Zeitschriftenartikel: „Autoradiographie alpha“

1

Shriwastwa, B. B., B. Raghunath und J. K. Ghosh. „Selective alpha autoradiography for monitoring thorium distribution in UO2-ThO2 fuel pellets / Selektive Alpha-Autoradiographie zur Bestimmung der Verteilung von Thorium in UO2-ThO2-Brennstofftabletten.“ Kerntechnik 57, Nr. 5 (01.05.1992): 283–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/kern-1992-570506.

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Takekawa, Shoichi, Yoshihiko Ueda, Yoshihiko Ueda, Yoshihiro Hiramatsu, Hirotsugu Munechika und Fumio Shishido. „Imaging of Beta-Rays from Tissue Blocks with Thorotrast Deposition by Autoradiography using Fuji Computed Radiography“. Jurnal Radiologi Indonesia 1, Nr. 2 (01.09.2015): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.33748/jradidn.v1i2.7.

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Background: Autoradiography of tissue with radioactive substance such as Thorotrast by Fuji Computed Radiography (FCR) has been available. We obtained autoradiographs from Thorotrast-deposited tissue by FCR. However, the nature of radiation from tissue with Thorotrast was not certain, because alpha particles are shielded by the plastic front of the FCR cassette. Therefore, we undertook investigation to clearly explain the nature of radiation from Thorotrast in case of autoradiography.Materials and Methods: Tissue blocks of liver and spleen with Thorotrast deposition were imaged by autoradiography using FCR, and radioactivity of tissue blocks was measured by a GM survey meter. Measurement was carried out by both with and without an aluminum plate between the tissue and the surface of GM survey meter to shield beta-rays.Results: Autoradiographs of the liver and spleen with Thorotrast were successful. It took only one day to obtain autoradiograph of the spleen, and 14 days for the liver. The radioactivity count decreased dramatically when an aluminum plate was inserted between the specimen and GM survey meter, but some radiation remained. The tissue blocks were contained in a plastic bag and the front of the Cassette of Imaging Plate is covered by a thin plastic board, so alpha-rays from Thorium dioxide in Thorotrast had been shielded from the beginning.Conclusion: We concluded that the radiation from the tissue blocks with Thorotrast in a plastic bag was mostly from beta-rays and less than 5% of radiation was from gamma-rays from the daughter nuclei of Thorium dioxide.

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Carpentier, J. L., D. Brown, B. Iacopetta und L. Orci. „Detection of surface-bound ligands by freeze-fracture autoradiography.“ Journal of Cell Biology 101, Nr. 3 (01.09.1985): 887–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.101.3.887.

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This article describes a new freeze-fracture autoradiographic technique for the detection of radioactive ligands associated with the surface of cells in monolayer or suspension culture. Since freeze-fracture replicas are produced in the conventional way, all membrane features normally seen in freeze-fracture are retained, and autoradiographic grains produced by the labeled ligands are seen superimposed on unaltered exoplasmic membrane fracture faces. To assess the feasibility and resolution of this technique, we compared the surface distribution of alpha 2-macroglobulin and cholera toxin, labeled either with 125I or with colloidal gold, on 3T3-L1 fibroblasts. Both by autoradiography and cytochemical gold labeling, alpha 2-macroglobulin was associated specifically with coated pits, whereas cholera toxin was preferentially found over smaller, apparently non-coated membrane invaginations. Together with data on the surface localization of 125I-transferrin on HL-60 myelomonocytic cells, these results demonstrate the application of this technique for the accurate determination of ligand distribution over large areas of plasma membrane. The simplicity and reproducibility of the method should now allow freeze-fracture autoradiography to become a standard technique for investigating the distribution of both endogenous and exogenous cell surface-associated molecules, as well as the redistribution of such molecules under different experimental conditions.

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Dvorak, A. M., R. A. Monahan-Earley, H. F. Dvorak und S. J. Galli. „Ultrastructural cytochemical and autoradiographic demonstration of nonspecific esterase(s) in guinea pig basophils.“ Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 35, Nr. 3 (März 1987): 351–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/35.3.3819377.

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We used ultrastructural autoradiographic and cytochemical methods to localize esterase activities in unstimulated guinea pig basophils and in basophils undergoing degranulation or recovery from degranulation. We used tritium-labeled diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP) as a probe for serine enzymes and localized this probe by ultrastructural autoradiography to cytoplasmic granules of immature or mature unstimulated basophils, as well as to granules released by degranulating basophils. Ultrastructural cytochemistry using alpha naphthyl acetate (ANA) as substrate localized nonspecific esterase activity to extruded granules, either within the interiors of degranulation sacs or within granules completely separated from degranulating basophils. Extruded granules retained their esterase activity for as long as 24 hr after antigen-induced degranulation. The plasma membranes of unstimulated or degranulating basophils, as well as of basophils recovering from degranulation, displayed prominent cell surface ANA esterase ectoenzyme activity. Lipid bodies, organelles present in the cytoplasm of both control and recovering basophils, were also alpha naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE)-positive. Thus, cytochemical and autoradiographic techniques localized esterase and/or [3H]-DFP-binding activities to cytoplasmic granules, lipid bodies, and cell surface of basophils, and these enzyme activities persisted during both degranulation and recovery from degranulation.

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Maltier, J. P., I. Petit und C. Legrand. „Autoradiographic visualization of alpha 1-adrenergic receptors in cervix of early pregnant rat.“ Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 37, Nr. 5 (Mai 1989): 703–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/37.5.2539410.

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alpha 1-Adrenergic receptors were identified, characterized, and localized in rat cervix on Day 6 of pregnancy by autoradiography. Autoradiographic study was performed in slide-mounted rat cervix sections using [3H]-prazosin ([3H]-PRAZ) as ligand. Binding was time dependent and specific. Pharmacological study indicated that specific [3H]-PRAZ binding was inhibited with high affinity by prazosin and phenylephrine and low affinity by yohimbine and clonidine. In cervix, the alpha 1-adrenergic receptors were localized mainly to the inner circular layer of the myometrium. Binding to the outer longitudinal layer of myometrium was moderate, and binding was absent in the endometrium. The regional distribution of alpha 1-adrenergic receptors strongly suggests that the circular layer of myometrium may function as an important modulator of contractile response of the cervix, probably involved in the retention of blastocysts at the utero-cervical end of the horn.

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Walters, M. J., T. J. Brown, R. B. Hochberg und N. J. MacLusky. „In vitro autoradiographic visualization of occupied estrogen receptors in the rat brain with an iodinated estrogen ligand.“ Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 41, Nr. 9 (September 1993): 1279–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/41.9.8354873.

