Zeitschriftenartikel: „Automatic central lubrication system“

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Czarny, Ryszard. „THE EFFECT OF THE TYPE OF WALL MATERIAL AND GREASE COMPOSITION PAIRING ON SHEAR STRESSES IN BOUNDARY LAYER“. Tribologia 284, Nr. 2 (30.04.2019): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.4146.

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The paper presents the results of research on the influence of fillers introduced into plastic greases on the rheological properties of the boundary layer of the resultant lubricant compositions. The fillers were PTFE and MoS2 powders. They are added to lubricants to improve their tribological properties; however, these fillers also affect the rheological properties of the composition. This affects the change of the shear stress value in the lubricant during its flow in the lubrication system. Knowledge of this value, especially during the flow of the lubricant composition in the boundary layer, has a significant impact on the operation of automated central lubrication systems in which these compositions can be used. Measurements were carried out by means of a rotary rheometer (Rheotest 2.1). Tests were performed on lithium and bentonite greases (without additives) as well as compositions of these greases containing various percentage of the fillers mentioned above. Test results showed that both the type of grease and the type of filler introduced into this grease affect the rheological properties in the boundary layer of the produced lubricating compositions.

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CZARNY, Ryszard. „INFLUENCE OF FILLERS ON THE RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF THEIR COMPOSITIONS WITH LUBRICATING GREASES“. Tribologia 273, Nr. 3 (30.04.2018): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.6120.

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The paper presents the results of studies on the influence of fillers, introduced into lubricating greases, on the rheological properties of resultant grease compositions. These fillers were graphite and PTFE powders. They are added to greases in order to improve their tribological properties. They also affect their rheological properties, and they mainly change the value of the shear stress in grease during its flow in a lubrication system. Knowledge of this value is important in designing automated central lubrication systems in which these compositions may be used. Measurements during experimental tests were performed by means of a rotary rheometer Rheotest 2.1. Tests were performed on pure lithium and bentonite greases, with the addition of oxidation and corrosion inhibitors as well as compositions of these greases with different shares of the above mentioned fillers. These tests were performed by changing the gradient of shearing rate. Test results have shown that both the kind of grease and the kind of filler introduced into this grease affect the rheological properties of produced grease compositions.

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Suresh, Chougule Siddharth, Chandrakant Dattatray Navale und Prof Shambhu Kumar. „Semi Automatic Pneumatic Gear box & Lubrication System“. IARJSET 5, Nr. 12 (30.12.2018): 21–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17148/iarjset.2018.5124.

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4

Rathi, K. „Automatic Central Air Inflation System“. IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering 17, Nr. 10 (März 2017): 01–03. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/1684-17010060103.

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5

Lee, Sang Hyeop, Man Ho Kim, Suk Lee und Kyung Chang Lee. „Automatic Lubrication System for Minimizing Friction of Driving Parts for Large-Sized Commercial Vehicle“. Advanced Materials Research 909 (März 2014): 198–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.909.198.

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One of the causes of malfunction of commercial vehicle is corrosion or wear. In order to prevent corrosion and wear, lubricants have to be supplied periodically. However, the period of lubrication usually depends on operator's judgment. If the period is too short, excess lubricant will cause pollution and unnecessary expenses, whereas long periodic supply of lubricant might cause wear, damage and eventual breakdown. Therefore, an automatic lubrication system with predetermined interval will reduce the excessive supply of lubricating oil and prevent wear and damage. This thesis presents an automatic lubrication system which consists of a lubricant pump and an embedded controller. An automatic lubrication operating algorithm is used to operate the lubricant pump and feedback the pressure status of the system using pressure sensors. The developed system shows an efficient periodic supply of lubricant.

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Zhang, Gui Rong. „Research on the Proper Use of Chassis Cetralized Stuffing Lubrication System“. Advanced Materials Research 443-444 (Januar 2012): 948–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.443-444.948.

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The automatic stuffing lubrication system can appropriately provide a fixed amount of high-voltage grease for each lubrication point according to the conditions under which a vehicle is operated, thus stuffing and lubricating vehicles while they are on the move and automatically monitoring the lubrication conditions during the entire process. The essay focus on not only the analysis of the working condition of chassis centralized stuffing lubrication system, the functions and proper use of controller ,sub-oil device ,lubrication pump , but also the analysis of the installation and testing methods of centralized grease lubrication system.

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Wan, Li Li, Guo Rong Wang und Jian Luo. „Design of Sintering Machine Lubrication System Based on PLC“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 539 (Juli 2014): 653–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.539.653.

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The design of Xinyang Iron and Steel Factorys sintering machine lubrication system based on Siemens S7-200 PLC is introduced in this paper. According to the characteristics of the lubrication system, and the current domestic situation of the lubrication system existing problems, corresponding control strategy is presented. Using automatic oil supply system instead of manual oil supply, not only improve the reliability and accuracy of the system control, but also improve the working efficiency.

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Sardhara, Trushal, und Ketan Tamboli. „Design and Development of Automatic Lubrication system for ATC of CNC“. Materials Today: Proceedings 5, Nr. 2 (2018): 3959–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2017.11.653.

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VAN DE WOUW, N., M. N. VAN DEN HEUVEL, H. NIJMEIJER und J. A. VAN ROOIJ. „PERFORMANCE OF AN AUTOMATIC BALL BALANCER WITH DRY FRICTION“. International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 15, Nr. 01 (Januar 2005): 65–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127405012016.

