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Karaman, Ersin. "Angle Perception On Autostereoscopic Displays." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12610779/index.pdf.
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Stereoscopic displays provide 3D vision usually with the help of additional equipment such as shutter glasses and head gears. As a new stereoscopic display technology, autostereoscopic 3D Displays provide 3D vision without additional equipment.
Previous studies of depth and distance estimation with autostereoscopic displays indicate the users do not exhibit better performance in 3D. Yet, they claim 3D displays provide higher immersiveness.
In this study, perception of the angle of a 3D shape is investigated by comparing 2D, 3D and Real perception cases. An experiment is conducted using an autostereoscopic 3D display. Forty people have participated in the experiment. They were asked to estimate the vertex angle and draw the projections of the object from two different viewpoints. It is found that users can better estimate the angles on a cone when viewed from the top on an autostereoscopic display. This may contribute positively to 3D understanding of the scene.
Results revealed that participants make more accurate angle estimation in autostereoscopic 3D displays than in traditional 2D displays. In general, the participants&rsquo<br>angle drawings were slightly higher than their angle estimations. Moreover, the participants overestimated 35, 65 and 90 degree angles and underestimated 115 degree angle in autostereoscopic 3D display.
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Fulkerson, Lynn. "Synthetic stereograms : computer programming for autostereoscopic displays." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/73754.
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Thesis (M.S.V.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1986.<br>MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH<br>Bibliography: leaves 57-58.<br>by Lynn Fulkerson.<br>M.S.V.S.
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Van, Belleghem Emily M. "3-dimensional autostereoscopic displays with 4K televisions." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/119556.
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Thesis: M. Eng., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2018.<br>This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.<br>Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 53-55).<br>This thesis report presents the research conducted over the course of Fall 2016 through Fall 2017 in regards to 3-Dimensional autostereoscopic light fields. It includes work from a senior project called 6.UAP and a Masters of Engineering thesis called the MEng. In the 6.UAP senior project, combination methods for autostereoscopic 3D displays on high definition screens were explored by integrating a Pepper's Ghost effect (using a trapezoidal prism) with 3D integral imaging (using a lenticular array). In the MEng thesis the complexity of the illusion was increased by utilizing a cone in place of a trapezoidal prism, and a radial parallax barrier in place of a lenticular array. This created a light field with a field of view of about 40 degrees and appeared 3D when perspective was shifted from left to right. The results of this project proved 3D autostereoscopic displays with radial parallax barriers were possible and merit future work in the area of radial lenticular arrays and parallax barriers..<br>by Emily M. Van Belleghem.<br>M. Eng.
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Jung, Daniel [Verfasser]. "Depth Image-Based Rendering for Full Parallax Displays : Rendering, Compression, and Interpolation of Content for Autostereoscopic Poster and Video Displays / Daniel Jung." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:8:1-zs-00000301-a0.
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5
Christie, Paul (Paul Brian). "Multiple-viewer autostereoscopic display system." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/61111.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, 1997.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 88-89).<br>Three-dimensional displays are numerous. Some can be used as "computer monitor-type" displays where predominantly one user is involved, while others work well in "movie-like" settings with a captive. However, very few, if any, of these 3-D displays have what can be called a "television- like" feel. For purposes of this thesis, a "television-like" feel is defined in this thesis as: 1) being autostereoscopic (no special glasses required), 2) having the capability to deliver a 3D image to a viewer at a variety of locations within the viewing area, 3) being able to accommodate multiple viewers, 4) being able to convey image realism, 5) utilizing only the minimum amount of data necessary to create a 3D image, 6) having a design that is scalable. Seven new designs will be outlined and discussed in this thesis which will satisfy these criteria, or bring valuable insight as to how these criteria may be satisfied.<br>by Paul Christie.<br>S.M.
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Lee, Chong Ming Gordon. "Flat-panel autostereoscopic 3D display." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.614270.
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7
Krüger, Karen. "Nutzen und Grenzen von 3D-Anzeigen in Fahrzeugen." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät II, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/15765.
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In dieser Arbeit wurden nutzbringende Anwendungsmöglichkeiten für monoskopische und (auto)stereoskopische 3D-Anzeigen in Fahrzeugen theoretisch hergeleitet und empirisch überprüft. Zur Ableitung der Hypothesen wurde für jede Teilaufgabe anhand eines Fragenkatalogs zu den Vor- und Nachteilen von 3D-Anzeigen untersucht, inwieweit deren Bearbeitung davon profitiert, dass Informationen räumlich abgebildet werden. Die erwiesenen 3D-Vorteile wurden zu fünf Kategorien zusammengefasst: Integration, räumliche Kompatibilität, Aufmerksamkeitslenkung, Bildhaftigkeit und Attraktivität. Da der wesentliche 3D-Vorteil für Anzeigen in Fahrzeugen in einer räumlich kompatiblen Informationsdarstellung aus der Fahrerperspektive gesehen wurde, lag der Schwerpunkt der empirischen Arbeit auf 3D-Anzeigen für Fahrerassistenzsysteme (FAS). Am Beispiel einer 3D-Anzeige des Abstandsregeltempomaten (ART) wurde nachgewiesen, dass die Vorteile von 3D-Anzeigen für FAS in einer Erhöhung der Attraktivität und Akzeptanz sowie in einer Verbesserung des unmittelbaren Verständnisses im Vergleich zu 2D-Anzeigen liegen. Gleichzeitig wurden mit optimal gestalteten 3D-Anzeigen keine Nachteile in der Wahrnehmungssicherheit und Ablenkungswirkung festgestellt. Anhand der Literaturanalyse und der empirischen Ergebnisse wurden Gestaltungshinweise für 3D-Anzeigen in Fahrzeugen formuliert. Der erwartete 3D-Vorteil einer kompatiblen Darstellung stellte sich bei einer konstanten Anordnung der Informationen nicht ein, bleibt aber für Aufgaben mit einem kontinuierlichen Abgleich (z.B. Navigation) zu überprüfen. Die stereoskopische Darbietung erbrachte keinen besonderen Nutzen. Das fahrzeugtaugliche ASD erhöhte sogar die Reaktionszeiten. Insgesamt sprechen die Ergebnisse für eine gezielte Verwendung bildhafter monoskopischer 3D-Anzeigen für FAS und ausgewählte räumliche Funktionen, welche sich anhand von Begriffen und abstrakten Symbolen nur schwer erläutern lassen.<br>This thesis consists of the theoretical deduction and empirical evaluation of useful applications for monoscopic and (auto)stereoscopic 3D-displays in vehicles. For deducting hypotheses concerning the benefits and limits of 3D-displays, each subtask was tested for its potential benefits from a 3D-information presentation using a catalogue of confirmed advantages and disadvantages of 3D-displays. The proven 3D-advantages were summarized in five categories: integration, spatial compatibility, direction of attention, concreteness and attractiveness. Because it was presumed, that 3D-displays in vehicles are especially favorable for representing information about the vehicle surrounding in a 3D-perspective compatible to the drivers view, the empirical part was mainly focused on the application of 3D-displays for driver assistance systems. Using a 3D-display for adaptive cruise control (ACC), a general increase of attractiveness, acceptance and immediate comprehension for 3D-displays in comparison to conventional 2D-displays was confirmed. Simultaneously, well designed 3D-displays did not compromise perceptional safety and driver distraction. Design guidelines for 3D-displays in vehicles were concluded from the evaluation results and from literature analysis. Even though the expected 3D-benefit of spatially compatible information displays from the driver’s perspective was not confirmed for driver assistance systems like ACC with a constant layout of information, it still remains to be tested for continuous matching tasks like navigational checking in cars. The stereoscopic presentation of 3D-displays did not show advantages. On the contrary, an in-vehicle ASD even increased reaction times. In summery, the results suggest a distinctive application of well designed concrete and monoscopic 3D-displays for driver assistance systems and selected spatial functions which are difficult to explain using abstract notions or symbols.