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Methods have been developed for the selective measurement of occupied estrogen receptors (ER) in brain tissue sections. Cryostat sections of unfixed tissue were incubated with radiolabeled estrogen at physiological temperatures, displacing endogenous receptor-bound estrogen by radioligand and thereby allowing the receptor complexes to be visualized autoradiographically after washing to remove nonspecifically bound steroid. The resultant autoradiographs were analyzed by computer-assisted densitometry. Synthetic 11 beta-methoxy-substituted radiolabeled estrogens gave the best autoradiographic images, as a result of reduced nonspecific labeling, although [3H]-estradiol was also used successfully. With the synthetic ER ligand 11 beta-methoxy 16 alpha-[125I]-iodo-estradiol, exposure times of less than 24 hr generated acceptable autoradiographs; with 3H-labeled estrogens, exposures of 3 months or more may be required. The method is sufficiently sensitive to detect physiological changes in ER occupation and to allow determination of receptor affinities and saturation binding capacities in discrete cell groups identified in sections from individual animals.

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Christensen, E. I., J. Gliemann und S. K. Moestrup. „Renal tubule gp330 is a calcium binding receptor for endocytic uptake of protein.“ Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 40, Nr. 10 (Oktober 1992): 1481–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/40.10.1382088.

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gp330, a large glycoprotein located in renal proximal tubules, has sequence similarities with the low-density lipoprotein receptor and the alpha 2-macroglobulin receptor/low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein. The 40 KD human alpha 2-macroglobulin receptor-associated protein is a newly discovered heparin binding protein homologous to a major rat Heymann nephritis factor and exhibiting high affinity binding to the alpha 2-macroglobulin receptor. The present study shows by ligand blotting, light and electron microscopic autoradiography, and cytochemistry that gp330 located in coated apical membrane regions of the rat proximal tubule strongly binds the 40 KD protein. Furthermore, 45Ca2+ blotting experiments disclosed gp330 as a quantitatively important Ca2+ binding protein in renal cortex. Binding of 125I-labeled 40 KD protein to electroblotted gp330 and to coated apical membrane regions in sections of renal proximal tubules was abolished by excess unlabeled 40 KD protein, heparin, and EDTA. The endocytic properties of gp330 were investigated by in vivo microperfusion of rat proximal tubules. After 6 min, 125I-labeled 40 KD protein was mainly found in endocytic vacuoles and later accumulated in lysosomes. These data demonstrate that gp330 is a Ca2+ binding receptor for endocytosis of protein and is functionally related to the alpha 2-macroglobulin receptor/low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein. Furthermore, our results demonstrate the usefulness of semi-thin and ultra-thin cryosections in studies of ligand binding and subcellular localization of receptors with autoradiographic techniques.

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Martin, W. H., T. K. Tolley und J. E. Saffitz. „Autoradiographic delineation of skeletal muscle alpha 1-adrenergic receptor distribution“. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 259, Nr. 5 (01.11.1990): H1402—H1408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1990.259.5.h1402.

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We used light microscopic autoradiography to quantify the distribution of alpha 1-adrenergic receptors in vessels and muscle fibers of slow-twitch (type I), fast-twitch (types IIa and IIb), and mixed fiber muscles of the rat hindquarter. Frozen cross sections of soleus, vastus lateralis, and gastrocnemius muscles were incubated under equilibrium binding conditions with 10-200 pM [3H]prazosin with or without 10(-5) M phentolamine. Because of the low concentration of bound radioligand, specific binding could not be detected with scintillation spectrometry in whole tissue sections scraped from slides. However, quantitative autoradiographic analysis after extended intervals of emulsion exposure revealed a low but significant level of specific binding in muscle fibers. No difference in alpha 1-receptor density was observed among types I, IIa, and IIb fibers. Small blood vessels had a much greater alpha 1-receptor density than muscle fibers. Resistance arterioles (20-100 microns diam) and small arteries (100-500 microns diam) contained 5.8 +/- 0.9 and 31.6 +/- 7.6 (+/- SE) times more binding sites per unit section area, respectively, than did surrounding muscle fibers (both P less than 0.001). Ratios of specific grain densities in fibers and blood vessels did not vary with radioligand concentration, indicating that observed grain densities reflected differences in receptor concentration rather than radioligand affinity by fiber and vessel receptors. The densities of vascular alpha 1-receptors did not vary in slow- and fast-twitch muscles, but resistance arterioles were six and eight times more numerous in soleus than in gastrocnemius and vastus muscles, respectively (both P less than 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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McCormack, D. G., J. C. Mak, M. O. Coupe und P. J. Barnes. „Calcitonin gene-related peptide vasodilation of human pulmonary vessels“. Journal of Applied Physiology 67, Nr. 3 (01.09.1989): 1265–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1989.67.3.1265.

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Human calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is localized to sensory neurons in pulmonary vessels and is a potent vasodilator. We have characterized the effects of CGRP in human pulmonary vessels and localized the receptors for this peptide by autoradiography. Fresh human lung tissue was obtained from eight patients undergoing surgery and small (200–400 microns ID) pulmonary arteries and veins were dissected free of surrounding connective and pulmonary tissue. Pairs of vessels were studied and in one of each pair the endothelium was left intact and from the other of each pair the endothelium was removed by gentle abrasion. For functional studies arteries (n = 9) and veins (n = 9) were suspended in an organ bath, precontracted with 1 microM prostaglandin F2 alpha. CGRP (10 pM to 10 microM) was added in a cumulative manner. CGRP caused a dose-dependent relaxation of endothelium intact human pulmonary arteries and veins with log EC50 values of -8.01 +/- 0.35 and -8.70 +/- 0.40, respectively (not significant). Removal of the endothelium did not diminish the vasodilator potency of CGRP in either vessel. For autoradiographic studies, cryostat sections of the small human pulmonary vessels with or without endothelium were used. 125I-CGRP densely labeled CGRP receptors on vascular smooth muscle and endothelial removal did not have any effect on grain density. We concluded that CGRP is a potent vasodilator of human pulmonary arteries and veins that is not dependent on an intact endothelium. These functional studies correlate with the distribution of CGRP receptors as localized by autoradiography.

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Stumpf, W. E., J. K. Morin, B. W. Ennis, J. E. Zielinski und R. B. Hochberg. „Utility of [16 alpha-125I] iodoestradiol for autoradiography for the study of cellular and regional distribution of receptors.“ Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 35, Nr. 1 (Januar 1987): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/35.1.3794310.

