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Yan, Jin, Feng Lin, Zhen Zhou Ye und Jian Wen Shao. „The Design of Automated Parking Brake Performance Test Equipment“. Advanced Materials Research 945-949 (Juni 2014): 2551–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.945-949.2551.
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In order to test the parking brake performance of in-use vehicle, in this research, we designed a set of automated test system which could calculate the parking brake performance. The automated test system which was composed of four parts: vehicles weighing device, automatic traction gear, force cell, and intelligent control unit would calculate the braking force based on the traction force and the total mass of the vehicle. The results indicate that this test equipment is found to be convenient application, small floor coverage and reliable.
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Feng, Xiaozhen, Yiping Cao, Kuang Peng und Cheng Chen. „An online identity authentication method for blood smear“. Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 09, Nr. 06 (August 2016): 1550039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s179354581550039x.
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Blood smear test is the basic method of blood cytology and is also a standard medical test that can help diagnose various conditions and diseases. Morphological examination is the gold standard to determine pathological changes in blood cell morphology. In the biology and medicine automation trend, blood smears' automated management and analysis is very necessary. An online blood smear automatic microscopic image detection system has been constructed. It includes an online blood smear automatic producing part and a blood smear automatic microscopic image detection part. Online identity authentication is at the core of the system. The identifiers printed online always present dot matrix digit code (DMDC) whose stroke is not continuous. Considering the particularities of DMDC and the complexities of online application environment, an online identity authentication method for blood smear with heterological theory is proposed. By synthesizing the certain regional features according to the heterological theory, high identification accuracy and high speed have been guaranteed with few features required. In the experiment, the sufficient correct matches between the tube barcode and the identification result verified its feasibility and validity.
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Jou, Hei-Jen, Li-Yun Chou, Wen-Chun Chang, Hsin-Cheng Ho, Wan-Ting Zhang, Pei-Ying Ling, Ko-Hsin Tsai et al. „An Automatic Platform Based on Nanostructured Microfluidic Chip for Isolating and Identification of Circulating Tumor Cells“. Micromachines 12, Nr. 5 (21.04.2021): 473. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12050473.
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Circulating tumor cell (CTC) test is currently used as a biomarker in cancer treatment. Unfortunately, the poor reproducibility and limited sensitivity with the CTC detection have limited its potential impact on clinical application. A reliable automated CTC detection system is therefore needed. We have designed an automated microfluidic chip-based CTC detection system and hypothesize this novel system can reliably detect CTC from clinical specimens. SKOV3 ovarian cancer cell line was used first to test the reliability of our system. Ten healthy volunteers, 5 patients with benign ovarian tumors, and 8 patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) were recruited to validate the CTC capturing efficacy in the peripheral blood. The capture rates for spiking test in SKOV3 cells were 48.3% and 89.6% by using anti-EpCAM antibody alone and a combination of anti-EpCAM antibody and anti-N-cadherin antibody, respectively. The system was sensitive to detection of low cell count and showed a linear relationship with the cell counts in our test range. The sensitivity and specificity were 62.5% and 100% when CTC was used as a biomarker for EOC. Our results demonstrated that this automatic CTC platform has a high capture rate and is feasible for detection of CTCs in EOC.
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Ranefall, Petter, Kenneth Wester, Ann-Catrin Andersson, Christer Busch und Ewert Bengtsson. „Automatic Quantification of Immunohistochemically Stained Cell Nuclei Based on Standard Reference Cells“. Analytical Cellular Pathology 17, Nr. 2 (1998): 111–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1998/195432.
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A fully automatic method for quantification of images of immunohistochemically stained cell nuclei by computing area proportions, is presented. Agarose embedded cultured fibroblasts were fixed, paraffin embedded and sectioned at 4 µm. They were then stained together with 4 µm sections of the test specimen obtained from bladder cancer material.A colour based classifier is automatically computed from the control cells. The method was tested on formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue section material, stained with monoclonal antibodies against the Ki67 antigen and cyclin A protein. Ki67 staining results in a detailed nuclear texture with pronounced nucleoli and cyclin A staining is obtained in a more homogeneously distributed pattern.However, different staining patterns did not seem to influence labelling index quantification, and the sensitivity to variations in light conditions and choice of areas within the control population was low. Thus, the technique represents a robust and reproducible quantification method.In tests measuring proportions of stained area an average standard deviation of about 1.5% for the same field was achieved when classified with classifiers created from different control samples.
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Ranefall, Petter, Kenneth Wester und Ewert Bengtsson. „Automatic Quantification of Immunohistochemically Stained Cell Nuclei Using Unsupervised Image Analysis“. Analytical Cellular Pathology 16, Nr. 1 (1998): 29–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1998/608293.
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A method for quantification of images of immunohistochemically stained cell nuclei by computing area proportions is presented. The image is transformed by a principal component transform. The resulting first component image is used to segment the objects from the background using dynamic thresholding of theP2/A‐histogram, whereP2/Ais a global roundness measure. Then the image is transformed into principal component hue, defined as the angle around the first principal component. This image is used to segment positive and negative objects. The method is fully automatic and the principal component approach makes it robust with respect to illumination and focus settings. An independent test set consisting of images grabbed with different focus and illumination for each field of view was used to test the method, and the proposed method showed less variation than the intraoperator variation using supervised Maximum Likelihood classification.
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Gao, Zhan, Min-Chun Hu, Santosh Malagi, Joe Swenton, Jos Huisken, Kees Goossens und Erik Jan Marinissen. „Reducing Library Characterization Time for Cell-aware Test while Maintaining Test Quality“. Journal of Electronic Testing 37, Nr. 2 (April 2021): 161–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10836-021-05943-3.
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AbstractCell-aware test (CAT) explicitly targets faults caused by defects inside library cells to improve test quality, compared with conventional automatic test pattern generation (ATPG) approaches, which target faults only at the boundaries of library cells. The CAT methodology consists of two stages. Stage 1, based on dedicated analog simulation, library characterization per cell identifies which cell-level test pattern detects which cell-internal defect; this detection information is encoded in a defect detection matrix (DDM). In Stage 2, with the DDMs as inputs, cell-aware ATPG generates chip-level test patterns per circuit design that is build up of interconnected instances of library cells. This paper focuses on Stage 1, library characterization, as both test quality and cost are determined by the set of cell-internal defects identified and simulated in the CAT tool flow. With the aim to achieve the best test quality, we first propose an approach to identify a comprehensive set, referred to as full set, of potential open- and short-defect locations based on cell layout. However, the full set of defects can be large even for a single cell, making the time cost of the defect simulation in Stage 1 unaffordable. Subsequently, to reduce the simulation time, we collapse the full set to a compact set of defects which serves as input of the defect simulation. The full set is stored for the diagnosis and failure analysis. With inspecting the simulation results, we propose a method to verify the test quality based on the compact set of defects and, if necessary, to compensate the test quality to the same level as that based on the full set of defects. For 351 combinational library cells in Cadence’s GPDK045 45nm library, we simulate only 5.4% defects from the full set to achieve the same test quality based on the full set of defects. In total, the simulation time, via linear extrapolation per cell, would be reduced by 96.4% compared with the time based on the full set of defects.
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Wang, Qing, Xue Zhe Wei und Hai Feng Dai. „Hardware-in-Loop Test Platform for Electric Vehicle Cell Battery Management System“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 29-32 (August 2010): 2398–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.29-32.2398.
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This article introduces a Hardware-In-Loop test platform for electric vehicle Cell Battery Management System (BMS). At first, system structure of test method is projected to make requests for a battery emulator which is the main work of test platform. Then hardware is designed to simulate the input and output signals of BMS. The model for Lithium-ion battery, hardware driver and relative algorithm are built in Matlab/Simulink. After the model is validated, automatic code generation is performed. The code is downloaded to hardware platform. This platform enables validation of BMS instead of using real batteries.
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Tsakiroglou, Anna Maria, Martin Fergie, Ken Oguejiofor, Kim Linton, David Thomson, Peter L. Stern, Susan Astley, Richard Byers und Catharine M. L. West. „Spatial proximity between T and PD-L1 expressing cells as a prognostic biomarker for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma“. British Journal of Cancer 122, Nr. 4 (06.12.2019): 539–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41416-019-0634-z.
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Abstract Background Fulfilling the promise of cancer immunotherapy requires novel predictive biomarkers to characterise the host immune microenvironment. Deciphering the complexity of immune cell interactions requires an automated multiplex approach to histological analysis of tumour sections. We tested a new automatic approach to select tissue and quantify the frequencies of cell-cell spatial interactions occurring in the PD1/PD-L1 pathway, hypothesised to reflect immune escape in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). Methods Single sections of diagnostic biopsies from 72 OPSCC patients were stained using multiplex immunofluorescence (CD8, PD1, PD-L1, CD68). Following multispectral scanning and automated regions-of-interest selection, the Hypothesised Interaction Distribution (HID) method quantified spatial proximity between cells. Method applicability was tested by investigating the prognostic significance of co-localised cells (within 30 μm) in patients stratified by HPV status. Results High frequencies of proximal CD8+ and PD-L1+ (HR 2.95, p = 0.025) and PD1+ and PD-L1+ (HR 2.64, p = 0.042) cells were prognostic for poor overall survival in patients with HPV negative OPSCC (n = 31). Conclusion The HID method can quantify spatial interactions considered to reflect immune escape and generate prognostic information in OPSCC. The new automated approach is ready to test in additional cohorts and its applicability should be explored in research and clinical studies.
