Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema „B G Tilakas“

Bal Gangadhar Tilak (1856–1920) attempted throughout his public life to mobilize the Indian populace for mass political action. He did this by means of his speeches, journalism, leadership and philosophy. His desire was to throw off the yoke of British colonialism, to deliver his countrymen out of bondage. To this end Tilak sought a cogent and comprehensive, yet distinctly Indian, justification for anti-British pro-Hindu activism. He believed that the divergent sects of India could converge to form ‘a mighty Hindu nation’ if they would only follow the original principles of the Hindu tradition as set forth in such texts as the Rāmāyana and the Bhagavadgītā. And this convergence should be the goal of all Hindus.1 Tilak's interpretations of these texts, especially the Gītā, provided him with his ‘justification’ which rationalized his political work in religious guise.

Abstract This study aims to determine the process of participatory management in the development of religious culture in Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Negeri (MIN) 2 Bandung City. This research uses descriptive qualitative method. The type of data collected in this study is qualitative data. The type of data collected in this study is qualitative data. Data collection is done by: a) observation, b) interview, and c) documentation. The results of this study indicate that: 1) The religious culture development program at MIN 2 Bandung, which is the first and most consistent priority, consists of six programs, namely: a) 5S Culture (Smiles, Greetings, Greetings, Polite and Courteous), b) Pray when starting and ending learning, c) Dhuha Prayer, d) Dhuhr Prayer in congregation, e) Tilawah and Tahfidz Al-Qur'an Before learning, f) Infaq every Friday; 2) The implementation or participatory management process in the development of religious culture in MIN 2 Bandung City is indicated by the existence of: a) The existence of participatory leadership, b) The implementation of participatory management indicators, c) The existence of a decision making model, d) The visible implementation of participatory management, e) The existence of participatory management delegation, f) Implementation of delegation procedures, g) Self management team. Keywords: Participatory Management, Religious Culture Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui proses manajemen partisipatif dalam pengembangan budaya religius di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Negeri (MIN) 2 Kota Bandung. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dekriptif. Jenis data yang dikumpulkan dalam penelitian ini adalah data kualitatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara: a) observasi, b) wawancara, dan c) dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa: 1) Program pengembangan budaya religius di MIN 2 Kota Bandung yang menjadi prioritas utama dan konsisten dilaksanakan terdiri atas enam program, yaitu: a) Budaya 5S (Senyum, Salam, Sapa, Sopan, dan santun), b) Berdoa ketika mengawali dan mengakhiri pembelajaran, c) Shalat Dhuha, d) Shalat Dzuhur berjama’ah, e) Tilawah dan Tahfidz Al-Qur’an Sebelum belajar, f) Infaq setiap hari jum’at; 2) Penerapan atau proses manajemen partisipatif dalam pengembangan budaya religius di MIN 2 Kota Bandung ditunjukan dengan adanya: a) Adanya kepemimpinan partisipatid, b) Dilaksanakannya indikator manajemen partisipatif, c) Adanya model pengambilan keputusan, d) Terlihatnya implementasi manajemen partisipatif, e) Adanya pendelegasian, f) Dilaksanakannya tata cara pendelegasian, g) Self management team. Kata kunci:Manajemen Partisipatif, Budaya Religius

This essay revises the common assumption that non-violence has been central to political modernity in India. The “extremist” nationalist B. G. Tilak, through a foundational philosophical reinterpretation of the Bhagavad Gita, created a modern theology of the Indian “political”. Tilak did so by directly confronting the question of the possibility of the “event” of war and the ethics of the conversion of kinsmen into enemies. Writing in the aftermath of the Swadeshi movement and from a prison cell in Rangoon, Tilak interpreted action as sacrificial duty that created a vocabulary of violence in which killing was naturalized. Violence, whether conceptual or otherwise, was not directed towards the “outsider” but was of meaning only when directed against the intimate. Unlike the distinction between friend and foe that has been taken as central to the understanding of the political in the twentieth century, it was instead the fraternal–enmity issue that framed the modern political in India. Tilak foregrounded the idea of a de-historicized political subject, whose existence was entirely dependent upon the event of violence itself. This helps to explain both the unprecedented violence that accompanied freedom and partition in 1947 and also the fact that it has remained unmemorialized to the present day.

