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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Australian lamb industry“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Australian lamb industry"
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Pannier, L., E. N. Ponnampalam, G. E. Gardner, D. L. Hopkins, A. J. Ball, R. H. Jacob, K. L. Pearce und D. W. Pethick. „Prime Australian lamb supplies key nutrients for human health“. Animal Production Science 50, Nr. 12 (2010): 1115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an10132.
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This study investigated genetic and non-genetic factors affecting the iron, zinc and omega-3 fatty acid levels of fresh lamb meat. Results from the 2007 progeny of the Australian Sheep Industry Cooperative Research Centre Information Nucleus flock, ~2000 lambs, are presented here. The average level of iron and zinc in lamb muscle was 2.05 and 2.31 mg/100 g, respectively. The iron level was 103% of that required to claim lamb as a ‘good source’ of iron for men of all ages and women older than 50 years, and the average level of zinc was 116% of that required to claim lamb as a ‘good source’ of zinc for women, but was insufficient for a ‘good source’ claim for men. The iron and zinc content of muscle were affected (P < 0.001) by age at slaughter, sex, site at which the lambs were reared, and sire (independent of breed). Lambs from all sites reached the ‘source’ claim for iron for all adults and lambs from all sites, expect lambs from the Cowra and Hamilton sites, had greater iron levels than that required for a ‘good source’ claim for men and women over 50 years old. For zinc, all sites reached the ‘source’ and ‘good source’ claim for men and women, respectively. The major sources of variation in omega-3 fatty acid levels were site and kill group within site (P < 0.001), most likely reflecting nutritional differences associated with the availability of green feed. The eicosapentaenoic acid + docosahexaenoic acid values for all sites indicated that lambs from the Cowra, Rutherglen and Struan sites had adequate levels for a ‘source’ claim of omega-3. The overall average level of eicosapentaenoic acid + docosahexaenoic acid in lamb meat was 23.5 mg/100 g, which is higher than the level required to claim lamb as a ‘source’ of omega-3. The effect of sire on omega-3 fatty acid level was small, but statistically significant (P < 0.001). These results confirm that lamb can represent a ‘source’ or ‘good source’ of these nutrients.
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Hopkins, D. L., E. S. Toohey, K. L. Pearce und I. Richards. „Some important changes in the Australian sheep meat processing industry“. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 48, Nr. 7 (2008): 752. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea07393.
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In the last 5 years there has been a dramatic increase in the adoption in the Australian sheep meat processing industry of electrical technologies designed to streamline processing and improve product quality. Part of this change was initiated by an Australia-wide audit of lamb tenderness in 1997–98 and the development of a program to establish an eating quality scheme for sheep meat across Australia. Critically, these initiatives coincided with the development of new ways of administering electrical currents to either bodies or carcasses. Underlying this new approach is the electrocution of carcasses individually on segmented electrodes in a dose responsive way with electricity that has short pulse widths and lower voltages. This paper documents the pivotal factors which have contributed to this level of industry adoption and which has seen 14 abattoirs install the new technology. Of these abattoirs only one previously had any form of stimulation and these abattoirs represent more than 70% of the throughput of sheep and lambs on a tonnage basis per year in Australia.
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Hutchison, Dayna, Bronwyn E. Clarke, Serina Hancock, Andrew N. Thompson, Elise Bowen und Caroline Jacobson. „Lower Reproductive Rate and Lamb Survival Contribute to Lower Lamb Marking Rate in Maiden Ewes Compared to Multiparous Ewes“. Animals 12, Nr. 4 (18.02.2022): 513. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12040513.
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Suboptimal reproductive performance of maiden (primiparous) ewes remains a source of inefficiency for the Australian sheep industry. However, the extent and causes of the poorer reproductive performance of maiden ewes on Australian sheep farms are not well understood. Here, we show the reproductive performance of maiden ewes relative to their multiparous counterparts on the same farms across Australia using a cohort survey. The difference in marking rate for non-Merino maiden ewe lambs compared to multiparous ewes was 58% (74 vs. 132%; p < 0.001), and this was attributable to a 50% difference in reproductive rate (109 vs. 159%; p < 0.001) and 16% difference in lamb survival to marking (67 vs. 83%; p < 0.001). The difference in marking rate for maiden Merino two-tooth ewes lambing at approximately 2 years-of-age compared to mature multiparous ewes was 22% (80 vs. 102%; p < 0.001) and this was attributable to a 24% difference in reproductive rate (108 vs. 132%; p < 0.001) and 3% difference for lamb survival (75 vs. 78%; p < 0.05). Positive correlations for reproduction traits (reproductive rate, lamb survival and marking rate) between maidens and multiparous ewes were observed for maiden Merino two-tooth ewes (p < 0.001), but these correlations were weak or non-existent for non-Merino ewe lambs. Strategies to improve both reproductive rate and lamb survival can address the poorer and more variable reproductive performance of maiden ewes.
