Zeitschriftenartikel: „Bande de transition programmable“

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Abraitis, Vidas, und Žydrūnas Tamoševičius. „Transition Test Patterns Generation for BIST Implemented in ASIC and FPGA“. Solid State Phenomena 144 (September 2008): 214–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.144.214.

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Transition delay testing of sequential circuits in a clocked environment is analyzed. There are presented two test pattern generator methods for built in self testing of the circuit implemented as Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) and Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) of Virtex family. Cellular automaton and Linear Feedback Shift Register (LFSR) structures are used for test sequence generation. The circuits are tested as the black boxes under Transition fault model. Experimental results of the test pattern generation methods are presented and analyzed. Results compared with exhaustive test of transition faults for ASICs and programmable integrated circuits with given configuration.

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Li, Jin, Zhilong Su, Hongjie Xu, Xiaodong Ma, Jie Yin und Xuesong Jiang. „Photo-Induced Programmable Morphological Transition of the Hybrid Coassembles“. Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 219, Nr. 11 (17.04.2018): 1800054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.201800054.

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3

Wang, Jie, Wei Gao, Han Zhang, Minhan Zou, Yongping Chen und Yuanjin Zhao. „Programmable wettability on photocontrolled graphene film“. Science Advances 4, Nr. 9 (September 2018): eaat7392. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aat7392.

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Surface materials with specific wettability play important roles in a wide variety of areas from science to industry. We present a novel paraffin-infused porous graphene film (PIPGF) with programmable wettability. Because of graphene’s photothermal property, the paraffin in the PIPGF was in transition between liquid and solid in response to near-infrared (NIR) light irradiation. Thus, we imparted the film with a dynamic and reversible transition between a slippery and a rough surface as the remotely tunable wettability. In addition, with the integration of NIR masks, the paraffin could melt at corresponding patterns on the PIPGF, which formed special flow pathways for the slipping droplets. Therefore, the PIPGF could provide programmable wettability pathways for the spatiotemporal droplet manipulation by flexibly changing the NIR masks. We demonstrated these programmable wettability pathways to not only simplify liquid handling in the microplates and droplet microarrays technology but also to provide distinctly microfluidic microreactors for different purposes, such as practical blood grouping diagnosis. These features indicated that the photocontrollable PIPGF would be amenable to a variety of applications, such as microfluidic systems, laboratory-on-a-chip settings, and droplet manipulations.

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Garanina, Natalia Olegovna, Igor Sergeevich Anureev, Vladimir Evgenyevich Zyubin, Sergey Mikhailovich Staroletov, Tatiana Victorovna Liakh, Andrey Sergeevich Rozov und Sergei Petrovich Gorlatch. „Temporal Logic for Programmable Logic Controllers“. Modeling and Analysis of Information Systems 27, Nr. 4 (20.12.2020): 412–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.18255/1818-1015-2020-4-412-427.

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We address the formal verification of the control software of critical systems, i.e., ensuring the absence of design errors in a system with respect to requirements. Control systems are usually based on industrial controllers, also known as Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs). A specific feature of a PLC is a scan cycle: 1) the inputs are read, 2) the PLC states change, and 3) the outputs are written. Therefore, in order to formally verify PLC, e.g., by model checking, it is necessary to describe the transition system taking into account this specificity and reason both in terms of state transitions within a cycle and in terms of larger state transitions according to the scan-cyclic semantics. We propose a formal PLC model as a hyperprocess transition system and temporal cycle-LTL logic based on LTL logic for formulating PLC property. A feature of the cycle-LTL logic is the possibility of viewing the scan cycle in two ways: as the effect of the environment (in particular, the control object) on the control system and as the effect of the control system on the environment. For both cases we introduce modified LTL temporal operators. We also define special modified LTL temporal operators to specify inside properties of scan cycles. We describe the translation of formulas of cycle-LTL into formulas of LTL, and prove its correctness. This implies the possibility ofmodel checking requirements expressed in logic cycle-LTL, by using well-known model checking tools with LTL as specification logic, e.g., Spin. We give the illustrative examples of requirements expressed in the cycle-LTL logic.

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Wu, Guangjian, Bobo Tian, Lan Liu, Wei Lv, Shuang Wu, Xudong Wang, Yan Chen et al. „Programmable transition metal dichalcogenide homojunctions controlled by nonvolatile ferroelectric domains“. Nature Electronics 3, Nr. 1 (Januar 2020): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41928-019-0350-y.

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6

Lim, Ho Sun, Seung Goo Lee, Dae Ho Lee, Dong Yun Lee, Shichoon Lee und Kilwon Cho. „Superhydrophobic to Superhydrophilic Wetting Transition with Programmable Ion-Pairing Interaction“. Advanced Materials 20, Nr. 23 (02.12.2008): 4438–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.200801069.

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7

Ma, Biao, Jin Zhang, Gangsheng Chen, Yi Chen, Chengtao Xu, Lanjie Lei und Hong Liu. „Shape-Programmable Liquid Metal Fibers“. Biosensors 13, Nr. 1 (26.12.2022): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios13010028.