The main challenge in tilapia rearing (Oreochromis niloticus) is the high cost of feed. To address this, using local raw materials in making feed is an attempt to reduce costs. However, the presence of phytic acid content can hinder fish growth, so the addition of phytase becomes necessary. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of dietary phytase on protein efficiency ratio and tilapia growth. This research was conducted in Loka Muntilan, Magelang, Central Java, Indonesia. A total of 240 tilapias with an average weight of 12.88±0.2 g/fish were used for this study. Four treatments, namely treatments A, B, C, and D, were implemented with phytase additions of 0; 0.25; 0.5; and 0.75 g/kg of feed, respectively. The results revealed that dietary phytase significantly influenced total feed consumption (TFC), feed conversion ratio (FCR), feed utilization efficiency (FUE), protein efficiency ratio (PER), and relative growth rate (RGR) values (P = .05), but not the fish survival rate (P = .05). The most favorable outcome was achieved with a phytase dose of 0.75 g/kg of feed (i.e., treatment D), with the following values: TFC 548.74±2.58 g, FCR 1.38±0.03, FUE 70.11±0.69%, PER 2.33±0.02%, and RGR 2.65±0.04% per day, respectively.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kepercayaan masyarakat jawa bagian timur yang dikhususkan pada kepercayaan terhadap makhluk halus dan makna simbolik dari budaya jawa yang telah dilakukan. Data dalam penelitian ini berwujud frase, kalimat, dan ungkapan yang terdapat dalam novel KKN di Desa Penari karya Simpleman. Sedangkan, sumber data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu novel KKN di Desa Penari karya Simpleman. Teknik analisis data menggunakan teknik deskriptif analisis. Teknik deskriptif analisis dilakukan dengan mendeskripsikan data-data yang ada kemudian disusul dengan analisis menggunakan Interpretatif simbolik Clifford Geertz. Hasil penelitian ini yaitu sebagai berikut. (1) Kepercayaan terhadap makhluk halus jenis gendruwo, (2) makna simbolik budaya Jawa yang terepresentasi dalam novel KKN di desa penari karya Simplemen ditunjukan 7 macam hal yaitu, (a) tapak tilas, (b) pemakaman, (c) sendang, (d) sesajen, (e) tempat wingit, (f) tumbal, (g) gamelan.

AbstractThis article studies the extraordinarily broad advocacy of military enlistment by India's political and intellectual elites during the First World War. Though often interpreted as politically motivated, it shows above all a preoccupation with the enlivening effects of military experience—in particular its development of courage and manliness. In this it followed an established pattern of Indian elite concern with martiality. It also reflected anxieties of Indian weakness and effeminacy—something elites indicted themselves for, but which, importantly, they assumed to be more generally prevalent. Sampling calls for enlistment in the public space throughout the war, the article focuses on Bombay Presidency—a region that gave rise to such prominent Indian voices for enlistment as M. K. Gandhi, B. G. Tilak, and M. A. Jinnah. Bombay's recent experience of relative exclusion from military recruitment, and from membership of the ‘martial races’, was representative of much of India. This article enables us to view the effects of such ‘demartialization’ away from the classic case of Bengal. It suggests that it helped to inspire the call to enlist, especially as public spokesmen for the ‘martial race’ ideology explicitly linked martiality with manliness. The concern for enlistment ultimately superseded political calculation even for so hard-nosed a politician as Tilak. And though elites were most obviously concerned for their own martial vigour and leadership, they were also concerned with the manliness of the bulk of India's population, especially in Gandhi's conception of war as a preparation forsatyagraha.