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ZATTOUTA, B., und L. MESSIKH. „Performance comparison of some censoring CA-based CFAR processors in heterogeneous environments“. Algerian Journal of Signals and Systems 2, Nr. 1 (15.03.2017): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.51485/ajss.v2i1.30.
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Performance comparison of automatic censoring CA-based CFAR processors contribute to the development of more efficient censoring detectors. In this paper, the authors analyze the performance of the detection schemes which named: ACCA-odv- (Automatic Censored Cell Averaging -ordered data variability-), ADCCA- (Automatic Dual Censoring Cell Averaging-), ACGCA- (Automatic Censoring Greatest Cell Averaging-), and GGDC- (Goodness-of-fit Generalized likelihood test with Dual Censoring-)-CFAR's in heterogeneous environments. The assumed environments are represented by three situations: first, the homogeneous situation, second, the presence of interfering targets, and the third case is allowed to the presence of clutter edges. The obtained results, under the assumption of a Gaussian clutter and a mono pulse processing, show that most of the studied detectors perform well in a specific conditions and there is a need to further developments to ensure the required performances for recent target detection application.
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Yu, Ta-Chuan, Wen-Chien Chou, Chao-Yuan Yeh, Cheng-Kun Yang, Sheng-Chuan Huang, Feng Ming Tien, Chi-Yuan Yao et al. „Automatic Bone Marrow Cell Identification and Classification By Deep Neural Network“. Blood 134, Supplement_1 (13.11.2019): 2084. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-125322.
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Purpose Differential counting of blood cells is the basis of diagnostic hematology. In many circumstances, identification of cells in bone marrow smears is the golden standard for diagnosis. Presently, methods for automatic differential counting of peripheral blood are readily available commercially. However, morphological assessment and differential counting of bone marrow smears are still performed manually. This procedure is tedious, time-consuming and laden with high inter-operator variation. In recent years, deep neural networks have proven useful in many medical image recognition tasks, such as diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy, and detection of cancer metastasis in lymph nodes. However, there has been no published work on using deep neural networks for complete differential counting of entire bone marrow smear. In this work, we present the results of using deep convolutional neural network for automatic differential counting of bone marrow nucleated cells. Materials & Methods The bone marrow smears from patients with either benign or malignant disorders in National Taiwan University Hospital were recruited in this study. The bone marrow smears are stained with Liu's stain, a modified Romanowsky stain. Digital images of the bone marrow smears were taken using 1000x oil immersion lens and 20MP color CCD camera on a single microscope with standard illumination and white-balance settings. The contour of each nucleated cell was artificially defined. These cells were then divided into a training/validation set and a test set. Each cell was then classified into 1 of the 11 categories (blast, promyelocyte, neutrophilic myelocyte, neutrophilic metamyelocyte, neutrophils, eosinophils and precursors, basophil, monocyte and precursors, lymphocyte, erythroid lineage cells, and invalid cell). In training/validation set, the classification of each cell was annotated once by experienced medical technician or hematologist. The annotated dataset was used to train a Path-Aggregation Network for instance segmentation task. In test set, cell classification was annotated by three medical technicians or hematologists; only over 2/3 consensus was regarded as valid. After the neural network model was fully trained, the ability of the model to classify and detect bone marrow nucleated cells was evaluated in terms of precision, recall and accuracy. During the model training, we used group normalization and stochastic gradient descent optimizer for training. Random noise, Gaussian blur, rotation, contrast and color shift were also used as means for data augmentation. Results The digital images of 150 bone marrow aspirate smears were taken for this study. They included 61 for acute leukemia, 39 for lymphoma, 2 for myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), 2 for myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN), 10 for MDS/MPN, 12 for multiple myeloma, 4 for hemolytic anemia, 9 for aplastic anemia, 8 for infectious etiology and 3 for solid cancers. The final data contained 5927 images and 187730 nucleated bone marrow cells, which were divided into 2 sets: 5630 images containing 170966 cells as the training/validation set, and 297 images containing 16764 cells as the test set. Among the 16764 cells annotated in test set, 15676 cells (93.6 %) reached over 2/3 consensus. The trained neural network achieved 0.832 recall and 0.736 precision for cell detection task, 0.79 mean intersection over union (IOU) for cell segmentation task, mean average precision of 0.659 and accuracy of 0.801 for cell classification. For individual cell categories, the model performs the best with "erythroid-lineage-cells" (0.971 recall, 0.935 precision) and the worst with "monocyte-and-precursors" (0.825 recall, 0.337 precision). Conclusions We have created the largest and the most comprehensive annotated bone marrow smear image dataset for deep neural network training. Compared with previous works, our approach is more practical for clinical application because it is able to take in an entire field of smear and generate differential counts without any other preprocessing steps. Current results are highly encouraging. With continued expansion of dataset, our model would be more precise and clinically useful. Figure Disclosures Yeh: aether AI: Other: CEO and co-founder. Yang:aether AI: Employment. Tien:Novartis: Honoraria; Daiichi Sankyo: Honoraria; Celgene: Research Funding; Roche: Honoraria; Johnson &Johnson: Honoraria; Alexion: Honoraria; BMS: Honoraria; Roche: Research Funding; Celgene: Honoraria; Pfizer: Honoraria; Abbvie: Honoraria. Hsu:aether AI: Employment.
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Wang, Yuqing, Yaowei Liu, Mingzhu Sun und Xin Zhao. „Deep-Learning-Based Polar-Body Detection for Automatic Cell Manipulation“. Micromachines 10, Nr. 2 (13.02.2019): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi10020120.
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Polar-body detection is an essential and crucial procedure in various automatic cell manipulations. The polar body can only be observed when it is located near the focal plane of the microscope, so we need to detect the polar body during cell rotation in cell manipulations. However, three-dimensional cell rotation by micropipette causes polar-body defocus and cell/polar-body deformation, which have not been discussed in existing image-level polar-body-detection approaches. Moreover, varying sizes of the polar bodies increase the difficulty of polar-body detection. In this paper, we propose a deep-learning-based framework to realize polar-body detection in cell rotation. The detection problem is interpreted as image segmentation, which separates the polar body from the background. Then, we improve U-net, which is a typical convolutional neural network (CNN) for medical-image segmentation, so that the network can be applied to polar-body detection, especially for the detection of defocused polar bodies and polar bodies of different sizes. For CNN training, we also designed a particular image-transformation method to simulate more cell-rotation situations, including cell- and polar-body deformation, so that the deformed polar body in cell rotation would be detected by the proposed method. Experiment results show that our method achieves high detection accuracy of 98.7% on a test dataset of 1000 images, and performs well in cell-rotation processes. This method can be applied to various automatic cell manipulations in the future.
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Li, Xiaoxing, Yi-Hua Fan, Ching-En Chen, Chia-Hui Tsao, Yu-Ming Chen und Sheng-Chung Hsieh. „DEVELOPMENT OF AN AUTOMATIC MEASUREMENT AND MATCHING MACHINE FOR COLUMNED BATTERY CELLS“. Transactions of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering 40, Nr. 5 (Dezember 2016): 693–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/tcsme-2016-0056.
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An automatic measurement and matching machine for columned batteries is developed in this study. The automatic machine consists of a battery feeding case, an intermittent separation feeding mechanism, a test region, eight classification transport channels, and battery depositary boxes. Besides the mechanism design, a human-machine interface and control program are written in VB language. The program provides the control and monitoring program for the auto-measurement system. The program cannot only read the measurement data and control the automatic machine, but also store these data and provide the test data histories for each cell supplier to the user. The experimental results show that the automatic machine could examine and classify the columned battery cells efficiently and decrease the demand of manpower. The results also show that the total measured and sorting quantity of one machine for eight hours is about 5760 pieces, which is greater than the 3500 pieces measured by one manpower.
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Lavitt, Falko, Demi J. Rijlaarsdam, Dennet van der Linden, Ewelina Weglarz-Tomczak und Jakub M. Tomczak. „Deep Learning and Transfer Learning for Automatic Cell Counting in Microscope Images of Human Cancer Cell Lines“. Applied Sciences 11, Nr. 11 (27.05.2021): 4912. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11114912.