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Brash, LD, NM Fogarty und AR Gilmour. „Reproductive performance and genetic parameters for Australian Dorset Sheep“. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 45, Nr. 2 (1994): 427. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9940427.
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Reproductive performance of ewes in a large Dorset stud flock is reported. The data included 2488 ewes with 10016 joining records over 25 years. Average performance for reproductive traits were: fertility 92%, litter size 1.31, neonatal lamb survival 91%, lamb survival to weaning 85%, with overall lambs born 1.20 and lambs weaned 1.02 per ewe joined. Differences between breeds (Poll Dorset and Dorset Horn), season of birth (spring and autumn) and season of joining (spring and autumn) were significant for most reproduction traits. Linear and quadratic regressions for age of ewe at joining were highly significant for all traits (P < 0.001) with maximum performance between three and six years of age. Estimates of heritability for ewe reproductive traits were: 0.062 � 0-02 for number of lambs born and 0.04 � 0.01 for number of lambs weaned per ewe joined, and component traits, 0.02 �0 -01 for fertility, 0 08 � 0 -02 for litter size and 0.00 � 0.01 for lamb survival. Estimates of repeatability were less than 0.14 for all the reproduction traits, which resulted in substantially higher predicted heritabilities when repeated records were used. Heritability estimates for average ewe lifetime performance, with approximately four records, were 0.08 � 0 06 for lambs born, 0.12 � 0.05 for lambs weaned, 0.08 � 0.04 for fertility, 0.l9 � 0 -04 for litter size and zero for lamb survival. The genetic correlations between litter size and lambs born and weaned were close to unity, whereas those for fertility were lower and declined from lambs born (0.6l � 0.22) to lambs weaned (0-45 � 0.30). The estimated heritability for ewe longevity, defined as the number of years the ewe remained in the breeding flock, was 0.00 � 0.03. The potential for genetic improvement in reproductive rate is discussed in relation to other reports in the literature and in the context of the roles of the Dorset breed in the Australian lamb industry. Increased reproductive rate in Dorset flocks impacts on stud profitability and the rate of genetic improvement from selection for other traits such as liveweight. The parameter estimates derived will be used in compiling breed-specific parameter sets for genetic evaluation in LAMBPLAN.
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Refshauge, G., F. D. Brien, G. N. Hinch und R. van de Ven. „Neonatal lamb mortality: factors associated with the death of Australian lambs“. Animal Production Science 56, Nr. 4 (2016): 726. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an15121.
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The objective of the present study was to examine the factors associated with the death of neonatal lambs. Postmortem autopsy data were collected from 3198 newborn lambs in the Sheep CRCs Information Nucleus Flock situated in various environments throughout southern Australia. The proportion dying by category from highest to lowest was starvation–mismothering (25%), stillbirth (21%), birth injury (18%), dystocia (9%), death in utero–prematurity (10%), predation (7%), cold exposure (5%), undiagnosed (4%), infection (1%) or misadventure (1%). Factors best explaining the probability of lambs falling into a death category included both birth type and birthweight for dystocia, stillbirth, starvation–mismothering and death in utero–prematurity. The probability of a lamb falling into any category was predicted at the mean birthweight, within birth type. Single-born lambs were more likely to die from dystocia and stillbirth, while twin lambs were more likely to die from birth injury, starvation–mismothering or from undiagnosed causes. Triplet lambs were more likely to die from starvation–mismothering or death in utero–prematurity. Sire type (Merino, maternal or terminal) did not affect the proportions of lambs within any category. The proportions lost to each cause of death were largely consistent among locations, despite the rate of death varying. Dystocia, stillbirth and birth injury, as evidenced by the presence of oedema around the head and neck or by lesions of the central nervous system, accounted for 48% of autopsied lambs. We conclude that for improvements to occur in the rates of lamb survival, the Australian sheep industry must focus on minimising losses due to dystocia, stillbirth, birth injury and starvation.
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Kopp, Kayla, Marta Hernandez-Jover, Susan Robertson, Angel Abuelo und Michael Friend. „A Survey of New South Wales Sheep Producer Practices and Perceptions on Lamb Mortality and Ewe Supplementation“. Animals 10, Nr. 9 (05.09.2020): 1586. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10091586.
