Dissertationen: „AVLT“

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Ervamaa, Mekahal Iina. "Seriepositionseffekt vid Alzheimers sjukdom och lindrig kognitiv störning." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Psykologiska institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-97991.

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I verbala minnestester brukar friska individer komma ihåg flera ord från början och från slutet av ordlistan (primacy- och recency-effekt) än från mitten av den. Detta fenomen kallas för seriepositionseffekt. Recency-effekten anses bero på arbetsminnet, medan episodiska minnet ansvarar för primacy-effekten. Svårigheter med episodiska minnet är ofta det första symtomet vid begynnande Alzheimers sjukdom. Femtiosju testprotokoll av Rey AVLT varav en tredjedel kom från patienter med Alzheimers sjukdom, en tredjedel från personer med diagnosen lindrig kognitiv störning och en tredjedel från friska kontrollpersoner, undersöktes med flera poängsättningsmetoder baserade på seriepositionseffekten, för att se om någon metod skapade tydligare skillnader mellan diagnosgrupperna än den sedvanliga poängsättningen. Resultatet av alternativa poängsättningsmetoder skilde sig överlag mindre än förväntat från den sedvanliga poängsättningen. Enbart primacy gav tydligt sämre resultat, medan metoder som ger poäng för alla ord förutom recency gav i vissa fall något bättre resultat än den sedvanliga poängsättningen.

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Barkskog, John, and Per Barkskog. "Kontraktsprocessen somverktyg för riskhantering avIT-outsourcing." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hållbar samhälls- och teknikutveckling, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-9722.

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Sjöstrand, Janna. "Jämkningsreglerna i ABL och 36 § AvtL." Thesis, Högskolan i Jönköping, Internationella Handelshögskolan, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-15580.

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Arweiler, Alexander. "Die Imitation antiker und spätantiker Literatur in der Dichtung "De spiritalis historiae gestis" des Alcimus Avitus : mit einem Kommentar zu Avit. carm. 4,429-540 und 5,526-703 /." Berlin ; New York : W. de Gruyter, 1999. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376209290.

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Olsson, Magnus. "Underlägsen ställning : upphovsmän i förhållande till 36 § AvtL." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-120973.

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Sun, Aichong. "AVL-BASED TRANSIT OPERATIONS CONTROL." Diss., Tucson, Arizona : University of Arizona, 2005. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu%5Fetd%5F1039%5F1%5Fm.pdf&type=application/pdf.

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Budziak, Kinga. "Aerodynamic Analysis with Athena Vortex Lattice (AVL)." Aircraft Design and Systems Group (AERO), Department of Automotive and Aeronautical Engineering, Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1148492569.

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This project evaluates the suitability and practicality of the program Athena Vortex Lattice (AVL) by Mark Drela. A short user guide was written to make it easier (especially for students) to get started with the program AVL. AVL was applied to calculate the induced drag and the Oswald factor. In a first task, AVL was used to calculate simple wings of different aspect ratio A and taper ratio lambda. The Oswald factor was calculated as a function f(lambda) in the same way as shown by HOERNER. Compared to HOERNER's function, the error never exceed 7.5%. Surprisingly, the function f(lambda) was not independent of aspect ratio, as could be assumed from HOERNER. Variations of f(lambda) with aspect ratio were studied and general results found. In a second task, the box wing was investigated. Box wings of different h/b ratio: 0.31, 0.62, and 0.93 were calculated in AVL. The induced drag and Oswald factor in all these cases was calculated. An equation, generally used in the literature, describes the box wing's Oswald factor with parameters k1, k2, k3 and k4. These parameters were found from results obtained with AVL by means of the Excel Solver. In this way the curve k = f(h/b) was plotted. The curve was compared with curves with various theories and experiments conducted prior by other students. The curve built based on AVL fits very well with the curve from HOERNER, PRANDTL and a second experiment made in the wind tunnel at HAW Hamburg.

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Tropper, Amram. "Tractate Avot in the context of the Graeco-Roman Near East." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.395314.

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Ucar, Nergiz. "Befogenhetsöverskridande i ABL och rättsverkningar enligt 36 § AvtL - en möjlig fusion?" Thesis, Högskolan i Jönköping, Internationella Handelshögskolan, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-24056.

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Generalklausulen ska vara tillämplig inom hela förmögenhetsrätten, vilket talar för att det således inte bör vara ett bekymmer att tillämpa den vid ett befogenhetsöverskridande i en- lighet med aktiebolagsrätten. Detta är dock inte solklart med tanke på att aktiebolagslagen föreskriver annat. Ett bolag kan t.ex. bli bundet av en rättshandling som företagits av bo- lagsföreträdare eller särskild firmatecknare där denne genom rättshandlingen överskrider sin befogenhet. Bolaget blir härvid bunden av rättshandlingen såvida bolaget självt inte kan påvisa att tredje man varit i ond tro. Ett bolag blir också bundet av en rättshandling som företagits av styrelsen eller den verkställande direktören där befogenhetsöverskridandet sker genom att överträda bolagsordningen eller andra föreskrifter som t.ex. har meddelats av ett annat bolagsorgan. I det här avseendet tar aktiebolagslagen dock varken hänsyn till en överträdelse av bolagets verksamhetsföremål eller det faktum att tredje man likväl kun- nat vara i ond tro, bolaget blir bundet av rättshandlingen gentemot tredje man ändå. Häri- genom blir generalklausulen och jämkning i förhållande till befogenhetsöverskridande i ak- tiebolagslagen av intresse eftersom att en sådan tillämpning i praktiken inte bör vara ett hinder. Norsk domstol har påvisat att ett avtal som företagits genom befogenhetsöverskri- dande kan jämkas med hjälp av generalklausulen i avtalslagen. The general clause in contract law is said to apply throughout property law and therefore it implies that it should also apply to circumstances in which representatives of a company abuses their right to act on behalf of the company. This situation is however regulated dif- ferently in accordance with company law. Therefore it is not obvious for the general clause to apply to representatives abuses of such, since the company law has other consequences in mind regarding management abuse. A company can, for instance be bound by an act undertaken by the general representative or special signatory where he, by that act exceeds his authority. The company is hereby bound by the act unless the company itself can prove that the third party acted in bad faith. Moreover a company will be bound by an act under- taken by the Board of Directors or the President, where they abuse their right to act on be- half of the company, in violation of statutes or regulations such has been issued by another company organ. With regards to this, the company legislation does not account neither the violation of the company's objects nor the fact that third party nevertheless could have act- ed in bad faith. Regardless, the company is bound by the act of their representative against third party, according to company law. With regards to this the general clause and its possi- bilities to adjustments becomes noteworthy in relation to representatives abuse of acts, considering that such an application should, in practice, not be an obstacle. The Norwegian court has established just that, and an act undertaken via representatives abuse of power can be adjusted by the general clause according to contract law.

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Russo, Charles. "AVL AND RESPONSE TIME REDUCTION: IMAGE AND REALITY." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2006. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/2647.

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Automatic vehicle locator (AVL) systems, utilizing military's global positioning system, may impact response time to law enforcement calls for service. In order to evaluate the impacts of AVL on response time to calls for service at the Altamonte Springs Police Department (ASPD), computer aided dispatch (CAD) data from years 1999 to 2003 were analyzed. The analysis of each of the data sets consisted of an initial sequence chart, an analysis of variance (ANOVA), a means plot and a linear regression. Interviews of ASPD personnel were conducted to understand user perceptions of AVL. Based on the ANOVA results, trends indicate that weekly response time was significantly lower during the AVL partial implementation period than during the pre or post AVL stages across all categories of data analyzed. Based on the regression results, trends indicate that the overall impact of AVL on response time for all categories analyzed is flat and show AVL as having no overall impact on response time across all calls for service analyzed. An exception to this is the findings related to Priority 3 calls for service; however this exception can be attributed to performance during the pre AVL implementation stage. These results do not suggest a capability for AVL to reduce response time to calls for service in a meaningful comprehensive way. Thus, the study's hypotheses are not supported. Ph.D. Department of Criminal Justice and Legal Studies Health and Public Affairs Public Affairs: Ph.D.

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Gerstle, David G. "Understanding bus travel time variation using AVL data." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/70763.

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Thesis (S.M. in Transportation)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2012. Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. Includes bibliographical references (p. 89-94). The benefits of bus automatic vehicle location (AVL) data are well documented (see e.g., Furth et al. (2006)), ranging from passenger-facing applications that predict bus arrival times to service-provider-facing applications that monitor network performance and diagnose performance failures. However, most other researchers' analyses tend to use data that they acquired through negotiations with transit agencies, adding a variable cost of time both to the transit agencies and to researchers. Further, conventional wisdom is that simple vehicle location trajectories are not suitable for evaluating bus performance (Furth et al. 2006). In this research, I use data that are free and open to the public. This access enables researchers and the general public to explore bus position traces. The research objective of this Master's Thesis is to build a computational system that can robustly evaluate bus performance across a wide range of bus systems under the hypothesis that a comparative approach could be fruitful for both retrospective and real-time analysis. This research is possible because a large number of bus providers have made their bus position, or AVL, data openly available. This research thus demonstrates the value of open AVL data, brings understanding to the limits of AVL data, evaluates bus performance using open data, and presents novel techniques for understanding variations in bus travel time. Specifically, this thesis demonstrates research to make the system architecture robust and fruitful: " This thesis explores the exceptions in the various datasets to which the system must be robust. As academics and general public look to exploit these data, this research seeks to elucidate important considerations for and limitations of the data. " Bus data are high-dimensional; this research strives to make them dually digestible and informative when drawing conclusions across a long timescale. Thus, this research both lays the foundation for a broader research program and finds more visually striking and fundamentally valuable statistics for understanding variability in bus travel times. by David G. Gerstle. S.M.in Transportation

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Mehdi, Pour Reza. "Transmission DynamicsModelling : Gear Whine Simulation Using AVL Excite." Thesis, KTH, Fordonsdynamik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-243090.

