Dissertationen zum Thema „Auto-organisation des nanoparticules“
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Gharbi, Ines. „Films cristal liquide polymérisés et auto-organisation de nanoparticules d’or“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS286.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWe study composite systems liquid crystals / polymers / nanoparticles. We use liquid crystal distortions to control the induced nanoparticle organization and also the polymerization of liquid crystal matrices that ensures the stability of the composites and allows to diversify the imaging and optical characterization techniques. First of all, we are interested in nematic and cholesteric liquid crystal films, with and without polymer, in the absence and in the presence of nanoparticles, the latter being chosen as spherical gold nanoparticles of diameter 6nm. Subsequently, we were interested in the polymerization of the so-called smectic oily streaks. The comparison between the different behaviors of the nanoparticles when isolated in solution or gathered and self-organized on a PVA substrate without liquid crystal (LC) or on a substrate with nematic or cholesteric LC, allowed us to understand how the nanoparticles and the matrix interact to reach the final structure of the composite system, characterized by new optical properties of the nanoparticles. We have established how a nematic matrix allows to preserve an almost perfect hexagonal order for gold nanoparticles deposited on the surface, while bringing them closer to each other (induced compression of the monolayer formed) to decrease disorder and distortion induced in the matrix, which significantly shifts the plasmon resonance of the gold nanoparticles. We have also demonstrated that the nanoparticles induce a change of orientation of the nematic molecules towards a tilted orientation, accompanied by a dewetting phenomenon of the matrix on top of the nanoparticles. The transition from a nematic matrix to a cholesteric matrix preserves the hexagonal order of the compressed monolayer for the nanoparticles but with an enhanced disorder, locally induced by the larger elastic distortion close to the air/interface and more specifically at the bottom of the undulations of the cholesteric matrix, which was evidenced by a simulation of a frustrated cholesteric between the two anchoring, planar on PVA and homeotrope with air. The cholesteric modulation structure acts as a mold so that the nanoparticles reproduce on the mesoscopic scale the cholesteric texture at the interface by forming ribbons that perfectly mimic the cholesteric modulations. We again evidence a phenomenon of dewetting, but smaller than for the nematic, in relation with the localization of the nanoparticles in the cholesteric tilted areas above the region of strong cholesteric splay distortion. Within the same cholesteric matrix, the increase of the concentration of nanoparticles causes a profound change in the optical properties of the nanoparticles. We show that it is related to the establishment of new structures for the nanoparticles, always induced by the modulated structure of cholesteric, which, in return is only slightly modified. As the concentration increases, one passes from a monolayer of highly disordered and compressed two-dimensional labyrinths up to 3D structures (aggregates) of controlled size and shape. The optical properties are modified in relation with a strong strengthening of the electromagnetic interaction between nanoparticles. The nanoparticles occupy the overall surface of the cholesteric modulations, which no longer play the role of mold, but are found to be truncated at the surface by the presence of nanoparticles. The fact that the modulated cholesterics is only poorly modified highlights the robustness of this cholesteric structure, but also the combined influence of the cholesteric elastic distortions and of the nanoparticle-induced anchoring on the nanoparticle organization and in return on the induced optical properties. Moreover, concerning the polymerization of smectic oily streaks, we have succeeded to preserve the smectic A texture in the nematic phase, in relation with the creation of a particularly robust polymer skeleton that mimics the initial smectic texture
Bertino-Ghera, Bernard. „Synthèse et auto-organisation de cyclodextrines aphiphiles fluorées, vers des applications biomédicales“. Lyon 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LYO10321.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work concerns the synthesis of new cyclodextrins substituted by perfluoroalkyl chains. The introduction of such chains should lead these new amphiphilic molecules capable of self-assembly in aqueous media, to an increase of their stability as carriers for medicinally active substances, and to an improvement of drug availability of encapsulated bio-actives molecules. The first part of this work treats the synthesis these new modified macrocycles. Cyclodextrins are functionnalized at the primary face by perfluoroalkylpropanethio- chains of different length (C4F9, C6F13 and C8F17). The number of these chains can be controlled (2, 4, 6 or 7). O-2, O-3 methylated analogues were prepared in order to improve the solubility of these derivatives in organic solvents. Alkylated cyclodextrin analogues were synthesized as reference compounds in order to determine the effect of the fluoroalkylated chains. In a second part, the self-organisation properties of these new amphiphilic cyclodextrins were studied. All these compounds self-assemble in the form of spherical nanospheres in water. The encapsulation efficiency of an anti-viral agent and drug release rates are discussed
