Zeitschriftenartikel: „Bande GSM“

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ALEXANDRU, Marian, und Dorin NICULESCU. „COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SAR VALUES FOR THE GSM 900 AND GSM 1800 FREQUENCY BANDS“. Review of the Air Force Academy 13, Nr. 3 (16.12.2015): 117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.19062/1842-9238.2015.13.3.20.

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Chang, The-Nan, und Yu-Chou Chuang. „Antenna covering GSM/PCN/bluetooth and GPS bands“. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 53, Nr. 1 (22.11.2010): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mop.25664.

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3

Martínez Quintero, Juan Carlos, José de Jesús Rugeles Uribe und Edith Paola Estupiñán Cuesta. „Análisis de ocupación espectral banda GSM 850 en Bogotá“. Visión electrónica 12, Nr. 1 (29.06.2018): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.14483/22484728.14801.

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Este artículo presenta un análisis de uso de canales y la medición de ocupación espectral sobre la banda GSM-850 para el enlace downlink mediante dos escenarios de medición; Se definió un sector de Bogotá, Zona norte, sobre el cual se trazó una trayectoria de sensado; identificando parámetros como BSIC, NCC, LAI, MNC, LAC, CI, canal BCCH, frecuencia Uplink, nivel de potencia entre otros; a través del equipo Qualipoc. Se evidenció una cobertura con 17 celdas a lo largo del recorrido de 2.96 Km, con reconexión en dos de las celdas identificadas, resaltando la modulación GMSK como predominante y niveles de potencia aceptables para las estaciones móviles según la norma 3GPP GSM05.05. Posteriormente se realizó la captura del espectrograma en esta misma banda identificando la convivencia de diferentes tecnologías de telefonía móvil y el uso de GSM en varios canales de frecuencias y espacios temporales, con ocupación espectral del 95.2%

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Bakır, Mehmet, Muharrem Karaaslan, Olcay Altıntaş, Mehmet Bagmancı, Volkan Akdogan und Feyzullah Temurtaş. „Tunable energy harvesting on UHF bands especially for GSM frequencies“. International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 10, Nr. 1 (10.12.2017): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078717001325.

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Metamaterial-based energy harvesting structures operating at GSM 900 and GSM 1800 frequency bands have been proposed. The basic structure is composed of four nested U-shaped elements on the front and back side of the dielectric substrate, with a 180° relationship between the front and back resonators. As energy harvesting capability is directly related to the quality of absorption, with the aim being perfect absorption, there is an air gap to allow tuning of the resonance frequency, and copper plate follows the air gap to facilitate the perfect absorption of electromagnetic waves, which is verified by means of simulation and experimental tests. A set of simulations and experimental study were further carried out to demonstrate incident and polarization angle dependency, the effects of Schottky diodes, and the optimal orientation of the U-shapes. Spectrum analysis and DC voltage measurements across the HSMS 2860 Schottky diode are also presented to test the energy harvesting capability: the spectrum analyzer shows a 40 dBm difference, while 81.7 mV maximum DC voltage is observed at 900 MHz. The simulation and experimental study results, while displaying several differences, do suggest that the proposed design can be used for running low-energy consumption devices such as sensors and switches.

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Owiredu, Solomon Amoah, Shem Otoi Onyango, Eun-A. Song, Kwang-Il Kim, Byung-Yeob Kim und Kyoung-Hoon Lee. „Enhancing Chub Mackerel Catch Per Unit Effort (CPUE) Standardization through High-Resolution Analysis of Korean Large Purse Seine Catch and Effort Using AIS Data“. Sustainability 16, Nr. 3 (04.02.2024): 1307. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16031307.

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Accurate determination of fishing effort from Automatic Identification System (AIS) data improves catch per unit effort (CPUE) estimation and precise spatial management. By combining AIS data with catch information, a weighted distribution method is applied to allocate catches across various fishing trajectories, accounting for temporal dynamics. A Generalized Linear Model (GLM) and Generalized Additive Model (GAM) were used to examine the influence of spatial–temporal and environmental variables (year, month, Sea Surface Temperature (SST), Sea Surface Salinity (SSS), current velocity, depth, longitude, and latitude) and assess the quality of model fit for these effects on chub mackerel CPUE. Month, SST, and year exhibited the strongest relationship with CPUE in the GLM model, while the GAM model emphasizes the importance of month and year. CPUE peaked within specific temperature and salinity ranges and increased with longitude and specific latitudinal bands. Month emerged as the most influential variable, explaining 38% of the CPUE variance, emphasizing the impact of regulatory measures on fishery performance. The GAM model performed better, explaining 69.9% of the nominal CPUE variance. The time series of nominal and standardized indices indicated strong seasonal cycles, and the application of fine-scale fishing effort improved nominal and standardized CPUE estimates and model performance.

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Zapata Ochoa, Edison Andres, Francisco López und Germán Góez. „Antenas monopolo de doble banda para captación de energía de radiofrecuencia del medio ambiente“. MASKAY 12, Nr. 1 (10.11.2021): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.24133/maskay.v12i1.2283.

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Este artículo presenta dos rectennas (Rectifying Antennas) de bajo costo y de doble banda para recolectar energía de RF de las bandas GSM-850, GSM-1900 y UMTS-2100 MHz. Ambas rectennas se basan en antenas monopolos con plano de tierra de tipo Defected Grounded Structure (DGS). La primera está diseñada con un anillo resonador cuadrado, el ancho de banda se encuentra entre 73.4 y 145 MHz, con una ganancia de 2.29 y 3.53 dBi. La segunda presenta un ancho de banda de 86 y 124.8 MHz con una ganancia de 1 y 3.8 dBi. Además, un rectificador de triple banda con un diodo Schottky HSMS-286C para mejorar la eficiencia de conversión de potencia de RF a CC. Los resultados de la medición muestran que se ha logrado recolectar entre 150 y 308 mV de CC durante 8 horas a 50 metros de una estación base de telefonía, en un total de 86 horas continuas de exposición a esta estación se ha obtenido un voltaje de CC que varía entre 4 y 4.50 voltios de energía de RF ambiental.