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In many industrial applications imbalance is a major cause for unwanted vibrations. One way to compensate for an unknown imbalance is the implementation of an automatic ball balancer. Oil-lubricated automatic ball balancers are applied in hand-held tools and washers. However, in applications such as optical drives fluid lubrication is highly undesirable since it may destroy the optical system upon leakage. Therefore, in this paper, the balancing performance of an automatic ball balancer without fluid lubrication is investigated. The absence of fluid lubrication gives rise to dry friction phenomena which cause the existence of equilibrium sets of the balls in the automatic ball balancer. A model of the system with dry friction, modeled by a set-valued force law, is built based on dedicated experiments. The resulting equilibrium sets and their dependency on system parameters are studied and the consequences for the balancing performance is assessed. Based on these results, it can be concluded that in parts of such equilibrium sets the balancing performance deteriorates when compared to the system without automatic ball balancer; in other words, the balancing performance is endangered by the presence of dry friction. This conclusion is supported by both numerical and experimental results.

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Kumar, Dr S. Senthil, Sathiyaprakash K und Vijay R. Sudharsan D. „Automatic Headlight Control with Central Locking System“. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-2, Issue-2 (28.02.2018): 70–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd8217.

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Kim, Man Ho, Sang Hyeop Lee, Suk Lee und Kyung Chang Lee. „Implementation of a Small Size Electric Automatic Lubrication System for Heavy Commercial Vehicle“. Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering 30, Nr. 10 (01.10.2013): 1041–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.7736/kspe.2013.30.10.1041.

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Zhang, Hai Bo, und Liang Liu. „How to Improve the Reliability of Wind Turbines“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 58-60 (Juni 2011): 771–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.58-60.771.

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According to the failure of wind turbines in operation, the failure cause and phenomenon of wind turbines is analyzed, combined with the reliability of wind turbine subsystems, measures aiming at cooperation parts and purchased parts are proposed, the reliability of the whole wind turbines is improved in a certain extent. At the same time, condition monitoring system can carry through the early detecting and diagnosing to potential component failure maintain. Besides, automatic lubrication system can realize accurate and timeliness lubrication, also can reduce maintenance workload, preserve correct lubrication and smooth running of all parts.

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Neville, A., A. Morina, T. Liskiewicz und Y. Yan. „Synovial joint lubrication — does nature teach more effective engineering lubrication strategies?“ Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 221, Nr. 10 (30.09.2007): 1223–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544062jmes724.

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Nature shows numerous examples of systems which show energy efficiency, elegance in their design and optimum use of materials. Biomimetics is an emerging field of research in engineering and successes have been documented in the diverse fields of robotics, mechanics, materials engineering, and many more. To date little biomimetics research has been directed towards tribology in terms of transferring technologies from biological systems into engineering applications. The potential for biomimicry has been recognized in terms of replicating natural lubricants but this system reviews the potential for mimicking the synovial joint as an efficient and durable tribological system for potential engineering systems. The use of materials and the integration of materials technology and fluid/surface interactions are central to the discussion.

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刘, 小林. „The Application of Automatic Lubrication Grouting System in Long-distance Pipe-jacking Tunnel Construction“. Journal of Oil and Gas Technology 40, Nr. 02 (2018): 93–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/jogt.2018.402031.

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Bai, Jin Yuan, Yong Xiong Chen, Jiang Bo Cheng, Xiu Bing Liang und Bin Shi Xu. „An Automatic High Velocity Arc Spraying System“. Key Engineering Materials 373-374 (März 2008): 89–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.373-374.89.

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A new automatic high velocity arc spraying system was developed. The system was consisted of five units, i.e. central control unit, operating machine, positioner, touching screen and high velocity arc spraying equipment. The central control unit is controlled by a program, controlling other four units. Spraying parameters could be input and modified on the touching screen during spraying. The moving of spraying gun was carried out by motion arm of the operating machine. The rotational velocity and angle of components to be sprayed was controlled by positioner. The spraying process for a cylinder body of automobile engine with the system was introduced in detail. The auto and manual arc spraying have been used to fabricate coating. The microstructure of the coatings prepared by the two spraying processing was analyzed. The result shows that the auto sprayed coating has a more uniform and compact structure than that of the manual sprayed coating.

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Syedhidayat, Shan, Quan Wang, Al-Hadad M. A. A. Mohsen und Jinrong Wang. „Choice and Exchange of Lubricating Oil for Injection Molding Machine“. Recent Patents on Mechanical Engineering 12, Nr. 4 (26.12.2019): 378–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2212797612666190730145515.

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Background: One of the most common manufacturing equipment for polymer product is injection molding machine. In order to ensure the precise, stable and continuous operation of the injection molding machine, the maintenance of the lubrication system must be done well. The stability, reliability, rationality and low noise performance of the lubrication system of injection molding machine directly affect the quality of injection products, dimensional accuracy, molding cycle, working environment and maintenance. Objective: The purpose of this study is to introduce the methods of choice, maintenance of lubricating oil for injection molding machine from many literatures and patents in the recent years, such as lubricating oil device, lubricating composite and structure. Methods: An example of the 260M5 automatic injection molding machine is introduced for the inspection and maintenance of the lubrication system including lubricating oil and lubricating grease. Results: To ensure the lubrication of the injection molding machine, it needs to strictly observe the lubrication time and modulus of the injection molding machine. It needs to strictly control the temperature rise of the lubricating oil and select the correct lubricating oil and grease to ensure the lubrication quality. Conclusion: In the operation of the injection molding machine, it is necessary to check that the lubricating oil is sufficient and the lubricating points are working properly. It ensures sufficient lubrication of the injection molding machine and strictly observes the lubrication time and modulus of the injection molding machine. The stored lubricating oil should be sealed well to prevent air pollution.

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Yamamoto, Toru, Hirofumi Hayama, Takao Hayashi und Taro Mori. „Automatic Energy-Saving Operations System Using Robotic Process Automation“. Energies 13, Nr. 9 (08.05.2020): 2342. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13092342.