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We demonstrate the utility of [16 alpha-125I]iodoestradiol for thaw-mount autoradiography with 2 micron and 4 micron thick sections of rat and mouse uterus, pituitary, and brain after in vivo administration. Under the conditions of the experiments, short-term autoradiography with exposure times between 3 and 14 days provides optimal cellular resolution, whereas long-term autoradiography with 1-2 months of exposure may be used to obtain topographic-regional surveys of distribution.

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Brown, J., und A. Czarnecki. „Autoradiographic localization of atrial and brain natriuretic peptide receptors in rat brain“. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 258, Nr. 1 (01.01.1990): R57—R63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1990.258.1.r57.

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Displacement of bound 125I-labeled atrial natriuretic peptide-(1-28) [alpha 125I-ANP-(1-28)] by alpha-ANP-(5-28) and porcine brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) was used to map receptors common to these peptides in rat brain by in vitro autoradiography. alpha-125I-ANP bound reversibly to subfornical organ, area postrema, median preoptic, supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei, and arachnoid mater. Binding at these sites was displaced similarly by 1 microM unlabeled alpha-ANP, alpha-ANP-(5-28), and BNP. Binding dissociation constants in the subfornical organ and arachnoid were 4.40 +/- 1.15 and 3.99 +/- 0.86 nM, respectively, for alpha-ANP, and 2.41 +/- 1.11 and 2.23 +/- 1.06 nM, respectively, for BNP. alpha-125I-ANP also bound to choroid plexus. Here 1 microM unlabeled alpha-ANP displaced significantly more radioligand than did 1 microM BNP, and the concentration displacing 50% of bound radioligand was 2.23 +/- 0.78 nM for alpha-ANP and 1.51 +/- 0.67 nM for BNP. alpha-ANP-(5-28) also displaced alpha 125I-ANP at all sites with significantly greater affinity than did unlabeled alpha-ANP. alpha-125I-ANP was not displaced by completely unrelated peptides. Therefore, both atrial and brain natriuretic peptides may be high-affinity ligands at common receptors in some cerebral localities.

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Koseki, C., Y. Hayashi, S. Torikai, M. Furuya, N. Ohnuma und M. Imai. „Localization of binding sites for alpha-rat atrial natriuretic polypeptide in rat kidney“. American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 250, Nr. 2 (01.02.1986): F210—F216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1986.250.2.f210.

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To determine the intrarenal localization of receptors for atrial natriuretic polypeptide (ANP) in the rat, we performed autoradiography and binding assay by using 125I-labeled alpha-rat ANP (alpha-rANP). Autoradiography at the slice and microscopic level in the kidney and binding assay in isolated glomeruli demonstrated that receptors in the renal cortex were distributed mainly in glomeruli. Although dense silver grains were distributed diffusely both in inner medulla and outer stripe of outer medulla, a marked displacement of the grains was observed only in the inner medulla. Autoradiography at the microscopic level also showed that silver grains were distributed in the renal artery, renal pelvis, and inner medullary collecting tubule (IMCT) prepared by the microdissection method, but not in the arcuate artery, interlobular artery, and afferent or efferent arterioles. Specific binding was demonstrated in the isolated glomeruli and the preparation was rich in fragments of IMCT. Apparent binding affinity (Kd) and receptor density (R) for 125I-labeled alpha-rANP in isolated glomeruli and IMCT were Kd = 3.2 and 21 X 10(-9) M, and R = 320 and 420 fmol/mg protein, respectively. These observations suggest that alpha-rANP has a physiological action on glomeruli and possibly on the inner medullary collecting tubules in addition to the renal artery.

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AL Darwish, Ruqaya, Alexander Hugo Staudacher, Eva Bezak und Michael Paul Brown. „Autoradiography Imaging in Targeted Alpha Therapy with Timepix Detector“. Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/612580.

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There is a lack of data related to activity uptake and particle track distribution in targeted alpha therapy. These data are required to estimate the absorbed dose on a cellular level as alpha particles have a limited range and traverse only a few cells. Tracking of individual alpha particles is possible using the Timepix semiconductor radiation detector. We investigated the feasibility of imaging alpha particle emissions in tumour sections from mice treated with Thorium-227 (using APOMAB), with and without prior chemotherapy and Timepix detector. Additionally, the sensitivity of the Timepix detector to monitor variations in tumour uptake based on the necrotic tissue volume was also studied. Compartmental analysis model was used, based on the obtained imaging data, to assess the Th-227 uptake. Results show that alpha particle, photon, electron, and muon tracks were detected and resolved by Timepix detector. The current study demonstrated that individual alpha particle emissions, resulting from targeted alpha therapy, can be visualised and quantified using Timepix detector. Furthermore, the variations in the uptake based on the tumour necrotic volume have been observed with four times higher uptake for tumours pretreated with chemotherapy than for those without chemotherapy.

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Puszkin, EG, EA Mauss und MB Zucker. „Assembly and GPIIIa content of cytoskeletal core in platelets agglutinated with bovine von Willebrand factor“. Blood 76, Nr. 8 (15.10.1990): 1572–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v76.8.1572.1572.

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Abstract The association between occupancy of the von Willebrand factor (vWf) receptor glycoprotein (GP) Ib, agglutination, and the assembly and composition of the cytoskeletal core was studied in 125I-surface- labeled aspirin-treated washed platelets. Binding of ligands to GPIIb- IIIa and platelet aggregation were abolished by addition of EDTA. Platelet agglutination induced by bovine vWf generated a complete cytoskeletal core (Triton-insoluble residue), shown by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) to be composed of actin-binding protein (ABP) (260 Kd), 235-Kd protein, myosin heavy chain (200 Kd), alpha-actinin (100 Kd), and actin (43 Kd). In addition, autoradiography of the gels showed a 125I 105-Kd GP, identified by immunoblot as GPIIIa, as well as GPIb, GPIIb, and another band at 87 Kd, probably GPIV. Neither cytoskeletal assembly nor GPIIa incorporation was altered if calpain was inhibited with leupeptin. Platelet suspensions exposed to bovine vWf without stirring (ie, nonagglutinated) or platelets in which agglutination was inhibited with ADP showed smaller cytoskeletons with little ABP, 235 Kd protein, and alpha-actinin. Autoradiographs showed mainly GPIb. Cytochalasin D (CD) and monobromobimane (MB) enhanced agglutination and prevented the inhibitory action of ADP on bovine vWf-induced platelet agglutination. CD markedly inhibited the assembly of the cytoskeletal core as well as GPIIIa retention, whereas MB resulted in a large Triton-insoluble residue which contained GPIIIa. Thus, development of a platelet cytoskeletal core is apparently not required for agglutination, but when a cytoskeletal core is assembled in agglutinated platelets, GPIIIa is retained.