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Feng, Wenjie, Xin Gao und Wenquan Che. „Microstrip diplexer for GSM and WLAN bands using common shorted stubs“. Electronics Letters 50, Nr. 20 (September 2014): 1486–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el.2014.2500.

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Bakır, Mehmet, Muharrem Karaaslan, Faruk Karadağ, Emin Ünal, Oguzhan Akgöl, Fatih Ö. Alkurt und Cumali Sabah. „Metamaterial-based energy harvesting for GSM and satellite communication frequency bands“. Optical Engineering 57, Nr. 08 (31.08.2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.oe.57.8.087110.

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9

Foudazi, Ali, Hamid Reza Hassani und Sajad Mohammad ali nezhad. „Small UWB Planar Monopole Antenna With Added GPS/GSM/WLAN Bands“. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 60, Nr. 6 (Juni 2012): 2987–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2012.2194632.

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10

Low, T. K. William, Zhi Ning Chen und Ning Yang. „Bent planar monopole operating at GSM/DCS/PCS/IMT2000 quad-bands“. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 40, Nr. 2 (2003): 170–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mop.11319.

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11

YALDUZ, Hüsnü, und Hüseyin ÇİZMECİ. „DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF MULTI-BAND COMPACT MICROSTRIP ANTENNA IN GSM1900/WLAN/WiMAX/DSRC/X-BAND FREQUENCY BANDS FOR VEHICLE APPLICATIONS“. Journal of Scientific Reports-A, Nr. 052 (29.03.2023): 407–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.59313/jsr-a.1201301.

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This study focuses the design and analysis of a compact, multi-band microstrip patch antenna for wireless communications operations. The design antenna exhibits distinct quad resonance frequency bands I from 1.879 GHz to 1.986 GHz, II from 3.1 GHz to 3.87 GHz, and III from 4.97 GHz to 6.515 GHz, IV from 7.26 GHz to 8.6 GHz, which covers GSM 1.900 GHz, WLAN (5.2/5.8 GHz), DSRC 5.9 GHz and WiMAX (3.5/5.5 GHz) bands. In addition, it can also support the X-band from 7.26 to 8.6 GHz. The antenna is designed on an inexpensive substrate of FR4 with dimensions of 36(L) × 25(W) mm2 and consists of two branches of curved strips for a quad-band response. The antenna is designed and analyzed using electromagnetic 3D computer simulation software. The designed antenna can provide advantages in GSM/WLAN/WiMAX/DSRC/X-band satellite applications for vehicle communication with four resonant frequency bands, nearly omnidirectional radiation characteristics, and acceptable gain.

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Rajauria, Vaishali. „Cone Shaped Multiband Antenna for Wireless Applications“. International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, Nr. VI (20.06.2021): 1752–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.35363.

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In this paper multi-band microstrip-fed monopole antenna is proposed to apply Satellite communication, GSM 860 & GSM 1800. A cone-shaped defected patch antenna with the reduced ground plane is proposed to build a multi-band antenna. Because of the defective patch, the antenna resonating in triple bands 860MHz, 1.8GHz &2. 1GHz.The size of the antenna is 72*1.6*100 mm3. The antenna simulation is done on CST software using FR-4 substrate.

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Li, Guihong, Huiqing Zhai, Tong Li, Xiao Yan Ma und Chang-Hong Liang. „DESIGN OF A COMPACT UWB ANTENNA INTEGRATED WITH GSM/WCDMA/WLAN BANDS“. Progress In Electromagnetics Research 136 (2013): 409–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2528/pier12120604.

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Bod, M., H. R. Hassani und M. M. S. Taheri. „Compact UWB Printed Slot Antenna With Extra Bluetooth, GSM, and GPS Bands“. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 11 (2012): 531–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lawp.2012.2197849.

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Silva, Adelino Pinheiro, Maurílio Nunes Vieira und Adriano Vilela Barbosa. „Avaliação de Descritores Acústicos Aplicados à Comparação Forense de Locutor“. Revista Brasileira de Criminalística 8, Nr. 2 (17.02.2020): 22–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.15260/rbc.v8i2.344.

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A comparação forense de locutor (CFL) consiste no confronto entre características de dois áudios, com o objetivo de associar as falas do áudio questionado a um indivíduo conhecido. Esse áudio, na maioria dos casos, é oriundo de interceptações telefônicas e possui codificação GSM (Global System Mobile), banda estreita e ruído de canal. Levantamentos do cenário mundial em CFL, realizados em 2011 e 2016, respectivamente pela Universidade de York e INTERPOL, indicaram que muitos peritos forenses baseavam-se em análises perceptuais e acústicas. Em contrapartida, a utilização de metodologias automáticas e assistidas são menos utilizadas. Nesse nicho, o presente trabalho busca explorar o potencial de características/descritores acústicos, como Componentes Mel Cepstrais e analisar o poder discriminante destas características acústicas extraídas de corpus. Os experimentos utilizaram cinco tipos de ruído em seis níveis de relação sinal ruído. Os cenários das comparações visam aproximar as condições forenses considerando a codificação GSM, a banda do sinal e o ruído de canal.

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Riyantika, Regina, und Dadang Gunawan. „Feasibility Analysis of GSM-R System for Railways in Indonesia: Case Study of Jakarta Bandung High Speed Train“. Journal Research of Social Science, Economics, and Management 3, Nr. 1 (25.08.2023): 304–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.59141/jrssem.v3i1.544.