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Conductive and stretchable fibers are the cornerstone of intelligent textiles and imperceptible electronics. Among existing fiber conductors, gallium-based liquid metals (LMs) featuring high conductivity, fluidity, and self-healing are excellent candidates for highly stretchable fibers with sensing, actuation, power generation, and interconnection functionalities. However, current LM fibers fabricated by direct injection or surface coating have a limitation in shape programmability. This hinders their applications in functional fibers with tunable electromechanical response and miniaturization. Here, we reported a simple and efficient method to create shape-programmable LM fibers using the phase transition of gallium. Gallium metal wires in the solid state can be easily shaped into a 3D helical structure, and the structure can be preserved after coating the wire with polyurethane and liquifying the metal. The 3D helical LM fiber offered enhanced stretchability with a high breaking strain of 1273% and showed invariable conductance over 283% strain. Moreover, we can reduce the fiber diameter by stretching the fiber during the solidification of polyurethane. We also demonstrated applications of the programmed fibers in self-powered strain sensing, heart rate monitoring, airflow, and humidity sensing. This work provided simple and facile ways toward functional LM fibers, which may facilitate the broad applications of LM fibers in e-skins, wearable computation, soft robots, and smart fabrics.

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Guntnur, Rohini Thevi, Nicolas Muzzio, Madison Morales und Gabriela Romero. „Phase transition characterization of poly(oligo(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate) brushes using the quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation“. Soft Matter 17, Nr. 9 (2021): 2530–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0sm02169e.

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This work investigates the thermodynamic phase transition of poly(oligo(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate) brushes using the quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation for applications in programmable and controllable drug delivery.

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Jiang, Zhen, Ronny Javier Pibaque Sanchez, Idriss Blakey und Andrew K. Whittaker. „3D shape change of multi-responsive hydrogels based on a light-programmed gradient in volume phase transition“. Chemical Communications 54, Nr. 77 (2018): 10909–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cc06515b.

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Kim, Hyojoon, Xiaoqi Chen, Jack Brassil und Jennifer Rexford. „Experience-driven research on programmable networks“. ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review 51, Nr. 1 (31.01.2021): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3457175.3457178.

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Many promising networking research ideas in programmable networks never see the light of day. Yet, deploying research prototypes in production networks can help validate research ideas, improve them with faster feedback, uncover new research questions, and also ease the subsequent transition to practice. In this paper, we show how researchers can run and validate their research ideas in their own backyards---on their production campus networks---and we have seen that such a demonstrator can expedite the deployment of a research idea in practice to solve real network operation problems. We present P4Campus , a proof-of-concept that encompasses tools, an infrastructure design, strategies, and best practices---both technical and non-technical---that can help researchers run experiments against their programmable network idea in their own network. We use network tapping devices, packet brokers, and commodity programmable switches to enable running experiments to evaluate research ideas on a production campus network. We present several compelling data-plane applications as use cases that run on our campus and solve production network problems. By sharing our experiences and open-sourcing our P4 apps [28], we hope to encourage similar efforts on other campuses.

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Cheng, Zengguang, Tara Milne, Patrick Salter, Judy S. Kim, Samuel Humphrey, Martin Booth und Harish Bhaskaran. „Antimony thin films demonstrate programmable optical nonlinearity“. Science Advances 7, Nr. 1 (Januar 2021): eabd7097. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abd7097.

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The use of metals of nanometer dimensions to enhance and manipulate light-matter interactions for emerging plasmonics-enabled nanophotonic and optoelectronic applications is an interesting yet not highly explored area of research beyond plasmonics. Even more importantly, the concept of an active metal that can undergo an optical nonvolatile transition has not been explored. Here, we demonstrate that antimony (Sb), a pure metal, is optically distinguishable between two programmable states as nanoscale thin films. We show that these states, corresponding to the crystalline and amorphous phases of the metal, are stable at room temperature. Crucially from an application standpoint, we demonstrate both its optoelectronic modulation capabilities and switching speed using single subpicosecond pulses. The simplicity of depositing a single metal portends its potential for use in any optoelectronic application where metallic conductors with an actively tunable state are important.

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Han, Jie, Weitao Jiang, Dong Niu, Yiding Li, Yajun Zhang, Biao Lei, Hongzhong Liu et al. „Untethered Soft Actuators by Liquid–Vapor Phase Transition: Remote and Programmable Actuation“. Advanced Intelligent Systems 1, Nr. 8 (25.10.2019): 1900109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aisy.201900109.

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Han, Jie, Weitao Jiang, Dong Niu, Yiding Li, Yajun Zhang, Biao Lei, Hongzhong Liu et al. „Untethered Soft Actuators by Liquid–Vapor Phase Transition: Remote and Programmable Actuation“. Advanced Intelligent Systems 1, Nr. 8 (Dezember 2019): 1970080. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aisy.201970080.

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Tayar, Alexandra M., Eyal Karzbrun, Vincent Noireaux und Roy H. Bar-Ziv. „Synchrony and pattern formation of coupled genetic oscillators on a chip of artificial cells“. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, Nr. 44 (16.10.2017): 11609–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1710620114.

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Understanding how biochemical networks lead to large-scale nonequilibrium self-organization and pattern formation in life is a major challenge, with important implications for the design of programmable synthetic systems. Here, we assembled cell-free genetic oscillators in a spatially distributed system of on-chip DNA compartments as artificial cells, and measured reaction–diffusion dynamics at the single-cell level up to the multicell scale. Using a cell-free gene network we programmed molecular interactions that control the frequency of oscillations, population variability, and dynamical stability. We observed frequency entrainment, synchronized oscillatory reactions and pattern formation in space, as manifestation of collective behavior. The transition to synchrony occurs as the local coupling between compartments strengthens. Spatiotemporal oscillations are induced either by a concentration gradient of a diffusible signal, or by spontaneous symmetry breaking close to a transition from oscillatory to nonoscillatory dynamics. This work offers design principles for programmable biochemical reactions with potential applications to autonomous sensing, distributed computing, and biomedical diagnostics.