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Brar, Rajwinder Singh. "Head tracked multi user autostereoscopic 3D display investigations." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/6532.
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The research covered in this thesis encompasses a consideration of 3D television requirements and a survey of stereoscopic and autostereoscopic methods. This confirms that although there is a lot of activity in this area, very little of this work could be considered suitable for television. The principle of operation, design of the components of the optical system and evaluation of two EU-funded (MUTED & HELIUM3D projects) glasses-free (autostereoscopic) displays is described. Four iterations of the display were built in MUTED, with the results of the first used in designing the second, third and fourth versions. The first three versions of the display use two-49 element arrays, one for the left eye and one for the right. A pattern of spots is projected onto the back of the arrays and these are converted into a series of collimated beams that form exit pupils after passing through the LCD. An exit pupil is a region in the viewing field where either a left or a right image is seen across the complete area of the screen; the positions of these are controlled by a multi-user head tracker. A laser projector was used in the first two versions and, although this projector operated on holographic principles in order to obtain the spot pattern required to produce the exit pupils, it should be noted that images seen by the viewers are not produced holographically so the overall display cannot be described as holographic. In the third version, the laser projector is replaced with a conventional LCOS projector to address the stability and brightness issues discovered in the second version. In 2009, true 120Hz displays became available; this led to the development of a fourth version of the MUTED display that uses 120Hz projector and LCD to overcome the problems of projector instability, produces full-resolution images and simplifies the display hardware. HELIUM3D: A multi-user autostereoscopic display based on laser scanning is also described in this thesis. This display also operates by providing head-tracked exit pupils. It incorporates a red, green and blue (RGB) laser illumination source that illuminates a light engine. Light directions are controlled by a spatial light modulator and are directed to the users’ eyes via a front screen assembly incorporating a novel Gabor superlens. In this work is described that covered the development of demonstrators that showed the principle of temporal multiplexing and a version of the final display that had limited functionality; the reason for this was the delivery of components required for a display with full functionality.
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Raine, Alexander Douglas 1977. "Real-time rendering for autostereoscopic display technology." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/8955.
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Thesis (S.B. and M.Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2000.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaf 42).<br>The Mark II autostereoscopic display system is a fully-functional demonstration of interactive stereo image display without the need for special glasses or constraints on the user' location. The computer-graphic renderer for the Mark II is a modified version of the Genesis 3D game engine that provides a fully interactive, immersive environment that highlights the capabilities of the Mark II display. While previous versions of the autostereo display were limited to pre-rendered static frames, the new version supports dynamically rendered worlds that users can fully explore. Interaction with the display can be through separate controls, or simply through the user's head motions while watching the display. New facetracking technology also provides more robust tracking and the potential for new tracking features while reducing system requirements. The entire system can also now be run by only one PC (rather than the previous two SGI workstations).<br>by Alexander Douglas Raine.<br>S.B.and M.Eng.
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Weber, Aaron Benjamin 1975. "An autostereoscopic display using reflection Edgelit holograms." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/62955.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, 2001.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 63-64).<br>by Aaron Benjamin Weber.<br>S.M.
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Dobiáš, Roman. "Holografická injekce." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-445541.
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Táto práca sa zaoberá návrhom a implementáciou nástroja, ktorý umožní používať klasické 3D OpenGL aplikácie na tzv. autostereoskopických displayoch s plným využitím ich hĺbkových možností a s minimálnym zásahom od užívateľa. Nástrojom je konverzná vrstva, ktorá umožní transparentne beh OpenGL aplikácií s interným rozšírením o vykreslenie z viacerých pohľadov vo formáte, vhodnom pre 3D display. Motiváciou tejto diplomovej práce je potenciálne rozšírenie tzv. autostereskopických displayov, ktoré je v súčasnosti závislé na cene a dostupnosti špecializovaných aplikácií pre tieto displaye. Text práce sa zaoberá dizajnom takejto vrstvy z pohľadu nutných API volaní, ktoré je potrebné korektne prepísať, aby aplikácie, vytvorené pomocou jednotlivých verzii štandardu OpenGL, pracovali správne, ako aj popisom problémov, ktoré vznikajú použitím rôznych vykreslovacích techník, a ktoré sú motiváciou pre komplexnejšie chovanie nástroja. Na záver práce sú ukážky konverzie programov, dopad na výkonnosť, ako aj identifikácia nedostatkov konverznej vrstvy s návrhmi možných riešení pre ďalší vývoj.
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Jönsson, Jens. "Perceptual depth cue evaluation on an autostereoscopic display." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för teknik och naturvetenskap, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-96213.
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In this work an application for evaluating different 3D displays is developed. The work is carried out in collaboration with Setred AB that develops an autostereoscopic display. A stereoscopic display lets the user see different perspectives of a scene with each eye. A presentation of previous research within depth perception and stereoscopic 3D displays is made. Based on results from previous evaluations, a test environment is designed. It is implemented in C++ and OpenGL and a small Interface Library is developed. A couple of test sessions are carried out with a relative small number of subjects to provide results for an evaluation of the test environment. Results from the evaluation are used in combination with previous research to conclude the design of an evaluation environment. Tracking 3D paths is suggested as a suitable task for evaluating 3D displays. Three types of parameters are suggested for use as dependent variables: response time, rate of correct answers and accuracy. The parameters are used in the evaluation environment developed. One test developed intends to give an appreciation of how small differences in depth that are noticeable on the display. No distinct value for the depth resolution is found. In a scene influence test, the task is to position three objects in specific places on the walls of a room. For this test the accuracy is measured and used as the dependent variable. The presence of a reference structure improves the result in this test. Two different tests are carried out to evaluate occlusion. A number of tiles are to be ordered in increasing depth and the error rate of the ordering is used as dependent variable in this test. The results from the two tests indicate that occlusion overrides binocular disparity. A user interaction test that requires movement in three dimensions is developed. It evaluates six different methods to do this. The keyboard interaction method is preferred by some of the test subjects and provides the best results.
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Björk, Jim. "Evaluation of a Holographic 3D Display." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Centrum för bildanalys, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-141098.
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An autostereoscopic display based on a Holographic Optical Element(HOE) presents new opportunities for faithful 3D displaying but also presents potential new problems, such as: accuracy of 3D objects, interactivity and user perception. In this evaluation, which is the first of its kind for this type of display, I have explored and tested methods and tools for the evaluation of these potential problems. I have found that the visual quality is comparable to more common display types but with a significant visual delay due to the parallel rendering of graphics and the projectors significant input lag. From this I have concluded that the display system is not yet ready for its intended purpose, cranio-maxillofacial surgery planning. We need projectors with less input lag and preferably better optics. The software needs to be optimized for multimonitor rendering as well.
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Bardsley, Tim. "The design and evaluation of an autostereoscopic computer graphics display." Thesis, De Montfort University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390980.
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Moore, Michael Wilson. "Investigation of the Effects of an Autostereographic Virtual Environment on Recall in Participants of Differing Levels of Field Dependence." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26258.
