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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Awareness of collaboration“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Awareness of collaboration"
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Ardissono, Liliana, Gianni Bosio, Anna Goy, Giovanna Petrone, Marino Segnan und Fabrizio Torretta. „Collaboration Support for Activity Management in a Personal Cloud Environment“. International Journal of Distributed Systems and Technologies 2, Nr. 4 (Oktober 2011): 30–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jdst.2011100103.
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This paper describes a framework supporting the development of open collaboration environments which integrate heterogeneous business services. The framework facilitates the user cooperation in the execution of shared activities by offering a workspace awareness support which abstracts from the business services employed to operate. The management of the workspaces of the user’s collaborations is based on the functions offered by the Collaborative Task Manager (CTM), which offers a lightweight and flexible model for handling more or less complex collaborations. The CTM is integrated with business services in a loosely coupled way which supports the management of parallel workspaces for accessing the user’s collaboration contexts, their objects and the related awareness information.
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Zhang, Rui, Ji Shi und Jianwei Zhang. „Research on the Quality of Collaboration in Project-Based Learning Based on Group Awareness“. Sustainability 15, Nr. 15 (02.08.2023): 11901. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151511901.
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Project-based learning (PBL) is an important form of collaborative learning that has a significant positive impact on student capacity development. However, data generated during long periods of PBL are difficult to record in real time, and there is a dearth of specific empirical research on the relationship between the quality of collaboration and the effectiveness of collaboration. In this study, we employ text mining to measure and analyze process data from a college physics course that utilizes project-based learning at a university. Under the group awareness theory, we construct a project-based learning system and extract six multi-dimensional awareness data (including numbers of text, cognitive awareness, emotional awareness, behavioral awareness, social awareness of group members, and group leaders’ cognitive awareness of the project). These data are then utilized to build a multiple regression model, which enables the analysis of collaboration quality within collaborative groups. The results show that the group awareness information automatically processed by text mining can reflect the quality of collaboration, and the quality of collaboration can determine about 50% of the effectiveness of collaboration. The important factors affecting the collaboration quality of project-based learning were group leaders’ cognitive awareness of the project and the cognitive awareness of group members. Therefore, in order to improve the quality of collaboration in PBL, teachers should select responsible group leaders and encourage meaningful communication between group members, thereby fostering high-quality and sustainable collaboration development.
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Yang, Ying, Tim Dwyer, Michael Wybrow, Benjamin Lee, Maxime Cordeil, Mark Billinghurst und Bruce H. Thomas. „Towards immersive collaborative sensemaking“. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 6, ISS (14.11.2022): 722–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3567741.
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When collaborating face-to-face, people commonly use the surfaces and spaces around them to perform sensemaking tasks, such as spatially organising documents, notes or images. However, when people collaborate remotely using desktop interfaces they no longer feel like they are sharing the same space. This limitation may be overcome through collaboration in immersive environments, which simulate the physical in-person experience. In this paper, we report on a between-groups study comparing collaborations on image organisation tasks, in an immersive Virtual Reality (VR) environment to more conventional desktop conferencing. Collecting data from 40 subjects in groups of four, we measured task performance, user behaviours, collaboration engagement and awareness. Overall, the VR and desktop interface resulted in similar speed, accuracy and social presence rating, but we observed more conversations and interaction with objects, and more equal contributions to the interaction from participants within groups in VR. We also identified differences in coordination and collaborative awareness behaviours between VR and desktop platforms. We report on a set of systematic measures for assessing VR collaborative experience and a new analysis tool that we have developed to capture user behaviours in collaborative setting. Finally, we provide design considerations and directions for future work.
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Peeters, Ward. „Metacognitive awareness in foreign language learning through Facebook“. Dutch Journal of Applied Linguistics 4, Nr. 2 (31.12.2015): 174–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dujal.4.2.03pee.
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While over the past decade social network sites have enabled both learners and teachers to set up various forms of online collaborative learning environments, there is an ongoing discussion on how collaboration through these social media platforms can be situated with regard to the development of metacognitive awareness (Li, Pow & Cheung, 2015). This paper presents a study on the development of learners’ metacognitive awareness of first-year English majors collaborating in a closed Facebook group. The theoretical framework for the development of metacognition, proposed by Gunawardena et al. (2009), was used to analyse the students’ metacognitive strategies when working together online. The study shows that students utilise the social network site to complete given learning tasks, and extend their use of the forum by setting new learning goals and socialising with their peers. The students show that, through peer collaboration, they are able to evaluate and plan their learning process online.
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Bradbury, Hilary M. „Subtractive Awareness“. Journal of Awareness-Based Systems Change 3, Nr. 1 (31.05.2023): 17–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.47061/jasc.v3i1.5737.
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This paper is foremost about experiments in embodying a transformative narrative of a self that makes possible mutual collaborative practice with others. The focus is less on what we ought to think or do, but rather on subtracting, letting go, self-identities that are no longer fit for collaborative purpose. We refer to this as subtractive awareness by which we mean becoming aware of obstacles that inhibit creative action with others. In a time when dominant narratives call for endless growth, accumulation and addition, there is perhaps an overlooked value in subtraction practiced in support of collaboration. We align with writers such as Jason Hickel (2020), and practitioners in the degrowth movement to argue that in an era of perpetual expansion, “less is more.”
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GRUSHKO, STEFAN, ALES VYSOCKY, JIRI SUDER, LADISLAV GLOGAR und ZDENKO BOBOVSKY. „IMPROVING HUMAN AWARENESS DURING COLLABORATION WITH ROBOT: REVIEW“. MM Science Journal 2021, Nr. 6 (15.12.2021): 5475–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17973/mmsj.2021_12_2021181.
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Human-robot collaboration is a widespread topic within the concept of Industry 4.0. Such collaboration brings new opportunities to improve ergonomics and innovative options for manufacturing automation; however, most of the modern collaborative industrial applications are limited by the fact that neither collaborative side is fully aware of the partner: the human operator may not see the robot movement due to own engagement in the work process, and the collaborative robot simply has no means of knowing the position of the operator. Dynamic replanning of the robot trajectory with respect to the operator's current position can increase the efficiency and safety of cooperation since the robot will be able to avoid collisions and proceed in task completion; however, the other side of communication remains unresolved. This paper provides a review of methods of improving human awareness during collaboration with a robot. Covered techniques include graphical, acoustic and haptic feedback implementations. The work is focused on the practical applicability of the approaches, and analyses present challenges associated with each method.
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Henbest, Victoria S., Kenn Apel und Alexis Mitchell. „Speech-Language Pathologist–Guided Morphological Awareness Instruction in the General Education Classroom“. Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups 4, Nr. 5 (31.10.2019): 771–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2019_pers-sig1-2019-0003.
