Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „B G Tilakas“

Bal Gangadhar Tilak (1856–1920) attempted throughout his public life to mobilize the Indian populace for mass political action. He did this by means of his speeches, journalism, leadership and philosophy. His desire was to throw off the yoke of British colonialism, to deliver his countrymen out of bondage. To this end Tilak sought a cogent and comprehensive, yet distinctly Indian, justification for anti-British pro-Hindu activism. He believed that the divergent sects of India could converge to form ‘a mighty Hindu nation’ if they would only follow the original principles of the Hindu tradition as set forth in such texts as the Rāmāyana and the Bhagavadgītā. And this convergence should be the goal of all Hindus.1 Tilak's interpretations of these texts, especially the Gītā, provided him with his ‘justification’ which rationalized his political work in religious guise.

Abstract This study aims to determine the process of participatory management in the development of religious culture in Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Negeri (MIN) 2 Bandung City. This research uses descriptive qualitative method. The type of data collected in this study is qualitative data. The type of data collected in this study is qualitative data. Data collection is done by: a) observation, b) interview, and c) documentation. The results of this study indicate that: 1) The religious culture development program at MIN 2 Bandung, which is the first and most consistent priority, consists of six programs, namely: a) 5S Culture (Smiles, Greetings, Greetings, Polite and Courteous), b) Pray when starting and ending learning, c) Dhuha Prayer, d) Dhuhr Prayer in congregation, e) Tilawah and Tahfidz Al-Qur'an Before learning, f) Infaq every Friday; 2) The implementation or participatory management process in the development of religious culture in MIN 2 Bandung City is indicated by the existence of: a) The existence of participatory leadership, b) The implementation of participatory management indicators, c) The existence of a decision making model, d) The visible implementation of participatory management, e) The existence of participatory management delegation, f) Implementation of delegation procedures, g) Self management team. Keywords: Participatory Management, Religious Culture Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui proses manajemen partisipatif dalam pengembangan budaya religius di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Negeri (MIN) 2 Kota Bandung. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dekriptif. Jenis data yang dikumpulkan dalam penelitian ini adalah data kualitatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara: a) observasi, b) wawancara, dan c) dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa: 1) Program pengembangan budaya religius di MIN 2 Kota Bandung yang menjadi prioritas utama dan konsisten dilaksanakan terdiri atas enam program, yaitu: a) Budaya 5S (Senyum, Salam, Sapa, Sopan, dan santun), b) Berdoa ketika mengawali dan mengakhiri pembelajaran, c) Shalat Dhuha, d) Shalat Dzuhur berjama’ah, e) Tilawah dan Tahfidz Al-Qur’an Sebelum belajar, f) Infaq setiap hari jum’at; 2) Penerapan atau proses manajemen partisipatif dalam pengembangan budaya religius di MIN 2 Kota Bandung ditunjukan dengan adanya: a) Adanya kepemimpinan partisipatid, b) Dilaksanakannya indikator manajemen partisipatif, c) Adanya model pengambilan keputusan, d) Terlihatnya implementasi manajemen partisipatif, e) Adanya pendelegasian, f) Dilaksanakannya tata cara pendelegasian, g) Self management team. Kata kunci:Manajemen Partisipatif, Budaya Religius

This essay revises the common assumption that non-violence has been central to political modernity in India. The “extremist” nationalist B. G. Tilak, through a foundational philosophical reinterpretation of the Bhagavad Gita, created a modern theology of the Indian “political”. Tilak did so by directly confronting the question of the possibility of the “event” of war and the ethics of the conversion of kinsmen into enemies. Writing in the aftermath of the Swadeshi movement and from a prison cell in Rangoon, Tilak interpreted action as sacrificial duty that created a vocabulary of violence in which killing was naturalized. Violence, whether conceptual or otherwise, was not directed towards the “outsider” but was of meaning only when directed against the intimate. Unlike the distinction between friend and foe that has been taken as central to the understanding of the political in the twentieth century, it was instead the fraternal–enmity issue that framed the modern political in India. Tilak foregrounded the idea of a de-historicized political subject, whose existence was entirely dependent upon the event of violence itself. This helps to explain both the unprecedented violence that accompanied freedom and partition in 1947 and also the fact that it has remained unmemorialized to the present day.