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Nowadays, increasing pressure from legislation and customer demands in the automotive industry are forcing manufacturers to produce greener vehicles with lower emissions and fuel consumption.As a result, electrified and hybrid vehicles are a growing popular alternative to traditional internal combustion engines (ICE). The noise from an electric vehicle comes mainly from contact between tyres and road, wind resistance and driveline. The noise emitted from the driveline is for the mostpart related to the gearbox. When developing a driveline, it is a factor of importance to estimate the noise radiating from the gearbox to achieve an acceptable design.Gears are used extensively in the driveline of electric vehicles. As the gears are in mesh, a main intrusive concern is known as gear whine noise. Gear whine noise is an undesired vibroacoustic phenomenon and is likely to originate through the gear contacts and be transferred through themechanical components to the housing where the vibrations are converted into airborne and structure-borne noise. The gear whine noise originates primarily from the excitation coming from transmission error (TE). Transmission error is defined as the difference between the ideal smoothtransfer of motion of a gear and what is in practice due to lack of smoothness.The main objective of this study is to simulate the vibrations generated by the gear whine noise in an electric powertrain line developed by AVL Vicura. The electric transmission used in this study provides only a fixed overall gear ratio, i.e. 9.59, under all operation conditions. It is assumed thatthe system is excited only by the transmission error and the mesh stiffness of the gear contacts. In order to perform NVH analysis under different operating conditions, a multibody dynamics model according to the AVL Excite program has been developed. The dynamic simulations are thencompared with previous experimental measurements provided by AVL Vicura.Two validation criteria have been used to analyse the dynamic behaviour of the AVL Excite model: signal processing using the FFT method and comparison with the experimental measurements.The results from the AVL Excite model show that the FFT criterion is quite successful and all excitation frequencies are properly observed in FFT plots. Nevertheless, when it comes to the second criterion, as long as not all dynamic parameters of the system such as damping or stiffnesscoefficients are provided with certainty in the model, it is too difficult to investigate the accuracy of the AVL Excite model. Another investigation is a numerical design study to analyses how the damping coefficients influence the response. After reducing the damping parameters, the results show that the housing and bearings have the highest influence on the response. If more acceptable results are desired,future studies must be concentrated on these to obtain more acceptable damping values. För närvarande tvingar ökat tryck från lagstiftning och kundkrav inom bilindustrin tillverkarna attproducera grönare fordon med lägre utsläpp och bränsleförbrukning. Som ett resultat ärelektrifierade och hybridfordon ett växande populärt alternativ till traditionellaförbränningsmotorer (ICE). Bullret från ett elfordon kommer främst från kontakten mellan däckoch väg, vindmotstånd och drivlinan. Bullret från drivlinan är i huvudsak relaterat till växellådan.Vid utveckling av en drivlina är det av betydelse att uppskatta bullret från växellådan för att uppnåen acceptabel design.Utväxlingar används i stor utsträckning i elfordons drivlina. Eftersom kugghjulen är i kontaktuppstår ett huvudproblem som är känt som ett vinande ljud från kugghjulskontakten.Kugghjulsljud är ett oönskat vibro-akustiskt fenomen och uppstår sannolikt på grund avkugghjulkontakterna och överförs via de mekaniska komponenterna till växellådshuset därvibrationerna omvandlas till luftburet och strukturburet ljud. Kugghjulsljudet härstammarhuvudsakligen från exciteringen som kommer från transmissionsfel (TE) i kugghjulskontakten.Överföringsfelet definieras som skillnaden mellan den ideala smidiga rörelseöverföringen hoskugghjulen och rörelsen som sker i verkligheten på grund av ojämnheter.Huvudsyftet med denna studie är att simulera vibrationerna som genereras avkugghjulskontakterna i en elektrisk drivlina utvecklad av AVL Vicura. Den elektriska drivlinan somanvänds i denna studie har endast ett fast utväxlingsförhållande, dvs 9,59, för alladriftsförhållanden. Det antas att systemet är exciterat endast av överföringsfelet och kugghjulensstyvhet i kuggkontakterna. För att kunna utföra NVH-analys under olika driftsförhållanden har enstelkroppsdynamikmodell utvecklats med hjälp av programmet AVL Excite. De dynamiskasimuleringarna jämförs sedan med tidigare experimentella mätningar som tillhandahålls av AVLVicura.Två valideringskriterier har använts för att analysera det dynamiska beteendet hos AVL Excitemodellen:signalbehandling med FFT-metoden och jämförelse med experimentella mätningar.Resultaten från AVL Excite-modellen visar att FFT-kriteriet är ganska framgångsrikt och allaexcitationsfrekvenser observeras korrekt i FFT-diagrammen. Men när det gäller det andra kriteriet,så länge som inte alla dynamiska parametrar i systemet, såsom dämpnings- ellerstyvhetskoefficienter, är tillförlitliga i modellen, är det för svårt att undersöka exaktheten hos AVLExcite-modellen.En annan undersökning som utförts är en numerisk designstudie för att analysera hurdämpningskoefficienterna påverkar responsen. Efter minskning av dämpningsparametrarna visarresultaten att växellådshus och lager har störst inflytande på resultatet. Om mer acceptabla resultatär önskvärda måste framtida studier koncentreras på dessa parametrar för att uppnå mer acceptabladämpningsvärden.

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Hoffmann, Manfred. "Alcimus Ecdicius Avitus : "De spiritalis historiae gestis." München : K. G. Saur, 2005. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40098729x.

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Choi, Jeong-Hoon. "The fracture analysis and remaining life estimation of the AVLB sub-components." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2000. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1759.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2000. Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xiv, 279 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 180-183).

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Mehdi, Pour Reza. "Transmission Dynamics Modelling : Gear Whine Simulation Using AVL Excite." Thesis, KTH, Fordonsdesign, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-234817.

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Nowadays, increasing pressure from legislation and customer demands in the automotive industryare forcing manufacturers to produce greener vehicles with lower emissions and fuel consumption.As a result, electrified and hybrid vehicles are a growing popular alternative to traditional internalcombustion engines (ICE). The noise from an electric vehicle comes mainly from contact betweentyres and road, wind resistance and driveline. The noise emitted from the driveline is for the mostpart related to the gearbox. When developing a driveline, it is a factor of importance to estimatethe noise radiating from the gearbox to achieve an acceptable design.Gears are used extensively in the driveline of electric vehicles. As the gears are in mesh, a mainintrusive concern is known as gear whine noise. Gear whine noise is an undesired vibroacousticphenomenon and is likely to originate through the gear contacts and be transferred through themechanical components to the housing where the vibrations are converted into airborne andstructure-borne noise. The gear whine noise originates primarily from the excitation coming fromtransmission error (TE). Transmission error is defined as the difference between the ideal smoothtransfer of motion of a gear and what is in practice due to lack of smoothness.The main objective of this study is to simulate the vibrations generated by the gear whine noise inan electric powertrain line developed by AVL Vicura. The electric transmission used in this studyprovides only a fixed overall gear ratio, i.e. 9.59, under all operation conditions. It is assumed thatthe system is excited only by the transmission error and the mesh stiffness of the gear contacts. Inorder to perform NVH analysis under different operating conditions, a multibody dynamics modelaccording to the AVL Excite program has been developed. The dynamic simulations are thencompared with previous experimental measurements provided by AVL Vicura.Two validation criteria have been used to analyse the dynamic behaviour of the AVL Excite model:signal processing using the FFT method and comparison with the experimental measurements.The results from the AVL Excite model show that the FFT criterion is quite successful and allexcitation frequencies are properly observed in FFT plots. Nevertheless, when it comes to thesecond criterion, as long as not all dynamic parameters of the system such as damping or stiffnesscoefficients are provided with certainty in the model, it is too difficult to investigate the accuracy ofthe AVL Excite model.Another investigation is a numerical design study to analyses how the damping coefficientsinfluence the response. After reducing the damping parameters, the results show that the housingand bearings have the highest influence on the response. If more acceptable results are desired,future studies must be concentrated on these to obtain more acceptable damping values. För närvarande tvingar ökat tryck från lagstiftning och kundkrav inom bilindustrin tillverkarna attproducera grönare fordon med lägre utsläpp och bränsleförbrukning. Som ett resultat ärelektrifierade och hybridfordon ett växande populärt alternativ till traditionellaförbränningsmotorer (ICE). Bullret från ett elfordon kommer främst från kontakten mellan däckoch väg, vindmotstånd och drivlinan. Bullret från drivlinan är i huvudsak relaterat till växellådan.Vid utveckling av en drivlina är det av betydelse att uppskatta bullret från växellådan för att uppnåen acceptabel design.Utväxlingar används i stor utsträckning i elfordons drivlina. Eftersom kugghjulen är i kontaktuppstår ett huvudproblem som är känt som ett vinande ljud från kugghjulskontakten.Kugghjulsljud är ett oönskat vibro-akustiskt fenomen och uppstår sannolikt på grund avkugghjulkontakterna och överförs via de mekaniska komponenterna till växellådshuset därvibrationerna omvandlas till luftburet och strukturburet ljud. Kugghjulsljudet härstammarhuvudsakligen från exciteringen som kommer från transmissionsfel (TE) i kugghjulskontakten.Överföringsfelet definieras som skillnaden mellan den ideala smidiga rörelseöverföringen hoskugghjulen och rörelsen som sker i verkligheten på grund av ojämnheter.Huvudsyftet med denna studie är att simulera vibrationerna som genereras avkugghjulskontakterna i en elektrisk drivlina utvecklad av AVL Vicura. Den elektriska drivlinan somanvänds i denna studie har endast ett fast utväxlingsförhållande, dvs 9,59, för alladriftsförhållanden. Det antas att systemet är exciterat endast av överföringsfelet och kugghjulensstyvhet i kuggkontakterna. För att kunna utföra NVH-analys under olika driftsförhållanden har enstelkroppsdynamikmodell utvecklats med hjälp av programmet AVL Excite. De dynamiskasimuleringarna jämförs sedan med tidigare experimentella mätningar som tillhandahålls av AVLVicura.Två valideringskriterier har använts för att analysera det dynamiska beteendet hos AVL Excitemodellen:signalbehandling med FFT-metoden och jämförelse med experimentella mätningar.Resultaten från AVL Excite-modellen visar att FFT-kriteriet är ganska framgångsrikt och allaexcitationsfrekvenser observeras korrekt i FFT-diagrammen. Men när det gäller det andra kriteriet,så länge som inte alla dynamiska parametrar i systemet, såsom dämpnings- ellerstyvhetskoefficienter, är tillförlitliga i modellen, är det för svårt att undersöka exaktheten hos AVLExcite-modellen.En annan undersökning som utförts är en numerisk designstudie för att analysera hurdämpningskoefficienterna påverkar responsen. Efter minskning av dämpningsparametrarna visarresultaten att växellådshus och lager har störst inflytande på resultatet. Om mer acceptabla resultatär önskvärda måste framtida studier koncentreras på dessa parametrar för att uppnå mer acceptabladämpningsvärden.

