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Zhang, Jie, und Wenxin Lin. „Historical facts of literature and personality in research – about the compilation of the book “History of Russian and Soviet literary criticism of the XX century”“. Neophilology, Nr. 24 (2020): 755–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/2587-6953-2020-6-24-755-764.
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Russian literature is an important part of world literature and is studied all over the world. In comparison with the history of literature, the history of literary criticism is more an interaction between the objectivity of literary facts and the personality of the compiler of this history. This work presents a description of the personality in research using the example of the book “History of Russian and Soviet literary criticism of the XX century” written by Chinese scientist Zhang Jie, the main task of which is to provide a theoretical basis and methods of criticism for analyzing the mechanism of reproducing the meanings of literary texts and images. We analyze the functions of literary criticism and explain the interaction and harmony of objective historical facts of literature and the compiler’s personality in the study. We define three currents of Russian and Soviet literary criticism of the 20th century: religious and cultural criticism, real literary criticism, and aesthetic criticism. We prove that history reflects not only the objectivity of factors, but also its compiler’s personality, which is an indicator. We explain the need to coordinate the objectivity of historical facts and the subjectivity of the compiler, and we present a value-based reflection of a scientific linguistic personality in the Chinese ethnoculture.
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Dodson, Giles. „REVIEW: 'Digger' media out-manoeuvred by military“. Pacific Journalism Review 18, Nr. 1 (31.05.2012): 238. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v18i1.303.
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Review of: Witnesses to War: The History of Australian Conflict Reporting, by Fay Anderson and Richard Trembath. Melbourne: Melbourne University Press, 2011, 501 pp, ISBN 978-0522856446 (pbk)Witnesses to War: The History of Australian Conflict Reporting provides a thorough-going account of the developments and, importantly, of continuities which have characterised Australian reporting of foreign wars since the 19th century. It is a welcome addition to the growing body of conflict reporting literature, in particular to that which concerns the local experience. It is clear the forces which structure Australian war journalism have remained relatively constant throughout the 20th and 21st centuries.
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Lamm, Mariya A. „The development of Belarusian literature in a multicultural context“. Slavic Almanac, Nr. 1-2 (2020): 501–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2073-5731.2020.1-2.6.04.
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Sinkova L. D. Between text and discourse: Russian literature of the XX-XXI century: history, comparative studies and criticism (lit. - crit. articles, conversations). - Minsk: Parkus plus, 2013. - 296 P. The main characteristics of the Belarusian literature development in the contest of 20th-21th century are demonstrated throughout the review. The key patterns of the poetics progression in Belarusian literature are revealed, alongside with the most noticeable algorithms of the national aesthetics establishment and the specifics of mythopoetic perception. Meaningful characteristics of Belarusian literature during Soviet period are examined particularly, especially the literature about Second World War. The national aspects of literary comprehension of the experience of German-fascist occupation in Belarusian literature during Soviet period are revealed. The important characteristic of the modern Belarusian literature after the Chernobyl disaster that has started in 1986, is emphasized upon.
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Spahić, Elmir. „The Ethics of the Anti-War Letter and Poetics of Testimony in Tvrtko Kulenović’s History of Illness (1994)“. Context: Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 9, Nr. 1 (30.06.2022): 115–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.55425/23036966.2022.9.1.115.
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Tvrtko Kulenović’s History of Illness (1994) belongs to the anti-war letter and poetics of testimony genres from late 20th-century Bosniak and Bosnian-Herzegovian literature. Although a novel, History of Illness depicts the evils of the 1992–1995 war, in which Sarajevo was besieged by the Yugoslav People’s Army and the Army of Republika Srpska. Kulenović writes from the position of victim, and advocates the idea of ethical engagement during the writing process, in which the narrative and existential selves merge. This paper uses the methodological bases of ethical literary criticism to prove the ethical dimension of the literary text.
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Liu, Miaowen, und Natalia Z. Koltsova. „Perception of works of V. Shklovsky in China“. RUDN Journal of Studies in Literature and Journalism 24, Nr. 3 (15.12.2019): 462–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-9220-2019-24-3-462-476.
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The article is devoted to studying the long-term dissemination and perception of Viktor Shklovsky's works and ideas in China from the 1930s to 2010s, while providing a brief overview of the scientific articles of Chinese Russianists, who played a key role in studying the heritage of Shklovsky conceptual apparatus in Chinese literary criticism. Particular attention is paid to the category of estrangement, firmly included in Chinese literary studies and widely used in the analysis of works of Chinese literature and cinema, have been considered such concepts of Russian formalism as literary character, reception, since the early 80s of the 20th century adopted by the science of China. The article emphasizes that the history of the perception of the theoretical views of V. Shklovsky in China includes several stages, while a true study of his works, like Russian formalism in general, begins only in the 1980s of the 20th century. The artworks of Shklovsky in China began to pay attention only to the XXI century.
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Huisman, Rosemary. „The discipline of English Literature from the perspective of SFL register“. Language, Context and Text 1, Nr. 1 (04.02.2019): 102–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/langct.00005.hui.
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AbstractThe paper first traces the history and elaboration of the tertiary discipline English Literature through the 19th and 20th centuries to the present day, with special focus on the axiology, the values, given to the discipline and with a brief account of literary criticism and literary theory. It then refers to the work on registerial cartography in systemic functional linguistics (SFL) and explores the register of the contemporary discipline in first-order field of activity and second-order field of experience, with examples from the language of webpages and exam papers of Australian universities. It continues with a brief overview of the author’s own work using SFL in the study ofthe poeticandthe narrativein English poetry and prose fiction of different historical periods and concludes with a caveat on the central disciplinary process, that of interpretation.
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Brannigan, John, Marcela Santos Brigida, Thayane Verçosa und Gabriela Ribeiro Nunes. „Thinking in Archipelagic Terms: An Interview with John Brannigan“. Palimpsesto - Revista do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras da UERJ 20, Nr. 35 (13.05.2021): 3–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.12957/palimpsesto.2021.59645.
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John Brannigan is Professor at the School of English, Drama and Film at University College Dublin. He has research interests in the twentieth-century literatures of Ireland, England, Scotland, and Wales, with a particular focus on the relationships between literature and social and cultural identities. His first book, New Historicism and Cultural Materialism (1998), was a study of the leading historicist methodologies in late twentieth-century literary criticism. He has since published two books on the postwar history of English literature (2002, 2003), leading book-length studies of working-class authors Brendan Behan (2002) and Pat Barker (2005), and the first book to investigate twentieth-century Irish literature and culture using critical race theories, Race in Modern Irish Literature and Culture (2009). His most recent book, Archipelagic Modernism: Literature in the Irish and British Isles, 1890-1970 (2014), explores new ways of understanding the relationship between literature, place and environment in 20th-century Irish and British writing. He was editor of the international peer-reviewed journal, Irish University Review, from 2010 to 2016.
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Legeżyńska, Anna. „Translatologia z perspektywy końca (wieku)“. Przestrzenie Teorii, Nr. 1 (15.02.2007): 119–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/pt.2002.1.8.
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When summing up the history of translatology in the second half of the 20th century, the author points to undoubtful achievements of this discipline as well as disputable questions and tasks for the future. She proves that the postmodern conceptions of the exhaustion of literature (Lyotard) are not reflected in studies of translation. Just the opposite, this field has been developing dynamically, although its autonomy is still questioned. The chance of translatology is its interdisciplinary character, relation with methodology of linguistic studies, using the theory of interpretation and the theory of intertextuality. Some of the questions which are disputed are: equivalentisation, non-translatability, opposition of archaisation and modernisation. In the sphere of postulates is the synthesis of Polish knowledge on translation, Formation of proper criticism of translation and codification of terminology. All these motifs of considerations are supported by references to the most important conceptions and trends of the 20th century translatology.
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Костригин, А. А. „HISTORICAL-PSYCHOLOGICAL IDEAS OF A.P. NECHAEV. PART 1: HISTORY OF LITERATURE, LITERARY CRITICISM, HISTORICAL PSYCHOLOGY“. Институт психологии Российской академии наук. Социальная и экономическая психология, Nr. 1(21) (12.04.2021): 252–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.38098/ipran.sep.2021.21.1.010.
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Статья посвящена Александру Петровичу Нечаеву (1870-1948), выдающемуся отечественному психологу и педагогу первой половины XX в. В данной работе А.П. Нечаев показан как историк психологии. Рассматриваются историко-психологические работы и взгляды ученого по трем направлениям: анализ историко-литературных работ, в которых освещаются идеи, связанные с исторической психологией; анализ работ, освещавших состояние психологии на рубеже XIX-XX вв. и об отдельных персоналиях современной Нечаеву психологии; анализ специальных историко-психологических и историко-философских работ. В первой части представляются историко-литературные и литературно-критические работы: «Об отношении Крылова к науке» (1895) и «Поэзия А.Н. Майкова. Критический очерк» (1898). Отечественный психолог анализирует взгляды И.А. Крылова на ученых и научную деятельность, выраженных в художественных метафорах и отражавших общественные и народные представления о науке. Рассматривая творчество Майкова, Нечаев показывает, что поэзия может выполнять психологические задачи: с одной стороны, она влияет на эмоциональное состояние читателя и на развитие его личности, с другой - выражает внутренние особенности самого поэта, и необходима ему для удовлетворения собственных потребностей и стремлений. Несмотря на то, что напрямую эти работы не касаются проблематики истории психологии, они показывают интерес Нечаева к историко-научным исследованиям, а также могут быть отнесены к области исторической психологии, поскольку в них представлено изучение образов ученого и поэта и их психологические качества, характерные для XIX в., через художественное творчество и литературу. The article is dedicated to Aleksander Petrovich Nechaev (1870-1948), an outstanding Russian psychologist and teacher of the first half of the 20th century. In this work, Nechaev is presented as a historian of psychology. The historical-psychological views and works of the scientist in three directions are considered: analysis of historical and literary works in which ideas related to historical psychology are presented; analysis of works covering the state of psychology at the turn of the 19th-20th centuries and dedicated to Nechaev’s contemporaries in psychology; analysis of special historical-psychological and historical-philosophical works. The first part presents the historical-literary and literary-critical works of Nechaev: «On Krylov's attitude to science» (1895) and «Poetry of A.N. Maikov. A critical sketch» (1898). The Russian psychologist analyzes the views of I.A. Krylov on scientists and scientific activities, expressed in artistic metaphors and reflecting public and popular ideas about science. Considering the work of Maikov, Nechaev shows that poetry can perform psychological tasks: on the one hand, it affects the emotional state of the reader and the development of his personality, on the other hand, it expresses the inner characteristics of the poet himself, poetry is necessary for him to satisfy his own needs and intentions. Even though these works do not directly relate to the problems of history of psychology, they show the interest of Nechaev to historical-scientific research, and can also be attributed to the field of historical psychology: through artistic creativity and literature, the author studies the images of a scientist and a poet and their psychological traits specific to the 19th century.
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Homberg, Mauricio, und Jens Ivo Engels. „Corruption Debates in the First Portuguese Republic 1910-1926“. Revista Portuguesa de História 53 (27.09.2022): 79–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/0870-4147_53_4.
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This paper deals with corruption debates as a political factor in the First Portuguese Republic. Criticism of corruption is a hitherto hardly considered aspect for understanding the instability of the Republic. Criticism of corruption as a critique of parliamentarism existed in almost all European countries in the first third of the 20th century. This essay offers a systematic examination of corruption debates in Portugal and aims to emphasise the international commonalities. Similar to the rest of Europe, these criticisms contributed to the bad image and destabilisation of the parliamentary system. The essay mainly uses political newspapers and pamphlets as sources. After an assessment of the relevant research literature and a very short section on anticorruption in the late monarchy, we will concentrate on three groups of critics: monarchical Catholic voices, radical republican commentaries, and anarchist left-wing contributions. The aim is to reconstruct patterns of argumentation of the aforementioned political directions that were typical throughout the republican period. We will also take up the alleged connection between cultural backwardness and corruption in the Portuguese self-description. In the last section, we will shortly focus on the (almost non-existent) defence strategies of the ruling Republicans.
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Siqueira Castanheira, José Cláudio. „Introduction to the Sociology of Music Technologies: An Ontological Review“. methaodos revista de ciencias sociales 10, Nr. 2 (31.10.2022): 419–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17502/mrcs.v10i2.574.