Bitar, Rajaa. „Auto-organisation de nanoparticules d'or dans un cristal liquide cholestérique : élaboration, structure et propriétés optiques“. Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1565/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDuring my thesis, I worked on self-organization of gold nanoparticles (nps) in a cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC). This work consists of two parts. The first part is devoted to the study of the cholesteric matrix before the introduction of nps. For this, we realized many studies starting from preparing the open film to the characterization of complementary imaging methods, and a study of the optical response. During this study, we discovered a new scenario to change the color of a cholesteric without modifying the extrinsic and intrinsic parameters of the material. This color change is controlled only by the annealing time which induces a change in the distribution of the helical axis at the interface with air and which propagates in the volume when the annealing time increases. This detailed study has allowed us to propose a 3D representation of our system. The second part of my thesis deals with the introduction of gold nps in the cholesteric matrix using in the first part. We defined a simple protocol to mix the two bodies, and make a film of CLC-nps. The fact that our compounds can fix the structure below 50 °C, helped us to show self-organization of nps by electron micrograph (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In addition, we presented a multi-scale structural study going from the nanoscale to the macroscale, by additional imaging. These data do not exist in the literature even for neighboring systems, especially since most organizations studied were short scale and using microparticles. Finally, we defined the couple concentration of nps-film thickness CLC-nps as the parameters that control the self-organization of nps and decide of gold nanostructures obtained (fingerprints, double spirals, and targets)
Grumbach, Nathan. „Auto-organisation de molécules-aimants et de nanoparticules magnétiques sur des surfaces de copolymères dibloc“. Strasbourg, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA6259.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMagnetic information storage, used in hard disks notably, has not stopped evolving toward higher storage density. Current storage systems reach their physical and technological limits, and future improvements will necessarily consist in new materials and technologies. We have studied in this work two kinds of new magnetic nanometric objects, Single Molecule Magnets (SMM) and magnetic nanoparticles, both showing magnetic bistability at the isolated individual object. These materials could help overpass current limitations and make magnetic storage densities increase by up to five orders of magnitude. This work is focused on the multiscale organisation of these objects on a surface, with the aim of forming two dimensional organised networks. The nano-objects we considered can self-organize on a surface, but correlation lengths remain short. To control and propagate nanometric organisation up to macroscopic scales, we functionalize the surface using PS-PMMA block copolymer and use microphase separation in order to structure the surface in ten nanometers wide stripes. Oriented demixtion of the block copolymer is obtained via templated self-assembly, in our case by using a surface patterned with 100 to 200 nm wide channels. Then the magnetic nano-objects selectively self-organize in networks on the polymer stripes. Multiscale spatial organisation of nanometric objects is therefore possible by combining top-down lithographic and bottom-up self techniques. Experimental study of magnetic properties of organised monolayers of SMM is challenging and has been performed with Low Temperature XMCD. We have shown that Mn12-like SMMs remain structurally intact at the surface but that their magnetic properties are unfortunately lost. Still, other SMMs or magnetic gold nanoparticles remain interesting candidates for high density magnetic storage. Finally, we have shown that the organised deposition of these nano-objects can result in magnetic anisotropy, with a large range of potential applications