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High-speed railway technology development necessitates the development of a communication system that supports various components of train operation facilities, such as train control, safety communication, and others. The construction of fhigh-speed railway in Indonesia in the Jakarta-Bandung area uses the Chinese Train Control System (CTCS) Level 3 signaling system, which makes the Global System for Mobile Communication-Railway (GSM-R) a wireless signaling network system. Because there are already existing GSM-based public telecommunications services, known as public GSM, on the same frequency used by a number of cellular operators in Indonesia, the use of GSM-R poses implementation challenges. This will result in reduced service quality and revenue for protected cellular network operators due to the use of these frequency bands to support the operation of high-speed railway services in Indonesia. In this study, an evaluation was carried out to look for other potentials from using the GSM 900 MHz frequency band, which can be used as an option to be implemented on high-speed trains in Indonesia. The research begins with calculating the estimated potential loss of revenue from using telecommunications network operators. This data will be analyzed in terms of the economic feasibility of several other frequency band choices for implementing the GSM 900 MHz frequency band on high-speed trains in Indonesia, so that it is hoped that this will become a new consideration that can become a solution and recommendation in the application and use of GSM-R technology in Indonesia.

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Tuhumena, Winde Dale, John Chr Ruhulessin und M. M. Hendriks. „MAKNA TANAH PENGUNGSIAN BAGI JEMAAT GPM BANDA SULI“. ARUMBAE: Jurnal Ilmiah Teologi dan Studi Agama 2, Nr. 1 (04.06.2020): 59–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.37429/arumbae.v2i1.424.

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The congregation of Banda Suli (Read: Jemaat GPM Banda Suli) is one of the members of the Protestant Church in the Moluccas (GPM). The members of Jemaat GPM Banda Suli have initially displaced members of the congregations in the Banda Islands due to the 1999 conflict. Accustomed to living with extensive land ownership with Banda identity as Banda people, then settling in small, limited land with identity as a Banda people in the land of Suli need the right meaning to be able to improve the welfare of life. This research uses qualitative methods with in-depth interview techniques and literature studies. The results of the study found that by experiencing God's presence in the land they inhabited, both on the island of Banda and in the land of Suli, they had the spirit and were motivated to continue working and trying to improve the existence of their lives. The land of Suli Banda is also understood as the Holy ground for God.

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Pastukh, A. S., V. O. Tikhvinskiy, E. E. Devyatkin, A. A. Savochkin und A. V. Lukyanchikov. „Electromagnetic compatibility studies between HAPS and IMT terrestrial networks of legacy mobile standards (GSM, UMTS, LTE) in the frequency bands below 2.7 GHz“. T-Comm 18, Nr. 5 (2024): 40–60. https://doi.org/10.36724/2072-8735-2024-18-5-49-60.

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This work presents studies of electromagnetic compatibility between HAPS transmitters and terrestrial IMT networks of legacy standards (GSM, UMTS, LTE). The study includes interference analysis from HAPS to both uplink and downlink GSM, UMTS, and LTE networks. In the study throughput loss of the terrestrial IMT networks when interfered with by HAPS in a cross-border scenario was calculated. In the simulation the interfered UMTS, and LTE networks were deployed in the urban environment and the victim GSM network was deployed in the rural environment. The interference evaluation was done using the statistic approach by Monte Carlo analysis. The study isn't linked to any particular country and can be applied to the typical case of any cross-border interference case, it should be noted though that the interference analysis takes into account interference mitiga tion from clutter losses which can vary from country to country due to the difference in the building's height, this particular study consid ers building heights based on the ITU-R recommendations which mostly use average values.

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Awan, Wahaj Abbas, Niamat Hussain, Sunggoo Kim und Nam Kim. „A Frequency-Reconfigurable Filtenna for GSM, 4G-LTE, ISM, and 5G-Sub 6 GHz Band Applications“. Sensors 22, Nr. 15 (25.07.2022): 5558. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22155558.

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This paper presents the design and realization of a flexible and frequency-reconfigurable antenna with harmonic suppression for multiple wireless applications. The antenna structure is derived from a quarter-wave monopole by etching slots. Afterward, the high-order unwanted harmonics are eliminated by adding a filtering stub to the feedline to avoid signal interference. Lastly, frequency reconfigurability is achieved using pin diodes by connecting and disconnecting the stubs and the rectangular patch. The antenna is fabricated on the commercially available thin (0.254 mm) conformal substrate of Rogers RT5880. The proposed antenna resonates (|S11| < –10 dB) at five different reconfigurable bands of 3.5 GHz (3.17–3.82 GHz), 2.45 GHz (2.27–2.64 GHz), 2.1 GHz (2.02–2.29 GHz), 1.9 GHz (1.81–2.05 GHz), and 1.8 GHz (1.66–1.93 GHz), which are globally used for 5G sub-6 GHz in industrial, medical, and scientific (ISM) bands, 4G long-term evolution (LTE) bands, and global system for mobile communication (GSM) bands. The simulated and measured results show that the antenna offers excellent performance in terms of good impedance matching with controllable resonant bands, high gain (>2 dBi), stable radiation patterns, and efficiency (>87%). Moreover, the conformal analysis shows that the antenna retains its performance both in flat and bending conditions, making it suitable for flexible electronics. In addition, the antenna is compared with the state-of-the-art works for similar applications to show its potential for the targeted band spectrums.

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Srivastava, Kunal, Ashwani Kumar, Binod K. Kanaujia, Santanu Dwari, Anand Kumar Verma, Karu P. Esselle und Raj Mittra. „Integrated GSM‐UWB Fibonacci‐type antennas with single, dual, and triple notched bands“. IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation 12, Nr. 6 (05.03.2018): 1004–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-map.2017.0074.

