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1
Tsai, Wen Po, Hui Wen Liao, Ho Ji Chen und Kuo Chang Jane. „A Research of Reservoir Sediment Solidification Using Biotechnology“. Advanced Materials Research 610-613 (Dezember 2012): 2761–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.610-613.2761.
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At the end of 2010, almost all reservoirs in Taiwan have sedimentation problem. Sedimentation in major reservoirs, such as Wushoh reservoir, had reached 63.73% of its storage capacity in 2009, and must undergo dredging. However, agencies responsible for the final processing stages of reservoir sediments failed to come up with a breakthrough. Limitations established by environmental protection laws also hindered proper dredging of the reservoirs. Hence, further investigation was required for solidifying and reusing reservoir sediments. This research focused on the reuse of Wushoh reservoir sediments. Experimental results showed that when bacteria Bacillus Pastuerii(B.P.) was utilized in sediment solidification, higher bacterial concentrations could induce higher sedimentation of calcium carbonate. In a 70% Urea-CaCl2 medium, a bacterial concentration of 100% resulted in the highest compressive strength that was 30% higher than the control group (bacterial concentration of 0%). Therefore, bacteria can be used to solidify sediments and improve compressive strength. In specimens treated with higher concentrations of bacteria, more square and polygonal crystals were observed via SEM. X-ray powder diffractometer (XRD) analysis showed that bacteria-treated sediments contained calcium carbonate crystals in every stage of processing. Hence, it was shown that bacteria can promote solidification by inducing calcium carbonate sedimentation.
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Sanchez, Jorge E., Erica L. Jacovetty, Bridget Carragher, Clinton S. Potter und Rebecca E. Taurog. „Introducing Students to Research: Electron Microscopy of Bacteriophages“. Microscopy Today 18, Nr. 4 (Juli 2010): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929510000416.
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Bacteriophages, as the name “bacteria-eater” suggests, are viruses that infect bacteria. Bacteriophages, often abbreviated as “phages,” have receptors that bind to specific bacterial species, thus there are many types of bacteriophages. Once a phage interacts with its target bacterium, the phage injects its genetic material into the bacterial host where the phage is replicated to produce many new phages that then leave the host via cell lysis.
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Scolnik, P. A., und B. L. Marrs. „Genetic Research with Photosynthetic Bacteria“. Annual Review of Microbiology 41, Nr. 1 (Oktober 1987): 703–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.mi.41.100187.003415.
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Sheldon, Tony. „Europe to standardize bacteria research“. Nature Medicine 7, Nr. 6 (Juni 2001): 645. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/88987.
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Felton, Michael. „Research Profiles: Accurately identifying bacteria“. Analytical Chemistry 75, Nr. 7 (April 2003): 143 A. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac0312817.
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Zhou, De Ming, He Li, Rong Li, Dan Xue Zhu und Yi Ming Tan. „Research on the Preparation of Fir Bacterial Fertilizer Using Biological Material“. Advanced Materials Research 590 (November 2012): 100–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.590.100.
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The azotobacter bacteria and the phosphate-solubilizing bacteria are separated and filtered from the rhizosphere soil of the fir plantation and the enzyme activity of azotobacter bacteria, the solubilizing power of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and the characteristics of PGPR bacteria to produce IAA are measured in this paper. The results show that: there are 5 of the 16 azotobacter bacteria whose enzyme activity is greater than 150 nmol•mL-1•h-1, respectively NGJ-4, NGX-5, NGX-4, NGX-8 and NGJ-8. Py16, Py10 and Py3 own the strongest capacity to dissolve organic phosphorus, respectively 71.31 mg / L, 59.07 mg of / L and 65.14 mg / L; Pw10，Pw6 and Pw20 own the strongest capacity to dissolve inorganic phosphorus, respectively 232.0 mg/L，185.9 mg/L，172.6 mg/L. Py18，Py16 and Py3 own the strongest capacity to produce IAA and dissolve the organic phosphorus bacteria, respectively 38.80mg / L, and 37.29mg / L, and 35.79mg / L; Pw6, Pw8 and Pw21 own the strongest capacity to produce IAA and dissolve the inorganic phosphorus bacteria, respectively 45.340 mg/L, 39.340 mg/L, 27.480 mg/ L. Based on these results, the strains of NGJ-4, NGX-5 and NGJ-8 are selected to prepare the microbial compound bacterial fertilizer using Py16, Py3 and Pw6. Then the azotobacter bacteria, organic phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and inorganic phosphate-solubilizing bacteria is respectively diluted to the solution with the ratio of 15%, and then mix them with the volume proportion of 1.5:1:1 to obtain the mixed bacteria liquid; the proportion of solid carrier ash is 20%, the proportion of fermentation medium is 50%, and the proportion of the mixed bacteria liquid is 30%.
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Sun, Yue, Lingxian Meng, Yuxin Zhang, Dan Zhao und Yunfeng Lin. „The Application of Nucleic Acids and Nucleic Acid Materials in Antimicrobial Research“. Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy 16, Nr. 1 (01.12.2021): 66–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1574888x15666200521084417.
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Due to the misuse of antibiotics, multiple drug-resistant pathogenic bacteria have increasingly emerged. This has increased the difficulty of treatment as these bacteria directly affect public health by diminishing the potency of existing antibiotics. Developing alternative therapeutic strategies is the urgent need to reduce the mortality and morbidity related to drug-resistant bacterial infections. In the past 10 to 20 years, nanomedicines have been widely studied and applied as an antibacterial agent. They have become a novel tool for fighting resistant bacteria. The most common innovative substances, metal and metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs), have been widely reported. Until recently, DNA nanostructures were used alone or functionalized with specific DNA sequences by many scholars for antimicrobial purposes which were alternatively selected as therapy for severe bacterial infections. These are a potential candidate for treatments and have a considerable role in killing antibiotic-resistant bacteria. This review involves the dimensions of multidrug resistance and the mechanism of bacteria developing drug resistance. The importance of this article is that we summarized the current study of nano-materials based on nucleic acids in antimicrobial use. Meanwhile, the current progress and the present obstacles for their antibacterial and therapeutic use and special function of stem cells in this field are also discussed.
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Pühler, Alfred, Matthieu Arlat, Anke Becker, Michael Göttfert, John P. Morrissey und Fergal O’Gara. „What can bacterial genome research teach us about bacteria–plant interactions?“ Current Opinion in Plant Biology 7, Nr. 2 (April 2004): 137–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pbi.2004.01.009.
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Seely, Kevin D., Amanda D. Morgan, Lauren D. Hagenstein, Garrett M. Florey und James M. Small. „Bacterial Involvement in Progression and Metastasis of Colorectal Neoplasia“. Cancers 14, Nr. 4 (17.02.2022): 1019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14041019.
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While the gut microbiome is composed of numerous bacteria, specific bacteria within the gut may play a significant role in carcinogenesis, progression, and metastasis of colorectal carcinoma (CRC). Certain microbial species are known to be associated with specific cancers; however, the interrelationship between bacteria and metastasis is still enigmatic. Mounting evidence suggests that bacteria participate in cancer organotropism during solid tumor metastasis. A critical review of the literature was conducted to better characterize what is known about bacteria populating a distant site and whether a tumor depends upon the same microenvironment during or after metastasis. The processes of carcinogenesis, tumor growth and metastatic spread in the setting of bacterial infection were examined in detail. The literature was scrutinized to discover the role of the lymphatic and venous systems in tumor metastasis and how microbes affect these processes. Some bacteria have a potent ability to enhance epithelial–mesenchymal transition, a critical step in the metastatic cascade. Bacteria also can modify the microenvironment and the local immune profile at a metastatic site. Early targeted antibiotic therapy should be further investigated as a measure to prevent metastatic spread in the setting of bacterial infection.