The main challenge in tilapia rearing (Oreochromis niloticus) is the high cost of feed. To address this, using local raw materials in making feed is an attempt to reduce costs. However, the presence of phytic acid content can hinder fish growth, so the addition of phytase becomes necessary. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of dietary phytase on protein efficiency ratio and tilapia growth. This research was conducted in Loka Muntilan, Magelang, Central Java, Indonesia. A total of 240 tilapias with an average weight of 12.88±0.2 g/fish were used for this study. Four treatments, namely treatments A, B, C, and D, were implemented with phytase additions of 0; 0.25; 0.5; and 0.75 g/kg of feed, respectively. The results revealed that dietary phytase significantly influenced total feed consumption (TFC), feed conversion ratio (FCR), feed utilization efficiency (FUE), protein efficiency ratio (PER), and relative growth rate (RGR) values (P = .05), but not the fish survival rate (P = .05). The most favorable outcome was achieved with a phytase dose of 0.75 g/kg of feed (i.e., treatment D), with the following values: TFC 548.74±2.58 g, FCR 1.38±0.03, FUE 70.11±0.69%, PER 2.33±0.02%, and RGR 2.65±0.04% per day, respectively.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kepercayaan masyarakat jawa bagian timur yang dikhususkan pada kepercayaan terhadap makhluk halus dan makna simbolik dari budaya jawa yang telah dilakukan. Data dalam penelitian ini berwujud frase, kalimat, dan ungkapan yang terdapat dalam novel KKN di Desa Penari karya Simpleman. Sedangkan, sumber data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu novel KKN di Desa Penari karya Simpleman. Teknik analisis data menggunakan teknik deskriptif analisis. Teknik deskriptif analisis dilakukan dengan mendeskripsikan data-data yang ada kemudian disusul dengan analisis menggunakan Interpretatif simbolik Clifford Geertz. Hasil penelitian ini yaitu sebagai berikut. (1) Kepercayaan terhadap makhluk halus jenis gendruwo, (2) makna simbolik budaya Jawa yang terepresentasi dalam novel KKN di desa penari karya Simplemen ditunjukan 7 macam hal yaitu, (a) tapak tilas, (b) pemakaman, (c) sendang, (d) sesajen, (e) tempat wingit, (f) tumbal, (g) gamelan.

AbstractThis article studies the extraordinarily broad advocacy of military enlistment by India's political and intellectual elites during the First World War. Though often interpreted as politically motivated, it shows above all a preoccupation with the enlivening effects of military experience—in particular its development of courage and manliness. In this it followed an established pattern of Indian elite concern with martiality. It also reflected anxieties of Indian weakness and effeminacy—something elites indicted themselves for, but which, importantly, they assumed to be more generally prevalent. Sampling calls for enlistment in the public space throughout the war, the article focuses on Bombay Presidency—a region that gave rise to such prominent Indian voices for enlistment as M. K. Gandhi, B. G. Tilak, and M. A. Jinnah. Bombay's recent experience of relative exclusion from military recruitment, and from membership of the ‘martial races’, was representative of much of India. This article enables us to view the effects of such ‘demartialization’ away from the classic case of Bengal. It suggests that it helped to inspire the call to enlist, especially as public spokesmen for the ‘martial race’ ideology explicitly linked martiality with manliness. The concern for enlistment ultimately superseded political calculation even for so hard-nosed a politician as Tilak. And though elites were most obviously concerned for their own martial vigour and leadership, they were also concerned with the manliness of the bulk of India's population, especially in Gandhi's conception of war as a preparation forsatyagraha.

The article discusses the content of Mahabharata and Ramayana, the Smriti genre widely distributed in the world of Indian literature, with an emphasis on theoretical research. World literary scholars and Turkish scholars analyzed the work of Mahabharata and Ramayana called this work the “Encyclopedia of Ancient Indians” and analyzed the role of heroes as the embodiment of piety, heroism and wisdom of society. Also in the epic of the Mahabharata which describes the bloodshed of two generations includes a religious philosophical poem called “Bhagavad-Gita”. A detailed analysis of the time interval and premises of the Bhagavad-Gita was made. The history of the Bhagavad-Gita, the religious and philosophical ancient Indian memorial written in Sanskrit, takes a huge amount of time. However, this issue is controversial, therefore, each scientist expresses his opinion on this matter. Currently, theoretical studies are being carried out in the genre of commitment B. Tilak J. Belvalkri, Sri Gopal Bazu Malik, Yoganda Paramahansa, Radhakrishnan S., Roy M.A. along with Indian scholars and the European Union. Bopp, L. Schroeder, S. Sorensen, G. Bulle, U. Ruben, and others. works of domestic and foreign scientists.