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Papadopoulou, Maria S., Achilles D. Boursianis, Christos K. Volos, Ioannis N. Stouboulos, Spyridon Nikolaidis und Sotirios K. Goudos. „High-Efficiency Triple-Band RF-to-DC Rectifier Primary Design for RF Energy-Harvesting Systems“. Telecom 2, Nr. 3 (09.08.2021): 271–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/telecom2030018.

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Radio Frequency (RF) energy harvesting has been emerged as a potentially reliable method to replace the costly and difficult to maintain source of low-power wireless sensor networks. A plethora of dual-band rectifier designs has been proposed in the literature operating in various frequency bands. In this paper, a triple-band RF-to-DC rectifier that operates in the frequency bands of LoRaWAN, GSM-900, and WiFi 2.4 GHz is presented. The system is composed of an impedance-matching circuit, an RF-to-DC rectifier, that converts the ambient RF energy into DC voltage able to feed low-power devices, and an output load. The proposed system resonates at three different frequencies of 866 MHz, 948 MHz and 2423 MHz, which fall within the aforementioned frequency bands of interest. The feasible solution of the proposed system was based on a dual-band rectifier operating in the frequency bands of LoRaWAN and GSM-900. A series of shunt stubs was utilized in the initial design to form the feasible solution of the proposed system. The proposed triple-band rectifier was optimized using a powerful optimization algorithm, i.e., the genetic algorithm. The overall system exhibited improved characteristics compared to the initial design in terms of its resonance. Numerical results demonstrated that the overall system exhibited an efficiency of 81% with 3.23 V of the output voltage, for an input power of 0 dBm and a load of 13 kOhm.

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Serrano, Salvatore, und Marco Scarpa. „A Petri Net Model for Cognitive Radio Internet of Things Networks Exploiting GSM Bands“. Future Internet 15, Nr. 3 (21.03.2023): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fi15030115.

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Quality of service (QoS) is a crucial requirement in distributed applications. Internet of Things architectures have become a widely used approach in many application domains, from Industry 4.0 to smart agriculture; thus, it is crucial to develop appropriate methodologies for managing QoS in such contexts. In an overcrowded spectrum scenario, cognitive radio technology could be an effective methodology for improving QoS requirements. In order to evaluate QoS in the context of a cognitive radio Internet of Things network, we propose a Petri net-based model that evaluates the cognitive radio environment and operates in a 200 kHz GSM/EDGE transponder band. The model is quite flexible as it considers several circuit and packet switching primary user network loads and configurations and several secondary user types of services (that involve semantic transparency or time transparency); furthermore, it is able to take into account mistakes of the spectrum sensing algorithm used by secondary users. Specifically, we derive the distribution of the response time perceived by the secondary users, where it is then possible to obtain an estimation of both the maximum throughput and jitter. The proposed cognitive radio scenario considers a secondary user synchronized access to the channel when using the GSM/EDGE frame structure.

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Assogba, Ognadon, Abdoul Karim Mbodji, Arnaud Bréard, Abdou Karim Diallo und Yvan Duroc. „Tri-Band Rectenna Dedicated to UHF RFID, GSM-1800 and UMTS-2100 Frequency Bands“. Sensors 22, Nr. 9 (07.05.2022): 3565. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22093565.

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The omnipresence of connected objects leads to the quasi-permanent presence of electromagnetic waves from different sources in our environment. This article presents a new electromagnetic energy harvesting device, rectenna type, which offers the advantage of being versatile. Indeed, the proposed prototype is compatible with three frequency bands of radio standards widely deployed today (UHF RFID, GSM-1800, and UMTS-2100), and its performances remain good for low to very low ambient power levels as well as for different loads depending on the targeted application. The proposed solution is based on a tri-band antenna with very good efficiency and a bandwidth of at least 80 MHz for each of the operating frequencies. Moreover, the associated rectifier circuit is also tri-band and offers good performance in terms of RF-to-DC conversion efficiency for input levels varying in a rather wide range of power levels. The study is based on a design phase by simulation until the realization of prototypes and their experimental characterization. The designed rectenna is compared with solutions found in the literature.

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BELEN, Aysu, und Mehmet Ali BELEN. „GSM VE ISM BANDI RF ENERJİ HASATLAMA SİSTEMLERİ İÇİN TEK KATLI DOĞRULTUCU DEVRE TASARIMI“. Mühendislik Bilimleri ve Tasarım Dergisi 9, Nr. 2 (20.06.2021): 359–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21923/jesd.916164.

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Hamid, Mohamad Rijal, und Vincent Yong Kai Loung. „Multiband Planar Antenna for Long Term Evaluation and Wireless Local Area Network Applications“. ELEKTRIKA- Journal of Electrical Engineering 21, Nr. 1 (20.04.2022): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/elektrika.v21n1.282.

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In this paper, a planar antenna for Long Term Evolution (LTE) bands and Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) is proposed. The antenna is based on a coupled-fed monopole with a distributed inductor and a direct-fed monopole. These three components form two bands of operations namely a low operating band from 0.59 to 0.635 GHz and a high operating band from 1.67 to 2.80 GHz. The two operating bands satisfy the WMTS 610, UMTS 1700, GSM 1800, LTE 1900, LTE 2100, WLAN 2400, LTE 2600 and WLAN 3600 applications. The proposed antenna having dimensions 75 × 10 × 0.8 mm3 is suitable for the top edge of a mobile handset and a copper plate of 75 × 100 mm2 (5 inches screen plate), is used as the ground plane system.

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Hamid, Mohamad Rijal, und Vincent Yong Kai Loung. „Multiband Planar Antenna for Long Term Evaluation and Wireless Local Area Network Applications“. ELEKTRIKA- Journal of Electrical Engineering 21, Nr. 1 (20.04.2022): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/elektrika.v21n1.282.