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Boucher, Y. G., J. Le Rouzo, I. Ribet, R. Haïdar und N. Guérineau. „Description matricielle de l'anisotropie de la transition inter-sous-bande d'une structure à multi-puits quantiques“. Journal de Physique IV (Proceedings) 135, Nr. 1 (Oktober 2006): 99–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jp4:2006135016.

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16

Moneta, Diana. „Smart grids: enabler for the energy transition“. EPJ Web of Conferences 189 (2018): 00012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201818900012.

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This paper deals with the concept of “smart grids”. Starting from drivers behind the evolution of the power system, an overview of elements and technologies is given: smart grids have to intelligently integrate the actions of all users connected to it — generators, consumers and those that do both — in order to efficiently deliver sustainable, economic and secure electricity supplies. Examples of solutions from demonstration projects represent the base for discussing methodologies to estimate benefits deriving from smart grid solutions, showing how conflicting goals cannot always be fulfilled simultaneously. Finally, future perspectives are discussed: the main thinking regards the awaited pivot role for customers, in the future scenario with an increased utilization of electricity combined with a high penetration of non-programmable resources.

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Xiao, D., K. W. Kim und J. M. Zavada. „Electrically programmable photonic crystal slab based on the metal-insulator transition in VO2“. Journal of Applied Physics 97, Nr. 10 (15.05.2005): 106102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1898435.

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Jin, Lishuai, Romik Khajehtourian, Jochen Mueller, Ahmad Rafsanjani, Vincent Tournat, Katia Bertoldi und Dennis M. Kochmann. „Guided transition waves in multistable mechanical metamaterials“. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, Nr. 5 (22.01.2020): 2319–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1913228117.

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Transition fronts, moving through solids and fluids in the form of propagating domain or phase boundaries, have recently been mimicked at the structural level in bistable architectures. What has been limited to simple one-dimensional (1D) examples is here cast into a blueprint for higher dimensions, demonstrated through 2D experiments and described by a continuum mechanical model that draws inspiration from phase transition theory in crystalline solids. Unlike materials, the presented structural analogs admit precise control of the transition wave’s direction, shape, and velocity through spatially tailoring the underlying periodic network architecture (locally varying the shape or stiffness of the fundamental building blocks, and exploiting interactions of transition fronts with lattice defects such as point defects and free surfaces). The outcome is a predictable and programmable strongly nonlinear metamaterial motion with potential for, for example, propulsion in soft robotics, morphing surfaces, reconfigurable devices, mechanical logic, and controlled energy absorption.

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Walter, Mario, Fabian Friess, Martin Krus, Seyed Mohammad Hassan Zolanvari, Gunnar Grün, Hartmut Kröber und Thorsten Pretsch. „Shape Memory Polymer Foam with Programmable Apertures“. Polymers 12, Nr. 9 (25.08.2020): 1914. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12091914.

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In this work, a novel type of polyester urethane urea (PEUU) foam is introduced. The foam was produced by reactive foaming using a mixture of poly(1,10–decamethylene adipate) diol and poly(1,4–butylene adipate) diol, 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 1,4–butanediol, diethanolamine and water as blowing agent. As determined by differential scanning calorimetry, the melting of the ester-based phases occurred at temperatures in between 25 °C and 61 °C, while the crystallization transition spread from 48 °C to 20 °C. The mechanical properties of the foam were simulated with the hyperplastic models Neo-Hookean and Ogden, whereby the latter showed a better agreement with the experimental data as evidenced by a Pearson correlation coefficient R² above 0.99. Once thermomechanically treated, the foam exhibited a maximum actuation of 13.7% in heating-cooling cycles under a constant external load. In turn, thermal cycling under load-free conditions resulted in an actuation of more than 10%. Good thermal insulation properties were demonstrated by thermal conductivities of 0.039 W·(m·K)−1 in the pristine state and 0.052 W·(m·K)−1 in a state after compression by 50%, respectively. Finally, three demonstrators were developed, which closed an aperture or opened it again simply by changing the temperature. The self-sufficient material behavior is particularly promising in the construction industry, where programmable air slots offer the prospect of a dynamic insulation system for an adaptive building envelope.

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Azkarate, Igor, Mikel Ayani, Juan Carlos Mugarza und Luka Eciolaza. „Petri Net-Based Semi-Compiled Code Generation for Programmable Logic Controllers“. Applied Sciences 11, Nr. 15 (03.08.2021): 7161. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11157161.

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Industrial discrete event dynamic systems (DEDSs) are commonly modeled by means of Petri nets (PNs). PNs have the capability to model behaviors such as concurrency, synchronization, and resource sharing, compared to a step transition function chart or GRAphe Fonctionnel de Commande Etape Transition (GRAFCET) which is a particular case of a PN. However, there is not an effective systematic way to implement a PN in a programmable logic controller (PLC), and so the implementation of such a controller outside a PLC in some external software that will communicate with the PLC is very common. There have been some attempts to implement PNs within a PLC, but they are dependent on how the logic of places and transitions is programmed for each application. This work proposes a novel application-independent and platform-independent PN implementation methodology. This methodology is a systematic way to implement a PN controller within industrial PLCs. A great portion of the code will be validated automatically prior to PLC implementation. Net structure and marking evolution will be checked on the basis of PN model structural analysis, and only net interpretation will be manually coded and error-prone. Thus, this methodology represents a systematic and semi-compiled PN implementation method. A use case supported by a digital twin (DT) is shown where the automated solution required by a manufacturing system is carried out and executed in two different devices for portability testing, and the scan cycle periods are compared for both approaches.