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Puszkin, EG, EA Mauss und MB Zucker. „Assembly and GPIIIa content of cytoskeletal core in platelets agglutinated with bovine von Willebrand factor“. Blood 76, Nr. 8 (15.10.1990): 1572–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v76.8.1572.bloodjournal7681572.

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The association between occupancy of the von Willebrand factor (vWf) receptor glycoprotein (GP) Ib, agglutination, and the assembly and composition of the cytoskeletal core was studied in 125I-surface- labeled aspirin-treated washed platelets. Binding of ligands to GPIIb- IIIa and platelet aggregation were abolished by addition of EDTA. Platelet agglutination induced by bovine vWf generated a complete cytoskeletal core (Triton-insoluble residue), shown by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) to be composed of actin-binding protein (ABP) (260 Kd), 235-Kd protein, myosin heavy chain (200 Kd), alpha-actinin (100 Kd), and actin (43 Kd). In addition, autoradiography of the gels showed a 125I 105-Kd GP, identified by immunoblot as GPIIIa, as well as GPIb, GPIIb, and another band at 87 Kd, probably GPIV. Neither cytoskeletal assembly nor GPIIa incorporation was altered if calpain was inhibited with leupeptin. Platelet suspensions exposed to bovine vWf without stirring (ie, nonagglutinated) or platelets in which agglutination was inhibited with ADP showed smaller cytoskeletons with little ABP, 235 Kd protein, and alpha-actinin. Autoradiographs showed mainly GPIb. Cytochalasin D (CD) and monobromobimane (MB) enhanced agglutination and prevented the inhibitory action of ADP on bovine vWf-induced platelet agglutination. CD markedly inhibited the assembly of the cytoskeletal core as well as GPIIIa retention, whereas MB resulted in a large Triton-insoluble residue which contained GPIIIa. Thus, development of a platelet cytoskeletal core is apparently not required for agglutination, but when a cytoskeletal core is assembled in agglutinated platelets, GPIIIa is retained.

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Brown, J., S. P. Salas, A. Singleton, J. M. Polak und C. T. Dollery. „Autoradiographic localization of atrial natriuretic peptide receptor subtypes in rat kidney“. American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 259, Nr. 1 (01.07.1990): F26—F39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1990.259.1.f26.

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The distribution of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) clearance receptors in rat kidney was investigated by in vitro autoradiography using des[Gln18,Ser19,Gly20,Leu21,Gly22]-ANP-(4- 23) (C-ANP) and 125I-Tyr0-ANP-(5-25) as relatively specific ligands of this receptor. Alpha-125I-ANP (100 pM) bound reversibly but with high affinity to glomeruli, outer medullary vasa recta bundles, and inner medulla. C-ANP (10 microM) inhibited greater than 60% of this glomerular binding but did not inhibit the binding of alpha-125I-ANP to medullary tissues. Alpha-125I-ANP also bound reversibly to the renal arteries up to the glomerulus. This arterial binding was only partly inhibited by 10 microM C-ANP. In the presence of 10 microM C-ANP, increasing concentrations of alpha-125I-ANP bound to a residue of glomerular sites with apparent dissociation constants of 0.82 +/- 0.16 to 2.73 +/- 1.20 nM at different cortical levels. 125I-Tyr0-ANP-(5-25) bound significantly to glomeruli and intrarenal arteries but not to vasa recta bundles or inner medulla. This glomerular binding also occurred with nanomolar dissociation constants. It was completely inhibited by 1 microM alpha-ANP and 10 microM C-ANP, but not by unrelated peptides such as gastrin. These results suggest that renal ANP clearance receptors are restricted in vivo to the glomeruli and renal arterial system of the rat.

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KUMATA, Masahiro, und Tamio SAGAWA. „Study of Alpha-Nuclides Sorption on Granite by Autoradiographic Method.“ RADIOISOTOPES 40, Nr. 6 (1991): 240–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3769/radioisotopes.40.6_240.

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King, Jonathan D., Scott P. Stringer, Nasser Chegini, William H. Donnelly, Nicholas J. Cassisi und Gregory S. Schultz. „TGF-Alpha Protein and Receptor Localization in Laryngotracheal Tissue“. Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 109, Nr. 5 (November 1993): 915–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019459989310900522.

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Both Normal Cell Turnover And Healing Of Laryngeal And Tracheal Injuries Involve Cell Migration And Mitosis. The Proteins That Regulate Normal Cell Turnover And Wound Healing In The Larynx And Trachea Have Not Been Established. It Is Possible That Peptide Growth Factors, Such As Transforming Growth Factor-α (Tgfα) Acting Through Its Receptor (Egf/Tgfα-R), Participate In The Regulation Of These Processes. To Investigate This Hypothesis, We Analyzed Laryngotracheal Cells For Tgfα Protein And Receptor In Normal And Postwounding Conditions. Tgfα Protein Was Detected By Immunohistochemical Analysis In Normal Ferret Laryngeal And Tracheal Mucosa. Specific Binding To The Egf/Tgfα Receptor In Membrane Homogenates Of Ferret Larynx And Trachea Reached Saturation After 60 Minutes At 37° C, And Was Effectively Displaced By Unlabeled Epidermal Growth Factor (Egf) Or Tgfα, But Not By Unlabeled Insulin, Angiotensin Ii, Or Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor. Scatchard Analysis Of The Specific Binding Indicated The Presence Of High-Affinity (Kd = 117 Pmol) And Low-Affinity (Kd = 40 Nmol) Binding Sites. The Maximum Number Of Available Binding Sites Was 73 Fmol/Mg Protein. Localization Of The Egf/Tgfα Receptor By Autoradiographic Analysis Of 125I-Egf Binding To Sections Of Normal Ferret Larynx And Trachea Revealed Egf/Tgfα Receptors Throughout The Epithelium, With The Highest Grain Density In The Basal Layers. Quantitative Analysis Of Autoradiographic Grain Density Between Normal, Intubated, And Extubated Animals Revealed No Significant Differences. The Presence Of Tgfα Protein And Its Receptor In Normal And Wounded Larynx And Trachea Supports The Hypothesis That These Proteins Are Involved In Regulating Physiologic Responses Of Laryngotracheal Cells.

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Neely, C. F., I. Matot, V. K. Batra, X. Bo und G. Burnstock. „P2X purinoceptors in the feline pulmonary vascular bed: distribution and selective in vivo pharmacological probes“. American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 270, Nr. 6 (01.06.1996): L889—L897. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.1996.270.6.l889.