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In biology and medicine, cell counting is one of the most important elements of cytometry, with applications to research and clinical practice. For instance, the complete cell count could help to determine conditions for which cancer cells could grow or not. However, cell counting is a laborious and time-consuming process, and its automatization is highly demanded. Here, we propose use of a Convolutional Neural Network-based regressor, a regression model trained end-to-end, to provide the cell count. First, unlike most of the related work, we formulate the problem of cell counting as the regression task rather than the classification task. This allows not only to reduce the required annotation information (i.e., the number of cells instead of pixel-level annotations) but also to reduce the burden of segmenting potential cells and then classifying them. Second, we propose use of xResNet, a successful convolutional architecture with residual connection, together with transfer learning (using a pretrained model) to achieve human-level performance. We demonstrate the performance of our approach to real-life data of two cell lines, human osteosarcoma and human leukemia, collected at the University of Amsterdam (133 training images, and 32 test images). We show that the proposed method (deep learning and transfer learning) outperforms currently used machine learning methods. It achieves the test mean absolute error equal 12 (±15) against 32 (±33) obtained by the deep learning without transfer learning, and 41 (±37) of the best-performing machine learning pipeline (Random Forest Regression with the Histogram of Gradients features).
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Yalcin, Baris Kadir, und Savas Atasever. „Relationships Between Dye Reduction Test Scores and Somatic Cell Count in Bovine Raw Milk“. Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 6, Nr. 5 (25.04.2018): 557. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v6i5.557-560.1755.
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The aim of this study was to reveal the relationships between dye reduction test scores and somatic cell count (SCC) in bovine raw milk. The SCC, methyelene blue reduction scores (MTS) and resazurin reduction test scores (RTS) were determined at biweekly intervals in four test days (TD) between March and April 2017 in a total of 89 raw milk samples sold in Samsun province as unpacked. While SCC values were recorded by an automatic counter, all SCC values were transformed to log10 base before statistical analysis. In MTS method, the time for the change of the color of milk from blue to white was noted and milk quality was assessed using a 1 to 4 point scale (1=>5h-good/excellent; 2=2-5h-medium; 3=0.5-2h-bad and 4=
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Ružarovský, Roman, Radovan Holubek und Daynier Rolando Delgado Sobrino. „Virtual Commissioning of a Robotic Cell Prior to its Implementation Into a Real Flexible Production System.“ Research Papers Faculty of Materials Science and Technology Slovak University of Technology 26, Nr. 42 (01.06.2018): 93–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rput-2018-0011.
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Abstract With the rise of the Industry 4.0 and the digitization increase in the field of design of the automated devices and systems, raises the requirements to digitize all stages of the design processes, including Virtual Commissioning. This technology allows to verify the functionality of the device and/or systems, generate OLP programs for robots and test the functionality of the PLC code on the virtual model. The article presents research into the possibility of implementing a robotic cell into a real flexible production system in the Laboratory in order to eliminate defective products after an automatic control through the Quality-handling station. This technology was verified on the basis of a methodology through a virtual system model and a virtual control system in the Software-in-Loop using the Siemens Tecnomatix Process Simulate software.
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Fatonah, Nenden Siti, Handayani Tjandrasa und Chastine Fatichah. „Automatic Leukemia Cell Counting using Iterative Distance Transform for Convex Sets“. International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 8, Nr. 3 (01.06.2018): 1731. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v8i3.pp1731-1740.
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The calculation of white blood cells on the acute leukemia microscopic images is one of the stages in the diagnosis of Leukemia disease. The main constraint on calculating the number of white blood cells is the precision in the area of overlapping white blood cells. The research on the calculation of the number of white blood cells overlapping generally based on geometry. However, there was still a calculation error due to over segment or under segment. This paper proposed an Iterative Distance Transform for Convex Sets (IDTCS) method to determine the markers and calculate the number of overlapping white blood cells. Determination of marker was performed on every cell both in single and overlapping white blood cell area. In this study, there were tree stages: segmentation of white blood cells, marker detection and white blood cell count, and contour estimation of every white blood cell. The used data testing was microscopic acute leukemia image data of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) and Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia (AML). Based on the test results, Iterative Distance Transform for Convex Sets IDTCS method performs better than Distance Transform (DT) and Ultimate Erosion for Convex Sets (UECS) method.
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Shiao, Yao Jung, Chi Wei Shiao und Chi Shan Shiao. „Development of an Onboard Automatic Tire-Wear Warning System“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 284-287 (Januar 2013): 1821–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.284-287.1821.
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Over worn tires in a vehicle endanger vehicle operation and driving safety. Vehicles with worn tires frequently have flat tires in highway, and then result in fatal traffic accidents. This research developed a RFID-based automatic tire-wear detection system. A tire-wear detection RFID cell, which contains RFID tag, isolation layer and noninterference layer, was buried in specified depth of a tire. The RFID cell can provide a signal to controller to issue a tire-wear warning if the tire is over worn. The wear detection system has benefits of small size, no battery, no maintenance, low cost and low false alarm. Bench test results confirm that this system can achieve real-time and effective detection for worn tires to enhance driving safety.
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Huang, Ting, Cunxiao Miao, Shuangai Wan, Xiaoqian Tian und Rui Li. „A Fast and Efficient Measurement System for Nuclear Spin Relaxation Times in Atomic Vapors“. Sensors 19, Nr. 22 (08.11.2019): 4863. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19224863.
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With the rapid progress of cutting-edge research such as quantum measurement technology, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) gyroscopes represent a major development direction of high-precision micro-miniature gyroscopes, which have significant advantages such as high precision, small size, and low power consumption. It is meaningful to measure the relaxation times of noble-gas atoms which are crucial indicators to accurately and quickly characterize the vapor cell performance as a core component of gyroscopes. In this paper, a test platform for relaxation time is built and an automatic relaxation time test system based on free induction decay (FID) and the π pulse method is designed to accelerate the relaxation time test. Firstly, the formula of the atomic dynamic process based on the Bloch equation was deduced, a GUI (Graphical User Interface) simulation based on the derived differential equation was conducted, and the moving process of the magnetic moment was visually described. Then, the virtual instrument was used to integrate multiple test instruments into an auto-test system, and LabVIEW programming was used for control to realize the automation of the test process on the test platform. Finally, the test results in different conditions were compared. The results show that the test system is stable and reliable with excellent man–machine interaction, and the measurement efficiency was increased by about 185%, providing an effective test scheme for vapor cell performance.
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Perfecto-Avalos, Yocanxóchitl, Luis Villela, Alejandro Garcia-Gonzalez, Ana G. Hernández-Reynoso, Gildardo Sánchez-Ante, Rita Q. Fuentes-Aguilar, Sean Scott, Carlos Ortiz-Hidalgo und Jose Borbolla Escoboza. „Molecular Subtype Classification of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma By Immunohistochemical Algorithms and Automatic Supervised Classifiers“. Blood 128, Nr. 22 (02.12.2016): 4229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.4229.4229.
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Abstract Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) can be classified into germinal center-like (GCB) and non-germinal center-like (non-GCB) molecular subtype. These entities are driven by different intracellular oncogenic signaling pathways that lead to a distinct clinical outcome (Fang, Xu, & Li, 2010; Lenz et al., 2008). Several immunohistochemical (IHC)-based DLBCL classification algorithms have been proposed, this considers the case when genetic expression profile (GEP) studies are not available. However, there is a major discrepancy within IHC algorithms, and when they are compared to GEP (Coutinho et al., 2013). To address these inconsistencies and determine if an automatic classifier could be used to accurately categorize DLBCL subtype, we perfomed a present a performance comparison between eight reported IHC algorithms (Colomo, Hans, Hans modified [Hans*], Nyman, Choi, Choi modified [Choi*] and Visco-Young with three [VY3] and four [VY4] antibodies) against their counterparts developed by automatic classification techniques, which consider the following structures: Bayesian Classifier (B), Bayesian Simple Classifier (BS), Naïve Bayesian Classifier (BN), Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), and Support Vector Machines (SVM). The Visco-Young database (Visco et al., 2012), which contains GEP, IHC raw data corresponding to GCET1, MUM1, FOXP1, BCL6, and CD10 antibodies, and clinical information of 475 de novo DLBCL patients, was used. According to GEP, the database contained 231 GCB, and 244 non-GCB cases. Each patient in VY database was ranked by survival rate as: low survival (0 - 34 months, 237 patients), medium survival (35 - 69 months, 173 patients), or high survival (70 - 106 months, 65 patients) rate. For the implementation of automatic classifiers, the database was split into training, testing and validation data subsets (75%, 20% and 5% respectively) by random selection, but to preserve the same proportion of ranked patients, the so-called k-fold cross-validation technique was applied. The automatic classifier versions of IHC algorithms used the same raw IHC data (antibody combination) as the input, e.g. VY3 used CD10, FOXP1, and BCL6 raw IHC as well as the ANN VY3. A total of 35 automatic classifiers were trained, where Colomo and Hans use the same set of antibodies and are represented by the same automatic classifiers. The stopping criterion during the training stage for all classification algorithms was an error less than 1x10-3 or 100 training epochs, whichever was satisfied first. The performance of the eight IHC algorithms and the automatic classifiers was evaluated by computing the accuracy (Acc), specificity (Spec), and sensitivity (Sens), according to the Receiver Operating Characteristic procedure. Five classifiers obtained the highest metrics: ANN Choi, BS Choi, and BS Choi* with 94.2% Acc, 93.1% Spec, and 95.2% Sens, followed by SVM Choi and SVM VY4 with 94.2% Acc, 91.4% Spec, and 96.8% Sens. Choi was the IHC algorithm with better metrics (92.5% Acc, 84.5% Spec, and 100% Sens), which ranked 11 out of 43 models tested, followed by VY3 and VY4 (ranked 22 and 23, respectively). Survival of GCB and non-GCB groups identified by these models were compared using Kaplan-Meier curves, and the significance was calculated using log-rank test. For the best five automatic classifiers and the Choi IHC algorithm, GCB overall survival was better than non-GCB cases (p < 0.05). To statistically compare the models with GEP, all automatic classifiers and IHC algorithms results were analyzed by Cohen's kappa (κ) for agreement analysis and Pearson's chi-squared test. Only Choi IHC algorithm had a very good agreement when compared with GEP (κ = 0.85, p < 0.001). The best five automatic supervised classifiers provided a perfect agreement with GEP (κ = 0.88, p < 0.001). Moreover, the agreement between IHC algorithms was mainly from moderate to good (κ: 0.41 - 0.79), except for Choi having a very good agreement with both VY3 and VY4 (κ = 0.95, p < 0.001). Conversely, a very good agreement within supervised classifiers was observed (κ: 0.77 - 1.00). Harnessing all of the available immunohistochemical data in order to increase the DLBCL classification accuracy when compared with decision three pre-existing algorithms, we conclude that 4 antibody-based BS Choi* automatic classifier provided the best metrics and represents an affordable and time-saving alternative for DLBCL molecular subtype identification. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Mangeol, Pierre, Bram Prevo und Erwin J. G. Peterman. „KymographClear and KymographDirect: two tools for the automated quantitative analysis of molecular and cellular dynamics using kymographs“. Molecular Biology of the Cell 27, Nr. 12 (15.06.2016): 1948–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e15-06-0404.