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Decker, Amanda R., Tetsuhiro Harimoto, Steve A. Sastra, Tal Danino und Kenneth Olive. „Abstract B028: Bacterial cytotoxin therapy limits tumor growth for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma“. Cancer Research 82, Nr. 22_Supplement (15.11.2022): B028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.panca22-b028.
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Abstract Treating pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) with systemic chemotherapeutic drugs has remained a challenge, due in part to the hypovascularized and poorly perfused nature of PDAC tumors, impeding the accumulation of systemically delivered drugs. Several clinical trials aimed at improving drug delivery in PDAC, through targeting of ECM components (HALO-301) or stromal angiogenic signaling (IPI-926-03) have unfortunately not been effective. However, the features that have interfered with systemic therapy in PDAC are potential advantages for the use of bacterial therapies, as bacteria can actively migrate through tissues, thrive in hypoxic microenvironments, and benefit from local immune suppression. Recent developments in the field of synthetic biology have made it possible to engineer complex logic circuits into bacteria, enabling the production of anticancer therapies directly within the tumor parenchyma. Furthermore, live bacteria, once colonized within the tumor niche, are capable of providing a stable source of anticancer compounds directly, rather than relying on repeated systemic doses. We have therefore worked to develop novel bacterial strains and demonstrate preclinical efficacy of a novel strain of therapeutic bacteria for targeting PDAC. We began by testing a range of bacteria-produced toxins and identified the pore-forming protein theta toxin as having the greatest effect in both 2D cell culture and PDAC explant (tissue slice) models. We then engineered a non-toxic probiotic bacteria, E. coli Nissle 1917, to produce either theta toxin or GFP following induction with acyl-homoserine lactone (AHL). To assess preclinical efficacy, we performed intratumoral injections of live GFP- and theta-expressing bacteria into the “KPC” genetically engineered mouse model (Kras LSL.G12D/+; Tp53 LSL.R172H/+; PdxCre tg/+). While GFP-producing bacteria did not induce a change in tumor growth kinetics, treatment with theta toxin-producing bacteria demonstrated prolonged stabilization of tumor growth, increasing the doubling time from 13.7 days (GFP) to 32.5 days (theta) without additional therapy. Indeed, one theta-treated KPC animal lived 113 days following a single bacterial injection, compared to a median of ~12 days for vehicle- or gemcitabine-treated historical controls. Histological analyses demonstrated that diffuse populations of bacteria co-localized with regions of tumor necrosis and cell death, but that bacterial presence and evidence of increased cell death was not observed in healthy tissues, such as the lung, liver, intestine, and diaphragm. Strikingly, while there was minimal spread of bacteria to non-tumor tissues, we observed translocation of the bacteria to regions of liver metastases and distant papillomas following injection of the primary pancreatic tumor, suggesting a mechanism for targeting both known and unknown metastases following local administration. Together these studies demonstrate potent preclinical activity of cytotoxic bacterial therapy as a novel strategy to circumvent the challenges of systemic treatment of PDAC. Citation Format: Amanda R. Decker, Tetsuhiro Harimoto, Steve A. Sastra, Tal Danino, Kenneth Olive. Bacterial cytotoxin therapy limits tumor growth for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer; 2022 Sep 13-16; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(22 Suppl):Abstract nr B028.
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Yust-Katz, Shlomit, Elinor Gigi, Deborah Rosenberg, Andrew A. Kanner, Yoseph Laviv, Alexandra Benouaich-Amiel, Tali Siegal, Adva Levi Barda und Ravid Straussman. „TAMI-40. TUMOR MICROBIOME AND GLIOBLASTOMA (GBM)“. Neuro-Oncology 22, Supplement_2 (November 2020): ii221—ii222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noaa215.928.
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Abstract Bacteria have been found to play major roles in many physiologic/disease processes including cancer. The presence of bacteria within brain tumors has never been explored. The aim of this study was to examine the microbiome of Glioblastoma. A cohort of 40 glioblastoma samples (FFPE), from two medical centers served for DNA extraction using a specialized extraction protocol that includes a bead beating step to ensure complete bacterial DNA recovery. A set of negative controls was introduced at different steps of the assay to identify and monitor contaminating bacterial DNA. We measured the levels of bacterial DNA in the samples using a RT-qPCR assay, amplifying the bacterial 16S rRNA gene and detected bacterial DNA in over 40% of the samples. To characterize the bacterial taxa that are present in GBM tumors, we applied 16S DNA sequencing on the samples. After implementing a stringent set of filters on the sequencing data, eliminating contaminating signal, we detected a total of 22 bacterial taxa in GBM tumors. To visualize bacteria in GBM tissues and learn about their localization within the tissue we used immunohistochemistry staining with anti-lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and anti-lipoteichoic acid (LTA) antibodies detecting gram negative and gram positive bacteria (correspondingly). Bacteria were also visualized by staining bacterial RNA using a 16S rRNA in situ hybridization assay. Staining of a human GBM tissue microarray (TMA) containing 32 cases of GBM showed that the majority of cases stained positive for LPS and ~40% were positive for 16S rRNA staining. Bacterial LPS and 16S rRNA were localized mainly inside the tumor cells. Our study demonstrates, for the first time, that bacteria or bacterial components are present in human Glioblastoma tumors. We are currently expanding our study cohort in order to better define the bacteria found within glioblastoma samples and assess their possible effects
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Wei, Xianyuan, Meng Du, Zhiyi Chen und Zhen Yuan. „Recent Advances in Bacteria-Based Cancer Treatment“. Cancers 14, Nr. 19 (09.10.2022): 4945. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14194945.
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Owing to its unique mechanism of abundant pathogen-associated molecular patterns in antitumor immune responses, bacteria-based cancer immunotherapy has recently attracted wide attention. Compared to traditional cancer treatments such as surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and phototherapy, bacteria-based cancer immunotherapy exhibits the versatile capabilities for suppressing cancer thanks to its preferentially accumulating and proliferating within tumors. In particular, bacteria have demonstrated their anticancer effect through the toxins, and other active components from the cell membrane, cell wall, and dormant spores. More importantly, the design of engineering bacteria with detoxification and specificity is essential for the efficacy of bacteria-based cancer therapeutics. Meanwhile, bacteria can deliver the cytokines, antibody, and other anticancer theranostic nanoparticles to tumor microenvironments by regulating the expression of the bacterial genes or chemical and physical loading. In this review, we illustrate that naïve bacteria and their components can serve as robust theranostic agents for cancer eradication. In addition, we summarize the recent advances in efficient antitumor treatments by genetically engineering bacteria and bacteria-based nanoparticles. Further, possible future perspectives in bacteria-based cancer immunotherapy are also inspected.
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Keller, Robert, Ruth Keist und John E. Gustafson. „Antitumor activity of bacteria and bacterial products: enhancement of the tumor-protective effect of bacteria by lipoteichoic acid“. Cancer Letters 82, Nr. 1 (Juli 1994): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3835(94)90152-x.
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Astriani, Meli. „PENGGUNAAN STRATEGI INKUIRI DALAM PEMBELAJARAN ISOLASI BAKTERI ASAL MOL DAN PENERAPANNYA SEBAGAI PUPUK HAYATI“. Florea : Jurnal Biologi dan Pembelajarannya 4, Nr. 1 (28.04.2017): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.25273/florea.v4i1.1058.