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Adorno’s work, in particular the texts dealing with the relationship between music and social behaviors or structures, has been the target of criticism, especially in the second half of the 20th century, being considered by many to be generalist, dogmatic or even elitist. This work proposes the analysis of musical technologies not only as a set of compositional techniques, as Adorno does, but, in fact, as material conditions for the realization of a certain type of sound/music. The colonialist character of these technologies is also analyzed. Based on a review of some key concepts in Adornian theory, a dialogue is sought with more contemporary authors from the sociology of music.
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Darian-Smith, Kate, Catriona Elder und Fiona Paisley. „“Are We Internationally Minded?” Everyday Cultures of Australian Internationalism in the mid-20th Century“. Journal of Australian Studies 43, Nr. 4 (02.10.2019): 405–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14443058.2019.1704171.
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Kachorovskaya, A. E. „On the Reception of the Myth of Prometheus in Austrian Literature of 19th-20th Centuries“. Nauchnyi dialog, Nr. 3 (30.03.2020): 221–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2020-3-221-235.
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This article focuses its attention on the motive of resistance characteristic of Austrian literature of the 19th - 20th centuries, which is considered from the point of view of the historical and literary relationship with the myth of Prometheus. The history of the issue is reviewed. A selective analysis of the versions of the Promethean myth in the Austrian historical and literary context of the 19th-20th centuries, which is part of the pan-European literary and philosophical heritage, is given. The stylistic and genre originality of Austrian interpretations of the myth of Prometheus is proved on the basis of a study of a number of works. The artistic reception of the image of Prometheus in the poem by Z. Lipiner "Liberated Prometheus", little studied in Russian literary criticism is considered in the article. Attention is paid to the version of the Promethean myth in the literature of Austrian Art Nouveau (on the example of F. Kafka's little prose). The issue of conflicting trends in the development of Austrian literature of the 20th century, affecting the interaction of the motive of resistance with the Promethean myth, is investigated by the example of M. Gruber's essay. The correlation of the Austrian versions of the motive of resistance with the myth of Prometheus is proved. The results of the study confirm the significance of the Promethean myth in the Austrian reception of the 19th-20th centuries, which has more pronounced features of drama and theatricality in relation to the European context.
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Kirillova, Natalia B. „Metamorphoses of Russian Mass Culture“. Observatory of Culture 16, Nr. 5 (04.12.2019): 536–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/2072-3156-2019-16-5-536-541.
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The article is a review of the monograph “Russian Mass Culture: From Baroque to Post-Modernism” by Doctor of Philosophy, Professor of the Russian State University for the Humanities, Academician of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences I.V. Kondakov. The book, which consists of seven chapters, is devoted to the history of the emergence and development of mass culture in Russia from ancient times to the beginning of the 20th century. Studying its origins dating back to antiquity, the author proves that Russian mass culture received an “impulse of independence” in the 17th century, as the culture was becoming personified, which means a personal principle was coming forward in it. It was during that period, associated with the emergence of Russian Baroque, that two paradigms appeared — Pre-Renaissance and Pre-Enlightenment, which led to the subsequent juxtaposition of “mass” and “elite” cultures in Russia first before Peter the Great and then after his period. The author gives an interesting assessment to the period of the Russian Enlightenment of the 18th century, when there happened a demarcation of the noble culture into liberal-democratic and conservative directions. Moreover, the former contributes to “massification”, and the latter – to “individualization” of Russian culture. The crisis of the classical paradigm in the 19th century, including the “literature-centrism” and “critical-centrism” of Russian culture, ultimately led to the formation of new artistic movements, new genres and styles, that is, to the modernization of Russian culture at the turn of the 19th—20th centuries. In this regard, the Silver Age turned out to be an “exquisite and ephemeral construction of the Russian Renaissance” in paradoxical forms of symbolism and modernism.The review reflected the structural and substantive aspects of I.V. Kondakov’s monograph, the features of his theoretical analysis, the specifics of style and language. The article evaluates the publication, reveals its uniqueness and scientific significance for modern humanitarian science, including history and cultural studies, literary criticism and philosophy, art criticism and aesthetics.
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Kantoříková, Jana. „Melancholy, Hanuš Jelínek and Miloš Marten“. Acta Musei Nationalis Pragae – Historia litterarum 61, Nr. 1-2 (2016): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amnpsc-2017-0022.
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The aim of this article is to present the roles of Miloš Marten (1883–1917) in the Czech–French cultural events of the first decade of the 20th century in the background of his contacts with Hanuš Jelínek (1878–1944). The first part of the article deals with Marten’s artistic and life experience during his stays in Paris (1907–1908). The consequences of those two stays to the artist’s life and work will be accentuated. The second part takes a close look at Miloš Marten’s critique of Hanuš Jelínek’s doctoral thesis Melancholics. Studies from the History of Sensibility in French Literature. To interpretate Marten’s reasons for such a negative criticism is our main pursued objective. Such criticism results not only from the rivality between Czech critics oriented to France, but also from different conceptions of the role of critical method and the role of the critic and the artist in the international cultural politics. The third part concludes with the critics’ „reconciliation‟ around 1913 by means of the common interest in the work and personality of Paul Claudel.
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Hryhorov, V. „Monumental and decorative art of the second half of the 20th century in specialized literature“. Research and methodological works of the National Academy of Visual Arts and Architecture, Nr. 27 (27.02.2019): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.33838/naoma.27.2018.99-104.
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The article deals with a number of issues highlighted in the research of monumental painting during the 1960–2000s, and follows the development of art studies literature during the specified period. Ukrainian monumental painting during the second half of the 20th century evolved rather unequally, which affecte the art criticism reflections. In the 1960's and 80's the active and dynamic development of monumental art took place. Research in this area also reached the peak of its popularity. For example, the article of I. Pronina contains a review of publications from 1973–1974, and the author brought the statistics indicating more than 200 works. (180) Since the mid-1960's, academics have been increasingly focusing on monumental art. The attitude to monumental painting in the art history literature of the 1960's is ambiguous. However, most researchers are still critical of post-war practice and consider monumental works of the late 1950`s and 1960`s as a step forward. The distinctive differences between the 1960's and 1970's – 1980's lie in various attitudes towards themes and scenes of the monumental painting. In the 1960's the monumentality was associated with the laconic content, using a set of all understandable associative attributes. The expansion of the range of themes in monumental painting in the professional literature occured in the 1970's. Since the research problem stands at the crossroads of various branches of art, important scientific advancements were reflected in such prominent professional publications as: "Architecture of the USSR", "Decorative art of the USSR" and "Fine Arts". In the 1970's the publishing house "Soviet artist" released a series of articles compilations called "Soviet monumental art." The state of monumentalism significantly changes in 1990's as there was a significant decline in the activity of this artistic direction. At this time the monumental painting fell into the field of wide-scale artistic studies. In the professional literature of the last decade the scope of art study themes has changed to a certain extent as the art historians more often address the issues previously tabooed in Soviet times, and some of them partially or fully relate to the monumental painting. To such themes belong the Sixties and Boichukizm. Today the problem of the preservation of Soviet monumental works sharply appears. Many authors turn to the theme of monumental art in order to attract the attention of society to the rapid destruction of mosaics and wall murals, and to prove their value for Ukrainian fine arts.
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Radmilo Derado, Sanja. „MERGING SOCIAL CRITICISM WITH IRISH CULTURAL HERITAGE IN THE SHORT STORY COLLECTION THE UNTILLED FIELD BY GEORGE MOORE“. Folia linguistica et litteraria X, Nr. 32 (2020): 43–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.31902/fll.32.2020.3.
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The paper analyses the short story collection The Untilled Field by the Irish writer George Moore (1852-1933) with the aim of establishing the subversive potential of these stories in the context of the criticism of the overpowering dogmas within the Irish society at the beginning of the 20th century. With this long neglected short story collection, George Moore reveals a darker, silenced side of Ireland, hidden from the public discourse of the socio-political mainstream of the period. His social criticism is primarily focused on some neuralgic aspects of the Irish society of the time, namely on the dominant influence of the Irish Catholic church on the collective ethos of the nation and, subsequently, on the spiritual and moral paralysis of the Irish people as well as on mass emigrations of the Irish to America. By pinpointing these, in his view, destructive social forces and the complex sociopolitical situation in Ireland during the formation of the modern Irish state, George Moore identifies a state of collective moral lethargy characterised by total absence of any possibility of individual affirmation through artistic agency. The importance of this short story collection, from the point of view of scientific research, lies in the foregrounding motivation behind it. In other words, in George Moore´s intention to dig deep into the relentless existence of the Irish people at one stage in the country´s history and to re-shape the well- established colonial representations which favoured falsely pastoral visions of Ireland. It was not until the second half of the 20th century that the stigma of ´un-patriotic´ and ´subversive´ was lifted from this short story collection giving it, though still limited, well-deserved attention and recognising its literary and artistic importance for Irish national culture and for its literature.
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Kuizinienė, Dalia. „Alfonsas Nyka-Niliūnas’s Literary Review: Polemical Dialogues“. Colloquia 43 (20.12.2019): 77–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.51554/col.2019.28640.
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Alfonsas Nyka-Niliūnas (1919–2015), the celebrated Lithuanian poet of the 20th century, was also one of the most prominent literary critics. For more than two decades, he had been an active literary critic, publishing his texts in Lithuanian émigré literary and culture magazines. In addition to his studies on the history and criticism of Lithuanian literature, articles on Western and Lithuanian classics, Nyka-Niliūnas wrote literary reviews. In the field of Lithuanian émigré literature and criticism, he validated a certain type of critical review which emphasized novelty, originality and evaluation of the book in question.Nyka-Niliūnas wrote his first reviews in a monthly pedagogical journal, Tremtinių mokykla [School of Exiles], published in a German DP camp. The reviews published in the journal, and later in the cultural magazine, Aidai [Echoes], stood out for their completeness, coherent structure, and strict and straightforward evaluation that allowed seeing a particular book in a broader context. A number of Nyka-Niliūnas’s reviews of this period sparked controversy and encouraged literary dialogue.In the US, Nyka-Niliūnas continued to publish literary reviews in Aidai and literary magazine, Literatūros lankai [The Pages of Literature]. In the reviews written during this period, he debated with a group of critics who held a different opinion, established the criteria for evaluating the literature, and highlighted the objectives and the importance of a literary review. Nyka-Niliūnas’s reviews can be characterized not only by author’s suggestive argumentation and fiery style, but also by his poetic metaphors.
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Pechenkin, Alexander. „The Ensemble Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics and Scientific Realism“. Acta Baltica Historiae et Philosophiae Scientiarum 9, Nr. 1 (27.05.2021): 5–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.11590/abhps.2021.1.01.
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The article takes under consideration three versions of the ensemble (statistical) interpretation of quantum mechanics and discusses the interconnection of these interpretations with the philosophy of science. To emphasize the specifics of the problem of interpretation of quantum mechanics in the USSR, the Marxist ideology is taken into account. The present paper continues the author’s previous analysis of ensemble interpretations which emerged in the USA and USSR in the first half of the 20th century. The author emphasizes that the ensemble approach turned out to be a dead end for the development of the interpretation of quantum mechanics in Russia. The article also argues that in Soviet Russia, the classical Copenhagen (standard) approach to quantum mechanics was used. The Copenhagen approach was developed by Lev Landau in 1919–1931 and became the basis of the Landau-Lifshitz famous course on quantum mechanics, one of the classics of twentieth-century physics literature (the first edition was published in 1947). Although Vladimir A. Fock’s approach to the interpretation of quantum mechanics differs from the standard presentation by Lev Landau and Evgeny Lifshitz, Fock put forward a very important principle that complementarity is a “firmly established law of nature”. The fundamental writings of Lev Landau, Vladimir Fock and Igor Tamm, the authors of the mid-twentieth century, did a lot to defend the standard point of view such as the popular interpretations by Landau and Lifshitz. This approach can be traced back to Landau’s early writings and to Fock’s criticism of the ensemble approach.
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Demidova, Olga. „Эпистолярия как литературные беседы: Письма Г. В. Адамовича А. В. Бахраху [_Epistolaria_ as Literary Conversations: Letters of Georgy Adamovich to Alexander Bacherac]“. Slavica Revalensia 8 (2021): 238–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.22601/sr.2021.08.08.