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Łabiak, Grzegorz. „The Problems of Transition Predicates Construction in Hierarchical Concurrent Controllers“. International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications 58, Nr. 4 (01.12.2012): 411–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10177-012-0056-9.

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Abstract The paper presents a problem of a transition predicates construction in hierarchical concurrent state oriented notation. The notation, called statechart diagrams or state machine, serves as a very convenient formalism for specification of a complex behavior of the embedded systems control unit. The controller specified in this way is discrete, deterministic and synchronous system which operates on binary values and can be implemented in programmable devices as a digital circuit. Well designed controller has conflict-free transitions and its concurrent transitions should be independent. In order to meet this requirements transition predicates must be pairwise both orthogonal and non-implicative. Computational complexities of the problems is equal to classic clique problem. The paper also suggests some statecharts syntactic structures solving these problems.

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Zhuo, Shuyun, Ziguang Zhao, Zhexin Xie, Yufei Hao, Yichao Xu, Tianyi Zhao, Huanjun Li et al. „Complex multiphase organohydrogels with programmable mechanics toward adaptive soft-matter machines“. Science Advances 6, Nr. 5 (Januar 2020): eaax1464. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aax1464.

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Many biological organisms can tune their mechanical properties to adapt to environments in multistable modes, but the current synthetic materials, with bistable states, have a limited ability to alter mechanical stiffness. Here, we constructed programmable organohydrogels with multistable mechanical states by an on-demand modular assembly of noneutectic phase transition components inside microrganogel inclusions. The resultant multiphase organohydrogel exhibits precisely controllable thermo-induced stepwise switching (i.e., triple, quadruple, and quintuple switching) mechanics and a self-healing property. The organohydrogel was introduced into the design of soft-matter machines, yielding a soft gripper with adaptive grasping through stiffness matching with various objects under pneumatic-thermal hybrid actuation. Meanwhile, a programmable adhesion of octopus-inspired robotic tentacles on a wide range of surface morphologies was realized. These results demonstrated the applicability of these organohydrogels in lifelike soft robotics in unconstructed and human body environments.

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Scheppler, Gwenn. „Tintin et le spectre de Totor“. Cinémas 20, Nr. 1 (17.02.2010): 135–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/039273ar.

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Résumé L’oeuvre d’Hergé, auteur de Tintin, s’est constituée parallèlement à la période de transition entre le cinéma muet et le parlant. Le cinéma des premiers temps, auquel fut exposé Hergé, n’était d’ailleurs pas aussi silencieux qu’on l’a prétendu puisque, par ses bonimenteurs, il participait à la tradition orale. Constatant que le passage vers un cinéma parlant n’est pas une simple évolution, mais bien une mutation du média cinématographique, on cherche donc à retracer selon quelles modalités la bande dessinée a pu être influencée par cette transformation. Dans cette optique, l’auteur du présent article scrute les traces de l’influence du cinéma oral sur les premiers travaux d’Hergé, et analyse l’évolution de ces travaux à l’aune de la complexité du passage au cinéma parlant. Il montre ainsi dans quelle mesure l’héritage du cinéma oral se manifeste dans les premiers albums de Tintin.

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Hu, Wei, Chang Sun, Yunxiao Ren, Shengyu Qin, Yu Shao, Lanying Zhang, Yu Wu, Qian Wang, Huai Yang und Dengke Yang. „Programmable Chromism and Photoluminescence of Spiropyran‐Based Liquid Crystalline Polymer with Tunable Glass Transition Temperature“. Angewandte Chemie 133, Nr. 35 (26.07.2021): 19555–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.202107048.

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Hu, Wei, Chang Sun, Yunxiao Ren, Shengyu Qin, Yu Shao, Lanying Zhang, Yu Wu, Qian Wang, Huai Yang und Dengke Yang. „Programmable Chromism and Photoluminescence of Spiropyran‐Based Liquid Crystalline Polymer with Tunable Glass Transition Temperature“. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 60, Nr. 35 (26.07.2021): 19406–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.202107048.

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Zhao, Yulin, Feng Liang, Xiangru Wang, Deshuang Zhao und Bing-Zhong Wang. „Tunable and programmable topological valley transport in photonic crystals with liquid crystals“. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 55, Nr. 15 (20.01.2022): 155102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/ac485d.

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Abstract Topological valley transport in photonic crystals (PCs) has attracted great attention owing to its edge modes immune to backscattering. However, flexibly dynamically controlling and reconfiguring the pathway of the topological one-way propagation is still challenging. Here, we propose a tunable and programmable valley PC structure based on nematic liquid crystals (LCs). Inversion symmetry breaking and topological transition are implemented through controlling the relative permittivity of the LC cells. Topological protection of valley edge states and valley-locked beam splitting are demonstrated. Moreover, the LC-based PC can be discretized to a number of supercells, each of which can be coded with ‘0’ or ‘1’. The wave propagation pathway can be dynamically reconfigured by programming different coding patterns.

