Dissertationen zum Thema „Balance de vorticité linéaire“
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Cortés, Morales Diego. „Large-scale Vertical Velocities in the Global Open Ocean via Linear Vorticity Balance“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024SORUS061.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAt oceanic basin scales, vertical velocities are several orders of magnitude smaller than their horizontal counterparts, rendering a formidable challenge for their direct measurement in the real ocean. Therefore, their estimations need a combination of observation-based datasets and theoretical considerations.Historically, scientists have employed various techniques to estimate vertical velocities across different scales constrained by the available observations of their time. Various approaches have been attempted, ranging from methods utilizing in situ horizontal current divergence to those based on intricate omega-type equations. However, the Sverdrup balance has captured the attention of researchers and ours due to its robust and straightforward description of ocean dynamics. One of the fundamental components of the Sverdrup balance is the linear vorticity balance (LVB: βv = f ∂z w). It introduces a novel vertical dimension to the conventional Sverdrup balance, establishing a connection between vertical movement and the meridional transport above it.In order to advance on the theoretical prospect of estimating the vertical velocities, it is primarily identified the annual and interannual timescales patterns governing the linear vorticity balance within an eddy-permitting OGCM simulation. Initially, this analysis is conducted over the North Atlantic Ocean, and subsequently expanded to encompass the entire global ocean, focusing on larger scales than 5 degrees. The analysis revealed the feasibility of computing a robust vertical velocity field beneath the mixed layer using the LVB approach across large fractions of the water column in the interior regions of tropical and subtropical gyres and within some layers of the subpolar and austral circulation. Departures from the LVB occur in the western boundary currents, strong zonal tropical flows, subpolar gyres and smaller scales due to the nonlinearities, mixing and bathymetry-driven contributions to the vorticity budget.The extensive validity of the LVB description of the global ocean provides a relatively simple foundation for estimating the vertical velocities through the indefinite depth-integrated LVB. Using an OGCM, it has demonstrated that the estimates possess the capability to accurately reproduce the time-mean amplitude and interannual variability of the vertical velocity field within substantial portions of the global ocean when compared to the reference model. Here, we build the DIOLIVE (indefinite Depth-Integrated Observation-based LInear Vorticity Estimates) product by applying the observation-based geostrophic velocities from ARMOR3D into the indefinite depth-integrated LVB formalism, with wind stress data from ERA5 serving as boundary condition at the surface. This product contains vertical velocities spanning the global ocean's thermocline at 5 degrees horizontal resolution and 40 isopycnal levels during the 1993-2018 period.A comparative analysis between the DIOLIVE product and four alternative products, including one OGCM simulation, two reanalyses and an observation-based reconstruction based on the omega equation, is conducted using various metrics assessing the vertical circulation's multidimensional features of the ocean vertical flow. The omega equation-based product displays large departures from the synchronicity and baroclinicity reproduced by the validation ensemble. However, in regions where the LVB holds as a valid assumption, the DIOLIVE product demonstrates a remarkable ability to replicate the baroclinic structure of the ocean, exhibiting satisfactory spatial consistency and notable agreement in terms of temporal variability when compared to the two reanalyses and the OGCM simulation
Ménard, Richard. „Saturation d'ondes de gravité et balance non-linéaire“. Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=65947.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAydi, Hassen. „Vorticité dans le modèle de Ginzburg-Landau de la supraconductivité“. Phd thesis, Université Paris XII Val de Marne, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00297136.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEn première partie, on prouve pour des certeins champs magnétiques appliqués $h_{ex}$ à la surface du supraconducteur de l'ordre du premier champ critique $H_{c_1}=\frac{|\log\e|}{2}$ que pour les minimiseurs périodiques de Ginzburg-Landau, le nombre des vortex par période est de l'ordre de $h_{ex}$ et leur répartition est uniforme. En outre, en prenant des champs $h_{ex}$ proches de $H_{c_1}$ de la forme $h_{ex}=H_{c_1}+f(\e)$ où $f(\e)\rightarrow +\infty$ et $f(\e)=o(|\log\e|)$, on montre que le nombre de vortex des minimiseurs périodiques par période est de l'ordre de $f(\e)$ et leur répartition est aussi uniforme.