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This article is an attempt at close reading an extensive ego text (Georgy Adamovich’s letters to Alexander Bacherac of the 1940s – 1972) as a thirty-year-long literary conversation of two Russian émigré writers. Regarding the letters as a single cultural text, and relying on the hermeneutic and semiotic approaches, the article singles out three major layers of the text in question, and analyzes the textual body “inwardly,” i.e. starting from the purely existential-informational upper layer, proceeding to the layer of literary criticism, and finally reaching the layer of literary quotations and cultural allusions used as one of the basic devices forming Adamovich’s epistolary style. Comparing the letters with Adamovich’s famous Literary Conversations (Literaturnye besedy) of the 1920s, the author argues that in his correspondence with Bacherach Adamovich followed the tradition of the Russian friendly literary-philosophical discourse borrowed from the West in the 1800s and developed in the 1820s – 1830s by Alexander Pushkin and his circle. KEYWORDS: 20th-Century Russian Literature, Georgy Adamovich (1892—1972), Alexander Bacherac (1902—1985), Correspondence, History of Literature.
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Morozova, K. I. „JOLLY FELLOWS: A.K. GOLDEBAEV AND A.S. NEVEROV“. Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series History and Philology 32, Nr. 3 (08.07.2022): 594–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2412-9534-2022-32-3-594-600.
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The article examines the poetics of A.S. Neverov's “Jolly Fellows” story (1922), which shows the life of Neverov (Begunka) himself, a friend-writer A.K. Goldebaev (real name is Semenov) and his daughter Alenushka in the hungry years of the beginning of the 20th century. The choice of this particular work is due to several reasons. Firstly, the central character is Goldebaev, about whom practically nothing is known in the history of Russian literature, and the story is dedicated to one of the last years of his life. Secondly, this work is repeatedly mentioned in the correspondence of writers. Thirdly, in modern literary criticism, there are no scientific works on this story. All this testifies to the novelty and relevance of this article. The main research methods are comparative, structural and biographical. The fundamental nature of the research is ensured by the reliance on the study of unique archival material - memoirs and letters.
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Perry, Robert L., und Melvin T. Peters. „The African-American Intellectual of the 1920s: Some Sociological Implications of the Harlem Renaissance“. Ethnic Studies Review 19, Nr. 2-3 (01.06.1996): 155–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/esr.1996.19.2-3.155.
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This paper deals with some of the sociological implications of a major cultural high-water point in the African American experience, the New Negro/Harlem Renaissance. The paper concentrates on the cultural transformations brought about through the intellectual activity of political activists, a multi-genre group of artists, cultural brokers, and businesspersons. The driving-wheel thrust of this era was the reclamation and the invigoration of the traditions of the culture with an emphasis on both the, African and the American aspects, which significantly impacted American and international culture then and throughout the 20th century. This study examines the pre-1920s background, the forms of Black activism during the Renaissance, the modern content of the writers' work, and the enthusiasm of whites for the African American art forms of the era. This essay utilizes research from a multi-disciplinary body of sources, which includes sociology, cultural history, creative literature and literary criticism, autobiography, biography, and journalism.
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Torstendahl, R. „TELLING HISTORIES OR ACCOUNTING FOR ASPECTS OF THE PAST: A HISTORIOGRAPHICAL CHOICE IN A EUROPEAN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE“. Uchenye Zapiski Kazanskogo Universiteta. Seriya Gumanitarnye Nauki 163, Nr. 3 (2021): 9–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.26907/2541-7738.2021.3.9-20.
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The article departs from the difference between two types of historical writings, one narrating stories about actors and the other trying to bring about evidence that justify claims to know certain things about specific aspects of the past. From the Iliad and the Odyssey, telling stories have been a common way of presenting past events. Inscriptions and annals, as well as graves and monuments, urged to present posterity with evidence for acts and occurrences. Storytelling was always more popular than searching for evidence. In the 19th century, historians began to systematise their doubts about the truth of many stories. This source criticism has been refuted by many “historical theorists” in the late 20th and the early 21st centuries with the argument that claims that it is impossible to bring truth about the past and that all history is to be regarded as a kind of literature with, at best, symbolic “truth”. I want to reject this standpoint as based only on an internal “theory of history”-discourse and ask for analyses of actual historical research, which claims to produce new historical knowledge.
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Nosonovsky, Michael, Dan Shapira und Daria Vasyutinsky-Shapira. „Not by Firkowicz’s Fault: Daniel Chwolson’s Comic Blunders in Research of Hebrew Epigraphy of the Crimea and Caucasus, and their Impact on Jewish Studies in Russia“. Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 73, Nr. 4 (17.12.2020): 633–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/062.2020.00033.
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AbstractDaniel Chwolson (1819–1911) made a huge impact upon the research of Hebrew epigraphy from the Crimea and Caucasus. Despite that, his role in the more-than-a-century-long controversy regarding Crimean Hebrew tomb inscriptions has not been well studied. Chwolson, at first, adopted Abraham Firkowicz’s forgeries, and then quickly realized his mistake; however, he could not back up. Th e criticism by both Abraham Harkavy and German Hebraists questioned Chwolson’s scholarly qualifications and integrity. Consequently, the interference of political pressure into the academic argument resulted in the prevailing of the scholarly flawed opinion. We revisit the interpretation of these findings by Russian, Jewish, Karaite and Georgian historians in the 19th and 20th centuries. During the Soviet period, Jewish Studies in the USSR were in neglect and nobody seriously studied the whole complex of the inscriptions from the South of Russia / the Soviet Union. The remnants of the scholarly community were hypnotized by Chwolson’s authority, who was the teacher of their teachers’ teachers. At the same time, Western scholars did not have access to these materials and/or lacked the understanding of the broader context, and thus a number of erroneous Chwolson’s conclusion have entered academic literature for decades.
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Kozlyk, Ihor. „Being a Literary Critic: The Methodology of Specialist’s Life in the Profession (based on B. F. Egorov’s epistolary oeuvre)“. Pitannâ lìteraturoznavstva, Nr. 104 (27.12.2021): 197–238. http://dx.doi.org/10.31861/pytlit2021.104.197.
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The article, which is historical and scientific by character, presents the current humanitarian issues of professional epistolary communication of an outstanding Russian literary critic, Doctor of Philology, Professor B. F. Egorov (1926–2020) with fellow literary critics. The main directions of scientist’s active and versatile practices are considered on the grounds of his published letters and some letters to him in 1998–2020. The article focuses on professional communication and interaction between Ukrainian and Russian literary critics in the complex modern socio-historical and political conditions of interstate relations. The letters are published for the first time and are accompanied by the necessary historical and cultural comments and bibliographic notes. The material contained in them is important not only for the history of Russian and East Slavic literary criticism of the 20th century, but also it is relevant in terms of the prospects of academic studies of literature and the development of productive communication between scholars studying fiction in order to perform the main cultural function of literary studies.
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Jurgutienė, Aušra. „Some Comments on the Changes, Contradictions and Connections of Literary Theories in Lithuania“. Interlitteraria 25, Nr. 1 (30.06.2020): 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/il.2020.25.1.5.
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The paper presents a brief history of literary theories that have been used in Lithuania for the last century (1918–2018). Certain general patterns of development are visible in Lithuanian literary studies: movements from positivist (M. Biržiška) to anti-positivist (V. Mykolaitis-Putinas) history and from Marxist history (K. Korsakas) to postmodern New Historicism. The mid-20th century marked the first applications of modern literary theories (first in exile, later among those who stayed in occupied Lithuania). A. J. Greimas became an eminent theoretician in exile, having established a world-famous school of semiotics in Paris. A large number of Lithuanian scholars worked in this field in Lithuania and abroad (J. Ambrazevičius-Brazaitis, Rimvydas Šilbajoris, Vytautas Kavolis, Bronius Vaškelis, Violeta Kelertienė, Ilona Gražytė-Maziliauskienė, Viktorija Skrupskelytė, Tomas Venclova, Vanda Zaborskaitė, Kęstutis Nastopka, Albertas Zalatorius, Vytautas Kubilius, Viktorija Daujotytė, Irena Kostkevičiūtė), but except for the Greimas Paris School of Semiotics, which created its own field, literary theories had mostly a practical and educational impact on interpretations of Lithuanian disciplines.
After the restoration of Lithuanian independence in 1990, the renewal of literary theory reached its peak that lasted for about two decades. The J. Greimas Semiotics Studies and Research Centre (now the A. J. Greimas Centre for Semiotics and Literary Theory) was established at Vilnius University in 1992, books written by A. J. Greimas were translated into Lithuanian and the publishing of academic journals “Semiotika” and “Baltos lankos” started. The so-called second wave of postmodern theories (intertextuality, narratology, feminism, postcolonialism, sociology, anthropology, new historicism deconstruc tion, reader response) has attracted the attention of literary scholars, bringing discussions about literature back to the fields of history, culture and politics (Nijolė Keršytė, Paulius Subačius, Irina Melnikova, Marijus Šidlauskas, Birutė Meržvinskaitė, Eugenijus Ališanka). Theories have updated the concepts and vocabulary of literary studies and reading strategies and helped literary scholars integrate themselves into international research more successfully. Along with the hermeneutics of trust, the hermeneutics of suspicion – questioning and complicating interpretations and identities of all texts, was taking an increasingly important place in Lithuanian literary research. Nevertheless, at this time the strengthened position of post-theoretical criticism cannot be anti-theoretical, ignoring the entire heritage of the 20th century.
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Makarova, E. A. „The Book Publishing in the Pre-revolutionary Irkutsk: On the “Cultural Nest” Problem“. Studies in Theory of Literary Plot and Narratology, Nr. 1 (2019): 50–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/2410-7883-2019-1-50-62.
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The paper focuses on the literary and publishing situation in Irkutsk in the second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries viewed as the combination of factors that gave grounds for N. K. Piksanov to introduce the concept of “cultural nest” into the academic parlance. The concept conjugates three stable elements: “a certain group of actors, constant activity and disciples.” The Irkutsk literary and art collections are analyzed from an interdisciplinary perspective that allows direct transfer of research methods from one academic field to another. In this case, historical and literary criticism aims at identifying sociocultural “era slices” in historical, cultural, and publishing context, which makes it possible to relate the development paradigm of almanac literature to the dynamics of social development and processes in related areas of book culture. The literary history of Irkutsk, as well as of the entire Siberian region, begins with the publication of N. S. Shchukin’s Siberian Tales, compiled and published by in 1862. In the mid-1870s, the controversy around the local press, closely monitored in the metropolitan media, resulted in the scholarly and literary collection of the “Sibir’” newspaper published in St. Petersburg in 1876. In fact, the first Siberian literary anthology was the collection of poems Siberian Motifs, published by a famous Irkutsk activist and philanthropist I. M. Sibiryakov. The most successful and longlasting publishing project of the last decades of the 19th century was Siberian Collections, published as a scholarly and literary supplements to Yadrintsev’s newspaper “Vostochnoe Obozrenie” in 1885 in St. Petersburg, and later, from 1888 to 1906 in Irkutsk. In the early 20th century, the first purely commercial book publishing enterprise in Irkutsk was “Irisy” Publishing House founded by the Stozhs. The most successful literary projects were the collections Baikal in Poetry and Prose. Part 1 and Siberian Poets and Their Works, edited by a well-known journalist, literary critic, Marxist and publisher N. Chuzhak-Nasimovich. Among other Irkutsk editions of the first decades of the 20th century the most typical were the student collections The First Snowdrop and Northern Dawns, as well as the anthology Irkutsk Evenings, published by a group of poets led by Konstantin Zhuravsky, who also edited the collection. As a result, the proposed interdisciplinary approach made it possible to correlate the development paradigm of almanac literature with the dynamics of social development and the processes occurring in related areas of the book culture in the pre-revolutionary Irkutsk.
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Shalygina, O. V. „Time and space in the motor aesthetics of A. Volynsky“. Solov’evskie issledovaniya, Nr. 4 (15.12.2019): 100–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.17588/2076-9210.2019.4.100-113.