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Andrieu de Levis, Jean-Charles. „Madriz, une revue expérimentale post-movida“. Neuróptica, Nr. 1 (24.03.2020): 67–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.26754/ojs_neuroptica/neuroptica.201914320.

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Résumé: Après la mort du général Franco en 1975, l’Espagne connait une période d’effervescence artistique sans précédent nommée la Movida Madrileña. Si le centre de cette émancipation culturelle (qui affecte aussi bien la musique, le cinéma et les arts graphiques) se situe à Madrid, c’est à Barcelone que la bande dessinée s’inscrira dans cet élan libéral à travers la revue El Víbora, au sein de laquelle s’exprime avec le plus de force l’excès caractéristique de la Movida. Pour concurrencer cette centralisation culturelle, le maire de la transition démocratique de Madrid, Tierno Galván, finance un magazine dont la direction éditoriale est confiée à l’historien et scénariste Felipe H. Cava. Madriz est née en janvier 1984 et paraît chaque mois jusqu’en février 1987. La richesse de cette revue portée sur l’expérimentation annonce les bouleversements esthétiques de la bande dessinée contemporaine. Resumen: Después de la muerte del general Franco en 1975, España experimentó un periodo de efervescencia artística sin precedentes conocido como la Movida Madrileña. Si el centro de esta emancipación cultural (que afectaba a la música, el cine y las artes gráficas) estaba en Madrid, fue en Barcelona donde el cómic formó parte de este impulso liberal a través de la revista El Víbora, dentro del cual se expresa con la mayor fuerza el exceso característico de la Movida. Para competir con esta centralización cultural, el alcalde de la transición democrática de Madrid, Tierno Galván, financió una revista cuya dirección editorial estuvo a cargo del historiador y guionista Felipe H. Cava. Madriz nació en enero de 1984 y apareció todos los meses hasta febrero de 1987. La riqueza de esta revista centrada en la experimentación anunció los trastornos estéticos de los cómics contemporáneos.

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Clapa, Damien J., Elizabeth A. Croft und Antony J. Hodgson. „Equilibrium Point Control of a 2-DOF Manipulator“. Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 128, Nr. 1 (28.11.2005): 134–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2168474.

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Programmable mechanical compliance in actuation is desirable for human interaction tasks and important for producing biomimetic motion, particularly for robots designed for use in domestic settings. In this paper, the equilibrium point (EP) hypothesis is proposed and implemented as a new strategy for controlling programmable compliance. The primary objective of this work is to design and demonstrate a simple robot control strategy that can potentially be used by assistive robots to learn and execute compliant interaction tasks from human demonstrations. A 2-DOF planar manipulator activated by McKibben actuators was constructed for the purpose of demonstrating the application of the EP hypothesis on an inexpensive robotic platform, such as might be used in domestic applications. The equilibrium angle and stiffness of each of the joints on the manipulator can be independently programmed. The results presented herein show stable and satisfactory tracking behavior during free motion, interaction, and transition tasks for a robot control system inspired by the EP hypothesis and implemented with a linear proportional-integral (PI) control strategy.

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Zhao, Jiaqin, Liang Zhang, Xiong Cheng, Jiayao Wang, Yongjin Li und Jichun You. „Programmable Transition between Adhesive/Anti-Adhesive Performances on Porous PVDF Spheres Supported by Shape Memory PLLA“. Polymers 14, Nr. 3 (19.01.2022): 374. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14030374.

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Superhydrophobic surfaces with switchable adhesive/anti-adhesive performances are highly desired but still challenging. Herein, by loading porous poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) spheres on a shape memory polylactic acid (PLLA) film, a quasi-superhydrophobic surface of composite film (PVDF@PLLA) with the ability to tailor its surface structures/composition and related adhesive behaviors was fabricated. The as-prepared surface is covered by porous PVDF spheres. The combination of hydrophobicity of PVDF and hierarchical roughness resulted from porous spheres contributing to the high contact angle and low sliding angle, corresponding to Cassie state and lotus leaves effect. Upon uniaxial or biaxial tension, the distance among hydrophobic spheres is so high that more and more hydrophilic defects (PLLA film) have been exposed to water droplets, accounting for the quasi-superhydrophobic surface with a higher sliding angle. This is the reason for the Wenzel state and rose petals effect. After heating, PLLA film recovers to its original state. The porous PVDF spheres cover the whole film again, leading to the enhanced mobility of water droplets on the surface. The transition between the rose petals effect and the lotus leaves effect is programmable and reversible. Our result provides a novel strategy to tailor adhesive behaviors by combining (quasi-)superhydrophobic surface with shape memory effect.

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Kim, Bong-Jun, Yong Wook Lee, Byung-Gyu Chae, Sun Jin Yun, Soo-Young Oh, Hyun-Tak Kim und Yong-Sik Lim. „Temperature dependence of the first-order metal-insulator transition in VO2 and programmable critical temperature sensor“. Applied Physics Letters 90, Nr. 2 (08.01.2007): 023515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2431456.

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Kim, Dowan, Haneul Kim, Eunsu Lee, Kyeong Sik Jin und Jinhwan Yoon. „Programmable Volume Phase Transition of Hydrogels Achieved by Large Thermal Hysteresis for Static-Motion Bilayer Actuators“. Chemistry of Materials 28, Nr. 23 (30.11.2016): 8807–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b04608.