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This study aims to utilize household waste and used MOL (Micro-Organism-Local). MOL is used to assist the process of decomposition in composting. This study aims to isolate the bacterial origin of MOL with media of different organic materials and the application of the isolated bacteria as a biological fertilizer. Stages of research involved isolating bacteria from MOL vegetables, then do purification. The next stage is to identify the bacteria colony morphology that includes forms, cells, and Gram. This research is expected to contribute to the field, namely: the development of science, research methodology. First, for science to improve information research methods, research for further development activities for people who have an interest in the processing of biological fertilizers and organic fertilizers. Second, the methodology how to obtain microbes for use in applied research. The results were obtained bacterial isolates were collected from three kinds of treatment samples MOL namely MOL to-I (waste vegetable, sugar, rice water), II (vegetable waste, brown sugar, rice water), and III (waste vegetable, sugar sand, coconut water). The result of the isolation and purification of bacteria obtained amounted to 79 types of bacterial isolates comprising 23 species of bacteria from the sample MOL to-1, 30 species of bacteria from the sample to the MOL-II, and 24 types of bacteria from the sample to-III. Overall the data obtained from the sample to the MOL-I, II, and III of the highest number of bacterial cells present in the sample to the MOL-II with a number of types of bacteria most. This type of bacteria that is known at the time T0, T1.
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Boon, PI. „Antibiotic resistance of aquatic bacteria and it's implications for limnological research“. Marine and Freshwater Research 43, Nr. 4 (1992): 847. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9920847.
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The antibiotic resistance of bacteria from the water column of various rivers and billabongs in north-eastern Victoria was studied during 1988-91. Two indices were used as measures of resistance: conventional disc-sensitivity tests with culturable bacteria, and the effect of antibiotics on the uptake of 14C-glucose and 14C-amino acids by native bacterial assemblages. Culturable bacteria were resistant to ampicillin, methicillin and penicillin but generally sensitive to nalidixic acid, neomycin, streptomycin, sulfafurazole and tetracycline. Responses to chloramphenicol, erythromycin, nitrofurantoin and sulfamethizole were variable. Bacteria isolated from rivers were more resistant to antibiotics than were those isolated from billabongs. Methicillin, even at 200 mg L-1, had little effect on the uptake of 14C-labelled compounds. Nalidic acid (20 mg L-1) also was ineffective unless lengthy pre-incubations (24 h) were used. Chloramphenicol and tetracycline at 20 mg L-1 markedly reduced amino acid uptake but not glucose uptake. The widespread antibiotic resistance of aquatic bacteria casts doubt on the suitability of these compounds to selectively inhibit the prokaryotic component in ecological studies and may be cause for concern regarding the spread of antibiotic resistance through natural aquatic communities.
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Siedlecka, Agata, und Katarzyna Piekarska. „Antibiotic resistance in tap water during the summer season – preliminary research“. E3S Web of Conferences 116 (2019): 00077. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911600077.
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Antibiotic resistance of bacteria is regarded as a global health risk and should be monitored in all environments, including tap water distribution systems. In this study, tap water samples were collected from two water treatment plants and selected points-of-use from the water distribution network. The abundances of antibiotic resistant bacteria were determined via culture-dependent method and the presence of selected antibiotic resistance genes was detected via PCR. The influence of the distance of points-of-use from water treatment plants on bacterial loads and antibiotic resistance phenomenon was evaluated. The paper presents preliminary results of a large-scale study concerning spatial and seasonal variation in antibiotic resistance of bacteria dwelling in the tap water system in Wrocław.
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Duncan, Margaret J. „Genomics of Oral Bacteria“. Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine 14, Nr. 3 (Mai 2003): 175–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154411130301400303.
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Advances in bacterial genetics came with the discovery of the genetic code, followed by the development of recombinant DNA technologies. Now the field is undergoing a new revolution because of investigators’ ability to sequence and assemble complete bacterial genomes. Over 200 genome projects have been completed or are in progress, and the oral microbiology research community has benefited through projects for oral bacteria and their non-oral-pathogen relatives. This review describes features of several oral bacterial genomes, and emphasizes the themes of species relationships, comparative genomics, and lateral gene transfer. Genomics is having a broad impact on basic research in microbial pathogenesis, and will lead to new approaches in clinical research and therapeutics. The oral microbiota is a unique community especially suited for new challenges to sequence the metagenomes of microbial consortia, and the genomes of uncultivable bacteria.
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DENG, Jianming, Yong TAO, Daping LI und Juan DONG. „Advances in Research of Algicidal Bacteria*“. Chinese Journal of Appplied Environmental Biology 2009, Nr. 6 (27.01.2010): 895–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1145.2009.00895.
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Guo, Linlin. „Bacteria in rheumatoid arthritis biomarker research“. European Journal of BioMedical Research 3, Nr. 3 (31.12.2017): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.18088/ejbmr.3.3.2017.pp6-8.
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王, 琳. „Research Status of Hydrogen-Oxidizing Bacteria“. International Journal of Ecology 08, Nr. 02 (2019): 130–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/ije.2019.82017.
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Xiaoping, Zhang, und Yu Xiangmin. „Research Progress on Drug-Resistant Bacteria“. International Journal of Sciences 8, Nr. 06 (2019): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.18483/ijsci.2079.
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ZHANG, Ling-Hua. „The function of plant-associated bacterial genome research on bacteria-plant interactions“. HEREDITAS 29, Nr. 06 (2007): 675. http://dx.doi.org/10.1360/yc-007-0675.
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Xu, Jia Ning, und Hong Ying Yang. „Electrochemical Research on N-Type and P-Type Semiconductor Pyrite“. Advanced Materials Research 1130 (November 2015): 179–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1130.179.
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Studies on cyclic voltammetry, Tafel polarization curve and DFT calculations on N type and P type semiconductor pyrite in or out of bacterial solution were carried out. Cyclic voltammetry showed that the effect of bacterial was not simply in enrich the Fe3+ in the EPS. Tafel polarization curve research showed that bacteria can enhance the oxidation reaction sharply, no matter in the Fe3+ solution and in the bacteria solution, the corrosion current of N type pyrite was much bigger than that of P type pyrite. The DFT calculation shows that containing one Ni or Co atom means a more stable property, containing one As atom meaning a less stable property. However, an energy band around 5eV occurred in N type pyrite (contained Cu or Ni) meaning that N type pyrite is easier to be oxidation than P type pyrite.
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Wong, Michael, Yi Wang, Hao Wang, April K. Marrone, Shanil P. Haugen, Kaumudi Kulkarni, Ralph Basile und K. Scott Phillips. „RESEARCH: Fluorescence Microscopy–Based Protocol for Detecting Residual Bacteria on Medical Devices“. Biomedical Instrumentation & Technology 54, Nr. 6 (01.11.2020): 397–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.2345/0899-8205-54.6.397.
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Standard methods are needed to reliably and efficiently assess bacterial contamination of processed medical devices. This article demonstrates a standard operating procedure (SOP) for fluorescence microscopy–based detection of residual bacteria on medical devices (BAC-VIS). BAC-VIS uses a 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) stain with fluorescent microscopy to quickly and cost-effectively detect bacterial contamination of processed medical device parts. The BAC-VIS protocol was optimized and achieved greater than 80% staining efficiency and a signal-to-noise ratio of more than 20 using four representative organisms. The SOP was first validated for use on a buildup biofilm model, accessory channels of contaminated clinically used devices, and inoculated endoscope end caps and O-rings. The buildup biofilm model was used to evaluate BAC-VIS after repeated treatment of adherent bacteria with three common high-level disinfectants: glutaraldehyde, ortho-phthalaldehyde, and peracetic acid. Next, BAC-VIS was used to assess clinically used endoscope parts that cultured positive for Gram-negative bacteria. DAPI-stained cells were found on all culture-positive devices, especially in grooves and imperfections on the surface. Finally, BAC-VIS was used to detect bacteria on inoculated endoscope device components. The results showed potential for BAC-VIS to be a valuable tool for industry and academic/medical researchers for investigations of contaminated medical devices. Results obtained using BAC-VIS can increase understanding of the role of design in cleanability, wear, and prevention of contamination and may lead to improvements in materials and design that could make processed endoscope use safer for patients. Of note, this protocol is not for detecting bacteria on scopes or scope parts that will be put back into clinical use.