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High lamb mortality rates reduce profitability and reduce the perceived animal welfare standards of the industry. This study aimed to understand producer knowledge of lamb mortality rates and causes of lamb mortality, and to investigate various practices and perceptions of producers that may contribute to lamb deaths. Postal and online surveys gathered data on Australian sheep producer’s knowledge and practices around lambing and management practices. Based on results, approximately 50% of producers estimated less than 10% mortality of lambs between birth and marking, compared to published data estimates of 20–25% mortality. Pre-lambing vaccination of ewes was not undertaken by 10–20% of producers. Ninety-six percent of producers vaccinated lambs; however, 17% of Merino and 23% of crossbred lamb producers only gave a single vaccination instead of the recommended initial vaccine and booster. The lower estimated mortality impacts producer’s perceived benefits of management strategies being undertaken. Research undertaken needs to be more effectively distributed to producers via extension services to ensure producers understand the causes of mortality. Important messages to convey to producers include the limited impact of predation in most cases and the total costs of lamb mortality on-farm.
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Schmoelzl, Sabine, und Fran Cowley. „The case for pre-parturient selenium and iodine supplementation of ewes for improving lamb survival“. Animal Production Science 56, Nr. 8 (2016): 1263. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an15362.
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Lamb survival is an issue of high relevance to the Australian sheep industry, as lamb-survival rates have direct bearing on overall reproductive performance of the sheep, and also constitute a main concern from an animal welfare perspective (Mellor and Stafford 2004). Both genetic and management factors play an important role in this complex issue (Hinch and Brien 2014). Ewe nutrition is of particular relevance as the intrauterine growth conditions prepare the lamb for the crucial transition to life outside the uterus. Effects of body condition of the ewe during various stages of the pregnancy have been investigated in detail, yet much less is known about the critical role of micronutrient provision to the ewe. Although several risk factors for selenium (Se) and iodine (I) subclinical deficiencies exist for sheep on pasture in Australia, determining micronutrient status in sheep or pasture is not straightforward. Several studies have separately found effects of Se and I supplementation on lamb survival. Studies investigating the interaction of Se and I supplementation have been few but results have demonstrated an interaction between Se and I. With increased twinning rates as a result of increased selection of numbers of lambs weaned, nutritional demands during pregnancy across flocks are increasing, and effects of micronutrients on lamb health and survival have greater impact. New opportunities in nutritional research are encouraging new studies into the effects of Se and I supplementation on lamb survival.
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Brien, F. D., S. W. P. Cloete, N. M. Fogarty, J. C. Greeff, M. L. Hebart, S. Hiendleder, J. E. Hocking Edwards et al. „A review of the genetic and epigenetic factors affecting lamb survival“. Animal Production Science 54, Nr. 6 (2014): 667. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an13140.
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Poor lamb survival pre-weaning is a major source of reproductive inefficiency in Australian sheep flocks. While nutrition and management options have been extensively researched and promoted to improve lamb survival, the present review focuses on the prospects for obtaining genetic gain and helps identify selection strategies for boosting such gains to improve overall reproductive efficiency in the Australian sheep industry. Estimated heritability for lamb survival using linear model analysis is low, although use of threshold models suggests that heritability could be higher, which, if true, could help explain the substantial genetic gains obtained in long-term selection experiments. Epigenetic mechanisms may hinder selection and quantitative trait-loci identification through confounding and/or masking genetic variances and co-variances. With sufficient information, these effects could be considered in genetic evaluations by identifying those components that are amenable to selection. Regarding indirect selection, finding effective criteria for improving lamb survival has proved elusive. Most measures of maternal behaviour, temperament and lambing difficulty researched are poorly correlated genetically with lamb survival. Of lamb behaviours and thermo-genic indicators studied, latency to bleat following handling by humans is moderately genetically correlated with lamb survival, as is neonatal rectal temperature. Industry application remains to be adequately explored for the more promising of these measures. Finally, in lieu of direct selection for lamb survival, there is merit in selecting for multiple-rearing ability or its equivalent, possibly with additional selection criteria for lamb survival and reproductive efficiency.
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Hopkins, D. L. „Processing technology changes in the Australian sheep meat industry: an overview“. Animal Production Science 51, Nr. 5 (2011): 399. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an10258.