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Stereographic virtual environments display data in such a way that a user perceives objects within the displayed environment to be separated in depth from the display itself. The effectiveness of stereographic virtual environments as learning tools has been evaluated relative to factors such as multidimensional cues, user interaction, and learner characteristics. This study has examined the relationship between two evaluative factors: the presence of stereographic depth cues and field dependence, a learner characteristic associated with performance on visual tasks. Adult learners were identified on a field dependence continuum based on scores on the Group Embedded Figures Test. Each student received instruction related to the heart using stereographic materials or nonstereographic materials, depending on assignment to treatment group. All participants were given two tests, identification and terminology, following this instruction. The scores on the combination of these tests, denoted as the Modified Total Criterion Test (MTCT), represented the level of visual recall relative to the instructional materials reviewed. Analyses of variance revealed an interaction effect between the level of field dependence and the presence of stereographic depth cues within a virtual environment such that field independent participants scored higher on tests of visual recall within stereographic conditions versus nonstereographic conditions and field dependent participants scored lower within stereographic conditions versus nonstereographic conditions.<br>Ph. D.
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YAN, JUN. "THREE-DIMENSIONAL DISPLAY SYSTEMS IMPLEMENTED WITH A MICROMIRROR ARRAY." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin997703291.
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Andersson, Oskar. "Simulations in 3D research : Can Unity3D be used to simulate a 3D display system?" Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för informations- och kommunikationssystem, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-28044.
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Mid Sweden University is currently researching how to capture more of a scene with a camera and how to create 3D images that does not require extra equipment for the viewer. In the process of this research they have started looking into simulating some of the tests that they wish to conduct. The goal of this project is to research whether the 3D graphics engine Unity3D could be used to simulate these tests, and to what degree. To test this a simulation was designed and implemented. The simulation used a split display system where each camera is directly connected to a part of the screen and using the position of the viewer the correct part of the camera feed is shown. Some literary studies were also done into how current 3D technology works. The simulation was successfully implemented and shows that simple simulation can be done in Unity3D, however, some problems were encountered in the process. The conclusion of the project show that there is much work left before simulation is viable but that there is potential in the technology and that the research team should continue to investigate it.
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Hasmanda, Martin. "Zpracování stereoskopické videosekvence." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-218288.
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The main goal of this master’s thesis was get up used methods for observation the stereoscopic scene with one couple of cameras and find out good solving for processing these resulting pictures for two-view and multiple-view autostereoscopic displays for three-dimensional perception. For methods for acquisition video was introduced two methods. They were method “Off-axis” with parallel camera axis and method “Toe in” with intersections axis. For fit method was choice the method named as “Off-axis“. It was not produces the vertical parallax and in detail was in this work described principle of this method. Further were describe principles off used methods for three-dimensional perception namely from the oldest method named anaglyph after methods for viewing at autostereoscopic displays. The Autostereoscopic displays were main goal of this thesis and so their principles were described in details. For production the result image for autostereoscopic displays was used generation intermediate images between left and right camera. Resulting videos were acquisition for testing scene in created in 3D studio Blender, where was possible setting system of cameras exactly parallel axis. Then were introduce principles processing video where was extract from the couple of cameras where were connected to PC for help digitizing card and next time with two web cameras. Here is not guaranteed exact parallel axis system. Therefore this work try for real cameras achieve exactly parallel axis system by the help of transformations of frames with stereo rectification. Stereo rectification was solving with OpenCV libraries and was used two methods. Both methods work from principles epipolar geometry that was described in this work also in detail. First method rectifies pictures on the basis fundamental matrix and found correspondences points in two images of the scene and second method rectifies pictures from knowledge intrinsic and extrinsic parameters of stereoscopic system of cameras. In the end of this work was described application for implementation introduced methods.
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Atan, Levent. "Multi-Person Infrared Pupil Tracking for 3D TV without Glasses." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för informatik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-62822.
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The success of recent 3-D stereoscopic movies such as Avatar has created a lot of attention for 3-D in the home. Almost all major consumer electronics (CE) manufacturers have launched their 3-D stereoscopic displays in the market. A problem with those solutions is that viewers have to wear glasses. Glasses-free autostereoscopic 3-D displays typically use lenticular lenses or barriers to create multiple views. However these displays suffer from a number of issues: inverted views at viewing cone transitions, cross-talk between views, and need for multi-view content. As Philips Electronics research group, we believe that some of these issues can be reduced by using pupil tracking. In the research process, we began with an extensive literature study on people detection and tracking techniques that helped us to understand the benefits and the shortcomings of different applications. Addition to literature studies, we greatly benefited from constant experimentation with prototypes and the hands-on experience with variety of digital and optical components under different conditions. As a result, we designed a multi-person infrared pupil tracker and multi-view renderer for 3D display to adapt the view rendering in real-time according to viewer’s position. Together with the integration of these two applications, the integrated 3D TV successfully adapts the center view according to position of the viewer and able to provide a smooth transition while the viewer actively changes her position from a notable distance under ambient illumination. However, even though the pupil tracker is implemented for multiple people, because of the time limitation and the complexity of the problem regarding multi-view renderer, the integrated system functions only for one person. Exploring the employed technique, in-depth description and detailed illustration of designed applications and the conclusions drawn from the implemented system; we believe that this paper forms a substantial guidance and show-how source for further research in the field of 3D display and people tracking methods.
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Chen, Hsiang-Ju, and 陳相如. "A Comparative Study on Visual Performance of Different Autostereoscopic Displays." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/55215555679201192752.
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碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>光電工程學研究所<br>99<br>In recent years, three-dimensional (3D) displays have drawn great attention in the flat panel display industry due to the fact that viewers keep pursuing more realistic images. For such a reason, many technological giants have got involved in the field of 3D displays especially autostereoscopic displays without wearing additional accessories. For the current autostereoscopic displays that can be viewed with the naked eye, either a lenticular lens or a parallax barrier is mainly utilized. Besides, an autostereoscopic display based on electrowetting microprism (EMP) lens has been also introduced. At present, none of the autostereosopic 3D technology is dominant, because all of these technologies have their own superiority and limitation. It is difficult for them to satisfy all needs.
Considering that system parameters of a display are correlated to its visual performance, therefore, in order to understand the difference among autostereocopic displays based on parallax barrier, lenticular lens and EMP lens, we proposed a common platform called “Visual Based Panel” as the basis to evaluate these technologies. Through this way, we could objectively compare the visual performance of different autostereoscopic displays. Optical software LighttoolsTM is applied to construct the simulation models of autostereoscopic displays and simulate optical characteristics of them. Moreover, we also investigated the influence and tendency of system parameters of panels on the visual performance of different displays. From the viewer’s perspective, we compared several types of visual performance that the viewers mostly care about, including luminance, uniformity, crosstalk, viewing zone and viewing field angle.
By the simulation results, it is clear that in terms of luminance, the display based on lenticular lens is brightest while that based on EMP lens is superior in the uniformity of luminance. In addition, the display based on parallax barrier has the widest viewing zone and viewing field angle. However, its excessive loss of brightness is a major drawback which still needs to be overcome. Through the research of the paper, we could gain a better understanding of these three different 3D technologies in terms of their optical characteristics and individual differences, which offers a good reference for the future designing of displays that can choose a technology based on the purpose of usage and the most highly valued visual performance.
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Wang, Pei-Chia, and 王珮嘉. "Ergonomics Experimental Study and Evaluation on Image Quality of Autostereoscopic Displays." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/05827720749553367240.
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博士<br>國立清華大學<br>工業工程與工程管理學系<br>101<br>3D displays have become the mainstream due to the development of display manufacturers. However, there have been some problems existed in current display technology. The crosstalk issue stemming from the leakage of light between viewing zones corresponding to the left and the right eyes is inevitable in some autostereoscopic displays and could sometimes be serious. 3D cues are also the major factors affecting viewers’ visual quality. These phenomena of 3D displays may increase viewers’ mental and physical loading. 3D TVs and movies have entered the mass market; however, the inadequate display luminance and ambient illumination might affect 3D image quality for viewers. As a result, it is a critical issue how to enhance the image quality of 3D images and the subject’s visual comfort on viewing 3D displays.