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Purpose Research has shown that instruction in morphological awareness improves students' understanding and use of affixes. However, morphological awareness instruction, typically, is not provided in the general education classroom, and there are few documented collaborations between teachers and speech-language pathologists (SLPs), the latter of whom have a unique expertise in language. Thus, the purpose of this article was to determine the feasibility of an SLP-guided morphological awareness instructional program in a general education classroom. Method After completing a webinar training in morphological awareness, 2 general education teachers implemented morphological awareness lessons in their classrooms over an 8-week period. The teachers and collaborating SLP met weekly to discuss the lessons. Following implementation of the lessons, the teachers completed a questionnaire surveying their opinions on the collaboration. They, along with their students, also completed pre- and postmeasures of their morphological awareness. Results Results indicated that the teachers' morphological awareness, as assessed by the morphological awareness measure, did not improve as a result of implementing the lessons; however, the teachers reported that they valued the collaboration and the importance of morphological awareness instruction. Most importantly, the students' morphological awareness skills increased significantly following receipt of the morphological awareness lessons. The effects of these gains were moderate to large. Conclusions Findings suggest that teachers with limited morphological awareness can successfully implement scripted morphological awareness lessons that result in meaningful gains in their students' morphological awareness. Limitations and suggestions for future research on the collaboration between SLPs and teachers are discussed.
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BAKER, DONALD, DIMITRIOS GEORGAKOPOULOS, HANS SCHUSTER und ANDRZEJ CICHOCKI. „AWARENESS PROVISIONING IN COLLABORATION MANAGEMENT“. International Journal of Cooperative Information Systems 11, Nr. 01n02 (März 2002): 145–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218843002000522.
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Collaboration management involves capturing the collaboration process, coordinating the activities of the participating applications and humans, and/or providing awareness, i.e. information that is highly relevant to a specific role and situation of a process participant. In this paper, we propose an awareness provisioning solution that allows focusing, customizing, and temporally constraining the awareness delivered to each process participant. Unlike existing collaboration management technologies (such as workflow and groupware) that provide only a few built-in awareness choices, the proposed awareness solution allows the specification of what information is to be given to what users and at what time. To support this advanced level of awareness, we require the definition of awareness roles and the specification of corresponding awareness descriptions. Awareness roles can be dynamically created and associated with any process scope. Awareness descriptions define what information is to be given to users in an awareness role. Since awareness roles are created or become visible when they are needed, the existence of an awareness role also determines the appropriate time interval during which the information specified in the awareness description can be delivered. This awareness provisioning approach minimizes information overloading and allows the combination of process-relevant information with external information as needed by the process participants. The proposed awareness provisioning solution is employed by the Collaboration Management Infrastructure (CMI), a federated system for collaboration process management. In this paper, we introduce an Awareness Model (AM) for creating awareness specifications and defining related execution semantics. Awareness specifications in AM are specialized composite event specifications that define patterns of process-related events and external events, as well as how information should be digested from them. We also describe the implementation of CMI's awareness provisioning engine and related tools.
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Strauß, Sebastian, und Nikol Rummel. „Promoting regulation of equal participation in online collaboration by combining a group awareness tool and adaptive prompts. But does it even matter?“ International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning 16, Nr. 1 (März 2021): 67–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11412-021-09340-y.
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AbstractUnequal participation poses a challenge to collaborative learning because it reduces opportunities for fruitful collaboration among learners and affects learners’ satisfaction. Social group awareness tools can display information on the distribution of participation and thus encourage groups to regulate the distribution of participation. However, some groups might require additional explicit support to leverage the information from such a tool. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of combining a group awareness tool and adaptive collaboration prompts on the distribution of participation during web-based collaboration. In this field experiment, students in a university level online course collaborated twice for two-weeks (16 groups in the first task; 13 groups in the second task) and either received only a group awareness tool, a combination of a group awareness tool and adaptive collaboration prompts, or no additional support. Our results showed that students were more satisfied when the participation in their group was more evenly distributed. However, we only found tentative support that the collaboration support helped groups achieve equal participation. Students reported rarely using the support for shared regulation of participation. Sequence alignment and clustering of action sequences revealed that groups who initiated the collaboration early, coordinated before solving the problem and interacted continuously tended to achieve an equal distribution of participation and were more satisfied with the collaboration. Against the background of our results, we identify potential ways to improve group awareness tools for supporting groups in their regulation of participation, and discuss the premise of equal participation during collaborative learning.
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Xie, Yunlong, und Gavriel Salvendy. „Awareness support for asynchronous engineering collaboration“. Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing 13, Nr. 2 (2003): 97–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hfm.10032.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDissertationen zum Thema "Awareness of collaboration"
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Almualla, Mohammed Humaid. „Collaborative cyber security situational awareness“. Thesis, Brunel University, 2017. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/16206.
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Situational awareness is often understood as the perception of environmental elements and comprehension of their meaning, and the projection of future status. The advancements in cyberspace technology have fuelled new business and opportunities, but also brought an element of risk to valued assets. Today, the growing gap between different types of cyber-attacks threatens governments and organisations, from individuals to highly organized sponsored teams capable of breaching the most sophisticated systems and the inability to cope with these emerging threats. There is a strong case to be made for effective Collaborative Cyber-Security Situational Awareness (CCSA) that is designed to protect valuable assets, making them more resilient to cybersecurity threats. Cybersecurity experts today must rethink the nature of security, and shift from a conventional approach that stresses protecting vulnerable assets to a larger, more effective framework with the aim of strengthening cyber assets, making them more resilient and part of a cybersecurity process that delivers greater value against cyber threats. This study introduces a new approach to understanding situational awareness of information sharing and collaboration using knowledge from existing situational awareness models. However, current situational awareness models lack resilience in supporting information systems infrastructure, addressing various vulnerabilities, identifying high priority threats and selecting mitigation techniques for cyber threats. The use of exploratory and explanatory analysis techniques executed by Structure Equation Modelling (SEM) allowed the examination of CCSA, in this study. Data from 377 cyber security practitioners affiliated to cybersecurity expert groups including computer emergency response team (CERT) and computer security incident response team (CSIRT) was gathered in the form of an electronic survey and analysed to discover insights and understand the mental model of those cybersecurity experts. Also, a finding from the SEM was the CSSA model aligned perfectly with the second-order Cybernetics model to test the theory in practice, confirming the possibility of using the proposed model in a practical application for this research. Furthermore, the SEM informed the design of the CCSA Environment where an empirical study was employed to verify and validate the CCSA theory in practice. In addition, the SEM informed the design of a behavioural anchor rating scale to measure participant situational awareness performance. The experiment results proved that when using the CCSA model and replicating real-world cyber-attack scenarios that the outcome of situational awareness performance was 61% more than those who did not employ the use of the CCSA model and associated dashboard tool. Further, it was found that both timeliness and accuracy are important in influencing the outcome of information sharing and collaboration in enhancing cyber situational awareness and decision-making. This thesis for the first time presents a novel CCSA theory which has been confirmed in practice. Firstly, this research work improves the outcome of effectiveness in cyber SA by identifying important variables related with the CCSA model. Second, it provides a new technique to measure operators' cyber SA performance. Secondly, it provides the necessary steps to employ information sharing in order to improve cyber security incorporated in the CCSA model. Finally, cybersecurity experts should collaborate to identify and close the gap between cybersecurity threats and execution capacity. The novel CCSA model validated in this research can be considered an effective solution in fighting and preventing cyber-attacks. Attainment of cyber security is driven by how information is both secured and presented between members to encourage the use of information sharing and collaboration to resolve cyber security threats in a timely and accurate manner. This research helps researchers and practitioners alike gain an understanding of key aspects of information sharing and collaboration in CSSA which is informed by the CCSA theory and new capability that the implementation of this theory has shown to deliver in practice.