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The article describes the original aesthetic and philosophical concept – the motor aesthetics of Akim Volynsky. Volynsky uses the concept of «motor aesthetics» in the Kniga likovanii, describing the value of circular lines for the «all aesthetics, visual, sound and motor», and particularly pirouette for motor aesthetics. The term «motor aesthetics of Akim Volynsky» is used in this article for the first time and is studied by the author from an interdisciplinary perspective. Motor aesthetics is developed by Volynsky for plastic art as a language of description of classical ballet, he introduces the basic concepts, formulates the laws, defines the basic philosophical categories that underlie it. The importance of Volynsky's work on the formation of the language of classical ballet description is recognized in the professional environment and theater criticism. The study of the motor aesthetics of Akim Volynsky is relevant in connection with the study of the philosophical foundations of intermedial analysis. The article deals with the problem of time and space in the motor aesthetics of Akim Volynsky for the first time. The direct connection of Volynsky's later works on ballet with his early article on Kant is revealed, the conclusion about the originality of Volynsky's philosophical position in relation to the categories of time and space is made. Using the thesaurus of Kant's transcendental aesthetics, Volynsky defines the two-act structural relationship of time and space according to the «par coupe» (fr) principle, which he regards as universal. It was concluded of Volynsky's motorial aesthetics value not only in the history of classical ballet and theatre criticism, the history of of the Russian literature and philosophy of the late 19th - early 20th century, but also in the modern philosophical anthropology and ontology.
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Kinkley, Jeffrey C. „The Monster That Is History: History, Violence, and Fictional Writing in Twentieth-Century China. By David Der-Wei Wang. [Berkeley, Los Angeles and London: University of California Press, 2004. 402 pp. ISBN 0-520-23140-6.]“. China Quarterly 182 (Juni 2005): 439–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741005270261.
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This celebration of modern Chinese literature is a tour de force, David Wang's third major summation in English. He is even more prolific in Chinese. Wang's command of the creative and critical literatures is unrivalled.Monster's subject is “the multivalence of Chinese violence across the past century”: not 1960s “structural violence” or postcolonial “epistemic violence,” but hunger, suicide, anomie, betrayal (though not assassination or incarceration), and “the violence of representation”: misery that reflects or creates monstrosity in history. Monster thus comments on “history and memory,” like Ban Wang's and Yomi Braester's recent efforts, although for historical reasons modern Chinese literature studies are allergic to historical and sociological methodologies.Monster is comparative, mixing diverse – sometimes little read – post-May Fourth and Cold War-era works with pieces from the 19th and 20th fins de siècle. Each chapter is a free associative rhapsody (sometimes brilliant, sometimes tedious; often neo-Freudian), evoking, from a recurring minor detail as in new historicist criticism, a major binary trope or problematic for Wang to “collapse” or blur. His forte is making connections between works. The findings: (1) decapitation (loss of a “head,” or guiding consciousness?) in Chinese fiction betokens remembering or “re-membering” (of the severed), as in an unfinished Qing novel depicting beheaded Boxers, works by Lu Xun and Shen Congwen, and Wuhe's 2000 commemoration of a 1930 Taiwanese aboriginal uprising; (2) justice is poetic, but equals punishment, even crime, in late Qing castigatory novels, Bai Wei, and several Maoist writers; (3) in revolutionary literature, love and revolution blur, as do love affairs in life with those in fiction; (4) hunger, indistinct from anorexia, is excess; witness “starved” heroines of Lu Xun, Lu Ling, Eileen Chang and Chen Yingzhen; (5) remembering scars creates scars, as in socialist realism, Taiwan's anticommunist fiction, and post-Mao scar literature; (6) in fiction about evil (late Ming and late Qing novels; Jiang Gui), inhumanity is all too human and sex blurs with politics; (7) suicide can be a poet's immortality, from Wang Guowei to Gu Cheng; (8) cultural China's most creative new works invoke ghosts again, obscuring lines between the human, the “real,” and the spectral.
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Tkachuk, Olena. „MULTICULTURALISM BY CONRAD-EMIGRANT“. Polish Studies of Kyiv, Nr. 35 (2019): 376–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/psk.2019.35.376-380.
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The article is devoted to the problem of the multiculturalism by Joseph Conrad, the English writer and the world classic of the 20th century, who, due to the preservation of his Polish national-cultural identity, and by estrangement from this identity in his artistic consciousness, was able to influence the intellectual and artistic atmosphere in England of his times. In this way, the Polish identity became a background for Conrad’s artistic creativity, and at the same time, universal values and criteria were the key to the successful acculturation in English society in its one of the most effective strategies – the integration strategy. In this case Conrad acquired another national-cultural identity, English, – while retaining his native, Polish. Undoubtedly, one of the most important issues touched by almost all researchers is his arrival in English literature, a Pole in origin, who only arrived in England in the twenty-first year, actually emigrating, and for a very short time becaming a venerable writer. It should be noted that, taking into account the peculiarities of English mentality, the task was rather uneasy. All this undoubtedly led to the development of a variety of approaches to understanding the creative personality and rich heritage of Joseph Conrad. Foreign literary and critical academic circles, which introduced the concept of «new English literature» (meaning the post-colonial period), do not take into account such figures of the English literary process as Joseph Conrad, whose work falls out of its chronological framework, and indicates that multicultural literature appeared on the approaches to the twentieth century. However, only nowadays it was possible that such an approach was based on the principles of multiculturalism, that is, the phenomenon justified in the 90s of the XX century, although, as the majority of scholars testify, it existed for a long time in cultural studies, literary criticism, art history and philosophy. We have chosen this approach. The research is devoted to the study of the problems of national-cultural identity by Joseph Conrad, as well as the mechanism of his acculturation in the conditions of emigration.
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Montoya, Pablo. „Tomás Carrasquilla y los críticos colombianos del siglo XX“. Estudios de Literatura Colombiana, Nr. 23 (16.08.2013): 111–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17533/udea.elc.16263.
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Resumen: El artículo hace un recorrido por las maneras en que los críticos colombianos más representativos del siglo XX han interpretado la obra de Carrasquilla. El cotejo de las diferentes lecturas permite, a su vez, aproximarse a los núcleos temáticos más polémicos que ha suscitado Carrasquilla a lo largo del tiempo en el seno de la crítica literaria nacional. Desde el asunto del lenguaje, pasando por la parodia y el humor, hasta las cuestiones del regionalismo y el cosmopolitismo son tratadas en este artículo. Se sopesan desde la actualidad las visiones que sobre Carrasquilla hicieron Baldomero Sanín Cano, Rafael Maya, Hernando Téllez, Rafael Gutiérrez Girardot y Rafael Humerto Moreno Durán, entre otro. Este itinerario culmina con una lectura de las posiciones que la Revista Mito y los nadaístas asumieron frente a la obra del escritor antioqueño. Descriptores: Crítica literaria colombiana del siglo XX; Regionalismo; Realismo; Lenguaje popular; Humor y parodia: Revista Mito; Dadaísmo; Valoraciones sobre la obra de Carrasquilla. Abstract: This is a survey on the ways 20th century Colombian literary critics have interpreted Tomás Carrasquilla's literary production. The confrontation of the different readings allows to approach the more polemical issues provoked by the author in the core of national literary criticism, such as: language, parody and humor, regionalism and cosmopolitanism. The points of view of Baldomero Sanín Cano, Rafael Maya, Hernando Téllez, Rafael Gutiérrez Girardot and Rafael Humerto Moreno Durán are weighed here from a contemporary perspective. This itinerary closes with a reading of the positions assumed about Carrasquilla's work by the editors of the journal Mito and the Nadaistas. Key Words: Colombian literary criticism; Regionalism; Realism; Popular language; Humor and parody; Mito journal; Nadaism.
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Petrošienė, Lina. „Singing Tradition of the Inhabitants of Lithuania Minor from the Second Half of the 20th Century to the Beginning of the 21st Century“. Tautosakos darbai 61 (01.06.2021): 97–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.51554/td.21.61.04.
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The article analyses how the folk singing tradition of the Lithuania Minor developed in the late 20th and in the early 21st centuries. It examines the activities of the folklore groups in the Klaipėda Region during the period of 1971–2020, focusing on those that assert fostering of the lietuvininkai singing tradition as their mission or one of their goals. The study employs the previously unused materials, which allow revising the former research results regarding the revival of the Lithuanian ethnic music and show the folklore ensembles working in the Klaipėda Region as a significant part of the Lithuanian folklore movement and the revival of the ethnic music, emerging from the 1960s. Special emphasis is placed on the early phase in adoption of the lietuvininkai singing tradition related to the activities of the folklore ensemble “Vorusnėˮ established in 1971 at the Klaipėda faculties of the State Conservatory of the former LSSR, and the role it had in prompting the creation of other folklore groups in Klaipėda, as well as its impact on the broader cultural and educational processes taking place in the Klaipėda Region.In the 20th century, the prevailing narrative regarding the Lithuanian inhabitants of the Lithuania Minor maintained that books, hymns, schools, church, social and cultural organizations, and choral or theatre activities were the most significant factors influencing the cultural expression of lietuvininkai, while the Lithuanian folklore was hardly practiced anymore or even considered an inappropriate thing. Judging from the folklore recordings, the folk singing tradition supported by the lietuvininkai themselves disappeared along with the singers born in the late 19th century. However, after the WWII, it was adopted and continued by the folklore groups appearing the Klaipėda Region. These groups included people from the other regions of Lithuania who had settled there. This is essentially the process of reviving the ethnic music, which began in Europe during the Enlightenment period and continues in many parts of the world.“Vorusnėˮ was founded in 1971 as the first institutional student folklore ensemble in Klaipėda Region. For 27 years, its leader was a young and talented professor of the Baltic languages Audronė Jakulienė (later Kaukienė). She became the founder of the linguistic school at the Klaipėda University (KU). In the intense and multifaceted activities of the “Vorusnėˮ ensemble, two different stages may be discerned, embracing the periods of 1971–1988 and 1989–2000.In 1971–1988, the ensemble mobilized and educated students in the consciously chosen direction of fostering the Lithuanian ethnic culture, sought contacts with the native lietuvininkai, collected and studied ethnographic and dialectal data, prepared concert programs based on the scholarly, written, and ethnographic sources, gave concerts in Lithuania and abroad, and cooperated with folklore groups from other institutions of higher education.In 1989–2000, the “Vorusnėˮ ensemble engaged in numerous other areas of activity. The children‘s folklore ensemble “Vorusnėlėˮ was established in 1989; both “Vorusnėˮ and “Vorusnėlėˮ became involved in the activities of the community of the Lithuania Minor founded in 1989. The leader of the ensemble and its members contributed to the establishment of the Klaipėda University, which became an important research center of the Prussian history and culture. The leader of the ensemble and her supporters created a new study program of the Lithuanian philology and ethnology at the KU, which during its heyday (2011–2014) had developed three levels of higher education, including bachelor’s, master’s and doctoral studies. The Folklore Laboratory and Archive was established at the Department of the Baltic Linguistics and Ethnology, headed by Kaukienė, and young researchers in philology, ethnology, and ethnomusicology were encouraged to carry out their research there. In the course of over two decades, Kaukienė initiated organizing numerous research conferences dealing with lietuvininkai language and culture.Until 1980, “Vorusnėˮ was the only folklore ensemble in the Klaipėda Region, but in 1985, there were already ten folklore ensembles. These ensembles developed different creative styles that perhaps most notably depended on the personal structure of these ensembles and their leaders’ ideas and professional musical skills. Generally, at the beginning of their activity, all these ensembles sang, played and danced the folklore repertoire comprising all the regions of Lithuania. The activities of “Vorusnėˮ and other folklore ensembles in Klaipėda until 1990 showed that revival of folklore there essentially followed the lines established in other cities and regions of Lithuania.During the first decade after the restoration of independence of Lithuania in 1990, folklore was in high demand. In Klaipėda, the existing ensembles were actively working, and the new ones kept appearing based on the previous ones. The folklore ensembles of the Klaipėda Region clearly declared their priorities, embracing all the contemporary contexts. Some of them associated their repertoire with the folklore of lietuvininkai, others with Samogitian folklore.The lietuvininkai singing tradition was adopted and developed in two main directions.The first one focused on authentic reconstruction, attempting recreation with maximumaccuracy of the song‘s dialect, melody, and manner of singing, as well as its relationship tocustoms, historical events or living environment. The second direction engaged in creativedevelopment, including free interpretations of the songs, combining them with other stylesand genres of music and literature, and using them for individual compositions. These twoways could be combined as well. Lietuvininkai are not directly involved in these activities, butthey tolerate them and participate in these processes in their own historically and culturallydetermined ways.The contemporary artistic expression of the promoters of the lietuvininkai singing tradition is no longer constrained by the religious and ideological dogmas that were previously maintained in the Lithuania Minor and in a way regulated performance of these songs. It is determined nowadays by consciousness, creativity, resourcefulness, and knowledge of its promoters. The dogmas of the Soviet era and modernity have created a certain publicly displayed (show type) folklore. The ensembles took part of the institutionalized amateur art, subsequently becoming subject to justified and unjustified criticism, which is usually levelled on them by the outsiders studying documents and analyzing processes. However, favorable appreciation and external evaluation by the participants of the activities and the local communities highlight the meaning of this activity.