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Over the last 20 years the Australian sheep industry, particularly the lamb meat sector, has undergone a major change in focus such that consumer requirements are a paramount determinant for production and processing developments. As a result automatic accurate methods of measuring carcasses for traits like fatness and meat yield have been important to aid a reduction by industry in carcass fat levels in line with domestic and international consumer demand. This occurred while carcass weight increased due to a range of genetic and production factors implemented on-farm. Further to this in the last 5–7 years there has been a dramatic increase in the adoption of electrical technologies based on new methodologies with a shift in focus onto eating quality. Underlying this new approach was the electrical stimulation of individual carcasses on segmented electrodes in a dose-responsive way with electricity that has short pulse widths and low to medium voltages and is thus much safer than the original high voltage systems. This technology allowed stimulation units to be fitted into abattoirs where this was not previously possible and validation showed that the technology could reduce toughness in lamb destined for the domestic market and some export markets. More recent technology to stretch and shape cuts shows promise for improving both the quality and product range from sheep and lamb carcasses. The industry continues to focus on meat quality and has shown a significant increase in exports, while maintaining per-capita domestic consumption at record retail prices. This indicates an industry where research investment across the board has shown significant returns.
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Russell, B. C., G. McAlister, I. S. Ross und D. W. Pethick. „Lamb and sheep meat eating quality — industry and scientific issues and the need for integrated research“. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 45, Nr. 5 (2005): 465. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea04007.
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This paper provides an introduction to the special edition of the Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture dedicated to an integrated research program aimed at understanding the critical control points which determine the consumer defined eating quality of Australian lamb and sheep meat. The reasons for a general approach in the research is outlined.
Dissertationen zum Thema "Australian lamb industry"
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Turnbull, Elwin Donald, of Western Sydney Hawkesbury University und Faculty of Agriculture and Rural Development. „Developing the Australian lamb industry using action research“. THESIS_FARD_XXX_Turnball_E.xml, 1993. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/84.
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This document reports on the rationale for and results of using action research in order to facilitate development of the Australian lamb industry. The contexts of this research were: a lamb industry that had declining consumption; producers were slow to change to the production of new style of lamb which more closely aligned with consumer trends towards lower fat and convenience foods; and major changes in research funding criteria, towards projects with measurable impacts upon industries. The perspective taken in this research was that the production and marketing of lamb is essentially a human activity. Action research was effective in providing a methodology for working with extension and research officers using focus group meetings with lamb producers in South Eastern Australia. The key activity was the creation of an environment for a rich social discourse between industry people, focussing on establishing suitable processes and relationships within the industry. Valuable resources consisting of current industry skills, knowledge and institutions were utilised through this project for the benefit of the industry. This project illustrated a role for action research as an effective way of facilitating learning and communication in the lamb industry. The impact of the project was limited because the activities were confined to the production end of the marketing channel. The research helped the author to develop a deeper understanding of participatory action research and the close linkage between learning and self image. The experience of conducting the research validated the importance of the group dynamic in action research and the difficulty that individuals and groups have in matching actions with espoused theoryMaster of Science (Hons)
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Turnbull, Elwin D. „Developing the Australian lamb industry using action research“. Thesis, 1993. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/84.
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This document reports on the rationale for and results of using action research in order to facilitate development of the Australian lamb industry. The contexts of this research were: a lamb industry that had declining consumption; producers were slow to change to the production of new style of lamb which more closely aligned with consumer trends towards lower fat and convenience foods; and major changes in research funding criteria, towards projects with measurable impacts upon industries. The perspective taken in this research was that the production and marketing of lamb is essentially a human activity. Action research was effective in providing a methodology for working with extension and research officers using focus group meetings with lamb producers in South Eastern Australia. The key activity was the creation of an environment for a rich social discourse between industry people, focussing on establishing suitable processes and relationships within the industry. Valuable resources consisting of current industry skills, knowledge and institutions were utilised through this project for the benefit of the industry. This project illustrated a role for action research as an effective way of facilitating learning and communication in the lamb industry. The impact of the project was limited because the activities were confined to the production end of the marketing channel. The research helped the author to develop a deeper understanding of participatory action research and the close linkage between learning and self image. The experience of conducting the research validated the importance of the group dynamic in action research and the difficulty that individuals and groups have in matching actions with espoused theory
Bücher zum Thema "Australian lamb industry"
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Court, Jane, John Webb Ware, Sue Hides und Noel Campbell. Sheep farming for meat & wool. Collingwood, Vic: CSIRO Publishing, 2010.