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We have developed an energy-saving operations system featuring remote operation of central monitoring equipment installed in a building. This system applies robotic process automation to remote operation to automatically perform energy-saving operations on behalf of the operations manager. Furthermore, as another feature, the system requires only a local area network to connect to the central monitoring equipment enabling automatic operation to be performed regardless of the specifications of the central monitoring equipment. The items targeted for energy-saving operation by this system are the optimal operation of a heat source system, setting of the supply water temperature of heat source equipment, setting of room temperature, and setting of outside-air intake volume. At present, the operations manager has the role of performing these energy-saving operations, but finding the optimal value for each of these operations is a difficult task. An operations manager, moreover, is responsible for tasks other than facility operations such as maintenance management, so changing optimal settings accurately at regular intervals on an ongoing basis can be quite a burden. This system uses robotic process automation technology, so it is capable of performing all energy-saving operations that can be executed by the central monitoring equipment. We installed this system in a large-scale shopping mall and performed energy-saving operations on outside-air processing units. In this trial, we achieved a 44% reduction in the amount of energy required for outside-air processing and a 47% reduction in CO2 emissions.

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Wu, Zhi Qiang, und Jun Fang Zhao. „The Design of Plate Mills Hydraulic Lubricating and Monitoring System“. Advanced Materials Research 1006-1007 (August 2014): 643–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1006-1007.643.

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Plate mills hydraulic system is made up of several hydraulic stations, lubrication stations and grease stations, these hydraulic stations and lubrication stations are distributed around the mills. Each hydraulic station possesses qualities of successive long working time, high reliability and signal complexity, and it can satisfy diverse demands of high grade pressure or temperature control, etc. This paper is based on these demands, assembling control missions of hydraulic and lubricating stations. Several PLC S7-300 were chosen to match the need of controlling mills hydraulic and lubricating system for a certain plate factory, and the HMI monitoring system for mill hydraulic and lubricating stations was developed by WINCC, which achieved central control and monitoring the hydraulic and lubricating system of plate mills.

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Li, Feng, Feng Guo, Guan Gyuan Liu und Zhang Gang. „Design and Experiment Study on a New Type of Lubrication Simulation System for Thrust-Ball Bearing in Confined Space“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 873 (November 2017): 303–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.873.303.

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Many machine components work within an elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) regime. Unconfined space is widely used in EHL formulas for to evaluate film thickness, which is related to operating conditions and material properties. In classical theoretical EHL studies, film pressure matches the loading balance and the location of the lubricated components can be adjusted. In the present study, the lubrication performance is analyzed based on a confined space. A thrust ball bearing lubrication simulation system is designed and used to examine the relationship between velocity and film thickness. It was found that the central film thickness and minimum film thickness increased as entrainment velocity increased. Fluctuations in the film thickness curve were observed, which may have arisen from slight gap variations in the ball-plate contact area.

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Jiang, Yue-Min, Ho-Hsin Lee, Cheng-Chang Lien, Chun-Feng Tai, Pi-Chun Chu und Ting-Wei Yang. „Automatic Meal Inspection System Using LBP-HF Feature for Central Kitchen“. Signal & Image Processing : An International Journal 6, Nr. 1 (28.02.2015): 61–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/sipij.2015.6105.

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Zhu, Huan Li, und Xiang Li. „Study of Automatic Control System for Irrigation“. Advanced Materials Research 219-220 (März 2011): 1463–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.219-220.1463.

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This paper attempts to survey the compositions, functions and operation of an automatic control system for irrigation. By means of the application of technologies such as computer technology, telecommunication technology, autocontrol technology and modern agriculture technology, the automatic control system for irrigation can be realized. The system provides real-time monitoring for relevant parameters via sensors installed in field. All signals are delivered directly to a central controller through radio network. Based on the start and stop of pump unit and open and close of solenoid valve, the master computer can realize automatic irrigation and therefore provide a new water-saving equipment for the irrigation.

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Markovic, Natasa, Jovana Dzunic, Djordje Djordjevic und Günther Gruber. „System for central monitoring, control, data acquisition, and automatic regulation for ARWQM“. Facta universitatis - series: Architecture and Civil Engineering 5, Nr. 2 (2007): 95–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuace0702095m.

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This paper deals with construction of device for water quality monitoring on open water flows and connection of devices on individual river basins into central system for monitoring and supervision through GPRS modem. The device was tested on the WWTP (Waste Water Treatment Plant) in coal mine Citluk, Sokobanja, and laboratory of the Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture Nis.

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Vekteris, Vladas. „Lubrication of Mechatronical Metal Cutting Systems by Means of Technological Liquids“. Solid State Phenomena 113 (Juni 2006): 367–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.113.367.

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Lubrication and cooling of a high speed grinding process in the grinding machine as in a mechatronic system using technological liquids are analyzed in this paper. It is shown that in the case of high grinding speed, technological liquids undergo an aeration process and due to this their physical properties change. Reynolds equation, which estimates the aeration liquid, is derived. It is shown, that the application of such an equation is proper only in the finishing of grinding. Experimental research is also presented in the paper, which shows the influence of technological liquids to the temperature field of the grinding machine and to its automatic control.

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Pugi, L., R. Conti, A. Rindi und S. Rossin. „A Thermo-Hydraulic Tool for Automatic Virtual Hazop Evaluation“. Metrology and Measurement Systems 21, Nr. 4 (01.12.2014): 631–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mms-2014-0055.

