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Kremer, H. Steven. „Real-time intrusion detection for Windows NT based on Navy IT-21 audit policy“. Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1999. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA378151.
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Thesis (M.S. in Software Engineering) Naval Postgraduate School, September 1999."September 1999". Thesis advisors(s): Neil C. Rowe, Ronald Broersma. Includes bibliographical references (p. 49). Also available online.
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Puhls, Elizabeth, und Linnea Svedin. „Tidspressens påverkan på revisionen : En studie om hur svenska revisorer motiverar sina tidsbesparande handlingar när de jobbar under tidspress“. Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för ekonomi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-21218.
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SAMMANFATTNING Titel: Tidspressens påverkan på revisionen: En studie om hur svenska revisorer motiverar sina tidsbesparande handlingar under tidspress. Nivå: C-uppsats i ämnet företagsekonomi. Författare: Elizabeth Puhls och Linnea Svedin. Handledare: Jan Svanberg. Datum: 2016- januari. Syfte: Tidigare forskning har lagt lite fokus på revisorns egna uppfattningar kring revisorers agerande på grund av tidspress. Studiens syfte är att få en förståelse för hur svenska revisorer på små och medelstora revisionsbyråer motiverar åtgärderna som de brukar vidta för att få fram ett bra revisionsarbete inom snäva tidsbudgetar. Metod: Insamlingen av det empiriska materialet sker med hjälp av kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer. Analysen genomförs genom att jämföra egna empiriska data med redan existerande teori. Våra slutsatser dras från egna iakttagelser och insikter. Resultat och slutsats: Revisor rättfärdigar sitt agerande genom att stödja sig på begreppen väsentlighet och risk vilket de kopplar till klientkännedom och helhetsbedömningar. Revisorns förmåga att förhålla sig professionellt skeptisk har visat sig ha en inverkan på förekomsten av RAQ-acts (Reduced audit quality acts). Förslag till fortsatt forskning: Återkommande i studien var begreppen väsentlighet och risk. Vi ser potential för att utforska dess betydelse för tidspressen och revisorernas agerande ännu mer. Vi ser möjligheter till att utveckla intervjuguiden och lägga mer fokus på dessa begrepp i den fortsatta forskningen. Uppsatsens bidrag: Studien lämnar bidrag till redovisningslitteraturen, personer som utövar revisionsyrket samt klienter genom förståelse för hur revisorerna själva ställer sig till de genvägar som de ibland tar för att spara in på tiden. Nyckelord: revision, pressfaktorer, tidsbudget, tidspress, revisionskvalitet, underrapportering av tid, professionell skepticism.ABSTRACT Title: Time pressure's impact on auditing. A study of how Swedish auditors justify their timesaving actions when they work under time pressure. Level: Final assignment for Bachelor Degree in Business Administration. Authors: Elizabeth Puhls and Linnea Svedin. Supervisor: Jan Svanberg. Date: 2016 - January. Aim: Little focus has been put on auditors’ own perceptions about their reaction to time pressure. Our aim, therefore, is an understanding of how Swedish auditors, working in small and medium sized firms, justify the solutions they take to obtain credible accounting work within a tight time budget. Method: The collection of empirical material is done using qualitative semi-structured interviews. The analysis is carried out by comparing the empirical data with existing theory. Our conclusions are drawn from own observations and insights. Result and conclusions: Auditors justify their actions by relying on the concepts essentiality and risk, which they relate to client awareness and overall assessments. It’s been shown that auditors’ ability to maintain their professional skepticism has an effect on the existence of RAQ-acts (Reduced audit quality acts). Suggestions for future research: The concepts essentiality and risk were consistently repeated by the auditors in the study. We see the potential to explore further their significance related to time pressure. We see opportunities to develop the interview guide in order to place more focus on these concepts in future research. Contribution of the thesis: This study contributes to accounting literature, people who practice auditing and clients by presenting an understanding of how auditors themselves justify the shortcuts they take in order to meet their time budgets. Key words: Audit, pressure factors, time budget, time pressure, audit quality, underreporting of time, professional skepticism.
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Alshatshati, Salahaldin Faraj. „Estimating Envelope Thermal Characteristics from Single Point in Time Thermal Images“. University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1512648630005333.
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Törngren, Lisa. „BLOCK FÖR BLOCK : En jämförande studie mellan forskare och praktiker om blockkedjeteknik i revision“. Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för ekonomi, samhälle och teknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-48368.
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Vilka möjligheter och utmaningar kan blockkedjetekniken erbjuda i revisionsprocessen? Studien ska undersöka samt skapa förståelse för de möjligheter och utmaningar som blockkedjetekniken medför inom revisionsprocessen och därmed bidra med ökad empirisk kunskap till det forskningsgap som identifierats inom den vetenskapliga litteraturen. Kvalitativ dokumentstudie som jämför vetenskapliga artiklar och dokument. De möjligheter som kan identifieras med blockkedjetekniken är trippelbokföring, smarta kontrakt, minskad tid, minskad kostnad, minskad risk, kodade kreditvärdighetsmodeller, minskat antal rättstvister, förenklar revisionsprocessen, blockkedjetekniken är omanipulerbar, ökad tillförlitlighet till revisorn, säkerhetskopiering, revisorn får en ny roll. De utmaningar som kan identifieras är ökad öppenhet, mindre transparens, kontrollera äkthet på överföringar, om blockkedjan kan manipuleras, farligt att lita till 100% på teknik, säkerhetskopiering, överskattad säkerhet, beskattning i realtid, skalbarhet, kostnader ökar i början, ekonomiutbildningar behöver anpassas, revisorns nya roll, revisorns nya arbetsuppgifter, nya kompetenser krävs, etik behövs, lagar och regler behöver anpassas, lagar behöver tillföras snabbare. Det är tydligt att många av möjligheterna också innebär utmaningar, det är sällan en möjlighet nämns utan att utmaningar med densamma tas upp. Det som också syns tydligt är att utmaningarna med blockkedjetekniken i dagsläget är fler än möjligheterna, vilket var ett oväntat resultat.What opportunities and challenges can blockchain technology offer in the auditprocess? The study will investigate and create an understanding of the opportunities and challenges that blockchain technology entails in the audit process, thereby contributing with increased empirical knowledge to the research gap identified in the scientific literature. Qualitative documentstudy comparing scientific articles and documents. The opportunities that can be identified with blockchaintechnology are trippleaccounting, smart contracts, reduced time, reduced cost, reduced risk, coded creditworthiness models, reduced number of litigations, simplifies the auditprocess, blockchaintechnology is unmanipulable, increased reliability to the auditor, back-up, auditor’s new role. The challenges that can be identified are increased openness, less transparency, checking the authenticity of transfers, if the blockchain can be manipulated, dangerous to trust 100% on technology, backup, overestimated security, real-time taxation, scalability, costs increase in the beginning, financial education needs to be adapted , the auditor's new role, the auditor's new duties, new skills are required, ethics are needed, laws and regulations need to be adapted, laws need to be applied more quickly. It is clear that many of the opportunities also pose challenges; there is rarely an opportunity mentioned without challenges being addressed. What is also clearly seen is that the challenges with blockchain technology in the current situation are many more than the possibilities, which was an unexpected result.
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Shapeero, Michael P. „Premature audit sign-offs and the underreporting of chargeable time in public accounting : examination of an ethical decision making model /“. Diss., This resource online, 1996. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06062008-151528/.
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Sheldrick, William Francis. „The development of a nutrient audit model for estimating time-series soil nutrient balances at the national, regional and global scales“. Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.394725.
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Filén, Frida, und Sanna Sjödin. „”Revisorer har ju inga spåkulor” - En studie om svenska revisorers perspektiv på bedömningen av fortsatt drift“. Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för ekonomi, geografi, juridik och turism, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-42370.