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In this paper, a planar antenna for Long Term Evolution (LTE) bands and Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) is proposed. The antenna is based on a coupled-fed monopole with a distributed inductor and a direct-fed monopole. These three components form two bands of operations namely a low operating band from 0.59 to 0.635 GHz and a high operating band from 1.67 to 2.80 GHz. The two operating bands satisfy the WMTS 610, UMTS 1700, GSM 1800, LTE 1900, LTE 2100, WLAN 2400, LTE 2600 and WLAN 3600 applications. The proposed antenna having dimensions 75 × 10 × 0.8 mm3 is suitable for the top edge of a mobile handset and a copper plate of 75 × 100 mm2 (5 inches screen plate), is used as the ground plane system.

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Mrnka, M., P. Vasina, M. Kufa, V. Hebelka und Z. Raida. „The RF Energy Harvesting Antennas Operating in Commercially Deployed Frequency Bands: A Comparative Study“. International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2016 (2016): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7379624.

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This paper deals with suitable antennas for energy harvesting, which is a growing research field due to the utilization of nowadays ubiquitous and abundant RF energy. Four types of basic antenna structures suitable for harvesting applications, namely, the patch antenna, slot antenna, modified inverted F antenna, and dielectric resonator antenna, are compared from the viewpoint of reflection coefficient, efficiency, radiation patterns, and dimensions. The frequencies of interest were chosen so that they cover several main wireless systems operating between 0.8 GHz and 2.6 GHz, that is, GSM, UMTS, and WiFi.

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Jafar Ali Ibrahim S, Hemalatha D und Pavan Kalyan V. „Automated health monitoring system for premature fetus“. South Asian Journal of Engineering and Technology 12, Nr. 3 (11.07.2022): 131–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.26524/sajet.2022.12.50.

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Our research is about the premature infant Monitoring system based on wireless Technology. A prototype is developed which gives a reliable and efficient baby monitoring system that can play a significant role in providing higher kid care. This system monitor vital parameters such as body Temperature, Pulse rate, Cry Movement ,Blood oxygen level(spo2),heart rate and the physical activity of an infant and using GSM Network .GSM is an open and digital cellular technology used for transmitting mobile voice and data services operates at the 850MHZ and 1900MHZ frequency bands. This information is transferred to their parents. Measurements of these vital parameters can be done and underneath risk, Scenario sent to the parents with SMS alert to intimate the proper control action. So that we can reduce the death of the premature fetus.

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Abbas, Ahmed A., Naser Al Falahy und Abdullah Kh Ahmed. „The Effect of Tropospheric Scintillation on Microwave Frequencies for GSM System in The Iraqi Atmosphere“. International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research 10, Nr. 3 (30.09.2022): 747–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.37391/ijeer.100355.

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Several papers have been published recently on the effects of scintillation on microwave propagation in standard atmospheres. Most of them have analyzed theoretically the influence of various parameters on the propagation, but barely a few researchers were able to extract the results from the model relying on microwave links in a nonstandard atmosphere. A method is proposed to predict the tropospheric scintillation on the space path of Earth for both standard and nonstandard atmospheres using the frequency range (20-38) GHz which is used in the Global System for Mobile (GSM). This method can be applied to the different atmospheric conditions in different regions. This work studied the effects of various parameters, such as antenna diameter, meteorological elements t (average temperature), H (relative humidity), and water vapor pressure and frequency, on the scintillation magnitude of GSM bands in Basrah and Baghdad.

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Genc, Ozgur, Mehmet Bayrak und Ercan Yaldiz. „ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTS OF GSM BANDS TO THE ELECTROMAGNETIC POLLUTION IN THE RF SPECTRUM“. Progress In Electromagnetics Research 101 (2010): 17–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2528/pier09111004.

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31

Narang, N., S. K. Dubey, P. S. Negi und V. N. Ojha. „Design and characterization of microstrip based E-field sensor for GSM and UMTS frequency bands“. Review of Scientific Instruments 87, Nr. 12 (Dezember 2016): 124703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4971316.

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32

Luo, Yong-Lun, Liang Xu, Zhen-Yu Xin und Shuang He. „A COMPACT CPW-FED UWB ANTENNA WITH GSM, GPS, BLUETOOTH AND DUAL NOTCH BANDS APPLICATIONS“. Progress In Electromagnetics Research C 35 (2013): 205–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2528/pierc12110702.

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33

Faruk, Nasir, N. T. Surajudeen-Bakinde, Abubakar Abdulkarim, Segun I. Popoola, A. Abdulkarim, Lukman A. Olawoyin und Aderemi A. Atayero. „ANFIS Model for Path Loss Prediction in the GSM and WCDMA Bands in Urban Area“. ELEKTRIKA- Journal of Electrical Engineering 18, Nr. 1 (24.04.2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/elektrika.v18n1.140.

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Path loss propagation is a vital concern when designing and planning networks in mobile communication systems. Propagation models such as the empirical, deterministic and theoretical models, which possess complex, inconsistent, time-consuming and non-adaptable features, have proven to be inefficient in designing of wireless systems, thereby resulting in the need for a more reliable model. Artificial Intelligence methods seem to overcome the drawbacks of the propagation models for predicting path loss. In this paper, the ANFIS approach to path loss prediction in the GSM and WCDMA bands is presented for selected urban areas in Nigeria. Furthermore, the effects of the number of Membership Functions (MFs) are investigated. The prediction results indicated that the ANFIS model outperformed the Hata, Cost-231, Egli and ECC-33 models in both Kano and Abuja urban areas. In addition, an increase in the number of MFs conceded an improved RMSE result for the generalized bell-shaped MF. The general performance and outcome of this research work show the efficiency and usefulness of the ANFIS model in improving prediction accuracy over propagation models

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Park, Sung-Il, und Jahyeon Lee. „A multiband film type inverted F-antenna for GSM, DCS, PCS, USPCS, and WCDMA bands“. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 54, Nr. 12 (25.09.2012): 2757–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mop.27195.

