Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Axoum“

Background Several large health care systems in the United States have pioneered the integration of dentistry into their medical care delivery models. To date, no studies or case reports on combining medical information into the dental electronic health record within U.S. academic dental centers were found in the extant literature. Objective This report details how we developed and implemented customized primary care elements into axiUm, a popular dental practice management software primarily used in dental schools, to facilitate medical–dental clinical integration. This work was undertaken to provide the infrastructure for nurse practitioners and dentists to deliver a holistic, integrated, person-centered approach to care. Methods A multidisciplinary design team used the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Framework for Patient-centered Health Risk Assessments, an evidence-based framework to guide the adaptation of the existing axiUm dental record. The design featured individual data fields to source data, generate reports, and analyze information to improve clinical care and operations. Results To date, medical information on more than 260 dental patients over 600 clinic visits has been documented in the adapted electronic health record. Conclusion The customization capability of axiUm facilitated efficient and effective development and implementation processes. Training and user support were essential for effective implementation and led to further system refinements.

Recanalization of previously coiled aneurysms remains a major drawback of endovascular aneurysm therapy. We performed a prospective single arm trial to provide early initial data regarding the safety and angiographic durability of a new coil technology, the Axium MicroFX Polyglycolic/polylactic acid (PGLA) coil, which was designed to lower recanalization rates. Fifteen patients (16 aneurysms) were prospectively enrolled. Demographic and peri-procedural data were collected. Angiographic images of the initial coil embolization and three to six month follow-up angiographic images underwent blinded evaluation. Seven (47%) SAH and eight (53%) elective patients were enrolled. Blinded evaluation of the initial embolization demonstrated that 5/16 (31%) aneurysms achieved Raymond grade 1, 5/16 (31%) grade 2 and 6/16 (38%) grade 3. Three to six month angiography was obtained in 12/15 patients (80%); two patients expired (1 SAH, 1 elective) and one was lost to follow-up (SAH). All patients who underwent follow-up angiography had a mRS ≤1. Blinded evaluation of embolization demonstrated 7/13 aneurysms (54%) improved in Raymond grading, five (38%) were stable and one aneurysm (8%) worsened. One patient developed an asymptomatic peri-aneurysmal parent vessel stenosis. Axium MicroFX coils appear to be safe, though the small number of patients in this series obviates comparative analysis with other series. Further studies are needed with more patients to compare the angiographic durability of Axium MicroFX coils to other coils.