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Niu, Shuo. „Investigating Awareness-Supporting Techniques in Co-located Sensemaking“. Diss., Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/99455.
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Co-located sensemaking has benefitted from multi-user multi-touch devices such as tabletops and wall-mounted displays. Sensemakers use these displays to establish personal workspaces in which to perform individual sensemaking tasks, while preserving a shared space for the exchange and integration of findings. A large open interaction space allows multiple sensemakers to interact with the display at the same time and to communicate with partners face-to-face. However, collaborative systems must balance the tradeoff between working separately to complete individual work, and the need to communicate and maintain collaborative awareness. Dividing the tasks and working at the same time might encourage more alternative exploration paths, but reduced social exchange could also lead to weak mutual understanding and increased effort for work integration. Furthermore, close collaboration on the same task increases mutual awareness, but the tendency toward one-person dominance or turn-taking interaction underutilizes individual time and space, thereby reducing the benefits of divide-and-conquer. The four studies introduced in this dissertation investigated co-located space factors for notifications and shared visualization as two awareness-supporting techniques to assist individual contribution and teamwork. The research identifies control, awareness, and communication as key co-located space factors to balance cooperation, coordination, contribution, and communication. Knowledge on how notification and visualization techniques affect the co-located factors is explored and summarized. The findings identify design knowledge to better balance the individual work and styles of collaboration. Finally, this dissertation concludes by examining how awareness-supporting techniques affect the relationship between control, awareness, and communication.Doctor of Philosophy
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Sanchez, Svensson Marcus. „Configuring awareness : work, interaction and collaboration in operating theatres“. Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.417385.
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Le, Chenechal Morgan. „Awareness Model for Asymmetric Remote Collaboration in Mixed Reality“. Thesis, Rennes, INSA, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ISAR0006/document.
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Etre capable de collaborer à distance avec d'autres personnes peut fournir de précieuses capacités pour effectuer des tâches qui ont besoin de plusieurs utilisateurs pour être accomplies. De plus, les technologies de Réalité Mixte (RM) sont des outils intéressants pour développer de nouveaux types d'applications offrant des interactions et des possibilités de perception plus naturelles comparées aux systèmes classiques. Dans cette thèse, nous proposons d'améliorer la collaboration distante en utilisant ces technologies de RM qui profitent de nos capacités naturelles à effectuer des tâches en environnements 3D. En particulier, nous nous concentrons sur les aspects asymétriques impliqués par ce type de collaboration : les rôles, le point de vue (PdV), les dispositifs et le niveau de virtualité de l'application de RM. Premièrement, nous nous intéressons aux problèmes d'awareness et nous proposons un modèle générique capable de décrire précisément une application de RM collaborative en prenant en compte les potentielles dimensions asymétriques. Afin de traiter toutes ces dimensions, nous séparons notre modèle final en deux niveaux qui distingue espaces réels et virtuels pour chaque utilisateur. Dans ce modèle, chaque utilisateur peut générer différents types d'entrées et recevoir des retours de significations différentes dans le but de maintenir leur propre awareness de l'Environnement Virtuel (EV) partagé. Puis, nous présentons une étude utilisateur exploratoire qui s'intéresse aux conséquences de l'asymétrie des PdVs et aux implications induites par la représentation des utilisateurs sur le niveau d'awareness des autres collaborateurs. Deuxièmement, nous appliquons ces observations dans un contexte de guidage à distance qui implique un guide distant aidant un opérateur à réaliser une tâche de maintenance. Pour ce cas d'usage, nous proposons à l'expert d'utiliser une interface de Réalité Virtuelle (AV) pour aider l'opérateur au travers d'une interface de Réalité Augmentée (RA). Nous contribuons à ce domaine en améliorant les capacités de perception de l'environnement distant par l'expert et en proposant des interactions plus naturelles pour guider l'opérateur au travers d'indications non intrusives et intégrées à son environnement réel. Finalement, nous abordons la tâche de co-manipulation qui est une situation encore plus sensible vis-à-vis de l'awareness en collaboration distante. Cette tâche requiert de viser une synchronisation parfaite entre les collaborateurs pour l'accomplir efficacement. Ainsi, le système doit fournir des retours appropriés pour maintenir un haut niveau d'awareness, spécialement concernant l'activité courante des autres. En particulier, nous proposons une technique de co-manipulation hybride, inspirée de notre cas d'utilisation précédent sur la guidage distant, qui mixe la manipulation d'objet virtuel et du PdV d'un autre utilisateurBeing able to collaborate remotely with other people can provide valuable capabilities in performing tasks that require multiple users to be achieved. Moreover, Mixed Reality (MR) technologies are great tools to develop new kinds of applications with more natural interactions and perception abilities compared to classical desktop setups. In this thesis, we propose to improve remote collaboration using these MR technologies that take advantages of our natural skills to perform tasks in 3D environments. In particular, we focus on asymmetrical aspects involved by these kind of collaboration: roles, point of view (PoV), devices and level of virtuality of the MR application. First, we focus on awareness issues and we propose a generic model able to accurately describe a collaborative MR application taking into account potential asymmetry dimensions. In order to address all these dimensions, we split our final model into two layers that separate real and virtual spaces for each user. In this model, each user can generate different kind of input and receive feedbacks with different meanings in order to maintain their own awareness of the shared Virtual Environment (VE). Then, we conduct an exploratory user study to explore the consequences of asymmetric PoVs and the involvement of users' representation in the level of awareness of others' collaborators. Second, we apply our findings to a remote guiding context that implies a remote guide to help an operator in performing a maintenance task. For this use case, we propose to the expert to use a Virtual Reality (VR) interface in order to help the operator through an Augmented Reality (AR) interface. We contribute to this field by enhancing the expert's perceptual abilities of the remote workspace as well as by providing more natural interactions to guide the operator through not intrusive guiding cues integrated to the real world. Last, we address an even more sensitive situation for awareness in remote collaboration that is virtual co-manipulation. It requires to target a perfect synchronization between collaborators in order to achieve the task efficiently. Thus, the system needs to provide appropriate feedbacks to maintain a high level of awareness, especially about what others are currently doing. In particular, we propose a hybrid co-manipulation technique, inspired from our previous remote guiding use case, that mixes virtual object and other's PoV manipulation in the same time
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Shayganfar, Mohammad. „Affective Motivational Collaboration Theory“. Digital WPI, 2017. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-dissertations/45.