This study is composed of two experiments. The first research studied the effect of crosstalk and 3D cues upon viewers’ visual fatigue and image quality evaluation in both mirror-type 3D displays and barrier-type autostereoscopic displays. The first ergonomic experiment included three parts. First, the effect of system crosstalk, shadow, and linear perspective of 3D pictures in a mirror-type 3D display was verified. Second, an acceptable threshold level of system crosstalk was analyzed. Third, the fitting system crosstalk level in barrier-type autostereoscopic displays corresponding to that in mirror-type 3D displays was compared. The results showed that system crosstalk, shadow and linear perspective significantly affected image quality evaluation. The acceptable system crosstalk level in mirror-type 3D displays ranged from 18.18% to 22.98%. The fitting system crosstalk level in a barrier-type autostereoscopic display ranged from 21.52% to 30.46%, which was higher than that in a mirror-type 3D. In addition, the combination of 3D cues, grid and linear perspective, in a content of 3D images shown in a barrier-type autostereoscopic display could enhance the image quality evaluation. However, viewers replied neither visual fatigue nor visual discomfort when watching 3D pictures for only 10 minutes in this experiment.
The second experiment extended the first experiment to investigate whether screen luminance and ambient illumination have significant effects on the perception of 3D television imagery for static pictures and dynamic films. Two kinds of stimuli were shown on the multi-view stereoscopic display: the static pictures, which included computer-generated and photographic images, and the dynamic films, which contained real-life and animation images. In each treatment with a different level of screen luminance, subjects finished psychophysical and physiological measurements and subjective comfort evaluation. The results showed the suitable watching condition of luminance and ambient for 3D viewing experience. When subjects viewed 3D static pictures, ambient illumination of 55 Lux could produce the lower psychophysical visual fatigue, and screen luminance of 34.2 cd/m2 could cause better subjective comfort evaluation and visual discrimination performance. However, when subjects watched 3D dynamic films, screen luminance of 60 cd/m2 under brighter (300 Lux) or dark (0 Lux) ambient illumination was the better viewing condition.
The results of this study could be served as a reference for the design of 3D displays. In order to promote the 3D display in the market, industry will need to tackle all of these challenges to support content creators and provide features and ease of use that end users require. For the further study, it is expected to obtain the optimal 3D cues, and the various impactful viewing 3D factors of dynamic films to build up guidelines for a qualified autostereoscopic and stereoscopic display.
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Yang, Yuan-Ju, and 楊媛茹. "Study on the Convex- and Concave-Type Parallax-Barrier Autostereoscopic Displays." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/61211650459918354219.
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碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>光電工程學研究所<br>104<br>Among the 3D imaging technology, the auto-stereoscopic 3D display technology has generally accepted because of its advantages about no need to wear glasses and various use. In recent years, the rise of flexible display make wearable displays and curved displays spring up, such as smart watch and curved smart phone and the research of the curved display is more important. Based on the bending direction, Curved displays are divided into concave-type displays and convex-type displays and provide the more natural and comfortable visual experience. The concave-type displays provide the effect of Panorama image and the convex-type provide the effect of Surrounding image. Therefore, the curved auto-stereoscopic display is highly expected in the future.
For an auto-stereoscopic display, viewing position and the movable range for observers strongly affect image quality. Viewing zone describes the range that an observer could move while experiencing 3D images in front of the display. Regarding a curved auto-stereoscopic display, radius of curvature and width of the screen determine the relative degree of bending, by which the spacial light distribution is determined. In addition, this is a key factor influencing image quality, especially for the display which directs the views for left and right eyes based on binocular parallax.
In this thesis, we investigate the effect of viewing zones with concave-type and convex-type in small size displays(such as mobile devices), medium size displays(such as desktop monitors) and large size displays(such as televisions) by modulating the radius of curvature. According to the results, both concave-type and convex-type can be applied for small size displays and medium size displays by different use, and the concave-type is better than convex-type for large size displays. Meanwhile, the limitation factors of the concave-type and convex-type are studied in this thesis. The purpose of this thesis is to provide a reference for designing the parameters of curved auto-stereoscopic displays in the future.
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LIN, WEI-CHIEH, and 林暐杰. "Effects of Display Curvature and Barrier Thickness on the Viewing Zones of Barrier-Type Autostereoscopic Displays." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/4nrps3.
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碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>光電工程學研究所<br>105<br>The way to display image has been advanced from 2D to 3D, and with the hardware advancement, the stereoscopic technology becomes more and more advanced. One of the amazing stereoscopic displays is auto-stereoscopic display, the advantage of this kind of display is that observers do not need to wear glasses, thus the auto-stereoscopic display definitely will be the progress main stream of 3D display, and furthermore the auto-stereoscopic display will be the key technology of 3D display popularization.
In a multiplexed 2D autostereoscopic display, image information from separate views is interlaced across the display panel. In the case of this paper, a two-view display is considered, with the view designated to the left eye as View 2, and View 1 for the right eye. The image information are then separated by a periodic binary barrier, providing the left and right eye with a different view respectively, and a viewer within the viewing-zone (VZ) will perceive the stereoscopic image.
The viewing-zone is an important topic in autostereoscopic display. In this paper, we propose a method, based on optical theories and simulations to determine the main and side lobes, and using geometrical relationships to calculate the number and position of the lobes. Furthermore, we investigate the influence of the actual physical barrier thickness, on the viewing-zone. In general, the curved type displays delivers a better sense of visual i mmersion, and fits more closely with the visual experience of human sight, allowing for a better and more comfortable viewing experience. Building on previous studies on the subject , this paper further studies the impact on the viewing-zone with changing the radius of curvature. This paper uses the geometric approach to model the viewing-zones of a curved barrier-type autostereoscopic display, and to explore the influence of the changes in the radius of curvature of the display panel, on the area of the main and side viewing-zones. From the result of the simulations, the viewing-zone further out to the sides are affected more severely by the changes in the display curvature, some vanishing completely.
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Huang, Yu-Hsiang, and 黃昱翔. "Fast Warping-Based Novel View Synthesis from Binocular Image/Video for Autostereoscopic Displays." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/71634964102320777384.
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碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>資訊工程學研究所<br>100<br>This thesis presents a warping-based novel view synthesis framework for both binocular stereoscopic images and videos. Autostereoscopic displays require multiple views while most stereoscopic cameras can only capture two. Popular novel view synthesis methods, such as depth image based rendering (DIBR), often heavily rely on accurate depth maps, which are still difficult to obtain. The proposed framework requires neither depth maps nor user intervention. To synthesize multi-view images, it first extracts dense and reliable features. Next, feature correspondences guide image warping to synthesize novel views while simultaneously maintaining stereoscopic properties and preserving image structures. Based on the same framework, a modified method for binocular videos are proposed to better maintaining temporal coherence and accelerating the processing speed. Compared to DIBR, the proposed framework produces higher-quality multi-view images and videos more efficiently without tedious parameter tuning. The method can be used to convert stereoscopic images and videos taken by binocular cameras into multi-view images and videos ready to be displayed on autostereoscopic displays.
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Deng, Qing-Long, and 鄧清龍. "Laser autostereoscopic display." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/21383139649157509384.
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博士<br>國立交通大學<br>光電系統博士學位學程<br>102<br>This dissertation aims to explore the application of autostereoscopy based on laser backlight.