La recherche, développée dans le cadre du doctorat réalisé en cotutelle entre la Sorbonne Université à Paris et l'Institut Pontifical d'Archéologie Chrétienne à Rome, s'est concentrée sur l'origine du christianisme de part et d'autre du sud de la Mer Rouge entre le IVe et le VIIIe siècle. Si les sources historiques et littéraires présentent une évangélisation précoce de ces régions, datée de la seconde moitié du IVe siècle, les données archéologiques et matérielles montrent que la nouvelle religion n'a commencé à laisser des traces tangibles de sa présence qu'à partir du VIe siècle. À partir du réexamen de tout le matériel publié complété par de nouvelles données issues des récentes fouilles menées par la mission italo- pontificale engagée, entre 2017 et 2020, sur le site érythréen d'Adulis, il a été possible de reconstruire une nouvelle image de la christianisation de ces zones, périphériques par rapport au monde méditerranéen, qui a mis en évidence comment les régions du sud de la mer Rouge représentent un véritable carrefour de cultures, de sociétés, d'idées et de croyances qui sont clairement visibles à la fois dans la coexistence des trois grandes religions monothéistes (judaïsme, christianisme et islam) et dans le mélange stylistique qui anime les preuves matérielles architecturales, iconographiques et décoratives présentes dans les édifices chrétiens. En effet, ces derniers représentent une synthèse parfaite des modèles architecturaux de référence du bassin méditerranéen, en particulier de la zone syro-palestinienne, de l'Égypte et de l'Afrique du Nord, qui atteignent ces régions grâce au vaste réseau de communication des routes terrestres et maritimes qui placent cette zone au centre du système complexe de connexions entre l'Orient et l'Occident
The research, developed within the framework of the doctorate conducted in cotutorship between Sorbonne Université in Paris and the Pontifical Institute of Christian Archaeology in Rome, focused on the origin of Christianity on the two shores of the southern Red Sea between the 4th and 8th centuries. If the historical and literary sources present an early evangelisation of these regions, dated to the second half of the 4th century, the archaeological and material data show that the new religion did not begin to leave transgressible traces of its presence until the 6th century. Starting from the re-examination of all the published material supplemented with new data from the recent excavations conducted by the Italian-Pontifical mission engaged, between 2017 and 2020, in the Eritrean site of Adulis, it has been possible to reconstruct a new picture of the Christianisation of these areas peripheral to the Mediterranean world that has highlighted how the southern Red Sea regions represent a true crossroads of cultures, societies, ideas and beliefs that are clearly visible both in the coexistence of the three great monotheistic religions (Judaism, Christianity and Islam) and in the stylistic mix that animates the architectural, iconographic and decorative material evidence present in Christian cult buildings. In fact, the latter represent a perfect synthesis of the architectural models of reference of the Mediterranean basin, in particular the Syrian-Palestinian area, Egypt and North Africa, which reach these regions thanks to the extensive communication network of land and sea routes that place this area at the centre of the intricate system of connections between East and West