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Dahlgren, Niklas, and Filip Wieslander. "Porting of AVL Rapid Prototyping Controller to Woodward-Enabled ECU." Thesis, KTH, Tillämpad maskinteknik (KTH Södertälje), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-35372.

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Váňa, Viktor. "Optimalizace logistických procesů výroby testovacích stolic v podniku AVL Moravia." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-230859.

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The main goal of a study is to rationalize organization of production and material handling in company AVL Moravia s.r.o. via material flow intensity analysis. Analysis results in suggesting new organization of production and economical rating of the suggestion.

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Papadoglou, Nikolas. "The use of GSM-SMS, GPS, and CAN in an ITS integrated system." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364545.

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Cham, Laura Cecilia. "Understanding bus service reliability : a practical framework using AVL/APC data." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/34381.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2006. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 141-142). Service reliability on a transit system can have significant impacts on its provider and both existing and potential users. To passengers, unreliable service affects their perception of service quality and transit utility compared to other mode choices, while to transit agencies, this translates to loss of ridership and revenues and higher costs to provide additional service to compensate for poor service operations. The introduction of technologies such as Automatic Vehicle Location (AVL) and Automatic Passenger Counters (APC) provides the opportunity to gather large sets of data at relatively low cost and evaluate service to improve performance, schedule planning and operations control. This thesis presents a comprehensive review of key elements of service reliability, focused on the measures of reliability, the causes of unreliability and the application of strategies to improve service. The most significant causes of service reliability are presented: deviations at terminals, passenger loads, running times, environmental factors (or externalities) and operator behavior. Each is reviewed in terms of how they impact service and the complexities and interrelationship between different causes are explored. Also reviewed are the potential preventive and corrective strategies, and the links between the causes of service unreliability and best strategy according to the source of problems. A practical framework is developed to assess service reliability, exploring the uses of Automated Data Collection (ADC) systems to characterize service reliability and evaluate the causes of unreliability that may exist. Its goal is to serve as a guide for transit agencies to begin to analyze the large sets of data available from these systems to evaluate performance and implement efficient strategies to improve service planning and operations. The proposed framework consists of three blocks: 1) characterization of service reliability through service measures and performance reports; 2) identification of causes of reliability problems; and 3) selection of strategies which target critical causes of unreliability to improve service. Characterization of service reliability involves examining five key elements an agency should analyze: a) data inputs, b) output calculations, c) service measures, d) threshold values, and e) performance reports. Identifying the causes of unreliability includes two sequential processes to infer the causes of service reliability problems. The first focuses on deviations at terminals, because good on-time performance and headway adherence is expected at the terminals and deviations at this point tend to propagate down the route and create further reliability problems. The second process examines deviations at other points on the route, and follows a set of steps to infer the causes of unreliability: initial deviations at terminal, passenger loads, poor schedule planning, operator behavior and externalities. Application of strategies includes an assessment of the best strategies to prevent reliability problems and reduce the impacts on service performance, based on the results of the previous analysis. The application of the proposed framework on the Silver Line Washington Street in Boston (MA) revealed that variability of running times and headway distributions are high. This indicates that bus arrivals and passenger wait times on this route are unpredictable and travel times are irregular. As a Bus Rapid Transit route, which is suppose to provide bus service with rail transit quality, headway adherence is poor on this route, with a tendency for buses to bunch together or leave gaps in service. Further analysis revealed that service reliability has recently deteriorated as a result of the implementation of a new Automatic Fare Collection (AFC) system. The new fare collection system presented delays in the boarding process, which resulted in increased travel times and passenger wait times. The main cause of service unreliability on this route was identified to be deviations at the terminals. Trips are departing the terminal with poor headway adherence (and therefore, poor on-time performance), which propagates and creates further reliability problems down the route. The causes of these terminal deviations were inferred to be a combination of poor terminal supervision and operator behavior. Recovery times, externalities and passenger loads at this terminal are inferred to cause only minor problems. At other points in the route, operator behavior and passenger loads are observed to affect reliability in the inbound direction. As for strategies to improve service reliability, emphasis is given to better supervision at the terminal. Supervisors at terminals are needed to enforce good operator behavior, balance headways, apply control strategies, and coordinate passenger loads to avoid poor departure headways and overcrowding of buses. Along the route, operator training, corrective strategies and traffic signal priority are highlighted as potential strategies to reduce the variability in running times and balance headways to reduce the occurrence of bunches and gaps in service. by Laura Cecilia Cham. S.M.

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Barbosa, Luciano Aparecido. "Previsão de localização futura de veículos baseada em dados de AVL." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3138/tde-26112010-105735/.

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O crescente desenvolvimento de aplicações utilizadas por dispositivos móveis que fazem uso das tecnologias de posicionamento via satélite e comunicação móvel, juntamente com a popularização destes dispositivos, sejam eles celulares ou GPSs (Global Positioning System) automotivos reforçam ainda mais a necessidade de representação e o entendimento a cerca das entidades móveis retratadas nestes dispositivos e incentivam estudos que forneçam um significado maior do que a simples representação posicional destas entidades. Considera-se neste trabalho, que estas entidades móveis são veículos rastreados via satélite que fornecem sua posição espacial, determinada por um par de coordenadas geográficas (latitude e longitude), coletadas em intervalos de tempo regulares para sistemas AVL (Automatic Vehicle Location) que são responsáveis pelo monitoramento do estado destes veículos. Neste trabalho, foram desenvolvidas funções para a previsão da localização e geração de padrões dos veículos monitorados por sistemas AVL. Para tanto, as paradas efetuadas pelos veículos irão definir regiões comuns de parada ocorridas durante um intervalo de tempo passado e serão consideradas como um padrão de localização, enquanto que as trajetórias serão utilizadas para definir o padrão de movimentação. Os relacionamentos topológicos que estes padrões possuem irão definir por meio de condições espaciais/direcionais e temporais quais serão as regiões de paradas consideradas como prováveis destinos, a partir de outra região de parada, considerada como origem e, permitirão a geração de matrizes com valores de frequências relativas que consideram o número de visitas que uma região recebe a partir da outra. O que possibilita extrair valores de probabilidade condicional para cada destino provável. Portanto, a metodologia proposta e as funções desenvolvidas que foram validadas em experimentos, que utilizaram dados reais de rastreamento, fornecem uma camada inicial de inteligência aos sistemas AVL, que proporciona aos controladores destes sistemas utilizarem consultas preditivas, identificarem mais facilmente anomalias de comportamento, que possam evidenciar alguma ocorrência incomum na movimentação do veículo, além de aumentar a segurança dos veículos que possuem um dispositivo de rastreamento por meio da definição de padrões inerentes ao veículo. The increasing development of applications used by mobile devices that make use of the technologies of satellite positioning and mobile communications, along with the popularity of these devices, whether cell phones or GPS\'s (Global Positioning System) automotive further reinforce the need for representation and understanding about the mobile entities represent in these devices and encourage studies that provide a greater meaning than the simple positional representation of these entities. It is considered in this work that these entities are tracked vehicles that provide satellite spatial position, determined by a pair of coordinates (latitude and longitude), collected at regular time intervals for systems AVL (Automatic Vehicle Location) that are responsible for monitoring the state of these vehicles. In this work, functions have been developed to predict the location and pattern generation of vehicles monitored by AVL systems. Accordingly, these stops will define common regions of the stop occurred during a period of time past and will be considered as the pattern location, while the trajectories are used to define the pattern of movement of the vehicle. The topological relationships that have these patterns define conditions through spatial/directional and temporal, which are stops regions considered as probable destinations from another stop region, regarded as origin and allow the generation of matrices with values of frequencies on considering the number of visits that region receives from the other. What makes it possible to extract values of conditional probability for each likely destination. Therefore, the proposed methodology and functions developed that been validated in experiments using real data to tracking provide a initial layer of intelligence to the AVL system that gives drivers of these systems use predictive queries, more easily identify behavioral abnormalities that may show some unusual occurrence in moving the vehicle, in addition to increasing the safety of vehicles which have a tracking device by setting patterns relating to the vehicle.

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Martínez, Pleguezuelos Antonio. "Queer AVT Club: "Gender in Translation: Beyond Monolingualism" de Judith Butler (2019)." Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/653020.

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Tercera reunión del grupo de lectura Queer AVT Club. Se discutió el artículo de Judith Butler: "Gender in Translation: Beyond Monolingualism". La introducción estuvo a cargo de María Pérez L. de Heredia de la Universidad del País Vasco.

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Hernandez, Michelle Morgan. "Comparing the AWL and AVL in Textbooks from an Intensive English Program." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2017. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6458.

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Academic vocabulary is an important determiner of academic success for both native and non-native speakers of English (Corson, 1997; Gardner, 2013; Hsueh-chao & Nation, 2000). In an attempt to address this need, Coxhead (2000) developed the Academic Word List (AWL)—a list of words common across a range of academic disciplines; however, Gardner & Davies (2014) identified potential limitations in the AWL and have more recently produced their own list of core academic vocabulary—the Academic Vocabulary List (AVL). This study compares the occurrences of the AWL and AVL word families in an intensive English program (IEP) corpus of 50 texts to determine which list has the best overall coverage, frequency, and range in the corpus. While the results show a strong presence of both lists in the IEP corpus, the AVL outperforms the AWL in every measure analyzed in the study. Suggestions for instruction and future research regarding these lists are provided.