Lantiat, David. „Morphologie et auto-organisation de nanoparticules métalliques dispersées dans des matrices diélectriques : influence sur les propriétés optiques“. Phd thesis, Université de Poitiers, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00331903.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLantiat-Baillargue, David. „Morphologie et auto-organisation de nanoparticules d'argent dispersées dans les matrices diélectriques : influence sur les propriétés optiques“. Poitiers, 2008. http://theses.edel.univ-poitiers.fr/theses/2008/Lantiat-Baillargue-David/2008-Lantiat-Baillargue-David-These.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of this work is to adjust the spectral position of the surface plasmon resonance of noble-metal nanoparticles embedded in a dielectric matrix by tailoring their morphology and their spatial organization. We show that when the growth is performed on plane substrates, it is possible to modify the aspect ratio of the particles H/D, and thus their optical response by changing the nature of the matrix. Quantitative structural analyzes carried out by using high angle annular dark field scanning transmission electronic microscopy (HAADF-STEM) imaging reveal that H/D is a decreasing function of the diameter D, independently of the deposited metal amount. In order to understand these effects of the matrix on the structural and optical properties of the particles, various studies (influence of the metal and deposited amount, presence of a buffer layer, influence of the elaboration conditions, covering rate of the particles,. . . ) are presented and numerical simulations of the optical spectra are proposed by integrating the structural parameters from the HAADF analysis in a model of Yamaguchi. A second step consists in using nanostructured sapphire surfaces in order to induce a surface organization of the particles, and thus to involve an anisotropy of their optical properties. We show that according to the geometry used during the deposition (normal incidence, grazing incidence, orientation and angle of incidence of atomic flux), it is possible to select the type of facets on which the growth takes place (shadowing effect), and consequently to elaborate self-organized systems of metal nanoislands constituted of stripes or linear chains of particles, whose optical properties display a light-polarization dependence
Lantiat-Baillargue, David Girardeau Thierry Babonneau David Camelio Sophie. „Morphologie et auto-organisation de nanoparticules d'argent dispersées dans les matrices diélectriques influence sur les propriétés optiques /“. Poitiers : I-Médias, 2008. http://theses.edel.univ-poitiers.fr/index.php?id=689.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAndreatta, Gaëlle. „Insertion et organisation de nanoparticules à l'intérieur de bicouches de tensioactifs déposées sur substrats solides“. Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00363331.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHajiw, Stéphanie. „Des interactions entre nanoparticules d’or hydrophobes à leur auto-assemblage“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS080/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAs many colloids, metallic nanoparticles grafted with hydrophobic ligands self-assemble above a volume fraction threshold and thus build superlattices. These model systems, which are widely studied when suspended in volatile oils, enable a better understanding of soft spheres self-assembly.Interactions which lead to self-assembly are commonly described by the combination of van der Waals attraction with interaction between the ligand shells. The shell behavior is controlled by the ligand affinity with the solvent. An effect of the solvent on the self-assembly of nanoparticles has already been observed. Using a small angle X-ray scattering, I measured, through the structure factor, the interactions between gold nanoparticles grafted with alkanethiols in different oils, at various concentrations, for different lengths of ligands and core diameters. I noticed an attractive interaction when using flexible linear alkanes as solvent. It has also been shown that the attraction intensity increases with the solvent length.In order to correlate the interactions between particles to their phase diagram, I studied the crystallization process by concentrating nanoparticles using evaporation in capillaries or Ostwald ripening in emulsions. I showed that attractive interactions induced by the solvent lead to superlattices formation at very low volume fractions.At high concentrations, the superlattice structure depends on the ratio of the ligand length over the gold core diameter. For a ratio around 0.7, the final structure observed is body centered cubic, whereas at lower concentration, it is face centered cubic. When this ratio is halved, an unexpected structure is observed. It is a hexagonal structure with a large lattice parameter. It has been analyzed as a Frank and Kasper’s phase named MgZn2 or C14. It is the first time that this topologically close-packed structure is observed for monodisperse soft spheres. The existence of this phase and the role of the ratio R have been interpreted by considering quantitatively the competition between ligands entropy and the strong van der Waals attraction