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Rošker, Jana. „A Chinese View on the Cultural Conditionality of Logic and Epistemology: Zhang Dongsun’s Intercultural Methodology“. Asian Studies, Nr. 3 (01.12.2010): 43–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/as.2010.14.3.43-60.
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Recognizing the fact that comprehension, analysis and transmission of reality are based on diversely structured socio-political contexts as well as on different categorical and essential postulates, offers a prospect of enrichment. Thus, this article presents an analysis and interpretation of one of the first Chinese theoreticians, working in the field of intercultural methodology. Although Zhang Dongsun (1886–1973) can be considered as one of the leading Chinese philosophers of the 20th Century, his criticism of Sinicized Marxist ideologies marked him as a political dissident and he was consequently consigned to oblivion for several decades; only recently has his work been rediscovered by a number of younger Chinese theorists, who have shown a growing interest in his ideas. Although he is still relatively unknown in the West, Zhang definitely deserves to be recognized for his contributions to Chinese and comparative philosophy. The present article focuses on his extraordinary ability to introduce Western thought in a way which was compatible with the specific methodology of traditional Chinese thought. According to such presumptions, culture is viewed as an entity composed of a number of specific discourses and relations. The article shows how the interweaving and interdependence of these discourses form different cultural backgrounds, which manifest themselves in the specific, culturally determined structures of language and logic. It also explains the role of traditional elements in his cultural epistemology.
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Zabiyako, Anna A., und Wang Yuqi. „The Image of the Perception of the Japanese and Japan in the Pre-Revolutionary Experience of Artistic Reflection: The Genre Aspect“. Humanitarian Vector 17, Nr. 1 (Februar 2022): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21209/1996-7853-2022-17-1-19-28.
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The relevance of the research is determined by the interest of modern literary criticism in the imagological aspects and the problem of developing a research strategy in relation to this kind of texts. The novelty of the work is defined by the genre approach to the study of the image of perception of Japan and the Japanese in Russian pre-revolutionary literature dedicated to the events of the Russian-Japanese war, the introduction of previously unknown texts into scientific circulation, a comparative analysis of narrative strategies that determine the genre specificity of each text. The purpose of the work is to explicate the genre originality of works on the RussianJapanese war, which determines the perspective of the pre-revolutionary artistic reception of the image of perception of Japan and the Japanese in Russia. The methodology is based on an interdisciplinary approach that underpins the imagological paradigm of research. The authors rely on Russian and Chinese works on the history of Japan, Russian-Japanese relations, ethnography of Japan, ethnopsychology, religious studies, on the broad context of imagological research; apply historical-literary, comparative-historical, immanent analysis methods. The complex research is based on modern works concerning the problems of genre studies. The article traces the path of transformation of perceptions of Japan and the Japanese in Russian literature since the middle of the 19th century to the beginning of 20th century which is determined by the genre task of the works: from the first travelogues to the jingoistic notes in periodicals and further to “pacifist” fiction and post-war artistic experiences – the spy and detective text by A. I. Kuprin, the military diaries by V. V. Veresaev, a children’s ethnographic story by I. I. Mitropolsky. We conclude that the tragic and inglorious experience of the Russian-Japanese war pushed the horizons of not only the scientific comprehension of Japan and the Japanese by Russian scientists but also giving development to various genres of Russian literature opened the artistic possibilities of new ethnocultural and ethnopsychological experiences of self-knowledge of Russianness and Russians.
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Vasic, Aleksandar. „The beginnings of Serbian music historiography: Serbian music periodicals between the world wars“. Muzikologija, Nr. 12 (2012): 143–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/muz120227007v.
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The transition of the 19th into the 20th century in Serbian music history was a period of music criticism, journalism and essay writing. At that time, Serbian musicology had not yet been developed as an academic discipline. After WWI there were many more academic writings on this subject; therefore, the interwar period represents the beginning of Serbian music historiography. This paper analyses Serbian interwar music magazines as source material for the history of Serbian musicology. The following music magazines were published in Belgrade at the time: Muzicki glasnik (Music Herald, 1922), Muzika (Music, 1928-1929), Glasnik Muzickog drustva ?Stankovic? (Stankovic Music Society Herald, 1928-1934, 1938-1941; from January 1931. known as Muzicki glasnik /Music Herald/), Zvuk ( Sound, 1932-1936), Vesnik Juznoslovesnkog pevackog saveza (The South Slav Singing Union Courier, 1935-1936, 1938), Slavenska muzika ( Slavonic Music, 1939-1941), and Revija muzike (The Music Review, 1940). A great number of historical studies and writings on Serbian music were published in the interwar periodicals. A significant contribution was made above all to the study of Serbian musicians? biographies and bibliographies of the 19th century. Vladimir R. Djordjevic published several short biographies in Muzicki glasnik (1922) in an article called Ogled biografskog recnika srpskih muzicara (An Introduction to Serbian Musicians? Biographies). Writers on music obviously understood that the starting point in the study of Serbian music history had to be the composers? biographical data. Other magazines (such as Muzicki glasnik in 1928 and 1931, Zvuk, Vesnik Juznoslovenskog pevackog saveza, and Slavenska muzika) published a number of essays on distinguished Serbian and Yugoslav musicians of the 19th and 20th centuries, most of which deal with both composers? biographical data and analysis of their compositions. Their narrative style reflects the habits of 19th-century romanticism and positivism: in some of these writings the language also has an aesthetic function. Serbian interwar music magazines also published some archival documents contributing to the future research of Serbian music history. Interwar period in the then Yugoslavia was a time of rapid development and modernization in various fields of culture. There was a great demand for music writings of general interest. Therefore, Revija muzike (January - June 1940) was totally oriented towards the popularization of music and the arts (such as drama and film). This magazine also published some popular articles on music history. Serbian interwar music periodicals were least active in the field of musicological analysis. However, in 1934, Branko M. Dragutinovic published a detailed analytic study of Josip Slavenski?s composition Religiofonija (Religiophonics) in Zvuk. There were also some interdisciplinary history articles in Serbian interwar music magazines. Being well aware of the fact that music history comprises not only music itself, but also music writing, schools, institutions and music life, our music writers used ?indirect? sources, such as literature and art, as well as music. Serbian interwar music periodicals opened many fields of research, thus blazing a trail in postwar Serbian musicology.
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Orekhov, Vladimir V. „Background of Russian Imagology: Tradition as an Indication of Target“. Imagologiya i komparativistika, Nr. 14 (2020): 143–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/24099554/14/7.
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Focusing on the history of Russian imagology, the article aims at identifying the origins of the imagological interests in research and public thought in Russia in the first and second thirds of the 20th century as well as research approaches of that time that may be required by modern imagology. This analytical insight arises from the endeavor of contemporary scholars to update and develop the imagology paradigm. The Patriotic War of 1812 and the entry of Russian troops into Paris in 1814 gave a powerful impulse to the imagological interests in Russian society. These events highlighted the irrational nature of European stereotypes and provided an opportunity for the Russian intellectual elite to observe how the European image of Russia evolves depending on the historical situation, which, in its turn, induced the Russians to collect and conceptualise the information about the image of Russia in European texts of different epochs. The Rossica Department in the Imperial Public Library was opened for the scholars to do bibliographic research of foreign publications about Russia. Commenting foreign essays about Russia was an important part of Russian academic and journalistic activity. Such publications regularly appeared in Syn Otechestva, Otechestvennye zapiski, Severnyy Arkhiv, Sovremennik, Biblioteka dlya chteniya, Russkiy vestnik, and Zhurnal Ministerstva narodnogo prosveshcheniya. The first imagological research proper was V.A. Klyuchevsky’s Skazaniya inostrantsev o Moskovskom gosudarstve [Legends of Foreigners about the Moscow State, 1866]. Without a critical analysis of foreign sources, the historian uses excerpts from different foreign texts to reconstruct an integral image of the Moscow state in the European consciousness. Although the first Russian imagological researches appeared in history, they laid the basis for the development of literary criticism. The book collection “Rossica” allowed Russian and foreign scholars (M.P. Alekseev, B.L. Modzalevsky, E.V. Tarle, M. Kadot) to study the Western literary opinion about Russia. Yu.M. Lotman relied on the imagological observations made by V.A. Klyuchevsky and his followers. Methodology of Soviet imagological research in literary criticism (M.P. Alekseev, B.G. Reizov, A.K. Vinogradov) was guided by the principles of history. These facts give grounds to speak about the formation of the Russian tradition of imagological researches, which has two characteristics: 1) following the principle of historicity and 2) focus on the functioning of the image of Russia in European literature of different epochs. In this context, it seems relevant for the Russian imagological works to focus on the phenomenon of “reverse reception” in Russian literature of the 19th century, that is on the Russian writers’ endeavor to comprehend the European image of Russia (to create a “meta-image”) and to oppose this image with their own holistic idea of Russia and its national features.
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Affeldt, Stefanie. „The Burden of ‘White’ Sugar: Producing and Consuming Whiteness in Australia“. Studia Anglica Posnaniensia 52, Nr. 4 (20.12.2017): 439–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/stap-2017-0020.
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Abstract This article investigates the history of the Queensland cane sugar industry and its cultural and political relations. It explores the way the sugar industry was transformed from an enterprise drawing on the traditional plantation crop cultivated by an unfree labour force and employing workers into an industry that was an important, symbolical element of ‘White Australia’ that was firmly grounded in the cultural, political, nationalist, and racist reasoning of the day. The demographic and social changes drew their incitement and legitimation from the ‘White Australia’ culture that was represented in all social strata. Australia was geographically remote but culturally close to the mother country and was assigned a special position as a lone outpost of Western culture. This was aggravated by scenarios of allegedly imminent invasions by the surrounding Asian powers, which further urged cane sugar’s transformation from a ‘black’ to a ‘white man’s industry’. As a result, during the sugar strikes of the early 20th century, the white Australian sugar workers were able to emphasize their ‘whiteness’ to press for improvements in wages and working conditions. Despite being a matter of constant discussion, the public acceptance of the ‘white sugar campaign’ was reflected by the high consumption of sugar. Moreover, the industry was lauded for its global uniqueness and its significance to the Australian nation. Eventually, the ‘burden’ of ‘white sugar’ was a monetary, but even more so moral support of an industry that was supposed to provide a solution to population politics, support the national defence, and symbolize the technological advancement and durability of the ‘white race’ in a time of crisis.
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Smykovskaya, Tatyana E. „The literary journal of Arseny Alving “Zhatva” or About one forgotten edition of the Silver Age“. Philological Sciences. Scientific Essays of Higher Education, Nr. 1 (Januar 2022): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.20339/phs.1-22.073.
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The paper is devoted to the literary magazine “Zhatva” which was published in Moscow from 1911 to 1916. Its creator and editor was a talented poet, critic and translator Arseny Alving. The tragic fate of Alving, who was repressed in 1933, did not make “Zhatva” possible to take a firm place among the outstanding periodicals of the first quarter of the 20th century. The magazine, as well as the poet, was forgotten and did not come in view of literary critics. This research paper makes the first attempt to restore the history of “Zhatva”, to characterize its aesthetic program, to outline the circle of writers grouped around the periodical. The six-year existence of the journal testifies to the constant creative search of the editor. “Zhatva”, initially presented as a literary album, existed in different genre guises (from an almanac to a literary herald), varied the composition and differed in content tolerance towards the representatives of certain artistic movements. “Zhatva” had a branched structure, the literary department published such masters of the word as A. Akhmatova, K. Balmont, V. Bryusov, S. Gorodetsky, M. Kuzmin, A. Kuprin, A. Remizov and many others. Although he was a poet, Alving strove for a balance between lyrical and prosaic material. The latter material often prevailed in the magazine. The critical section was especially popular among the writers and readers. Alving himself often published his articles there. The literary works and the criticism of the magazine give a volumetric idea of the literature of the early twentieth century as of a living, dynamic system where the literary dominants of the era were developed and the great reputation of the writers, who were declared as the classics of the Silver Age decades later, was being formed.