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Denny Chandra Halid. „THE EFFECTIVENESS TEST OF MATOA (PometiaPinnata) ENDOPHYTIC BACTERIA TOWARDS BACTERIA NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION“. Journal of Health, Technology and Science (JHTS) 1, Nr. 1 (28.09.2020): 37–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.47918/jhts.v1i1.23.
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This study aims to determine the effectiveness of Matoa (Pometiapin-nata) endophytic bacteria towards bacteria nosocomial infection namely Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus epidermidis. The subjects in the study were Matoa plant endophytic bacterial isolates on the stem (tw-igs). The positive control used is meropenem & negative control of aquades.
This type of research uses quasi-experiments with a research design us-ing the One-Group Time-Series Design.
The result of the study shows that there are 2 endophytic bacterial iso-lates in Matoa plants namely BEM 1 and BEM 2. Both endophytic bacterial isolates can kill and inhibits bacterial nosocomial infections Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus epider-midis with inhibition zones in the range of 16mm-22mm with a strong category very strong that it has the po-tential to be used as an antibacterial
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Wang, Xin, Hong Ying Yang, Lin Lin Tong, Zhe Nan Jin und Su Xing Zhao. „Research on Bio-Leaching of Nickel-Bearing Tailings in Jilin, China“. Solid State Phenomena 262 (August 2017): 177–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.262.177.
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Gradually bio-metallurgy technology is becoming an irreplaceable new technology. The nickel-bearing tailings in Jilin, China contains Ni 0.13 %, Cu 0.03%, Co 0.01%, S 15.20%, Fe 6.30%. A comparative study of the HQ0211 bacteria, indigenous bacteria (after the domestication named ZXJE511 bacteria) and acid pool leaching revealed that the local species ore leaching was preferably the best way. At pH 2.0, room temperature (about 23°C), pulp density 20%,the Ni, Co and Cu leaching rates were 70.08%, 40% and 57.67 % , respectively ,after 38 days of bioleaching, proving the superiority of the bacterial leaching of Ni, Co, Cu from tailings. Biological leaching tailings solved the problem of the conventional methods which could not be addressed by acid leaching. This technology is environmentally friendly and can make maximum use of the resources, thereby avoiding the waste of the resources.
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Sepriana, Citra, und Eti Sumiati. „Identifikasi Dan Uji Daya Hambat Isolat Bakteri Endofit Bunga Tanaman Cengkeh (Syzygium aromaticum L.) Terhadap Bakteri Patogen“. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA 6, Nr. 1 (29.01.2020): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v6i1.340.
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This research was conducted to find out the capabilities of endophytic bacteria isolated from flowers of the clove plants in inhibiting the growth of bacteria Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli and to identify endophytic bacteria that potensial to produce an antibacterial. Stages of this research include the isolation of endophytic bacteria from flowers of the clove plants, antibacterial test, and molecular identification based on 16S rRNA. Isolates of endophytic bacterial of clove plants flower produce 5 isolates, 4 isolate inhibited the bacteria S. aureus. Based on 16S rRNA molecular identification, endophytic bacterial isolates of clove plants flower which have inhibitory closely related to Bacillus amyloliquefasiens, Staphylococcus epidermidis 1034 MPA and Bacillus cereus JL.
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Missa, Hildegardis, Aloysius Djalo und Sardina Ndukang. „Endophy Bacterial Phenoty of Aloe Vera (Aloe barbadensis miller) as the Producer of Antibacterial Compounds Towards Eschericia coli and Staphylococcus aureus“. EKSAKTA: Berkala Ilmiah Bidang MIPA 23, Nr. 03 (12.09.2022): 198–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/eksakta/vol23-iss03/329.
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The aims of this research are to isolate endophytic bacteria in aloe vera, to determine the antibacterial ability of endophytic bacteria contained in aloe vera against the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria and to determine the characterization of endophytic bacteria found in aloe vera. This research is a laboratory experimental study with research procedures, namely sampling by purposive sampling method, isolation of endophytic bacteria carried out by strake plate, antibacterial potential test against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli using paper disc diffusion method, Morphological identification was carried out by staining bacteria gram, Phenotypic characterization of endophytic bacteria using Profile matching method. The results showed that endophytic bacteria found in aloe vera leaves were characterized by the growth of bacterial colonies on Murashige-Skoog (MS) media with different shapes and colors, the results of the antibacterial potential of endophytes against the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus showed that there were 6 bacterial isolates that showed clear zones in Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria and characterization results showed that isolates H2L, H9L and H10L had similar genera to Staphylococcus and Bacillus while isolates H4L, H5L and H7L had similar genera to Pseudomonas.
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Decker, Amanda R., Tetsuhiro Harimoto, Steve A. Sastra, Tal Danino und Kenneth P. Olive. „Abstract PO-033: Bacterial cytotoxin therapy limits tumor growth for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma“. Cancer Research 81, Nr. 22_Supplement (15.11.2021): PO—033—PO—033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.panca21-po-033.
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Abstract Treating pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) with systemic chemotherapeutic drugs has remained a challenge, due in part to the hypovascularized and poorly perfused nature of PDAC tumors. Limited blood flow within the tumor tissue creates an extremely hypoxic microenvironment and impedes the accumulation of drugs. Moreover, local immunosuppression in PDAC has so far limited the efficacy of immunotherapy approaches. However, these very features that have interfered with systemic therapy in PDAC (hypoperfusion, hypoxia, and immunosuppression) are potential advantages for the use of bacterial therapies. Bacteria have been used as a directed cancer therapy for over 100 years, starting with Dr. William Coley’s use of heat killed bacteria (Coley’s Toxin) against sarcomas in 1893. Recent developments in the field of synthetic biology have made it possible to engineer complex logical circuits into bacteria, enabling the manufacture of anticancer therapies directly within the tumor parenchyma. Bacteria can actively migrate through tissues, they can thrive in hypoxic microenvironments, and they benefit from the local immune suppression. We have therefore worked to develop novel bacterial strains for targeting PDAC. We began by testing a range of bacteria-derived toxins that could be used as a payload to target PDAC. These toxins were produced by an engineered strain of a non-toxic, probiotic E. coli Nissle 1917. We identified four pore-forming toxins that significantly reduced viability of the cells compared to bacterially produced GFP: hemolysin E, heat stable enterotoxin, magainin, and theta toxin. We then performed a secondary screen using a novel PDAC explant model system developed in our lab, in which thick slices of murine or human PDAC are culture intact for up to 7 days. Consistent with the monolayer screen, two of the candidate compounds, heat stable enterotoxin and theta toxin, significantly increased tissue death compared to non-toxic GFP-producing bacteria. Finally, we delivered live bacteria producing either toxins or GFP into KPC mouse tumors through intratumoral injection. While GFP-producing strains did not induce a change in tumor growth kinetics, theta toxin treatment demonstrated an immediate, prolonged stabilization of tumor volume for more than a month. Histological analyses of treated tumors demonstrated that diffuse populations of bacteria co-localized with regions of tumor necrosis and cell death. Most interestingly, while there was minimal spread of bacteria to healthy non-target tissues, translocation of the bacteria did occur to regions of liver metastases and secondary papilloma tumors, suggesting a mechanism for diffuse treatment of known and unknown metastases following the initial treatment of the primary tumor. Together these studies demonstrate that cytotoxic bacterial therapy is an effective candidate strategy to circumvent the difficulties in systemic treatment of PDAC. Citation Format: Amanda R. Decker, Tetsuhiro Harimoto, Steve A. Sastra, Tal Danino, Kenneth P. Olive. Bacterial cytotoxin therapy limits tumor growth for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer; 2021 Sep 29-30. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(22 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-033.