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Existing computational theories of collaboration explain some of the important concepts underlying collaboration, e.g., the collaborators' commitments and communication. However, the underlying processes required to dynamically maintain the elements of the collaboration structure are largely unexplained. Our main insight is that in many collaborative situations acknowledging or ignoring a collaborator's affective state can facilitate or impede the progress of the collaboration. This implies that collaborative agents need to employ affect-related processes that (1) use the collaboration structure to evaluate the status of the collaboration, and (2) influence the collaboration structure when required. This thesis develops a new affect-driven computational framework to achieve these objectives and thus empower agents to be better collaborators. Contributions of this thesis are: (1) Affective Motivational Collaboration (AMC) theory, which incorporates appraisal processes into SharedPlans theory. (2) New computational appraisal algorithms based on collaboration structure. (3) Algorithms such as goal management, that use the output of appraisal to maintain collaboration structures. (4) Implementation of a computational system based on AMC theory. (5) Evaluation of AMC theory via two user studies to a) validate our appraisal algorithms, and b) investigate the overall functionality of our framework within an end-to-end system with a human and a robot.
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Garbash, Dor Avraham. „Organisational awareness : mapping human capital for enhancing collaboration in organisations“. Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCB134/document.
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Comment peut-on devenir plus conscients des sources de connaissance au sein des organisations des humains? Les changements économiques et technologiques rapides forcent les organisations à devenir plus souples, agiles et interdisciplinaires. Pour cela, les organisations cherchent des alternatives pour les structures de communication hiérarchiques traditionnelles qui entravent les pratiques de collaboration ascendantes. Pour que les méthodes ascendantes soient efficaces, il est nécessaire d'offrir aux membres l'accès à l'information et à l'expertise dont ils ont besoin pour prendre des décisions qualifiées. Ceci est un défi complexe qui implique la culture organisationnelle, l'informatique et les pratiques de travail. Un défaut au niveau de l'application de ce système peut aborder des points critiques qui peuvent ralentir les processus de travail, d'entraver l'innovation et qui conduisent souvent au travail suboptimal et redondant. Par exemple, une enquête 2014 de 152 dirigeants de Campus IT aux Etats-Unis, estime que 19% des systèmes informatiques du campus sont redondants, ce qui coûte les universités des Etats-Unis 3.8B$ par an. Dans l'ensemble, les travailleurs intellectuels trouvent l'information dont ils ont besoin seulement 56% du temps. Avec un quart du temps total des travailleurs intellectuels consacré à la recherche et l'analyse des informations. Ce gaspillage de temps coûte 7K$ pour chaque employé par an. Un autre exemple du gaspillage est celui des nouveaux arrivants et des employés promus qui peuvent prendre jusqu'à 2 ans pour s'intégrer pleinement au sein de leur département. En outre et selon des enquêtes étendues, seulement 28% des apprenants estiment que leurs organisations actuelles «utilisent pleinement» les compétences qu'ils ont actuellement capable d'offrir et 66% prévoient quitter leur organisation en 2020. Réussir la résolution de ce défi est capable de motiver les membres de l'organisation, ainsi que d'y améliorer l'innovation et l'apprentissage. L'objectif de cette thèse est de mieux comprendre ce problème en explorant les défis rencontrés par le service d'informatique dans une université et un centre de recherche interdisciplinaire. Deuxièmement, co-développer et mettre en œuvre une solution avec ces institutions, je décris leur utilisation des logiciels que nous avons développés, les résultats et la valeur obtenus avec ces pilotes. Troisièmement, tester l'efficacité de la solution, et explorer de nouvelles applications et le potentiel d'un tel système similaire pour être utilisé dans une plus grande échelle. Pour mieux comprendre le problème je me suis engagé dans une discussion avec les membres et les dirigeants des deux organisations. Une conclusion importante des discussions est que les membres de ces organisations souffrent souvent d'un manque de sensibilisation à propos de leurs connaissances-compétences au niveau d'organisation du capital, et la connaissance des processus et des relations sociales avec leurs collègues dans l'organisation. Grâce à cette exposition, les idées novatrices, les opportunités et les intérêts communs des pairs sont sévèrement limités. Cela provoque des retards inutiles dans les projets inter-équipes, des goulots d'étranglement, et un manque de sensibilisation sur les possibilités de stages. Aussi, j'ai craqué le problème et je l’avais défini comme l'une des informations de fragmentation: Différentes informations sont stockées dans des bases de données disparates ou dans la tête des gens, exigeant un effort et de savoir-faire pour l'obtenir. (...)How can we become more aware of the sources of insight within human organisations? Rapid economical and technological changes force organisations to become more adaptive, agile and interdisciplinary. In light of this, organisations are seeking alternatives for traditional hierarchical communication structures that hinder bottom-up collaboration practices. Effective bottom-up methods require empowering members with access to the information and expertise they need to take qualified decisions. This is a complex challenge that involves organisational culture, IT and work practices. Failing to address it creates bottlenecks that can slow down business processes, hinder innovation and often lead to suboptimal and redundant work. For example, a 2014 survey of 152 Campus IT leaders in the US, estimated that 19% of the campus IT systems are redundant, costing US universities 3.8B$ per year. In aggregate, knowledge workers find the information they need only 56% of the time. With a quarter of knowledge workers total work time spent in finding and analyzing information. This time waste alone costs 7K$ per employee annually. Another example of the waste created is that newcomers and remote employees may take up to 2 years to fully integrate within their department. Furthermore according to extended surveys, only 28% of millennials feel that their current organizations are making ‘full use’ of the skills they currently have to offer and 66% expect to leave their organisation by 2020. Successfully resolving this challenge holds the potential to motivate organisation members, as well as enhance innovation and learning within it. The focus of this thesis is to better understand this problem by exploring the challenges faced by a university IT department and an interdisciplinary research center. Second, co-develop and implement a solution with these institutions, I describe their usage of the software tool we developed, outcomes and value obtained in these pilots. Third, test the effectiveness of the solution, and explore further applications and potential for a similar system to be used in a wider scale. To better understand the problem I engaged in discussion with members and leaders of both organisations. An important conclusion from the discussions is that members of these organizations often suffer from lack of awareness about their organisation’s knowledge capital—the competencies, knowledge of processes and social connections of their colleagues. Due to this exposure to innovative ideas, opportunities and common interests of peers is severely limited. This causes unnecessary delays in inter-team projects, bottlenecks, and lack of awareness about internship opportunities. I further broke down the problem, and defined it as one of information fragmentation: Different information is stored in disparate databases or inside people’s heads, requiring effort and know-how in order to obtain it. Following the conclusions of this analysis and state-of-the-art review, we have set together the goal to create a collaborative visual database to map the people, projects, skills and institutions for the IT department of Descartes University, and in addition, people, interests and internship opportunities within the CRI, an interdisciplinary research and education center. We have also conducted interviews, surveys and quizzes that ascertain that people had difficulties identifying experts outside their core teams. During the course of this thesis, I progressively addressed this challenge by developing two collaborative web applications called Rhizi and Knownodes. Knownodes is a collaborative knowledge graph which utilized information-rich edges to describe relationships between resources. Rhizi is a real-time and collaborative knowledge capital mapping interface. A prominent unique feature of Rhizi is that it provides a UI that turns text-based assertions made by users into a visual knowledge graph. (...)