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Revisorer har i uppdrag att granska huruvida företagsledningens antagande om fortsatt drift stämmer eller inte. Bedömningen leder till en anmärkning i revisionsberättelsen vid tvivel om fortsatt drift, alternativt en utebliven anmärkning om tvivel inte uppstår vid granskningen. Svenska revisorer har dock problem att upptäcka de risker som indikerar konkurs. Träffsäkerheten vid anmärkningar och uteblivna anmärkningar är generellt sett låg vilket lämnar ett stort utrymme för förekomsten av s.k. typ I- och typ II-fel. Felbedömningarna och den låga träffsäkerheten medför problem för intressenter, såsom investerare och kreditgivare. Intressenterna varnas då inte om företagets fortlevnadsproblem och får därmed ingen möjlighet att vidta åtgärder för att undkomma negativa ekonomiska konsekvenser. Tidigare empiriska studier visar att revisorers bedömningar influeras av känslor såsom komfort och diskomfort. Studier visar även att erfarenhet och kompetens, struktur och bedömning samt granskningstid inverkar på fortsatt driftbedömningar samt i vilken grad revisorer upplever komfort och diskomfort i bedömningen. Revisorer uppvisar ibland en oproportionerlig tillit till företagsledningarna vilket åskådliggör en partiskhet och oberoendeproblematik i fortsatt driftbedömningarna. Tidigare studier har dock mestadels tillämpat generaliserbara tillvägagångssätt. Hur revisorer själva beskriver fortsatt driftbedömningarna och dess problematik är, så vitt vi vet, oklart. Syftet med denna studie är att beskriva och analysera de tillvägagångssätt och de förklaringar som några svenska auktoriserade revisorer anger ligger till grund för svårigheter i fortsatt driftbedömningar. Studien genomfördes hösten 2020 med en abduktiv forskningsansats och sex semistrukturerade digitala videointervjuer. Vidare användes en tematisk analysmetod för att sammanställa de transkriberade intervjuerna. Trots att de till synes är erfarna och kompetenta anger de tillfrågade revisorerna att fortsatt driftbedömningarna är svåra och medför diskomfort. Revisorerna beskriver att deras syn på och användning av standarden ISA 570 varierar med anledning av bland annat tolkningssvårigheter. De önskar ändå inte mer riktlinjer i standarden med anledning av att utrymmet för den professionella bedömningen då minskar. Revisorerna beskriver att de upplever tidsbrist i granskningen och de anger dokumentationskrav som en tidstjuv. Fortsatt driftbedömningarna influeras även av individuella känslor enligt revisorerna och en upplevd diskomfort måste reduceras genom dialog med kollegor, företagsledningen och interna experter för att övergå i komfort. Revisorerna anser inte att typ I- och typ II-fel är felaktiga bedömningar såsom teorin beskriver och vi kan därmed konstatera att skillnader mellan teori och praktik föreligger. Revisorerna beskriver att typ II-fel beror på plötsliga händelser som i princip är omöjliga att förutspå eftersom bedömningen innefattar framtiden. Argumentet om att framtiden är inte går att förutspå håller däremot inte då investerare ofta åskådliggör att detta faktiskt är möjligt. Revisorernas beskrivningar av fortsatt driftbedömningen genomsyras genomgående av ett företagsfokus framför ett intressentfokus vilket indikerar en oberoendeproblematik.Auditors are tasked with examining whether the management´s assumption of going concern is correct or not. The assessment leads to a remark in the auditor´s report in case of doubt about going concern, or alternatively a lack of remark if doubt does not arise during the audit. However, Swedish auditors have problems discovering the risk that indicate bankruptcy. The accuracy of remarks in the field of going concern is generally low, which leaves a lot of room for the occurrence of so-called type I and type II errors. The misjudgements and the low accuracy cause problems for stakeholders, such as investors and lenders. Stakeholders are then not warned about the company´s survival problems and thus were not given the opportunity to take measures to escape negative financial consequences. Previous empirical studies show that auditors´ assessments are influenced by emotions such as comfort and discomfort. Studies show that experience and competence, structure and judgement such as audit time influence going concern assessments and the extent to which auditors experience comfort and discomfort in the assessment. Auditors sometimes show a disproportionate trust in the management skills of companies, which illustrates a bias and an independence problem in going concern assessments. Previous studies, however, mostly apply generalizable approaches. How the auditors themselves describe the going concern assessments is, as far as we know, unclear. The purpose of this study is to describe and analyse the approaches and explanations given by some Swedish certified public auditors as a basis for difficulties in going concern assessments. The study was conducted in the autumn of 2020 with an abductive research approach and six semi-structured digital video interviews. Furthermore, a thematic analysis method was used to compile the transcribed interviews. Despite the fact that they seem to be experienced and competent, the auditors consulted state that going concern assessments are difficult and lead to discomfort. The auditors describe that their views on and use of the standard ISA 570 vary due to, among other things, difficulties of interpretation. However, they do not want more guidelines in the standard due to the fact that the scope for the professional judgement then decreases. The auditors describe that they experience a lack of time in the audit and they state documentation requirements as a time thief. Going concern assessments are also influenced by individual feelings according to the auditors and a perceived discomfort must be reduced through dialogue with colleagues, company management and internal experts in order to achieve comfort. The auditors do not consider that type I and type II errors are incorrect assessments as the theory describes and we can thus state that there are differences between theory and practice. The auditors describe that type II errors are due to sudden events that are impossible to predict because the assessment includes the future. The argument that the future is unpredictable can be questioned because investors often illustrate that this actually is possible. The auditors´ descriptions of the going concern assessment are permeated throughout by a company focus rather than a stakeholder focus, which indicates bias and independence issues.
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Silva, Washington Lopes da. „Auditoria contínua de dados como instrumento de automação do controle empresarial“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3141/tde-04072013-165931/.
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A dependência tecnológica das atividades e dos processos de negócios no mundo corporativo impulsionou o desenvolvimento de novas técnicas de auditoria para apurar possíveis falhas sistêmicas, que pudessem afetar os controles internos das companhias. Sendo assim, a necessidade de automação dos testes de auditoria motivou a elaboração do conceito e a implantação de projetos de auditoria contínua de dados no ambiente empresarial. Esta tese avalia os principais aspectos críticos para a construção da auditoria contínua de dados, considerando o uso da tecnologia da informação e das técnicas de auditoria com auxílio do computador. A partir da fundamentação teórica formularam-se quatro premissas básicas, as quais derivaram oito proposições e onze aspectos críticos, os quais foram colocados em prova de conceito, por meio de estudo de casos múltiplos no cenário empresarial brasileiro. A pesquisa afirma que os aspectos críticos para a construção da auditoria contínua de dados, originários da fundamentação teórica e corroborados pelo resultado do estudo de casos múltiplos, servirão como direcionadores para a inicialização de projetos de auditoria contínua, bem como para sua reestruturação.The technology dependence of activities and business processes in corporate world driving the development of new audit techniques to investigate possible systemic failures, that could affect the internal controls of companies. Thus, the need for automation of auditing tests led to the development of the concept and implementation of projects for continuous auditing of data in the enterprise environment. This thesis evaluates the major critical issues for the construction of continuous auditing of data, considering the use of information technology and the computer assisted audit techniques. From the theoretical foundation formulated four basic premises, which were derived eight propositions and eleven critical aspects, which were placed in a proof of concept, through multiple case study in the Brazilian business scenario. The research argues that the critical aspects for the construction of continuous auditing of data, originated in theoretical foundation and corroborated by the results of multiple case study, will serve as drivers for the initialization of continuous auditing projects as well as for its restructuring.
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Gustavsson, Hanna, und Olofsson Emma Palmborn. „Tidsbudgetering som styrverktyg och dess påverkan på revisionen : En kvalitativ studie ur revisionsassistenters perspektiv“. Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Handelshögskolan (from 2013), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-84951.
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Inom revision anses personalen vara både den största resursen och kostnaden, därför är det väsentligt att använda denna kapacitet till fullo. Yrket använder styrverktyget tidsbudgetering vilket innebär att anställda i de olika uppdragen får tidsramar att förhålla sig till. Tidigare studier har fokuserat på seniora revisorer avseende tidsbudgetar med ett mer negativt perspektiv, medan denna studie intar en mer neutral ställning utifrån revisionsassistenters perspektiv. Syftet med studien är därför att bidra med kunskap gällande hur revisionsassistenter upplever att användandet av tidsbudgetering påverkar revisionen. I studien presenteras revisionsprocessen, Input-Process-Output (IPO) modellen samt tidsbudgetering som styrverktyg och hur det appliceras inom revisionen. Studiens syfte har undersökts genom tio kvalitativa intervjuer med revisionsassistenter som arbetat minst sex månader inom yrket. Respondenterna innefattar revisionsassistenter från både The Big Four och mindre byråer. Studiens resultat visar att revisionen påverkas både positivt och negativt av tidsbudgetering som styrverktyg. Vilken påverkan det har grundas på hur styrverktyget används och mängden arbete i förhållande till den bestämda tiden. De positiva konsekvenserna som studien identifierat är ökad effektivitet, snabbare utvecklingskurva, strukturering av arbetet samt motivation hos anställda. De negativa konsekvenserna som identifieras är stress, sämre välmående, underrapportering av tid, genvägar samt minskad noggrannhet. Vilka konsekvenser tidsbudgetering medför anses främst bero på vem som har kontrollen över styrverktyget samt om det är stramt eller flexibelt. Således visar studien att vikten av att använda styrverktyget på ett korrekt sätt är avgörande för hur det upplevs påverka revisionen.Within auditing the staff can be regarded as the biggest resource as well as the biggest cost, therefore it is essential to use this capacity to the fullest. The profession uses time budgeting as a management tool, which means that the staff have time frames to which they must adjust to for the various assignments. Previous studies have had a focus on senior auditors regarding time budgeting with a more negative outlook, while this study holds a more neutral position from audit assistant’s perspectives. The aim of this study is therefore to contribute with knowledge regarding how audit assistants experience how the usage of time budgeting influences the audit. The study presents the audit process, Input-Output-Process (IPO) model as well as time budgeting as a management tool and how it is applied in audits. The aim of the study has been studied through ten qualitative interviews with audit assistants that have been working for a minimum of six months in the profession. The respondents include audit assistants from both The Big Four and other smaller firms. The conclusion of the study indicates that audits are affected both positively and negatively by time budgeting as a management tool. Which effect it has depended on how the management tool is used and how the amount of work is in relation to the time. The positive consequences that the study has identified are increased efficiency, faster development curve, structuring of the work and motivation of the staff. The negative consequences that have been identified are stress, decreased well-being, underreporting of time, shortcuts and less meticulousness. Which consequences time budgeting entails depends mainly on who controls the management tool and if it is tight or flexible. Therefore, the study indicates the importance of using the management tool in a correct way is crucial for how it is perceived to affect the audit.
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Uzunay, Yusuf. „Design And Implementation Of An Unauthorized Internet Access Blocking System Validating The Source Information In Internet Access Logs“. Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607628/index.pdf.
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Internet Access logs in a local area network are the most prominent records when the source of an Internet event is traced back. Especially in a case where an illegal activity having originated from your local area network is of concern, it is highly desirable to provide healthy records to the court including the source user and machine identity of the log record in question. To establish the validity of user and machine identity in the log records is known as source authentication.
In our study, after the problem of source authentication in each layer is discussed in detail, we argue that the only way to establish a secure source authentication is to
implement a system model that unifies low level and upper level defense mechanisms. Hence, in this thesis we propose an Unauthorized Internet Access Blocking System validating the Source Information in Internet Access Logs. The first version of our proposed system, UNIDES, is a proxy based system incorporating advanced switches and mostly deals with the low level source authentication problems. In the second version, we extend our system with SIACS which is an Internet access control system that deals with the user level source authentication problems. By supplementing the classical username-password authentication mechanism with SSL client authentication, SIACS integrates a robust user level authentication scheme into the proposed solution.
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Dwyer, Sean. „An audit of the time spent by patients in the post anesthetic care unit before and after the introduction of a discharge criteria scoring system at Tygerberg Academic Hospital“. Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86635.