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Roasto, Margo. „Marksismi retseptsioon ja dogmaatilise marksismi kriitika Eesti alal aastatel 1905–16“. Ajalooline Ajakiri. The Estonian Historical Journal 177, Nr. 3/4 (20.06.2022): 169–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/aa.2021.3-4.02.
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In Estonian historiography, the revolutionary year of 1905 has been described as a starting point for subsequent political changes in 1917 and 1918. Hence many authors have highlighted the importance of political development that led to the foundation of the first Estonian political parties in 1905. However, the ideological differentiation of Estonian political thought between the revolutionary years of 1905 and 1917 has been studied less. The aim of this article is to analyse the political debates on Marxist theory that took place in the Estonian area of the Baltic provinces from 1905 to 1916.
The leaders of the Estonian socialist movement first became acquainted with Marxist theory through German and Russian socialist literature. Since 1905, various texts by socialist authors were also available to a wider audience in Estonian. First and foremost, the works of German social democrats were published in Estonian. During 1910–14, the first volume of Karl Marx’s Capital was translated into Estonian. While it had often previously been argued that socialism benefits all oppressed people, Marxist ideology was now presented as a scientific theory that explained economic development and protected the interests of industrial workers in a class society.
The article claims that during the period from 1905 to 1916, recognised experts on Marxist ideology emerged among Estonian socialists. In addition to Marxist tactics, Estonian socialist authors discussed theoretical issues such as the material conception of history. In these discussions, the personal conflicts between Estonian socialists as well as their ideological disagreements became evident. More broadly, these discussions were shaped by earlier ideological debates among European socialists at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century.
The article also argues that during the period considered, several Estonian left-wing thinkers questioned the validity of Marxism. Influenced by Bernstein’s revisionist ideas, these thinkers criticised Marxism as a one-sided and dogmatic ideology. They claimed that Marxism was just another theory with both strengths and weaknesses. However, Estonian social democrats who embraced Marxism as a scientific theory responded to such criticism and defended the materialist view of society.
The debates on Marxist theory considered here provide evidence of the ideological differentiation of Estonian left-wing political thought. From 1905 to 1916, numerous socialist texts in Estonian presented various approaches for understanding Marxist ideology. Thus, one can witness an intensified reception of Marxism in the Estonian area during that period. More specifically, these ideological debates reveal new facets of the political views of Estonian socialists who later affected the course of Estonian history as communist revolutionaries or as members of the Estonian Constituent Assembly.
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Martyanova, Svetlana A. „PUSHKIN-DOSTOEVSKY MYTH ABOUT “DEVILRY” IN THE WORKS OF T. YU. KIBIROV“. Tyumen State University Herald. Humanities Research. Humanitates 7, Nr. 4 (2021): 180–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.21684/2411-197x-2021-7-4-180-191.
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The article is devoted to the analysis and interpretation of the myth of “devilry” in the works of the modern Russian poet T. Yu. Kibirov. The myth of “devilry”, which goes back to the poem “Demons” by Alexander Pushkin (1830), has a special place in the history of Russian literature of the 19th and 21st centuries. V. A. Grekhnev identified its main components, and D. M. Magomedova traced the path of myth in post-Pushkin literature, from M. Yu. Lermontov to M. A. Bulgakov. At the same time, the life of the Pushkin-Dostoyevsky myth of “demonic” in post-symbolist literature, in independent Russian literature of the 20th century and modern literature remains unexplored. The author of the article, referring to the material of T. Yu. Kibirov’s “Message to Lev Rubinstein” (1989), “Give me a deconstruction! Gave…”, “Good for Chesterton — he lived in England”, “Historiosophical centon”, “We did not sell Christ”, “Happy New Year” etc., the poem “Kara-Baras”, dramatic experiments “The night before and after Christmas”, “Victory over Phoebus”, the chronicles “Lada, or Joy”, reveals elements of similarity with the traditions of A. S. Pushkin and F. M. Dostoevsky: images of empty darkness and chaos, loss of the path, value orientations, an appeal to the symbolism of the ballad genre, presented in a serious, playful, ironic tone. The classical tradition contains important keys and values for understanding new reality and becomes an integral part of the artistic language of its description. At the same time, fidelity to the classics is devoid of a sense of exclusivity, loud pathos, moralism, often includes idyllic, sentimental, humorous tones. The poet’s return to the classical literary tradition occurs after oblivion or denial of its values in Soviet times, which gave rise to the cultural problems of the post-Soviet period. In the course of the work, the methods of comparative literary criticism, intertextual analysis, mythopoetic and historical and cultural studies were used.
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Pylypchuk, Oleh, Oleh Strelko und Yuliia Berdnychenko. „PREFACE“. History of science and technology 11, Nr. 2 (12.12.2021): 271–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.32703/2415-7422-2021-11-2-271-273.
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The issue of the journal opens with an article dedicated to the formation of metrology as government regulated activity in France. The article has discussed the historical process of development of metrological activity in France. It was revealed that the history of metrology is considered as an auxiliary historical and ethnographic discipline from a social and philosophical point of view as the evolution of scientific approaches to the definition of individual units of physical quantities and branches of metrology. However, in the scientific literature, the little attention is paid to the process of a development of a centralized institutional metrology system that is the organizational basis for ensuring the uniformity of measurements. The article by Irena Grebtsova and Maryna Kovalska is devoted to the of the development of the source criticism’s knowledge in the Imperial Novorossiya University which was founded in the second half of the XIX century in Odesa. Grounding on a large complex of general scientific methods, and a historical method and source criticism, the authors identified the stages of the formation of source criticism in the process of teaching historical disciplines at the university, what they based on an analysis of the teaching activities of professors and associate professors of the Faculty of History and Philology. In the article, the development of the foundations of source criticism is considered as a complex process, which in Western European and Russian science was the result of the development of the theory and practice of everyday dialogue between scientists and historical sources. This process had a great influence on the advancement of a historical education in university, which was one of the important factors in the formation of source studies as a scientific discipline. The article by Tetiana Malovichko is devoted to the study of what changes the course of the probability theory has undergone from the end of the 19th century to our time based on the analysis of The Theory of Probabilities textbook by Vasyl P. Ermakov published in 1878. The paper contains a comparative analysis of The Probability Theory textbook and modern educational literature. The birth of children after infertility treatment of married couples with the help of assisted reproductive technologies has become a reality after many years of basic research on the physiology of reproductive system, development of oocyte’s in vitro fertilization methods and cultivation of embryos at pre-implantation stages. Given the widespread use of assisted reproductive technologies in modern medical practice and the great interest of society to this problem, the aim of the study authors from the Institute for Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine was to trace the main stages and key events of assisted reproductive technologies in the world and in Ukraine, as well as to highlight the activities of outstanding scientists of domestic and world science who were at the origins of the development of this area. As a result of the work, it has been shown that despite certain ethical and social biases, the discovery of individual predecessor scientists became the basis for the efforts of Robert Edwards and Patrick Steptoe to ensure birth of the world's first child, whose conception occurred outside the mother's body. There are also historical facts and unique photos from our own archive, which confirm the fact of the first successful oocyte in vitro fertilization and the birth of a child after the use of assisted reproductive technologies in Ukraine. In the next article, the authors tried to consider and structure the stages of development and creation of the “Yermak”, the world's first Arctic icebreaker, and analyzed the stages of preparation and the results of its first expeditions to explore the Arctic. Systematic analysis of historical sources and biographical material allowed to separate and comprehensively consider the conditions and prehistory for the development and creation of “Yermak” icebreaker. Also, the authors gave an assessment to the role of Vice Admiral Stepan Osypovych Makarov in those events, and analyzed the role of Sergei Yulyevich Witte, Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev and Pyotr Petrovich Semenov-Tian-Shansky in the preparation and implementation of the first Arctic expeditions of the “Yermak”icebreaker. The authors of the following article considered the historical aspects of construction and operation of train ferry routes. The article deals with the analysis and systematization of the data on the historical development of train ferry routes and describes the background for the construction of train ferry routes and their advantages over other combined transport types. It also deals with the basic features of the train ferries operating on the main international train ferry routes. The study is concerned with both sea routes and routes across rivers and lakes. The article shows the role of train ferry routes in the improvement of a national economy, and in the provision of the military defense. An analysis of numerous artefacts of the first third of the 20th century suggests that the production of many varieties of art-and-industrial ceramics developed in Halychyna, in particular architectural ceramic plastics, a variety of functional ceramics, decorative tiles, ceramic tiles, facing tiles, etc. The artistic features of Halychyna art ceramics, the richness of methods for decorating and shaping it, stylistic features, as well as numerous art societies, scientific and professional associations, groups, plants and factories specializing in the production of ceramics reflect the general development of this industry in the first half of the century and represent the prerequisites the emergence of the school of professional ceramics in Halychyna at the beginning of the 20th century. The purpose of the next paper is to analyze the formation and development of scientific and professional schools of art-and-industrial ceramics of Halychyna in the late 19th – early 20th centuries. During the environmental crisis, electric transport (e-transport) is becoming a matter for scientific inquiry, a subject of discussion in politics and among public figures. In the program for developing the municipal services of Ukraine, priorities are given to the development of the infrastructure of ecological transport: trolleybuses, electric buses, electric cars. The increased attention to e-transport on the part of the scientific community, politicians, and the public actualizes the study of its history, development, features of operation, etc. The aim of the next study is to highlight little-known facts of the history of production and operation of MAN trolleybuses in Ukrainian cities, as well as to introduce their technical characteristics into scientific circulation. The types, specific design solutions of the first MAN trolleybus generation and the prerequisites for their appearance in Chernivtsi have been determined. Particular attention has been paid to trolleybuses that were in operation in Germany and other Western European countries from the first half of the 1930s to the early 1950s. The paper traces the stages of operation of the MAN trolleybuses in Chernivtsi, where they worked during 1939–1944 and after the end of the Second World War, they were transferred to Kyiv. After two years of operation in the Ukrainian capital, the trolleybuses entered the routes in Dnipropetrovsk during 1947–1951. The purpose of the article by authors from the State University of Infrastructure and Technologies of Ukraine is to thoroughly analyze unpaved roads of the late 18th – early 19th century, as well as the project of the first wooden trackway as the forerunner of the Bukovyna railways. To achieve this purpose, the authors first reviewed how railways were constructed in the Austrian Empire during 1830s – 1850s. Then, in contrast with the first railway networks that emerged and developed in the Austrian Empire, the authors made an analysis of the condition and characteristics of unpaved roads in Bukovyna. In addition, the authors considered the first attempt to create a wooden trackway as a prototype and predecessor of the Bukovyna railway.
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Bikmaeva, Karina I. „Этапы языковой политики в Монгольской Народной Республике“. Монголоведение (Монгол судлал) 14, Nr. 2 (10.08.2022): 232–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.22162/2500-1523-2022-2-232-246.
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Introduction. The 20th century reform of Mongolian writing shaped the basis for wide transformations in the country’s culture, science, and education. It is noteworthy that the language policy in the Mongolian People’s Republic was not only reduced to the Cyrillic reform of 1941. Goals. The article attempts a variety of insights into multiple directions of language policy in the Mongolian Peo\ple’s Republic. The work distinguishes four main stages of the latter’s implementation, and also compares those to similar processes in the USSR. Materials and methods. The paper analyzes Russian and Mongolian language sources, primarily laws and regulations of the USSR and the Mongolian People’s Republic, special attention be paid to works titled ‘The Revolution and Writing’ and ‘Public Education, Culture, Arts, and Science [in the MPR]: Systematically Collected Decrees and Laws’. Results. It reveals the MPR’s language policy was being implemented in strict compliance with similar processes in the Soviets. And it was largely the language policy that served a key to the successful abolition of illiteracy nationwide, modernization of Mongolian society, and spread of Soviet and European cultures. However, certain aspects and consequences of the language policy — primarily the intensified ‘Russification’ — would give rise to rejection and criticism among the Mongolian intelligentsia. Conclusions. Subsequently, this very reaction led to a dramatic rethink of the language policy in the 1990s, which attests to the significance of analyzing the MPR’s policy in this realm for better understanding of the situation in contemporary Mongolia.