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Chastine, Jeffrey William. „On Inter-referential Awareness in Collaborative Augmented Reality“. Digital Archive @ GSU, 2007. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/cs_diss/23.
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For successful collaboration to occur, a workspace must support inter-referential awareness - or the ability for one participant to refer to a set of artifacts in the environment, and for that reference to be correctly interpreted by others. While referring to objects in our everyday environment is a straight-forward task, the non-tangible nature of digital artifacts presents us with new interaction challenges. Augmented reality (AR) is inextricably linked to the physical world, and it is natural to believe that the re-integration of physical artifacts into the workspace makes referencing tasks easier; however, we find that these environments combine the referencing challenges from several computing disciplines, which compound across scenarios. This dissertation presents our studies of this form of awareness in collaborative AR environments. It stems from our research in developing mixed reality environments for molecular modeling, where we explored spatial and multi-modal referencing techniques. To encapsulate the myriad of factors found in collaborative AR, we present a generic, theoretical framework and apply it to analyze this domain. Because referencing is a very human-centric activity, we present the results of an exploratory study which examines the behaviors of participants and how they generate references to physical and virtual content in co-located and remote scenarios; we found that participants refer to content using physical and virtual techniques, and that shared video is highly effective in disambiguating references in remote environments. By implementing user feedback from this study, a follow-up study explores how the environment can passively support referencing, where we discovered the role that virtual referencing plays during collaboration. A third study was conducted in order to better understand the effectiveness of giving and interpreting references using a virtual pointer; the results suggest the need for participants to be parallel with the arrow vector (strengthening the argument for shared viewpoints), as well as the importance of shadows in non-stereoscopic environments. Our contributions include a framework for analyzing the domain of inter-referential awareness, the development of novel referencing techniques, the presentation and analysis of our findings from multiple user studies, and a set of guidelines to help designers support this form of awareness.
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Schafer, Wendy Ann. „Supporting Spatial Collaboration: An Investigation of Viewpoint Constraint and Awareness Techniques“. Diss., Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/11148.
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Spatial collaboration refers to collaboration activities involving physical space. It occurs every day as people work together to solve spatial problems, such as rearranging furniture or communicating about an environmental issue. In this work, we investigate how to support spatial collaboration when the collaborators are not colocated. We propose using shared, interactive representations of the space to support distributed, spatial collaboration. Our study examines viewpoint constraint techniques, which determine how the collaborators individually view the representation, and awareness techniques, which enable the collaborators to maintain an understanding of each other's work efforts. Our work consists of four phases, in which we explore a design space for interactive representations and examine the effects of different viewpoint constraint and awareness techniques. We consider situations where the collaborators use the same viewpoints, different viewpoints, and have a choice in viewpoint constraint techniques. In phase 1, we examine current technological support for spatial collaboration and designed two early prototypes. Phase 2 compares various two-dimensional map techniques, with the collaborators using identical techniques. Phase 3 focuses on three-dimensional virtual environment techniques, comparing similar and different frames of reference. The final phase reuses the favorable techniques from the previous studies and presents a novel prototype that combines both two-dimensional and three-dimensional representations. Each phase of this research is limited to synchronous communication activities and non-professional users working together on everyday tasks. Our findings highlight the advantages and disadvantages of the different techniques for spatial collaboration solutions. Also, having conducted multiple evaluations of spatial collaboration prototypes, we offer a common set of lessons with respect to distributed, spatial collaboration activities. This research also highlights the need for continued study to improve on the techniques evaluated and to consider additional spatial collaboration activities.Ph. D.
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Dirix, Michel. „Pour une collaboration efficace dans les outils de modélisation logicielle“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10051/document.
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Depuis une vingtaine d’années, les logiciels ont atteint un stade très élevé de complexité. L’utilité de la modélisation logicielle s’est avérée de plus en plus importante, car elle s’abstrait de certaines préoccupations en ne fournissant que les informations relatives au point de vue souhaité, comme l’architecture ou les besoins utilisateurs. Toutefois l’activité de modélisation est une activité collaborative impliquant des développeurs, des architectes ou encore des clients. Avec la mondialisation, les équipes deviennent réparties à travers le monde impliquant des différences de culture, langage, fuseaux horaires. Si les environnements de modélisation ont par le passé été souvent mono-utilisateurs, supporter logiciellement la collaboration est devenue depuis peu un réel sujet d’étude. C’est dans ce contexte que s’inscrit ma thèse. Elle a tout d’abord pour but de définir un système de communication constituant la base de toutes collaborations entre utilisateurs d’outils de modélisation. La thèse vise ensuite à rendre efficace cette collaboration en plaçant la conscience de celle-ci au sein des précédents outils à l’aide de fonctionnalités collaboratives identifiées ou conçues dans mes travaux. Ces derniers ont été appliqués à l’outil GenMyModel, un outil de modélisation en ligne enregistrant plus de 200 000 utilisateurs, pour valider les différentes études et conceptions réaliséesFor twenty years, the softwares have reached a very high stage of complexity. The usefulness of the software modeling became increasingly important as models provide an abstraction of the software, and allows the software designer to describe information about important viewpoints such as the architecture or the user needs. With the globalization, teams are distributed over the world, implying culture, language and timezones differences. The modeling activity is collaborative since it implies many stackholders such as developers, architects or clients. The modeling environments were historically single-user but the trend is to provide collaborative tools to address the aforementioned problems. The topic of my thesis is to provide an efficient collaboration. The first part deals with the definition of a communication system building the basis of all collaborations between the users in modeling tools. Then, I proposed a new and efficient collaboration by placing awareness at the center of modeling tools. This work has been implemented in the GenMyModel tool. GenMyModel is an online modeling tool registering more than 200.000 users which gave a perfect platform for the validation of the various studies and designs proposed in this thesis
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Halin, Amy L. „Distributed team collaboration in a computer mediated task“. Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2004. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/04Mar%5FHalin.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Modeling, Virtual Environments, and Simulation)--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2004.Thesis advisor(s): Rudolph P. Darken, Susan G. Hutchins. Includes bibliographical references (p. 167-168). Also available online.