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Thesis (MMed)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND Post anesthesia discharge criteria scoring systems have been used successfully to aid discharge from the post anesthetic care unit (PACU) for over 40 years. They do not replace, but rather act in conjunction with good clinical judgment, and provide concise, standardized documentation of a patient’s readiness for discharge. 1,2,3,4,5 In order to improve patient safety, provide clear documentation and to aid future audit, a discharge criteria scoring system was developed for use in our PACU (Addendum A). It is a modification of the Aldrete Scoring System and the modified Post Anesthetic Discharge Scoring System (PADSS) proposed by Chung.1 There is a steadily increasing patient burden on the existing medical infrastructure in South Africa. Tygerberg Academic Hospital is no exception, and because of the high demand on our theatre services, optimal efficiency is essential. We speculated that our discharge criteria scoring system might increase the efficiency of our PACU when compared to the traditional time based system. The more healthy patients, undergoing minor procedures, could potentially spend less time in PACU, allowing the nurses to focus on problem cases. Increasing the speed of transit might also help prevent delays in theatre due to lack of bed space in PACU. Our primary endpoint was to compare the duration of time spent by patients in the PACU at Tygerberg Academic Hospital, from the moment they are admitted, to the time they are discharged to the ward, before and after the introduction of a discharge criteria scoring system. While planning the audit, one of the factors that staff identified as contributing to delayed discharge from PACU, was the time it took for the wards to collect their patients. A secondary objective, therefore, was to assess the amount of time that elapsed between calling the ward to collect the patient, and the patient leaving PACU. METHODS AND MATERIALS Prior to commencing the audit, approval was obtained from the Human Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Health Sciences of the University of Stellenbosch and Tygerberg Academic Hospital. The Audit, its purpose and possible benefits, was discussed with representatives of the nurses working in PACU, and written consent was obtained from those who would be involved in the data collection (Addendum B). Audit forms (Addendum C), collection boxes, and posters reminding staff to participate in the audit were prepared. Our first audit was performed over approximately a week in August 2012. During this period, the traditional time-based discharge system was still in operation. Data was captured from 327 patients. Audit forms were placed in a collection box, which was cleared daily by the primary investigator. The discharge criteria scoring system was introduced to the PACU staff in January 2013. The nurses were trained in its use, and a one month period was allowed for all involved to become accustomed to the new system. A second audit was performed in February 2013, again over a week, during which we gathered data from 313 patients. RESULTS The median value of the time spent by patients in the PACU decreased from 1 hour 25 minutes, to 1 hour 15 minutes, after introduction of the discharge criteria scoring system. This was statistically significant (p-value = 0.003). The median time between calling the ward to collect a patient, and the patient leaving recovery, was 15 minutes. CONCLUSION The main finding of the study was that the introduction of a discharge criteria scoring system decreased the median duration of time spent by patients in the post anesthetic care unit at Tygerberg Academic Hospital.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: AGTERGROND Puntestelsels as ontslag kriteria na narkose, word vir die afgelope 40 jaar suksesvol gebruik as maatstaf om pasiënte uit die herstelkamer te ontslaan. Hierdie kriteria vervang nie goeie kliniese oordeel nie, maar is ’n addisionele hulpmiddel om te bepaal of die pasiënt gereed is vir ontslag en om noukeurige, gestandardiseerde dokumentasie te verseker. 1,2,3,4,5 'n Nuwe puntestelsel vir ontslag is vir die herstelkamer van Tygerberg Akademiese Hospitaal ontwikkel om pasiëntesorg en dokumentasie te verbeter, asook om ouditering in die toekoms te vergemaklik (Addendum A). Hiervoor is die Aldrete Scoring System en die gemodifiseerde PADSS, voorgestel deur Chung, aangepas. 1 Die bestaande mediese infrastruktuur in Suid-Afrika beleef tans ‘n geleidelike toename in die getal pasiënte. Tygerberg Akademiese Hospitaal is geen uitsondering nie en as gevolg van die hoë aanvraag na ons teaterdienste, is uiterste doeltreffendheid noodsaaklik. Ons vermoede was dat hierdie aangepaste puntestelsel doeltreffendheid in die herstelkamer sou verbeter in vergelyking met die meer tradisionele tyd-gebaseerde sisteem. Gesonde pasiënte wat kleiner prosedures ondergaan, sal waarskynlik na ’n korter periode ontslaan kan word wat die verpleegpersoneel in staat sal stel om meer aandag aan probleem gevalle te gee. Bespoediging van die pasiëntvloei behoort onnodige vertragings van teatergevalle weens 'n tekort aan beddens in die herstelkamer, te beperk. Die primêre doel van die studie was om te bepaal of die gebruik van die aangepaste puntestelsel as ontslag kriteria in Tygerberg Akademiese Hospitaal, die tydperk wat die pasiënt in die herstelkamer deurbring, verkort. Die herstelkamer verpleegsters het beweer dat die saal personeel ‘n lang tyd gevat het om hulle pasiente in herstelkamer te kom haal. Vervolgens is 'n sekondêre doelwit ingesluit om die tydperk te bepaal vandat die saalpersoneel in kennis gestel word, totdat die pasiënt die herstelkamer verlaat. METODE Goedkeuring is verkry van die Menslike Navorsing en Etiese Komitee van die Gesondheidswetenskap Fakulteit van die Universiteit van Stellenbosch en Tygerberg Akademiese Hospitaal voor die aanvang van die studie. Die studie, asook die doel en moontlike voordele daarvan is vooraf bepsreek met verteenwoordigers van die herstelkamer verpleegpersoneel en skriftelike toestemming is verkry van al die deelnemers wat betrokke sou wees by die data versameling (Addendum B). Oudit vorms (Addendum C), versamelhouers en inligtingsplakkate vir die betrokke personeel is voorberei. Die aanvanklike oudit is in Augustus 2012 oor 'n periode van ongeveer een week uitgevoer. Tydens hierdie oudit is die tradisionele tydgebaseerde sisteem gebruik. Inligting van 327 pasiёnte is versamel. Die oudit vorms is in die versamelbokse geplaas en is daagliks deur die primêre navorser verwyder. Die aangepaste puntestelsel as ontslag kriteria, is in Januarie 2013 in die herstelkamer geïmplementeer. Die verpleegpersoneel het opleiding ontvang waarna die aangepaste puntestelsel vir een maand gebruik is om te verseker dat die personeel vertroud is daarmee. In Februarie 2013, is ‘n tweede oudit oor ‘n tydperk van een week uitgevoer, waartydens inligting van 313 pasiёnte versamel is. RESULTATE Na die implementering van die aangepaste puntestelsel as ontslag kriteria, het die mediane tyd wat pasiënte in die herstelkamer deurbring afgeneem van 1 uur en 25 minute tot 1 uur en 15 minute. Hierdie afname is statities betekenisvol (p-waarde = 0.003) Die mediane tyd vandat die saal in kennis gestel is totdat die pasiënt die herstelkamer verlaat, was 15 minute. GEVOLGTREKKING Die hoof bevinding van die studie is dat die mediane tydperk wat die pasiënte in die herstelkamer deurbring verminder is deur die implementering van die aangepaste puntestelsel as ontslag kriteria in Tygerberg Akademiese Hospitaal.
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Näslund, Karolina, und Alma Henningsson. „Revisorers auktorisationstid : byråernas dolda påverkan“. Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Avdelningen för ekonomi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-18687.
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Antalet auktoriserade revisorer förväntas inte möta den framtida efterfrågan av dem vilket innebär att behovet av auktoriserade revisorer kommer att öka. Den reglerade auktorisationstiden uppgår idag till åtta år medan den genomsnittligen vanligtvis är tio år, vilket kan upplevas som en lång och komplex process. Vi vill undersöka hur organisationerna kan agera för att minska den genomsnittliga auktorisationstiden, genom att studera den praktiska auktorisationstiden, och därmed göra yrket mer attraktivt. Därav är syftet med studien att förklara vilka organisatoriska faktorer som påverkar revisorers praktiska auktorisationstid. Studien har en kvantitativ ansats och genom ett deduktivt angreppssätt har hypoteser utvecklats. En enkätundersökning utfördes på auktoriserade revisorer fördelade på revisionsbyråer runt om i Sverige för att pröva hypoteserna. De organisatoriska faktorerna som undersöktes i studien är mentorskap, byråspecifik utbildning och managementmetoden up-or-out. Utöver de organisatoriska faktorerna kan det finnas faktorer som påverkar auktorisationstiden, därför testades även ytterligare faktorers påverkan. Dessa faktorer var genus, ålder vid auktorisation, byrå vid auktorisation, antal skrivna auktorisationsprov, tidigare arbetserfarenheter, högskola/universitet, examensnivå och tjänstledighet. Studien resulterade inte i några signifikanta samband mellan revisorers praktiska auktorisationstid och de tre oberoende variablerna som inkluderades i studien. Därav kan slutsatsen dras att revisionsbyråerna inte antas ha en stor påverkan på revisorernas praktiska auktorisationstid. Då studien innehåller brister och att inga signifikanta samband kunde påvisas, finns där ett behov och en möjlighet för vidare forskning kring forskningsfältet.The number of certified auditors is not expected to meet the future demand of them, which means that the need for certified auditors will increase. Today the regulated certification time amounts to eight years, while the average certification time is ten years, which can be experienced as a long and complex process. We want to investigate how organizations can act in order to reduce the average certification time, by studying the practical certification time, and therefore make the profession more attractive. Hence, the purpose of the study is to explain what organizational factors affect the auditor’s practical certification time. The study has a quantitative approach and through a deductive approach, hypotheses have been developed. A survey was conducted on certified auditors distributed at audit firms around Sweden to test the hypotheses. The organizational factors studied in the study are mentorship, firm specific education and the management method up-or-out. In addition to the organizational factors, there may be factors that affect the certification time. Therefore, the impact of additional factors was also tested. These factors were gender, age, firm at certification, number of written certification tests, previous work experience, college/university, degree level and leave of absence. The study did not resulted in any significant relationship between the auditor’s practical certification time and the independent variables that were included in the study. Therefore, the conclusion of the study is that audit firms cannot be expected to have a big impact on the auditor’s practical certification time. Since the study contains deficits and no significant relationship could be demonstrated, there is need and opportunity for further research on the field of research.