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35

Kumar, D., D. Chowdhury und R. Ghatak. „A Triband Planar Inverted-F Antenna with Quadratic Koch Fractal Shaped Slit Along with a Shorted Parasitic Strip“. Advanced Electromagnetics 7, Nr. 5 (24.11.2018): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.7716/aem.v7i5.774.

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In this paper, a novel compact tri-band planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) for mobile communication application is proposed. The antenna is capable to cover GSM 900 MHz, DCS 1.8 GHz and WLAN (IEEE 802.11b) 2.45 GHz bands. The proposed PIFA is composed of a quadratic Koch shape slit and a parasitic strip. The PIFA with the fractal shaped slit contributes to the first and second resonance while the shorted strip brings forth the third band. The impedance bandwidths of 84 MHz, 132 MHz and 81 MHz for GSM 900, DCS 1800 and WLAN (IEEE 802.11b) 2450, respectively are achieved. A realized gain of 2.44 dBi, 4.48 dBi and 3.86 dBi is obtained at 0.9 GHz, 1.8 GHz and 2.45 GHz, respectively. The proposed antenna is fabricated and |S11| dB is measured. Reasonable agreement between simulated results as well as measured results is obtained.

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Mohani, Syed Sheraz ul Hasan, und Kamran Raza. „LTE and GPS based Deca Band Printed Antenna for Cellular Mobile Handset Communication Applications“. Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology 38, Nr. 2 (01.04.2019): 313–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.1902.06.

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This paper presents novel mobile phone antenna for radiations simultaneously in ten frequency bands for applications of LTE (Long-Term Evolution), GPS (Global Positioning System), GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications), PCS (Public and Commercial Services), DCS (Distributed Control System), UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) and WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access). The antenna demonstrates novel characteristics for resolving the challenge of simultaneous radiation capabilities for the GSM and GPS applications with frequencies of 850/900 and 1575 MHz respectively, along with resonances at frequency band of 700 MHz for LTE applications, 1800 and 1900 MHz for PCS and DCS applications, 2100 MHz for UMTS applications, 2400 and 2500 MHz for LTE applications and 3300 MHz for WiMAX applications with S11 = - 6 dB matching criteria (VSWR 3:1). The antenna architecture comprises top and bottom copper layers embedded with monopole radiating element, branch line, slots and various stub lines. The desired operating bands are achieved in a compact area with overall dimensions of 0.8x60x120 mm for the height, width and length respectively of the antenna providing suitable platform for mobile handset applications. Omni-directional radiation pattern characteristics are achieved throughout the range of frequencies by designing the proposed antenna in monopole configuration. Proposed antenna is fabricated and results for the surface currents, s-parameters and 3D (Three-Dimensional) gain plots are illustrated for the proof of concept.

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Mandal, Danvir, und S. S. Pattnaik. „Wide CPW-Fed Multiband Wearable Monopole Antenna with Extended Grounds for GSM/WLAN/WiMAX Applications“. International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2019 (04.02.2019): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4264513.

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A novel wide coplanar waveguide- (CPW-) fed multiband wearable monopole antenna is presented. The multiband operation is achieved by generating slanted monopoles of different lengths from an isosceles triangular patch. The different operating frequencies of the proposed antenna are associated with the lengths of the slanted monopoles, which are determined under quarter wavelength resonance condition. The CPW line is used as a multiband impedance-matching structure. The two grounds are slightly extended for better impedance matching. The proposed antenna is designed to cover the 1800 MHz GSM, 2.4 GHz/5.2 GHz WLAN, and 3.5 GHz WiMAX bands. The measured peak gains and impedance bandwidths are about 4.18/3.83/2.6/2.94 dBi and 410/260/170/520 MHz for the 1550-1960 MHz/2.3-2.56 GHz/3.4-3.57 GHz/5.0-5.52 GHz bands, respectively. The calculated averaged specific absorption rate (SAR) values at all the resonant frequencies are well below the standard limit of 2 W/kg, which ensures its feasibility for wearable applications. The antenna performance under different bending configurations is investigated and the results are presented. The reflection coefficient characteristics of the proposed antenna is also measured for different on-arm conditions and the results are compared. A good agreement between experimental and simulation results validates the proposed design approach.

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Kumar, Hitesh. „Fabrication and Testing of a Miniature Multi-Band Monopole Antenna“. Stallion Journal for Multidisciplinary Associated Research Studies 2, Nr. 6 (31.12.2023): 1–14. https://doi.org/10.55544/sjmars.2.6.1.

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The multi band monopole antenna is high demand on wireless applications with multi frequency bands. This work describes the design, implementation, and performance analysis of a fixed Multi monopole antenna. Two etched monopoles of varying lengths printed on the same side of an electrically thin substrate. The monopoles are linked by a series microstrip line with a tuning stub. The substrate used in this design is FR4 with thickness of 1.6 mm. The antenna performing at three operating bands at center frequencies: 1.8, 2.4, and 4.5 GHz. The multi band antenna for all 2G-5G communication applications A numerical approach called FDTD (Finite Difference Time Domain) is used to simulate the proposed antenna. The gain is approximately 3.4 dBi across the two operating bands. A low-loss and compact multi monopole antenna having measurements 75 × 45 mm suitable for GSM, WLAN and 5G applications are realized. The modeling and measurement results for the reflection coefficient and radiation pattern are compared.