In order to break through traditional spectroscopy for 3D images, blazed grating and holographic optical element in diffraction optics are first utilized in this dissertation for autostereoscopy technology. Aiming at the production of blazed grating, Lithographie GalVanoformung Abformung and inductively coupled plasma-reactive-ion etching are applied to produce four-order blazed grating structure, and highly transparent material, polydimethylsiloxane, is selected to mold the symmetric four-order blazed grating films. Besides, the above processing techniques are combined with scanning immersion lithography to successfully print the structure onto quartz for etching. It breaks through the technique of etching diffraction optical elements on a transparent substrate. Worthy mentioning, the surface roughness could be less than 30 nm. What is more, applying blazed grating to laser displays could also be used as the film for color division. Such an innovative idea would remove color filtering for LCD. Nonetheless, holographic optical elements use high-stability polymer-dispersed-liquid-crystals as the holographic materials and utilize monochorma for establishing the amplitude grating conforming to the primary colors in order to complete the holographic optical element of 3D images. Such a non-relief holographic optical element also creates a different opportunity for the application to autostereoscopic displays with laser backlight.
Another application to autostereoscopic displays with laser backlight, computer-generated holography, is further proposed in this dissertation. With modified Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm (MGSA) to record the phase only function of parallax 3D images, the 3D image pair with left and right angles of view could be acquired after decoding. To further highlight the value of such a technique, it is applied to vision training. In comparison with traditional 2D training cards, computer-generated holographic images with high contrast, high definition, and changeable disparity could enhance the training effects and even affect the independent left and right images to completely avoid crosstalk. On the other hand, integral images have been a part of autostereoscopy. My research also attempts to replace integral photography with CGH, removing the complicated shooting steps for traditional integral images and breaking through the technological difficulty in current integral images.
Finally, the essence of using laser as the backlight is re-explored to understand that speckles are still a major obstruction for laser displays. For this reason, both rotation diffusers and vibrated light pipes are proposed, in addition to the mechanism for effectively reducing speckle noise, and successfully verified in this dissertation.
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Kuo, Ming-Huang, and 郭名晃. "Autostereoscopic 3D Display With Proximity Projector Array." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/72562387763646847923.
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碩士<br>國立清華大學<br>光電科技產業研發碩士專班<br>95<br>Three dimensional display is the major effort toward natural vision in the development of display technology. Current 3D display suffers from the issues of low resolution and narrow viewing angle due to the availability of high performance key components, which results in low acceptability of 3D displays in the consumer market. In this research, a novel concept of constructing high resolution and wide viewing angle autostereoscopic 3D display by using proximity projector array has been proposed for solving the issue with currently available technology. A pixel size down to a few tens micro can be achieved by projecting microdisplay with low magnification ratio, and a large screen can be made by tiling up an array of such projected screen. Accompanying with slant lenticular array, it becomes possible to make a high resolution and wide viewing angle 3D displays. The major work of the research are the design and evaluation on the proximity projection optics, and optimization of slant lenticular array. In this research, the single proximity projection optics has been designed with the MTF value up to 32% at the spatial frequency of 64lp/mm and the greatest distortion value smaller than 0.1% which value is in between half to one pixel size. Besides to polarization beam splitter, all the lens are made of plastic optics materials, such as PC and COC, and therefore it can be potentially fabricated with low cost.
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Liu, Tsu-Chun, and 劉姿君. "Autostereoscopic Display Applications for an E-Book Designing." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/21789383367098859182.
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碩士<br>國立臺北教育大學<br>玩具與遊戲設計研究所<br>95<br>By the development of technologies, books are not only in paper form but also appeared in a software form in the computer, which called an e-book. An e-book usually is enriched with voices and interactive images or videos. Researchers adopt 3-D technology in the education, entertainment, art, marketing, and medical science applications in the recent years and there is a tendency to display images or videos by 3-D technology.
This study proposes a technique which combines e-book with the Autostereoscopic Display technology to observe 3-D images in the monitor without wearing glasses. In order to increase interactivity for the human-machine interface of the e-book, the video capture equipment is adopted. The users just wave hands in front of the video capture equipment and pages of the e-book then flipped. An novel style of the e-book is proposed.
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Wang, Hsin-Fu, and 王新富. "The Study of Visual Comfort with Autostereoscopic Display." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/51956596114816634718.
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碩士<br>國立臺灣科技大學<br>色彩與照明科技研究所<br>103<br>Stereoscopic display is becoming a popular product in the future. Unfortunately, its development is subjected to certain factors such as lack of 3D programs, uncomfortable watch feeling and inconvenient wearing glasses. User friendly and visual comfort will be the main goals for improving 3D images. Based on these facts, the autostereoscopic technologies have been developed and integrated widely into 3D monitor application at present.
Most of 3D technologies were only applied in the cinema in the past. But with the advanced 3D technologies, stereoscopic display has been walking into general families. When the viewing environment changed, the ambient illuminance becomes as an important factor in watching 3D display. In addition, image scaling is one of the main functions on 2D image operation. Users may zoom in or zoom out the images on the screen conveniently when using mobile phone. However, this kind of control is not considered in the 3D image yet. So, the scaling of 3D image is also an important issue in the stereoscopic display field.
The aim of this study investigated the ranges of parallax among ambient illuminance (AI), image scaling (IS), different image contents (IC) and the relationship between relative moving position of the minor object (DMM) and visual comfort threshold. In this study, we explore the visual comfort through the visual comfort zone. The evaluation of the questionnaire gave us more information about the personal visual comfort zone. The results showed that the AI and IC will affect the 3D visual comfort, which provide the factors needed to be considered on the production of 3D programs in the future.
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Lin, Wei-Kai, and 林惟凱. "3D High-Brightness Autostereoscopic Display Systems with LED Backlight." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/07537552131445777001.
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碩士<br>國立彰化師範大學<br>機電工程學系<br>100<br>The purpose of this thesis is to discuss the technical problems of LCD, especially 3D. The research direction focuses on 3D display effects and improved visual effects.
This thesis mainly uses Glass Parallax Barrier to go with 3D digital photo frame made by LCM (LCD Module). The brightness of LCM will decrease 50%, due to the Parallax Barrier method. Therefore, this thesis will have the further discussion on backlight improvement.
Besides the improvement of 3D display brightness issue, this thesis also mentions the applications of LED backlight and DBEF to diminish consumed power and enhance the backlight brightness.
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Silva, Emanuel Teixeira. "Evaluation of depth perception in an autostereoscopic 3D display." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/59384.
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Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Psicologia<br>Autostereoscopic displays are a recent technology which allows the visualization of 3D content without additional equipment. Using such a display, the just noticeable difference (JND) in depth perception between two stimuli was assessed. Eleven participants were asked whether a comparison square was in front or behind an anchor square at the screen level. The effects of anchor location, orientation of the stimuli, and chromostereopsis – the effect of color on depth perception – were studied. For each participant, the JND, the point of subjective equality (PSE), and visual fatigue were measured. Results showed that a disparity of 2.21 and 5.92 pixels was necessary for depth perception with 75% and 95% reliability, respectively, and the PSE was close to 0 pixels. Furthermore, there were no significant differences on the PSE or JND between blue and red anchors. Significant differences were found (a) on the JND between red and yellow anchors, (b) on the PSE between the horizontally- and vertically-aligned squares, and (c) on visual fatigue before and after using the display. Concerning design guidelines for eventual application, a disparity of 4 or 6 pixels is recommended to transmit a depth difference between two items in this display.<br>Os displays autoestereoscópicos são uma tecnologia recente que permite visualizar conteúdo 3D sem equipamento adicional. Usando um destes displays, avaliou-se a diferença mínima percetível (JND) entre dois estímulos. Onze participantes foram questionados se um quadrado de comparação estava à frente ou atrás de um quadrado âncora ao nível do ecrã. Os efeitos da localização da âncora, orientação dos estímulos, e cromoestereoscopia – o efeito da cor na perceção de profundidade – foram estudados. Para cada participante, mediu-se o JND, o ponto de igualdade subjetiva (PSE), e a fadiga visual. Os resultados demonstram que uma disparidade de 2.21 e 5.92 pixéis foi necessária para perceções de profundidade com 75% e 95% de precisão, respetivamente, e que o PSE estava próximo de 0 pixéis. Adicionalmente, não foram encontradas diferenças significativas nem no PSE nem na JND entre a âncora azul e a vermelha. Diferenças significativas foram encontradas (a) na JND entre uma âncora vermelha e amarela, (b) no PSE entre quadrados alinhados horizontal e verticalmente, e (c) na fadiga visual antes e depois de utilizar o display. Quanto a recomendações de desenho para eventuais aplicações, recomenda-se uma disparidade de 4 ou 6 pixéis para transmitir uma diferença de profundidade entre dois itens neste display.