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Segerquist, Jessica, und Victoria Grufvelgård. „Revisorns beteende vid tidspress : En kvalitativ studie om hur revisorer hanterar tidspress“. Thesis, Karlstads universitet, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-78875.
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Revisionsyrket är en profession kännetecknad av hög arbetsbelastning och tidspress, något som i högre grad karaktäriserar marknadsledande revisionsbyråer. Flertalet studier kring tidspress och hög arbetsbelastning har gjorts, vilka visar att det i många fall påverkar revisorns prestation negativt. Däremot finns även studier som antyder en högre prestation i denna kontext. De motstridiga resultaten kan tyda på att det finns bakomliggande orsaker vilka inte tidigare undersökts och som har betydelse för hanteringen av tidspress och hög arbetsbelastning. Studiens syfte är därför att skapa en mer djupgående förståelse för tidspress bland revisorer. Den teoretiska referensramen indikerar främst att revisorer påverkas negativt av tidspress, samt att kvaliteten på granskningar de utför påverkas negativt. Den visar också att det finns olika personlighetstyper som hanterar olika situationer bättre respektive sämre. Dessutom kan personlighet tillsammans med faktorer som omgivning, erfarenhet och kunskap påverka revisorns professionella skepticism och därmed dennes prestation. Det resultat som insamlats via intervjustudier stämmer till viss del överens med den teoretiska referensramen och slutsatser som kan dras är att vissa personlighetstyper, särskilt samvetsgrannhet, passar bättre in på en revisor. Även omgivning, livssituation och erfarenhet förefaller spela roll i hur revisorer hanterar tidspress. Det är dock svårt att avgöra hur tidspressen påverkar revisionskvaliteten, eftersom definitionen av revisionskvalitet är svår att precisera. Dessutom verkar det föreligga ett förväntningsgap i vad revisorns uppgift egentligen är, vilket försvårar en slutsats angående kvaliteten.The audit profession is characterized by heavy workloads and time pressure, especially at the market-leading audit firms. Multiple studies regarding time pressure and heavy workloads show that these factors often have a negative impact on the auditor’s performance. However, there are also studies which state that time pressure can lead to better performance. These contradictory results indicate underlying causes not previously investigated which may affect how auditors handle time pressure and heavy workloads. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to create a profound understanding of time pressure among auditors. The theoretical frame of reference indicates that auditors are mainly negatively affected by time pressure and that the quality of the audits they perform are adversely affected. It also shows that people with different personality types handle situations in different ways. Further, it shows that personality as well as other factors such as the work environment, experience and knowledge can influence the auditor’s professional scepticism and thus their performance. The results collected through interviews correspond to some extent with the theoretical frame of reference. The conclusions that can be drawn are that some personality traits, especially conscientiousness, are more suitable for an auditor, but also that the work environment, life situation and experience play a role in how auditors handle time pressure. However, it is difficult to determine how time pressure affects audit quality as the definition of audit quality is hard to specify and grasp. There also appears to be an expectation gap in what the auditor’s tasks really are which makes it difficult to draw a conclusion about the quality.
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Pickering, Ethan M. „EDIFES 0.4: Scalable Data Analytics for Commercial Building Virtual Energy Audits“. Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1467986734.
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Costa, Sara Chagas. „O efeito da personalidade do auditor, da cultura ética e da pressão do tempo na qualidade da auditoria“. Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/19946.
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Mestrado em Contabilidade, Fiscalidade e Finanças EmpresariaisEste estudo tem como objetivo estender a literatura sobre a Qualidade de Auditoria (QA), identificando determinantes da QA relacionadas com as caraterísticas dos auditores e da envolvente em que atuam. Investigámos o efeito da personalidade do auditor através da teoria de personalidade Big Five, da cultura ética das firmas de auditoria e da pressão orçamento de tempo na QA. A QA, por sua vez, foi avaliada pelo ceticismo profissional e pelas práticas reduzidas de qualidade de auditoria. Como estratégia de investigação utilizámos o inquérito, tendo os dados sido recolhidos através de um questionário eletrónico. Para análise dos dados, utilizámos o software PLS-SEM. A nossa amostra é composta por 115 auditores portugueses, pertencentes a firmas nacionais e internacionais. Os resultados indicam que as firmas de auditoria com uma cultura ética forte influenciam positivamente e significativamente a QA. O traço de personalidade Abertura à experiência também apresenta uma relação positiva e significativa na QA, enquanto que o traço de personalidade Conscienciosidade demonstra uma relação negativa com as práticas reduzidas de qualidade de auditoria. Quanto aos outros traços de personalidade - Neuroticismo, Amabilidade e Extroversão - e à pressão orçamento de tempo, não conseguimos concluir a sua influência na QA.
This study aims to extend the literature on Audit Quality (AQ), by identifying determinants of AQ related to the characteristics of the auditors and the environment that they work in. We investigated the effect of auditors' personality, through the Big Five personality theory, the audit firm's ethical culture and the time budget pressure on AQ. AQ, in its turn, was then evaluated by professional skepticism and reduced audit quality practices. As a research strategy, we used a survey and the data was collected via an electronic questionnaire. For data analysis, we used the software PLS-SEM. Our sample consists of 115 Portuguese auditors, from both national and international firms. Our findings indicate that audit firms with a strong ethical culture influence positively and significantly the AQ. The personality trait Openness to experience also has a positive and significant relation to AQ, whereas the personality trait Conscientiousness demonstrates a negative relation to reduced audit quality practices. As for the other personality traits - Neuroticism, Agreeableness and Extraversion - and the time budget pressure, we could not draw any conclusions on their influence on AQ.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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Schmidt, Marcus. „Gotta go fast: Measured rationalities and rational measurements in the context of speedrunning“. Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-67588.
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This thesis studies the Weberian notion of rationality in the context of speedrunning and the speedrunning community. By contrasting the instrumental rationality of the speedrunning practice with the value-oriented rationality of the community, it crystallizes the difference between "performing the metrics" as an extension of community values and as a function of externally imposed constraints. The former is an expression of autonomy, while the latter an expression of heteronomy. This difference, it is argued, is found in many different areas of society, sometimes in the guise of "audit culture", at other times as an unintended side-effect of established forms of practice. In either case, a return to communal values (e.g. the sociological imagination) is seen as an antidote to becoming an extension of someone else’s metrics; autonomy is not a function of performing to external specifications, but of being able to rationally choose which measurements to use and which to leave aside. Speedrunners, in their endeavor to go fast, express such autonomy, albeit implicitly. By analyzing YouTube videos wherein runners explain their tactics and methods, this thesis endeavors to make this aspect of autonomy ever so slightly more explicit.
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Nesbit, Andrew Luke. „Audio Source Separation by Time-frequency Masking“. Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.504557.
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Audio source separation is a particularly interesting problem when the number of mixture channels is less than the number of sources. Our motivation for studying this is that recorded stereo music signals can often be approximated by the two-channel case. Such mixtures often have a high degree of overlapping partial frequencies and are especially challenging for standard techniques. oWe attempt to solve the problem by time-frequency masking methods, using transforms which give sparse signal representations. Our first contribution is to compare binary time-frequency masking using fixed-basis transforms, such as the short-time Fourier transform, with a new, computationally efficient method using adaptive lapped orthogonal transforms to maximise the energy of the estimated source coefficients. This assumes prior knowledge of the mixing structure (the semi-blind case). Experiments demonstrate that adaptive transforms may sometimes give better performance than fixed-basis transforms. Secondly, we describe how adaptive windowing can cause distortions in the estimated sources due to the masking process. Minimising these distortions is a trade-off between minimising blocking artifacts and minimising timedomain aliasing errors. Experiments indicate that excessive blocking artifacts decrease performance more than time-domain aliasing effects do. We propose various modifications to the transforms and mask estimation techniques to reduce these distortions. Thirdly, we describe statistically motivated extensions to binary masking techmques whIch allow more than one soUrce to tJe dCtLVe at allY tlIBEfrequency index. We also develop oracle estimators to determine empirical upper performance bounds, assuming that we have reference sources available. Oracle experiments indicate that excellent potential performance is possible compared to semi-blind methods, particularly for adaptive transforms or when more than one active source coefficient is allowed to be active. Finally, we conclude by outlining future research directions for (semi-)blind methods to approach the potential performance gains indicated by the oracle methods and to increase the applicability of our methods.
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LoCascio, Marc Bayard. „Audio time compansion for studio and performance synchronization“. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/76155.
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Hartquist, John E. „Real-time Musical Analysis of Polyphonic Guitar Audio“. DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2012. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/808.
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In this thesis, we analyze the audio signal of a guitar to extract musical data in real-time. Specifically, the pitch and octave of notes and chords are displayed over time. Previous work has shown that non-negative matrix factorization is an effective method for classifying the pitches of simultaneous notes. We explore the effect of window size, hop length, and other parameters to maximize the resolution and accuracy of the output.Other groups have required prerecorded note samples to build a library of note templates to search for. We automate this step and compute the library at run-time, tuning it specifically for the input guitar. The program we present generates a musical visualization of the results in addition to suggestions for fingerings of chords in the form of a fretboard display and tablature notation. This program is built as an applet and is accessible from the web browser.
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Bhattacharya, Gautam. „Sparse denoising of audio by greedy time-frequency shrinkage“. Thesis, McGill University, 2014. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=123263.