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Abstract Development of complex lubrication systems in the Oil&Gas industry has reached high levels of competitiveness in terms of requested performances and reliability. In particular, the use of HazOp (acronym of Hazard and Operability) analysis represents a decisive factor to evaluate safety and reliability of plants. The HazOp analysis is a structured and systematic examination of a planned or existing operation in order to identify and evaluate problems that may represent risks to personnel or equipment. In particular, P&ID schemes (acronym of Piping and Instrument Diagram according to regulation in force ISO 14617) are used to evaluate the design of the plant in order to increase its safety and reliability in different operating conditions. The use of a simulation tool can drastically increase speed, efficiency and reliability of the design process. In this work, a tool, called TTH lib (acronym of Transient Thermal Hydraulic Library) for the 1-D simulation of thermal hydraulic plants is presented. The proposed tool is applied to the analysis of safety relevant components of compressor and pumping units, such as lubrication circuits. Opposed to the known commercial products, TTH lib has been customized in order to ease simulation of complex interactions with digital logic components and plant controllers including their sensors and measurement systems. In particular, the proposed tool is optimized for fixed step execution and fast prototyping of Real Time code both for testing and production purposes. TTH lib can be used as a standard SimScape-Simulink library of components optimized and specifically designed in accordance with the P&ID definitions. Finally, an automatic code generation procedure has been developed, so TTH simulation models can be directly assembled from the P&ID schemes and technical documentation including detailed informations of sensor and measurement system.

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Yakovlev, А. А., S. V. Shostenko, S. N. Borisko und S. G. Postupaeva. „The Development of a Feeding Device for a Cooling Lubricant Technological Tool with Automatic Temperature Control System“. Proceedings of Higher Educational Institutions. Маchine Building, Nr. 8 (713) (August 2019): 34–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/0536-1044-2019-8-34-44.

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The article presents a feeding device designed for a cooling lubricant technological tool and an automatic control system for controlling the temperature mode of parts when milling. The device implements a new method of separate cooling and lubrication of the cutting area with sprayed liquid and ionized gas. To develop the device, an engineering-physical search design method is used, which makes it possible to obtain a set of possible options of technical solutions for the desired device and determine the most promising options for the design implementation. The method is based on constructing a model of the physical principle of operation using application software. The design of the new device is developed, mathematical modeling is performed, and the parameters of the transfer function of the automatic temperature control system are calculated. The proposed device can increase the efficiency of machining when milling workpieces and make a significant improvement to working conditions by reducing the content of harmful impurities in the air.

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Li, Feng, Yi Chang Wang und Lang Zhou. „An Automatic Control Method for Central Heating of Public Buildings“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 241-244 (Dezember 2012): 3249–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.241-244.3249.

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Our current thermal management in public buildings still remains in the stage of extensive management, which leads to the difficulty in guiding a heat-user to cultivate the awareness of energy conservation. As a result, a large quantity of heat is wasted. Therefore this article introduces a thermal control mechanism based on strategies, and proposes a design of zigbee-based wireless temperature collecting method to collect temperature in the heating field. On the basis of these techniques, an automatic control system for the heating of public buildings is achieved. The system fits the users’ heat use habits and is easy to operate, so that it can guide the heat users’ awareness of energy conservation and reduce energy waste.

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Azim, Md Reya Shad, Khizir Mahmud und C. K. Das. „Automatic Train Track Switching System with Computerized Control from the Central Monitoring Unit“. International Journal of u- and e-Service, Science and Technology 7, Nr. 1 (28.02.2014): 201–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ijunesst.2014.7.1.18.

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Mak, Chin Long, und H. S. L. Fan. „Enhancement of Automatic Incident Detection Algorithms for Singapore's Central Expressway“. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1923, Nr. 1 (Januar 2005): 144–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105192300116.

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Timely detection of accidents, vehicle breakdowns, and events that obstruct normal traffic flow is critical to successful implementation of an incident management system in combating traffic congestion along expressways. The purpose of this study is to enhance the performance of existing expressway automatic incident detection algorithms in detecting lane-blocking incidents. In this study, a video-based vehicle detector system was used along the Central Expressway (CTE) in Singapore to collect 160 incidents. Two main tasks were carried out with the CTE incident database to investigate factors that influence incident detection performance and to investigate the use of these findings to enhance existing CTE-calibrated incident detection algorithms. Results indicated that the inclusion of preincident traffic flow or occupancy conditions and the use of traffic speed together with occupancy in an algorithm would yield enhanced detection performance. Of the algorithms studied, the dual variable algorithm, which uses traffic speed and occupancy, can consistently give the best detection performance. From an efficiency perspective, there were no significant changes in time lag in the detection of an incident. A comparative evaluation suggested that the occupancy-based algorithms were generally more effective than the flow-based algorithms in detecting incidents.

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Dworzak, Łukasz, Marek Hawryluk und Marta Janik. „The Impact of the Lubricant Dose on the Reduction of Wear Dies Used in the Forging Process of the Valve Forging“. Materials 14, Nr. 1 (04.01.2021): 212. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14010212.

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The paper presents the results of research on the influence of the settings of lubrication and cooling system parameters (solenoid valve opening time and lubricant feed pressure in terms of its quantity) in order to select the optimal lubricating conditions and thus reduce the wear of the dies used in the first forging operation of the valve forging made of high-nickel steel. Based on the observation of lubrication in the industrial process, it was found that a significant part of the lubricant fails to reach the die cavity, reaching the outside of it, which causes die wear due to seizure resulting from adhesion of the forging material to the tool surface as well as high lubricant consumption and dirt in the press chamber. The authors proposed their own mobile lubricating and cooling system, which allows for a wide range of adjustments and provided with automatic cleaning procedures of the entire system, unlike the fixed lubrication system used so far in the industrial process. First, tests were carried out in laboratory conditions to determine the highest wettability and the lubricant remaining inside the tool cavity. These tests determined the lubrication system parameter settings that ensured that the greatest amount of lubricant remains in the cold die cavity without the forging process. Then, to verify the obtained results, tests were carried out in the industrial process of hot die forging of valve forgings for short production runs of up to 500 forgings. The results were compared with the measurement of changes in the geometry of tools and forgings based on 3D scanning and surface topography analysis with the use of SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope). For the best results (the variant of the setting of the dose and the time of exposure to lubricant), the forging process was carried out with the use of a new tool up to the maximum service life.