Dans une deuxième partie, toujours dans le modèle périodique, on construit une suite de points critiques ayant des vortex répartis sur un nombre fini de lignes horizontales.
Dans une troisième partie, on construit dans le cas d'un disque une suite de points critiques telle que les vortex sont répartis sur un nombre fini de cercles concentriques de rayon strictement positif et de centre, le centre du disque. Dans le cas où il y a un seul cercle de vorticité, le rayon est bien caractérisé.
Finalement, dans un modèle de Ginzburg-Landau avec "pinning", on s'intéresse à l'étude du signe des degrés des vortex et on donne des résultats partiels indiquant que les degrés ne sont pas toujours positifs.
Seez, William. „Rotational, progressive and periodic free-surface waves : determination and stability“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0130.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn coastal zones, waves propagating at the surface of the ocean are strongly influenced by underlying shear currents. Depth-dependent velocity profiles are generated by wind blowing at the surface and friction at the bed. Considering the Euler equations for an inviscid and incompressible fluid, along with the appropriate free-surface kinematic and dynamic boundary conditions, the interaction between a two-dimensional progressive periodic free-surface wave of permanent form and an underlying current is studied. By not assuming that the velocity field derives from a scalar potential, this work extends the linear, constant vorticity, shear model to velocity profiles defined by a class of exponential vorticity functions. The two-dimensional current profiles are first shown to be linearly stable in the absence of a free-surface perturbation. The influence of the underlying shear on waves of arbitrary amplitude and depth is then studied numerically, both in the absence and presence of capillarity. Although the celerity and potential and kinetic energy of the wave are strongly influenced by the nonlinear wave steepness parameter, the effect of vorticity is shown to be non-negligible, especially for pure gravity waves. Finally, results are presented for a linear stability analysis of these finite amplitude (2D) waves under three-dimensional perturbations. It is found that the classical classes of instability corresponding to four and five wave resonances are recovered in three-dimensions in the presence of constant or depth-dependent vorticities. Finally, a mechanism is proposed for the dominant three-dimensional instability caused by the presence of an underlying shear current
Viana, Serra Villa Cristiano. „Dynamique non linéaire des rotors : Applications numériques et expérimentales à un rotor flexible“. Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2005. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/cvilla.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis deals with the dynamic behavior of rotating machinery containing the parts whose behavior is described by non linear laws. The first goal of this research is to implement methods of non linear analysis in order to solve the equations of motion of the system. Secondly, experimental studies are made with a test rig and the results are used to update a numeric model. The rotor is represented by a finite element model. To model the bearings, three models with different levels of complexity are presented, and a model where the kinematics of the rolling elements is adopted. The type of motion of interest is the steady state vibration, and to obtain this kind of solution it is advisable to use a frequential method like the Harmonic Balance Method Alternating Frequency Time (HBM AFT). This method can be implemented with an exact condensation strategy to reduce the computational time. The HBM AFT method is validated by comparing with a direct integration of a non linear Jeffcott rotor
Rojas, René. „Sur des Gouttes, Cristaux Liquides et Front“. Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00129102.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLa seconde partie est consacrée à l'étude d'une goutte déposée adiabatiquement sur un solvant plus dense. La goutte tombe dans le solvant jusqu'à une hauteur minimale, ensuite la fragmentation a lieu et les gouttelettes secondaires remontent à la surface. On a developpé un modèle théorique qui inclut l'essentiel du phénomène et prédit les échelles correctes du temps de montée et de la hauteur minimale.
La troisième partie concerne l'étude linéaire du modèle de la valve à cristaux liquides avec rétro-action optique. Elle permet de comprendre un nouveau type de structures localisées qui apparaissent comme des pics isolés sur une structure spatiale de plus faible amplitude.