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Matching Pursuit (MP) is a greedy algorithm that iteratively builds a sparse signal representation. This work presents an analysis of MP in the context of audio denoising. By interpreting the algorithm as a simple shrinkage approach, we identify the factors critical to its success, and propose several approaches to improve its performance and robustness. We also develop several model enhancements and introduce an audio denoising approach called Greedy Time-Frequency Shrinkage (GTFS). Numerical experiments are performed on a wide range of audio signals, and we demonstrate that GTFS denoising is able to yield results that are competitive with state-of-the-art audio denoising approaches. Notably, GTFS retains a small percentage of a signal's transform coefficients for building a denoised representation, i.e., it produces very sparse denoised results.L'algorithme de Matching Pursuit (MP) construit par itérations une représentation parcimonieuse du signal, au prix d'un coût de calcul élevé. Ce mémoire présente une analyse de l'algorithme de MP dans le contexte du débruitage audio. En interprétant l'algorithme MP comme une méthode de contraction simple (simple shrinkage), nous chercherons à identifier les facteurs essentiels à son succès, puis proposerons plusieurs approches afin d'en améliorer les performances et la robustesse. Plusieurs améliorations du modèle seront ainsi développées, et une approche du débruitage audio dénommée Greedy Time-Frequency Shrinkage (GTFS) sera présentée en détails. Des expérimentations numériques appliquées à un large éventail de signaux sonores démontrent que les résultats obtenus par débruitage GTFS s'avèrent compétitifs face aux méthodes de débruitage audio qui constituent l'état de l'art. En particulier, le GTFS ne retient qu'un faible pourcentage des coefficients de la transformée du signal pour en construire une représentation débruitée, et produit ainsi des résultats débruités très compacts.
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Inguilizian, Araz Vartan. „Synchronized structured sound : real-time 3-dimensional audio rendering“. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/61532.
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Křenek, Tomáš. „Audio a video vysílání s využitím real-time protokolu“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-218188.
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This diploma thesis focus on transmiting multimedia over computer network. There are detailed informations about protocols RTP and RTPC in a first part because a transmition over a network is realized by using these protocols. Some basic multimedia terms, FFmpeg codecs and SDL library are described in next chapters. A multimedia player using FFmpeg and SDL is implemented in a second part of thesis. The player is console application and it has basic user interface. The player reproduces video and audio from a given file. RTP communication is described in next chapters of the second part. RTP server and client are implemented there too. They are console aplications and they use data coded by Theora or Vorbis. There are summarized results in a conclusion.
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Koria, Robert. „Real-Time Adaptive Audio Mixing System Using Inter-Spectral Dependencies“. Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Reglerteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-133354.
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The process of mixing tracks for a live stage performance or studio session is both time consuming and expensive with assistance of professionals. It is also difficult for individuals to remain competitive against established companies, since multiple tracks must be properly mixed in order to achieve well-enhanced elements -- generally, a poor mix makes it difficult for the listener to distinguish the different elements of the mix. The developed method during this thesis work aims at facilitating the mixing work for live performances and studio sessions. The implemented system analyzes the energy spectrum of the tracks included in the mix. By unmasking spectral components, the spectral overlap of the tracks is minimized. The system filters non-characteristic frequencies, leaving significant frequencies undisturbed. Five tracks have been used from the final mix of a successful radio song. These tracks have been analyzed and used to illustrate and validate the developed method. The system was successfully implemented in MATLAB with promising results and conclusions. The processed mix unmasks frequency content and is perceived to sound clearer compared to the unprocessed mix by a number of test individuals. The method reminds of a multi-band compressor that analyzes the spectral information between tracks. Thus, by use of inter-spectral dependencies, the thesis investigates the possibility to control the amplitudes in time by filtration in frequency domain. The compression rate in time domain is reflected in regard to a trade-off between conservation of characteristic frequencies and reduction of spectral overlaps.
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Markle, Blake L. „A comparative study of time-stretching algorithms for audio signals /“. Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=31119.
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Algorithms exist which will perform independent transformations on frequency or duration of a digital audio signal. These processes have different results different types of audio signals. A comparative study of granular and phase vocoder algorithms, implementation, and their respective effects on audio signals was made to determine which algorithm is best suited to a particular type of audio signal.
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Wells, Jeremy John. „Real-time spectral modelling of audio for creative sound transformation“. Thesis, University of York, 2006. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/14084/.
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Chousidis, Christos. „Wireless audio networking modifying the IEEE 802.11 standard to handle multi-channel real-time wireless audio networks“. Thesis, Brunel University, 2014. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/9310.
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Audio networking is a rapidly increasing field which introduces new exiting possibilities for the professional audio industry. When well established, it will drastically change the way live sound systems will be designed, built and used. Today's networks have enough bandwidth that enables them to transfer hundreds of high quality audio channels, replacing analogue cables and intricate installations of conventional analogue audio systems. Currently there are many systems in the market that distribute audio over networks for live music and studio applications, but this technology is not yet widespread. The reasons that audio networks are not as popular as it was expected are mainly the lack of interoperability between different vendors and still, the need of a wired network infrastructure. Therefore, the development of a wireless digital audio networking system based on the existing widespread wireless technology is a major research challenge. However, the ΙΕΕΕ 802.11 standard, which is the primary wireless networking technology today, appears to be unable to handle this type of application despite the large bandwidth available. Apart from the well-known drawbacks of interference and security, encountered in all wireless data transmission systems, the way that ΙΕΕΕ 802.11 arbitrates the wireless channel access causes significantly high collision rate, low throughput and long overall delay. The aim of this research was to identify the causes that impede this technology to support real time wireless audio networks and to propose possible solutions. Initially the standard was tested thoroughly using a data traffic model which emulates a multi-channel real time audio environment. Broadcasting was found to be the optimal communication method, in order to satisfy the intolerance of live audio, when it comes to delay. The results were analysed and the drawback was identified in the hereditary weakness of the IEEE 802.11 standard to manage broadcasting, from multiple sources in the same network. To resolve this, a series of modifications was proposed for the Medium Access Control algorithm of the standard. First, the extended use of the "CTS-to-Self" control message was introduced in order to act as a protection mechanism in broadcasting, similar to the RTC/CTS protection mechanism, already used in unicast transmission. Then, an alternative "random backoff" method was proposed taking into account the characteristics of live audio wireless networks. For this method a novel "Exclusive Backoff Number Allocation" (EBNA) algorithm was designed aiming to minimize collisions. The results showed that significant improvement in throughput can be achieved using the above modifications but further improvement was needed, when it comes to delay, in order to reach the internationally accepted standards for real time audio delivery. Thus, a traffic adaptive version of the EBNA algorithm was designed. This algorithm monitors the traffic in the network, calculates the probability of collision and accordingly switches between classic IEEE 802.11 MAC and EBNA which is applied only between active stations, rather than to all stations in the network. All amendments were designed to operate as an alternative mode of the existing technology rather as an independent proprietary system. For this reason interoperability with classic IEEE 802.11 was also tested and analysed at the last part of this research. The results showed that the IEEE 802.11 standard, suitably modified, is able to support multiple broadcasting transmission and therefore it can be the platform upon which, the future wireless audio networks will be developed.
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Flocon-Cholet, Joachim. „Classification audio sous contrainte de faible latence“. Thesis, Rennes 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN1S030/document.
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Cette thèse porte sur la classification audio sous contrainte de faible latence. La classification audio est un sujet qui a beaucoup mobilisé les chercheurs depuis plusieurs années. Cependant, on remarque qu’une grande majorité des systèmes de classification ne font pas état de contraintes temporelles : le signal peut être parcouru librement afin de rassembler les informations nécessaires pour la prise de décision (on parle alors d’une classification hors ligne). Or, on se place ici dans un contexte de classification audio pour des applications liées au domaine des télécommunications. Les conditions d’utilisation sont alors plus sévères : les algorithmes fonctionnent en temps réel et l’analyse du signal et le traitement associé se font à la volée, au fur et à mesure que le signal audio est transmis. De fait, l’étape de classification audio doit également répondre aux contraintes du temps réel, ce qui affecte son fonctionnement de plusieurs manières : l’horizon d’observation du signal se voit nécessairement réduit aux instants présents et à quelques éléments passés, et malgré cela, le système doit être fiable et réactif. Dès lors, la première question qui survient est : quelle stratégie de classification peut-on adopter afin de faire face aux exigences du temps réel ? On retrouve dans littérature deux grandes approches permettant de répondre à des contraintes temporelles plus ou moins fortes : la classification à la trame et la classification sur segment. Dans le cadre d’une classification à la trame, la décision est prise en se basant uniquement sur des informations issues de la trame audio courante. La classification sur segment, elle, exploite une information court-terme en utilisant les informations issues de la trame courante et de quelques trames précédentes. La fusion des données se fait via un processus d’intégration temporelle qui consiste à extraire une information pertinente basée sur l’évolution temporelle des descripteurs audio. À partir de là, on peut s’interroger pour savoir quelles sont les limites de ces stratégies de classification ? Une classification à la trame et une classification sur segment peuvent-elles être utilisées quel que soit le contexte ? Est-il possible d’obtenir des performances convenables avec ces deux approches ? Quelle mode de classification permet de produire le meilleur rapport entre performance de classification et réactivité ? Aussi, pour une classification sur segment, le processus d’intégration temporelle repose principalement sur des modélisation statistiques mais serait-il possible de proposer d’autres approches ? L’exploration de ce sujet se fera à travers plusieurs cas d’étude concrets. Tout d’abord, dans le cadre des projets de recherche à Orange Labs, nous avons pu contribuer au développement d’un nouvel algorithme de protection acoustique, visant à supprimer très rapidement des signaux potentiellement dangereux pour l’auditeur. La méthode mise au point, reposant sur la proposition de trois descripteurs audio, montre un taux de détection élevé tout en conservant un taux de fausse alarme très bas, et ce, quelles que soient les conditions d’utilisation. Par la suite, nous nous sommes intéressés plus en détail à l’utilisation de l’intégration temporelle des descripteurs dans un cadre de classification audio faible latence. Pour cela, nous avons proposé et évalué plusieurs méthodologies d’utilisation de l’intégration temporelle permettant d’obtenir le meilleur compromis entre performance globale et réactivité. Enfin, nous proposons une autre manière d’exploiter l’information temporelle des descripteurs. L’approche proposée s’appuie sur l’utilisation des représentations symboliques permettant de capter la structure temporelle des séries de descripteurs. L’idée étant ensuite de rechercher des motifs temporels caractéristiques des différentes classes audio. Les expériences réalisées montrent le potentiel de cette approcheThis thesis focuses on audio classification under low-latency constraints. Audio classification has been widely studied for the past few years, however, a large majority of the existing work presents classification systems that are not subject to temporal constraints : the audio signal can be scanned freely in order to gather the needed information to perform the decision (in that case, we may refer to an offline classification). Here, we consider audio classification in the telecommunication domain. The working conditions are now more severe : algorithms work in real time and the analysis and processing steps are now operated on the fly, as long as the signal is transmitted. Hence, the audio classification step has to meet the real time constraints, which can modify its behaviour in different ways : only the current and the past observations of the signal are available, and, despite this fact the classification system has to remain reliable and reactive. Thus, the first question that occurs is : what strategy for the classification can we adopt in order to tackle the real time constraints ? In the literature, we can find two main approaches : the frame-level classification and the segment-level classification. In the frame-level classification, the decision is performed using only the information extracted from the current audio frame. In the segment-level classification, we exploit a short-term information using data computed from the current and few past frames. The data fusion here is obtained using the process of temporal feature integration which consists of deriving relevant information based on the temporal evolution of the audio features. Based on that, there are several questions that need to be answered. What are the limits of these two classification framework ? Can an frame-level classification and a segment-level be used efficiently for any classification task ? Is it possible to obtain good performance with these approaches ? Which classification framework may lead to the best trade-off between accuracy and reactivity ? Furthermore, for the segment-level classification framework, the temporal feature integration process is mainly based on statistical models, but would it be possible to propose other methods ? Throughout this thesis, we investigate this subject by working on several concrete case studies. First, we contribute to the development of a novel audio algorithm dedicated to audio protection. The purpose of this algorithm is to detect and suppress very quickly potentially dangerous sounds for the listener. Our method, which relies on the proposition of three features, shows high detection rate and low false alarm rate in many use cases. Then, we focus on the temporal feature integration in a low-latency framework. To that end, we propose and evaluate several methodologies for the use temporal integration that lead to a good compromise between performance and reactivity. Finally, we propose a novel approach that exploits the temporal evolution of the features. This approach is based on the use of symbolic representation that can capture the temporal structure of the features. The idea is thus to find temporal patterns that are specific to each audio classes. The experiments performed with this approach show promising results
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Andreux, Mathieu. „Foveal autoregressive neural time-series modeling“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEE073.