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Guo, Sheng Hui, Xue Li Zhu, Shu Xian Zhu und Yong Jun Zhu. „The Design of Automatic Testing System of the Central Air-Conditioning Terminal Temperature Based on the Wireless Communication Mode“. Advanced Materials Research 562-564 (August 2012): 1218–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.562-564.1218.

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Building energy research has been focused on the study of improving the efficiency of equipment operation and operating control mode, rather than the management of central air conditioning system terminal. In fact, large amounts of energy can be conserved through that study. And terminal temperature of the central air conditioning with automatic detection is necessary to fulfill the energy-saving with the management of central air conditioning system terminal. An automatic terminal temperature detection of central air conditioning system based on wireless communication mode has been designed. It can transfer data to the monitoring center to provide reference data to fulfill the energy-saving.

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Park, Jin-Hyeong, und Hyeong-Soon Moon. „Advanced Automatic Welding System for Offshore Pipeline System with Seam Tracking Function“. Applied Sciences 10, Nr. 1 (01.01.2020): 324. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10010324.

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Automatic welding technology is a solution to increase welding productivity and improve welding quality in offshore pipe welding. To increase welding productivity, it is necessary to save time during the assembly/disassembly of the guide track from the welding carriage and pipe to move the next station. The guide track consists of a pneumatic system that does not separate the welding carriage, and two welding carriages operate on a half-pipe joint to increase productivity. These welding carriages automatically operate under the controller command. An automatic welding system consists of a DC motor module, a step motor module, a welding control module, a welding monitoring module, and a central control module. The control systems incorporate control modules and transmit commands to each module for an automatic welding system. In order to minimize the inevitable misalignment between the centerline of the welding seam and the welding torch for each welding pass, a moving average algorithm for seam tracking is proposed, which was proven to be suitable for the root pass, filling pass, and cap pass. Welding experiments were also carried out to verify the validity of the weld seam tracking system.

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Wada, Juro, Tsunekazu Hino, Hideki Kaizuka und Wolfgang R. Ade. „Automatic regulation of the cardiopulmonary bypass“. Perfusion 1, Nr. 2 (Juli 1986): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026765918600100206.

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We devised a new method and system for the automatic regulation of cardiopulmonary bypass. The system is planned so that it is regulated according to the alteration of venous pressure which is a reflection of venous return in total cardiopulmonary bypass. After many experimental studies, we have used this system in four clinical cases of cardiac surgery. The system functioned sufficiently well in the clinical cases. Under the control of this system, the central venous pressure was kept at a preset level and changed cyclically in the same manner as the respiratory change through the entire cardiopulmonary bypass period. A constant and adequate venous return through the entire cardiopulmonary bypass period was assumed to be the most important factor for the venous return-triggered pump oxygenator.

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Qin, Shao Bing, Sa Sa Zhang, Gao Feng Ren, Cong Rui Zhang und Jian Feng Zhang. „Research on Automatic Remote Monitoring System for the Ventilation System in Jinshandian Mine“. Advanced Materials Research 850-851 (Dezember 2013): 648–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.850-851.648.

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Taking the ventilation system of Jinshandian Iron Mine as the background of this research, the author proposed and designed an automatic remote monitoring system of mine ventilation based on PLC and LabView in the essay. As various sensors and PLC are set in the mine, the system is able to achieve real-time monitoring and display towards the working state and working environment parameters for the fans and motors in the mine. With intelligent analytical technologies, the system will optimally regulate the start-up and shut-down or running frequency of all fans according to the change of personnel, equipment and working environment parameters, and play a role in dynamic display, early warning and remote control for the mine ventilation system. Practice has proved that the application of the system in the production of Jinshandian Iron Mine has successfully protected the staff and equipment, realized the remote central monitoring and controlling for the production, improved the automatic management for mining enterprises, and reduced the cost for ventilation.

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Huo, Junzhou, Jianjun Zhou, Tao Li, Zhichao Meng und Wei Sun. „Thermal EHL Characteristics Investigation on Axle Box Bearings of Railway Vehicle Based on Slicing Method“. Shock and Vibration 2019 (02.04.2019): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6981482.

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Lubrication failures of axle box bearings can lead to accidents, such as bearing burnout and hot axle cutting. Presently, the modeling of the vehicle-track system dynamics rarely considers the nonlinear contact load of axle box bearings, and this leads to imperfection in the vehicle-track system dynamics calculation. And then, the load distribution and lubrication characteristics of axle box bearings are difficult to obtain. Therefore, in this paper, we fully consider the time-varying nonlinear contact load of bearings and track irregularity in establishing the bearing-wheel-rail system coupling-dynamics model. The dynamic response of axle box bearings is obtained by taking the vertical, strong impact-time-varying load on the carrying saddles as the external excitation. The load-balance equation of dynamic pressure lubrication is then obtained, according to the slicing method of bearing rollers. Finally, the elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) model of axle box bearings is established considering thermal and scale effects. The results show that the central film thickness under thermal EHL was decreased by 13.61% compared with that under isothermal EHL. As the velocity of the contact pair increases, the thickness difference between thermal and isothermal EHL became larger. Thermal effects should be considered in the EHL model, in order to truly reflect the characteristics of EHL under a high speed.