Meurdefroid, Anthony. „Dynamique des structures assemblées - Amortissement non linéaire“. Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPAST029.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis is part of work related to the problems of assembled structures. After an analysis and a synthesis of the different modeling scales involved in order to determine the damping in the joints, the manuscript highlights the scales changes, i.e. model reductions. Many numerical methods are used to solve nonlinear vibration problems. The framework of the thesis being steady-state vibrations, the Harmonic Balance Method is commonplace. Here it is coupled with an original fixed point algorithm. Depending on the case study, three resolution paths are proposed. If we know everything about the behavior, the study of the complete structure can be summarized to the resolution of a differential system. The question is "how to solve it efficiently?" A comparison of four different formulations of the same problem in the time and frequency domains, with or without the regularization of hysterical forces, provides answers to this question. If this is not possible or unreasonable, then one must try to decompose the problem. One way to speed up the process is to reduce the model. For this purpose a new basis for reducing the non-linear part is introduced. Its construction is based on an energy indicator and its use is based on a chart. Finally, if the construction of this chart is impossible, it is then necessary to have a complete computation with sequential generations of dynamic charts of the sub-structure. This adaptive methodology alternates the time and frequency resolutions respectively on non-linear and linear domains in a non incremental way
Jaumouillé, Vincent. „Dynamique des structures à interfaces non linéaires : Extension des techniques de balance harmonique“. Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00670283.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMaach, Fatna. „Existence pour des systèmes de réaction-diffusion ou quasi linéaires avec loi de balance“. Nancy 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NAN10121.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThomas, Roland. „L'instabilité modulationnelle en présence de vent et d'un courant cisaillé uniforme“. Phd thesis, Aix-Marseille Université, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00716089.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePeletan, Loïc. „Stratégie de modélisation simplifiée et de résolution accélérée en dynamique non linéaire des machines tournantes : Application au contact rotor-stator“. Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00808515.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFilippis, Hugo de. „Dynamique non linéaire du contact inter-aubes de turbine : caractérisation expérimentale et simulation numérique“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ECDL0056.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWith a view of improving the performance and efficiency of the future generation of turbojet engines, and in order to comply with evolving environmental regulations concerning the various pollutants emitted by these machines, aerospace manufacturers are looking for suitable technological solutions. Among all the avenues studied by the manufacturers, increasing the rotational speed of the low-pressure turbine within the turbojet engine is envisaged to increase overall efficiency, in return for the reinforcement of complex vibratory phenomena which need to be taken into account during the design phase. In fact, the low-pressure turbine used in the LEAP generation of jet engines has the particularity of being made up of an assembly of blades whose geometry incorporates a shroud at the upper end of them. All the shrouds interlock with each other when the blades are mounted on the disc, thereby applying a static pre-load to the blades, thanks to a pre-twist angle provided for at the design stage. The function of this shroud is twofold: on the one hand, it serves to guarantee the tightness of the airfoil by limiting the fluid losses of th airflow passing through the blades, and on the other hand, it introduces frictional damping through contact between each blade fixed on the disc, thus reducing their vibration amplitude. The aim of this thesis is to reproduce the non-linear dynamic behavior of a low-pressure turbine blade on a numerical model, and to validate the results obtained using an academic experimental test bench. To this end, a bibliographical study is carried out to establish the state of the art of existing experimental test benches, their specific features, the observations made, the equipment used, etc., in order to position the academic test bench designed as part of this thesis in relation to the literature, taking into account the desired specifications. Once the design and manufacture of the test bench have been completed, the preliminary tests required for its debugging are carried out, including modal analysis of the blades and torsion tests for the calibration of strain gauges to measure the static pre-load when the blades are assembled on the test bench. Forced responses over the frequency range of the structure’s first bending mode have been achieved using step sinus excitation for different static pre-load configurations. Similarly, building the numerical model and calculating non-linear frequency responses requires an understanding and handling of specific methodologies, particularly for dealing with the non-linear forces associated with the frictional contact between the blades shrouds. An additional problem, intrinsic to the construction of the finite element model reproducing the static pre-loading by blade pre-twisting, is the non-coincidence of the meshes of the contact interfaces, necessitating firstly to constrain them to make them sufficiently regular in order to preserve the construction of node-to-node contact elements. Secondly, a method for dealing with this problem is proposed, based on a short bibliography, and taking into account the various calculation methodologies, additional frequency responses are then calculated