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Bourthoumieu, S., V. Joubert, B. Marin, A. Collin, P. Leveque, F. Terro und C. Yardin. „Cytogenetic Studies in Human Cells ExposedIn Vitroto GSM-900 MHz Radiofrequency Radiation Using R-Banded Karyotyping“. Radiation Research 174, Nr. 6a (03.12.2010): 712–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1667/rr2137.1.

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Gómez-Calero, Carlos, Luis González und Ramón Martínez. „Tri-band compact antenna array for MIMO user mobile terminals at GSM 1800 and WLAN bands“. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 50, Nr. 7 (2008): 1914–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mop.23472.

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41

Jovanovic, Ugljesa, Darko Zigar, Jelena Malenovic-Nikolic und Dejan Krstic. „Assessing sar1g distribution in the human head during hands-free mobile phone usage“. Serbian Journal of Electrical Engineering 21, Nr. 1 (2024): 135–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sjee2401135j.

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This paper explores the distribution pattern of SAR1g within the adult male head during utilization of hands-free operation of contemporary mobile phones as a source of electromagnetic radiation. The research assesses the optimal positioning of the mobile phone by examining three distinct orientations to determine the minimal SAR1g distribution compared to the conventional talking position when hands-free feature is not utilized. The analysis encompasses GSM bands operating at 900 MHz and 1800 MHz, depending on the alignment between the mobile phone and the head.

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Cheng, Yong, Jing Lu und Can Wang. „Design of a Multiple Band Vehicle-Mounted Antenna“. International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2019 (16.12.2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6098014.

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This paper designs a vertically polarized, horizontal, omnidirectional vehicle antenna for the mobile communication band, covering the available frequency bands of the wireless sensor network and 5G. The antenna is composed of semi-T monopole and semicone monopole, which are placed vertically on the metal plate, especially suitable for being mounted on top of a car. T-branch mainly works at low frequency, and cone branch mainly works at high frequency. The cone branch adopts tapered structure in order to improve the impedance matching of antenna and increase the bandwidth of antenna. The antenna can be miniaturized by cutting the antenna in half. The operating frequencies of the antenna are 770 MHz–1000 MHz and 1.7 GHz–3.78 GHz which can cover multiple wireless system bands, including GSM, LTE, and 5G.

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Hsieh, Tsang Yen, Jyh Liang Wang, Chuan Chou Hwang und Wei Chuan Chen. „Compact Printed Antenna for Mobile Phone“. Advanced Materials Research 811 (September 2013): 331–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.811.331.

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A small-size printed antenna is proposed for the application of mobile phones. The antennacomprisesan outer strip, an inner strip, and a common section.It not only occupies a compact area of 25 × 20 mm² butalsosupports two wide bandswithinthe resonantmodes. Prototypes of the antenna had been constructed and experimentally verified. The measured results of the antenna show the bandwidth cover the existing service bands of GSM/DCS/PCS/UMTS within 6 dB return loss specification, and also have good radiation patterns and antenna gains.This antenna is well suitable to be used for mobile phone application.

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Bilgiç, Mustafa Murat, und Korkut Yeğin. „Design of L-plate proximity fed base station antenna element“. International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 7, Nr. 2 (14.05.2014): 205–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078714000646.

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Wideband microstrip antenna with L-plate capacitively coupled feed structure is designed. The antenna operates in GSM 1800/1900 (1710–1910 MHz) and UMTS I (1920–2170 MHz) frequency bands. The antenna has dual slant (±45°) polarization with high isolation (>25 dB) between the ports. Measurements of the antenna reveal good performance in terms of impedance match, gain, gain flatness, isolation, half-power beamwidth, cross-polarization level, and front-to-back ratio. The proposed antenna can be used in base station antenna arrays, pico-cell, and femto-cell small-area cellular networks.

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Agrawal, Sachin, Manoj Singh Parihar und Pravin N. Kondekar. „A dual-band rectenna using broadband DRA loaded with slot“. International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 10, Nr. 1 (13.12.2017): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078717001234.

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This paper presents a broadband hybrid slot-dielectric resonator antenna for radiofrequency (RF) energy-harvesting application. The antenna geometry consists of a simple pentagon-shaped dielectric resonator antenna (PDRA) excited by a microstrip feed underlying rectangular slot with narrow notch. It is investigated that the bandwidth of the proposed PDRA is improved significantly owing to electromagnetic coupling between feeding slot and the dielectric resonator. The measured results demonstrate that the proposed PDRA achieves an impedance bandwidth of 110.8%, covering the frequency range from 0.86 to 3 GHz in addition of stable radiation pattern with peak gain of 6.8 dBi and more than 90% radiation efficiency throughout the band, showing its suitability for RF energy harvesting application. For this to be feasible, the developed antenna is matched with the rectifier at two public telecommunication bands of GSM-900 and GSM-1800 using a compact dual-band hybrid matching network. The measured result demonstrates that the proposed dual-band rectenna system provides the peak efficiency of 63 and 59% for a load impedance of 4.7 kΩ at 0.9 and 1.8 GHz, respectively.

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Parimal, Tiwari, und K. K. Verma. „A compact plus shaped with L-shaped slotted microstrip patch antenna for GSM, WLAN, WiMAX, C- and X- band applications“. i-manager’s Journal on Electronics Engineering 13, Nr. 2 (2023): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.26634/jele.13.2.19385.