Postic, Marie. „Auto-organisation de matériaux multi-échelles par séchage : des mécanismes de retrait des ménisques dans un milieu poreux modèle à la cristallisation de nanoparticules“. Rennes 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REN1S127.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe multi-scale organization of materials can give them specific physical properties making them interesting devices for applications in many fields that include optics and bio-detection. It is possible to achieve a hierarchical organization of nanoparticles via the evaporation of a colloidal suspension on a micro-textured surface. This work focuses on the self-organization of multi-scale materials through the drying of complex fluids in a porous medium consisting of an assembly of regularly arranged micron-sized pillars. More specifically, we have studied experimentally the physical mechanisms behind the retraction of menisci that occurs during the drying of a solution of surfactants and leads to the formation of dried-liquid films between pillars. In addition, we have developed a simple model based on experimental observations that allows us to predict the evolution of most of the macroscopic features of the drying drop, that is, its area, its perimeter, and the morphology of the obtained films. Then, we studied the drying of suspensions containing quantum dots functionalized with amphiphilic molecules and we characterized the resulting material using several techniques, including small angle X-ray diffraction and optical microscopy. We conclude with a generalization of this technique to the drying of suspensions containing other particles such as gold nanorods and semiconducting nanorods
Delphine, Coursault. „Décoration de réseaux linéaires de défauts smectiques par des nanoparticules d'or“. Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00918722.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleYang, Zhijie. „Cobalt Nanocrystals : Influence of the Ordering and Nanocrystallinity on Some Physical and Chemical Properties“. Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066334.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe extensive and fundamental development of these problems was determined by nanochemistry. Nanochemistry, in turn, has two important aspects. One of these is associated with gaining insight into the peculiarities of chemical properties and the reactivity of particles comprising a small number of atoms, which lay new foundations of this science. Another aspect, correlated to nanotechnology, consists of the application of nanochemistry to the synthesis, modification, and stabilization of individual nanoparticles and also for their directed self-assembling to give more complex nanostructures. Moreover, the possibility of changing the properties of synthesized structures by regulating the sizes and shapes of original nanoparticles deserves attention. This thesis attempts to provide some answers to the many open questions to date: 1 - Is it easy to control the size and the crystal structure, called nanocrystallinity, nanoparticles of cobalt? What are the consequences for stability during the process of oxygen diffusion? 2 - Can we achieve binary assemblies involving cobalt nanocrystals of different nanocrytallinites. What are the consequences of nanocrystallinity in these assemblies? In order to answer the above two questions, this thesis is organized in four parts. The first part deals with the recent advances in Kirkendall effect, which is demonstrated to be mainly involved during the oxidation reaction of metals, and also the general view on the assembly and collective properties of binary nanoparticle superlattices. The second part deals with the oxygen diffusion through Co nanocrystals. We describe the various parameters involved in the oxygen diffusion through Co nanocrystals. We describe the influence crystalline structure of nanoparticles such as amorphous, hcp, fcc and epsilon phase of Co nanocrystals. It will be demonstrated that the TEM electron beam plays a role of the final product when Co nanocrystals are submitted to the oxygen. In the third part, we focus on the fabrication of Co nanoparticle-based binary nanoparticle superlattices. It is shown that binary superlattices of Co/Ag nanocrystals with same size, surface coating, differing by their crystallinities can be governed by Co-Co magnetic interactions. Furthermore, binary nanoparticle superlattices, which can be considered as the insertion of small nanoparticles into the nanoparticle superlattices revealed an unusual magnetic properties. Two kinds of binary nanoparticle superlattices, namely AlB2-type CoAg2 and MgZn2-type CoCo2, are produced, and their magnetic properties are studied, revealing the mesoscale doping effect on the magnetic properties of Co nanoparticle supracrystals. In the last part of this thesis is mainly focused on how to improve the nanocrystallinity of Co nanocrystals in solution and the magnetic investigation of Co nanocrystals with various crystallinities
Boullanger, Arnaud. „Matériaux hybrides organiques - inorganiques. Structuration et contrôle de la multifonctionnalisation“. Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON20065.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMesostructured hybrid materials (organic-inorganic) were prepared according two different ways: the sol-gel process on the one hand, the assembly of molecular hybrid 'bricks' on the other. In the first part, we focused on the one-pot synthesis of monofunctionalised cubic silicas (SBA-16) through the sol-gel process. Different organic functions were successfully introduced within the pores of the material (SH, CN, Cl, PO(OEt)2 and acac). Their accessibility was brought to light by complexation of lanthanide salts (europium) by acac moieties, but also by growing of gold nanoparticles within the pores, regularly distributed thanks to the SH groups. Thanks to their small size (2 nm) and their high accessibility, these supported nanoparticles could be used as catalysts. Secondly, our study was extended to bifunctional materials. 