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The distribution and identification of selective pharmacological probes for P2X purinoceptors in the pulmonary vascular (PV) bed of the cat have been investigated with autoradiographic and pharmacological techniques. Autoradiographic localization of the selective P2X purinoceptor ligand alpha, beta-[3H]methylene ATP (alpha, beta-MeATP) binding sites in cat lung shows that P2X purinoceptors are present in all vessels in the bed; high densities were present in large (2-mm diam) and small (0.5-mm diam) pulmonary arteries, bronchial arterioles (0.1-mm diam), and large pulmonary veins, whereas low density is characteristic of parenchymal arterioles and alveolar walls. Most of the binding is displaced with the P2X-purinoceptor agonist beta, gamma-methylene ATP and the putative selective P2X-purinoceptor antagonist pyridoxalphosphate-6-azophenyl-2',4'-disulfonic acid (PPADS) in all vessels; however, the binding is further displaced with the, P2Y-purinoceptor agonist 2-methylthio ATP (2-MeS-ATP), which suggests the presence of P2Y as well as P2X purinoceptors. P2X purinoceptors mediate potent vasoconstrictor actions in the PV bed. alpha, beta-MeATP is a selective agonist for P2X purinoceptors and does not act via serotonergic, histaminergic, adrenergic, or leukotriene vasoconstrictor receptors to produce an increase in PV resistance. The vasoconstrictor responses of alpha, beta-MeATP are attenuated by PPADS. However, PPADS has no effect on the vasodilation induced by ATP, adenosine, or 2-MeS-ATP. The diadenosine nucleotide AP5A also produced dose-dependent vasoconstrictor responses of the PV bed, which were approximately three times less potent than those of alpha, beta-MeATP and significantly reduced by PPADS. These data support that vasoconstrictor P2X purinoceptors are present on pulmonary vessels. The functional significance of these vascular P2X purinoceptors in the PV bed is not known; however, alpha, beta-MeATP, AP5A, and PPADS may be used in vivo to define their physiological role in health and disease in the lung.

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Happe, H. K., C. L. Coulter, M. E. Gerety, J. D. Sanders, M. O'Rourke, D. B. Bylund und L. C. Murrin. „Alpha-2 adrenergic receptor development in rat CNS: an autoradiographic study“. Neuroscience 123, Nr. 1 (Januar 2004): 167–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2003.09.004.

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Healy, D. P., und D. D. Fanestil. „Localization of atrial natriuretic peptide binding sites within the rat kidney“. American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 250, Nr. 3 (01.03.1986): F573—F578. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1986.250.3.f573.

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Although synthetic atrial natriuretic peptides (ANP) have potent natriuretic/diuretic properties, the renal mechanisms underlying these effects are not yet clearly defined. To determine the possible sites of action for ANP within the kidney, we have localized 125I-ANP binding sites by in vitro autoradiography. Slices of rat kidney were incubated with 150 pM 125I-ANP [alpha-rat ANP (alpha-rANP), 28 amino acids] alone or in the presence of 10 nM or 1 microM unlabeled ANP. Autoradiography was performed using LKB Ultrofilm or emulsion-coated cover slips together with histochemical/immunohistochemical staining of specific tubular segments. High-affinity 125I-ANP binding sites were concentrated over glomeruli and to a lesser extent over the arterial vasculature. Lower-affinity binding sites were seen over proximal tubules and inner medullary collecting ducts. The remainder of the nephron was unlabeled. The localization of high-affinity 125I-ANP binding sites in rat kidney is consistent with a glomerular filtration/hemodynamic mechanism as the principal means by which ANP promotes natriuresis/diuresis.

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Romero, D. P., und A. E. Dahlberg. „The alpha subunit of initiation factor 2 is phosphorylated in vivo in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae“. Molecular and Cellular Biology 6, Nr. 4 (April 1986): 1044–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.6.4.1044-1049.1986.

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The phosphorylation state of the alpha subunit of initiation factor 2 (eIF-2 alpha) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been determined by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and autoradiography of lysates from cultures grown under a variety of conditions. The alpha subunit was maintained in a phosphorylated state during logarithmic growth on fermentable and nonfermentable carbon sources, during starvation for an essential amino acid, during heat shock, during stationary phase, and during sporulation. Only when cells were starved for a carbon source for 2 h in 1 M sorbitol was eIF-2 alpha isolated in the nonphosphorylated state. This is in contrast with the studies in rabbit reticulocyte lysates, in which arrested protein synthesis was correlated with a relative increase in the extent of phosphorylation of eIF-2 alpha.

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Romero, D. P., und A. E. Dahlberg. „The alpha subunit of initiation factor 2 is phosphorylated in vivo in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.“ Molecular and Cellular Biology 6, Nr. 4 (April 1986): 1044–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.6.4.1044.

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The phosphorylation state of the alpha subunit of initiation factor 2 (eIF-2 alpha) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been determined by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and autoradiography of lysates from cultures grown under a variety of conditions. The alpha subunit was maintained in a phosphorylated state during logarithmic growth on fermentable and nonfermentable carbon sources, during starvation for an essential amino acid, during heat shock, during stationary phase, and during sporulation. Only when cells were starved for a carbon source for 2 h in 1 M sorbitol was eIF-2 alpha isolated in the nonphosphorylated state. This is in contrast with the studies in rabbit reticulocyte lysates, in which arrested protein synthesis was correlated with a relative increase in the extent of phosphorylation of eIF-2 alpha.

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24

Zhmodik, C. M., und V. A. Ponomarchuk. „GEOCHEMICAL VIEW ON “INOFFENSIVE” DEPLETED URANIUM“. Доклады Российской академии наук. Науки о Земле 513, Nr. 1 (01.11.2023): 153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s2686739723601229.

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The interaction of alpha radiation from UO2 micro- and nanoparticles (uraninite) with the substance was visualized using alpha-autoradiography data on A-2 thick-layer nuclear photographic emulsions. The spherical area of action of alpha particles around UO2 micrograins, up to 100 microns in size, is a deeply transformed substance with a high density of radiation defects. The translation of these results on a living organism leads to the conclusion about the specific type of impact of micro- and nanoparticles of depleted uranium, in which prolonged internal irradiation in small doses of the whole organism is combined with catastrophically high doses of alpha radiation in local zones, near micro- and nanoparticles UO2.

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25

Hatzialekou, Urania, Denis L. Henshaw und A. Peter Fews. „Automated image analysis of alpha-particle autoradiographs of human bone“. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 263, Nr. 2-3 (Januar 1988): 504–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9002(88)90994-1.

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26

Vrinda Devi, K. V., Jayshree Ramkumar, Arijit Sengupta, P. S. Somayajulu, J. N. Dubey, I. H. Shaikh und S. Chandramouleeswaran. „Characterisation of nuclear fuel by spectroscopic evaluation of alpha autoradiographs“. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 314, Nr. 1 (25.07.2017): 259–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10967-017-5361-4.