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In this research article, a compact plus-shaped L-shaped slotted microstrip patch antenna is proposed for various applications, including the Global System for Mobile communication (GSM), Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN), Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX), and C-band X-band applications. The rectangular patch includes a plus-shaped slot, with an L-shaped slot cut along it, providing enhanced bandwidth and gain with multiband resonance. The radiation pattern of the proposed antenna is also better. The proposed antenna is capable of operating in four bands: (2.0 – 2.5 GHz)/2.2 GHz for GSM and WLAN applications, (3.6 – 3.9 GHz)/3.7 GHz for Wireless Fidelity (WiFi) and WiMAX applications, (6.7 -7.4 GHz)/7.1 GHz, and (9.1 – 10.8 GHz)/10 GHz for C- and X-band applications. The impedance bandwidth is 22.7%, 8.1%, 10%, and 17% for each respective frequency range. A parametric analysis of different dimensions, Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR), surface current distribution, and radiation pattern is presented to verify and validate the design parameters in each sections.

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Masthura, Syarifah, Budi Satria und Maulina Maulina. „Hubungan Tingkat Stres Dengan Durasi Waktu Bermain Gim Online Pada Remaja Di Sekolah Menengah Atas Kota Banda Aceh“. Indonesian Journal of Professional Nursing 5, Nr. 2 (19.01.2025): 150. https://doi.org/10.30587/ijpn.v5i2.9088.

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Stres merupakan salah satu permasalahan yang sering dihadapi oleh remaja saat ini. Remaja mengalami stres tersebut diakibatkan adanya tekanan akademik, sosial, dan emosional, sehingga mereka mengalihkan stres tersebut dengan bermain gim online. Bermain gim online yang terlalu lama menyebabkan kecanduan dan mengganggu kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan tingkat stres dengan durasi waktu bermain gim online pada remaja SMA. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif dengan desain korelatif menggunakan pendekatan cross sectional study. Jumlah populasi 160 siswa dan jumlah sampel 114 siswa yang dipilih berdasarkan teknik proportional sampling. Alat pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner tingkat stres Perceived Stress Scale (Pss-10). Data dianalisis menggunakan uji chi square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat stres pada kategori sedang sebanyak 78 responden (68,4%) dan durasi waktu bermain gim online kategori berlebihan sebanyak 69 responden (60,5%) dengan p-value=0,001 . Hubungan tersebut menunjukkan bahwa tingkat stres bisa mempengaruhi durasi bermain gim online. Diharapkan kepada instansi pendidikan untuk melakukan skrining melalui kuesioner tingkat stres pada remaja yang bermain gim online dan memberikan edukasi.

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Tu, D. T. T., und N. V. Sang. „Frequency Reconfigurable Multiband MIMO Antenna Base on Gradient Arcs for IoT Devices“. Advanced Electromagnetics 10, Nr. 2 (14.10.2021): 85–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.7716/aem.v10i2.1524.

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A frequency reconfigurable multi-band MIMO antenna is presented in this study. The single antenna consists of only one PIN diode that can change antenna operating frequencies from different quad-band to another one. Their bands not only cover the popular NB-IoT bands such as 900MHz, 1.8GHz, 2.4GHz for Z-Wave, ZigBee, RFID, GSM communication but also contain 5G IoT bands which are 2.4GHz, 2.6 GHz and 5GHz for LTE-A, 802.11n, ac, and 5G below 10GHz. Basing on the complex structure of ring and new moon shape, the single antenna achieves a compact size of 30 mm x 30 mm x 1.6 mm which is about 76% reduction compared to a conventional ring antenna at 900MHz. Besides, a structure of gradient arcs is proposed to decrease mutual coupling among closed-spaced elements of MIMO antenna for the distance of 0.033l at the lower band from edge to edge. The proposed antennas are analyzed by CST software, VNA measurement, and IEEE 802.11 USB Adapter that the simulated, measured as well as experimental results are agreed well.

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Tu, D. T. T., und N. V. Sang. „Frequency Reconfigurable Multiband MIMO Antenna Base on Gradient Arcs for IoT Devices“. Advanced Electromagnetics 10, Nr. 2 (14.10.2021): 85–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.7716/aem.v10i2.1524.

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A frequency reconfigurable multi-band MIMO antenna is presented in this study. The single antenna consists of only one PIN diode that can change antenna operating frequencies from different quad-band to another one. Their bands not only cover the popular NB-IoT bands such as 900MHz, 1.8GHz, 2.4GHz for Z-Wave, ZigBee, RFID, GSM communication but also contain 5G IoT bands which are 2.4GHz, 2.6 GHz and 5GHz for LTE-A, 802.11n, ac, and 5G below 10GHz. Basing on the complex structure of ring and new moon shape, the single antenna achieves a compact size of 30 mm x 30 mm x 1.6 mm which is about 76% reduction compared to a conventional ring antenna at 900MHz. Besides, a structure of gradient arcs is proposed to decrease mutual coupling among closed-spaced elements of MIMO antenna for the distance of 0.033l at the lower band from edge to edge. The proposed antennas are analyzed by CST software, VNA measurement, and IEEE 802.11 USB Adapter that the simulated, measured as well as experimental results are agreed well.

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Yeni, Cut Meurah, Aldilo Talima und Hijdrian Milzam. „Description of Gestational Mellitus Diabetes in the General Hospital Dr. Zainoel Abidin Banda Aceh in 2018“. Budapest International Research in Exact Sciences (BirEx) Journal 2, Nr. 2 (28.04.2020): 236–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/birex.v2i2.979.

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Gestasional diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a glucose intolerance of variable severity with onset or first recognition during pregnancy. This is a silence occurred disease by the patient so it made much of morbidity for baby and the mother. Purpose of the research is to found the prevalence of GDM in RSUDZA and how was the delivery outcome in 2018. This is a descriptive research which use medical record as a secondary data. Sample of the research is all of pregnant woman who diagnosed with GDM and got treatment at RSUDZA in 2018. From the research we got from 2538 pregnant woman there are 55 of them was diagnosed with GDM. 15 of them (27,3%) had a baby with birthweight >4000gr, and 6 of them (10,9%) had a baby with birthweight <2500gr.

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