Bücher zum Thema "Awareness of collaboration"
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Council of Europe. Committee for the Development of Sport., Sports Information Officers Network und Conference of European Ministers Responsible for Sport, (9th : 2000 : Bratislava, Slovakia), Hrsg. Sport and the environment: Awareness raising, education, training : document prepared by the Clearing House in collaboration with the heads of delegations of the Committee for the Development of Sport of the Council of Europe and the Sports Information Officers Network. Brussels: Clearing House, 2000.
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Brazeau, Stéphanie, und Nicholas H. Ogden, Hrsg. Earth observation, public health and one health: activities, challenges and opportunities. Wallingford: CABI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781800621183.0000.
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Abstract This book contains 4 chapters that discuss in the context of both the One Health concept and the SDG initiative, remote sensing can provide solutions to the priority of assessing and monitoring public health risks, and it can play an important role in supporting decision making to reduce health risks within our shared ecosystems. The growing awareness of complex but causal interactions among these realms has motivated professionals in a wide range of sectors to adopt the One Health approach, which promotes intersectoral collaboration to address health issues at the human-animal-environment interface. In its 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, the United Nations specifically identifies "strengthening the capacity of all countries, in particular developing countries, for early warning, risk reduction and management of national and global health risks" as part of their Good Health and Well-being Sustainable Development Goal (SDG). As examples presented in this book reveal, the risk of infectious disease emergence increases with a wide range of conditions and variables, including those associated with humans, animals, climate, and the environment. This book examines several priority themes to which EO and geomatics can make important contributions: mosquito-borne and tick-borne diseases; water-borne diseases; air quality and extreme heat effects; geospatial indicators of vulnerable human populations.
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Crespellani, Teresa, Hrsg. Terremoto e ricerca. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-8453-819-2.
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The profound cultural transformation that has taken place in Italian seismic studies in the last ten years is distinguished by the growing interest in the problem of assessing the effects of earthquakes linked to local conditions, and in the related issue of a precise definition of the properties of the soil in the sphere of the dynamic and cyclical stresses induced by seismic actions. Despite the profound awareness of the extent to which the nature of the soil contributes to the destructive effects of earthquakes, we are still a long way from the possibility of a realistic forecast of the seismic behaviour of the Italian soils. This is because the identification of the dynamic properties calls for experimental equipment that is technologically complex and costly as well as lengthy observation and qualified personnel. The rare experimental data that have been acquired to date hence represent a fundamental element for scientific reflection. This book has been conceived with a view to setting at the disposal of a broader public the results of the tests conducted on site and in the laboratory on the soil of certain significant seismic areas using the dynamic-type apparatus of the Geotechnical Laboratory of the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (DICeA) of the University of Florence. It presents a selection of the works of the Geotechnical section of the DICeA that have been published in various specialist international and national ambits. These studies were largely launched following the seismic sequence in Umbria and the Marches, in collaboration with several Regional Authorities and Research Institutes for the reduction of the seismic risk in Italy (GNDT, IRRS, INGV). In addition to the experimental techniques and the results obtained, the models and the geotechnical procedures adopted for assessing the effects of site and soil instability in certain specific deposits of the Italian territory are also expounded.
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Valjakka, Minna, und Meiqin Wang, Hrsg. Visual Arts, Representations and Interventions in Contemporary China. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462982239.
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This edited volume provides a multifaceted investigation of the dynamic interrelations between visual arts and urbanization in contemporary Mainland China with a focus on unseen representations and urban interventions brought about by the transformations of the urban space and the various problems associated with it. Through a wide range of illuminating case studies, the authors demonstrate how innovative artistic and creative practices initiated by various stakeholders not only raise critical awareness on socio-political issues of Chinese urbanization but also actively reshape the urban living spaces. The formation of new collaborations, agencies, aesthetics and cultural production sites facilitate diverse forms of cultural activism as they challenge the dominant ways of interpreting social changes and encourage civic participation in the production of alternative meanings in and of the city. Their significance lies in their potential to question current values and power structures as well as to foster new subjectivities for disparate individuals and social groups.
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Agora: Enhancing Group Awareness and Collaboration in Floristic Digital Libraries. Mexico: Universidad de las Americas - Puebla, 2007.
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Edwards, Anne. Working Relationally in and Across Practices: A Cultural-Historical Approach to Collaboration. Cambridge University Press, 2016.
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Edwards, Anne. Working Relationally in and Across Practices: A Cultural-Historical Approach to Collaboration. Cambridge University Press, 2017.
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Edwards, Anne. Working Relationally in and Across Practices: A Cultural-Historical Approach to Collaboration. University of Cambridge ESOL Examinations, 2017.
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Cosper, Coby. Interoperability and maritime domain awareness collaboration in U.S. Coast Guard Sector San Diego. 2011.
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Hilado, Aimee, und Marta Lundy. Models for Practice with Immigrants and Refugees: Collaboration, Cultural Awareness, and Integrative Theory. SAGE Publications, Incorporated, 2017.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenBuchteile zum Thema "Awareness of collaboration"
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Rice-Bailey, Tammy, und Felicia Chong. „Developing self-awareness“. In Interpersonal Skills for Group Collaboration, 102–15. New York: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003285571-9.
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Hjelseth, Eilif, Kristine Slotina und Endre Sjøvold. „Awareness and Ability to Act“. In Routledge Handbook of Collaboration in Construction, 241–54. London: Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003379553-24.
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Rubinstein, Robert A. „Humanitarian-Military Collaboration: Social and Cultural Aspects of Interoperability“. In Cultural Awareness in the Military, 57–72. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137409423_5.
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Alexandrou, Penelopi. „Generating Social Awareness Through Social Network Sites“. In Virtual Communities, Social Networks and Collaboration, 181–205. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3634-8_10.
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Buzzi, Maria Claudia, Marina Buzzi, Barbara Leporini, Giulio Mori und Victor M. R. Penichet. „Collaborative Editing: Collaboration, Awareness and Accessibility Issues for the Blind“. In On the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems: OTM 2014 Workshops, 567–73. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-45550-0_58.
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Inoue, Tomoo, und Wei Liao. „Speech Speed Awareness System Slows Down Native Speaker’s Talk“. In Collaboration Technologies and Social Computing, 159–71. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28011-6_11.
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Tuddenham, Philip, und Peter Robinson. „Coordination and Awareness in Remote Tabletop Collaboration“. In Tabletops - Horizontal Interactive Displays, 407–34. London: Springer London, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84996-113-4_17.
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Kadenbach, Daniel, und Carsten Kleiner. „Project Awareness System – Improving Collaboration through Visibility“. In Online Communities and Social Computing, 164–73. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39371-6_19.
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Rittenbruch, Markus, und Gregor McEwan. „An Historical Reflection of Awareness in Collaboration“. In Human-Computer Interaction Series, 3–48. London: Springer London, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84882-477-5_1.