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Raimundo, Guilherme Nuno Henriques de Oliveira Brochado. "Autostereoscopic Head-Up Display: picture generating unit’s performance increase." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/60414.
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Dissertação de mestrado em Engenharia Eletrónica Industrial e Computadores<br>Nowadays three-dimensional (3D) displays are starting to be used in many areas such as: cinema, Head-Up Displays (HUD) for automotive and avionics industry, advertising, video-game industry and many other areas. This master’s dissertation will be focused in an Augmented Reality (AR) HUD for automotive industry in partnership with Bosch Car Multimedia (CM) Portugal [1], with the objective of improving the Picture Generation Unit (PGU) performance off the AR-HUD prototype. At the end, the AR-HUD should be capable to allow the driver to observe 3D objects projected in a car windshield with several depths distances with a rendering time above 60 milliseconds (ms) or 16.7 frames per second (FPS). Based on the above goals, it is necessary to study binocular vison [2] in order to understand how human being perceives 3D vision and to know the several optical parameters associated with it, such as: the Interocular distance, Convergence, Binocular Disparity, Accommodation and others. These parameters will be needed to produce a correct stereo image, which is composed by two images, one corresponding to the view of the right eye and the other corresponding to the view of the left eye.
To perceive 3D object in real world, which defines augmented reality, without the use of a special glasses or the need to wear other devices, which defines an Autostereoscopic (AS) Displays that are capable to make such job. Many types of technologies for these displays were developed with different optical goals, such as: Parallax Barrier, Lenticular Lenses or Light Field displays [3]. For this project it was required from Bosch the use of a Lenticular Lenses Display. With the use of an array of a lenticular lens on top of a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) it is possible to “send” a set of pixels columns for each eye separately, displayed in flat LCD based on the light refraction [4]. To produce the right Pixel Assignment Matrix (PAM), which has the responsibility to guide the stereo image generation to be showed in the 3D Display, several parameters must be in count, which are required by the lenticular lenses configuration, such as: the number of Lens Per Inch (LPI), the lens’s slanted angle, viewing distance, Field Of View (FOV) and others.
The PGU receives. as an input, the lenticular lens’s parameters, the optical parameters previously mentioned and the chosen scene, generating a 3D image, which was executed by the Central Unit Processing (CPU), which generates a huge rendering time, around 1.3 seconds which is less than 1 frame per second. The solution, to reduce this rendering time, will pass to migrate the processing from CPU to the Graphical Processing Unit (GPU), which is present in the graphics card. This solution also requires a pre-processing of the PAM which will releases a lot of processing during the executing of the pixel assignment on sub-pixel level. To implement this solution on sub-pixel level, through the GPU programming, it will be use OpenGL libraries [5] and Python [6] 2.7 as programming language. For the rendering process of the stereo image, it will be applied the rasterization method. The lenticular lenses can be used to provide two-view (one point of view) or multi-view (several points of views). For these AR-HUD, it be used for two-view, with an eye-tracking system as future feature system, which will allow the inclination and the adjustment of the 3D display, based on the location of the driver’s eyes.<br>Hoje em dia, displays tridimensionais estão a começar a ser usados em várias áreas como: o cinema, Head-UP Displays para a indústria automóvel e de aviação, publicidade, indústria de videojogos e muitas outras áreas. Esta dissertação de mestrado vai focar-se num HUD de Realidade Aumentada para a indústria automóvel em parceria com a Bosch Car Multimédia Portugal [1], com o objetivo de melhorar a performance do Picture Generation Unit do protótipo AR-HUD. No fim, o AR-HUD deverá ser capaz de permitir ao condutor observar objetos 3D, projetados no para-brisa do carro, com vários valores de profundidades e com um tempo de renderização abaixo de 60 milissegundos ou 16.7 frames por segundo. Tendo como base os objetivos acima referidos, é necessário estudar a visão binocular [2] com o objetivo de perceber como o ser humano obtém a visão 3D, e conhecer os vários parâmetros óticos associados, como: Distância Interocular, Convergência, Acomodação e outros. Estes parâmetros vão ser necessários para produzir uma correta imagem estéreo, que é composta por duas imagens, uma correspondente à visão do olho direito e a outra correspondente à visão do olho esquerdo.
Para visualizar objetos 3D no mundo real, definindo-se pela realidade aumentada sem a utilização de óculos especiais ou a necessidade de vestir outros dispositivos, o que define Displays Autoestereoscópico, que são capazes de realizar essa tarefa. Várias vertentes desta tecnologia de displays foram desenvolvidos para diferentes objetivos óticos, como: a barreira de paralaxe, lentes lenticulares ou displays de campo de luz [3]. Para este projeto foi requerido pela Bosch o uso de displays de lentes lenticulares. Com o uso de um array de lentes lenticulares em cima de um display de cristal líquido, é possível “enviar” um conjunto de colunas de pixéis para cada olho separadamente, amostrado num LCD plano, baseado na refração da luz [4]. Para produzir a adequada Matriz de Atribuição de Pixéis, que tem a responsabilidade de orientar a geração da imagem estéreo para ser apresentado no display 3D, vários parâmetros têm que ser considerados, que são necessários para a configuração das lentes lenticulares, como: o número de Lentes Por Polegada, o Angulo da inclinação das lentes, a distância de observação, Campo de Visão e outros.
O PGU recebe como entrada os parâmetros associados com as lentes lenticulares, os parâmetros óticos anteriormente mencionados e a cena escolhida, gerando a imagem 3D, que foi executada pela Unidade de Processamento Central, que por sua vez, gera um enorme tempo de renderização, à volta de 1.3 segundos, que é menos que 1 FPS. A solução, para reduzir o tempo de renderização, vai incidir na migração do processamento do CPU para a Unidade de Processamento Gráfico, que está presente na placa gráfica. Esta solução também necessita de um pré processamento da PAM, que vai libertar uma grande quantidade de processamento durante a execução da atribuição de pixels, ao nível do sub-pixel. Para implementar esta solução ao nível do sub-pixel, através da programação da GPU, vai ser usada a libraria OpenGL [5] e Python [6] 2.7 como linguagem de programação. Para a processo de renderização da imagem estéreo, foi usado o método de rasterização.
As lentes lenticulares podem ser usadas para fornecer duas vistas (um ponto de visão) ou várias vistas (vários pontos de visão). Para este AR-HUD, vai ser usado um ponto de visão, com um Sistema de rastreamento do olho como futura característica, que vai permitir a inclinação e ajuste to display 3D, baseado na localização do olho do condutor.