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Pan, Tie Jun, Lei Na Zheng und Cheng Qing Li. „Lube Intelligent Diagnosis System Combining Bayesian and BP Network Based on IOT Technology“. Advanced Materials Research 490-495 (März 2012): 1014–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.490-495.1014.

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The existing industrial lubrication depend on experience judgment, off-line inspection and regular oil change, whose maintenance requires rich personnel experience and still always have many errors. Line monitoring and quality diagnosis for industrial lube were studied to establish the distributed the online monitoring system based on hierarchical structure, information fusion diagnostic system based on Bayesian network and BP neural network. The filtering system for industrial lube has been developed to achieve unattended, automatic operation purposes, and trialed in the metallurgical industry. The results show monitoring data is stable, reliable, and the problem of high water content of lube in the steel industry is solved. At the same time, lube filtering is transformed from the traditional blind continuous filtering to real-time targeted filtering. In the premise of guaranteeing the lube quality, the system can save electricity more than 30%.

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Maeda, Kazuo. „Central Computerized Automatic Fetal Heart Rate Diagnosis with a Rapid and Direct Alarm System“. Open Medical Devices Journal 4, Nr. 1 (31.05.2012): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1875181401204010028.

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Lei, De Bao, Zhong Hua Tang und Kai Zhao. „The Central Air-Conditioning Energy-Saving Control Technology“. Advanced Materials Research 250-253 (Mai 2011): 2695–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.250-253.2695.

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With the application of the central air conditioning system widely, it has increased fast the consumption of national energy. This paper analyzes how to control a central air-conditioning system for energy saving, mainly including control characteristics , automatic control component and the control approaches of energy saving. Energy-saving approaches consist of indoor state parameter selection control, variable-speed pump control，variable air volume system control, Storage cold control and control Optimization.

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Hsiao, Hsing-Sen S., Bernard J. Hamrock und John H. Tripp. „Finite Element System Approach to EHL of Elliptical Contacts: Part I—Isothermal Circular Non-Newtonian Formulation“. Journal of Tribology 120, Nr. 4 (01.10.1998): 695–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2833767.

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The column continuity equation is used in formulating a modified Reynolds equation for elastohydrodynamic lubrication of elliptical contacts. A finite element method (FEM), here the Galerkin weighting method with isoparametric Q9 elements, is used to discretize the weak form of the Reynolds equation. In addition to the nodal pressures and the offset film thickness, the locations of the two-dimensional irregular free boundary are explicitly solved for by simultaneously forcing the essential and the natural Reynolds boundary conditions. Newton-Raphson’s iterations with a user-friendly yet efficient meshless scheme (i.e., automatic meshing-remeshing) are finally applied to solve these equations. A decoupled circular non-Newtonian fluid model is adapted in a way to illustrate the implementation of this new solution method. Extensive results will be given in Part II.

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Grossi, Marco, Carola Parolin, Beatrice Vitali und Bruno Riccò. „A portable sensor system for bacterial concentration monitoring in metalworking fluids“. Journal of Sensors and Sensor Systems 7, Nr. 1 (08.05.2018): 349–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/jsss-7-349-2018.

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Abstract. The detection of bacterial concentrations in metalworking fluids (MWFs), oil-in-water emulsions used in the cutting industries for cooling and lubrication, is important in order to extend the product life-cycle and plan its disposal according to regulations and legislations. The standard method of measuring culturable bacterial concentration is the plate count technique (PCT) that, however, has long response times and is not suitable for automatic implementation outside a laboratory. In this paper a portable sensor system that measures the bacterial concentration in liquid and semi-liquid media exploiting impedance microbiology is presented and tested for the application of MWF microbial monitoring. A set of MWF samples, taken from metalworking plants, have been tested and good agreement has been found between the system response and that of the PCT. The proposed system allows automated bacterial concentration measurements with shorter response times than the PCT (4 to 24 h vs. 24 to 72 h) and is suitable for in-the-field MWF monitoring.

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Rapiejko, Piotr, Zbigniew M. Wawrzyniak, Ryszard S. Jachowicz und Dariusz Jurkiewicz. „Image analysis in automatic system of pollen recognition“. Acta Agrobotanica 59, Nr. 1 (2012): 385–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.2006.040.

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In allergology practice and research, it would be convenient to receive pollen identification and monitoring results in much shorter time than it comes from human identification. Image based analysis is one of the approaches to an automated identification scheme for pollen grain and pattern recognition on such images is widely used as a powerful tool. The goal of such attempt is to provide accurate, fast recognition and classification and counting of pollen grains by computer system for monitoring. The isolated pollen grain are objects extracted from microscopic image by CCD camera and PC computer under proper conditions for further analysis. The algorithms are based on the knowledge from feature vector analysis of estimated parameters calculated from grain characteristics, including morphological features, surface features and other applicable estimated characteristics. Segmentation algorithms specially tailored to pollen object characteristics provide exact descriptions of pollen characteristics (border and internal features) already used by human expert. The specific characteristics and its measures are statistically estimated for each object. Some low level statistics for estimated local and global measures of the features establish the feature space. Some special care should be paid on choosing these feature and on constructing the feature space to optimize the number of subspaces for higher recognition rates in low-level classification for type differentiation of pollen grains.The results of estimated parameters of feature vector in low dimension space for some typical pollen types are presented, as well as some effective and fast recognition results of performed experiments for different pollens. The findings show the ewidence of using proper chosen estimators of central and invariant moments (M21, NM2, NM3, NM8 NM9), of tailored characteristics for good enough classification measures (efficiency > 95%), even for low dimensional classifiers (≥ 3) for type differentiation of pollens grain.