In this essay we give an elementary introduction to topology so that we can prove Tychonoff’s theorem, and also its equivalence with the axiom of choice.
Denna uppsats tillhandahåller en grundläggande introduktion till topologi för att sedan bevisa Tychonoff’s theorem, samt dess ekvivalens med urvalsaxiomet.

La tesi si propone, dopo una panoramica generale sullo stato dell'arte in termini di software e concorrenza, l'obiettivo di studiare il modello ad attori ed analizzarne alcune significative implementazioni. Scelta quindi una specifica implementazione come caso di studio, in particolare il linguaggio AXUM in ambiente .NET, si entrerà nel dettaglio di tale linguaggio, analizzandone tutti gli aspetti e valutandone le potenzialità. Infine, sarà affrontata una breve ma significativa analisi critica sul linguaggio scelto.

The present essay entitled as “The Christian empire of the Roman East and the kingdom of Axum from Constantine the great to Justinian” aims to investigate the political, economical and military interconnection between the early Byzantine Empire and the kingdom of Axum - during the period from 324 to 565 A. D. as well as to point out the influence exerted on Axum thereby. All through the introduction part, the criteria of setting the time limits in the essay, with regard to the Byzantine and Axum history, are exposed. In addition, a reference to the primary and side historical sources is made furthermore, the methodology used and the restricted area in which it is confined, are specified. The difficulties that arouse during the elaboration and the presentation of the material are also mentioned. Finally the title of the essay is justified and further clarification concerning the terminology is provided. The first chapter proposes a general review of the historical course of the kingdom of Axum, starting from the 1st century A. D., when the first reference to the city of Axum appears to have been made, to the close of the 6th century. The intercourse between the people of Axum and the Greco-Roman world is initially underlined as in succession to the bounds priory forged by the Ptolemies and Hellenistic Egypt. The Greek influence on the foundations of the civilization of Axum is therefore attested. Another theory is also framed; it claims that the fact that Axum made its mark as a great eastern power in the Red sea is closely associated with the promotion of the Greco-roman interests in this particular area. Further to this, Axum’s historical course from the 4th to the 6th post-christian century presented, a period mainly marked by the formal recognition of christianism in both Byzantium and Axum. There is a reference to the dominant leading figure of the kingdom of Axum during the 4th century, Ezana, as well as to his part in the Axum’s conversion to Christianity. A Graeco- Tyrian’s man contribution, named Frumentius, to this procedure was indeed decisive; he promoted the diffusion of christianism from his position as the underage king’s guardian and actual administrator of the state cases. At this point of this chapter a mention in the second most significant moment in the history of Axum is made, the one that initiates at the close of the 5th century by Tazena and is brought to completion during the 6th century, that is, during the reign of his son Caleb or Ella Asbeha. It‘s only then that Axum plays a leading role in southern Arabia bringing the state of the Himyarites under its control and converting it to Christianity. These facts of the 6th century being considered as the most critical factors for the relations between Byzantium and Axum take up a very important place throughout the whole essay and are fully developed in the third and last subdivision of the first chapter. The historical review concludes with the present of the events that led to losing control in S. Arabia and to the 198 submission of the latter to Persian control. From that point on the relations between Byzantium and Axum loosen up until they are irreversibly broken off after the Arabian expansion and possession of Egypt in the 7th century. The state of Axum was confined to its African part and was actually cut off from trade activities in the East. The second chapter looks into the relationships between the Byzantine Empire and Axum. We consider the conversion of the country to Christianity as the peak point in its evolution and historical course. Therefore, in the introductory part of this chapter, we refer to the circumstances under which the conversion took place. Rating the country’s position , in regard to the sea routes of the eastern trade , as of major significance for the Byzantine interests and considering that the Byzantium ‘s posture associated directly to the Byzantine – Persian rivalry we speak of cite the connection between these two great empires as well as the correlation of the forces in the wider area. Within this context we place the conversion of Axum which we consider as an event of great political and economical significance. We the relations between Byzantium and Axum begin based on economicalcommercial grounds, as it is believed that this kind of contact has been the main pattern on which the rest of the contacts unfolded. The great importance of agricultural economy for Axum is ascertained, yet its tremendous growth is linked to trade activities. Moving on in the chapter the part Axum played as far as the Byzantine interests in the Red sea are concerned is investigated. It is believed that the two countries’ benefit were not at all opposed to each other, on the contrary, the two powers took action within the same space in a supplementary way and the port of Adoulis developed into a famous trading port for the product of the East to be promoted to the Byzantine markets. The people of Axum are reckoned to have passed over the Yemenites in this role mostly because the Jewish penetration into the Yemeni nation, which rendered them too precarious to be Byzantine allies. The proposition made to Caleb by Justinian for a commercial and military collaboration against the Persian interests is