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Dynamic processes are ubiquitous and essential in living cells. To properly understand these processes, it is imperative to measure them in a time-dependent way and analyze the resulting data quantitatively, preferably with automated tools. Kymographs are single images that represent the motion of dynamic processes and are widely used in live-cell imaging. Although they contain the full range of dynamics, it is not straightforward to extract this quantitative information in a reliable way. Here we present two complementary, publicly available software tools, KymographClear and KymographDirect, that have the power to reveal detailed insight in dynamic processes. KymographClear is a macro toolset for ImageJ to generate kymographs that provides automatic color coding of the different directions of movement. KymographDirect is a stand-alone tool to extract quantitative information from kymographs obtained from a wide range of dynamic processes in an automated way, with high accuracy and reliability. We discuss the concepts behind these software tools, validate them using simulated data, and test them on experimental data. We show that these tools can be used to extract motility parameters from a diverse set of cell-biological experiments in an automated and user-friendly way.
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Chang, Yaw-Jen, Yi-Hua Fan, Shia-Chung Chen, Kuan-Hua Lee und Liao-Yong Lou. „An Automatic Lab-on-Disc System for Blood Typing“. SLAS TECHNOLOGY: Translating Life Sciences Innovation 23, Nr. 2 (14.12.2017): 172–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2472630317744732.
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A blood-typing assay is a critical test to ensure the serological compatibility of a donor and an intended recipient prior to a blood transfusion. This article presents a lab-on-disc blood-typing system to conduct a total of eight assays for a patient, including forward-typing tests, reverse-typing tests, and irregular-antibody tests. These assays are carried out in a microfluidic disc simultaneously. A blood-typing apparatus was designed to automatically manipulate the disc. The blood type can be determined by integrating the results of red blood cell (RBC) agglutination in the microchannels. The experimental results of our current 40 blood samples show that the results agree with those examined in the hospital. The accuracy reaches 97.5%.
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Triono, Agus, Wiratmaja Puja Ign und Satryo Soemantri Brodjonegoro. „Modification of Pin on Disc Test to Measure Railway Brake Block Friction Coefficient“. Key Engineering Materials 594-595 (Dezember 2013): 639–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.594-595.639.
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One of the eligibility brakes requirements that used by railway is the fulfillment of the prescribed limit of friction coefficien. Test performed to determination railway brake block friction coefficient using pin on disc test. This test convert brake force into normal force on load cell that could be replace by balance. But due to the existing gap between arm force and brake force, error could be happened. To minimalized this error, that gap had to be reduced. In this research, the gap was reduced from 4.5 cm to 1 cm. Data recording was modified from manual recording into automatic recording using LabView program. This modified was very usefull because recording data could be done easily.
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Bashier, Khawla, Nashwa Osman, Wafaa Suliman, Sarah Musaa und Eslam Attia. „Automatic classification of Malaria Using Artificial Neural Network“. Community Medicine and Health Education Research 1, Nr. 1 (14.12.2019): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.33702/cmher.2019.1.1.3.
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Malaria is one of the three most serious diseases worldwide, affecting 225 million infections each year in Sudan, mainly in the tropics where the most serious illnesses are caused by Plasmodium parasite. Automatic diagnosis design systems have been implemented to detect the presence of two types of Malaria (falciparum, vivax) using neural network. Firstly, the data has been acquisition from website and laboratory. The images were filtered to remove the noise using morphological filter, in order to separate the parasite from the other cell in the image k-means method is carried out. Then features (statics first order) were selected from textural features by t-test method, and neural network has been used to classify two types of Malaria. Finally, a graphical user interface has been designed to show result for two types of Malaria. After Complete the designing 95.45% accuracy 90.9%, sensitivity and 100% specificity has been determined.
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Blanquer, Miguel, Valentín Cabañas-Perianes, Maria Juliana Majado, Victoria Sánchez Ibáñez, Pilar Menchón Sánchez, Jorge Monserrat, Alfonso Morales Lázaro und Jose Maria Moraleda. „Evaluation of An Automatic Washing Method for DMSO Cryopreserved Peripheral Blood Hematopoietic Progenitors Using the Sepax S-100.“ Blood 114, Nr. 22 (20.11.2009): 3219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v114.22.3219.3219.
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Abstract Abstract 3219 Poster Board III-156 Introduction Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) containing cryoprotective solutions are routinely used for the storage of hematopoietic progenitors (HP). At room temperature, DMSO is toxic for the cells and may produce severe adverse reactions during their infusion, especially in the pediatric patients. These problems can be avoided by washing the cells prior to the infusion. Our objective was to test if an automatic washing method (Sepax S-100, Biosafe) allowed us to preserve the CD34+ cell numbers with an adequate viability and engraftment potential. Material and Methods Forty five peripheral blood HP apheresis that have been cryopreserved using autologous plasma plus 9% DMSO were studied. After rapid thawing in a water bath at 37° C, an automatic wash with the Sepax S-100 (2 washes cycle) was performed. Nucleated cell levels determined by an hematology analyzer, flow cytometry CD34+ cell counts and Trypan Blue cell viability test were performed on aliquots collected prior to and after the washing technique. The paired Student's t-test and the Pearson's correlation coefficient were used for the statistical analysis. Results The mean total nucleated cell (TNC) and CD34+ cell recovery was 75,47% ± 3, and 94,66% ± 4,62 respectively. In spite of the TNC significant loss (p<0,001), there were no significant differences between the pre and post-washing CD34+ cell numbers (p=0,08) or viability (p=0,19). The TNC loss had no correlation with the pre or post-washing number of platelets (p=0,18 and p=0,16 respectively), neither with the loss of platelets during the procedure (p=0,31). In contrast with the 40% of untoward reactions recorded in our historical data of 226 DMSO containing cell infusions, we observed just one adverse effect (2,22%) with the washed cells. One patient reported a transient mild abdominal pain with nausea and one vomit. Median time to neutrophil engraftment (>500 cells /mL) and platelet engraftment (>50.000 cells/mL) were 11 ± 0,2 and 20 ± 1,4 days respectively. Conclusions The Sepax S-100 automatic wash protocol of DMSO containing peripheral blood progenitor cells determines a good CD34+ cell recovery and preserves their viability and engraftment potential. This method avoids the DMSO infusion related adverse events and it constitutes a closed and easy to do procedure. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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BOUMAZA, Karima, Abdelhamid Loukil und Kaouthar Aarizou. „Automatic Human Sperm Concentrartion in microscopic videos“. Medical Technologies Journal 2, Nr. 4 (05.01.2019): 301–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.26415/2572-004x-vol2iss4p301-307.
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Abstract
Background: Human sperm cell counting analysis is of significant interest to biologists studying sperm function and to medical practitioners evaluating male infertility. Currently the analysis of this assessment is done manually by looking at the sperm samples through a phase-contrast microscope using expert knowledge to do a subjective judgement of the quality.