2-D hexagonal silicas (SBA-15) were functionalised by one-step synthesis within both pores and walls. Several organic groups were covalently included within the structure, which then allowed us to confine very closely two kinds of nanoparticles, able to interact between themselves at nanometric scale. The bimetallic material is consequently qualified as 'interactive'. The last part was dedicated to a new approach for the synthesis of 3-D structured materials, consisting in the assembly of hybrid molecular 'cages' (functionalised octasilsesquioxanes). Chloro terminations were chosen because of their easy conversion into acid or ionic moieties, able to self-assemble, driven by weak interactions such as H-bonds or electrostatic forces. The use of organic “linkers” such as cyclam groups was also considered to connect cages and anchor metallic ions
Wu, Cheng. „Hybrid colloidal molecules from self-assembly of viral rod-like particles“. Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0133.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this thesis, the self-assembly of rod-like viral particles, specifically the M13 bacteriophages, into colloidal molecules is studied. As the first method, the affinity of streptavidin to biotin or Strep-tag is used and quantitatively compared. In this case, both biologically engineered M13-AS displaying Strep-tags and chemically biotinylated M13C7C viruses have reacted with streptavidin activated nanoparticles via their functionalized proximal ends. This results in star-like colloidal molecules, whose valency – or number of viruses par structure – can be solely controlled by tuning the initial molar excess. However, the stability of these colloidal molecules is limited by streptavidin release and degradation. Thus, we develop the second method based on the sulfur—metal interactions, which is more convenient and reliable. Thanks to the exposed disulfide groups located at p3 proteins, metallic nanoparticles are able to bind to proximal ends of the M13 virus. The generic feature of this method is verified by using different metals and two virus strains including wt-M13. Afterwards, the control of the valency is explored by varying the initial molar excess, the nanoparticle size and the ionic strength. A quantitative model is built correspondingly, using the surface area of Au nanobead and the effective electrostatic diameter of the virus as variables, which accounts for the assembly of colloidal molecules with desired valencies. This method is further applied to assemble heterobifunctional diblocks by using filamentous viruses as building units. As a proof-of-concept experiment, bicolored diblocks are produced and tracked by each block simultaneously. Overall, we demonstrate the synthesis of a new generation of hybrid colloidal molecules, whose self-organization could serve as a promising means to create novel hierarchical biologic/inorganic superstructures that may find applications in materials science
Liu, Zeming. „Self-organization of metallic nanoparticles in waveguides by laser : mechanisms modelling and new approaches“. Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSES073/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis doctoral thesis focuses on the study of laser-induced self-organization of Ag nanoparticles (NPs) in TiO2 thin layers. This laser technique was recently developed to provide original printing solutions for applications like active color displays, security, or polarization imaging. Here, we investigate experimentally and theoretically the different mechanisms involved in the NPs formation for a better control of their morphology and organization. In the case of continuous-wave (cw) laser, our experimental results prove that the speed at which the laser scans the sample surface is a crucial parameter to control the NP size and the laser-induced temperature rise. Ag NPs shrink at low scan speed, whereas growth governed by a thermal effect only occurs above a speed threshold. Above this threshold, the size of grown Ag NPs changes in a non-monotonous way with scan speed, whereas laser-induced temperature rise increases with speed. In order to explain these counter-intuitive behaviors, several numerical models have been developed to simulate changes in the size distribution of Ag NPs induced by visible light. Simulation results are in good agreement with experimental observations and reveal the origin of the observed phenomena by collective interactions of various physico-chemical processes involved in the variation of NPs size. Finally, this thesis demonstrates that self-organization of NPs at sub-wavelength scale on large areas can also be performed with femtosecond (fs) laser pulses. Oriented anisotropic growth of NPs has also been observed using a proper selection of laser irradiation parameters. Compared with the cw laser induced structures, fs pulses offer better control of the thermal effect and NP size, which opens the way to transfer these technologies on plastic or paper substrates