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Lindner, Dagmar. "Perspektiven zur Schaffung eines kommerziellen Wissensprodukts. Eine Untersuchung möglicher Potentiale bei AVL List." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2001. http://epub.wu.ac.at/4268/1/WGI_RR_1801.pdf.

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Crandall, Lynne. "Comparing Academic Vocabulary List (AVL) Frequency Bands to Leveled Biology and History Texts." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2019. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/7398.

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For decades, teachers and language learners have been concerned about matching the difficulty level of texts to the proficiency level of learners in order to achieve comprehensible input, which leads to effective learning. Some leveling systems and research use word lists as part of their leveling processes, particularly the Academic Word List. The Academic Vocabulary List (AVL) has not been explored yet as a leveling tool, so this study aims to address this lack of research by examining how the AVL words vary in cumulative frequency bands and also in separate frequency bands with regard to level and topic. The AVL was divided into 5 frequency bands and compared against corpora of biology and U.S. history texts at the elementary, junior high, high school, and university levels. Results showed that the biology texts had a higher percentage of total AVL tokens than the history texts did, suggesting that the AVL may be more suitable for some disciplines than others. For the cumulative bands, Bands 1 through 3 proved to have the highest percent deltas, suggesting that words 1 to 800 are the most useful to learn. Looking at each separate band, Bands 1 and 2 had the highest percent of AVL tokens at the high school level, implying that the words of these bands are especially valuable for learners at this level. The university level had the highest percentage for Bands 3 through 5. There was no statistical significance for any band concerning the factor of the relationship between topic and level, but there was statistical significance for the factor of proficiency level at every level. For the factor of topic, there was significance for every band except Band 3. For each band, the elementary and junior high texts were generally similar to each other concerning the AVL tokens found in them. High school and university texts were similar to each other for Bands 1 and 2 but were not similar to each other for Bands 3 through 5.

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Newman, Jacob Andrew. "A Corpus-Based Comparison of the Academic Word List and the Academic Vocabulary List." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2016. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6080.

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Research has identified the importance of academic vocabulary (e.g., Corson, 1997; Gardner, 2013; Hsueh-chao & Nation, 2000). In turn, many researchers have focused on identifying the most frequent and salient words present in academic texts across registers and presenting these words in lists, such as The Academic Word List (AWL) (Coxhead, 2000). Gardner and Davies (2014), recognizing the limitations of the AWL, have developed a new list known as The Academic Vocabulary List (AVL). This present study examines the appearance of the 570 AWL word families and the top 570 AVL word families in the Academic Textbook Corpus (ATC) – a 1.9-million-word corpus created from three middle school, three high school, and three college level textbooks from the disciplines of American history, mathematics, and physical sciences. The study determined (1) word families from both the AWL and the AVL found in the ATC, (2) words families unique to the AWL in the ATC, (3) word families unique to the AVL in the ATC, and (4) characteristic differences between the AWL and AVL unique word families. The results suggest that the AWL and AVL capture high frequency academic word families that are salient across a variety of academic disciplines and grade levels, but the AVL provides a greater number of unique frequent core academic word families.

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Polzer, Natalie Catherine. "Interpreting the Fathers : a literary-structural comparison of parallel narratives in Avot de Rabbi Natan, versions A and B." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1991. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/251493.

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Avdic, Denis. "Battle of forms : En analys av lämpliga lösningsmodeller." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-61775.

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Syftet med arbetet har varit att utreda vilka lösningar det finns vid en standardavtalskollison i både svensk och utländsk rätt. Samt vilken lösningsmodell som är den mest lämpliga. I Sverige saknas relevant lagstiftning på området. Någon träffande rättspraxis finns inte heller att tillgå och diskussion i doktrinen har med några få undantag varit väldigt begränsad. Detta innebär att rättsläget i Sverige fortfarande är oklart. I utländsk rätt har däremot ”battle of forms” fått betydligt större utrymme i doktrinen, lagstiftning har utvecklats i ett antal länder och intressant rättspraxis finns att tillgå. I den utländska rätten har det sedan länge varit den part som sänder över sina standardvillkor sist som går vinnande ur ”the battle of forms”. Ett antal yngre rättsfall tyder dock på att utvecklingen alltmer går i en riktning mot ”knock-out” modellen.

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Wang, Faliang. "The comparison of aerodynamic and stability characteristics between conventional and blended wing body aircraft." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2012. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/7306.

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Aircraft with advanced wing geometry, like the flying wing or blended wing body configuration, seems to be the seed candidate of future aircraft. Compared with conventional aircraft, there are significant aerodynamic performance improvements because of its highly integrated wing and fuselage configuration. On the other hand, due to its tailless configuration, the stability characteristics are not as good as conventional aircraft. The research aims to compare the aerodynamic and stability characteristics of conventional, flying wing and blended wing body aircraft. Based on the same requirement—250 passenger capability and 7,500 nautical miles range, three different configurations—conventional, flying wing and blended wing body options were provided to make direct comparison. The research contains four parts. In the first part, the aerodynamic characteristics were compared using empirical equation ESDU datasheet and Vortex-Lattice Method based AVL software. In the second part, combined with the aerodynamic data and output mass data from other team member, the stability characteristics were analysed. The stability comparison contains longitudinal, lateral-directional static stability and dynamic stability. In the third part, several geometry parameters were varied to investigate the influence on the aerodynamic and stability characteristics of blended wing body configuration. In the last part, a special case has been explored in an attempt to improve the static stability by changing geometry parameters. The process shows that the design of blended wing body is really complex since the closely coupling of several parameters.

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Padovani, Giorgia. "Dubbing: an AVT mode on Italian television. Analysis of the dubbed Italian version of BBC's Sherlock." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/14204/.

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The aim of this dissertation is to introduce the concept of dubbing as a form of audiovisual translation (AVT) and the importance of linguistic and cultural factors that are involved in the process of translating for dubbing. Nowadays, AVT is one of the most interesting and thriving fields in translation studies and dubbing is the oldest AVT mode. This paper is divided into three sections: the first one presents the origins of dubbing in Italy and the comparison between dubbing and subtitling, as the two main AVT modes. The second section is dedicated to the various issues that translators face and the techniques they usually adopt when translating for dubbing. Moreover, this section illustrates the perception of dubbing by the Italian audience. Finally, the last and most crucial section focuses on the analysis of the dubbed Italian version of the TV series Sherlock compared to the original one, analysing linguistic and cultural aspects that are particularly interesting from the point of view of translation.

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Amarante, Rogério Rodrigues 1972. "Desenvolvimento de sistema AVL com regras para atualização de posição inteligente que melhora a representação dos trajetos." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/257800.

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Orientador: Jorge Luiz Alves Trabanco Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T17:56:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Amarante_RogerioRodrigues_M.pdf: 20709750 bytes, checksum: c6ce8ad63ef545117f1c4188f8446236 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 Resumo: As empresas que precisam gerir suas frotas de veículos estão cada vez mais utilizando sistemas AVL (Localização Automática de Veículos). Com este sistema é possível conhecer a posição de um veículo em uma central de monitoramento, permitindo, com isso, as mais variadas aplicações dentro de atividades como segurança, logística, atendimento de emergência, etc.. Os produtos AVL disponíveis, normalmente são configurados com taxas de atualização que variam de 1 até 15 minutos, a fim de proporcionar uma boa relação custo benefício para as aplicações procuradas atualmente. Contudo, este formato utilizado, mostra com deficiência quais vias trafegou um veículo em áreas urbanizadas. Aumentar a taxa de atualização significa aumento de gastos com comunicação e armazenamento de dados, em contrapartida a redução da freqüência agrava a representação do trajeto, principalmente em áreas urbanas. Assim, este trabalho propõe apresentar o desenvolvimento de um sistema AVL com uma nova abordagem na atualização de posição, que além de representar melhor os trajetos rastreados dentro de áreas urbanas, evite o aumento significativo de gastos, pois quanto maior aderência do mesmo em relação ao percurso efetuado pelo veículo, maior o valor agregado às aplicações. Esta melhoria na representação dos trajetos poderá possibilitar a criação de novas abordagens de utilização de sistemas AVL que necessitam de mais precisão Abstract: The use of AVL (Automatic Vehicle Locator) systems by companies that need to manage their fIeet has considerably increased. It is possible with this system to know the vehicle position in a dispatch center, al/owing several applications like safety and security, logistics, and emergency attendance. The available AVL products are usual/y configured with update rates between 1 and 15 minutes, in order to provide a good cost/benefit relationship. However, this update rate shows with deficiencies the route that a vehicle went through in urban areas. Increasing the update rate also increases expenses with communication and storage data; and, on the other hand, decreasing the frequency diminishes the representation of tracks, especial/y in urban areas. Thus, this master thesis proposes to show the AVL deve/opment with a new approach in position update, that aiso better represents the tracks in urban areas, without having significant increase of expenses, therefore, the better adherence to the tracked trajectory, the greater will be the perceived value of the system applications. This trajectory representation enhancement will make possible the creation of new approaches in AVL systems utilization that need accuracy Mestrado Transportes Mestre em Engenharia Civil

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Valdiviezo, Porras Ysrael Antonio. "Desarrollo e implementación de sistema web para gestionar el proceso de emisión de pólizas de seguros de ingeniería de la empresa AVLA." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/9466.