The article discusses the content of Mahabharata and Ramayana, the Smriti genre widely distributed in the world of Indian literature, with an emphasis on theoretical research. World literary scholars and Turkish scholars analyzed the work of Mahabharata and Ramayana called this work the “Encyclopedia of Ancient Indians” and analyzed the role of heroes as the embodiment of piety, heroism and wisdom of society. Also in the epic of the Mahabharata which describes the bloodshed of two generations includes a religious philosophical poem called “Bhagavad-Gita”. A detailed analysis of the time interval and premises of the Bhagavad-Gita was made. The history of the Bhagavad-Gita, the religious and philosophical ancient Indian memorial written in Sanskrit, takes a huge amount of time. However, this issue is controversial, therefore, each scientist expresses his opinion on this matter. Currently, theoretical studies are being carried out in the genre of commitment B. Tilak J. Belvalkri, Sri Gopal Bazu Malik, Yoganda Paramahansa, Radhakrishnan S., Roy M.A. along with Indian scholars and the European Union. Bopp, L. Schroeder, S. Sorensen, G. Bulle, U. Ruben, and others. works of domestic and foreign scientists.

Utilizing the production potential of scented rice verieties via organic farming methods is a viable option to support the increasing population's food needs. Employing organic nutrient sources like Sesbania and vermicompost has the potential to significantly enhance rice yield and positively impact soil quality, presenting a promising approach. In order to study the effect of organic mode of cultivation on ten different scented rice varieties namely Kubri Mamhani, Kudrat-5, Chinar-20, Kesho Pohu, DRK, Kudrat-5, Pusa-1121, Type-3, Taraori and Tilak Chandan in tarai region of Uttarakhand, India, a field experiment was conducted at the Norman E. Borlaug Crop Research Centre, located within G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology in Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, during the kharif season of 2020. The varieties were evaluated in Randomized Block Design with three replications. The results revealed that the application of organic source of nutrients significantly improved the growth parameters and yield of scented rice over control. Among the varieties, Kudrat-5 recorded higher values for tiller/m2 (273) and grain yield (42.46 q/ha). Application of organic matter in the form of Sesbania and vermicompost significantly produced higher plant height, tillers/m2, culm height, culm thickness, days to 50% flowering, straw yield and harvest index. So, it is inferred that ten scented rice varieties differ widely among themselves when grown under organic cultivation. In terms of grain yield Kudrat-5 variety performed better under organic production system.

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap bagaimana peran Perencanaan Pendidikan dalam upaya Peningkatan Mutu Pendidikan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu dengan pendekatan penelitian kualitatif. Pengabsahan data penelitian dilakukan dengan teknik triangulasi melalui observasi, wawancara dan studi dokumen. Hasil penelitian ini mengungkapkan tiga temuan yaitu: (1) Perencanaan Pendidikan yang ada belum berorientasi pada tujuan pendidikan secara menyeluruh. (2) Mutu pendidikan sudah mengalami peningkatan, kepala sekolah terus berupaya meningkatkan mutu pendidikan di sekolah tersebut. (3) Perencanaan pendidikan mengalami beberapa hambatan, kepala sekolah telah berupaya menjalankan fungsi-fungsi manajerialnya salah satunya membuat perencanaan dengan semaksimal mungkin, namun yang menjadi kendala adalah kurangnya tenaga administrasi yang ahli dalam membuat perencanaan pendidikan. Kesimpulan penelitian ini yaitu: Secara teori pihak sekolah telah memahami pentingnya perencanaan pendidikan sebagai upaya meningkatkan mutu pendidikan, ada beberapa langkah yang dilakukan yaitu: berkaitan dengan peningkatan mutu guru dengan merekrut guru-guru yang sesuai dengan kompetensi lulusannya, berkaitan dengan mutu siswa sekolah meningkatkan mutu pembelajarandengan memberikan pelatihan-pelatihan kepada guru-guru, sedangkan berkaitan dengan