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Singh, A., T. Mukhopadhyay, S. Adhikari und B. Bhattacharya. „Voltage-dependent modulation of elastic moduli in lattice metamaterials: Emergence of a programmable state-transition capability“. International Journal of Solids and Structures 208-209 (Januar 2021): 31–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2020.10.009.

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Bi, Chaobin, Lei Wang, Ruifan Li, Lin Zhao, Tianyu Xue, Chaoquan Hu, Xiaoyi Wang, Qidai Chen und Weitao Zheng. „Germanium monotelluride-based solid solutions as whole-visible dielectric-metallic-transition material platforms for programmable metasurfaces“. Acta Materialia 250 (Mai 2023): 118863. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2023.118863.

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Holzman, Samuel. „Concealing Structural Innovation in Greek Architecture: Flat-Arch Construction in the Third-Century BCE Stoa on Samothrace“. Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 82, Nr. 3 (01.09.2023): 275–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jsah.2023.82.3.275.

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Abstract New fieldwork at the Sanctuary of the Great Gods on the Greek island of Samothrace has uncovered the remains of flat arches in the Doric frieze of the Stoa, a long portico built in the second quarter of the third century BCE. The keystone frieze was used prominently in large-scale building in Rome and exemplifies how Roman architecture creatively combined Greek trabeated aesthetics with the structural potential of the arch. The keystone frieze discovered on Samothrace, however, predates by one and a half centuries examples known in Italy. This article queries whether flat relieving arches were more widely deployed in Greek architecture but have gone overlooked. Other early Hellenistic buildings on Samothrace tested the limits of stone spans and set the stage for structural innovation. The Stoa reveals a decisive transition between the relieving devices based on cantilevers used in fifth- and fourth-century BCE Athens and the wider adoption of plate-bande construction in late Republican Rome.

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Meyer, Sebastian, Zhi Yang Tan und Dmitry N. Chigrin. „Multiphysics simulations of adaptive metasurfaces at the meta-atom length scale“. Nanophotonics 9, Nr. 3 (11.02.2020): 675–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2019-0458.

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AbstractAdaptive metasurfaces (MSs) provide immense control over the phase, amplitude and propagation direction of electromagnetic waves. Adopting phase-change materials (PCMs) as an adaptive medium allows us to tune functionality of MSs at the meta-atom length scale providing full control over MS (re-)programmability. Recent experimental progress in the local switching of PCM-based MSs promises to revolutionize adaptive photonics. Novel possibilities open new challenges, one of which is a necessity to understand and be able to predict the phase transition behavior at the sub-micrometer scale. A meta-atom can be switched by a local deposition of heat using optical or electrical pulses. The deposited energy is strongly inhomogeneous and the resulting phase transition is spatially non-uniform. The drastic change of the material properties during the phase transition leads to time-dependent changes in the absorption rate and heat conduction near the meta-atom. These necessitate a self-consistent treatment of electromagnetic, thermal and phase transition processes. Here, a self-consistent multiphysics description of an optically induced phase transition in MSs is reported. The developed model is used to analyze local tuning of a perfect absorber. A detailed understanding of the phase transition at the meta-atom length scale will enable a purposeful design of programmable adaptive MSs.

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Ranjib, K. Chowdhury, A. R. K. Swamy und M. S. Krupashankara. „Investigating performance of compound heating furnace subject to heating by two elements and (Silicon Controlled Rectifier) SCR control at 1600ᴼC“. i-manager's Journal on Mechanical Engineering 12, Nr. 3 (2022): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.26634/jme.12.3.18545.

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The present research examines the performance of a resistance heating furnace using two different heating elements, Silicon Carbide (SiC) heating rods and Molybdenum Di-Silicide (MoSi2) to raise working chamber temperature to 1600ᴼC. SiC rods are used first, starting from the beginning (ambience) temperature 35ᴼC up to 1300ᴼC, followed by MoSi2 heating elements to raise chamber temperature from 1300ᴼC to set temperature at 1600ᴼC. Transition from SiC to MoSi2, heating system is uninterrupted, and swift in heating element effected by inter-locking system (an electronic device or an electro-magnetic system) without any drop in effect. The system under analysis consists of Programmable (Proportional-Integral-Derivative) PID, (Silicon Controlled Rectifier) Thyristor power pack, recrystallised alumina tubes, sensing elements: thermo-couple, Pt-Pt/13%.Rh, semiconductor based circuit that controls power and current to the system requirement (step down) and thereby control voltage automatically with transformer (depending on size of working area, and 53 amp (I), 220 V for single phase, reduced to 60V by a step down transformer) and auto current limiting facilities. Present analysis is designed for programmable and also for non-programmable type of cycles of operations set before starting the furnace within maximum working temperature of 1600ᴼC to achieve objectives, like saving of amperage (current consumption 53 amp) and power at reduced voltage (40V), long life of the heating elements (2 years and more) and optimization of thermal efficiency (60%) for high working temperature 1600ᴼC for long hours of operation in a Compound Heating Resistance (CHR) furnace.

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Javed, Mahjabeen, Seelay Tasmim, Mustafa K. Abdelrahman, Cedric P. Ambulo und Taylor H. Ware. „Degradation-Induced Actuation in Oxidation-Responsive Liquid Crystal Elastomers“. Crystals 10, Nr. 5 (25.05.2020): 420. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst10050420.