Hammadi, Youssef. „Réduction d'un modèle 0D instationnaire et non-linéaire de thermique habitacle pour l’optimisation énergétique des véhicules automobiles“. Thesis, Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPSLM027.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe use of automotive air conditioning leads to a fuel overconsumption. To reduce this overconsumption, we can either work upstream on the technical definitions of the cabin and the HVAC system or optimize control strategies. In both cases, it is essential to build a cabin thermal model that well balances accuracy and complexity. This is the topic of this PhD thesis driven by Renault Group. First, a model reduction methodology is used to build a 0D model starting from a 3D finite element cabin thermal model. This 0D model is based on mass and energy balances on the different cabin walls and air zones. It consists of a nonlinear differential algebraic equations system which can be reinterpreted as a Bond Graph. In addition, the 0D model is based on a weak coupling between the thermal equations and the fluid mechanics ones resulting from CFD calculations (internal airflow and external aerodynamics). Secondly, we apply a machine learning method to the data generated by the 0D model in order to build a reduced 0D model. A design of experiment is considered at this stage. Due to the nonlinearity of the heat exchanges, we have developed an approach which is inspired by the Gappy POD and EIM methods. We use a multiphysics reduced basis that takes several contributions into account (temperatures, enthalpies, heat fluxes and humidities). The resulting reduced model is a hybrid model that couples some of the original physical equations to an artificial neural network. The reduction methodology has been validated on Renault vehicles. The reduced order models have been integrated into a vehicle system-level energetic simulation platform (GREEN) which models different thermics (engine, transmission, cooling system, battery, HVAC, refrigerant circuit, underhood) in order to perform thermal management studies which are of particular importance for electric and hybrid vehicles. The reduced order models have been validated on several scenarios (temperature control for thermal comfort, driving cycles, HVAC coupling) and have achieved CPU gains of up to 99% with average errors of 0.5 °C on temperatures and 0.6% on relative humidities
Mouhali, Waleed. „Etude d'un écoulement en précession. Transition vers la turbulence et application à l'effet dynamo“. Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00490477.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBarillon, Franck. „Méthodologies de couplage fort des systèmes dynamiques : approches linéaires et non-linéaires“. Thesis, Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ECDL0012/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this thesis we studied the vibratory behaviour of a whole vehicle under engine excitation at low frequencies (0 – 50 Hz) and medium frequencies (200 – 800 Hz). The aim of the thesis was to provide numerical methodologies to take into account coupling effects between all the sub-systems constituting a whole car. In low frequencies, we used a global approach where each subsystem was characterized separately before coupling. First the car body was characterised both experimentally and numerically using a modal appropriation method that is commonly used in the aeronautic field. Numerical shapes of the modes were correlated to experimental shapes. In addition, the amplitude and frequency non linear behaviour of the engine mounts was measured on a test bench. A strong non linear behaviour was observed and stiffness – frequency – amplitude layers were constructed based on those data.Secondly, numerical methods were developed in order to calculate the coupled non linear response between the engine, the engine mounts and the car body. We used a harmonic balance method that allows calculating the non linear dynamics of complex mechanical systems. In order to apply this method to large industrial finite element models, a condensation method on non linear degrees of freedom was developed. This technique is well adapted to problems of linear structures linked together with localnon linear joints. This method was validated on the isolated engine linked to a bench by the engine mounts. Strong non linear phenomena on the rigid body modes of the engine were observed experimentally.A numerical model of the engine was developed and the HBM method allowed reproducing these non linear phenomena. Eventually, the non linear model of the whole vehicle was coupled and excited by different efforts. First we calculated the response of the assembly using the appropriation method. Then, the structure was excited by a real four – cylinder engine excitation.In medium frequencies, we presented an important study for the group Renault concerning the stiffness measurement of the engine mounts. A numerical methodology based on the FRF Based Substructuring(FBS) method was developed. This method was applied to uncouple an engine mount initially coupled to a test bench. The numerical feasibility of the method was proved and allowed to get the own vibratory behaviour of the engine mount despite coupling phenomena with the test bench