mutu sarana dan prasarana sekolah berusaha melakukan pengadaan secara berkala. Abstract: This study aims to reveal the role of educational planning in improving the quality of education. The method used in this research is a qualitative research approach. The research data validation was done by using triangulation technique through observation, interview and document study. The results of this study reveal three findings, namely: (1) The existing educational planning has not been oriented towards overall educational goals. (2) The quality of education has improved, the principal continues to strive to improve the quality of education in these schools. (3) Educational planning has experienced several obstacles, the principal has tried to carry out its managerial functions, one of which is to make planning as much as possible, but the problem is the lack of administrative personnel who are skilled in making educational planning. The conclusion of this study is: In theory, the school has understood the importance of educational planning as an effort to improve the quality of education, there are several steps taken, namely: relating to improving the quality of teachers by recruiting teachers according to the competence of their graduates, related to the quality of school students to improve quality learning by providing trainings to teachers, while related to the quality of school facilities and infrastructure, they try to carry out regular procurement. References: Arikunto, S. (2006). Prosedur Penelitian suatu Pendekatan Praktis. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta. Dunn, W. N. (2000). Pengantar Analisis Kebijakan Publik. Yogyakarta: Gajah Mada University Press. Ennoch, J. (1992). Dasar-Dasar Perencanaan Pendidikan. Jakarta: Bumi Aksara. Hasibuan, M. S. P. (2007) Manajemen, Dasar, Pengertian dan Masalah. Jakarta: Bumi Aksara. Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic Inquiry. California: Sage. Mesiono. (2010). Manajemen dan Organisasi. Bandung: Citapustaka Media Perintis. Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Analisis Data Kualitatif. Jakarta: UI Press. Salim, S., & Syahrum, S. (2007) Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. Bandung: Citapustaka Media. Sarwono, J. (2006). Metode Penelitian Kualitatif dan Kuantitatif. Yogyakarta: Graha Ilmu. Sitepu, A. (1985). Dasar-Dasar Perencanaan Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan. Jakarta: Paramadina. Susmaini, M. R. (2007). Teori Manajemen Menuju Efektivitas Pengelolaan Organisasi, Bandung: Citapustaka Media. Syafaruddin. (2002). Manajemen Mutu Terpadu dalam Pendidikan. Jakarta: Grasindo. Syafaruddin. (2005). Manajemen Lembaga Pendidikan Islam. Jakarta: Ciputat Press. Tilaar, H. A. R. (2002). Manajemen Berbasis Sekolah, Konsep Strategi dan Implementasi. Bandung: Remaja Rosdakarya. Tilaar, H. A. R. (2004). Standar Nasional Pendidikan: Suatu Tinjauan Kritis. Bandung: Rineka Cipta.

The people in Kabuaran village used to defecate haphazardly. Since a sanitation program for healthy closet was promulgated, the people have been used to using water closet. To date, the village has been renowned as Open Defecation Free (ODF) Village, which is national award endowed to an area where the poeple no longer defecate haphazardly. The present study applied qualitative approach. The paradigm founded the study was criticism paradigm, coupled with the theory of Hegemony and Gramsci domination, adopted from Marx. The research findings evinced that the public behavioural change represented government’s control, actualized by local government. The synergy was a structure operationalized for positive behavioural change to stop haphazard defecating. Numerous innovations and initiatives were carried out by the village government, be it providing public toilet, clean water program, and water closet provision. It was at this juncture that domination mechanism was at work. In this regard, the village government accidentally involved traditional intellects, religious figures, to take part in accruing public awareness, which was done in hegemonic manner through regular Al-Qur’an recital. Keywords: Behavioural change, domination, hegemony, traditional intellects. Referensi: Djik, Kees van. 2011. Soap is The Onset of Civilization. Dalam van Djik, Kees., & Jean G. Taylor. Cleanliness and Culture: Indonesia Histories. Leiden: KITLV Press Foucault, Michael. 