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Cette thèse s'intéresse à la modélisation non-supervisée de séries temporelles univariées. Nous abordons tout d'abord le problème de prédiction linéaire des valeurs futures séries temporelles gaussiennes sous hypothèse de longues dépendances, qui nécessitent de tenir compte d'un large passé. Nous introduisons une famille d'ondelettes fovéales et causales qui projettent les valeurs passées sur un sous-espace adapté au problème, réduisant ainsi la variance des estimateurs associés. Dans un deuxième temps, nous cherchons sous quelles conditions les prédicteurs non-linéaires sont plus performants que les méthodes linéaires. Les séries temporelles admettant une représentation parcimonieuse en temps-fréquence, comme celles issues de l'audio, réunissent ces conditions, et nous proposons un algorithme de prédiction utilisant une telle représentation. Le dernier problème que nous étudions est la synthèse de signaux audios. Nous proposons une nouvelle méthode de génération reposant sur un réseau de neurones convolutionnel profond, avec une architecture encodeur-décodeur, qui permet de synthétiser de nouveaux signaux réalistes. Contrairement à l'état de l'art, nous exploitons explicitement les propriétés temps-fréquence des sons pour définir un encodeur avec la transformée en scattering, tandis que le décodeur est entraîné pour résoudre un problème inverse dans une métrique adaptéeThis dissertation studies unsupervised time-series modelling. We first focus on the problem of linearly predicting future values of a time-series under the assumption of long-range dependencies, which requires to take into account a large past. We introduce a family of causal and foveal wavelets which project past values on a subspace which is adapted to the problem, thereby reducing the variance of the associated estimators. We then investigate under which conditions non-linear predictors exhibit better performances than linear ones. Time-series which admit a sparse time-frequency representation, such as audio ones, satisfy those requirements, and we propose a prediction algorithm using such a representation. The last problem we tackle is audio time-series synthesis. We propose a new generation method relying on a deep convolutional neural network, with an encoder-decoder architecture, which allows to synthesize new realistic signals. Contrary to state-of-the-art methods, we explicitly use time-frequency properties of sounds to define an encoder with the scattering transform, while the decoder is trained to solve an inverse problem in an adapted metric
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Sinclair, Stephen. „Velocity-driven audio-haptic interaction with real-time digital acoustic models“. Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=114232.
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Acoustic models driven by real-time velocity signals can suffer unduly from quality issues due to sampling and differentiation, especially at high sampling rates. In audio-haptic friction interaction, as found in a bowed stringsimulation for example, this noise appears as a gritty or dry feel, and is audible in the sound.In this thesis, two approaches to this problem are proposed: firstly, reduction of the sensitivity of the model to velocity noise by the application of a position-dependent friction model; secondly, the improvement of velocity estimation by means of filtering and enhanced sensing.Several estimators are compared, by means of parameter optimisation, to direct velocity measurement in order to find a good trade-off between filter-imposed delay and noise rejection. Optimised estimators are then compared by subjects in an online scenario to test their respective effect on the impedance range and noise qualities of a bowed string friction display.Les modèles acoustiques commandés en temps réel par des signaux de vitesse peuvent souffrir indûment de problèmes de qualité dus à l'échantillonnage et à la différenciation de la position, en particulier à des taux d'échantillonnage élevé. Dans l'interaction audio-haptique basée sur la friction, que l'on trouve dans la simulation d'une corde frottée par exemple, ce bruit se présente comme une sensation granuleuse ou sèche, et est audible dans le son. Nous proposons dans cette thèse deux solutions à ce problème: d'une part, la réduction de la sensibilité au bruit du modèle de simulation par l'application d'un modèle de friction dépendant de la position; d'autre part, l'amélioration de l'estimation de la vitesse en utilisant différents filtres ainsi que des capteurs supplémentaires. Plusieurs estimateurs sont comparées entre eux et à la mesure directe de la vitesse, dans le but de trouver un compromis acceptable entre le retard imposé par le filtrage et la réduction du bruit.Ces estimateurs optimisés sont ensuite évalués par des participants afin de tester leurs effets sur la gamme d'impédance obtenue ainsi que sur la qualité du bruit dans la simulation de corde frottée.
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Lipstreu, William F. „Digital Signal Processing Laboratory Using Real-Time Implementations of Audio Applications“. Cleveland, Ohio : Case Western Reserve University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1240836810.
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Langelaar, Johannes, Mattsson Adam Strömme und Filip Natvig. „Development of real time audio equalizer application using MATLAB App Designer“. Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Signaler och System, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-388577.
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This paper outlines the design of a high-precision graphic audio equalizer with digital filters in parallel, along with its implementation in MATLAB App Designer. The equalizer is comprised of 31 bands separated with a one-third octave frequency ratio, and its frequency response is controlled by 63 filters. Furthermore, the application can process audio signals, in real time, recorded by microphone and from audio files. While processing, it displays an FFT plot of the output sound, also in real time, equipped with a knob by which the refreshing pace can be adjusted. The actual frequency response proved to match the desired one accurately, but the matching is computationally demanding for the computer. An even higher accuracy would entail a computational complexity beyond the power of ordinary computers, and was thus concluded to be inappropriate. As a result, the final application manages to provide most laptops with both high precision and proper functionality.
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BASTOS, TAIS LEITE PIMENTA. „LANBRETA-GCS: A LAN BASED REAL-TIME AUDIO-GRAPHICS CONFERENCING SYSTEM“. PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 1989. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=9515@1.
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COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIORO aumento de eficiência das comunicações entre indivíduos traz enorme ganho de eficiência em todas as atividades de negócio em um ambiente de trabalho. Em particular, a teleconferência vem atraindo bastante atenção por suas vantagens na redução de custo e tempo requeridos no atendimento a conferências e reuniões, motivo pelo qual a demanda deste tipo de serviço cresce a cada dia. O LANBRETA-GCS é um sistema de conferência audio-gráfica que vem sendo desenvolvido pela PUC/RJ e o CC-Rio da IBM Brasil e é o assunto desta dissertação. Primeiramente, é introduzido o conceito teleconferência e apresentada uma taxonomia definida a partir de observações sobre características de vários outros sistemas, não fugindo da taxonomia geral aceita. Em seguida, trata-se da especificação geral do sistema, apresentando as justificativas para cada uma das decisões tomadas. Embora a concentração maior esteja na especificação, alguns detalhes da implementação, demonstrando, principalmente, a viabilidade do sistema em ambiente de rede local.
The increase of communication efficiency brings an enormous gain in performance of all business activities in an Office environment. In particular, teleconferencing is attracting a great deal of attention due to adventages it creates, such as reduction of cost and time spent in conferences and meetings. LANBRETA-GCS is a LAN besed real- time audio-graphics conferencing system that is beeing developed by Puc/RJ and CC-Rio of IBM Brasil and is the subject of this dissertation. At first, the concept of teleconferencing is introduced and a taxonomy based on observatios of various other systems´ characteristics is presented. Then, the general specification of the system is presented, together with the justifications of the several choices made. Although the attention is directed towards specification, some details concerned to the current implementation are commented, in order to demostrate the system`s viability in a local area network environment.