Aims: to eliminate the subjective and error prone of the manual semen analysis and to avoid inter and intra-laboratory inconsistencies in semen analysis test results
Methods: In this paper we introduce a technique for human sperm concentration. Its principle is based on the execution of three steps: The first step in unavoidable. It concerns the pretreatment of the human sperm microscopic videos which consists of a conversion of the RGB color space into the YCbCr space, the “Gaussian filtering” and the “discrete wavelet filtering”. The second step is devoted to the segmentation of the image into two classes: spermatozoas and the background. To achieve this, we used an edge detection technique “Sobel Contour detector”. The third step is to separate true sperm from false ones. It uses a machine learning technique of type decision trees that consist on two classes classification based on invariant characteristics that are the dimensions of the bounding ellipse of the spermatozoid head as well as its surface.
Results: To test the robustness of our system, we compared our results with those performed manually by andrologists. After results analysis, we can conclude that our system brings a real improvement of precision as well as treatment time which make it might be useful for groups who intend to design new CASA systems.
Conclusion: In this study, we designed and implemented a system for automatic concentration assessment based on machine learning method and image processing techniques.
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Tiboni, Monica, Roberto Bussola, Francesco Aggogeri und Cinzia Amici. „Experimental and Model-Based Study of the Vibrations in the Load Cell Response of Automatic Weight Fillers“. Electronics 9, Nr. 6 (13.06.2020): 995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9060995.
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The paper presents a study of the vibrations in the load cell response of automatic weight fillers for fluids, due to the dynamics of the system. The aim is to characterize vibratory phenomena through both experimental and model-based analysis, in order to identify the main causes and identify compensation strategies. Two test campaigns were conducted, on a test bench and on a sixteen stations machine, with the simultaneous acquisition of acceleration signals and load cell signals. A detailed sensitivity analysis based on experimental data, as many system parameters vary, has been developed. For the system modelling, a one Degree of Freedom (1 DoF) model, with lumped parameters and time-variant mass, including fluidic forces, was considered and numerically implemented. Genetic algorithms were used for the identification problems in the model-based analysis. The model allowed a deeper understanding of the phenomena that occur, showing promising results for the vibration prediction in a compensation process.
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Hamzah, Hamzah, Moh Toifur und Ishafit Ishafit. „Determination of Fill Factor and Efficiency in Solar Cell Type (99 × 69) mm2 with Arduino Uno R3 Based Drive assisted by Logger Pro 3.14.1“. Indonesian Review of Physics 2, Nr. 2 (31.12.2019): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.12928/irip.v2i2.1258.
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Abstrak- The study about fill factor and efficiency solar cell have been done with an automatic drive machine that rotates the surface of the solar cell following the movement of the light source from 0° up to 90° compared without automatic drive. The test results are then implemented to determine the fill factor and efficiency in variations in light intensity. In this study, polycrystalline solar cell type (99 × 69) mm2, the Philips 100W/220V light bulb at a distance of 18 cm and the driving machine is controlled through an Arduino Uno R3 microcontroller. Data acquisition of current and voltage is carried out with the help of DCP-BTA current and VP-BTA voltage probes that are connected to the mini labquest transducer and displayed to a computer through loggerpro software. The result show that it has been successfully designed an automatic driver of a solar panel (99 × 69) mm2 with an Arduino Uno R3 microcontroller and a logger pro software as data acquisition software. The using solar cell automatically driven can improve the accuracy and precision of current and voltage readings so the fill factor might be increased up to 10% while the efficiency of solar cells does not change. Variations in light intensity can increase the fill factor and efficiency of solar cells. Fill factor and efficiency have an exponentially relationship to light intensity.
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Mahardiananta, I. Made Agus, I. Made Aditya Nugraha, Putu Aries Ridhana Arimbawa und Dewa Ngakan Gde Tisna Prayoga. „SAKLAR OTOMATIS BERBASIS MIKROKONTROLER UNTUK MENGURANGI PENGGUNAAN ENERGI LISTRIK“. Jurnal RESISTOR (Rekayasa Sistem Komputer) 4, Nr. 1 (21.04.2021): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.31598/jurnalresistor.v4i1.759.
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The use of electrical energy that is often encountered in households is leaving the house with the lights on, leaving electronic goods stuck in the socket, charging cell phones overnight and turning on the air conditioner when no one is around. This unwise behavior will result in a high increase in the use of electrical energy. To reduce this unwise behavior, a device will be made that functions as a switch to cut off electrical energy automatically when we leave the room. This tool uses an Arduino Uno microcontroller with a Passive Infrared Receiver sensor to flow electrical energy when we enter the room and cut off electrical energy when leaving the room. It can be concluded that the use of an automatic switch can reduce electrical energy consumption. Automatic switches with a delay of 20 seconds compared to conventional switches have a significant ratio of electrical energy consumption as indicated by the test results of a multiple ratio of 0.00 with a test level of less than 0.05. Using an automatic switch with a 20 second delay results in savings in electrical energy consumption of 48.76% of the electrical energy consumption using conventional switches.
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Simoes, Ana Teresa, Rogerio FC Barreira, Alexandra Alves Pereira, Sara Cardeira, Raquel Sanches, Carla Silva Costa, Ana Paula Gonsalves et al. „Bone Marrow Specific Scatter Pattern on Multiple Myeloma and the M:E Ratio and Cellularity Analysed by the CELL-DYN 4000® Methodology“. Blood 112, Nr. 11 (16.11.2008): 4714. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v112.11.4714.4714.
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Abstract INTRODUCTION: Optical microscopy is the reference method for the morphological evaluation of bone marrow aspirates; however, in spite of permitting a good qualitative evaluation, the relative quantification of the different type of cells is time consuming and not precise. Regardless the efforts to develop automatic methodologies, no precise and reliable methods are available. CELL-DYN 4000® haematological analyzer uses the MAPSS® technology, based on optical light dispersion, fluorescence and impedance, with great accuracy in differential cellular blood counts. STUDY PURPOSE: to establish the correlation between the optical microscopy and the automatically CELL-DYN 4000® bone marrow examination concerning the cellularity and the myeloid/erythroid ratio. to study the bone marrow scatter pattern on haematological diseases. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 84 bone marrow samples (in K3EDTA) collected for diagnostic purposes among patients attending the Haematology clinic of Centro Hospitalar de Coimbra. Bone marrow films were stained by May-Grünwald-Giemsa’s, analysed by two different Haematologists and the diagnosis were confirmed by flow cytometry studies. Bone marrow automatic analysis were performed by CELL-DYN 4000® using CBC(N), Extended Count(W) and Resistant(R) methodologies. Statistical analysis: Pearson’s correlation for agreement between automatic methodologies for erythroid lineage and lymphoid series counts; Pearson’s correlation for M:E ratio; Cohen’s Kappa Test for the cellularity; Fisher’s Exact Test to determine whether a specific graphical pattern was associated with a particular haematological disease. RESULTS: Comparing bone marrow studies by manual and automatic methods we verified: a good correlation (r=0,769, p<0,0001) with R methodology for erythroid lineage and lymphoid series, despite the interference of erythroblasts in the lymphoid series; an excellent agreement (k>0,808) in the cellularity assessment and an excellent correlation (r=0,955; p<0,0001) with the R methodology in M:E ratio. We also found a very good association (c2=24; p<0,0001) of a specific scatter pattern and Multiple Myeloma (n=10) which is different from Plasmocytic Leukaemia (n=2) and Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance (MGUS) (n=2). CONCLUSIONS: The present study shows that the bone marrow M:E ratio, as well as the cellularity evaluation by CELL-DYN® 4000 R methodology are reliable. It also shows the association between a specific graphic pattern and Multiple Myeloma. Morphological analysis is the gold standard for bone marrow examination and it will be, probably, never discharged, however, these data confirm the possibilities of having a good global evaluation of bone marrow samples by automatic methods.
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Gemmi, Mauro, Maria G. I. La Placa, Athanassios S. Galanis, Edgar F. Rauch und Stavros Nicolopoulos. „Fast electron diffraction tomography“. Journal of Applied Crystallography 48, Nr. 3 (16.04.2015): 718–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600576715004604.
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A fast and fully automatic procedure for collecting electron diffraction tomography data is presented. In the case of a very stable goniometer it is demonstrated how, by variation of the tilting speed and the CCD detector parameters, it is possible to obtain fully automatic precession-assisted electron diffraction tomography data collections, rotation electron diffraction tomography data collections or new integrated electron diffraction tomography data collections, in which the missing wedge of the reciprocal space between the patterns is recorded by longer exposures during the crystal tilt. It is shown how automatic data collection of limited tilt range can be used to determine the unit-cell parameters, while data of larger tilt range are suitable to solve the crystal structureabinitiowith direct methods. The crystal structure of monoclinic MgMoO4has been solved in this way as a test structure. In the case where the goniometer is not stable enough to guarantee a steady position of the crystal over large tilt ranges, an automatic method for tracking the crystal during continuous rotation of the sample is proposed.
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Choi, Kyoo Nam. „Noise in Load Cell Signal in an Automatic Weighing System Based on a Belt Conveyor“. Journal of Sensors 2017 (2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1524782.