substantial evidence of the aforesaid relations. Axum appears to have played a smaller part with regard to the relations between the Byzantines and the Blemmyes and Nobades. As a conclusion to this attempt at investigating this economic intercourse, there is a reference to the direct commercial contact between the two countries’ citizens, as these emerge in texts and documents of that time. The second part of the first chapter deals with the military relations between Byzantium and Axum. These relations are considered to be of great significance on the grounds that Byzantium in many cases often foresaw the potentially active military power of Axum, which could be used as a lever of pressure. Initially we set out the belief that the Graeco-roman world was never opposed to Axum’s strengthening, to which, on the contrary, it has never been given great support as likey as not. Following up, we try to pinpoint possible challenges between the two countries, investigating the incidents that connect to Frumentiu’s imprisonment and the Axumite’s presence in Palmyra. We believe that Axum was never against Byzantium but it never made common cause with it directly, either. It did, however, back up the Byzantine interests in an indirect way. We can sustain this allegation in regard to the operations against the Blemmyes, who caused far less troubles to the southern border of the Byzantine empire in Egypt, when they were under the control of Axum. In 199 the last part of the chapter about military relations, an elaborate mention of the military activity of the Axumites in southern Arabia during the 6th century is made. These operations aimed at restraining the Jewish extension towards the state of the Himyarites, which would be prejudicial to both Ethiopian and Byzantine interests. The Axumites’ activation in this area emerged as a result of formal collaboration with the Empire. The Homeritic state was converted to christianism and was put under Axum’s control. As a Christian nation ventured expeditions with the intention of controlling the tribes in the centre and north of the Arabian peninsula, who are at great service for the Byzantine empire. The third part of the second chapter is dedicated to political relations. These relations tie in closely with the general competition between the Byzantine- Persian Empire. Therefore, Byzantium used Axum as an allied power. It is claimed that the conversion of Axum was a political choice, promoted by Byzantium, in an attempt to arm itself against the Persian threat. On the other hand, this choice is secured the political and economical interests of Axum, which at the same time sought after the preservation of its independence. This chapter concludes with the examination of the diplomatic relations between the two states it refers to their intercourse during the 4th and 6th, certified by the sources. We ascertain that their contacts were based on the religious kindred of the two countries. The Byzantine emperor approached the king of Axum counting on his alleged role as the protector of the Christians all over the world, demonstrating his paternal concern. The impressions left by these contacts were determinative of the Axumites’ view of things, although their actual results were scanty. They prove, however, how important it was for the Byzantine to form a common Christian front as a checking mechanism against the Persian aspirations on the territory. The third chapter of the essay examines the Byzantine influence that is believed to have proceeded from Byzantium to Axum. It is originally detected in the field of economy, in connection with the currency, the weights and measures in commercial use, the economical set up and commissariat as well in taxation. Further to this we establish various similarities in the way institutions are formed and function. These similarities are pinpointed in the monarchy constitution and particularly in the ideology that associates with the king’s figure and power, his presence, the titles in which he is addressed and the process that lead him to the royal office. Moreover, the noble council that surrounded the king presents great resemblance to the Byzantine “senate”. Little influence on the military set-up and commissariat is thought likely, as well. Finally, the part of the Byzantine effect is visible in the organization of the Church, which also works as vehicle of a wide range of effects on Axum. Such influence can be found in the state’s political set-up, in both central and provincial government. In addition, through the study of legislative sources, we can ascertain an effect on legislation and dispensation of justice. The judicial powers, at the head of which is the king himself, along with some of his officials, appears to have received the influence stemming from the Byzantine equivalent. Moreover, the legislation, as far as both its principals and procedural system are concerned, has been greatly influenced by Christian ethics as well as by the contemporary Byzantine legislative codes. Moving further in this chapter, we detect the effects on the ideology, political and social. At this point, it becomes clear that many of the fundamental ideas of the Byzantine ideology can be found into the Axumite’s beliefs. Such ideas refer 200 to the sacredness of the king, the state’s origins and role, which is believed to be universal. Axum’s self-awareness and particularly the perception of their position among other nations has likewise been affected by Byzantium. At this point we refer to the way the Byzantines saw Axum. Due to serious lack of historical evidence regarding the society of Axum, we can spot very little influence in their social ideology. This chapter concludes with a pinpointing of the influence on the way Axum organized its diplomatic protocol and performed foreign policy. The essay closes with the last part, the conclusion where the main deductions are concisely recapitulated; the deductions to which we were led during our study on the character and role of this state in the international scenery of that time.
Prof. B. Hendrickx