Vandenhecke, Ellick. „Nanostructuration de surfaces diélectriques par pulvérisation ionique pour guider la croissance de nanoparticules métalliques“. Thesis, Poitiers, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014POIT2272/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOn the one hand, the aim of this work is to understand and control the formation of periodic nanometric ripples produced by ion sputtering of dielectric thin films. On the other hand, these nanostructured surfaces are used to guide the growth and organization of silver nanoparticles. These anisotropic systems are characterized by a surface plasmon resonance whose spectral postion is dependent on the polarization of the incident light. We first study the influence of different ion beam sputtering parameters (the ions incidence angle and energy, temperature, energy, flux, fluence) on the ripple morphology (period, amplitude, order, ...) by AFM and GISAXS. The relevant parameters for the control of the ripple morphology are identified as well as some of the physical mechanisms involved. Then, we study the influence of the growth conditions on the structural properties of the nanoparticles (metal deposition angle, ripples pattern quality) by HAADF-STEM. We show that the preferential growth along the ripples is promoted by shadowing effects, thus leading to the formation of linear chains with period similar to the underlying ripples and with more or less elongated and aligned nanoparticles. This results in a far-field tunable optical anisotropy arising from polydisperse interparticle gaps (less than a few nanometers) as well as from more or less strong near-field coupling phenomena. These structures could offer potential for surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) applications
Achkar, Charbel. „Etudes de nanostructures magnétiques auto-organisées et épitaxiées par synthèse organométallique en solution sur des surfaces cristallines“. Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ISAT0037/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe elaboration of this thesis aims to characterize the magnetic and structural properties of magnetic nanostructures obtained by a new mixed physical / chemical synthesis method, called hybrid growth. The first part of the work consists in the development of thin metal films on substrates by cathode sputtering. Furthermore, the chemical synthesis conducted by organometallic chemistry on those thin films, results in an array of ultra-dense Co monocristallins hcp nanowires, or nanostructured Fe films. Additionally, The SEM/TEM observations and the X-ray diffraction measurements conducted on the substrates and induced by the crystlalline structure of the thin film, show the high impact on the magnetic nanostructures morphology and growth direction.Moreover, the magnetic measurements executed on the Co nanowires array show a strong magnetic anisotropy perpendicular to the substrate. This observation is obtained due to the magnetocrystalline anisotropy acting along the nanowire axis (Co hcp structure with the c axis parallel to the nanowire axis) in the same direction of the nanowires shape anisotropy. The magnetization within these structures is thermally stable. It follows a coherent magnetization reversal mode that has not been observed in the polycrystalline structures up to now. Finally, the self-organization of the nanowires as well as their high density and stable magnetization nominate this system for their application in high density magnetic storage devices
Sharma, Nipun. „Self-organization of silver nanoparticles with femtosecond laser in TiO2 matrix : Applications to plasmonic colours, multiple hidden images and Colour Image-Multiplexing“. Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSES032.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSelf-organization of metallic nanoparticles in a medium is an efficient and a low-cost way to produce plasmonic systems that can be used for applications to active colour display, image encoding, and security. Such nanocomposite systems must be synthesized in form of stable films which could be coated on any kind of surface for laser processing. This doctoral thesis focuses on laser‐induced self‐organization of nanocomposite thin films of silver and mesoporous titania.In this work, we first investigate synthesizing mesoporous TiO2 thin films using hydrolytic process, which is easy to implement, to provide crystallized films starting at 100°C. First activation energies in mesoporous TiO2 films using Raman spectroscopy in combination with the phonon quantum confinement model are reported in this work. Further, growth mechanisms of nanocrystals in mesoporous TiO2 films are investigated in form of ellipsometric measurements highlighting its effect on film porosity and crystallinity with annealing temperature.The second study demonstrates fabrication of different nanocomposite structures using femtosecond laser scanning technique, triggering growth and self-organization of silver nanoparticles inside porous amorphous titania matrix giving rise to plasmonic dichroic colours. Further investigation on the parametric study of such nanocomposites gives rise to different nanostructures at two different scan speed regimes, which are formed at the surface and are embedded below due to excitation of surface and the guided modes. The