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Stimuli-responsive materials that exhibit a mechanical response to specific biological conditions are of considerable interest for responsive, implantable medical devices. Herein, we report the synthesis, processing and characterization of oxidation-responsive liquid crystal elastomers that demonstrate programmable shape changes in response to reactive oxygen species. Direct ink writing (DIW) is used to fabricate Liquid Crystal Elastomers (LCEs) with programmed molecular orientation and anisotropic mechanical properties. LCE structures were immersed in different media (oxidative, basic and saline) at body temperature to measure in vitro degradation. Oxidation-sensitive hydrophobic thioether linkages transition to hydrophilic sulfoxide and sulfone groups. The introduction of these polar moieties brings about anisotropic swelling of the polymer network in an aqueous environment, inducing complex shape changes. 3D-printed uniaxial strips exhibit 8% contraction along the nematic director and 16% orthogonal expansion in oxidative media, while printed LCEs azimuthally deform into cones 19 times their original thickness. Ultimately, these LCEs degrade completely. In contrast, LCEs subjected to basic and saline solutions showed no apparent response. These oxidation-responsive LCEs with programmable shape changes may enable a wide range of applications in target specific drug delivery systems and other diagnostic and therapeutic tools.

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Tan, H., M. Walby, W. Hennig, W. Warburton, P. Grudberg, C. Reintsema, D. Bennett, W. Doriese und J. Ullom. „A Digital Signal Processing Module for Time-Division Multiplexed Microcalorimeter Arrays“. Applied Superconductivity, IEEE Transactions on 23, Nr. 3 (Januar 2013): 2500305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tasc.2012.2236632.

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We have developed a digital signal processing module for real time processing of time-division multiplexed data from SQUID-coupled transition-edge sensor microcalorimeter arrays. It is a 3U PXI card consisting of a standardized core processor board and a daughter board. Through fiber-optic links on its front panel, the daughter board receives time-division multiplexed data (comprising error and feedback signals) and clocks from the digital-feedback cards developed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology. After mixing the error signal with the feedback signal in a field-programmable gate array, the daughter board transmits demultiplexed data to the core processor. Real-time processing in the field-programmable gate array of the core processor board includes pulse detection, pileup inspection, pulse height computation, and histogramming into on-board spectrum memory. Data from up to 128 microcalorimeter pixels can be processed by a single module in real time. Energy spectra, waveform, and run statistics data can be read out in real time through the PCI bus by a host computer at a maximum rate of ~100 MB/s. The module's hardware architecture, mechanism for synchronizing with NIST's digital-feedback, and count rate capability are presented.

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Efanov, Dmitriy Viktorovich, und Artem Valeryevich Pashukov. „Synthesis of control devices for wayside technological equipment of railway automation with fault detection on FPGA“. Transport of the Urals, Nr. 2 (2022): 31–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.20291/1815-9400-2022-2-31-41.

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The paper describes features of synthesis of control devices for wayside technological equipment of signalling, interlocking and block systems on field-programmable gate array (FPGA). In the work the authors consider the simplest example of implementation of a shunting light signal control circuit that demonstrates the synthesis technique. The most important stage is the definition of all interacting objects, input and output data, states and conditions of transition between states. Based on this initial information, a transition graph is formed. Next, a functional basis for implementation is selected (in this case, these are FPGA), and then a coding method to protect the automaton in operation is determined. In order to implement reliable and secure devices, well-known methods are used to ensure these properties for technical objects. The technique allows not only synthesizing control devices for automation objects, but also implementing software tools for their operation and test diagnostics.

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Shabanpour, Javad. „Programmable anisotropic digital metasurface for independent manipulation of dual-polarized THz waves based on a voltage-controlled phase transition of VO2 microwires“. Journal of Materials Chemistry C 8, Nr. 21 (2020): 7189–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0tc00689k.

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41

Sapaty, Peter Simon. „GRASPING SPATIAL SOLUTIONS IN DISTRIBUTED DYNAMIC WORLDS“. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS & TECHNOLOGY 3, Nr. 2 (30.10.2012): 196–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/ijct.v3i2a.2807.

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A high-level ideology and technology will be revealed that can effectively convert any distributed system (manned, unmanned or mixed) into a globally programmable spatial machine capable of operating without central resources. Compact mission scenarios in a special high-level language can start from any point, runtime covering & grasping the whole system or its parts needed, setting operational infrastructures, and orienting local and global behavior. The approach offered can be particularly useful for quick reaction on asymmetric situations and threats the world is facing, paving the way to massive use of cooperative robotics and gradual transition to unmanned systems for solving critical problems in unpredictable environments

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Kamalanathan, D., U. Russo, D. Ielmini und M. N. Kozicki. „Voltage-Driven On–Off Transition and Tradeoff With Program and Erase Current in Programmable Metallization Cell (PMC) Memory“. IEEE Electron Device Letters 30, Nr. 5 (Mai 2009): 553–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/led.2009.2016991.

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Yang, Shuai, Yang He, Yanju Liu und Jinsong Leng. „Non-contact magnetic actuated shape-programmable poly(aryl ether ketone)s and their structural variation during the deformation process“. Smart Materials and Structures 31, Nr. 3 (16.02.2022): 035035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-665x/ac4ff7.