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Nuryady, Moh Mirza, Aisha Aisha, Diva Aulia und Aulia Savitri. „Research trends in isolation and identification of bacteria from Indonesia with various roles: Review Article“. Journal of Biotechnology and Natural Science 1, Nr. 2 (10.12.2022): 80–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.12928/jbns.v1i2.5232.
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Bacteria are agents that can be used widely and are genetically easy to manipulate and reproduce. Many studies related to the isolation and identification of bacterial isolates from Indonesia have been carried out for various purposes. This research is still ongoing and has never been informed about the abundance of data from previous studies. The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of research topic trends related to the isolation and identification of bacterial isolates from Indonesia. The method used in this review is by setting inclusion and exclusion criteria and selecting a random sample of articles for analysis. The results of a review of research trends in isolation and identification of bacterial isolates from Indonesia showed four main topics discussed, namely the topics of food processing, agriculture, health, and bioremediation. Analysis of 41 articles shows that the most common discussion is the exploration of Lactate Origin-producing bacteria, the role of improving food quality. Furthermore, it was identified that the most isolated bacterial isolates came from food and plants, with 14 publications from a total of 41 articles. It can be concluded that exploratory research on Lactic Acid Bacteria for improving the quality of food products is currently the most studied topic by researchers in Indonesia.
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Péter, Beatrix, Eniko Farkas, Sandor Kurunczi, Zoltán Szittner, Szilvia Bősze, Jeremy J. Ramsden, Inna Szekacs und Robert Horvath. „Review of Label-Free Monitoring of Bacteria: From Challenging Practical Applications to Basic Research Perspectives“. Biosensors 12, Nr. 4 (22.03.2022): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios12040188.
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Novel biosensors already provide a fast way to detect the adhesion of whole bacteria (or parts of them), biofilm formation, and the effect of antibiotics. Moreover, the detection sensitivities of recent sensor technologies are large enough to investigate molecular-scale biological processes. Usually, these measurements can be performed in real time without using labeling. Despite these excellent capabilities summarized in the present work, the application of novel, label-free sensor technologies in basic biological research is still rare; the literature is dominated by heuristic work, mostly monitoring the presence and amount of a given analyte. The aims of this review are (i) to give an overview of the present status of label-free biosensors in bacteria monitoring, and (ii) to summarize potential novel directions with biological relevancies to initiate future development. Optical, mechanical, and electrical sensing technologies are all discussed with their detailed capabilities in bacteria monitoring. In order to review potential future applications of the outlined techniques in bacteria research, we summarize the most important kinetic processes relevant to the adhesion and survival of bacterial cells. These processes are potential targets of kinetic investigations employing modern label-free technologies in order to reveal new fundamental aspects. Resistance to antibacterials and to other antimicrobial agents, the most important biological mechanisms in bacterial adhesion and strategies to control adhesion, as well as bacteria-mammalian host cell interactions are all discussed with key relevancies to the future development and applications of biosensors.
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Markazi, Ashley, Wen Meng, Paige M. Bracci, Michael S. McGrath und Shou-Jiang Gao. „The Role of Bacteria in KSHV Infection and KSHV-Induced Cancers“. Cancers 13, Nr. 17 (25.08.2021): 4269. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13174269.
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The objective of this article is to review the current status of the bacteria-virus interplay in Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) infection and KSHV-driven cancers. KSHV is the etiological agent of several cancers, including Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) and primary effusion lymphoma. Due to immunosuppression, patients with KSHV are at an increased risk for bacterial infections. Moreover, among patients coinfected by HIV and KSHV, patients with KS have distinct oral microbiota compared to non-KS patients. Bacterial biomarkers associated with KSHV-driven cancers can provide insights in discerning the mechanisms of KSHV-induced oncogenesis. For example, pathogen-associated molecular patterns and bacterial products of certain bacterial species can regulate the expression of KSHV lytic and latent genes, thereby affecting viral replication and dissemination. In addition, infection with distinct opportunistic bacterial species have been associated with increased cell proliferation and tumorigenesis in KSHV-induced cancers through activation of pro-survival and -mitogenic cell signaling pathways. By elucidating the various mechanisms in which bacteria affect KSHV-associated pathogenesis, we will be able to pinpoint therapeutic targets for KSHV infection and KSHV-related cancers.
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Kamallia, Sonia, M. Hasbi und Budijono Budijono. „Isolation and Identification of Biosurfactant Producing Bacteria from Tofu Liquid Waste UD. Dika Putra, Riau Province“. Ilmu Perairan (Aquatic Science) 9, Nr. 1 (30.03.2021): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.31258/jipas.9.1.p.16-22.
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Tofu liquid waste contains high levels of organic matter, especially protein and amino acids. These organic compounds can be proteins, carbohydrates and fats. Most of the bacteria are able to use oil or fat as a source of carbon and energy, bacteria that have this ability are often known as lipolytic bacteria. This study aims to obtain biosurfactant producing bacteria from tofu wastewater. This research was conducted from July - September 2020. The method used in this research is survey method and emulsification method. The media used for bacterial isolation were Tryptic Soy Broth (TSB) and Tryptic Soy Agar (TSA). 6 of the isolates are able to produce biosurfactants. Morphological and biochemical characteristics indicate six bacterial genera, namely Genus Agrobacterium, Proteus, Proteus, Citrobacter, Enterobacter, and Serratia. The bacteria obtained are bacteria that have the potential to degrade oil in a polluted environment.
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Gerbec, Zachary J., Antonio Serapio-Palacios, Sarah E. Woodword, Jorge Pena Diaz, Brett Finlay und Shoukat Dedhar. „Abstract A047: Tumor-derived bacteria drive breast cancer metastasis“. Cancer Research 83, Nr. 2_Supplement_2 (15.01.2023): A047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.metastasis22-a047.