flexibility of this laser-based marking technology also allows to fabricate hybrid nanostructures composed of different adjacent nanostructure types, interlaced to cover large areas. An extension of this study is concluded on plastic/flexible substrates to encode diffractive printed images. Here surface nanostructures (LIPSS) are formed by using the control of laser polarization and thus grating orientation, which is used to encode grey-level images that can be observed in diffraction modes.Further, this study is concluded by producing three image multiplexing which can be observed in three selected modes of observation under white light in reflection with non-polarized light and transmission between polarizers for two different polarization angles. This is due to the fact that the film birefringence and dichroism can be controlled to produce unprecedented colour gamuts for multiplexing. Such smart laser processing on nanocomposite thin films gives rise to artistic and security applications by encoding different images up to three under same area
Maxit, Benoit. „Organisation de nanoparticules dans des phases ordonnées de copolymères diblocs amphiphiles“. Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00581646.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePelliser, Laurent. „Assemblage et organisation de nanoparticules semi-conductrices dans des réseaux de défauts topologiques smectiques“. Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066300/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis discusses the use of a liquid crystal structure, called oily streaks, formed by the competition of two antagonist anchoring on each side of a submicrometric liquid crystal layer, to achieve the self-alignment and, for higher concentration, the organization, of single photon emitters on an individual scale. We discuss the internal layout of these oily streaks through measurements done in polarized optical microscopy, ellipsometry and X-ray diffraction analysis. These data sets are correlated in chapter 2 into a description of the internal structure of the oily streaks, characterized by the formation of a pattern of oriented topological defects, and an analysis of their behaviour. These streaks are then used as a template to align single photon emitters, CdSe:CdS dot-in-rods, on an individual scale alongside the main axis of the defects. We measure the alignment of their dipoles as well as their degree of polarization in order to discuss the behaviour of the particles in the topological defects of the oily streaks. The last chapter presents a statistical analysis of the behaviour of nanoparticles in oily streaks once their concentration is increased, depending on their size in number of particles as well as the characteristics of the structure in which the single particles or the clusters are trapped. We use these elements to further our understanding of the layout of oily streaks in different thicknesses and configurations as we observe the alignment phenomenon both with single particles and clusters, as well as, for the clusters, a similar or superior degree of polarization compared to single particles, indicating an interaction between the particles’ dipoles
Pelliser, Laurent. „Assemblage et organisation de nanoparticules semi-conductrices dans des réseaux de défauts topologiques smectiques“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066300.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis discusses the use of a liquid crystal structure, called oily streaks, formed by the competition of two antagonist anchoring on each side of a submicrometric liquid crystal layer, to achieve the self-alignment and, for higher concentration, the organization, of single photon emitters on an individual scale. We discuss the internal layout of these oily streaks through measurements done in polarized optical microscopy, ellipsometry and X-ray diffraction analysis. These data sets are correlated in chapter 2 into a description of the internal structure of the oily streaks, characterized by the formation of a pattern of oriented topological defects, and an analysis of their behaviour. These streaks are then used as a template to align single photon emitters, CdSe:CdS dot-in-rods, on an individual scale alongside the main axis of the defects. We measure the alignment of their dipoles as well as their degree of polarization in order to discuss the behaviour of the particles in the topological defects of the oily streaks. The last chapter presents a statistical analysis of the behaviour of nanoparticles in oily streaks once their concentration is increased, depending on their size in number of particles as well as the characteristics of the structure in which the single particles or the clusters are trapped. We use these elements to further our understanding of the layout of oily streaks in different thicknesses and configurations as we observe the alignment phenomenon both with single particles and clusters, as well as, for the clusters, a similar or superior degree of polarization compared to single particles, indicating an interaction between the particles’ dipoles