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Siao, Jhih-Kai, and 蕭至凱. "A Pulfrich Type of Autostereoscopic Display with Micro Prism Sheet." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/3xy58c.
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碩士<br>國立雲林科技大學<br>電子與光電工程研究所碩士班<br>101<br>An innovative autostereoscopic display, in which a micro-prism sheet is placed on the upper layer of the liquid crystal panel, is proposed to implement the Pulfrich autostereoscopic display. A 2.4” TFT panel is selected as the experimental parameter of the substrate panel. After the preliminary design, LightTools is utilized for ray tracing, and the designed micro-prism sheet is placed on the upper layer of the liquid crystal panel for the shading visual analysis. The experimental results show that the binocular image contrast between the bright image and the dark image on the Pulfrich autostereoscopic display achieves 1.17, allowing the viewer perceiving the stereoscopic perception, and the visual lag lasts for 9ms. Furthermore, The Pulfrich autostereoscopic display, in comparison with traditional autostereoscopic displays, presents the advantages of stereoscopic perception on plane images, high image resolution, and the optical element without counterpoint, crosstalk, and stereoscopic pairs to cause discomfort and fatigue.
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Chen, I.-Ju, and 陳怡如. "Active Acousto-Optic Lens for 2D/3D Switchable Autostereoscopic Display System." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/90242410314042815839.
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博士<br>國立臺灣科技大學<br>電子工程系<br>104<br>A novel real-time 2D/3D switchable autostereoscopic display system using an acousto-optic lens (AOL) is proposed. The AOL can replace the convectional lenticular lens and can function according to the Acousto-optic effect. A periodic change of refractive index occurs inside the AOL crystal due to the interaction between standing acoustic wave and acousto-optic material inside the crystal and hence creates a lens or lens array with the focal length and/or the pitch of the lenses that are adjustable through the tuning of the external acoustic wave. The viewer can adjust the viewing distance appropriately according to the properties of the display and location. With the same property, the system can also be adjusted with an appropriate interpupillary distance (IPD) for personal entertainment applications. The proposed system with adjustable lens pitch, can adapt to different display panels with various resolutions and/or composited images. The operation principle of the system is analyzed with a set of design parameters and a set of simulation results to facilitate the implementation of the system and to verify the validity of the approach.
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陳申昌. "Simulation and Design of Multi-View-Angle Autostereoscopic Display with Lenticular Screen." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/63495643408018516809.
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碩士<br>中華大學<br>電機工程學系碩士班<br>90<br>Nowadays two-dimensional flat panel displaytechnologies have been well developed. The application of HDTV accelerates the improvement of the image quality and resolution of large screen flat panel displays. In addition to the continual progresses for flat panel display technologies, the other trend of technology development is for stereoscopic display. Although stereoscopic display technologieshave been studied for years, such displays are not popular and they are mainly used in laboratory or special application that is due to high cost and inconvenient usage.
Recently, the breaking-through progresses of the manufacturing technologies of integrated circuit and light emitting display make the development basis of stereoscopic display become more solid. This thesis studies the autostereoscopic display with lenticular lens screen which does not need special eyeglasses to view the stereoscopic image. Our studies mainly focus on 1: the conditions and design procedures for designing the stereoscopic display; 2. the development platform for previewing the stereoscopic effect of the designed display and the cross talk of the stereoscopic image due to neighboring view angles; 3. the application of stereoscopic moving image; 4. the optimal design of the screen.
The stereoscopic fusing of the images of different viewing angles is numerically simulated. The cross talk between the images is analyzed. From the result the display can be optimally designed. We found that, for 2.3-meter viewing distance and 2.5-millimeter pixel size, the maximum screen size and the best image quality display can be obtained with 14 light sources in a pixel for displaying different angle images, which corresponds to a 47” display of 4:3 aspect ratio. With the sequential process for motion images, stereoscopic video programs produced from ordinary 2D video programs are simulated and demonstrated for the designed stereoscopic display.
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LEW, YEAN NING, and 劉彥琳. "Optimization of Autostereoscopic Display on Smart Devices using Real Object Capture Scheme." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/3efu3s.
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碩士<br>明道大學<br>材料與能源工程學系碩士班<br>105<br>Three-dimensional (3D) display technologies have recently become mainstream in the imaging display industry. As of now, most 3D images are derived from illustrations composed using computer software, and not from real-life images. This inadvertently gives a diminished touch of realism.
This current study proposed an real object 3D images capture technique. An automatic control system was used to rotate the sample real object, alter the parallax angle, and control the camera to capture the parallax images. We have also proposed a new permutations method to improve the crosstalk caused by overlapping the parallax images. Based on Integral Imaging (II) using Pinhole Array (PA), 3D images were created. The display device used in this study is an Apple iPad 2. Taking into account the depth resolution of the image, it was viewed with both horizontal and vertical motion parallaxes in mind.
The findings obtained from this study are potentially of use for parties interested in utilising real-life photographs to create high-quality 3D images.
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Shen, To-Chiang, and 沈拓江. "Autostereoscopic 2D-3D Switching Display With Multi-Electrically Driven Cylindrical Liquid Crystal Lens." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/17899581574403581294.
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碩士<br>國立交通大學<br>光電工程系所<br>97<br>In order to get more natural 3D sensation from displays, many researchers and manufacturers were attracted to invest in the development of 3D display technology in recent years. These technologies make it possible for the users to obtain more immersive experience by adding the real depth to the visual content shown on the display. In the case of non-glasses lenticular lens sheets must be prepared. However, since most of display applications have majority in displaying 2D image content, the fixed optical elements used for the 3D modes cause the degradation of the displayed 2D image quality.
To overcome the degradation of 2D image quality under a given 3D displays, optical paths must be controlled by switching the optical elements to change 2D and 3D modes. In this thesis we designed an optical component that can switched between 2D and 3D images, and estimate the focusing capability to reduce the effect of crosstalk. So that can enhance the image quality of 3D images.
In the simulation results, an optimized structure was designed to fit the lens-like distribution. The lens-like distribution has vivid improved compared to that of conventional double electrode LC lens. In experiment, the lens-like distribution was achieved as well. The measurement result also indicates that our device is closer to the ideal lens-like distribution. And the numerical aperture (NA) of our device shows an improve by a factor of 1.66. Also the voltage requirement is much lower with same NA. In addition, due to a smaller beam size of proposed design the crosstalk of our device is lower than that of the conventional double electrode LC lens about 43%. In conclusion, the 3D displays with proposed method not only smaller beam size and lower crosstalk, but lower operation voltage.
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Chen, Po-Chuan, and 陳博詮. "Dual Directional Overdriving Method for Fast Response LC-lenses on Autostereoscopic 3D Display." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/41815384243807032558.
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碩士<br>國立交通大學<br>光電工程學系<br>99<br>Recently, many researchers invest in developing 3D display technology to produce more natural images from displays. Since most of display applications use the fixed optical components to display 3D images, the 2D images cannot be provided by the same displays. Thus, a 2D/3D switchable display is needed.
To improve the fixed optical devices, liquid crystal lens has been used to overcome this issue widely. But there is an issue of liquid crystal lens. In order to get enough phase retardation, the liquid crystal needed to be bulk which results in long response time. Although the response time can be reduced by using overdriving method as focusing, the liquid crystal molecules recover to initial state slowly by turning off the power. Therefore, the time from 3D to 2D mode is long. In this thesis, we designed an optical component which was driven by low operating voltage and can switch between 2D and 3D modes within a fast rate. In order to get the electric field which is desired, we design the electrode arrangement and use FPGA as a controller. The purpose of these works is to re-orientate the liquid crystal molecules which result in switching between lens on state and lens off state. The total response time can be improved about 75% (from 10s to 2.6s). The advantage of the dual direction overdriving method is that the response time can be reduced even though the cell gap is thick. This makes the LC lens become more potential for applying in 3D display such as fast 2D/3D switching and scanning type 3D images.