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Abstract Metastasis is a major barrier to long-term survival and therapeutic options for aggressive, metastatic forms of breast cancer remain limited. Studies using patient samples have identified tumor-resident bacteria that preferentially associate with specific breast cancer types including highly aggressive TNBC. However, it is not yet understood how intratumoral bacteria directly contributes to disease progression and metastatic propensity independent of other prognostic factors. It is therefore the goal of the Dedhar and Finlay labs to identify how specific bacteria within metastatic breast cancer control immune and tumor cell functions to regulate metastatic potential and determine the outcome of disease progression. Using the syngenic, immunocompetent 4T1 and 67NR breast cancer models of metastatic and non-metastatic disease, we found microbiome depletion significantly reduces primary tumor growth highly metastatic 4T1 tumors specifically. We also found bacterial depletion reduces metastatic burden and extends survival time compared to microbiome-replete controls. Along with alterations in disease progression, microbiome depletion induces changes in immune cell function that occur specifically in the metastatic 4T1 tumors, revealing differential microbial-based regulation of metastatic versus non-metastatic disease. To identify bacteria that control metastasis in microbiome-replete controls, we plated surgically resected tumor suspensions on bacterial growth media and compared bacteria from the 4T1 and 67NR primary tumors. We identified several species of the Bacillus genus that were unique to 4T1 tumors and were present both within the primary tumor as well as metastatic nodules. To determine how these bacteria effect disease progression, we designed several in vivo model systems to directly test the ability of the isolated bacteria to promote metastasis. Using an orthotopic inoculation model with 4T1 or EMT6 cells, we found that following intratumoral injection, the 4T1- derived Bacillus species was actually able to augment metastasis when introduced directly back into primary tumors. To determine the specificity of this phenomenon, we then compared the effects of the 4T1 and 67NR-isolated bacteria on metastasis by injecting 4T1 cells that had been co-cultured with either bacteria prior to injection. Interestingly, we found that while the 67NR-derived bacteria had little effect on metastasis, the 4T1-derived Bacillus species significantly enhanced metastatic tumor burden compared to all other groups including those cultured with the 67NR-derived bacteria. These data demonstrate the ability of certain bacteria to promote metastatic disease. Based on these findings, we hypothesize specific bacteria play a causative role in augmenting metastatic propensity, and seek to determine functional differences between intratumoral bacteria to identify mechanistic targets for prevention of metastasis. We also seek to expand this work into clinical models to identify potential prognostic factors as well as mechanistic targets for disease treatment. Citation Format: Zachary J. Gerbec, Antonio Serapio-Palacios, Sarah E. Woodword, Jorge Pena Diaz, Brett Finlay, Shoukat Dedhar. Tumor-derived bacteria drive breast cancer metastasis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Cancer Metastasis; 2022 Nov 14-17; Portland, OR. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;83(2 Suppl_2):Abstract nr A047.
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Maubant, Sylvie, Marie Leblanc, Elisabeth Bertrand, Audrey Bertaux, Loic Morgand, Maxime Ramelet, Marie Lux, Olivier Duchamp und Fabrice Vivani. „Abstract 3053: Using individual or a consortium of bacteria for immuno-oncology research“. Cancer Research 82, Nr. 12_Supplement (15.06.2022): 3053. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-3053.
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Abstract Preclinical and clinical studies have shed light on the beneficial role of bacteria for cancer therapy. Indeed, these studies have demonstrated that these microorganisms have beneficial properties that allow them to selectively colonize tumor and that they could also be considered as predictive drug efficacy biomarkers. Based on these results, bacteria are now used for delivering therapeutic components or for shaping the gut microbiota. Ultimately these approaches lead to the activation of an immune response against the tumor. Owing to our scientific and technological expertise in manipulating microbes, we propose tailor-made strategies for investigating the efficacy of bacteria-based treatments and/or the effect of therapies on the microbiota both in vitro and in vivo. Different methods/analyses can be used for culturing, detecting, quantifying, identifying and localizing live bacteria (e.g. counting of CFUs, PMA-qPCR, 16 rRNA gene sequencing, mass spectrometry, bioluminescence) in simple or complex samples (e.g. from culture of single bacterial species to rodent/human stools or other tissues). In addition, a continuum of assays allows us to evaluate the impact of bacteria or derived products directly on tumor and/or immune cells (e.g. immune infiltrate and phenotyping, cytokine/chemokine profiling, tumor burden). We will highlight some results obtained in a cancer context such as the immunostimulatory properties of bacteria or their derivatives, the selective colonization of tumor tissue by bacteria, the benefits in delivery of therapeutic proteins or antigens by bacteria, the impact of tumor engraftment/growth on gut microbiota, the effects of chemotherapeutic agents on intestinal microflora, the consequences of supplementation with bacteria or antibiotics treatment on the response to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Altogether these data demonstrate that bacteria are now allies in the treatment of cancer and that our comprehensive platform is suitable for evaluating both in vitro and in vivo therapeutics developed from bacteria (individuals, consortium or derived products; native or modified). All these technologies can be also applied to develop novel therapeutic strategies for inflammatory and infectious diseases known to increase the risk of cancer development. Citation Format: Sylvie Maubant, Marie Leblanc, Elisabeth Bertrand, Audrey Bertaux, Loic Morgand, Maxime Ramelet, Marie Lux, Olivier Duchamp, Fabrice Vivani. Using individual or a consortium of bacteria for immuno-oncology research [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 3053.
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Samosir, Nelly Elfrida, Ricke Loesnihari und Adi Koesoema Aman. „Correlation Between Time to Positivity Blood Culture and Procalcitonin on Bacteremia Patient“. INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AND MEDICAL LABORATORY 25, Nr. 3 (18.04.2019): 283. http://dx.doi.org/10.24293/ijcpml.v25i3.1506.
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IntroductionBacteremia causes a high mortality rate. Detection of bacteremia is needed as quickly as possible. The gold standard for bacteremia is blood culture which takes between 24-48 hours. Procalcitonin (PCT) is a marker of infection that is caused by bacteria that can be detected quickly in 2-6 hours. Time to positivity (TTP) blood culture is affected by the initial amount of bacteria and the addition of procalcitonin stimulated by bacteria that causes bacteremia where short TTP and high PCT show bad clinical conditions. Materials and MethodsAnalitical cross sectional research on patients with bacteremia. Fourty six bacteremia cases become the sample of research. Time to Positivity is calculated with Bactec 9050 and Procalcitonin is analyzed with mini VIDAS B.R.A.H.M.S. Examination is conducted in Department of Clinical Pathology FK-USU/ Installation of Clinical Pathology of RSUP H. Adam Malik, Medan, June – October 2016. ResultsThere was significant correlation between Time to Positivity blood culture and procalcitonin on bacteremia patients (p<0.05). There was no significant correlation between Time to Positivity and procalcitonin on bacteremia which was caused by gram-positive bacteria or gram-negative bacteria (p>0.05). Procalcitonin was significantly higher on bacteremia which was caused by gram-negative bacteria compared to gram-positive bacteria (p<0.05). ConclusionThere was significant correlation between Time to Positivity blood culture and procalcitonin on bacteremia patients. Significantly higher levels of procalcitonin in cases of bacteremia are more likely to be caused by Gram-negative bacteria than Gram-positive bacteria
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Wysocki, Annette B., Sandhya K. Bhalla-Regev, Philip M. Tierno, Marla Stevens-Riley und Ryan-Claire Wiygul. „Proteolytic Activity by Multiple Bacterial Species Isolated From Chronic Venous Leg Ulcers Degrades Matrix Substrates“. Biological Research For Nursing 15, Nr. 4 (30.10.2012): 407–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1099800412464683.
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Background:A major feature of chronic wounds is the loss of tissue, with the exposure of dermal components preventing primary closure and leading to bacterial colonization. Bacterial colonization has been proposed as one of the common underlying pathologies present in chronic wounds. The objective of this exploratory study was to identify bacteria cultured from chronic venous leg ulcers and test for proteolytic activity that degrades matrix substrates.Method:Bacteria were isolated, cultured, and identified from six subjects (average age = 62.8 years) over 2–10 months under an approved protocol using swabs and microbiological culture media. Proteolytic activity against (a) gelatin, (b) an elastin substrate, and (c) a serine/trypsin-sensitive substrate was determined using a colorimetric plate assay with an ELISA plate reader and zymography.Results:We identified 13 bacteria that expressed proteolytic activity against one or more of the tested substrates. Of these, six were Gram-positive ( Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus agalactiae, Corynebacterium, and Streptococcus bovis) and seven were Gram-negative ( Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Morganella morganii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bacteroides fragilis, and Serratia marcescens) organisms. Two of these, S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, are recognized wound pathogens.Conclusions:Multiple bacteria species isolated from colonized venous leg ulcers have the capacity to secrete proteases capable of degrading components of the extracellular matrix important for wound healing. Matrix degradation by bacteria may contribute to delays in tissue deposition and repair, suggesting that treatment of chronic wounds should include appropriate management of colonizing bacteria.