2002. Wacana Kuasa/Pengetahuan. Diterjemahkan oleh: Yudi Santosa. Jogjakarta: Bentang Budaya Patria, Nezar, dan Andi Arief. 2015. Antonio Gramsci: Negara dan Hegemoni. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar. Simajuntak, B., dan Pasaribu I. L. 1986. Sosiologi Pembangunan. Bandung: Penerbit TARSITO. Sphere, Proyek. 2004. Keamanan dan Standar Minimum dalam Respon Bencana. Jakarta: PT Grasindo. Sugiyono, Muhadi. 1999. Kritik Antonio Gramsci terhadap Pembangunan Dunia Ketiga. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar. Susan, Novri. 2008. Pengantar Sosiologi Konflik dan Isu-isu Konflik Kontemporer. Jakarta: Kencana Prenada. Tilaar, H. A. R. 2003. Kekuasaan dan Pendidikan: Suatu Tinjauan dari Perspektif Studi Kultural). Magelang: IndonesiaTera. Zuriah, Nurul. 2009. Metode Penelitian Sosial dan Pendidikan. Jakarta: Bumi Aksara Rio, Sutanto Boby. 2015. Perilaku Masyarakat dalam Pemanfaatan Sarana Mandi Cuci Kakus (MCK): Studi Deskriptif Warga Desa Candijati Kecamatan Arjasa Kabupaten Jember. Universitas Jember: Jurusan Kesejahteraan Sosial. Munthe, Hadriana Nurhaeni. 2007. Modernisasi dan Perubahan Sosial Masyarakat dalam Pembangunan Pertanian: Suatu Tinjauan Sosiologis. Medan: Universitas Sumatera Utara. Jurnal Harmoni Sosial Volume II No. 1.

Abstract: Qualitative research with a case study design aims to describe the development of Catholic- based school culture in the Middle School (SMP) Maria Gorreti Semarang (MGS), viewed from aspects: 1) the birth process of Catholic-based school culture, 2) values the character of Catholic-based school culture, 3) the strategy of developing a Catholic-based school culture, 4) supporting factors and obstacles faced in developing a Catholic-based school culture, and 5) efforts to minimize the constraints faced in developing a Catholic-based school culture. Data collection is done by methods: in-depth interviews, participant observation, and study documentation. Determination of data sources is done by using purposive sampling technique. Data analysis was performed using the interactive patterns of Miles and Huberman (1994). Checking the validity of the data is done by using a degree of credibility through both source and method triangulation techniques. The results of study showed that he development of Catholic-based school culture in the MGS Middle School was carried out with reference to the founding father's philosophy of the Semarang Marsudirini foundation. The philosophical values of the founders of the school became the main foundation in shaping the school's cultural character. With the strategy of developing a school culture that is realized in various programs and activities aimed at teachers and education personnel and students, it is able to make MGS Middle School become an outstanding school as well as a favorite school in the city of Semarang. Keywords: Development, School Culture, SMP Maria Gorreti Semarang Abstrak: Penelitian kualitatif dengan rancangan studi kasus ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan tentang pengembangan budaya sekolah berbasis agama Katolik pada Sekolah Menengah Pertama (SMP) Maria Gorreti Semarang (MGS), dilihat dari aspek: 1) Proses lahirnya budaya sekolah berbasis agama Katolik, 2) Nilai-nilai karakter budaya sekolah berbasis agama Katolik, 3) Strategi pengembangan budaya sekolah berbasis agama Katolik, 4) Faktor pendukung dan kendala yang dihadapi dalam pengembangan budaya sekolah berbasis agama Katolik, dan 5) Upaya untuk meminimalisir kendala yang dihadapi dalam pengembangan budaya sekolah berbasis agama Katolik. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode wawancara mendalam, observasi partisipan, dan studi dokumentasi. Penetapan sumber data dilakukan dengan teknik purposive sampling. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan pola interaktif Miles dan Huberman (1994) Pengecekan keabsahan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan derajat kepercayaan (credibility) melalui teknik triangulasi baik sumber maupun metode. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengembangan budaya sekolah berbasis agama Katolik pada SMP MGS dilaksanakan dengan mengacu pada nilai-nilai filosofis pendiri (founding father) Yayasan Marsudirini Semarang. Nilai-nilai filosofis para pendiri sekolah tersebut menjadi landasan utama dalam pembentukan karakter budaya sekolah. Dengan strategi pengembangan budaya sekolah yang direalisasikan dalam berbagai program dan kegiatan yang ditujukan bagi guru dan tenaga kependikan serta para peserta didik mampu menjadikan SMP MGS menjadi sekolah berprestasi sekaligus sekolah favorit di Kota Semarang. Kata Kunci: Pengembangan, Budaya Sekolah, SMP Maria Gorreti Semarang References: Danim, S. (2007). Visi Baru Manajemen Sekolah. Jakarta: Bumi Aksara. Daryanto (2015). Pengelolahan Budaya & Iklim Sekolah. Yogyakarta: Gava Media. Departemen Pendidikan Nasional (Depdiknas). (2007). Manajemen Berbasis Sekolah. Jakarta: Ditjen Dikdasmen Direktorat Pembinaan Pendidikan Sekolah Menengah Pertama. Dewi, M. P. R. (2015). Internalisasi Budaya Sekolah Berbasis Islam (Studi Kasus di Madrasah Tsanawiyah Negeri 1 Model Palangka Raya). Skripsi tidak dipublikasikan, Universitas Palangka Raya: Program Studi Manajemen Pendidikan. Dewi, R. N. L. (2015). Motivasi Orang Tua Memilih Sekolah Berbasis Agama di MI Tahassus Prapagkidul Kecamatan Pituruh Kabupaten Purworejo. Skripsi tidak dipublikasikan, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta: Program Studi Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar. Hafidhuddin, D., & Tanjung, H. (2003). Manajemen Syariah dalam Praktik. Jakarta: Gema Insani. Husni, M. (2015). Budaya Sekolah dan Peningkatan Mutu Pendidikan. Diakses pada 25 Agustus 2018 dari: https://www.academia.edu/28569029/Budaya_Sekolah_ Dan_Peningkatkan_Mutu_Pendidikan. Miles, Matthew, B. & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Analisis Data Kualitatif Buku Sumber Tentang Metode-Metode Baru. Jakarta: UI-Press. Robbins, S. P. (1994). Teori Organisasi Struktur, desain & Aplikasi. Jarkarta: Arcan. Robbins, S. P. (2015). Perilaku Organisasi. Jakarta: Penerbit Salemba Empat. Siswanto. (2017). Apa dan Bagaimana Mengembangkan Kultur Sekolah. Klaten: Bosscript. SMP Maria Gorreti. (2017). Panduan Akademik dan Budi Pekerti SMP Maria Gorreti Semarang. Diakses pada 27 Maret 2018 dari: http://smpmariagoretti.sch.id/ panduanakademikdanbudipekerti. Sonhadji, A. (2007). Optimalisasi dalam Rangka Penjaminan Mutu Program Studi S1 PGSD. Makalah disajikan pada Workshop Optimalisasi Tata Pamong S1 PGSD Universitas PGRI Adi Buana Surabaya, 14 September 2007. Sonhadji, A. (2012). Manusia, Teknologi, dan Pendidikan Menuju Peradaban Baru. Malang: Penerbit Universitas Negeri Malang. Sudrajat, A. (2010). Pengembangan Budaya Sekolah. 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Covid-19 has changed the learning process from class attendance to distance learning using the Internet. Early childhood education is threatened to enter into the lost generation, due to distance learning, which causes confusion for teachers and parents to be able to provide the best stimulation for them. Therefore, the Indonesian government made a new policy on online learning. The objectives of this research are to find how effective at online learning policy formulation, how productive it is in policy implementation, and what are the obstacles of the implementation at Early-Childhood Education (ECE). This qualitative research uses a mixed method approach with an iterative analysis design, conducted in Central Java Province in 35 districts / cities with 1,899 respondents. Data collection techniques with open-closed questionnaires, study from 15 documentation, and in-depth interviews. Data analysis uses quantitative-qualitative software Nvivo12+, with Miles and Huberman models. The results showed the policy formulation of online learning at ECE has been effective. However, the implementation of online learning policy at ECE still takes a lot of effort to become more powerful in preventing a decline in learning. There are five obstacles in in applying this in the field, namely the ability of teachers, the ability of parents, economic capability, facility constraints, and pedagogical constraints. Keywords: Online Learning Policy; Children Engagement; Learning Management System References Allen, I. E., Seaman, J. (2013). Changing course: Ten years of tracking online education in the United States. ERIC, ISBN 0984028838. Asilestari, P. (2016). Komputer Interaktif sebagai Media Pengajaran Bahasa Inggris pada Anak Usia Dini. Jurnal Obsesi: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 2, n. 1, p. 55-62. Association, I. I. S. P. (2018). Penetrasi & Profil Perialku Pengguna Internet Indonesia. Coates, H. (2006). 