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Hsu, Chiao-Wei, and 許喬為. "An Autostereoscopic Display Structure Based on Blazed Grating and Liquid Crystal Optical Elements." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/90469805276976373790.
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碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>光電工程學研究所<br>104<br>In the recent years, autostereoscopic （AS3D） display has grown increasingly common, in both private settings such as homes, and public settings such as shops and store fronts. However, in the two main types of AS3D systems, namely the parallax barrier method and lenticular method, major undesirable defects exist such as lack of power efficiency for the barrier method, and image crosstalk and heavy weight for the lenticular method. In 2010, Chen et al. proposed an alternative method to achieve AS3D using diffractive optical elements （DOEs）. A blazed grating is adhered directly to the screen surface as the AS3D image splitter, to avoid the efficiency loss posed by the barrier method and strongly decrease the weight, providing a lot of potential on mobile autostereoscopic technology. However, the use of grating introduced chromatic aberration into the system, as the diffracted ray angle is wavelength dependent. Further developments by Chen resulted in a complex panel of blazed grating of three different pitch periods, for the purpose of correcting the chromatic aberration. Besides, there is not much research on the viewing zone of this new structure.
Instead of following behind Chen''s footstep in increasing the grating complexity, this paper proposes a new AS3D system structure based on a blazed grating of a single period, with the addition of a liquid crystal （LC） refractive element to correct the chromatic aberration. This research simulatedly shows the result of no chromatic aberration and the efficiency as high as 76.4% with the 4-level blazed grating based on a linewidth of 2 μm of a well-known mass production, roll-to-roll nanoimprint lithography (R2RNIL). Furthermore, since the refractive index of the LC can be varied with applied external electric field, the new structure proposed also provides a potential solution to AS3D displays with controllable optimal viewing distance. A viewing distance ranging from 38 cm to 84 cm was achieved by the simulation in iPad Retina Display as our reference model. Finally with the design of the adhered diffuser for the purpose of widening the viewing zone, the viewing zone of the crosstalk below 0.1 was shown successfully and a design rule was deducted.
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Lai, Jhih-Yong, and 賴致雍. "Cylindrical-barrier-type Multi-view Autostereoscopic 3D Display with Novel View-pixel Arrangement." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/86364974592763553734.
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碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>光電工程學研究所<br>105<br>Human beings always pursuit the better image quality in display technology, hope that the image on the display can be the same as we seen in natural environment. Due to the parallax barrier technique can be combined with the curved screen theoretically, this thesis proposes “cylindrical barrier-type autostereoscopic 3D display.” In this design, viewer can see the 3D image from all direction surrounded the display. Thus, this display provides realer 3D image in the inner space of the screen.
Previous researches apply the design rules of parallax barrier in the flat display on the curved case. However, the viewing zones in this design are limited in area. Furthermore, the curvature of cylindrical display is usually lower than common curved screen. For this reason, this thesis proposes the new design rules specially for parallax barrier in cylindrical display, which provide best viewing zone area size. When several convex displays can connect and form a cylindrical display, it will cause position shift and area shrink in viewing zones. Thus, in this research, we provide a new subpixel arrangement with rotational symmetry, and the simulation result shows the viewing zones also distribute with rotational symmetry.
In this research, a new calculation method for luminance of subpixels is provided, and it dramatically reduce the simulation time. Benefit by this method, parameters in our system can be investigate completely, including the thickness of parallax barrier, the refraction index of screen glass, the optimal viewing distance and the radius of screen. In each of the parameter settings, we optimize the aperture ratios of subpixel and parallax barrier. Consequently, the viewing zones with larger area than the previous research are obtained.
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Wei-LunChiou and 邱偉倫. "Study of optimized characteristics of lens array with optical simulation for autostereoscopic display applications." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/76508636426674168221.
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碩士<br>國立成功大學<br>光電科學與工程研究所<br>98<br>In this thesis, we mainly study the autostereoscopic characteristics in integral photography system by means of computer simulation and experiments. Elemental images of objects are generated with a commercial lens array and caught with a CCD camera for experiments. We also build up a program with Matlab software to simulate and interpret the optical phenomena in integral photography including viewing angle limitations and viewing depth effects. From our results, it shows that simulation and experiments are compatible. For wider viewing angle of integral photography, the characteristics of lens array with smaller f-number are needed.
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Hsiao, Ya-Tzu, and 蕭雅滋. "Polarized light in 2D/3D Switchable Autostereoscopic Display System Using Active Acousto-Optic Lens." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/3zbq68.
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碩士<br>國立臺灣科技大學<br>電子工程系<br>104<br>In this paper, we propose the performance of a 2D/3D Switchable Autostereoscopic Display System with an input light source with different kind of polarizations. An acousto-optic lens with an implicit expression of its optical transfer function is employed in the 2D/3D Switchable Autostereoscopic Display System. Various performance results, the light intensity pattern, the crosstalk ratio and the IPD range are studied for light of different polarization. It is proved that using an acousto-optic lens, we can change its focal length in real time, have more flexibility in viewing distance, and also have comfortable three-dimensional perception.
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Chuang, Shang-Chih, and 莊尚智. "Design and Fabrication of High Efficiency LC Panel for High Resolution Wide-view Autostereoscopic 3D Display." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/69403345120265576499.
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碩士<br>國立清華大學<br>動力機械工程學系<br>96<br>Human see this world stereoscopically, we are trying to reproduce the visual experiences from what we see from the real world. Basic principles of most 3D displays technologies were discovered a hundred years ago, but the 3D displays have not yet been put into mass production due to several problems, such as the low 3D resolution, complicated mechanism, and inconvenience of wearing glasses, etc. Nowadays many researchers are getting interested in 3D displays again because the performance of flat panel display, especially liquid crystal display (LCD) has been largely improved. This mature display technology accompanying with the new-development method can overcome the problem of the previous 3D technology.
This research proposes a solution for high efficiency high resolution liquid crystal (LC) panel for autostereoscopic 3D display with wide-view and high 3D resolution. The slanted barrier is applied on a LC panel for sharing the resolution reduction in both horizontal and vertical direction. In order to reach a high resolution with high efficiency, a new design of the LC pixel layout is necessary. The pixel design is based on the slanted barrier. The LC pixel with high directional emission profile can not only improve efficiency but also eliminate some deficiencies that affect the image quality in conventional parallax barrier design. By applying the slanted barrier and the pixel layout, we can overcome the issue of low resolution and serious resolution reduction in horizontal direction on conventional straight barrier design and have a LC panel which is more suitable for the application of high light efficiency parallax barrier type 3D display.
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Chen, Yu-Fan, and 陳玉凡. "A Muller Matrix System Representation of a 2D/3D Switchable Autostereoscopic Display using Active Acousto-Optic Lens." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/axu79f.
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碩士<br>國立臺灣科技大學<br>電子工程系<br>106<br>A 2D/3D switchable autostereoscopic display system which is constructed and investigated by the operation condition that the input light beam is Gaussian and polarized. With various polarization of light beam, a set of Mueller Matrixes are derived to represent the 2D/3D switchable autostereoscopic display system in a system representation. For difference acousto-optic interaction, different Mueller Matrixes are found for the isotropic and anisotropic acousto-optic interaction. Simulation results are provided to check the validity of the approach and show the feasibility of this approach.