This chapter engages with the Axum Stele (or Obelisk, as it is popularly known), a large monument that originally sat in Axum, Ethiopia, as a memento of an old and powerful civilization. In the Italian Conquest of Ethiopia, it was taken to Rome by Mussolini’s troops, and it stood for several years in front of the Italian Ministry of the Colonies. Eventually, the monument was returned to Ethiopia, in a negotiation involving not only the governments of Italy and Ethiopia, but also, most notably, UNESCO and the African Union. This chapter examines discourses around the restitution, reassembly, and ‘reinauguration’ of the Stele in Ethiopia, as a means to showcase the ways international law interacts with the social life of an object, and particularly the field of international cultural heritage law, highlighting tensions involving colonialism, internationalism, expert rule, and the uses of internationalized objects in domestic politics.

In recent years, the chronology and original content of Ayla-Axum amphorae have been widely disputed. Developing research on these vessels has contributed to various ideas, but a comprehensive summary of all knowledge has never been provided, and no conclusion has ever been drawn. This paper aims to establish the first typo‑chronological outline of these container types, to indicate the most probable content based on new pottery evidence from Berenike and Khirbet eḏ-Ḏarīḥ, and to integrate it with a distribution pattern analysis of pottery imports from Ayla/Aqaba, supported by zooarchaeological finds. The research focuses on Ayla-Axum amphorae finds from the Red Sea region (between Southern Transjordan and Southern Arabia), extending beyond the amphorae category to other transport forms originating from the kilns of Ayla/Aqaba.

This presentation aims to analyse the representation of power and its subsequent overturning, in relation to postcolonial art in Italy. Works such as Pays Barbare by Yervant Gianikian and Angela Ricci Lucchi, Alessandra Ferrini's Negotiating Amensia or The Return of the Axum Obelisk by Theo Esthetu, use editing process and the video medium to decolonize images through artistic postproduction of archival material related to imperialist visual propaganda. In this way, the same picture is placed and recontextualized within another picture, leading the image to take on a different meaning, calling into question its relationship to power.

Abstract Throughout this region, Christians encountered well-entrenched followers of traditional religions that remained viable into the sixth century. In North Africa, Carthaginian and Amazigh traditions were influenced by Egyptian, Greek, and Roman practices before widespread conversion beginning in the third century. North Africa became a center of Orthodoxy (Tertullian and Augustine) as well as a source of resistance to the dominant churches (Circumcellions and Arians). Nubia remained a center of a traditional religion, heavily influenced by Egyptian religions, until it became predominantly Monophysite. Axum continued the practice of traditional religion until the reign of Ezana.

The challenges associated with prolonged human space exploration missions require sustainable and innovative approaches to ensure the health and well-being of astronauts. Many indigenous plants around the world can potentially serve as valuable resources for long-duration space missions. The raw material Ischnosiphon Axouma commonly known as (Terite) is indigenous to the island of Trinidad. Before the 15th century, terite was used in weaving by the island's indigenous inhabitants to make household items, such as baskets for fishing, jewelry, and utensils that lasted a lifetime. Some of the weaving techniques used have been passed on to generations and are present today. The terite is cut from the stalk and split into equal widths to extract the raw material strands. The roots are left intact to ensure continuous growth; they self-replenish. The strands produce eco-friendly craft items such as; tabletops, lampshades, book covers, plates, teacup holders, and more. The leaves have the potential to be used to make sanitary plates and bowls. The inner part of the stalk is used as a natural fertilizer for plants. Thus most of the Terite plant can be utilised with minimum wastage. In this paper, a design thinking approach is outlined to help us identify and evaluate potential experiments that could yield innovative solutions to the challenges of space habitation. It also identifies the areas of study and the considerations that are necessary to long-duration space travel and the potential for the development of space tourism within the Caribbean region.In this paper, we propose potential experiments to begin to explore terite as a sustainable and multifunctional resource in space. The experiments are as follows:(1) Cultivation and processing: Experiments done in this area would focus on optimizing the cultivation and processing of Terite in space habitats and other planets. This would involve testing the feasibility of growing Terite in different conditions, including various lighting and temperature settings. Additionally, we would investigate the best methods for processing Terite, such as drying and extracting its fibres, to maximize its usefulness as a resource.(2) Construction Application: these experiments would examine Terite's potential applications as a material for construction in space habitats. We would test its mechanical properties, such as its tensile strength, elasticity, and toughness, to determine its suitability for different engineering applications and astronaut personal items to survive under space conditions. Additionally, we would investigate its compatibility with other materials commonly used in space habitats, such as metals and plastics.(3) Reinforced 3D printing: the experiment would aim to determine whether Terite fibers can be a useful and sustainable reinforcement for 3D printing in space, providing additional strength and durability to printed objects while reducing the need for synthetic materials.By taking a design thinking approach, we can not only explore the potential of Terite as a valuable resource for space exploration and long-duration space missions but also uncover new opportunities for innovation and collaboration across different fields and disciplines. Ultimately, this approach can help us design more sustainable, efficient, and user-centred solutions for the challenges of space habitation.