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Describe el proceso de desarrollo de la primera etapa del sistema web de gestión de pólizas de ingeniería de la empresa de seguros AVLA, el cual tiene como objetivo agilizar el proceso de emisión de pólizas de dicho producto, para esto se emplearon metodologías agiles para el desarrollo de software, puesto que el negocio a automatizar era nuevo en la empresa y estaba sujeto a muchos cambios en su flujo de trabajo. El marco de trabajo usado fue Scrum el cual a través de su desarrollo iterativo e incremental soporto la realidad del negocio. El sistema a desarrollar tenía como objetivo también soportar otras líneas de negocio de la empresa por lo que se empleó una arquitectura modular, de manera que cada componente desarrollado pueda ser reutilizado a futuro, esto se implementó a través del uso de servicios web REST. El sistema web resultado del desarrollo de esta primera etapa satisface las necesidades planteadas por el usuario dando agilidad al flujo del negocio y centralizando y ordenando la información obtenida. Trabajo de suficiencia profesional

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Parladé, Izquierdo Xavier. "Técnicas de inoculación de abeto de Douglas (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.)Franco) con hongos ectomicorrícicos y su aplicación en reforestación." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/32179.

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Pendent El objetivo principal de este trabajo es la aplicación de técnicas de inoculación de platnas de abeto de Douglas (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.)Franco) con hongos ectomicorrícicos seleccionados para las condiciones españolas, con el objetivo de mejorar la calidad de planta de reforestación. Primeramente se ha realizado un proceso de selección de hongos por hábitat, especie asociada, capacidad de crecimiento en cultivo y formación de micorrizas in vitro. Sobre un total de 48 cepas probadas pertenecientes a 36 especies, se han seleccionado 32 cepas en 24 especies por su capacidad micorrícica en cultivo puro. Las técnicas de inoculación de plantas producidas en contenedor han incluïdo inóculo vegetativo, miceli incluído en gel de alginato e inóculo de esporas aplicados a distintas dosis. El inóculo vegetativo de Hebeloma crustuliniforme, Laccaria bicolor, L. laccata y Lyophyllum decastes ha resultado efectivo en la formación de ectomicorrizas, con dosis óptimas variables. La producción de micelio incluído en gel de alginato ha mostrado un grado variable de tolerancia de determinados hongos a las concentraciones elevadas de CaCI2 utilitadas para polimerizar el alginato y al almacenamiento en frío. La formación de micorrizas con este tipo de inóculo se obtuvo únicamente con L. bicolor que resultó efectivo a bajas dosis de aplicación. El inóculo de esporas se obtubo principalmente a partir de hongos hipogeos de fructificación regular en plantaciones adultas de abeto de Douglas. Los esporocarpos de Rhizopogon subareolatus y Melanogaster ambiguus proporcionaron un elevado número de esporas que fueron efectivas en la formación de ectomicorrizas a dosis relativamente bajas. Adicionalmente, se ha iniciado el desarrollo de técnicas de inoculaciones dobles con hongos ectomicorrícicos seleccionados. los resultados in vitro han permitido determinar la capacidad colonizadora relativa y la inducción de la formación de raíces cortas de distintas especias de hongos. Los resultados obtenidos en estas condiciones indican que L. Bicolor y R. subareolatus son hongos de elevada capacidad competitiva.Las inoculaciones mixtas en condiciones de contenedor han resultado en una proporción variable de plantas con dos hongos simbiontes coexistiendo en el mismo sistema radicular, dependiendo de la concentración inicial de cada hongo. Finalmente, se ha iniciado el desarrollo de bioensayos con el objetivo de determinar la infectividad natural de suelos de plantación y su receptividad a las distintas especies de hongos introducidas. Los resultados se discuten en relación a su aplicabilidad en el proceso de selección de hongos adaptados a las condiciones ecológicas de las zonas a repoblar.

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Haglund, Emma, and Anna Olsson. "Tryckerimomsmålen : En utredning av de skatterättsliga och civilrättsliga konsekvenserna ur rättssäkerhetsperspektiv." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Redovisning och Rättsvetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-26615.

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2010 lämnade EU-domstolen ett förhandsavgörande i mål C-88/09 Graphic Procédé gällande huruvida vissa tryckeriprodukter ska anses utgöra varor eller tjänster enligt EU:s mervärdesskattedirektiv. Domen innebar för svensk lagstiftning att mervärdesskattesatsen för vissa tryckeriprodukter sänktes från 25 procent till 6 procent. Konsekvensen blev att skatteverket fick återbetala miljonbelopp till svenska tryckerier på grund av att de redovisat för hög mervärdesskatt. Skatteverket godtog återbetalning till tryckerierna utan att kreditering till tryckerikunder krävdes. Skatteverket bestämde sig för att efterbeskatta tryckerikunderna genom följdändring med motsvarande belopp som tryckeriet erhållit i återbetalning. Frågan kom att prövas av HFD. HFD ansåg att kriterierna för följdändring är uppfyllda och att efterbeskattning inte är uppenbart oskäligt. HFD:s dom bygger på antagandet att tryckerikunderna har en civilrättslig fordran på tryckerierna. Syftet med uppsatsen är att utreda konsekvenserna av HFD:s bedömning avseende följdändringsbestämmelsen och oskälighetsrekvisitet i 66 kap. 27 § 4 p. a) och 66 kap. 28 § Skatteförfarandelag (2011:1224). HFD har genom sin dom i tryckerimomsmålen utvidgat möjligheten att efterbeskatta genom följdändring. Domen brister i rättssäkerhet med anledning av HFD:s opreciserade domskäl. Det föreligger ett osäkert rättsläge avseende huruvida tryckerikunden har en civilrättslig fordran på tryckeriet, varför HFD:s antagande även i detta avseende brister ur rättsäkerhetperspektiv. Det finns dock ett visst stöd för antagandet att det föreligger en fordran enligt 36 § AvtL, principerna om condictio indebiti och obehörig vinst. Oavsett om HD klargör rättsläget angående fordrans existens har HFD:s bedömning orsakat ekonomiska bördor för tryckerikunder som är oförsvarliga ur rättssäkerhetsperspektiv. In 2010 the CoJ submitted a preliminary ruling in C-88/09 Graphic Procédé regarding whether certain printing products should be considered as goods or services in accordance with the VAT Directive. The implication of the ruling for Swedish legislation was that the tax rate for certain printing product was reduced from 25 to 6 percent. The consequence was that the tax office had to repay millions of Swedish crowns to printing houses because the VAT payments had been too high. The Tax Agency repaid the VAT without demanding that the printing houses issued a credit note to their customers. Due to their repayments, the Tax Agency reclaimed the incorrectly charged VAT from the printing houses’ customers. The issue came to be considered by the Swedish Supreme Administrative Court (the court). It considered that the criteria for reclaiming VAT was met and that the reclaiment is not evidently unreasonable. The court's judgment is based on the assumption that the customers have a claim on the printing houses. The purpose of the thesis is to investigate the consequences of the court's judgment concerning additional tax assessment and the criterion of unreasonableness. The court’s judgment has led to extended possibilities to make additional assessment. The judgment fails in legal certainty due to its unspecified grounds. There is an uncertain legal position as to whether the customers has a claim against the printing house, which is why the court's assumption in this matter lacks of legal certainty. However, there is some support for the assumption that there is a claim under § 36 AvtL, the principles of condictio indebiti and unjust enrichment. Irrespective of whether the Supreme Court will clarify the legal situation regarding the claim, the court's judgment has caused economic burdens for customers that are inexcusable from a legal certainty perspective.

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Cunha, Joana Nicolini. "Metodologia de geração dinâmica de padrões de viagens rodoviárias para monitoramentos inteligentes de veículos de carga em sistemas AVL." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3138/tde-05102009-163000/.

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A presente dissertação traz a questão da aderência de viagens de veículos em monitoramentos inteligentes com sistemas Automatic Vehicle Location (AVL) que operam em rotas rodoviárias. Uma viagem é considerada como uma série de \"passadas\", que correspondem ao tempo em que o veículo está em movimento, mas excluindo os tempos gastos em paradas para atividades como carregamento/descarregamento entre outras. A partir de dados históricos coletados via Global Positioning System (GPS) pelo sistema AVL, uma metodologia de filtragem e aplicações estatísticas para geração das passadas é apresentada. Além disso, são propostos métodos para geração de padrões de viagem de referência, baseados em tempos de viagem e velocidades, desvios padrões, locais de descontinuidades entre outros parâmetros. A geração desses padrões em conjunto com procedimentos operacionais permite o monitoramento eficiente do progresso de viagens de frotas de veículos, para finalidades logísticas e de segurança. O progresso de um veículo ao longo de uma rota é analisado diante dos padrões de viagem de referência obtidos a partir de suas viagens prévias, de veículos similares na mesma rota ou de viagens em rotas de mesma classe, dependendo do que for mais adequado. A geração de padrões é um processo dinâmico que gera conhecimento sobre o veículo e comportamento da rodovia ao longo do tempo. Desenho do processo de monitoramento do progresso de viagem é apresentado, no qual, a cada nova coleta de dado GPS ou a cada instante solicitado pelo usuário, a aderência é medida, eventuais descontinuidades (saídas da rota, paradas ou mudança de sentido) são identificadas e avisos são gerados. Tal aderência é definida por índice de desempenho que considera os desvios de tempo em relação a valores de referência e respectivas tolerâncias. Para experimentação da metodologia, foi realizada simulação de viagem na rodovia BR116 na ligação São Paulo - Rio de Janeiro, sobre base com cerca de 130.000 registros de dados GPS associados. Com integração em Geographic Information System (GIS) para suporte de funcionalidades, foram gerados os padrões de viagem e simulado o processo de monitoramento com sucesso. This dissertation addresses the question of vehicle travel adherence in intelligent monitoring with Automatic Transportation Location (AVL) operating in a regional environment. A trip is considered as series of runs, corresponding to time in movement but excluding time spent on activities such as loading/unloading and others. Based on historic data collected from AVL/GPS a statistical data filtering method to generate the runs is presented. Furthermore, statistical methods are proposed to generate travel patterns based on travel time, speed, standard deviation and other parameters. The pattern generation together with operational procedures allows effective monitoring of large fleets in logistics and safety. The progress of a vehicle along a route is evaluated face to the statistical patterns of its previous successful trips or against statistical patterns of similar vehicles on the same route, whichever appropriate. The generation of patterns is a dynamic continuous process that generates knowledge on vehicle and road behavior along time. A broad outline of the travel monitoring process is presented. Whenever the requested by user, the process calculates the travel adherence, identifies abnormalities and generates alarms. That adherence is defined by a performance index, which considers the travel time deviations from the reference values and the respective tolerances. Successful experimentation was carried out on the Rio de Janeiro - São Paulo motorway, with 130.000 Global Positioning System (GPS) positional data relayed from trucks to a Geographic Information System (GIS) based monitoring system in Brazil.