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Court, Jane, John Webb-Ware und Sue Hides. Sheep Farming for Meat and Wool. CSIRO Publishing, 2010.
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Delgado Martín, Jordi, Andrea Muñoz-Ibáñez und Ismael Himar Falcón-Suárez. 6th International Workshop on Rock Physics: A Coruña, Spain 13 -17 June 2022: Book of Abstracts. 2022. Aufl. Servizo de Publicacións da UDC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.17979/spudc.000005.
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[Abstract] The 6th International Workshop on Rock Physics (6IWRP) was held A Coruña, Spain, between 13th and 17th of June, 2022. This meeting follows the track of the five successful encounters held in Golden (USA, 2011), Southampton (UK, 2013), Perth (Australia, 2015), Trondheim (Norway, 2017) and Hong Kong (China, 2019). The aim of the workshop was to bring together experiences allowing to illustrate, discuss and exchange recent advances in the wide realm of rock physics, including theoretical developments, in situ and laboratory scale experiments as well as digital analysis. While rock physics is at the core of the oil & gas industry applications, it is also essential to enable the energy transition challenge (e.g. CO2 and H2 storage, geothermal), ensure a safe and adequate use of natural resources and develop efficient waste management strategies. The topics of 6IWRP covered a broad spectrum of rock physics-related research activities, including: • Experimental rock physics. New techniques, approaches and applications; Characterization of the static and dynamic properties of rocks and fluids; Multiphysics measurements (NMR, electrical resistivity…); Deep/crustal scale rock physics. • Modelling and multiscale applications: from the lab to the field. Numerical analysis and model development; Data science applications; Upscaling; Microseismicity and earthquakes; Subsurface stresses and tectonic deformations. • Coupled phenomena and rock properties: exploring interactions. Anisotropy; Flow and fractures; Temperature effects; Rock-fluid interaction; Fluid and pressure effects on geophysical signatures. • The energy transition challenge. Applications to energy storage (hydrogen storage in porous media), geothermal resources, energy production (gas hydrates), geological utilization and storage of CO2, nuclear waste disposal. • Rock physics templates: advances and applications. Quantitative assessment; Applications to reser voir characterization (role of seismic wave anisotropy and fracture networks). • Advanced rock physics tools. Machine learning; application of imaging (X-ray CT, X-ray μCT, FIB-SEM…) to obtain rock proper ties. This book compiles more than 50 abstracts, summarizing the works presented in the 6IWRP by rock physicists from all over the world, belonging to both academia and industry. This book means an updated overview of the rock physics research worldwide.
Buchteile zum Thema "Australian lamb industry"
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„Michelle Lam“. In Exploring the Economic Opportunities and Impacts of Migrant Entrepreneurship, 39–49. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-4986-8.ch004.
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Michelle Lam and her husband, Michael, are the owner proprietors of OSMEN, one of Australia's most popular outdoor furniture businesses. OSMEN was previously known as Contract Casual Furniture, importing outdoor furniture from China for dominant Australian retailers. Over time, OSMEN built a name for itself as a strong outdoor furniture retailer with six homemaker centres across Sydney, in Belrose, Smithfield, Alexandria, Artarmon, Auburn, and Penrith. With more than 12 years of combined experience in the Australian market, Michelle and Michael's knowledge and expertise would prove vital to the success of their company and entrepreneurial partnership, leading to OSMEN capturing a significant share of the Australian outdoor furniture industry. This chapter delves into Michelle and Michael's establishment of OSMEN and how they expanded the business through a relentless pursuit of opportunities and an effective and comprehensive marketing strategy.
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„Bad Moon Rising“. In Good Enough to Eat? Next Generation GM Crops, 121–56. The Royal Society of Chemistry, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/bk9781788010856-00121.
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In the early 1990s, with my plant pathologist colleague, Liz Aitken, we attempted to convince the Australian banana industry that it was an essential long-term strategy for them to invest in banana genetic improvement. The local industry (like most others around the world) was based almost entirely on a single cultivar, the Cavendish banana. If you know your bananas, you will also know that the Cavendish, while a worthy workhorse, is not exactly the most flavoursome banana around. In addition to that, Cavendish bananas are vulnerable to some pretty savage fungal pathogens, including a couple of foliar pathogens known as yellow Sigatoka, and black Sigatoka, after the Sigatoka Valley in Fiji where they were first recorded. These pathogens are pretty lame though, because while they are economically troublesome, they can be controlled by regular application of fungicides and sanitation measures. This however is not the case with the biggest threat to banana production worldwide.