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Rajivan, Prashanth, und Nancy Cooke. „Impact of Team Collaboration on Cybersecurity Situational Awareness“. In Theory and Models for Cyber Situation Awareness, 203–26. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61152-5_8.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKonferenzberichte zum Thema "Awareness of collaboration"
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Mogford, Richard, Dan Peknik, Aaron Duley, Cody Evans, Lionel Delmo und Christian Amalu. „Flight awareness collaboration tool development“. In 2016 IEEE/AIAA 35th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dasc.2016.7778038.
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Mantau, Márcio J., und Fabiane B. V. Benitti. „The Awareness Assessment Model: measuring the awareness and collaboration support over the participant’s perspective“. In Simpósio Brasileiro de Sistemas Colaborativos. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/sbsc.2023.229064.
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[Context] Awareness has been a valuable concept in Collaborative Systems since its formation, being an essential part of groupware. The efficient awareness mechanism ensures a better understanding and, consequently, a better projection of future actions; in contrast, the lack of these mechanisms undermines comprehension and prevents participants from projecting their work accordingly. [Problem] This is a multi-factorial problem, and finding a goodm starting point in the literature can be challenging for novice groupware designers; they must reinvent awareness from their own experience of what it is, how it works, and how it is used. [Goal] This work consists of establishing an assessment model for collaborative interfaces by analyzing the awareness mechanisms provided from the participant’s viewpoint. Our awareness assessment model developed adopting the statistical technique Item Response Theory (IRT) and considers the participant’s skill in understanding the awareness and the difficulty involved. [Results] The proposed assessment model allow us to measure the awareness support provided considering the collaboration, workspace, and contextual awareness perspectives. The results obtained were translated into an awareness support scale and three levels of quality were defined.
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Wang, Haofei, und Bertram E. Shi. „Gaze awareness improves collaboration efficiency in a collaborative assembly task“. In the 11th ACM Symposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3314111.3321492.
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Wang, Haofei, und Bertram E. Shi. „Gaze awareness improves collaboration efficiency in a collaborative assembly task“. In ETRA '19: 2019 Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3317959.3321492.
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Kemper, Moritz, Constanze Langer und Christine Strothotte. „The PresenceDetector: Context Awareness for Collaboration“. In 2009 Seventh International Conference on Creating, Connecting and Collaborating through Computing (C5). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/c5.2009.7.
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Wong, Stephanie, und Carman Neustaedter. „Collaboration And Awareness Amongst Flight Attendants“. In CSCW '17: Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998355.
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Mcewan, Gregor, Markus Rittenbruch und Tim Mansfield. „Understanding awareness in mixed presence collaboration“. In the 2007 conference of the computer-human interaction special interest group (CHISIG) of Australia. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1324892.1324924.
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Carroll, John M., Hao Jiang, Mary Beth Rosson, Shin-I. Shih, Jing Wang, Lu Xiao und Dejin Zhao. „Supporting activity awareness in computer-mediated collaboration“. In 2011 International Conference on Collaboration Technologies and Systems (CTS). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cts.2011.5928658.
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Lee, Cheuk Yin Phipson, Zhuohao Zhang, Jaylin Herskovitz, JooYoung Seo und Anhong Guo. „CollabAlly: Accessible Collaboration Awareness in Document Editing“. In ASSETS '21: The 23rd International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3441852.3476562.
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Li, Jerry, Mia E. Manavalan, Sarah D'Angelo und Darren Gergle. „Designing Shared Gaze Awareness for Remote Collaboration“. In the 19th ACM Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2818052.2869097.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBerichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Awareness of collaboration"
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Bouchard, Ann Marie, Gordon Cecil Osbourn und John Warren Bartholomew. Novel collaboration and situational awareness environment for leaders and their support staff via self assembling software. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), Februar 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/933220.
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Woodruffe, Paul. Suburban Interventions: Understanding the Values of Place and Belonging Through Collaboration. Unitec ePress, Mai 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.34074/ocds.12012.
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How can a socially defined project facilitate meaningful knowledge transfer between community, corporate and institution? In order to address this question, this paper focuses on an ongoing live project in suburban Auckland New Zealand begun in 2010, undertaken by a post-graduate student and researcher collective. The collective currently creates subtle interventions sited within local cyberspace, and through this current project will employ impermanent and small-scale design to advocate for a series of neglected and disputed sites. It explores the impact and value the presence of artists and designers working within local communities can have, and “champions the role of the artist in the development of the public realm, and their intuitive response to spaces, places, people and wildlife” (Wood 2009, p.26). The significance of this project is that it promotes a collaborative and multidisciplinary methodology that works with community groups to advocate to corporate entities for a wider social and environmental awareness of specific sites. This paper aims to explain the processes and findings of the project to date through both its successes and failures. It also proposes the possibility of the methodology being transferred to undergraduate and post-graduate study as a tool to promote multi-disciplined collaborate project briefs that focus on community well being.
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Woodruffe, Paul. Suburban Interventions: Understanding the Values of Place and Belonging Through Collaboration. Unitec ePress, Mai 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.34074/ocds.12012.
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How can a socially defined project facilitate meaningful knowledge transfer between community, corporate, and institution? In order to address this question, this paper focuses on an ongoing live project in suburban Auckland New Zealand began in 2010, undertaken by a post-graduate student and researcher collective. The collective currently creates subtle interventions sited within local cyberspace, and through this current project will employ impermanent and small-scale design to advocate for a series of neglected and disputed sites. It explores the impact and value the presence of artists and designers working within local communities can have, and “champions the role of the artist in the development of the public realm, and their intuitive response to spaces, places, people and wildlife” (Wood 2009, p.26). The significance of this project is that it promotes a collaborative and multidisciplinary methodology that works with community groups to advocate to corporate entities for a wider social and environmental awareness of specific sites. This paper aims to explain the processes and findings of the project to date through both its successes and failures. It also proposes the possibility of the methodology being transferred to undergraduate and post-graduate study as a tool to promote multi-disciplined collaborate project briefs that focus on community well being.
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Grieco, Kevin. Building Fiscal Capacity with Traditional Political Institutions: Experimental and Qualitative Evidence from Sierra Leone. Institute of Development Studies, Mai 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2024.028.
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How can weak states build fiscal capacity? I argue that governments in weak states can build fiscal capacity by collaborating with non-state, traditional political institutions (TPIs). Using a mix of experimental and qualitative evidence, I show that this collaboration increases citizens’ compliance because TPIs possess legitimacy and coercive capacity. Collaborating with the local government in Kono District, Sierra Leone, I embedded an experiment in their campaign to collect property taxes. Potential taxpayers were shown awareness videos that varied in their content, particularly in terms of whether and how their local paramount chief characterised his involvement in tax collection. I find that state collaboration with TPIs increases a preregistered proxy of citizens’ compliance with a newly introduced property tax and that TPIs’ authority stems from both their legitimacy and coercive capacity. Qualitative evidence from 300 semi-structured interviews adds a richer description of legitimacy and coercive capacity in my context. I argue, based on qualitative evidence, that legitimacy and coercion are complementary mechanisms of TPIs’ authority enabling them to effectively coordinate collective action to produce local public goods in the absence of the state.