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Kundu, Malay. „Use of wide contribution signatures for real-time generalized audio recognition“. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/39070.
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Kassakian, Peter William. „Audio denoising using wavelet filter banks aimed at real-time application“. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/80508.
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Santamas, Mihalis. „The space between : time, memory and transcendence in audio-photographic art“. Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2015. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/29144/.
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This portfolio and commentary documents an approach to audiovisual composition that utilises sound and photographic images in an effort to create immersive, affective art which I call audio-photographic art. When presented in an immersive context, I contend that the temporal dissonance between still image and sound opens up a space between the materials. I draw upon Gernot Böhme's writings on the aesthetic of 'atmosphere', as well as the the theoretical writings of Roland Barthes, Paul Ricoeur and Eleni Ikoniadou among others to illustrate how this experience is constituted. This space between is an affective conceptual space in which the participant enters into a relationship with the materials of the piece, transcending their usual perception of time as they are immersed in the internal times of the artwork, their own memories and atmosphere. Through the use of maximal aesthetics and atmosphere as compositional tool, these themes are explored and developed throughout the creative portfolio. In the written submission I study the practical and theoretical concerns of the space between from three perspectives: 'The Temporal Space', 'The Memorial Space' and 'The Atmospheric Space'.
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Gustavsson, Sara, Emma Johansson und Emelia Larsson. „Varför dokumentera? Två möjliga förklaringar till ökad dokumentation inom sjukvården“. Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Handels- och IT-högskolan, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-17611.
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Tidigare studier visar att sjuksköterskor lägger allt mer tid på omvårdnadsdokumentation.Forskningen tyder på två rationella förklaringar till detta fenomen. Den ena förklaringenbehandlar den ökade dokumentationen som en effekt av sjuksköterskors professionalisering.Samtidigt som lagkravet på sjukvårdsdokumentation trädde i kraft startade enprofessionaliseringssträvan för sjuksköterskor. Vikten låg på att som sjuksköterska ständigtsöka större skicklighet inom sitt yrke för att kunna erbjuda patienter bästa möjliga vård. Dettagjorde dokumentationen till en del i ett kollegialt kommunikationsverktyg för att säkrapatientsäkerheten.Den andra förklaringen till ökad dokumentation kan se fenomenet som en effekt avgranskningssamhället. New Public Management och konkurrensbaserad sjukvård har drivitsjuksköterskor att dokumentera om patienters vård och omvårdnad för att kunna styrka att rätthandlingar ä gjorda och därmed klara en granskning.Tidigare studier visar att både professionalisering och granskningssamhället har uppvisateffekter som kan förklara den ökade dokumentationen i sjukvården. Denna kvantitativa studiehar därför låtit sjuksköterskor från fyra avdelningar på Södra Älvsborgs Sjukhus (SÄS) svarapå en enkät om varför de dokumenterar. Detta för att vi studerat vilken av de två förklarandesom gjort sig gällande och därmed dominerar. Studien har även lagt fokus på vilken påverkanålder, erfarenhet och avdelningsform (planerad och akut) har på sjuksköterskors uppfattningom dokumentation och tid som läggs på den.Resultatet visar att båda förklaringarna är av betydelse för de tillfrågade sjuksköterskorna,men med något större värdering på professionaliseringsförklaringen. Bakgrundsvariablernaålder, erfarenhet och avdelning har även visat sig vara av betydelse för tiden som läggs pådokumentation där dokumentationsomfattningen tycks öka med högre ålder och erfarenhet.Resultatet visar även ett samband där sjuksköterskor från planerade avdelningar lägger mertid på dokumentation än sjuksköterskor verksamma på akuta avdelningar gör. Det är utifråndessa resultat vi kan dra slutsatsen om att dokumentation framförallt kan verka som ettredskap för kollegial kommunikation och samarbete, där skicklighet och erfarenhet förmedlas.
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Morgan, Christopher R. (Christopher Robert). „Circumfusion: a Composition for Real-Time Computer Music Spatialization System“. Thesis, University of North Texas, 1998. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc277632/.
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Two of the leading methodologies for spatializing audio over multiple channels include non-real-time multi-track tape and variations of real-time systems that often involve complex configurations of hardware. Of the latter, composers relying on MIDI as a control source have used pairs of sound modules, effects units and automation capable mixers to achieve spatialization over four loudspeakers. These systems typically employ intensity panning, Doppler shifts and reverberation.
The present research details the development of a compact spatialization system using a MAX patch controlling a Kurzweil K2500 sampler. This system supports real-time diffusion of up to six simultaneous sound files over eight loudspeakers while incorporating intensity panning, Doppler shifts, delays and filtering. The MAX patch allows composers to choose from several automatic sound spatialization trajectories or to use the mouse to draw and store their own trajectories for later playback. The piece,
Circumfusion, is an eighteen-minute composition of electroacoustic music utilizing this spatialization system.
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Lindgren, Elin, und Toro Pia Saez. „Hur påverkas revisorers professionella skepsis av tidspress respektive granskning av redovisning till verkligt värde?“ Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för ekonomivetenskap och juridik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-29018.
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Professionell skepsis är en förutsättning för en fungerande revision och för att upprätthålla kvaliteten på revisionen krävs det av revisorerna att vara professionellt skeptiska. Det finns flera faktorer som påverkar hur revisorer kan upprätthålla kvaliteten på revisionen. Bland annat har den tidspress som revisorer utsätts för visat sig ha en negativ inverkan på revisionskvaliteten eftersom revisorer till följd av tidspress kan uppvisa dysfunktionella beteenden som kan innebära att de lägger ner mindre tid än vad som faktiskt behövs för att utföra en bra revision. Vidare finns det en utmaning för revisorer i de situationer där de ska granska verkliga värden om det inte finns några marknadspriser för tillgången eller skulden och redovisning till verkligt värde ska beräknas med hjälp av interna uppskattningar och beräkningar.Tidigare studier har undersökt hur tidspress och granskning av redovisning till verkligt värde påverkar revisionskvaliteten, men inte hur den professionella skepsisen påverkas av dessa två faktorer, trots att professionell skepsis är en förutsättning för en god revisionskvalitet. Tanken med denna undersökning är därför att beskriva och analysera hur revisorers professionella skepsis påverkas av dessa två faktorer. För att besvara studiens syfte skickades enkäter ut till totalt 3477 svenska kvalificerade revisorer varav 132 användbara svar inkom. Enkäten innehöll bakgrundsinformation om respondenten, frågor om revisorers professionella skepsis, granskning av redovisning till verkligt värde samt tidspress. Tillsammans utgjorde dessa basen för studiens analys och slutsats.Utifrån resultatet kan vi konstatera att revisorerna inte upplever särskilt stor tidspress utan tycker att tidsbudgetarna är relativt uppnåeliga trots att revisorerna till viss del agerar på ett dysfunktionellt sätt till följd av den tidspress som förekommer. Vidare pekar resultatet på att revisorer anser att de står inför en utmaning när det gäller granskning av redovisning till verkligt värde. Vi kan dra slutsatsen att varken tidspress eller granskning av redovisning till verkligt värde starkt påverkar revisorers professionella skepsis. Däremot visar resultatet ett svagt negativt samband mellan professionell skepsis och granskning av redovisning till verkligt värde. Den låga svarsfrekvensen på 3,8 procent gör det viktigt att påpeka att studiensslutsatser måste dras med stor försiktighet.Professional skepticism is a prerequisite for a functioning audit and to maintain the quality of the audit it is required by the auditors to be professionally skeptical. There are several factors that affect how auditors can maintain the quality of the audit. Time budget pressure, for example, has shown to have a negative impact on audit quality since the auditors as a result of time budget pressure may show dysfunctional behavior. This means that auditors may spend less time that is actually required to perform a good audit. Furthermore, there is a challenge for the auditors in auditing fair value measurements if there is no active market for the asset or liability and when the fair value is calculated using internal estimates and calculations.Previous studies have examined how time pressure and audit of fair value measurements have affected audit quality, but not how auditors’ professional skepticism is directly affected by these two factors, despite the fact that professional skepticism is a prerequisite for a good audit quality. The aim of this study is to describe and analyze how the auditor's professionalskepticism is affected by these two selected factors.To answer the aim of the study questionnaires was sent out to a total of 3477 Swedish qualified auditors and we got 132 useful answers. The questionnaire included background information of the respondent, questions about auditor's professional skepticism, audit of fair value measurements and time budget pressure. These questions formed the base of the study's analysis and conclusionThe results indicate that auditors does not experience great time budget pressure but feel that the time budgets are relatively attainable although they still to a certain extent show dysfunctional behavior as a result of time budget pressure. The result also indicates that auditors feel that they face challenges when auditing fair value measurements. Further, we canbased on the result conclude that neither time budget pressure nor audit of fair value measurements strongly influence auditors’ professional skepticism. The results however, show a weak negative correlation between professional skepticism and audit of fair value measurements. The study's low response rate of 3.8 percent means that the results must be interpreted with great caution.
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Riggs, Elizabeth E. „Assumptions of Attentional Shift: Measurement of Physical Attention During Audio Narratives“. The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1590677141040261.
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Hammarqvist, Ulf. „Audio editing in the time-frequency domain using the Gabor Wavelet Transform“. Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Centrum för bildanalys, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-153634.
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Visualization, processing and editing of audio, directly on a time-frequency surface, is the scope of this thesis. More precisely the scalogram produced by a Gabor Wavelet transform is used, which is a powerful alternative to traditional techinques where the wave form is the main visual aid and editting is performed by parametric filters. Reconstruction properties, scalogram design and enhancements as well audio manipulation algorithms are investigated for this audio representation.The scalogram is designed to allow a flexible choice of time-frequency ratio, while maintaining high quality reconstruction. For this mean, the Loglet is used, which is observed to be the most suitable filter choice. Re-assignmentare tested, and a novel weighting function using partial derivatives of phase is proposed. An audio interpolation procedure is developed and shown to perform well in listening tests.The feasibility to use the transform coefficients directly for various purposes is investigated. It is concluded that Pitch shifts are hard to describe in the framework while noise thresh holding works well. A downsampling scheme is suggested that saves on operations and memory consumption as well as it speeds up real world implementations significantly. Finally, a Scalogram 'compression' procedure is developed, allowing the caching of an approximate scalogram.