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Abstract Here, a series of thermoplastic shape memory poly(aryl ether ketone)s (PAEKs) with programmable transition temperature were synthesized via a condensation polymerization reaction. The introduction of flexible segments and side groups onto PAEK main chains promoted the formation of the alternating rigid-flexible structures and the enhanced shape memory properties. The synthesized PAEKs exhibited the great thermal stability and strength which could greatly meet the demands in engineering applications. In addition, non-contact actuation of the shape memory behaviors of PAEKs was realized through the integration of Fe3O4 nanoparticles with magnetocaloric effect. More significantly, small-angle X-ray scattering analysis was utilized to reveal the transition of molecular chains and phase states during the stretching and heating processes. The change of internal structures and orientation of molecular chains during the deformation process might contribute to the regulation of shape memory behaviors. These studies on the fabrication of shape memory PAEKs with non-contact magnetic actuation performances and the investigation of their structural variation during the stretching and heating process were expected to open doors for the fabrication and investigation of new type of shape memory polymers.

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Chen, Xiaohu, Zuoxun Huang, Qing Yang, Xiyang Zeng, Ruqing Bai und Li Wang. „3D biodegradable shape changing composite scaffold with programmable porous structures for bone engineering“. Biomedical Materials 17, Nr. 6 (01.11.2022): 065022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-605x/aca133.

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Abstract This study developed a biodegradable composite porous polyurethane scaffold based on polycaprolactone and polyethylene glycol by sequential in-situ foaming salt leaching and freeze-drying process with responsive shape changing performance. Biomineral hydroxyapatite (HA) was introduced into the polyurethane matrix as inorganic fillers. Infrared spectroscopy results proved a successful synthesis, scanning electron microscopy showed that the scaffold’s porosity decreased with the addition of HA while the average pore size increased. X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry showed that the addition of HA lowered the melting point of the scaffold, resulting in a transition temperature close to the human body temperature. From the bending experiments, it could be demonstrated that PUHA20 has excellent shape memory performance with shape fixity ratio >98.9% and shape recovery ratio >96.2%. Interestingly, the shape-changing capacity could be influenced by the porous structures with variation of HA content. The shape recovery speed was further accelerated when the material was immersed in phosphate buffered saline at 37 °C. Additionally, in vitro mineralization experiments showed that the scaffold incorporating HA had good osteoconductivity, and implantation assessment proved that scaffolds had good in vivo biocompatibility. This scaffold is a promising candidate for implantation of bone defects.

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Filho, Jaime L. C. da C., Zoe Gonzalez Izquierdo, Andreia Saguia, Tameem Albash, Itay Hen und Marcelo S. Sarandy. „Localization transition induced by programmable disorder“. Physical Review B 105, Nr. 13 (01.04.2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.105.134201.

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Zhang, Yafei, Bo Li, Q. S. Zheng, Guy M. Genin und C. Q. Chen. „Programmable and robust static topological solitons in mechanical metamaterials“. Nature Communications 10, Nr. 1 (Dezember 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-13546-y.

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AbstractSolitary, persistent wave packets called solitons hold potential to transfer information and energy across a wide range of spatial and temporal scales in physical, chemical, and biological systems. Mechanical solitons characteristically emerge either as a single wave packet or uncorrelated propagating topological entities through space and/or time, but these are notoriously difficult to control. Here, we report a theoretical framework for programming static periodic topological solitons into a metamaterial, and demonstrate its implementation in real metamaterials computationally and experimentally. The solitons are excited by deformation localizations under quasi-static compression, and arise from buckling-induced kink-antikink bands that provide domain separation barriers. The soliton number and wavelength demonstrate a previously unreported size-dependence, due to intrinsic length scales. We identify that these unanticipated solitons stem from displacive phase transitions with periodic topological excitations captured by the well-known $${\varphi }^{4}$$φ4 theory. Results reveal pathways for robust regularizations of stochastic responses of metamaterials.

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Baroni, Raphaël, Gaëlle Kovaliv und Olivier Stucky. „La transition numérique de la bande dessinée franco-belge, une mutation impossible ?“ Belphégor, Nr. 19-1 (21.06.2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/belphegor.3948.

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Lu, Yandu, Xu Zhang, Xinping Gu, Hanzhi Lin und Anastasios Melis. „Engineering microalgae: transition from empirical design to programmable cells“. Critical Reviews in Biotechnology, 15.06.2021, 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07388551.2021.1917507.

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de la Asunción-Nadal, Victor, Daniel Rojas, Beatriz Jurado Sánchez und Alberto Escarpa. „Transition metal dichalcogenide micromotors with programmable photophoretic swarming motion“. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2ta07792b.

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Herein we report the light-triggered photophoretic motion of WS2 micromotors. The micromotors are prepared by liquid-phase exfoliation of pristine WS2 in water, resulting in a layered material with high photoconversion...

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Garanina, Natalia Olegovna, Igor Sergeevich Anureev, Vladimir Evgenievich Zyubin, Andrei Sergeevich Rozov, Tatiana Viktorovna Liakh und Sergei Gorlatch. „REASONING ABOUT PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLERS“. System Informatics, Nr. 17 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.31144/si.2307-6410.2020.n17.p33-42.

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We address the formal verification of the control software of critical systems, i.e., ensuring the absence of design errors in a system with respect to requirements. Control systems are usually based on industrial controllers, also known as Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs). A specific feature of a PLC is a scan cycle: 1) the inputs are read, 2) the PLC states change, and 3) the outputs are written. Therefore, in order to formally verify PLC, e.g., by model checking, it is necessary to reason both in terms of state transitions within a cycle and in terms of larger state transitions according to the scan-cyclic semantics. We develop a formalization of PLC as a hyperprocess transition system and an LTL-based temporal logic cycle-LTL for reasoning about PLC.

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