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Myrberg, Jessica. "Optimering av kolorimetrisk mätmetod i ordinarie verksamhet för analys av litium. : En jämförelse mellan Cobas 6000 och AVL 9180." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Biomedicinsk laboratorievetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-136570.

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Bae, Sanghoon. "Dynamic estimation of travel time on arterial roads by using automatic vehicle location (AVL) bus as a vehicle probe." Diss., This resource online, 1995. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-10022007-144910/.

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Zoni, Chiara. "Proposta di adattamento del film giapponese Sharaku di Shinoda Masahiro." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/20472/.

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Questo elaborato verterà sull’analisi del lavoro di sottotitolazione dal giapponese all’italiano del film Sharaku (Shinoda Masahiro, 1995), proiettato all’interno dell'evento “La Primavera dell’Arte Orientale” tenutosi presso l’Università di Bologna – Campus di Forlì nell’aprile 2019. All’interno della tesi si discuterà inizialmente di ciò di cui consiste il processo di adattamento di un’opera dalla lingua giapponese alla lingua italiana, tracciando una panoramica generale delle conoscenze culturali e cinematografiche del pubblico di destinazione, per poi focalizzarsi sulle problematiche linguistiche, culturali e tecniche in cui il traduttore incorre all’interno di questo processo. In seguito, ci si soffermerà sull’analisi del lavoro di sottotitolazione del film, partendo da un’introduzione sul contesto storico e culturale che caratterizzano la pellicola per poi proseguire con la fase di lavoro vera e propria. Attraverso l’esame delle difficoltà tecnico-traduttive e delle strategie utilizzate per risolverle si arriverà a discutere dell’ipotesi di collaborazione tra madrelingua giapponesi e italiani, soprattutto per quanto riguarda l’adattamento di opere di difficile interpretazione linguistica e/o culturale.

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Duyar, Serkan. "Modeling diesel combustion in heavy duty engine using detailed chemistry approach and CFD." Thesis, KTH, Kraft- och värmeteknologi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-149478.

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Emission and fuel consumption are among the key parameters when designing a combustion system. Combustion CFD can assist in this task only if good enough accuracy is achieved regarding combustion and emission predictions. The aim of this master thesis is to evaluate the use of detailed reaction mechanisms (as a substitute for standard combustion model) in terms of computational time and result accuracy. Several mechanisms for n-heptane are tested. Lund University optical engine experimental case is used for this evaluation.Results showed that detailed chemistry can predict ignition accurately but differences are observed in the peak cylinder pressure. The computational time also increased significantly as size and complexity of the mechanism increased. Recommendations are given to improve predictions using detailed chemistry approach which is found to be an interesting approach especially for lift-off length predictions.

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Pallero, González Rafael. "Ajuste a la pérdida visual sobrevenida en la vejez: un estudio psicométrico." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/8963.

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Cada vez es mayor el número de personas que componen el segmento de edad que está por encima de los 65 años y se va incrementando el de aquellas que superan los 80 años. Ese aumento va paralelo al de personas que padecen enfermedades visuales relacionadas con el envejecimiento. Los déficits visuales graves pueden afectar a las actividades desarrolladas por el individuo y a su participación en las situaciones vitales, provocando limitaciones en las actividades y restricciones en la participación y como consecuencia discapacidad y dependencia. También afecta a la eficacia de las estrategias usadas habitualmente y aprendidas a lo largo de los años para resolver las diversas exigencias de la vida. Al proceso por el que la persona reaprende o modifica esas estrategias habituales de resolución de las exigencias de la vida en todos los ámbitos, incluido el emocional, se denomina proceso de ajuste a la discapacidad visual. En esta tesis se expone la propuesta de un modelo estructural de proceso de ajuste a la discapacidad visual en personas mayores de 65 años, con pérdida de visión superior al 90% y en las que no hay otras patologías relevantes, además de la visual. El protocolo de recogida de datos, que incluía varias escalas (NAS, Escala de Ajuste de Nottingham , Dodds, 2006; EBS escala de bienestar subjetivo, Pallero y Ferrando, 2003; GDS, escala geriátrica de depresión de Brink y Yesavage, 1982, en su adaptación española de Izal y Montorio, 1996 y AVLS, escala de ajuste a la pérdida visual sobrevenida con la edad de Horowitz y Reinhardt, 2006 cuya adaptación a la población española es parte de la tesis) se aplicó a una muestra de 335 personas. La adaptación española de la escala AVL mantiene el mismo número de ítems, 24, y de factores, 1, de la versión original. Su fiabilidad es de O.8 (alpha de Cronbach). Se realizó siguiendo los criterios para la traducción y adaptación de los tests de Muñiz y Hambleton (1996 y 2000). El modelo fue planteado como un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales, realizándose su análisis a partir de la matriz de covarianzas, con un submodelo de medida (indicadores) y un submodelo estructural (predictores). Los resultados indican que los datos no contradicen el modelo propuesto y que el ajuste podría considerarse bueno. El factor general de ajuste parece tener suficiente consistencia y muestra como los indicadores son buenas medidas del factor, todos los coeficientes estructurales muestran valores por encima del 0,60, siendo las variables propuestas, depresión (presencia/ausencia de sintomatología) y autoestima (percepción de valía) significativamente superiores a ideación suicida (presencia/ausencia de pensamientos de suicidio y deseo de muerte) y a bienestar psicológico (percepción de bienestar). Los predictores muestran un comportamiento más dispar: de entre las variables propuestas, actitudes (evaluación de la percepción sobre la deficiencia visual en general), aceptación (evaluación de la percepción de la deficiencia visual sobre la propia persona afectada) y adaptación (incluiría la aceptación desde una perspectiva más cercana al aprendizaje de las habilidades adaptativas y considerando la interrelación con los familiares) son las que muestran un buen comportamiento, destacando aceptación sobre las otras. En resumen se considera que se ha podido establecer una interesante propuesta de modelo relacional del proceso de ajuste a la discapacidad visual sobrevenida en la vejez. Modelo que muestra tener suficiente consistencia para servir de base para futuras investigaciones que permitan aumentar el conocimiento de ese proceso. Ese mejor conocimiento ha de permitir a los profesionales de diversos ámbitos (psicología, trabajo social, pedagogía y rehabilitación) una mejor comprensión de las personas que han perdido la vista de mayores, mejorando así sus intervenciones y, en consecuencia, la calidad de vida de la persona mayor con discapacidad visual, facilitando el ajuste a la pérdida visual sobrevenida y modulando la posible dependencia. There are increasingly more people in the over sixty-fives age bracket and the number of over eighties is also growing. This increase is hand-in-hand with the number of people suffering age-related visual diseases. Serious visual impairments can affect the activities pursued by the individual and their participation in life events, leading to limitations in activities and restrictions in participation and, as a consequence disability and dependency. It also affects the efficacy of the strategies that are commonly used and learned over the years to deal with life's varying requirements. The process by which a person relearns or changes such habitual strategies to solve the requirements posed by life in all fields, including the emotional, is known as the adjustment process to visual disability. This thesis presents the proposal of a structural model of the adjustment process to visual disability in the over-65s, with visual impairment of greater than 90% and not suffering any other relevant pathology other than the visual one. The protocol for data collection, which included several scales (NAS, Nottingham Adjustment Scale, Dodds, 2006; EBS escala de bienestar subjetivo or subjective welfare scale, Pallero and Ferrando, 2003; GDS, geriatric depression scale by Brink and Yesavage, 1982, in the Spanish adaptation by Izal and Montorio, 1996 and the AVLS, or age-related vision loss scale by Horowitz and Reinhardt, 2006, whose adaptation to the Spanish population forms part of the thesis) was applied to a sample of 335 people. The Spanish adaptation of the AVL scale maintains the same number of items, 24, and of factors, 1, of the original version. Its reliability is 0.8 (Cronbach's alpha). It was done following the tests translation and adaptation of Muñiz and Hambleton's (1996 and 2000) criteria. The model was approached as being a model of structural equations, their analysis being carried out based on the covariance matrix, with a measurement submodel (indicators) and a structural submodel (predictors). The results indicate that the data do not contradict the proposed model and that adjustment could be considered as being good. The general adjustment factor seems to be sufficiently consistent and shows how the indicators are good measures of the factor, all structural coefficients showing values of over 0.60, and the proposed variables are depression (presence/absence of symptomatology) and self-esteem (perception of value) significantly greater than suicide ideation (presence/absence of suicidal thoughts and the will to die) and psychological well being (feeling of well being). The predictors show a more disparate behaviour: from among the proposed variables, attitudes (assessment of perception on the visual discapacity in general), acceptance (assessment of the perception of the visual discapacity on the affected person him or herself) and adaptation (which would include acceptance from a viewpoint closer to the learning of adaptive skills and considering interrelationships with family members) are seen to behave well, acceptance standing out above the rest. In short, it is considered that it has been possible to establish an interesting proposal of a relational model of the adjustment process to visual discapacity attendant upon old age. It is a model which proves to be sufficiently consistent as to serve as a basis for future research to allow furthering our knowledge into this process. Such further knowledge must allow the professionals of a variety of fields (psychology, social work, pedagogy and rehabilitation) to better understand people who have lost their sight later in life, thus improving their interventions and, as a consequence, the quality of life of the visually impaired elderly person, easing their adjustment to the visual loss experienced and modulating possible dependency.

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Hallgren, Hanna. "RUT -konstruktioner kring det nutida svenska avlo?nade husha?llsarbetet : En diskursanalys av debattartiklar i Aftonbladet och Dagens Nyheter samt fo?retagen Hemfrid och HomeMaids hemsidor." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-23403.