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Nomura, Yoshiaki, Ayako Okada und Nobuhiro Hanada. „Future Prospective of Oral Microbiome Research“. Applied Sciences 12, Nr. 1 (22.12.2021): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12010055.
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Oral microbiome has complex structure. It consisted of more than 700 species of bacteria. These bacteria contains pathogens for human health. In contrast, some beneficial bacteria were included. Perspective of oral microbiome is not still elucidated. In this paper, information regarding oral microbiome of health older adults and oral diseases are included. Additionally, concise review of oral microbiome are presented.
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Peled, Jonathan U., Sean M. Devlin, Anna Staffas, Melissa Lumish, Raya Khanin, Eric R. Littmann, Lilan Ling et al. „Intestinal Microbiota and Relapse After Hematopoietic-Cell Transplantation“. Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, Nr. 15 (20.05.2017): 1650–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2016.70.3348.
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Purpose The major causes of mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic-cell transplantation (allo-HCT) are relapse, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), and infection. We have reported previously that alterations in the intestinal flora are associated with GVHD, bacteremia, and reduced overall survival after allo-HCT. Because intestinal bacteria are potent modulators of systemic immune responses, including antitumor effects, we hypothesized that components of the intestinal flora could be associated with relapse after allo-HCT. Methods The intestinal microbiota of 541 patients admitted for allo-HCT was profiled by means of 16S ribosomal sequencing of prospectively collected stool samples. We examined the relationship between abundance of microbiota species or groups of related species and relapse/progression of disease during 2 years of follow-up time after allo-HCT by using cause-specific proportional hazards in a retrospective discovery-validation cohort study. Results Higher abundance of a bacterial group composed mostly of Eubacterium limosum in the validation set was associated with a decreased risk of relapse/progression of disease (hazard ratio [HR], 0.82 per 10-fold increase in abundance; 95% CI, 0.71 to 0.95; P = .009). When the patients were categorized according to presence or absence of this bacterial group, presence also was associated with less relapse/progression of disease (HR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.31 to 0.87; P = .01). The 2-year cumulative incidences of relapse/progression among patients with and without this group of bacteria were 19.8% and 33.8%, respectively. These associations remained significant in multivariable models and were strongest among recipients of T-cell–replete allografts. Conclusion We found associations between the abundance of a group of bacteria in the intestinal flora and relapse/progression of disease after allo-HCT. These might serve as potential biomarkers or therapeutic targets to prevent relapse and improve survival after allo-HCT.
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Malalur, Pannaga G., Xiaokui Mo, Rebecca Hoyd, David Paul Carbone und Daniel Spakowicz. „Intra-tumoral microbes and overall survival in colorectal cancer patients.“ Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, Nr. 15_suppl (20.05.2020): 4083. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.4083.
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4083 Background: The presence of certain bacteria among or adjacent to tumor cells may contribute to colorectal cancer (CRC) development. However, the effect of the tumor microbiome on survival in CRC patients undergoing treatment is poorly understood. We hypothesize that intra-tumoral microbes correlate with overall survival (OS) in CRC patients. Methods: We obtained RNA-seq data from CRC tumor biopsies from patients treated at The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center as part of the Oncology Research Information Exchange Network (ORIEN). Reads were aligned to human and exogenous genomes using TopHat2 and Kraken2/Bracken, respectively. Results: The analyzed cohort included 99 CRC patients with an age range from 31-83 years, 62% female, and 44% with metastatic CRC. Therapies received prior to sample collection were grouped into chemotherapy with or without radiation (37%), antiVEGF/EGFR therapies (33%), no systemic therapy (23%), immunotherapy (3%); 3% were unknown. Overall, eleven bacteria were significantly associated with shorter OS, including a species in the genus Clostridium and Vibrio. Conversely, five other bacteria including several commensal gut microbes, were associated with longer OS. In patients who received chemotherapy with or without radiation (n = 38), several microbes were significantly associated with shorter OS, including a member of the genus Streptomyces. Only three bacteria were significantly associated with longer OS. In the patients who received antiVEGF/EGFR therapies (bevacizumab, cetuximab, panitumumab) (n = 33), several bacterial taxa were associated with shorter OS. In addition, bacteria including a member of the genera Bacillus and Staphylococcus were significantly associated with metastatic CRCs. (p < 0.05 for all, Fisher’s Exact tests). Conclusions: This study suggests that demonstrating the presence or absence of certain microbes in tumor biopsies could have important therapeutic implications for CRC patients. Only bacteria (no fungi, viruses, archaea, etc.) were found to significantly associate with OS across the entire cohort and within treatment subsets. The presence of bacteria was mostly, but not always, associated with worse OS. Antibiotics targeted towards bacterial species associated with negative outcomes could have the potential to improve OS in CRC patients.
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Michl, P., und T. Gress. „Bacteria and Bacterial Toxins as Therapeutic Agents for Solid Tumors“. Current Cancer Drug Targets 4, Nr. 8 (01.12.2004): 689–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1568009043332727.
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Kolenbrander, Paul E., Roxanna N. Andersen, David S. Blehert, Paul G. Egland, Jamie S. Foster und Robert J. Palmer. „Communication among Oral Bacteria“. Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews 66, Nr. 3 (September 2002): 486–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mmbr.66.3.486-505.2002.
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SUMMARY Human oral bacteria interact with their environment by attaching to surfaces and establishing mixed-species communities. As each bacterial cell attaches, it forms a new surface to which other cells can adhere. Adherence and community development are spatiotemporal; such order requires communication. The discovery of soluble signals, such as autoinducer-2, that may be exchanged within multispecies communities to convey information between organisms has emerged as a new research direction. Direct-contact signals, such as adhesins and receptors, that elicit changes in gene expression after cell-cell contact and biofilm growth are also an active research area. Considering that the majority of oral bacteria are organized in dense three-dimensional biofilms on teeth, confocal microscopy and fluorescently labeled probes provide valuable approaches for investigating the architecture of these organized communities in situ. Oral biofilms are readily accessible to microbiologists and are excellent model systems for studies of microbial communication. One attractive model system is a saliva-coated flowcell with oral bacterial biofilms growing on saliva as the sole nutrient source; an intergeneric mutualism is discussed. Several oral bacterial species are amenable to genetic manipulation for molecular characterization of communication both among bacteria and between bacteria and the host. A successful search for genes critical for mixed-species community organization will be accomplished only when it is conducted with mixed-species communities.
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Mozzarelli, Alessandro Mauro, Sara Carloni, Valentina Ferrrari, Silvia Giugliano, Luca Tiraboschi, Antonino Lo Cascio, Giulia Fornasa et al. „Abstract 3059: Microbiota mediated CHI3L1 expression as a novel candidate biomarker for breast cancer progression“. Cancer Research 82, Nr. 12_Supplement (15.06.2022): 3059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-3059.