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Fitriati, Desti, Nira Ravika Pasha, Bambang Hariyanto, Amir Murtako und Sri Rezeki Candra Nursari. „SMART SYSTEM FOR AUTOMATIC CROP AND RECOGNITION PLAT NUMBER“. Jurnal Riset Informatika 3, Nr. 2 (02.03.2021): 145–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.34288/jri.v3i2.183.

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Based on data from the Central Statistics Agency in 2018, it was written that the number of motorbikes for the Indonesian region was 120.10 million or 82% and for cars 26.75 million or around 18% of the total population. With the increasing population of motorized vehicle users, it will result in an increase in problems that occur in traffic violations and also the technology security system in the parking system. Most of the existing parking systems still require parking attendants. In addition, the existing system only discusses the opening and closing of bars and providing information on parking lots. Although the existing system already uses artificial intelligence to read plate numbers, the officers are still matching it. Of course, this is not effective and efficient because the use of artificial intelligence is not purely done by the system. To overcome this, the solution given in this study is to create a parking system that can read plate numbers automatically and store vehicle entry data directly into the database. The system created can also open and close the door latch automatically. The template matching image processing technique was chosen to solve this problem. Based on the experimental results, the system can recognize plate numbers with an accuracy of 83%. For further research, it is necessary to introduce vehicle ownership and provide parking information so that the parking system becomes more perfect.

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Zhai, Liming, Zhengwei Wang, Yongyao Luo und Zhongjie Li. „TEHD analysis of a bidirectional thrust bearing in a pumped storage unit“. Industrial Lubrication and Tribology 68, Nr. 3 (11.04.2016): 315–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ilt-07-2015-0092.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze lubrication characteristics of a bidirectional thrust bearing in a pumped storage, considering the effect of the thermal elastic deformation of the pad and collar. Design/methodology/approach This study used the fluid–solid interaction (FSI) technique to investigate the lubrication characteristics of a bidirectional thrust bearing for several typical operating conditions. The influences of the operating conditions and the thrust load on the lubrication characteristics were analyzed. Then, various pivot eccentricities were investigated to analyze the effects of the pivot position. Findings It is found that the effect of the radial tilt angle of the collar runner on the oil film is compensated for by the radial tilt of the pad. The central pivot support system is the main factor limiting the loads of bidirectional thrust bearings. Originality/value This paper has preliminarily revealed the lubrication mechanism of bidirectional tilting-pad thrust bearings. A three-dimensional FSI method is suggested to evaluate the thermal–elastic–hydrodynamic deformations of thrust bearings instead of the conventional method, which iteratively solves the Reynolds equation, the energy equation, the heat conduction equation and the elastic equilibrium equation.

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Ozerov, А. V., und А. М. Olshansky. „Safety model construction for a complex automatic transportation system“. Dependability 21, Nr. 2 (02.06.2021): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.21683/1729-2646-2021-21-2-31-37.

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The Aim of the paper is to consider approaches to the analysis of a safety model of complex multi-loop transportation systems comprising not completely supervised subsystems. Method. For the description of a safety model, the paper uses systems theoretic process analysis (STPA) methods and the principles specified in ISO/PAS 21448:2019 (SOTIF). Result. The paper shows drawbacks of the FTA and FMEA local risk analysis methods and demonstrates a demand for some universal approach based on the combination of STPA and control theory. It gives an overview of the major stages of such analysis for the safety model of complex transportation systems exemplified by the Moscow Central Circle, which provide a feedback for safety evaluation of a transport control system under development. The paper analyzes the feasibility of using a virtual model for control purposes in the form of a so-called “supervised artificial neural network”.Conclusion. Today, railways are actively testing autonomous systems (with no driver onboard) that apply as their subsystems automatic perception modules using machine learning. The introduction of the latter into the control loop complicates the task of hazard analysis and safety evaluation of such systems using conventional FTA and FMEA methods. The construction of a safety model of such complex multi-loop transportation systems comprising not completely supervised subsystems that use machine learning methods with not completely predictable behavior requires the application of a systems approach to the analysis of unsafe scenarios along with the compilation of a scenario library and the formalization of a hazard model’s description, pertaining to the boundaries of various control loops as well, in order to reduce the regions of unknown unsafe scenarios for autonomous transportation systems under development.

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Buxton, J. W., D. L. Ingram und Wenwei Jia. „Irrigation of Geraniums with an Automatic Controlled Water Table System“. HortScience 33, Nr. 3 (Juni 1998): 522d—522. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.33.3.522d.

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Geraniums in 15-cm pots were irrigated automatically for 8 weeks with a Controlled Water Table (CWT) irrigation system. Plants were irrigated with a nutrient solution supplied by a capillary mat with one end of the mat suspended in a trough below the bottom of the pot. The nutrient solution remained at a constant level in the trough. Nutrient solution removed from the trough was immediately replaced from a larger reservoir. The vertical distance from the surface of the nutrient solution and the bottom of the pot determined the water/air ratio and water potential in the growing media. Treatments consisted of placing pots at 0, 2, 4, and 6 cm above the nutrient solution. Control plants were irrigated as needed with a trickle irrigation system. Geraniums grown at 0,2 and 4 CWT were ≈25% larger than the control plants and those grown at 6 CWT as measured by dry weight and leaf area. Roots of plants grown at 0 CWT were concentrated in the central area of the root ball; whereas roots of plants in other treatments were located more near the bottom of the pot. Advantages of the CWT system include: Plant controlled automatic irrigation; no run off; optimum water/air ratio.

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Firmansyah, Deni, Ibrahim Lammada und Gina Lova Sari. „IMPLEMENTATION OF AUTOMATIC PUMP CONTROL ON SEA WATER DESTILATION SYSTEM“. Electro Luceat 6, Nr. 2 (03.11.2020): 299–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.32531/jelekn.v6i2.268.