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Kalnins, Christopher A. G., Nigel A. Spooner, Michael J. P. Clarke und David Ottaway. „Alpha particle autoradiography for high spatial resolution mapping of radionuclides“. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 197 (Februar 2019): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2018.11.008.

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28

Verdurand, Mathieu, Elise Levigoureux, Sophie Lancelot, Waël Zeinyeh, Thierry Billard, Isabelle Quadrio, Armand Perret-Liaudet, Luc Zimmer und Fabien Chauveau. „Amyloid-Beta Radiotracer [18F]BF-227 Does Not Bind to Cytoplasmic Glial Inclusions of Postmortem Multiple System Atrophy Brain Tissue“. Contrast Media & Molecular Imaging 2018 (2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9165458.

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The accumulation of aggregated alpha-synuclein (α-syn) in multiple brain regions is a neuropathological hallmark of synucleinopathies. Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a synucleinopathy characterized by the predominant cerebral accumulation of aggregated α-syn as cytoplasmic glial inclusions (CGI). A premortem diagnosis tool would improve early diagnosis and help monitoring disease progression and therapeutic efficacy. One Positron Emission Tomography (PET) study suggested [11C]BF-227 as a promising radiotracer for monitoring intracellular α-syn deposition in MSA patients. We sought to confirm the binding of this radiotracer to α-syn using state-of-the-art autoradiography. Medulla sections were obtained from 9 MSA patients and 9 controls (London Neurodegenerative Diseases Brain Bank). [18F]BF-227, chemically identical to [11C]BF-227, was used at nanomolar concentrations to perform in vitro autoradiography assays. Autoradiograms were superimposed on fluorescent staining from the conformational anti-α-syn antibody 5G4 and quantified after immunofluorescence-driven definition of regions of interest. Autoradiography showed no specific signals in MSA patients in comparison to controls despite widespread pathology detected by immunofluorescence. Autoradiography does not support a significant binding of [18F]BF-227 to CGI at concentrations typically achieved in PET experiments.

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Muntz, K. H., C. Garcia und H. K. Hagler. „alpha 1-Receptor localization in rat heart and kidney using autoradiography“. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 249, Nr. 3 (01.09.1985): H512—H519. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1985.249.3.h512.

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To study the distribution of alpha 1-adrenergic receptors in rat heart, kidney, and skeletal muscle, we used light-microscopic autoradiography of [3H]prazosin. Scintillation spectrometry of frozen sections demonstrated rapid binding, saturability, stereospecificity, and agonist and antagonist binding characteristic of an alpha-receptor. For autoradiography, sections were incubated, processed, and grain density quantified using a computer-based image analyzer. Specific alpha 1-receptor binding was found over cardiac myocytes in the left and right ventricles but not over skeletal muscle. Scatchard analyses of specific grain densities over cardiac myocytes gave a dissociation constant (Kd) of 0.55 +/- 0.18 nM (SD, n = 4 rats) and a maximum number of binding sites (Bmax) of 448 +/- 90 grains/10(-2) mm2. Renal arterioles had a higher specific grain density than myocardial arterioles at all concentrations of [3H]prazosin (P less than 0.001). Scatchard analyses showed that renal arterioles had a Kd of 0.27 nM and a Bmax of 1,259 grains/10(-2) mm2, whereas myocardial arterioles had a Kd of 1.64 nM and a Bmax of 183 grains/10(-2) mm2. Arterioles in the flexor carpi radialis muscle were not labeled. Renal cortex tubules had the highest grain density of any structure studied, i.e., higher than grain density over glomeruli or tubules in the renal medulla. These observations indicate that significant differences exist in the distribution and affinity of alpha 1-adrenergic receptors in various vascular beds and parenchymal tissues.

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Zhao, M., H. K. Hagler und K. H. Muntz. „Regulation of alpha 1-, beta 1-, and beta 2-adrenergic receptors in rat heart by norepinephrine“. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 271, Nr. 5 (01.11.1996): H1762—H1768. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1996.271.5.h1762.

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Previous studies suggest that the desensitization and downregulation of beta 1-adrenergic receptors (beta 1-AR) in the failing heart are the result of the elevated plasma catecholamine levels associated with this disease. To examine norepinephrine (NE)-induced regulation of cardiac adrenergic receptors, rats were infused with l-NE (200 micrograms.kg-1.h-1 for 7 days) or vehicle (0.001 N HCl) by implantation of osmotic minipumps. The technique of coverslip autoradiography was used to quantify alpha 1-adrenergic receptors (alpha 1-AR), beta 1-AR, and beta 2-AR in different tissue compartments of rat hearts. For measurement of beta-AR binding, sections were incubated with 70 pM [125I]iodocyanopindolol (ICYP) alone or in the presence of 5 microM dl-propranolol or 5 x 10(-7) M CGP-20712A (a beta 1-antagonist) and then set up for autoradiography. [3H]prazosin (1 nM) with or without phentolamine was used to study alpha-AR binding. Chronic infusion of NE induced a greater downregulation of beta 2-AR compared with beta 1-AR in all regions studied, including atrial and ventricular myocytes, coronary arterioles, and connective tissue. An 18% loss of beta 1-AR was seen only in atrial myocytes; beta 1-AR density actually increased 28% in ventricular myocytes following NE infusion. There was a 15% decrease in alpha 1-AR in ventricular myocytes, whereas no change in alpha 1-AR density was seen in myocardial arterioles. Our study demonstrates that beta 2-AR are more susceptible to NE-induced downregulation than beta 1-AR. Thus other mechanisms may be involved in the selective downregulation of beta 1-AR in certain forms of heart failure.

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Woollard, J. E., T. E. Blue, J. F. Curran, M. C. Dobelbower, H. R. Busby und R. F. Barth. „An Alpha Autoradiographic Technique for Spatial Quantification of 10B Concentrations in Tissue“. Nuclear Science and Engineering 110, Nr. 1 (Januar 1992): 96–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/nse92-a23879.

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Zheng, T., C. Villalobos, K. D. Nusser, T. W. Gettys, W. J. Faught, J. P. Castano und L. S. Frawley. „Phenotypic characterization and functional correlation of alpha-MSH binding to pituitary cells“. American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 272, Nr. 2 (01.02.1997): E282—E287. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1997.272.2.e282.