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Kudrina, Elena V. „Collection of Children's Letters in the A.M. Gorky Archive of the A.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences“. Herald of an archivist, Nr. 4 (2022): 1198–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2022-4-1198-1211.
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The article is devoted to the review of one of the sections of the A. M. Gorky Archive of the A. M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences (AG IMLI RAN). The section contains a large collection of children's letters addressed to the “great proletarian writer.” The archive stores letters from children dating from 1899 to 1936. There are about 3000 children’s letters in the collection. Systematic and information methods have been used to study the collection; based on the principle of comprehensive study of documents, they have permitted to consider documents as elements of one system and to study the content. Source analysis has made it possible to study the internal and external features of documents and also helped to develop the basis for their classification and systematization within the archival collection. Typological and historical-functional research methods have made it possible to classify letters and consider them in the changing socio-cultural contexts. The collection of children's letters at the AG IMLI RAN is diverse and extensive. Most of it has not been subjected to detailed scientific analysis. The relevance of the research topic is due to the need for detailed consideration and comprehensive understanding of the materials of the collection. Scientific and practical significance of the research lies in the possibility of using its results in a variety of scientific aspects: historical, biographical, source studies, textual, literary, cultural, etc. The reason for the study is insufficient knowledge of the collection of children's letters stored in the archive, which are of scientific interest. The purpose of the study is to describe and to study the collection of children's letters to M. Gorky, to introduce interesting material into scientific use and to provide its preliminary analysis. When using typological analysis, three groups of letters have been identified: individual, collective, and those from adults. The same method has made it possible to divide letters by social, age, geographical principle. The genre-thematic analysis has helped to divide the letters into subgroups united by common formal, substantive, and functional features: letters of request, letters of thanks, letters containing reviews, letters containing feedback on Gorky's artistic and journalistic works, letters with reports, letters of greeting, letters of invitation, letters of complaint. The archive also contains drawings, illustrations, postcards, photographs of children, and children's writings (poems, fairy tales, short stories, plays). Content analysis of the materials allows us to conclude that children's letters contribute to the study of social history, literary process, and epistolary heritage of the first half of the 20th century; they are able to provide new information for those who study the history of pedagogy, textual criticism, literary criticism. Systematic analysis of the collection allows us to consider children's letters in the historical and literary context of the era. Drawing on the analysis of archival documents, the conclusion is made that Gorky initiated the correspondence and stimulated children's writing. The letters demonstrate that the writer was perceived by his young contemporaries as assistant and defender, his works and public activities were of great educational value. Some letters in the collection contain Gorky’s notes, showing his attitude to the text. Children's letters supplement the knowledge of the personality of M. Gorky and his addressees. An important result of the comprehensive study of the archival material is discovery of information opportunities and source studies potential of the collection of children's letters in the AG IMLI RAN.
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Šeina, Viktorija. „Literary canon studies: methodological guidelines“. Literatūra 61, Nr. 1 (20.12.2019): 11–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/litera.2019.1.1.
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The article presents for the Lithuanian audience an interdisciplinary approach of literary canon studies that integrates diverse methods of various disciplines (sociology of literature and culture, literary and cultural history, teaching of literature, text reception and aesthetic response history, memory and media research and bibliography studies). The most intense development of literary canon studies can be observed in Western Europe and the United States in the last decade of the 20th century. This was due to the fact that the scholars engaged in the field of postcolonialism, gender studies and neo-Marxism gave it a strong impulse by initiating a debate about insufficient representation of some social groups (women, racial or ethnic minorities and people from lower social strata) in high school curricula in the USA. The debate was expanded into theoretical polemics of whether the canon is formed by means of objective aesthetic criteria or, on the contrary, canon depends on the social contract. Methodologically, investigations of literary canon that are genetically related to the tradition of sociology of culture seem to be the most productive, while this perspective provides an apparatus for a detailed investigation of relations between specific interests of literary field and wider national, social or group interests.The framework of this article is based on the studies of John Guillory, Renate von Heydebrand and Simone Winko. Their essential starting point is the understanding of the canon as a sociocultural process in which the political elite selects a corpus of significant texts in accordance with tradition and formulates practices that ensure the transmission of those texts for future generations. Therefore, canon formation turns to be a strategy based on complex relations of evaluation, cognition and actions that aims to conserve this selected knowledge and transmit it to future generations. The structure of the canon is directly related to the notion of literature and literariness; a society (or its group) defines its canon by considering what they recognize as valuable.Unlike religious canons, which can only be constructed by theologians, there are a lot of canonizing institutions (schools, universities, literary criticism, theatre repertoire, book market, libraries, etc.) involved in the formation of literary canons. They do not create any well-balanced system of the canon but rather conduct diverse practices of canonization. We can distinguish a micro and macro level in the process of canon formation. The micro level contains a lot of separate actions of canonization that propel the canonization process which enables the canon formation at macro level. Origin, stabilization and transformation of literary canon are multidimensional processes, thus it is essential not to lose sight of the interaction of separate dimensions.
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Petrovic, Sonja. „Milovan Vojicic's epic songs about the Kosovo battle 1389 in the Milman Parry collection of oral literature“. Prilozi za knjizevnost, jezik, istoriju i folklor, Nr. 75 (2009): 21–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pkjif0975021p.
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In "The Milman Parry Collection of Oral Literature" on Harvard University out of 131 epic songs recorded from Milovan Vojicic, several are dedicated to the popular theme of the Serbian and Balkan epic - the Kosovo Battle 1389 (Prince Lazar and Milos Obilic, The Defeat of Kosovo, ?he Kosovo Tragedy, The Kosovo Field after the Battle, The Death of Mother Jugovici, The Death of Pavle Orlovic at Kosovo, noted in 1933-34 in Nevesinje). The paper examines Vojicic?s Kosovo songs from the perspective of textual, stylistic and rhetoric criticism, poetics, and memory studies. An analysis of Milovan Vojicic?s Kosovo epic poetry leaves an impression of an active singer who has internalised tradition, and on this foundation composes new works in the traditional manner and "in the folk style". Vojicic is a literate singer who was familiar with the collections of Vuk Karadzic, Bogoljub Petranovic, the Matica Hrvatska, and the songbooks of the time. He did not hesitate to remake or rewrite songs from printed collections or periodicals, which means that his understanding of authorship was in the traditional spirit. Vojicic?s compilations lie on that delicate line between oral traditional and modern literary poetry; he is, naturally, not alone in this double role - the majority of the gusle-players who were his contemporaries could be similarly described. In the body of Kosovo epic poetry Vojicic?s songs stand out (The Death of Pavle Orlovic at Kosovo, The Kosovo Tragedy), where he abandons the printed model and achieves the kind of originality which is in fact part of tradition itself. Vojicic highly valued oral tradition and the opportunity to perform it, as part of the process of creating an image of himself as a folk gusle-player in modern terms. For this reason, his repertoire includes both old and new themes. They are sung according to the epic standard, but also in accordance with the modern standard of epic semi-literary works. In Vojicic?s world, oral tradition is an important component in viewing the historical past, and in perceiving reality and the singer?s place in it. The epic is a form of oral memory and the guardian of remembrance of past events; however it also provides a space for surveying and commenting on modern historical situations in a popularly accepted manner, at times in an ideological key, as seen in songs which gather together major historical events. This perception of the epic tradition and history is mirrored in the heterogeneity of the corpus and in the repertoire of songs, and is all a consequence of vastly changed conditions of origin, existence and acceptance, i.e. the consumption of oral works in the first half of the 20th century, in a process of interaction between literature and folklore.
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Sulyak, S. G. „I.P. Filevich and Carpathian Rus Part 1. Biography“. Rusin, Nr. 62 (2020): 32–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/18572685/62/3.
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Ivan Porfirevich Filevich (August 20 (September 1), 1856 – January 7 (20), 1913) – a Russian historian, publicist, and public figure, born in Chełm Land to the family of a Uniate priest, a native of Galicia, Orthodox. He graduated from St. Petersburg University, later taught Russian language, literature, and history at the First Realschule and at the Gymnasium of the Imperial Philanthropic Society in St. Petersburg. Since 1890, he worked at the Department of Russian History at the Imperial Warsaw University, first as an extra-ordinary professor, and since 1897 as an ordinary professor. His origin predetermined his interest in the history of Carpathian Rus, in particular Galicia and Chełm Land, and its population. In 1890, he received a Master’s degree for his work “The Struggle of Poland and Lithuania-Rus for the Galician-Vladimir Legacy”. In 1897, he defended his doctoral degree at Kazan University on “History of Ancient Rus. Territory and Population”. He frequently travelled across Carpathian Rus. Having retired in 1908, he devoted himself to journalistic and social activities. Ivan Filevich authored monographs: “The Struggle of Poland and Lithuania-Rus for the Galicia-Vladimir Legacy. Historical Sketches” (1890) and “History of Ancient Rus. Territory and Population” (1896), as well as numerous studies, among which were: “A Forgotten Corner” (1881), “Ugric Rus and Related Issues and Tasks of Russian Historical Science” (1894), “Sketch of the Carpathian Territory and Population” (1895), “On the development of geographical nomenclature” (1899), “Concerning the theory of two Russian nationalities” (1902), “The question of two Russian nationalities and ‘Kievan Antiquity’” (1902), “Carpathian Rus on the eve of the 20th century” (1905), “From the History of Carpathian Rus. Essays on Galician-Russian Life Since 1772 (1848–1866)” (1907) etc. Many of his minor materials (criticism and bibliographies) were published in Izvestia of the St. Petersburg Slavic Charitable Society, Slavic Review, Journal of the Ministry of Public Education, Warsaw University News, etc. In his last years, Filevich was actively involved in social and journalistic activities, popularizing scientific knowledge and informing readers about Western Russian, especially Chełm and Polish issues. His articles were published mainly in Novoye Vremya. He drew up notes and historical references for the development of legislative proposals on the Chełm and presented historical, statistical, and economic materials in the Duma commission on the separation of Chełm. Filevich managed to see the results of his work. The law “On the formation of Chełm province from the eastern parts of the Lublin and Sedletsk provinces, with its removal from the administration of the Warsaw Governor-General” was approved on June 23 (July 6) 1912. However, in fact, the province was officially opened on September 8, 1913, after I.P. Filevich’s death.
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Svitlenko, Serhiy. „Ukrainian intellectual Trokhym Zinkivskyi and preservation of historical memory of Taras Shevchenko“. Chornomors’ka Mynuvshyna, Nr. 17 (31.12.2022): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/2519-2523.2022.17.268828.