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Syftet är att undersöka konstruktioner kring avlönat hushållsarbete i 10 debattartiklar i Aftonbladet och Dagens Nyheter samt på företagshemsidorna Hemfrid och HomeMaid i förhållande till arbete, kön och etnicitet. Vidare undersöks hur jämställdhet och jämlikhet kan förstås. Materialurvalet är gjort med förhoppningen att visa en ideologisk och praktisk sida. Inledningsvis ges historisk bakgrund och sedan behandlas nutid och hur upptakten till det politiska beslutet angående Rut-avdraget sett ut. Två teoretiska utgångspunkter utifrån genusvetenskaplig och intersektionell kontext ges och sedan förklaras begreppen arbete, kön, etnicitet, jämställdhet och jämlikhet. Metoden är en kvalitativ textanalys med inspiration av diskursanalys. Här ligger fokus på språk och hur det skapar mening. Debattartiklarna talar om arbetet som både positivt och negativt utifrån arbetsmöjligheter och relationer mellan köpare och utförare. Så kallat manligt och kvinnligt arbete jämförs och en statusskillnad diskuteras. Etnicitet beskrivs utifrån jämförelsen av utföraren som invandrad kvinna och köparen som den vanliga människan, vilket kan ses skapa ”vi” och ”dem”. Jämställdhet och jämlikhet kopplas till lönearbete och makten att påverka sitt arbete. På hemsidorna ligger fokus på en servicebeskrivning och arbetet blir en kvinnlig domän där kvinnor återfinns i olika positioner, vilket kan sägas både återskapa och förnya synen på hushållsarbetet. Vidare är fokus på familjen med vit hudfärg, vilket kan ses vara företagens syn på hur potentiella köparna ser ut. Den invandrade kvinnan skildras utifrån en framgångsbeskrivning vilket skiljer sig från en så kallad eländesbeskrivning. Här ges sken av en jämställd och jämlik domän där ansvaret framförallt ligger på en kvinnans axlar. The purpose of this paper is to examine the discussion about paid domestic labor in 10 debate articles from Aftonbladet and Dagens Nyheter and the companies Hemfrid and HomeMaids websites in relation to labor, gender and ethnicity. Furthermore it examines how gender equality and equality can be understood. The thesis intends to demonstrate an ideological and a practical side. A historical background and contemporary perspectives are given. Then theoretical aspects on gender and intersectionality are presented, and definitions on labor, gender, ethnicity, gender equality and equality are introduced. The method is a qualitative text analysis inspired by discourse analysis with focus on how language creates meaning. The result of the thesis shows how the debate articles discuss the paid domestic work as both positive and negative based on work opportunities and relationships between buyers and providers; in addition so-called male and female work is compared. Ethnicity is described based on the comparison of the performer as an immigrant woman and the buyer as a common person. Gender equality and equality are connected to paid work. On the websites the work is described as a feminized service where women are customers, workers and entrepreneurs, which can both restore and renew the perception of domestic work. Moreover, white families can be seen as the description of potential buyers. The immigrant woman is described as successful, which is different from so called negative descriptions. The companies describe a gender equal and equal domain where the responsibility lies on a woman's shoulders.

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Ford, Stewart S. "Kidney form and function and the role of agrinine vasotocin (AVT) in three agamid lizards from different habitats in Western Australia." University of Western Australia. School of Animal Biology, 2005. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2006.0008.

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Reptiles are polyphyletic, and previous studies of renal anatomy and physiology in reptiles have covered a wide diversity of species of different phylogeny and habitat. To date, no study has examined the renal morphology and function of a group of closely related reptiles from different environments, yet this design has a number of advantages. Firstly, phylogenetic effects are reduced while adaptive specialisations in renal function or structure can be elucidated, and secondly, the variation in renal form and function between closely related species may be quantified in an effort to appreciate better the variation between more distantly related species. In this thesis, kidney morphology and renal function were studied in three Western Australian agamid lizards inhabiting environments differing in the availability of water. These key species were Pogona minor, Ctenophorus nuchalis and Ctenophorus salinarum. The renal anatomy of the three key lizards was characterised by determining glomerular diameter, volume density, surface area and number in each. Allometric relationships between kidney, colon and body mass were investigated in these and an additional 11 species of agamid lizard. Patterns of response to osmotic challenge were recorded by measuring renal variables such as urine flow rate, glomerular filtration rate and fractional reabsorption of filtrate among the three key species, and concurrent measurements of circulating arginine vasotocin in P. minor and C. nuchalis allowed the response of this hormone to homeostatic imbalance in these species to be gauged. The gross morphology and the glomerular characteristics of the kidneys was remarkably similar between species. Glomerular number and other characters varied as a function of body size rather than species, contrasting with reports in the literature suggesting that a given species has a particular number of glomeruli. ... Thus, kidney morphology is constrained among species and the response of each species to osmotic perturbation is similar. However, the mechanisms underlying antidiuresis and the hormonal control of this process differ subtly between species, and there is some evidence to suggest that P. minor is more adapted to a mesic environment than the other two lizards examined in this study. The hypothesis that renal form and function reflect the environment in which a lizard lives therefore receives partial support, although the reptilian bauplan is able to mitigate many of the forces that could potentially lead to renal specialisation.

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Ford, Stewart S. "Kidney form and function and the role of arginine vasotocin (AVT) in three agamid lizards from different habitats in Western Australia /." Connect to this title, 2005. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2006.0008.

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Rombo, Oskar. "Software Benchmark and Material Selection in an Exhaust Manifold : Thermo-mechanical fatigue simulation of an exhaust manifold in AVL Fire M." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för ingenjörsvetenskap och fysik (from 2013), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-68662.

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Today, there is a great focus on downsizing the engines, this means that the engines are made smaller in size but retain the same power. This in combination with the drive to increase the power of the engines has led to the engine components being exposed to high thermal loads. Today’s engines also use very high cylinder pressure. The high thermal loads in combination with the high cylinder pressure have led to that the engine components are often very close to their material limits, so close that damage is common. This places high requirements on the materials, which makes the material selection a critical part of the engineering process.The main focus in this thesis work has been to develop and investigate a FEM model that can be used to quickly evaluate materials in an exhaust manifold that is exposed to thermo-mechanical fatigue (TMF). The model was then used to verify a material selection made for an existing exhaust manifold. One of AVL’s own software programs has also been evaluated, to see if it is a viable alternative to ABAQUS when preforming TMF simulations.The material selection made in this master thesis had the restriction that the exhaust manifold should not fail due to low cycle fatigue (LCF) when exposed to TMF. The goal has been to minimize the mass of the exhaust manifold by selecting a strong material with low density. The reason for this is because today there is a big focus on energy efficient cars with low emission levels. The simplest way to achieve this is to minimize the mass of the vehicle.The simulations conducted in this work has been performed in two different software’s, ABAQUS and AVL Fire M. In AVL Fire M flow simulations and steady-state heat transfer simulations have been performed. In ABAQUS, steady-state and transient heat transfer simulations and stress-strain simulations have been performed.The material selection process showed that Inconel 601 is the most suitable material for an exhaust manifold exposed to TMF. The simulations using Inconel 601 showed that this material will not fail due to LCF.The FEM model that was developed in this thesis was a lot faster compared to the existing TMF model used at AVL.CPU time for the existing model: 14 days 13 hours 14 minutes and 30 seconds (Core time).CPU time for the model developed in this thesis: 1 day 6 hours 37 minutes and 49 seconds (Core time).Two alternative models have been proposed for TMF simulations, one that uses the model developed in this thesis and one that is a combination of the existing model and the model developed in this work.

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Gorni, Daniel. "Modelagem para operação de Bus Rapid Transit." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3138/tde-19012011-103449/.

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Este trabalho é um modelo para controle de operação de frota de ônibus público urbano de baixa demanda, que objetiva o monitoramento (e intervenção, quando necessário), de forma que os ônibus monitorados cumpram a programação predeterminada pela grade-horária, evitando assim situações indesejáveis como atrasos ou congestionamentos nas estações de embarque e desembarque. A gestão do controle da movimentação dos ônibus se baseia em intervenções a serem realizadas na frota, considerando-se o sistema Bus Rapid Transit, que possui como grande diferencial as faixas segregadas para circulação dos ônibus. O objetivo é propor intervenções na frota (ações enviadas diretamente ao motorista como, por exemplo, diminuir a velocidade), e analisar os resultados, de forma a contribuir para diminuir dois grandes problemas em transporte público urbano: (1) o não cumprimento dos horários e (2) congestionamentos nas estações. Esses dois problemas geram reações em cadeia que acabam também afetando a regularidade de outros ônibus que compartilhar a mesma via e estações. Instituições públicas ou privadas de ônibus urbano podem obter benefícios utilizando um bom sistema de monitoramento e controle de frota, como por exemplo: mais segurança e previsibilidade nos horários, melhor adequação entre demanda e oferta do serviço, gerenciamento da frota através dos relatórios de pontualidade e desvio, dentre outros. Além disso, a melhora da qualidade do serviço traz como conseqüência o aumento no número de usuários do transporte, devido à oferta de um sistema mais atrativo, seguro e eficiente. A metodologia apresentada neste trabalho é constituída de um modelo para monitoramento da operação da frota e detecção de inconformidades dos ônibus, baseado na grade-horária e em um algoritmo de tomada de decisão, que objetiva a correção das inconformidades identificadas. Na tentativa de resolver (ou diminuir) os problemas que possam surgir durante a circulação dos ônibus, algoritmos (heurísticos) de decisão são utilizados em simulações de situações adversas. Com essas simulações é possível efetuar comparação das situações sem e com as intervenções propostas pelo algoritmo de decisão. Um sistema de informação geográfica é utilizado para manipulação dos dados e apresentação dos mesmos. De forma unifilar, é possível comparar as situações com e sem intervenções. Gráficos e tabelas complementam a apresentação dos resultados, onde é possível identificar e perceber a vantagem no monitoramento e intervenção na frota (a fidelidade à grade-horária melhora com as situações/intervenções simuladas). This dissertation is a model for management of urban public bus fleet operation control, aimed at monitoring (and intervention when necessary) so that the buses monitored meet the pre-determined schedule by the time-grid, thus avoiding undesirable situations such as delays or congestion in the stations of embarkation and disembarkation. The proposed operational management model and the interventions to be carried out in the fleet are possible considering the Bus Rapid Transit system that has segregated roads for the movement of buses. The goal is to propose interventions in the fleet (actions will be sent directly to the driver, like - change the bus velocity), and analyze the results in order to help reduce two major problems in urban public transport: (1) non compliance with the schedules and (2) congestion at stations. These two problems create chain reactions that end up affecting the regularity of other vehicles who share the same track and stations. Public or private urban bus institutes can benefit by using a good system of monitoring and control of the fleet, for example: more security and predictability in schedules, better match between demand and supply of the service, fleet management through the reports of punctuality and deviation, among others. Moreover, the improvement of service quality has as consequence the increase in the number of users of transport, due to availability of a more attractive, safe and efficient bus service. The methodology presented here consists of a model for fleet tracking (operation control) and tracing of unconformities buses based on time-grid and on an algorithm of decision-making that aims to correct non-conformities identified. In an attempt to solve (or reduce) the problems that may arise during the movement of buses, algorithms (heuristic) decision is used in simulations of adverse situations. In these simulations can be performed comparing the situations \"without\" and \"with\" the interventions proposed by the decision algorithm. A geographic information system is used for data manipulation and presentation of them. Using linear representation is possible to compare the buses situations with and without interventions. Charts and tables complement the presentation of results, where it is possible to identify and realize the advantage in monitoring and intervention in the fleet (fidelity to the time-grid improvement with the simulated situations/interventions).