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This study aims to design an automatic pump control system and assess the effectiveness of using pumps in seawater distillation systems. The system uses an Arduino Uno microcontroller for central control of all system activities and a relay as a pump switch. Ultrasonic sensors, pH sensors and TDS sensors as input to provide information on the condition of the water in the storage container, the water pump as an output for pumping and flowing sea water and distilled water. The water pump in the seawater distillation system is used to drain seawater to the initial reservoir with a water level set point >20cm, if the set point is met, the pump will turn on. The second mini pump is used to flow the distilled water to the final reservoir with a set point value of pH <8 and a TDS value <1400, so the pump will turn on. The third mini pump is used to flow distilled water to the second basin with a set point value of pH >8 and a value of TDS >1400, so the pump will turn on, therefore the use of a pump in an automatic seawater distillation system is needed and its use can be said to be effective. Keywords: Water Pump, Relay, Control

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Chang, Bo, Xin Rong Zhang, Lei Zhou und Li Hong Li. „Air Quality Monitoring System Based on ZigBeeCC2530“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 392 (September 2013): 984–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.392.984.

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Aiming at the actual demand of the indoor air quality safety monitoring, an air quality monitoring system was designed based on low-power ZigBee wireless communication technology and micro-controller chip CC2530. By deploying sensor network nodes in monitoring area, the monitoring information, that is, CO, formalin, SO2and benzene, are collected in real time and aggregated to the central monitoring system in order to achieve a unified data management and network routing monitoring functions. The central monitoring computer stores and displays the data sent by ZigBee network, thus achieves real-time monitoring of changes in indoor environmental parameters. The monitoring results have shown that this system is stable, high reliable in data transmission and easy to use, and can be applied to the automatic monitoring of environmental parameters in other areas by slight transformation.

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Bongards, M., J. Braun und H. A. Feyen. „Application of Linked Personal Computers for Automatic Control in Large Sewage Works“. Water Science and Technology 26, Nr. 5-6 (01.09.1992): 1375–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1992.0580.

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So far only very large sewage treatment plants (STP) are equipped with real process computers. High investment costs and complicated handling prevented their application in medium-sized and smaller STPs. Meanwhile Personal Computers became so efficient and reliable that they can be used for automatic control of industrial processes. In this paper the successful enlargement of the central STP of Stolberg-Steinfurt for 120,000 inhabitant equivalents is described. In the central facility seven linked personal computers co-operate in a local area network (LAN) for monitoring and optimization of different processes. They are connected with seven programmable controllers in outstations on site. The data transfer between the central control room and the outstations takes place using RS 232 C interfaces. Because of the use of common office computers in combination with industrially proved controllers the operators very soon accepted the system. After one year of operating experience they assess the system as a valuable tool.

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Simons, Anthony, Richard Wireko und Cyrus Addy. „Optimisation of Grease Dispensation for Heavy-duty Mining Excavators“. European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 5, Nr. 9 (27.09.2020): 1102–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2020.5.9.2121.

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This work deals with improvement of the control of lubricant dispensation for automatic centralized lubrication system on heavy-duty mining excavators. The method adopted toachieve this includes analysis of mechanical, electrical and electronic components of the existing system. Subsequently, modifications were made on the system. Mechanical and electrical components were selected to control dispensation of lubricant whilst electronic components were selected to interact via communicating electrical signal to electrical components. Grease manifold block and current regulating solenoid valve were selected to work with a grease control module that communicates with a motion logic control module through a control area network connected to excavator joystick and pedal. Lubricant savings of 60.80 cm3/min (0.0608 litres/min) which amounts to annual savings of $ 62,102.09 per annum, can be made with the proposed modification in a typical mining excavator.

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Lu, Junjie. „Theoretical optimization and experiment on lubrication of floating microgroove cylindrical seal“. Industrial Lubrication and Tribology 72, Nr. 10 (10.06.2020): 1217–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ilt-02-2020-0048.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze and improve the lubrication performance of a floating cylindrical seal by investigating micro spiral groove. Design/methodology/approach The lubrication model of is solved by finite difference, considering the influence of convergence eccentricity and Rayleigh step on the gas film period. A lubrication model, which is a gas film of floating microgroove cylindrical seal, is solved under high-precision central difference (finite-difference method-center) for the critical problems of convergence eccentricity and Rayleigh step. And then, an idea on the opening-leakage ratio is proposed, and a multiobjective optimization model is established. Finally, an experiment is conducted on a narrow gap to determine the gas film opening force and leakage by the modules of testing system, and the theoretical results are verified by real tests. Findings The theoretical calculation results agree well with the experimental data, which proves the correctness of the lubrication optimization model, and the optimized groove has better lubrication performance. On the other hand, the sealing pressure plays a more important role in the seal operation. Originality/value The theoretical model carries out low complexity and high sparseness, thus being very suitable for large-scale gas film problems. A multiobjective optimal function is established based on the opening-leakage ratio for optimizing groove. Finally, a curved groove of high precision and gas film opening force is obtained completely. Peer review The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-02-2020-0048/

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Romero, Marcelo, und Mike Mustafa Berber. „Subsidence determination in the Central Valley, California“. Reports on Geodesy and Geoinformatics 106, Nr. 1 (01.12.2018): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rgg-2018-0012.

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Abstract Twenty four hour GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) data acquired monthly for 5 years from 8 CORS (Continuously Operating Reference Station) stations in Central Valley, California are processed and vertical velocities of the points are determined. To process GNSS data, online GNSS data processing service APPS (Automatic Precise Positioning Service) is used. GNSS data downloaded from NGS (National Geodetic Survey) CORS are analyzed and subsidence at these points is portrayed with graphics. It is revealed that elevation changes range from 5 mm uplift in the north to 163 mm subsidence in the southern part of the valley.

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