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The personality of Trochym Zinkivskyi (1861–1891) remains little known and insufficiently developed in modern Ukrainian historiography. The purpose of the article is to study the figure of Trokhym Zinkivskyi in the context of the problem of preserving the historical memory of Taras Shevchenko. Research methods are personalistic, historical-genetic and historical-systemic. Sources: published epistolaries of T. Zinkivskyi and his addressees, memories of contemporaries, biographical articles in the Ukrainian press of the beginning of the 20th century etc. The main results consist in elucidating the peculiarities of the formation of T. Zinkivskyi's worldview under the conditions of the oppression of the Southern Ukrainian lands by the Russian imperial regime, in particular in Berdyansk, Feodosia and Odesa, the establishment of his Ukrainian national-democratic views during his studies and military service in Smila, Shpola and Uman, in Kyiv and St. Petersburg. It is noted that an important factor in the development of his Ukrainian consciousness and identity was his family upbringing, which instilled love for his native language and formed Christian, religious values. A prominent role was played by the reading circle, which included Shevchenkov's «Kobzar» along with other literary works of Ukrainian and foreign writers; as well as Ukrainian folk art. V. Kravchenko, L. Smolenskyi, B. Grinchenko, M. Komarov, and a number of representatives of the Ukrainian colony in St. Petersburg were included in the closest circle of persons who significantly influenced the formation of the worldview of the Ukrainian figure. The article traces the main stages of the intellectual and public activity of the Ukrainian figure in the matter of preserving the historical memory of Kobzar. It is noted that already in the middle and second half of the 80s of the 19th century. T. Zinkivskyi began work in the field of Ukrainian literature, took care of translation activities. In St. Petersburg, he was able to begin wider work for the benefit of Ukrainianism and became an ideological leader of young Ukrainians. The powerful vital energy of the activist was organically combined with consistent and convinced actions in the name of the Ukrainian cause. In the youth group at Shevchenko's anniversary, T. Zinkivskyi read a number of essays, such as «The National Question in Russia», «Shevchenko in the Light of European Criticism», «Young Ukraine» and others. His essay «Taras Shevchenko in the Light of European Criticism», which was read in Ukrainian on the evening of February 25, 1889 in the capital of the empire, was of exceptional importance. This speech, prepared mostly on the basis of French, Austrian, German, and Polish historiographical sources, presented Kobzar as a figure of global poetic scale and destroyed the perception of the Russian metropolitan public about Ukrainians and the Ukrainian language as something provincial and inferior. Conclusions.T. Zinkivskyi became one of the brightest representatives of the «Young Ukraine» generation. The short-lived but important intellectual activity of the ideological leader of young Ukrainians, in particular, speeches at the Shevchenko anniversary, publication of abstracts, epistolaries, drew the attention of contemporaries to the figure of Taras Shevchenko, to his poetic heritage; actualized the issue of preserving the historical memory of Kobzar as a leader of the national values of Ukrainians. It has been proven that during the 1880s and early 1890s, T. Zinkivskyi's intellectual activity contributed to the progress of Ukrainian public affairs and national science, the establishment of Ukrainian national consciousness among the generation of young Ukrainians. The practical significance of the article is that the given material will be of interest to specialists in the context of studying the ethno-national history of Ukraine in the second half of the 19th century. The originality of the article lies in the understanding of insufficiently studied aspects of the activity of the Ukrainian intellectual, who stood at the origins of the idea of «Young Ukraine». Scientific novelty in updating the intellectual activity of T. Zinkivskyi in the matter of preserving Ukrainian national memory and forming national consciousness and identity.
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Kozlov, A. E. „Satirical Weekly “Iskra”: Post-Folklore, Post-Irony and Post-Modern“. Vestnik NSU. Series: History and Philology 20, Nr. 6 (11.08.2021): 19–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2021-20-6-19-34.
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Purpose. The reputation of the satirical weekly Iskra is traditionally determined by the political context of the Russian Empire in 1860s. Despite the fact that in the first years of its existence, the publication attracted writers of various fractions, views, and convictions, Iskra was perceived as a radical magazine, “…another department of Sovremennik”. Moreover, Iskra’s defamations and attacks against provincial and capital officials, and writers have become an inte gral part of the everyday life of the 1860s. Individual articles and whole issues have been banned and censored, though this policy only promoted and strengthened the reputation of weekly. Later, reflecting the importance of the magazine, the Soviet literary criticism established a typological relationship between Iskra by Kurochkines brothers and the left-wing newspaper of the same name published by V. I. Lenin at the beginning of the 20th century. This article attempts to reinterpret Iskra, implying a “weakening” of the sociological and political aspects of interpretation in favor of the aesthetic ones.Results. The article put forward a hypothesis that publications such as Charivari, Punch, and Iskra can be considered from perspective of modern discursive practices: post-folklore (the phenomenon of variable text and multiple authorship), post-modernity (discrediting the classical heritage or its carnival rethinking) and post-irony (deconstruction of modern leaders of opinion, self-exposure). Based on the study of prosaic and poetic parodies and satire, graphic texts - cartoons and serials (comics), the author analyzes the specificity of the construction and presentation of Russian reality as an anti-world. The article contains fragments of prose and poetic feuilletons by D. D. Minaev, V. P. Burenin, and M. Stopanovsky, many of which are published for the first time.Conclusion. Iskra as a product of the polemical journalism of the Russian Empire in 1860s displayedan experience of a new aesthetics (a kind of anti-aesthetics), synthesizing schoolchildren (cartoons) and decadent subcultures (Baudelaire translations). Apparently, the 8000 subscribers included not only a radical and democratic reader but also a general audience, equally tired of the official tone of government periodicals and the moralizing of the progressive camp. Demonstrating Russian life as the so-called ‘antiworld’, Iskra proposed a version of “carnival liberation”, which was probably reflected in the poetics of many contemporaries: M. E. Saltykov-Shchedrin, N. S. Leskov, F. M. Dostoevsky. In this regard, the issue of post-folklore, post-modernism, post-truth, and post-irony on the pages of Iskra rather remained unresolved. However, the change in perspective, it seems to us, enables reinterpretation of the previously collected data, allowing us to give a new interpretation.
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Эфендиева, Назрин Расим кызы, und Ирина Анатольевна Поплавская. „S. YA. MARSHAK AS A TRANSLATOR OF POETRY AND PROSE BY G. RODARI“. Tomsk state pedagogical university bulletin, Nr. 4(222) (15.07.2022): 137–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.23951/1609-624x-2022-4-137-146.
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Введение. Диалог русской и западноевропейской литературы, переводы иноязычных текстов и их ассимиляция в принимающей культуре, создание национальных мирообразов – все эти вопросы являются актуальными в современном литературоведении, переводоведении, страноведении. Эстетические принципы С. Я. Маршака при переводе поэзии и прозы итальянского писателя Дж. Родари соответствуют его концепции перевода-портрета и органично вписываются в историю русской и итальянской литературы для детей середины XX в. Цель видится в раскрытии взаимосвязи между принципами Маршака-переводчика и их преломлением в переводах поэзии и прозы Дж. Родари, адресованных ребенку-читателю. Материал и методы. Материалом исследования являются критические статьи С. Я. Маршака, стихотворения Дж. Родари «Чем пахнут ремесла?», «Венеция» и прозаическая повесть-сказка «Приключения Чиполлино», переведенная З. М. Потаповой и отредактированная С. Я. Маршаком. В работе используются рецептивный и имагологический подходы, сравнительно-типологический, сравнительно-исторический и сравнительно-сопоставительный методы, а также контекстуальный анализ и контент-анализ оригинальных произведений Родари и их русских аналогов-переводов. Результаты и обсуждение. Выделяются разные типы переводов – «адресный» перевод К. И. Чуковского, «перевод-портрет» и перевод-редактирование С. Я. Маршака. В соответствии с поэтикой итальянской поэзии для детей и итальянской литературной сказки анализируются переводы С. Я. Маршаком стихотворений Дж. Родари и перевод-пересказ повести «Приключения Чиполлино». Выявляются фольклорные истоки итальянской детской литературы, связь сказки о мальчике-луковке с традициями «commedia dell’arte» и с волшебной сказкой, раскрываются особенности читательской рецепции ребенка, осмысляется «двойная» эстетическая позиция автора, пишущего для детей: «взрослое» сознание, воскрешающее в себе сознание и мировосприятие ребенка. Рассматриваются и сравниваются переводческие принципы С. Я. Маршака-поэта и С. Я. Маршака-прозаика. Подчеркивается роль произведений Дж. Родари в формировании русско-итальянских литературных и культурных взаимосвязей и в становлении отечественной литературы для детей.Заключение. Анализируется близость переводческих принципов Дж. Родари и С. Я. Маршака, выясняется соотнесенность переводческих стратегий русского автора с традициями отечественной переводной литературы. Раскрывается роль С. Я. Маршака и М. Горького в открытии Государственного издательства детской литературы в 1933 г. Определяется круг писателей, заложивших основы советской литературы для детей в первой половине XX в. Выявляется связь переводческих принципов С. Я. Маршака с концепцией современного адаптивного перевода Г. М. Кружкова. Для полноты рецепции русской литературы для детей привлекается статья М. И. Цветаевой «О новой русской детской книге». Introduction. The dialogue of Russian and Western European literature, translations of foreign texts and their assimilation in the host culture, the creation of national world images – all these issues are relevant in modern literary criticism, translation studies, and country studies. The aesthetic principles of S. Ya. Marshak in translating the poetry and prose of the Italian writer J. Rodari correspond to his concept of translation-portrait and organically fit into the history of Russian and Italian literature for children in the middle of the 20th century. The purpose of the article is seen in the disclosure of the relationship between the principles of Marshak-translator and their refraction in translations of poetry and prose by J. Rodari, addressed to the child reader. Material and methods. The material of the study is critical articles by S. Ya. Marshak, poems by G. Rodari “What do crafts smell like?”, “Venice” and the prose story-tale “The Adventures of Cipollino”, translated by Z. M. Potapova and edited by S. Ya. Marshak. The work uses receptive and imagological approaches, comparative-typological, comparative-historical and comparative-comparative methods, as well as contextual and content analysis of Rodari’s original works and their Russian counterparts-translations.Results and discussion. There are different types of translations – “address” translation by K. I. Chukovsky, “translation-portrait” and translation-editing by S. Ya. Marshak. In accordance with the poetics of Italian poetry for children and the Italian literary fairy tale, S. Ya. Marshak’s translations of G. Rodari’s poems and the translation-retelling of the story “The Adventures of Cipollino” are analyzed. The folklore origins of Italian children’s literature are revealed, the connection of the fairy tale about the onion boy with the traditions of “commedia dell’arte” and with a fairy tale, the features of the reader’s perception of the child are revealed, the “double” aesthetic position of the author writing for children is comprehended: “adult” consciousness, resurrecting in itself the consciousness and worldview of the child. The translation principles of S. Ya. Marshak-poet and S. Ya. Marshak-prose writer are considered and compared. The role of the works of G. Rodari in the formation of Russian-Italian literary and cultural relationships and in the formation of Russian literature for children is emphasized. Conclusion. The closeness of the translation principles of J. Rodari and S. Ya. Marshak is analyzed, the correlation of the translation strategies of the Russian author with the traditions of Russian translated literature is clarified. The role of S. Ya. Marshak and M. Gorky in the opening of the State Publishing House of Children’s Literature in 1933 is revealed. The circle of writers who laid the foundations of Soviet literature for children in the first half of the 20th century is determined. The connection between the translation principles of S. Ya. Marshak and the concept of modern adaptive translation by G. M. Kruzhkov is revealed. For the completeness of the reception of Russian literature for children, the article by M. I. Tsvetaeva “On the new Russian children’s book” is used.
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Nagornaya, Yana V. „А. М. REMIZOV AND FOLKLORE: ON THE ISSUE OF RESEARCH METHODOLOGY“. Philological Class 26, Nr. 2 (2021): 155–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.51762/1fk-2021-26-02-13.
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The article presents a critical review of research works on the topic “Folklore-literary interaction in the creative activity of A.M. Remizov” published in Russian. The study of the topic has been conducted mainly within the framework of literary criticism. Meanwhile, for a writer known for his commitment to preservation and innovative approach to traditional literary genres, folklore is one of the dominant sources of creativity. Currently, Remizov studies cannot boast of generalizing works on folklorism in the writer’s creative activity and on the influence of oral folk art genres on his artistic system, so one of the aims of the article is to attract scholarly interest to the issue and stimulate further research in this area. The publication gives a brief description of the current state of research on the problem, identifies the main vectors of its consideration and reveals the academic lacunae. The author analyzes the works, which deal with the creative heritage from the point of view of folklore studies and address the problems of the typology of folklorism and mythologism of the writer, clarify the range of folklore sources and the specificity of working with them, as well as the role and function of the author’s comments on the miniatures of Posoloni. These notes to the texts were created under the influence of a literary scandal related to the accusation of the writer of plagiarism. The assessment of the events around this incident by specialists in Remisov studies and folklorists does not coincide, the article outlines prospects for further research. The author undertakes a detailed description of the influence of the texts of calendar rite, spiritual verses, fairy tale, conspiracy-spell tradition, folk drama, children’s folklore and Russian folk pictures on the writer’s creative activity. For the first time, the author poses a hypothesis about the possible influence of the aesthetics of rayok (“World Cosmorama”) on the work of A. M. Remizov by the example of the fairy-tale novella “What is Tobacco”, which which depicts the reformatting of the apocryphal model by artistic means of lubok and rayok. The analysis of numerous studies made it possible for the author of the article to conclude that the writer’s creative activity does not only reflect the real diversity of folklore genres but also such specific features of them as oral format and variability. The results of the study can be used in the design of the course of the history of Russian literature and folklore studies of the beginning of the early 20th century, in the studies dealing with folklore-literary interaction, and in popularization and publication of folklore texts.