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Picchi, Camilla. ""Wish you well": proposta di sottotitolaggio e analisi dell'adattamento cinematografico." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/9842/.

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L'obiettivo di questa tesi è avanzare una proposta di sottotiolaggio del film "Wish you well" (2013), tratto dal romanzo omonimo di David Baldacci. Nel primo capitolo viene fatta una breve introduzione alla Traduzione Audiovisiva, dalla sua nascita, alla sua evoluzione e alle varie tipologie presenti al giorno d'oggi. Nel secondo capitolo viene affrontato nei dettagli il sottotitolaggio, concentrandosi in particolare modo sulle norme che lo regolano. Nel terzo capitolo viene trattato il genere cinematografico rappresentato dal film, ovvero la trasposizione cinematografica, facendo riferimento alle varie teorie che trattano l'argomento, così come ai metodi pratici con cui i testi letterari sono adattati per il cinema. Nel quarto capitolo viene analizzato il sottotitolaggio del progetto, prima presentando il prodotto a partire dal romanzo da cui è tratto e dal rapporto dell'autore con l'opera, per arrivare ad una analisi precisa sia della caratterizzazione dei personaggi, sia delle difficoltà tecniche affrontare e di come abbiano influito sulle scelte di traduzione. Infine nel capitolo 5 vengono tratte le conclusioni sull'esperienza del processo di sottotitolaggio.

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Malaspina, Marilinda. "Proposta di sottotitolaggio e analisi traduttologica del film Lady Bird." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018.

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L'elaborato presenta un'analisi traduttologica e una proposta di sottotitolaggio del film Lady Bird, diretto da Greta Gerwig. Il primo e il secondo capitolo introducono il contesto e i personaggi del film. Il terzo capitolo illustra brevemente la storia del sottotitolaggio e in seguito elenca e spiega le varie strategie traduttive e di sottotitolaggio, nonché la metodologia seguita per la realizzazione di questo progetto. Il quarto capitolo analizza le difficoltà e i problemi riscontrati durante la fase di traduzione dei dialoghi e creazione dei sottotitoli del film, esaminando in particolare il titolo, i realia, le espressioni idiomatiche, le battute, lo slang e i turpiloqui.

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Macchiarella, Paola. "OECD Forum 2018: Proposta di sottotitolaggio dell'Economic Outlook Debate "Employment, Digitalisation & Productivity"." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/19545/.

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The aim of this paper is to present an adaptation in subtitle format from English into Italian of the Youtube video “Employment Digitalisation and Productivity”, a debate held during the OECD Forum 2018 in Paris which followed the presentation of the 2018 OECD Global Economic Outlook. The experts involved discuss the main topics explored in the outlook: the challenges of the global economy, the structural reforms expected from the policymakers to boost growth and productivity, the impact of digitalization on enterprises and on the employment market. The idea underlying the adaptation is to combine the subtitle format with the sublanguage of the domain of macroeconomy. The dissertation is divided into three chapters. The first chapter provides an overview of the major audiovisual translation practices, focusing on subtitling. In the second chapter the focus shifts the lexical, syntactical and textual features of specialized languages and of the language of economics in particular. In this chapter are also presented the translation method and terminological resource building procedure. The third chapter provides the analysis of the difficulties encountered during the process of adaptation in subtitle format (that being the time and space restrains, the translation of the oral dimension, the LSP conventions and the domain-specific terminology) and illustrates the strategies used to solve them. The paper is followed by the table of the complete transcription of the original dialogues, the adaptation and the corresponding time codes of the subtitle format.

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Scarpellini, Ugo. "Definizione del sistema di acquisizione e controllo di una sala prova motori." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/9656/.

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L’obiettivo della tesi è l’integrazione di alcuni dispositivi AVL e di un motore elettrico passo-passo lineare all’interno di un sistema di controllo e acquisizione dati per una sala prova motori. La sala prove in cui è svolto il lavoro è quella del laboratorio Hangar del Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale di Forlì. Inizialmente viene proposta una breve descrizione della sala prove; essa è divisa in una parte hardware, in cui vengono spiegati i principali device utilizzati per il controllo, e in una parte software, in cui vengono descritti i programmi utilizzati (LabView e TestIT). Successivamente, i capitoli centrali, si occuperanno dei componenti AVL e del motore lineare utilizzati in sala. Per quanto riguarda AVL i dispositivi da integrare sono la bilancia per il carburante 733s e lo smoke meter 415s. Si traccia quindi una descrizione degli impianti e si indicano i principi operativi. Entrambi sfruttano il linguaggio seriale, quindi si procede con la creazioni di un’interfaccia grafica in grado di convertire i comandi desiderati dall’utente in codice ASCII. Allo stesso modo viene affrontato il motore lineare NEMA. In questo caso il dialogo avviene tramite una connessione Ethernet. La parte centrale si conclude con un capitolo nel quale si spiega l’introduzione dei VI all’interno di TestIT e le problematiche che ne possono scaturire. Nell’appendice finale saranno descritte brevemente le connessioni pratiche e gli interventi di progettazione avvenuti per organizzare il rack.

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Morri, Cecilia. "Proposta di sottotitolaggio del social movie italy in a day." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/9857/.

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The aim of this thesis is to analyse the main translating issues related to the subtitling of the Italian social movie Italy in a day into English: Italy in a day is a crowdsourced film, comprising a selection of video clips sent by ordinary people, showing occurrences of everyday life on a single day, October 26th, 2013. My dissertation consists of four chapters. The first provides a general overview of audiovisual translation, from the description of the characteristics of filmic products to a summary of the most important audiovisual translation modes; a theoretical framework of the discipline is also provided, through the analysis of the major contributions of Translations Studies and the multidisciplinary approach proposed by the scholar Frederic Chaume. The second chapter offers insight into the subtitling practice, examining its technical parameters, the spatial and temporal constraints, together with the advantages and pitfalls of this translation mode. The main criteria for quality assessment are also outlined, as well as the procedures carried out in the creation of subtitles within a professional environment, with a particular focus on the production of subtitles for the DVD industry. In the third chapter a definition of social movie is provided and the audiovisual material is accurately described, both in form and content. The creation of the subtitling project is here illustrated: after giving some information about the software employed, every step of the process is explained. In the final chapter the main translation challenges are highlighted. In the first part some text reduction techniques in the shift from oral to written are presented; then the culture-specific references and the linguistic variation in the film are analysed and the compensating strategies adopted to fill the linguistic and cultural gap are commented on and justified taking into account the needs and expectations of the target audience.

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Bang, Chulho. "Integrated Model to Plan Advanced Public Transportation Systems." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30275.

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The primary objective of this study is to develop an integrated public transportation planning framework to evaluate and plan Advanced Public Transportation Systems (APTS). With this purpose, a systems approach point of view is adopted to study the influence of new APTS technology in supply and demand transit variables. In this project the Systems Dynamics methodology is adopted to track the dynamic behavior of model variables and feedback loops forming among them. The proposed framework is illustrated in a case study involving automated vehicle location systems (AVL) applied to a small transit community. The proposed approach follows the same steps of the Systems Dynamics method; First, identify some key variables which are not only susceptive to AVL technology but also affect the supply-demand relationship of a bus transit environment. Second, trace and simplify the causal relationships of the variables considering impacts of facility supply changes to passenger demand responses and vice versa. To accomplish this, four detailed sub-models representing parts of the transit system are developed and combined under the Systems Dynamics methodology point of view. Theses Sub-models are: 1) demography, 2) urban transportation planning, 3) bus operations, and 4) evaluation. Finally, to validate the model procedure, the model is applied to a case study. This study attempts to encompass as many as possible factors around a bus transit system environment which can be impacted by new APTS technology to illustrate the use of the proposed framework. Some of these factors include: 1) Demographic characteristics; 2) urban or social activity of the study area and 3) changes to transportation facilities. The case study illustrates how the physical characteristics of the transit systems such as traffic demand, traffic conditions along the transit route, route layout, and bus performance can be affected by the new technology. Since APTS impacts are time dependent a continuous multi-loop simulation technique is adopted to track dynamic changes of all model variables. The analysis of the transit system is carried over a 20-year life cycle to illustrate the long term dynamics of the feedback structures inherent in the model. [Vita removed Aug. 2, 2010. GMc] Ph. D.

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