Péroche, Sandrine. „Synthèse de fluorocyclodextrines et étude de ces systèmes à l'auto-organisation en vue d'applications biomédicales“. Lyon 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LYO10254.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRajab, Mohammad. „Organisation de nanoparticules métalliques assistée par nanostructuration de films minces de polymère à la paroi, et étude de leurs propriétés physiques“. Thesis, Mulhouse, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MULH4412/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNanotechnology became one of the most important research field of the 21st century. Though seemingly simple, the challenge is huge: achieving the formation of the smallest objects or functional structures (in a reproducible manner) and being able to control acurately their sizes and positions, as well. Answering these demands, this thesis deals with the development of a novel technique focusing on the directed growth and assembly of metallic nanostructures onto rigid substrates. First, the combination of phase separation of a block copolymer leading to the formation of nanopores, and gold nanocolloids synthesis confined in the nanoholes, has allowed the facile fabrication of hexagonally arranged gold nanoparticles onto silicon wafer. Then, the in situ reduction of colloidal silver salts has lead to the selective growth of metallic crystals onto the rigid prepatterned substrate. The control of both the physical parameters of the patterning and the chemical synthesis ones has induced the formation of various microstructures metallic morphologies ranging from nanowires, nanocrystals, nanorings and nanodisks. Spectroscopic properties, wetting and electrochemical these nanoparticles structures were finally investigated and directly correlated with crystal surface morphologies. One of the perspectives of this preliminary work is the development of a MEMS generic platform allowing the electrochemical detection of trace of molecules (volatile or refractory)
Fan, Yinan. „Rational synthesis of plasmonic/catalytic bimetallic nanocrystals for catalysis“. Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2022. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2022SORUS189.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAmong several nanocatalysts, those based on noble metal NPs deserve particular attention because of their electronic, chemical and even optical properties (in the case of plasmonic-enhanced transformations). Platinum or palladium are well known for their remarkable catalytic properties, but they are expensive and their resources are limited. In addition, single component nanocatalysts can only lead to a limited range of chemical reactions. Thus, our strategy was to develop bimetallic nanocatalysts composed of two metal elements that can exhibit synergistic effects between their physicochemical properties and enhanced catalytic activity. We have thus designed bimetallic nanocatalysts of the core-shell type composed of a silver core and a platinum shell. The interest is to combine the high and efficient catalytic activities of the platinum shell surface with the highly energetic silver core capable of enhancing the activities of the shell through its plasmonic properties. In addition, these bimetallic NPs often exhibit superior catalytic activity due to the modification of the Pt-Pt atomic bonding distance (i.e. the strain effect). In this thesis work, Ag@Pt NPs have been synthesized via a two-step process using chemically synthesized spherical Ag NPs as seeds on the one hand and platinum complexes with oleylamine on the other hand which are then reduced on the surface of the seeds at a controlled temperature. Different Ag seed sizes from 8 to 14 nm with a very low size distribution (<10%) have been obtained by adjusting the reaction time, temperature ramp, Ag precursor concentration and final temperature during the synthesis. The control of the shell thicknesses (from 1 to 6 atomic layers) has been possible by adjusting the ratio of platinum precursor to silver seed concentrations. The catalytic activity of the core-shell Ag@Pt NPs was tested by a model reaction of reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol by NaBH4 in aqueous phase. We have observed that the thickness of the Pt shell and the size of the Ag core influence the catalytic properties and led increased catalytic activity compared to pure silver or platinum. This was attributed to synergistic effects. Furthermore, we have observed an enhancement of the catalytic activity of Ag and Ag@Pt NPs under light irradiation. This is correlated to the generation of hot electrons in the Ag core. Finally, in order to develop a supported nanocatalysis platform, 3D self-assemblies also called supercrystals composed of Ag@Pt nanoparticles have been spontaneously obtained after deposition on a solid substrate due to their narrow size distribution and homogeneous shape. The catalytic activity of these supercrystals for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) has been studied by following in situ by optical microscopy the production of H2 gas nanobubbles. Three distinct behaviors in photo-catalytic activity (activity, intermittent activity and non-activity) have been observed on the supercrystals in the same region of interest. In addition, 50% of the assemblies were determined to be active for HER which was shown to be accompanied by oxidative corrosion of silver