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Noise in load cell signal in an automatic weighing system based on a belt conveyor has been examined experimentally in time and frequency domains to enhance signal quality. The noise frequency spectrum showed nonlinearly increasing multiple resonance peaks as speed increased. The noise reduction process using noise reduction algorithm, by sharply rejecting peak noise frequency component and afterward forming optimum pulse width ratio through filter slope control using selective switching of 6 LPF stages, was used for enhanced accuracy. The effectiveness of proposed method, controlling both cutoff frequency and slope of LPF, was evaluated by feeding 50 g test mass, and this noise reduction process showed better noise filtering with enhanced accuracy than fixed cutoff frequency control method. The ratio of top to bottom pulse width showed that LPF cutoff frequency above 5 Hz had the ratio above 50% up to 80 m/min speed range.
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Fontana, Gianmauro, Serena Ruggeri, Irene Fassi und Giovanni Legnani. „A mini work-cell for handling and assembling microcomponents“. Assembly Automation 34, Nr. 1 (28.01.2014): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aa-11-2012-087.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper was the design, development, and test of a flexible and reconfigurable experimental setup for the automatic manipulation of microcomponents, enhanced by an accurately developed vision-based control. Design/methodology/approach – To achieve a flexible and reconfigurable system, an experimental setup based on 4 degrees of freedom robot and a two-camera vision system was designed. Vision-based strategies were adopted to suitably support the motion system in easily performing precise manipulation operations. A portable and flexible program, incorporating the machine vision module and the control module of the task operation, was developed. Non-conventional calibration strategies were also conceived for the complete calibration of the work-cell. The developed setup was tested and exploited in the execution of repetitive tests of the grasping and releasing of microcomponents, testing also different grasping and releasing strategies. Findings – The system showed its ability in automatically manipulating microcomponents with two different types of vacuum grippers. The performed tests evaluated the success and precision of the part grasping and release, which is a crucial aspect of micromanipulation. The results confirm reliability in grasping and that the release is precluded by adhesive effects. Thus, different strategies were adopted to improve the efficiency in the release of stuck components without negatively affecting the accuracy nor the repeatability of the positioning. Originality/value – This work provided a flexible and reconfigurable architecture devoted to the automatic manipulation of microcomponents, methodologies for the characterization of different vacuum microgrippers, and quantitative information about their performance, to date missing in literature.
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JIJI, G. WISELIN, HENRY SELVARAJ und G. EVELIN SUJI. „SUPERVISED CLASSIFICATION OF WHITE BLOOD CELLS BY FUSION OF COLOR TEXTURE FEATURES AND NEURAL NETWORK“. International Journal of Computational Intelligence and Applications 10, Nr. 04 (Dezember 2011): 471–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1469026811003197.
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Nucleus segmentation is one of important steps in the automatic white blood cell differential counting. In this paper, we proposed a technique to segment images of the nucleus. We analyze a set of white-blood-cell-nucleus-based features using color fuzzy texture spectrum (Base 5). We applied artificial neural network for classification. We compared the results with moment based features. The classification performances are evaluated by class wise classification rates. The results show that the features using nucleus alone could be utilized to achieve a classification rate of 99.05% on the test sets.
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Dang, Thai Viet, Si Thong Dinh und Xuan Toi Bui. „Investigation and Optimization of Power Based Smart Home Module Integrated with Automatic Solar Tracking System and MPPT Technique“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 889 (März 2019): 526–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.889.526.
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Currently, the world has a lot of research and practical application of intelligent building systems integrated with intelligent power systems. Because Vietnam is a country with potential for solar energy, the integrator of solar energy is being strongly developed. However, the research result of the optimization of electrical energy used by the intelligent type solar integration is rare. This paper presents the design and structure of the module of intelligent control and monitoring via wireless network integrated with the automatic solar concentration system. The system allows easy connection and operation of all electrical power sources including the dispersal solar power to ensure the efficient and lower power consumption. In addition, the solar cell system is applied the Maximum Power Point Tracking technique (MPPT), which helps to stabilize and improve the power generation efficiency of the PV panels. The test results on the module showed absorption performance of automatic solar-cell flat plate systems is raised by 20-30% and power consumption in small households reduced approximately 30%.
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Zheng, Hong Wu, Shu Zhong Lin und Lin Jiang Chang. „The Innovative Design and Reliability Research for Automatic Tray Filling Machine of Li/MnO2 Button Cell Battery“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 373-375 (August 2013): 2049–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.373-375.2049.
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The principle conceptual design of the automatic tray filling machine of Li/MnO2 button cell battery and its control system are analyzed in the work. According to the the needs of production process putting the cell battery into the plate, it makes structure design and modeling simulation, completes electrical system design and program control design, relys on the Single chip microcomputer (MCU) system to achieve the human-computer interaction. In addition, this work verifies the feasibility and safety through the ANSYS modal analysis. After running the test more than a year, the product can well meet the production requirements.
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Alsayed, Abdallah, Raja Kamil, Hafiz Ramli und Azizan As’arry. „An Automated Data Acquisition System for Pinch Grip Assessment Based on Fugl Meyer Protocol: A Feasibility Study“. Applied Sciences 10, Nr. 10 (15.05.2020): 3436. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10103436.
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The Upper Extremity Fugl Meyer Assessment (UE-FMA) is the most comprehensive assessment for pinch impairment after stroke. The pinch test of UE-FMA is manually performed by pulling a pincer object away from the patient’s fingers while providing a visual observation that results in a subjective assessment. In this study, an automated data acquisition system that consists of a linear electric actuator applying automatic pulling to the customized pincer object held by the volunteer was developed. The pinch force was measured such that a strain gauge was placed on the pincer object while pulling force was measured using pulling force load cell connected in between the linear electric actuator and customized pincer object. The pincer object’s slip onset was detected using a displacement slip sensor. The mean pinch and pulling force values at the slip onset were 12.17 and 6.25 N for right hands, while mean pinch and pulling force values were 11.67 and 5.92 N for left hands of 50 healthy volunteers, respectively. Based on the paired t-test, there is no significant difference between right and left hands. The automated data acquisition system can objectively apply a pulling force, detect the slip onset, and measure the pinch and pulling forces.
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Wei, Xudong, und Yiping Cao. „Automatic counting method for complex overlapping erythrocytes based on seed prediction in microscopic imaging“. Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 09, Nr. 05 (18.07.2016): 1650016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793545816500164.
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Blood cell counting is an important medical test to help medical staffs diagnose various symptoms and diseases. An automatic segmentation of complex overlapping erythrocytes based on seed prediction in microscopic imaging is proposed. The four main innovations of this research are as follows: (1) Regions of erythrocytes extracted rapidly and accurately based on the G component. (2) K-means algorithm is applied on edge detection of overlapping erythrocytes. (3) Traces of erythrocytes’ biconcave shape are utilized to predict erythrocyte’s position in overlapping clusters. (4) A new automatic counting method which aims at complex overlapping erythrocytes is presented. The experimental results show that the proposed method is efficient and accurate with very little running time. The average accuracy of the proposed method reaches 97.0%.
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Kovacik, Anton, Eva Tvrda, Diana Fulopova, Peter Cupka, Eva Kovacikova, Katarina Zbynovska und Peter Massanyi. „In Vitro Assessment of Gentamicin Cytotoxicity on the Selected Mammalian Cell Line (Vero cells)“. Advanced Research in Life Sciences 1, Nr. 1 (20.12.2017): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/arls-2017-0018.
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Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro cytotoxicity of different concentrations (500-7500 μg/mL) of gentamicin - GENT (aminoglycoside antibiotic) on the selected mammalian cell line (Vero - cell line from African green monkey kidney). Analysis of the cell morphological changes was microscopically evaluated (magnification × 400). Quantification of Ca, Mg and total proteins was performed using spectrophotometry on device Rx Monza (Randox). Quantification of Na, K and Cl was performed on the automatic analyzer EasyLyte. The cell viability was assessed using the metabolic mitochondrial MTT test. Vero cells were able to survive at concentrations of 500 (89.21 %), 1000 (79.54 %) and 2000 μg/mL (34.59 %). We observed statistically significant decrease of vital cell content at concentrations of 2000, 4500, 7500 μg/mL against control group. Vero cell line slightly reacted to the presence of GENT but total proteins and mineral parameters were not significantly affected. Vero cells were highly sensitive to GENT with a significant decrease of viability at concentrations of 2000 and 4500 μg/mL (P < 0.001). Our data reveal that GENT has a significant cytotoxic and adverse effect on the cell viability.
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Yoon, Hyun Joong, und Junjae Chae. „Simulation Study for Semiconductor Manufacturing System: Dispatching Policies for a Wafer Test Facility“. Sustainability 11, Nr. 4 (20.02.2019): 1119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11041119.