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Abstract Over the past decade, infectious agents, including bacteria, have come under scrutiny for contributing to almost 16% of all tumors. Indeed, emerging data report a microbial presence in many cancer types, with breast cancer accumulating the most diverse bacterial population. Pathogen defense mechanisms, such as CHI3L1, contribute to bacterial elimination; however, CHI3L1 is overexpressed in several cancer types and correlates with poor prognosis and shorter survival. However, the connection between intra-tumoral bacteria and CHI3L1 and how they contribute to cancer growth has not been fully characterized.To investigate if microbiota and CHI3L1 are connected, female BALB/c mice harboring 4T1-Luc cells were exposed to a broad-spectrum antibiotic mix to deplete the microbiota and to evaluate tumor growth and circulating CHI3L1 levels. 9 and 14 days after tumor inoculation, feces were collected and bacterial DNA isolated for 16S rRNA sequencing, and tumors were plated to identify intratumoral bacteria. To assess whether a specific bacterial strain could modulate CHI3L1 expression, we incubated 4T1 cells with supernatants from isolated bacteria, which contain metabolites and extracellular factors. Isolated bacteria that could upregulate CHI3L1 expression were then used to infect 4T1 cells prior to subcutaneous injection in the mammary fat pad of BALB/c mice to evaluate if bacterial infection changes tumor growth rate.In the 4T1 mouse breast cancer model, a broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment was able to: deplete host microbiota, abrogate tumor growth, and reduce CHI3L1 levels in the sera and in CD45+ immune infiltrating cells in tumor and colon. When 4T1 cells were exposed to bacterial supernatants in vitro, we observed that CHI3L1 was upregulated by a specific strain of E. coli. To simulate the effect of intra-tumoral microbiota, we infected 4T1 cells with either the isolated E. coli or S. aureus (which did not induce any CHI3L1 modulation in vitro) prior to subcutaneous injection. Strikingly, E. coli infection increased tumor progression with respect to the control S. aureus infection (p<0.01).Moreover, we observed an increase in CHI3L1 produced by tumor immune infiltrates in E. coli-infected 4T1, highlighting a key role for microbiota and CHI3L1 in tumor progression. Overall, our findings shed light on the important link between tumor associated bacteria and CHI3L1 in cancer progression. Identifying the mechanism of action through which microbiota and CHI3L1 influence cancer growth will open new possibilities for improved screening, prognosis, and survival for patients with breast cancer. Citation Format: Alessandro Mauro Mozzarelli, Sara Carloni, Valentina Ferrrari, Silvia Giugliano, Luca Tiraboschi, Antonino Lo Cascio, Giulia Fornasa, Daniele Braga, Davide Golzato, Nicola Segata, Giuseppe Penna, Maria Rescigno. Microbiota mediated CHI3L1 expression as a novel candidate biomarker for breast cancer progression [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 3059.
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Ji, Yanhan, Ping Zhang, Sihan Zhou, Ping Gao, Baozhan Wang und Jiandong Jiang. „Widespread but Poorly Understood Bacteria: Candidate Phyla Radiation“. Microorganisms 10, Nr. 11 (11.11.2022): 2232. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10112232.
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Candidate Phyla Radiation (CPR) bacteria is a bacterial division composed mainly of candidate phyla bacteria with ultra-small cell sizes, streamlined genomes, and limited metabolic capacity, which are generally considered to survive in a parasitic or symbiotic manner. Despite their wide distribution and rich diversity, CPR bacteria have received little attention until recent years, and are therefore poorly understood. This review systematically summarizes the history of CPR research, the parasitic/symbiotic lifestyle, and the ecological distribution and unique metabolic features of CPR bacteria, hoping to provide guidance for future ecological and physiological research on CPR bacteria.
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Cai, Li, Pei-Yu Wang und Yu-Mei Zhang. „Advances in research on equol-producing bacteria“. World Chinese Journal of Digestology 18, Nr. 13 (2010): 1360. http://dx.doi.org/10.11569/wcjd.v18.i13.1360.
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&NA;. „New Research Shows Why Bleach Kills Bacteria“. Oncology Times 30, Nr. 24 (Dezember 2008): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.cot.0000343801.92233.9b.
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Grouzdev, Denis, Veronika Koziaeva, Boris Kuznetsov und Konstantin Skryabin. „Magnetotactic Bacteria – Trends for the Future Research“. NanoWorld Journal 03, Nr. 02 (2017): 29–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17756/nwj.2017-042.
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He, Zichen, und Takeshi Naganuma. „Chronicle of Research into Lichen-Associated Bacteria“. Microorganisms 10, Nr. 11 (26.10.2022): 2111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10112111.
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Lichens are mutually symbiotic systems consisting of fungal and algal symbionts. While diverse lichen-forming fungal species are known, limited species of algae form lichens. Plasticity in the combination of fungal and algal species with different eco-physiological properties may contribute to the worldwide distribution of lichens, even in extreme habitats. Lichens have been studied systematically for more than 200 years; however, plasticity in fungal–algal/cyanobacterial symbiotic combinations is still unclear. In addition, the association between non-cyanobacterial bacteria and lichens has attracted attention in recent years. The types, diversity, and functions of lichen-associated bacteria have been studied using both culture-based and culture-independent methods. This review summarizes the history of systematic research on lichens and lichen-associated bacteria and provides insights into the current status of research in this field.
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Syamsussabri, Muhamad, Riza Nurhermi Ningtyas, Amalia Ainun Najah, M. Saiful Fahmi und Endang Suarsini. „Analysis of Coliform Bacteria Contamination in Drinking Water Sources in Malang City“. El-Hayah 7, Nr. 1 (03.05.2019): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/elha.v7i1.7244.
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This study aims to determine the contamination of coliform bacteria in drinking water sources of residents in Malang City. Type of this research is explorative descriptive research. The study population was all drinking water sources of residents throughout Malang City, while the research sample was 15 residents wells in five subdistricts of Malang City with each sample taken three sample points. The samples were tested using 3M petrifilm E. coli/coliform count plate. The results showed that all the samples studied were contaminated with coliform bacteria with the highest percentage of 23.01% for E. coli bacteria contamination and 15.41% for total coliform bacterial contamination with an average of bacterial colonies 200 colonies.
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Hidayanti, Andi Sri Nurul, Sulfiani Sulfiani und Nuramaniyah Taufiq. „Utilization Pemanfaatan Ekstrak Kulit Ubi Jalar Ungu Sebagai Pengganti Crystal Violet pada Pewarnaan Gram“. Jurnal Sehat Mandiri 16, Nr. 2 (26.12.2021): 46–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.33761/jsm.v16i2.364.
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Purple sweet potato has the high anthocyanin content. The anthocyanin content in purple sweet potato skin is higher than the anthocyanin in the tubers, namely 52.84-729.74 mg/100g while the tubers are 110.51 mg/100g. Natural dyes that have the potential to be extracted include anthocyanins. This research aimed to test anthocyanin dyes in purple sweet potato peel extract as the substitute for crystal violet in gram staining. The type of research used Quasi Experiments. This research was conducted in the Microbiology Laboratory of the Hasanuddin University Medical Faculty. In this research, extraction was carried out by using the solvent of Ethanol : Acetic Acid : Water (25: 1: 5). Furthermore, gram staining was carried out by using purple sweet potato peel extract using a concentration of 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 100% and crystal violet as positive control. The results of this research indicate that the staining used purple sweet potato peel extract concentrations of 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% in gram-positive Staphylococcus bacteria isolates showed poor bacterial staining results because the bacteria were not purple when compared to crystal violet dye. Where as at the concentration of 100% it showed good bacterial staining results because the bacteria was purple. Meanwhile, gram-negative e.coli bacteria isolates at the concentration of 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 100% showed good bacterial staining results because the bacteria were red. Suggestions for further research to do maceration longer.