Blandeau, Mathias. „Modélisation et caractérisation de la stabilité en position assise chez les personnes vivant avec une lésion de la moelle épinière“. Thesis, Valenciennes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018VALE0021/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe ability to maintain stability in an unsupported sitting position often becomes challenging after an individuals is affected by a spinal cord injury (SCI). In order to better understand sitting postural control as a combination of active, passive and neuronal contribution, a modelling approach is chosen. Two problems arise; first of all, existing models of sitting control are very scarse and inapplicable to people living with a SCI who will use their upper in a compensatory strategy to balance their trunk. Moreover, the majority of biomechanical models nonlinear equations are linearized with small angle hypothesis for an easier processing which is not acceptable when movements become large. Recent advances in nonlinear control theory provide the theoretical tools for the creation of nonlinear observers using the Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy formalism. This work aims at the study of postural control for people living with a SCI by use of nonlinear tools from control theory; three main goals are formulated: 1. Creating new nonlinear biomechanical models aiming at the study of sitting stability of people living with SCI. 2. Using tools coming from nonlinear control theory to estimate model unmeasured variable 3. Improve the current knowledge on stability for people living with a SCI by estimating internal efforts depending on personal parameters in experimental conditions. The models created in this manuscript are, to the best of our knowledge, the first to consider the upper limbs displacement for the control of sitting stability and the first biomechanical models to use the recent advances in nonlinear control theory for the estimation of unmeasured variables
Fayolle, Jean. „Validation de données et diagnostic des procédés industriels“. Nancy 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NAN10171.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleJanyene, Abderrahmane. „Validation de données des systèmes dynamiques linéaires“. Nancy 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NAN10190.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDegbey, Octavien. „Optimisation statique hiérarchisée des systèmes de grandes dimensions : Application à l'équilibrage de bilans de mesures“. Nancy 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NAN10158.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePrelle, Thomas. „Gestion optimisée d'un modèle d'agrégation de flexibilités diffuses“. Thesis, Nantes, Ecole des Mines, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EMNA0177/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe desire to increase the share of renewable energies in the energy mix leads to an increase inshare of volatile and non-controllable energy and makes it difficult to meet the supply-demand balance. A solution to manage anyway theses energies in the current electrical grid is to deploy new energy storage and demand response systems across the country to counter balance under or over production. In order to integrate all these energies systems to the supply and demand balance process, there are gathered together within a virtual flexibility aggregation power plant which is then seen as a virtual power plant. As for any other power plant, it is necessary to compute its production plan. Firstly, we propose in this PhD thesis an architecture and management method for an aggregation power plant composed of any type of energies systems. Then, we propose algorithms to compute the production plan of any types of energy systems satisfying all theirs constraints. Finally, we propose an approach to compute the production plan of the aggregation power plant in order to maximize its financial profit while complying with all the constraints of the grid
Moulin, Johann. „On the flutter bifurcation in laminar flows : linear and nonlinear modal methods“. Thesis, Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IPPAX093.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe flutter instability has been the focus of numerous works since the middle of the twentieth century, due to its critical application in aeronautics. Flutter is classically described as a linear instability using potential flow models, but viscous and nonlinear fluid effects may both crucially impact this aeroelastic phenomenon.The first part of this thesis is devoted to the development of theoretical and numerical methods for analyzing the linear and nonlinear dynamics of a ``typical aeroelastic section'' --- a heaving and pitching spring-mounted plate --- immersed in a two-dimensional laminar flow modeled by the incompressible Navier--Stokes equations.First, we develop a semi-analytical weakly nonlinear analysis to efficiently study the small amplitude regime. Second, we develop a harmonic balance-type method, known as the Time Spectral Method (TSM), in order to tackle highly-nonlinear periodic flutter solutions. The challenging task of solving the TSM equations is tackled via a time-parallel Newton--Krylov approach in combination with a new, so-called block-circulant preconditioner.The second part of the thesis focuses on the physical investigation of the flutter bifurcation. We start by revisiting the linear stability problem using a Navier--Stokes fluid model allowing to highlight, in particular, the effect of viscosity.We continue our route on the flutter bifurcation by investigating the effect of fluid nonlinearities: low solid-to-fluid mass ratios and increasing Reynolds numbers foster subcritical bifurcations.We conclude our study by investigating the appearance of low-frequency amplitude modulations on top of a previously established periodic flutter solution. We explain this behavior by a (Floquet) linear instability of periodic solutions.The last part of the thesis aims at initiating the extension of the different methods previously evoked to large-scale three-dimensional configurations. As a first step towards this long-term goal, we develop an open-source massively parallel tool, able to perform hydrodynamic (the structure is fixed) linear stability analysis of three-dimensional flows possessing several tens of millions of degrees of freedom