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The manufacture of semiconductor products requires many dedicated steps, and these steps can be grouped into several major phases. One of the major steps found at the end of the wafer fabrication process is the electrical die sorting (EDS) test operation. This paper focuses on dispatching policies in an EDS test facility to reduce unnecessary work for the system. This allows the semiconductor manufacturing facility to achieve better overall efficiency, thereby contributing to sustainable manufacturing by reducing material movements, the use of testing machines, energy consumption, and so on. In the facility, wafer lots are processed on a series of workstations (cells), and the facility holds identical parallel machines. The wafers are moved by an automatic material handling system from cell to cell as well as within cells. We propose several scheduling policies consisting of intercell and intracell material movements for efficient system operation. For this, four intercell scheduling policies and two intracell scheduling policies are introduced, and the effects of combinations are tested and evaluated through simulation experiments to obtain performance measures such as cycle time and work in process. The most efficient results among the combinations are presented as a proposed scheduling policy for a given EDS test facility.
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Rama Denny, Yus, Endi Permata, Adhitya Trenggono und Vaka Gustiono. „IoT and transparent solar cell based automated green house monitoring system for tomato plant cultivation“. Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 22, Nr. 1 (01.04.2021): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v22.i1.pp18-27.
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This study aimed to develop and test the feasibility of a smart greenhouse prototype media that is used as a planting medium with an automatic watering system. The method in this study was research and development using the waterfall model. In order to test the feasibility, the prototype was validated with material expert validators, media expert, and farmers. The questionnaire instrument was compiled based on Walker and Hess instrument. The results of the research found are as follows: the results of feasibility research by media experts has an average score of 4.35 with the category "very feasible", assessment by experts the material has an average score of 4.4 with the category "very feasible", and the assessment of the user has an average score of 4.06 with "feasible". The purposed controlled system of smart greenhouse and as a media for farmers was validated. Our results demonstrated that the smart greenhouse is suitable media to help farmers cultivating the tomatoes plant.
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Sommer, Sylwester, Iwona Buraczewska, Katarzyna Sikorska, Teresa Bartłomiejczyk, Irena Szumiel und Marcin Kruszewski. „The rapid interphase chromosome assay (RICA) implementation: comparison with other PCC methods“. Nukleonika 60, Nr. 4 (01.12.2015): 933–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nuka-2015-0147.
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Abstract A report is presented on the advantages of the rapid interphase chromosome assay (RICA) and the difficulties that may be met while implementing this method for application in biological dosimetry. The RICA test can be applied on unstimulated human lymphocytes; this is an advantage in comparison with the dicentric chromosomes or micronucleus tests. In the former two tests, stimulated lymphocytes are examined and hence, 48 h more are needed to obtain cells traversing the cell cycle. Due to the use of unstimulated nondividing cells, higher numbers of cells are available for RICA analysis than for dicentric chromosomes or micronuclei tests. Moreover, the method can be applied after exposure to ionizing radiation doses in excess of 5 Gy. Such doses cause a significant cell cycle delay or result in the loss of G2 phase and mitotic cells because of apoptosis. Therefore, the traditional biodosimetry based on the evaluation of the incidence of damage to chromosomes is very difficult to carry out. This is due to the lack of an adequate number of mitotic cells for analysis. RICA is free of this disadvantage. An automatic microscope can be used to retrieve cell images; automatic image analysis can also be used.
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Darmayani, Satya, Fonnie E. Hasan und Devi Ekafitria A. „PERBEDAAN HASIL PEMERIKSAAN JUMLAH LEUKOSIT ANTARA METODE MANUAL IMPROVED NEUBAUER DENGAN METODE AUTOMATIC HEMATOLOGY ANALYZER“. Jurnal Kesehatan Manarang 2, Nr. 2 (03.01.2018): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.33490/jkm.v2i2.18.
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Leucocytes are nucleated cells in the blood that can be divided into 5 types. Every cell can be calculated its percentage in the blood by doing types calculation and can be distinguished by the size of the core form, color of granules and cytoplasm inside. This study aimed to determine the results of the difference calculation of leukocytes count examination between Manual Method (Improved Neubauer) and Automatic Hematology Analyzer Method in outpatients at the General Hospital of Kendari. Samples of this study were 30 people taken by accidental sampling. The results of the study with 30 samples using manual method (Improved Neubauer), 25 patients (83.4%) had normal leukocyte and 5 patients (16.6%) had abnormal, and examination using Automatic Hematology Analyzer Method showed 22 patients (73.4%) had normal leukocyte and 8 patients (26.6%) had abnormal. Based on paired test of samples obtained p value = 0, 000, so it can be concluded that there is significant difference between count examination of leukocytes using Manual Method with Improved Neubauer and Automatic Hematology Analyzer Method.
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Pestka, Aurelia, Thomas W. P. Friedl, Leonie Majunke, Bernadette Jaeger, Ulrich Andergassen, Julia Katharina Neugebauer, Julia Kathrin Jueckstock et al. „Biomarq: A novel approach to automated HER2-analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs).“ Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, Nr. 15_suppl (20.05.2013): 638. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.638.
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638 Background: Targeted treatment approaches directed against CTCs might improve the outcome of metastatic breast cancer patients. Accurate and reproducible assessment of the CTC phenotype is a requirement to use CTCs as treatment targets. The aim of this study was to test the suitability of the automated BioMarQ System (Veridex, USA) – an enhancement of the FDA-approved CellSearch System (Veridex USA) for CTC detection– for assessing the Her2-status of CTCs based on fluorescence and cell-morphology data. Methods: Data on classification of the Her2-status into four groups (0, +, ++, +++) obtained by visual inspection of CTCs after immunocytochemical staining with the CellSearch System, and of BioMarQ-generated automatic measures on fluorescence and cell morphology via image clips generated from raw images were available for 329 CTCs from 17 metastatic breast cancer patients. A discriminant analysis was performed to test whether linear combinations of the fluorescence and/or cell morphology measures allow a separation of CTCs into four groups according to the visual classification of their Her2-status. Results: The highest concordance with the visual classification was obtained by a set of three discriminant functions based on the five variables mean-, maximum- and integrated fluorescence intensity, cell area (µm2), and coefficient of variation for the pixel fluorescence values within a cell. All five variables differed significantly among the 17 patients (Kruskal-Wallis-test, all p < 0.001). Based on the three discriminant functions, 74.5% of all cases were correctly assigned to the four visually obtained categories (6 out of 8 CTCs classified as +++; 57 out of 80 as ++; 17 out of 65 as +, 165 out of 176 classified as 0). Conclusions: Our preliminary analysis shows that discriminant functions derived from measures on fluorescence and cell morphology generated by BioMarQ correctly assigned the Her2-status of CTCs to the four visually obtained categories in 75% of all cases. Further analysis based on a larger number of Her2-positive CTCs, and cross validation by FISH-analysis will provide deeper insight into the suitability of BioMarQ for objectively assessing the Her2-status of CTCs.
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Zuo, Zhaorui, Kun Wang, Libin Gao, Vincent Ho, Hongju Mao und Dahong Qian. „A Novel Mass-Producible Capacitive Sensor with Fully Symmetric 3D Structure and Microfluidics for Cells Detection“. Sensors 19, Nr. 2 (15.01.2019): 325. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19020325.
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Affinity biosensors of interdigitated electrodes have been widely used in cell detection. This research presents a mass-producible and disposable three-dimensional (3D) structure capacitive sensor based on the integrated circuit package lead frames for cell concentration detection. The fully symmetric 3D interdigital electrode structure makes the sensor more homogeneous and sensitive. (3-Aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES) and glutaraldehyde are immobilized onto gold-plated electrodes. By overlaying the microfluidic channels on top, the volume of the solution is kept constant to obtain repeatable measured capacitance values. Moreover, using the upgraded reading and writing functions and circular measurement of the E4980A Data Transfer Program, an automatic multigroup test system is developed. It is shown that the cell concentration and capacitance are inversely correlated, and the cell concentration range of 103–106 CFU∙mL−1 is achieved. In addition, the rate of capacitance change matches that of state-of-the-art biosensors reported. A program is developed to find the optimal voltage and frequency for linear fitting between the capacitance change and cell concentration. Future work will employ machine learning-based data analysis to drug resistance sensitivity test of cell lines and cell survival status.
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Boiadjiev, George, Ivan Chavdarov, Kamen Delchev, Tony Boiadjiev, Rumen Kastelov und Kazimir Zagurki. „Development of Hand-Held Surgical Robot ODRO-2 for Automatic Bone Drilling“. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics 47, Nr. 4 (01.12.2017): 12–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jtam-2017-0017.
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Abstract This paper represents the development of a prototype robotic system for automatic bone drilling in orthopaedic surgery. A new design of the mechanical structure is proposed, answering the surgical requirements for the robot dimensions and weight to be as small as possible. The new structure design is based on idea of parallelism of the axis of the linear actuator and the axis of the rotary one. The control system is improved by using a new micro-controller. A new type of linear drive and a new force sensor (load cell) are built in, so that the quality characteristics of the “Orthopaedic bone Drilling Robot” (ODRO) are not only the same as previous its two versions, but becomes better. An experimental setup is arranged and experiments are executed to test and to verify the robot quality features and functional capabilities.