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It is clear that alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH), released by the hypophysial neurointermediate lobe, is a mediator of suckling-induced prolactin release, but several questions surrounding its role remain unresolved. Accordingly, the objectives of the present study were 1) to establish whether alpha-MSH could bind in a reversible manner to a specific secretory type cell within the adenohypophysis (AP), 2) to resolve the issue of whether the peptide could compete with dopamine for the same receptor binding site, and 3) to seek a functional signaling correlate for alpha-MSH binding. In pursuit of these objectives, we subjected pituitary cells from lactating rats to alpha-MSH receptor autoradiography, AP hormone immunocytochemistry, or digital imaging fluorescence microscopy with fura 2 as a calcium-sensitive probe. Our results show that alpha-MSH binding is restricted to mammotropes and that a specific subpopulation of these express functional alpha-MSH receptors that are coupled to a Ca2+ signaling pathway. Moreover, alpha-MSH does not compete with dopamine antagonists/agonists for the same binding site.

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SHIBATA, KOJI. „Boron Using in Steel and Autoradiography through Alpha-particle Track Etching.“ RADIOISOTOPES 46, Nr. 6 (1997): 413–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3769/radioisotopes.46.413.

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McDonald, P., S. W. Fowler, M. Heyraud und M. S. Baxter. „Polonium-210 in mussels and its implications for environmental alpha-autoradiography“. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 3, Nr. 4 (Januar 1986): 293–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0265-931x(86)90004-4.

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Chen, M. C., A. T. Lee, W. E. Karnes, D. Avedian, M. Martin, J. M. Sorvillo und A. H. Soll. „Paracrine control of gastric epithelial cell growth in culture by transforming growth factor-alpha“. American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 264, Nr. 2 (01.02.1993): G390—G396. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1993.264.2.g390.

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Studying primary cultures of replicating canine oxyntic mucosal cells, we found evidence for modulation of cell growth by endogenous factors. [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA was rapid with cells cultured in medium free of serum or added growth factors, and growth rates of these cultures were markedly dependent on plating density, indicating mitogenic control by soluble endogenous growth factors. Data indicated that endogenous transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) exerted mitogenic control under the following conditions. 1) TGF-alpha was detected in the cultured cells by radioimmunoassay and immunohistochemistry. 2) TGF-alpha-like immunoreactivity and receptor reactivity were present in the medium in concentrations sufficient to exert mitogenic control. 3) Receptors for TGF-alpha and epidermal growth factor (EGF) were present in the cultures. 4) Immunoabsorption by a TGF-alpha-specific antisera reduced [3H]thymidine incorporation. TGF-alpha was localized to parietal cells by immunohistochemistry and cell separation. In contrast, combined [3H]thymidine autoradiography and immunohistochemistry with anti-TGF-alpha did not detect TGF-alpha in dividing cells. We conclude that parietal cell TGF-alpha exerts paracrine control of mucosal cell growth in vitro, and we speculate that this is an important paracrine mechanism in vivo.

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ISHIGURE, Nobuhito, Takashi NAKANO, Hiroko ENOMOTO, Akira KOIZUMI und Katsuhiro MIYAMOTO. „Alpha-particle autoradiography by solid state track detectors to spatial distribution of radioactivity in alpha-counting source.“ RADIOISOTOPES 38, Nr. 6 (1989): 282–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3769/radioisotopes.38.6_282.

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Tsutsui, H., H. Tomoike und M. Nakamura. „Quantitative and autoradiographic analyses of alpha-adrenergic and serotonergic receptors on aorta and coronary artery“. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 259, Nr. 5 (01.11.1990): H1343—H1350. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1990.259.5.h1343.

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Norepinephrine, epinephrine, and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) modulate the vascular tone via specific receptors on the vascular wall. Binding characteristics and localization of alpha-adrenergic and serotonergic receptors were determined in porcine aortas and coronary arteries. Radioligand binding studies were done using frozen sections of vascular tissue (10 microns thick), and the obtained data were compared with findings on microsomal fractions prepared from smooth muscle cells. Affinities [dissociation constant (Kd)] of 125I-labeled 2-[beta-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-ethylaminomethyl]-tetralone (BE 2254), an alpha 1-antagonist, for alpha-adrenergic receptors on aortic and coronary microsomal fractions were 190 and 224 pM, respectively. The Kd of 125I-labeled lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), a serotonergic antagonist, to serotonergic receptors on the aorta was 403 pM, a value less than that obtained for the coronary artery (873 pM, p less than 0.01). The Kd of 125I-BE 2254 on tissue sections from the aorta was 164 pM and did not significantly differ from that obtained for microsomal fractions. Inhibition constants of adrenergic agonists and antagonists for specific 125I-BE 2254 binding on aortic sections were identical with those obtained for microsomal fractions. Receptor densities examined by 125I-BE 2254 and 125I-LSD were higher in the aorta than in the coronary artery. 125I-BE 2254 bound specifically to alpha 1-adrenergic and 125I-LSD to 5-HT1-like receptors. Radiodensities of 125I-BE 2254 and 125I-LSD were homogeneous macroscopically across the aortic media. Silver grains distributed homogeneously over the smooth muscle cells across the media. There was no accumulation of silver grains to the intima.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Woollard, J. E., T. E. Blue, J. F. Curran, T. F. Mengers und R. F. Barth. „An alpha autoradiographic technique for determination of 10B concentrations in blood and tissue“. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 299, Nr. 1-3 (Dezember 1990): 600–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9002(90)90853-x.

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Brown, J., und A. Czarnecki. „Receptor subtypes for natriuretic peptides in the brains of hypertensive rats“. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 260, Nr. 2 (01.02.1991): R441—R447. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1991.260.2.r441.

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Receptor subtypes for alpha-atrial natriuretic peptide (alpha-ANP) were characterized in brains of 12-wk-old Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) by in vitro autoradiography, using des[Gln18, Ser19,Gly20,Leu21,Gly22]ANP-(4-23) (C-ANP) and ANP-(5-25) as subtype-selective ligands. 125I-labeled alpha-ANP (200 pM) bound reversibly to arachnoid mater (AM), choroid plexus (ChP), subfornical organ (SFO), median preoptic nucleus, and supraoptic nucleus. Apparent Kd values for alpha-ANP in AM, ChP, and SFO were 1-6 nM and they were lowest in SHR. Maximal binding capacities for alpha-ANP on ChP and SFO were also significantly lower in SHR, and 10 microM C-ANP or 10 microM ANP-(5-25) inhibited most radioligand binding on AM of WKY and SHR. C-ANP significantly inhibited no other alpha-125I-ANP binding. ANP-(5-25) was a relatively weak inhibitor of alpha-125I-ANP binding to ChP and SFO in WKY but it was powerful in SHR. The results suggest that AM expresses clearance receptor for alpha-ANP in WKY and SHR. Other structures do not express this receptor significantly but express two other receptors for alpha-ANP, one mainly in WKY and one mainly in SHR.