Huet, Lila. „Role of electric flexibility in the future French grid with high renewable integration“. Thesis, KTH, Energiteknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-263063.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDet franska elnätets funktion beror på balansen mellan elproduktionen och efterfrågan. Transmissionssystemoperatören, RTE, ansvarar för nätets stabilitet och säkerhet. Idag följer den elektriska generationen variationerna i efterfrågan. Miljömässiga frågor är emellertid snabba för att utveckla nya strategier och strategier för energiövergång. Utvecklingen av Smart Grids, den osäkra framtiden för kärnkraftsproduktion, den massiva integrationen av förnybara källor är deras fokus. Vidare är generering av förnybara energikällor intermittent och kan inte kontrolleras. Den nuvarande strategin för balans mellan produktion och efterfrågan utmanas. Elnätet måste justeras genom att lägga till mer elektrisk flexibilitet för att säkerställa stabiliteten. Den elektriska flexibiliteten är vanligtvis förknippad med lagringsteknik som batterier eller pumpstationer. En allmänt erkända tekniska används för att definiera denna uppfattning och att utvärdera den tekniska och ekonomiska mognaden hos olika elektriska flexibilitetsvektorer. Följande undersökningar grundar sig på ett urval av framtida scenarier, utvecklingsplaner som redan lanserats i Frankrike, och föreslår en betydande andel förnybara energikällor i en framtida energimix och nuvarande franska energidata. Två studier utfördes på olika perimetrar: på Bretagne-regionen och i Frankrike. En utvärdering vid 2050 utförs för att bestämma belastningsfaktorerna för intermittent energi, förbrukning och återstående efterfrågan i Bretagne. På grundval av dessa framtida uppskattningar kan ett behov av elektrisk flexibilitet bestämmas för Bretagne-regionen. Denna första studie lyfter fram ett problem som rör framtida behov av elektrisk flexibilitet. Men eftersom balansen mellan produktion och konsumtion uppnås på nationell nivå krävs en andra studie om Frankrike. Det franska behovet av elektrisk flexibilitet uppskattas sedan genom en linjär optimering som utvärderar den energiproduktion som krävs för att uppnå en generation / konsumtionsbalans med hänsyn tagen till energikällans meriteringsordning.
Le fonctionnement du réseau électrique français repose sur l’équilibre entre la production et la consommation d’électricité. Le gestionnaire du réseau de transport, RTE, est responsable de la stabilité et de la sécurité du réseau. Aujourd’hui, la production électrique s’adapte aux variations de la consommation. Cependant, des préoccupations environnementales incitent à la mise en place de nouvelles stratégies et politiques pour la transition énergétique. Le développement d’un réseau intelligent, l’avenir incertain du nucléaire et l’intégration massive d’énergies renouvelables sont au centre de celles-ci. De plus, la production électrique des énergies renouvelables s’avère intermittente et fatale. La stratégie actuelle du maintien de l’équilibre production/consommation est remise en question. Le système électrique doit être repensé en y intégrant plus de flexibilité électrique pour en garantir la stabilité. La flexibilité électrique est usuellement associée aux technologies de stockage comme les batteries électrochimiques et les STEP hydrauliques. Un état de l’art permet de définir précisément cette notion et d’évaluer la maturité technologique et économique en France de ces différents vecteurs de flexibilité électrique. L’objet des recherches suivantes est basé sur une sélection de scénarios prospectifs, de plans de développement d’ores et déjà lancés en France, proposant une part importante d’énergies renouvelables dans un futur mix énergétique et des données énergétiques actuelles françaises. Deux études ont été menées sur différents périmètres : sur la région Bretagne et sur la France entière. Une évaluation à 2050 est effectuée pour déterminer facteurs de charge des énergies intermittentes, consommation et demande résiduelle en Bretagne. A partir de ces estimations prospectives, un besoin en flexibilité peut être déterminé sur le périmètre de la Bretagne. Cette première étude permet de mettre en exergue une problématique liée aux futurs besoins de flexibilité électrique. Cependant, l’équilibre entre production et consommation étant réalisé à un niveau national, une seconde étude sur le périmètre français est nécessaire. Le besoin français en flexibilité est alors estimé par le biais d’une optimisation linéaire qui évalue la production énergétique nécessaire pour obtenir un équilibre production/consommation en tenant compte de la préséance économique.
Karkar, Sami. „Méthodes numériques pour les systèmes dynamiques non linéaires : application aux instruments de musique auto-oscillants“. Phd thesis, Aix-Marseille Université, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00742651.
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