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Domanskyi, Sergii, Alex Hakansson, Thomas J. Bertus, Giovanni Paternostro und Carlo Piermarocchi. „Digital Cell Sorter (DCS): a cell type identification, anomaly detection, and Hopfield landscapes toolkit for single-cell transcriptomics“. PeerJ 9 (13.01.2021): e10670. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10670.
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Motivation Analysis of singe cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) typically consists of different steps including quality control, batch correction, clustering, cell identification and characterization, and visualization. The amount of scRNA-seq data is growing extremely fast, and novel algorithmic approaches improving these steps are key to extract more biological information. Here, we introduce: (i) two methods for automatic cell type identification (i.e., without expert curator) based on a voting algorithm and a Hopfield classifier, (ii) a method for cell anomaly quantification based on isolation forest, and (iii) a tool for the visualization of cell phenotypic landscapes based on Hopfield energy-like functions. These new approaches are integrated in a software platform that includes many other state-of-the-art methodologies and provides a self-contained toolkit for scRNA-seq analysis. Results We present a suite of software elements for the analysis of scRNA-seq data. This Python-based open source software, Digital Cell Sorter (DCS), consists in an extensive toolkit of methods for scRNA-seq analysis. We illustrate the capability of the software using data from large datasets of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), as well as plasma cells of bone marrow samples from healthy donors and multiple myeloma patients. We test the novel algorithms by evaluating their ability to deconvolve cell mixtures and detect small numbers of anomalous cells in PBMC data. Availability The DCS toolkit is available for download and installation through the Python Package Index (PyPI). The software can be deployed using the Python import function following installation. Source code is also available for download on Zenodo: DOI 10.5281/zenodo.2533377. Supplementary information Supplemental Materials are available at PeerJ online.
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Dawn Parente, Jacquelyn, Adchiya Dhamodharan, Sabine Hensler, Claudia Kuhlbach, Margareta M. Mueller und Knut Möller. „Automatic image analysis system to measure wound area in vitro“. Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering 5, Nr. 1 (01.09.2019): 421–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cdbme-2019-0106.
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AbstractIn-vitro wound area measurement tracks the rate of wound healing. This project develops and validates an automatic image analysis system to calculate wound area from digital images of an in-vitro 3D tissue model wounded with a biopsy punch. The algorithms were evaluated for repeatability, reliability, and reproducibility, and validated against a known area. Repeatability was checked through repeated measurements under repeated conditions. Reproducibility was evaluated using a Bland Altman plot and paired t-test. Reliability was validated using an image of a known pixel area as a control. The validated image analysis system then calculated wound area from the digital camera and microscope images obtained from an in vitro photo biomodulation treatment experiment. A total of 48 wounded tissues were grouped into red and blue light treatment groups and untreated controls. All daily images were fed into the image analysis system to calculate wound area. The wound area (normalized by day 0) is plotted along the 2-week treatment experiment period to observe wound area in time. The normalised wound area plotted across treatment days show no change in wound area during the treatment period. Future work will adapt the imaging system for visualizing the reepithelialisation cell front marked by live dyes.
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Wang, Min, Fengtao You, Xingbing Wang, Bingzong Li, Hanying Xu, Yu Wang, Guifang Pan et al. „Automation Platform for CAR-T Manufacturing: The Benefits and the Clinical Outcomes“. Blood 134, Supplement_1 (13.11.2019): 1960. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-123656.
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Background The development of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has shown tremendous success in the past decade. Since the first two autologous CD19-targeting CAR-T treatments, Kymriah and Yescarta, were approved by the FDA, the research activities in this field are being significantly increased. However, the scientific and clinical efforts have been extensively focused on developing novel CAR-T treatments with better tumour control or reduced on-target off tumor cytotoxicity. The importance of CAR-T manufacturing optimization has been relatively underestimated. It has been reported by FDA that Kymriah has about 9 % of manufacturing failure rate. This failure could directly affect the survival of some patients. Accordingly, some of the patients were forced to received out-of-spec product, because of the limited time window for another manufacturing attempt. The goal of this study is to examine if the qualities and consistency of the CAR-T products could be improved by an automatic manufacturing process. Methods Major CAR-T manufacturing variabilities resulted from the manual processing steps. To address the issues, we have adapted CliniMACS Prodigy (Miltenyi Biotec, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany), an all-in-one, automatic and closed system for cell processing, for our CAR-T manufacturing. In this study, we have compared the differences of CAR-T product from manual and automated processes, including the cell viability, transduction efficiency, and cell subset distribution. The in vitro cytotoxic effects of CAR-T cells made manually and automatically were also conducted by incubating the CAR-T cells with Raji cells at effector to target ratio (E:T) from 3:1 to 1:3. In order to test the inter-Prodigy variability, we applied the PBMC sample from one individual patient into two devices, and compared the quality indexes for the final products. Finally, we have performed a POC (proof of concept) CD19-CAR-T trials, and 3 patients who received CD19-CAR-T cells manufactured by CliniMACS Prodigy were evaluated. Results The comparisons between CAR-T cells from two manufacturing processes (n=6) suggested that the CAR-T cells made by Prodigy had significantly greater cell viability (Fig. 1a), higher transduction efficiency (Fig. 1b), and lower variations of cell subset distribution (Fig. 1c). It also showed that the Prodigy-made CAR-T cells had statistically higher in vitro cytotoxicity against Raji cells (Fig. 1d), possibly benefited from its higher transduction efficiency of CD19-CAR. The result of inter-Prodigy comparisons (Fig. 2), including final quality control indexes and the percentage of cell subset of the intermediate and final products, were almost identical. Since January 2018, 30 patients (one MCL, four DLBCL, and 25 B-ALL) have been treated with our FMC63-based or humanized FMC63-based CD19-CAR-T cells (Fig. 3). Among these patients, 28/30 (93.3%) cases achieved MRD-negative completed remission (CR), and two cases reached partial remission (PR) after receiving CAR-T infusion. All of the three patients who received automated-manufactured CAR-T cells (Fig 3, highlighted in yellow) have achieved CR in less than 20 days and have no sign of relapse until last follow-up date. Conclusions Compared to traditional small molecule drugs or biologics, the manufacturing successful rate for autologous CAR-T cells is much more critical because each failure could be live-threatening. Our comparison studies have proved that the automated process exhibited improved qualities and consistencies of CAR-T products. Moreover, automatic process will not only increase the manufacturing stability, but significantly reduce the dependency on qualified technicians or scientists, which will greatly prompt the commercialization of CAR-T cell products. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Yang, Fan, Gang Zhou, Fei Su, Xinkai Zuo, Lei Tang, Yifan Liang, Haihong Zhu und Lin Li. „Automatic Indoor Reconstruction from Point Clouds in Multi-room Environments with Curved Walls“. Sensors 19, Nr. 17 (02.09.2019): 3798. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19173798.
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Recent developments in laser scanning systems have inspired substantial interest in indoor modeling. Semantically rich indoor models are required in many fields. Despite the rapid development of 3D indoor reconstruction methods for building interiors from point clouds, the indoor reconstruction of multi-room environments with curved walls is still not resolved. This study proposed a novel straight and curved line tracking method followed by a straight line test. Robust parameters are used, and a novel straight line regularization method is achieved using constrained least squares. The method constructs a cell complex with both straight lines and curved lines, and the indoor reconstruction is transformed into a labeling problem that is solved based on a novel Markov Random Field formulation. The optimal labeling is found by minimizing an energy function by applying a minimum graph cut approach. Detailed experiments were conducted, and the results indicate that the proposed method is well suited for 3D indoor modeling in multi-room indoor environments with curved walls.
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Al-batah, Mohammad Subhi. „Ranked Features Selection with MSBRG Algorithm and Rules Classifiers for Cervical Cancer“. International Journal of Online and Biomedical Engineering (iJOE) 15, Nr. 12 (23.08.2019): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v15i12.10803.
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<p class="0abstract">In this paper, an automatic three-phase cervical cancer diagnosis system is employed which includes feature extraction, feature selection followed by classification. Firstly, the modified seed-based region growing (MSBRG) algorithm is implemented for automatic segmentation and feature extraction using 500 cervical cancer cells. Processes to obtain the threshold values and the initial seed location are carried out automatically using moving k-mean (MKM) algorithm and invariant moment techniques. Secondly, eight attribute evaluators are applied for selecting and ranking the features, which are Correlation-based Feature Selection, Classifier Attribute Evaluator, Correlation Attribute Evaluator, Gain Ratio, Info Gain, OneR, ReliefF, and Symmetrical Uncertainty. Finally, the classification is compared based on five classifiers: Decision Table, JRip, OneR, PART, and ZeroR. The performance of the classifiers is evaluated using 3 test options: the training percentage splits (50% to 98%), the full training data and the cross validation (2-fold to 10-fold). The experimental results prove the capability of the MSBRG algorithm as an automatic feature extraction method. Furthermore, this paper proves the ability of the ranked feature selection methods to select important features of a cervical cell, and favors the Decision Table as the best classifier for cervical cancer classification.</p>