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IIDA, Takao, Yukimasa IKEBE und Osamu MATSUOKA. „Autoradiography of .ALPHA.-and .BETA.-emitters using a charged-particle imaging system.“ RADIOISOTOPES 36, Nr. 7 (1987): 317–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3769/radioisotopes.36.7_317.

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AL Darwish, R., E. Bezak, A. Staudacher und M. Brown. „EP-1839: Application of timepix for autoradiography imaging in targeted alpha therapy“. Radiotherapy and Oncology 111 (2014): S302—S303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8140(15)31957-5.

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Schneider, Nathan R., S. E. Glover, Zhongyum Dong und Henry B. Spitz. „Microdosimetry of alpha-emitting decay products in tissue using conventional film autoradiography“. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 307, Nr. 3 (01.09.2015): 2029–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10967-015-4401-1.

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43

Kirshner, N., J. J. Corcoran und H. P. Erickson. „Synthesis of alpha 2-macroglobulin by bovine adrenal cortical cell cultures“. American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 256, Nr. 4 (01.04.1989): C779—C785. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1989.256.4.c779.

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Primary cultures of bovine adrenal medullary cells synthesize and secrete a high-molecular-weight protein into the culture medium. The protein was purified from the serum-free medium of cultured cells and was identified as alpha 2-macroglobulin by gel electrophoresis, sedimentation velocity, electron microscopy, immunoprecipitation, immunodiffusion, and autoradiography. Antisera directed against the protein were prepared and used to determine the cell types that synthesize the protein. Immunohistofluorescence studies show that adrenal cortical cells present in the adrenal medullary cell cultures reacted with the antisera to the protein purified from the medium, but adrenal medullary chromaffin cells did not. Cell cultures prepared from bovine adrenal cortex also synthesize and secrete alpha 2-macroglobulin and react with the antisera.

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Deshpande, Anish, Remitha M. Vinayakamoorthy, Brijesh K. Garg, Jaya Prakash Thummapudi, Gauri Oza, Ketaki Adhikari, Aayush Agarwal et al. „Why Does Knocking Out NACHO, But Not RIC3, Completely Block Expression of α7 Nicotinic Receptors in Mouse Brain?“ Biomolecules 10, Nr. 3 (19.03.2020): 470. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom10030470.

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Alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7nAChRs) are interesting not only because of their physiological effects, but because this receptor requires chaperones to traffic to cell surfaces (measured by alpha-bungarotoxin [αBGT] binding). While knockout (KO) animals and antibodies that react across species exist for tmem35a encoding the protein chaperone NACHO, commercially available antibodies against the chaperone RIC3 that allow Western blots across species have not been generally available. Further, no effects of deleting RIC3 function (ric3 KO) on α7nAChR expression are reported. Finally, antibodies against α7nAChRs have shown various deficiencies. We find mouse macrophages bind αBGT but lack NACHO. We also report on a new α7nAChR antibody and testing commercially available anti-RIC3 antibodies that react across species allowing Western blot analysis of in vitro cultures. These antibodies also react to specific RIC3 splice variants and single-nucleotide polymorphisms. Preliminary autoradiographic analysis reveals that ric3 KOs show subtle αBGT binding changes across different mouse brain regions, while tmem35a KOs show a complete loss of αBGT binding. These findings are inconsistent with effects observed in vitro, as RIC3 promotes αBGT binding to α7nAChRs expressed in HEK cells, even in the absence of NACHO. Collectively, additional regulatory factors are likely involved in the in vivo expression of α7nAChRs.

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Edgar, L. G., N. Wolf und W. B. Wood. „Early transcription in Caenorhabditis elegans embryos“. Development 120, Nr. 2 (01.02.1994): 443–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.120.2.443.

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We have analysed early transcription in devitellinized, cultured embryos of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans by two methods: measurement of [32P]UTP uptake into TCA-precipitable material and autoradiographic detection of [3H]UTP labelling both in the presence and absence of alpha-amanitin. RNA synthesis was first detected at the 8- to 12-cell stage, and alpha-amanitin sensitivity also appeared at this time, during the cleavages establishing the major founder cell lineages. The requirements for maternally supplied versus embryonically produced gene products in early embryogenesis were examined in the same culture system by observing the effects of alpha-amanitin on cell division and the early stereotyped lineage patterns. In the presence of high levels of alpha-amanitin added at varying times from two cells onward, cell division continued until approximately the 100-cell stage and then stopped during a single round of cell division. The characteristic unequal early cleavages, orientation of cleavage planes and lineage-specific timing of early divisions were unaffected by alpha-amanitin in embryos up to 87 cells. These results indicate that embryonic transcription starts well before gastrulation in C. elegans embryos, but that although embryonic transcripts may have important early functions, maternal products can support at least the mechanics of the first 6 to 7 cell cycles.

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James, S., C. R. Chapple, M. I. Phillips, P. M. Greengrass, M. J. Davey, R. T. Turner-Warwick, E. J. G. Milroy und G. Burnstock. „Autoradiographic Analysis of Alpha-Adrenoceptors and Muscarinic Cholinergic Receptors in the Hyperplastic Human Prostate“. Journal of Urology 142, Nr. 2 Part 1 (August 1989): 438–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5347(17)38780-3.

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47

El-Fiki, M. A., S. A. El-Fiki, M. A. Sharaf, H. M. Eissa und G. M. Hassan. „Autoradiographic measurements of low concentration of alpha active nucleides using CR-39 track detector“. Nuclear Tracks and Radiation Measurements 22, Nr. 1-4 (Januar 1993): 863–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0969-8078(93)90195-a.

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48

Ochmann, A. A., und A. T. Solecki. „CR-39 autoradiographic micromapping of rock sections of various alpha emitters content – calibration approach“. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 79, Nr. 2 (Januar 2005): 127–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2004.05.017.

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Akopova, A. B., N. V. Magradze, A. A. Moiseenko, T. S. Chalabian, N. V. Viktorova und E. K. Garger. „Autoradiographic investigation of radionuclide alpha-activity in soil and plant samples from Chernobyl zone“. International Journal of Radiation Applications and Instrumentation. Part D. Nuclear Tracks and Radiation Measurements 19, Nr. 1-4 (Januar 1991): 733–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1359-0189(91)90302-x.

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50

Freyer, K., K. Dietze, S. Weisse und G. Kummer. „Autoradiographic measurement of low concentrations of alpha-active nuclides using CR-39 track detectors“. International Journal of Radiation Applications and Instrumentation. Part D. Nuclear Tracks and Radiation Measurements 19, Nr. 1-4 (Januar 1991): 751–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1359-0189(91)90306-3.

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