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Introduction: Tilapias (Family Cichlidae) are among the freshwater fish species suitable for aquaculture and widely cultivated globally because of their fast growth rate, efficient use of natural aquatic foods, propensity to consume a variety of supplementary feeds, omnivorous feeding habits, resistance to disease and handling, ease of reproduction in captivity, and tolerance to wide ranges of environmental conditions Aims: Experiment was conducted to evaluate the growth performance of Oreochromis niloticus fed varying levels of Basella alba leave based diets. Materials and Methods: O. niloticus fingerlings (1.95±0.01g) were randomly selected and distributed into 15 glass tanks at the rate of 15 fish per tank representing five treatments and three replicates. Five diets were formulated to containing (0, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 g/100kg diets) of B. alba were prepared and fed to the fish for 70 days. Results: The results revealed that weight gain, specific growth rate, feed intake and feed conversion ratio improved progressively up to the inclusion level of 2.0 g/100g of B. alba leave meal and then declined indicating 2.0g/100g B. alba leave meal as the optimum level that can promote the growth performance of the fish. However, 4th degree polynomial regression analysis indicated the optimum level as about 2.1 g/100g diet. It was observed that there was no significant difference in the survival (p > 0.05) of the fish fed diets with different B. alba leave meal. Conclusion: Based on the results obtained from this present study, it could be concluded that 2.0-2.1 g/100kg of B. alba leave can be included in the diets of O. niloticus fingerlings for optimum growth performance.

Modern Indian nationalist thought has dealt with political ideas such as freedom, equality, liberty, democracy, so on and so forth. The idea of freedom received enough attention on the part of most of the modern Indian political thinkers. However, the idea of freedom as envisaged by the nationalist thinkers did not receive positive response from the other stream of modern Indian thought. Dalit-Bahujan political thinkers questioned the narration of freedom as propagated by the nationalist thinkers. Nationalist thinkers aspired for universal values and at the same time reaffirmed ancient religious principles. Such effort was questioned and doubted by the other thinkers of modern India. Thus, one can find different narrations of freedom, such as social, economic and political. The social categories such as caste, class and gender became bases for their narration on the idea of freedom. The ideas and arguments of B. G. Tilak, M. K. Gandhi, Pandita Ramabai, Jyotiba Phule, B. R. Ambedkar E. M. S. Namboodripad and others would help in larger understanding of the idea of freedom.

The private higher education system has been facing many challenges in the history of its development, which was harshly handled by the different points of view of political regimes. The system in the general higher education system in all over the world has slowly and weakly improved. Until the 80s of the 20th century, the system revived and obviously developed thanks to the increasing educating demand although many countries were facing financial difficulties to support it. In Vietnam, the private higher education system appeared by 1975 in the south, but this model and the its regulations had been forgotten until the beginning of the 90s of 20th century. 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