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Grieco, Kevin. Building Fiscal Capacity with Traditional Political Institutions: Experimental and Qualitative Evidence from Sierra Leone. Institute of Development Studies, Juli 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2024.074.
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How can weak states build fiscal capacity? I argue that governments in weak states can build fiscal capacity by collaborating with non-state, traditional political institutions (TPIs). Using a mix of experimental and qualitative evidence, I show that this collaboration increases citizens’ compliance because TPIs possess legitimacy and coercive capacity. Collaborating with the local government in Kono District, Sierra Leone, I embedded an experiment in their campaign to collect property taxes. Potential taxpayers were shown awareness videos that varied in their content, particularly in terms of whether and how their local paramount chief characterised his involvement in tax collection. I find that state collaboration with TPIs increases a preregistered proxy of citizens’ compliance with a newly introduced property tax and that TPIs’ authority stems from both their legitimacy and coercive capacity. Qualitative evidence from 300 semi-structured interviews adds a richer description of legitimacy and coercive capacity in my context. I argue, based on qualitative evidence, that legitimacy and coercion are complementary mechanisms of TPIs’ authority enabling them to effectively coordinate collective action to produce local public goods in the absence of the state.
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Roca, Jerónimo, Alberto Daniel Barreix und Fernando Velayos. A Brief History of Tax Transparency. Inter-American Development Bank, Juni 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0007967.
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This study describes progress on the international exchange of tax information from the end of the Second World War -a period marked by the complete absence of interinstitutional international collaboration- to more recent years, when there has been real awareness of taxation as an intrinsically global phenomenon. Thus the study analyzes the development of the new technical instruments and the institutional apparatus that have facilitated such progress, as well as matters that threaten their effectiveness and the critical factors in these processes.
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Burge, Laura. “Respect at Uni”: Working in partnership across the sector to promote safety and respect in higher education. Journal of the Australian and New Zealand Student Services Association, August 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.30688/janzssa.2024-2-02.
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Higher education institutions have a pivotal role to play in advancing societal change and a responsibility for ensuring safe, respectful, and inclusive environments free from sexual harm. Recognition of shared challenges across the sector has spurred increased collaboration and knowledge sharing. “Respect at Uni” aims to promote respect and prevent sexual harm, promote the availability of support and report services for those affected by sexual harm, and encourage participation and engagement in promoting safe and respectful environments. This paper illustrates how universities can work collaboratively through a Respect at Uni campaign to raise awareness of the program of work underway.
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Guerra, Flávia, Monique Menezes, Lucas Turmena, Alejandra Ramos-Galvez, Simone Sandholz, Michael Roll, Camila Alberti und Tátila Távora. TUC Urban Lab Profile: Alliance for the Residencial Edgar Gayoso, Teresina, Brazil. United Nations University - Institute for Environment and Human Security (UNU-EHS), März 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.53324/vfoy6162.
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After almost two years in operation, the challenges and key achievements of the TUC Urban Lab established in Residencial Edgar Gayoso in Teresina, Brazil, provide valuable lessons for sustaining ongoing activities, accelerating broader transformations and guiding similar efforts elsewhere: 1. ASSEMBLING A TRANSFORMATIVE COALITION FOR PARTICIPATORY GOVERNANCE: The UL approach has been instrumental in overcoming challenges associated with the MCMV programme in Residencial Edgar Gayoso, fostering community empowerment and sustainable local transformation. Establishing commitment within new local networks requires fundamental steps such as building trust, defining tangible goals, decentralizing decision-making, making individuals accountable and ensuring accessible meeting formats. 2. BUILDING CONNECTIONS AND RAISING AWARENESS FOR CLIMATE ACTION: The development of mutual trust and awareness of climate change within the Alliance for the Residencial Edgar Gayoso is a precondition for tailoring climate discussions to the local context and emphasizing practical connections between pressing local needs and climate action. Promoting stronger engagement and collaboration is pivotal for achieving transformative changes across practical, political and personal spheres. 3. LEVERAGING OPPORTUNITIES TO BROADEN THE IMPACT OF THE UL: Triggering systemic transformation requires a shift from individual-centric participation to broader institutional involvement within the Alliance for the Residencial Edgar Gayoso. Moreover, institutionalization through diverse organizational strategies coupled with strategic partnerships is essential.
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Khetarpal, Ravinder Kumar. Improving phytosanitary trade compliance in Bangladesh. Life of project report - 01.01.2021 to 09.30.2022. Euphresco, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/20240285210.
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The USDA's Trade and Regulatory Capacity Building Division (TRCBD) partnered with APAARI to assist Bangladesh's Department of Agricultural Extension (DAE) in improving compliance with international phytosanitary standards under the project "Improving Phytosanitary and Trade Compliance in Bangladesh," initiated on 23 November 2020. The project aimed to enhance collaboration among stakeholders, strengthen the institutional capacity of Bangladesh's NPPO, raise awareness on trade-related issues and promote regulatory harmonization for biopesticide registration. Key achievements from November 2020 to September 2022 included establishment of the intradepartmental community on plant quarantine facilitation within DAE, formation of a steering committee co-chaired by USDA and DAE officials and development of 3 standard operating procedures for pest management. Public awareness was increased through various media channels, and a WhatsApp group was created for SPS stakeholders. Amendments to the Plant Quarantine Act were proposed and reviewed with input from legal and technical experts. The project also established a virtual SPS training hub and conducted 17 capacity-building programs, including technical training on various phytosanitary subjects and workshops on biopesticide regulatory harmonization. Despite challenges due to the COVID-19 pandemic and issues beyond the project's control, significant progress was made, contributing to the overall success of the initiative.
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Fotta, Martin, Mariya Ivancheva und Raluca Pernes. THE ANTHROPOLOGICAL CAREER IN EUROPE: A complete report on the EASA membership survey. NomadIT, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22582/easaprecanthro.
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This report presents the results of the survey conducted among EASA members in 2018. The survey was a collaboration between EASA and the PrecAnthro Collective, whose members have worked together and mobilised since 2016 to raise awareness about the challenges of developing an academic career in anthropology. The themes explored in the survey reflect existing academic research on changes to the academic profession and the casualisation of labour in Europe and beyond. The survey enquired into the extent to which and how trends already documented in other disciplines, and in academia as a whole, affect anthropologists. These trends include a growing division between research and teaching, the deprofessionalisation of academic labour through multiple contract types, the imperatives of international mobility and cyclical fundraising, and weak labour unions. This report captures overall trends as well as regional differences in the anthropological profession in Europe.