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Christensen, Jens Enzo Nyby. „The detection, classification and restoration of noise transients in real-time audio“. Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708977.
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Lee, Peter. „Wavelet Filter Banks in Perceptual Audio Coding“. Thesis, University of Waterloo, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/927.
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This thesis studies the application of the wavelet filter bank (WFB) in perceptual audio coding by providing brief overviews of perceptual coding, psychoacoustics, wavelet theory, and existing wavelet coding algorithms. Furthermore, it describes the poor frequency localization property of the WFB and explores one filter design method, in particular, for improving channel separation between the wavelet bands. A wavelet audio coder has also been developed by the author to test the new filters. Preliminary tests indicate that the new filters provide some improvement over other wavelet filters when coding audio signals that are stationary-like and contain only a few harmonic components, and similar results for other types of audio signals that contain many spectral and temporal components.
It has been found that the WFB provides a flexible decomposition scheme through the choice of the tree structure and basis filter, but at the cost of poor localization properties. This flexibility can be a benefit in the context of audio coding but the poor localization properties represent a drawback. Determining ways to fully utilize this flexibility, while minimizing the effects of poor time-frequency localization, is an area that is still very much open for research.
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Beane, Allison Brooke. „Generating audio-responsive video images in real-time for a live symphony performance“. Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/5927.
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Multimedia performances, uniting music and interactive images, are a unique form of
entertainment that has been explored by artists for centuries. This audio-visual combination has
evolved from rudimentary devices generating visuals for single instruments to cutting-edge video
image productions for musical groups of all sizes. Throughout this evolution, a common goal
has been to create real-time, audio-responsive visuals that accentuate the sound and enhance the
performance. This paper explains the creation of a project that produces real-time, audioresponsive
and artist interactive visuals to accompany a live musical performance by a
symphony orchestra.
On April 23, 2006, this project was performed live with the Brazos Valley Symphony
Orchestra. The artist, onstage during the performance, controlled the visual presentation through
a user interactive, custom computer program. Using the power of current visualization
technology, this digital program was written to manipulate and synchronize images to a musical
work. This program uses pre-processed video footage chosen to reflect the energy of the music.
The integration of the video imagery into the program became a reiterative testing process that
allowed for important adjustments throughout the visual creation process. Other artists are encouraged to use this as a guideline for creating their own audio-visual projects exploring the
union of visuals and music.
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Einarsson, Thorvaldur. „Audio DSP time and frequency varying gain compensation for non-optimal listening levels /“. College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/72.
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Thesis (M.S.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2003.Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Surges, Gregory. „Generative Audio Systems| Musical Applications of Time-Varying Feedback Networks and Computational Aesthetics“. Thesis, University of California, San Diego, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3741016.
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This dissertation is focused on the development of generative audio systems - a term used describe generative music systems that generate both formal structure and synthesized audio content from the same audio-rate computational process. In other words, a system wherein the synthesis and organizational processes are inseparable and operate at the sample level.
First, a series of generative software systems are described. These systems each employ a different method to create generativity and, though they are not strictly generative audio systems, they lay important groundwork for the rest of the discussion as ideas from and contributions to the fields of generative algorithmic composition, computational aesthetics, music information dynamics, and digital signal processing are introduced.
Second, the dissertation investigates the use of a novel signal processing technique in which time-varying allpass filters are placed into feedback networks, producing synthesis structures capable of yielding interesting emergent sonic behaviors. Ideas from the field of computational aesthetics are employed to allow a large system built from these synthesis structures to become “aesthetically aware”. Many theories about computational aesthetics center around a favorable balance between order and complexity in a stimulus - a successful artistic work is neither too orderly nor too complex. Using a model of human perception based on the “mere exposure” effect, which describes how listener appreciation and boredom change as they experience repeated exposure to a stimulus, the AAS-4 system autonomously determines when and how to modify its own parameters to avoid repetitions that may lead to boredom in listeners.
The dissertation concludes with objective analysis of the generative system by considering the complexity of its output from an information-theoretic perspective. It was found that the generative audio system described here is capable of producing output with equivalent complexity to that of real-world musical examples. It is also shown that the level of complexity in the generated audio and real-world examples falls in-between the low complexity of silence and sinusoids and the maximal complexity of white noise, corresponding with the theories from computational aesthetics. Future directions of this work are also described. Two appendices describing related topics that would disrupt the flow of the dissertation are included.
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Sjöberg, Peter. „Real-Time Audio Simulation with Implicit Surfaces using Sphere Tracing on the GPU“. Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för kommunikation och information, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-5121.
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Digital games are based on interactive virtual environments where graphics and audio are combined. In many of these games there is lot of effort put into graphics while leaving the audio part underdeveloped. Audio in games is important in order to immerse the player in the virtual environment. Where a high level of emulated reality is needed graphics and audio should be combined on a similar level of realism. To make this possible a sophisticated method for audio simulation is needed. In the audio simulation field previous attempts at using ray tracing methods were successful. With methods based on ray tracing the sound waves are traced from the audio source to the listener in the virtual environment, where the environment is based on a scene consisting of implicit surfaces. A key part in the tracing computations is finding the intersection point between a sound wave and the surfaces in the scene. Sphere tracing is an alternative method for finding the intersection point and has been shown to be feasible for real-time usage on the graphics processing unit (GPU). To be interactive a game environment runs in real-time, this fact puts a time constraint on the rendering of the graphics and audio. The time constraint is based on the time window to render one frame in the synchronized rendering of graphics and audio based on the frame rate of the graphics. Consumer computer systems of today are in general equipped with a GPU, if an audio simulation can use the GPU in real-time this is a possible implementation target in a game system. The aim of this thesis is to investigate if audio simulation with the ray tracing method based on sphere tracing is possible to run in real-time on the GPU. An audio simulation system is implemented in order to examine the possibility for real-time usage based on computation time. The results of this thesis show that audio simulation with implicit surfaces using sphere tracing is possible to use in real-time with the GPU in some form. The time consumption for an audio simulation system like this is small enough to enable it for real-time usage. Based on an interactive graphics frame rate the time consumption allows the graphics and audio computations to use the GPU in the same frame time.
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Voigt, Michael. „Implementation and quantitative analysis of a real-time sound architecture“. Master's thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-ds-1239894475030-85888.
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Several available free software audio solutions were analyzed, and Jackdmp—a C++ reimplementation of the renowned JACK Audio Connection Kit—was selected as the most appropriate solution for a real-time audio architecture on DROPS. The JACK sound architecture provides the lowest processing latency possible on a desktop computer for a given set of sound card parameters. It reduces the latency jitter caused by software to zero and synchronizes streams at sample accuracy. A real-time admission scheme for JACK clients is proposed. The execution time of different typical JACK clients was analyzed with measurements to validate the assumptions the proposal is based on, but also to gain further knowledge about their timing behavior. The measurements showed that the condition set by Paul Davis—the time to process a client must be a linear function of the buffer size—holds for all tested clients. Jackdmp was ported to DROPS. The developed design of the port and its implementation is documented here. Measurements showed that—although the real-time performance of the Linux kernel is continuously being improved in the mainline and on special external branches—DROPS can provide a signaling latency that is two times lower on average than the values that can be achieved on the same machine running with a low latency patched Linux kernel. Thus, it can be stated that DROPS is well-suited for real-time audio processing and that the pursued path to use it as the foundation of a truly real-time capable audio workstation should be followedWenn man heute digitale Audiotechnik zum Aufnehmen oder Abmischen von Musik oder anderen Audiodaten verwenden möchte, steht man vor der Wahl, entweder auf eine sehr spezialisierte Hardwarelösung zurückzugreifen oder aber sich eines gewöhnlichen Desktopsystems mit entsprechender Audiosoftware zu bedienen. Der Vorteil eines Desktopsystems ist neben seinem deutlich niedrigeren Preis vor allem die Flexibilität. Bezüglich seines Echtzeitverhaltens bietet ein Computer mit einem Standard-Desktop-Betriebssystem aber bei weitem nicht dieselbe Verlässlichkeit einer spezialisierten Hardwarelösung oder analoger Technik. Die Architektur von DROPS --- mit dem echtzeitfähigen Fiasco- Mikrokern auf der einen Seite sowie der Unterstützung von Legacy-Anwendungen durch L4Linux auf der anderen Seite --- birgt die Hoffnung, die Vorteile von den beiden eben beschriebenen Welten auf einem System mit DROPS kombinieren zu können. Die Motivation meiner Arbeit war es, für dieses langfristige Ziel einen ersten Grundstein zu legen. Dazu war es meine Aufgabe, verschiedene Open-Source- Lösungen hinsichtlich ihrer Eignung als Echtzeit-Audioarchitektur für DROPS zu analysieren und die am besten geeignete auf L4Env zu portieren. Meine Wahl fiel dabei auf das in der Linux-Audio-Szene wohlbekannte Jack Audio Connection Kit (JACK). Desweiteren konnte ich in der Arbeit untersuchen, wie sich die JACK Audioarchitektur in ein globales Echtzeit-Scheduling --- z.B. eines von DROPS --- einbetten ließe, und schlage eine generische Methode dafür vor
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Casadei, Lorenzo. „Studio sugli amplificatori audio operanti in classe D“. Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/3015/.
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Rydman, Oskar. „Data processing of Controlled Source Audio Magnetotelluric (CSAMT) Data“. Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Geofysik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-387246.
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During this project three distinct methods to improve the data processing of Controlled Source Audio Magnetotellurics (CSAMT) data are implemented and their advantages and disadvantages are discussed. The methods in question are: Detrending the time series in the time domain, instead of detrending in the frequencydomain. Implementation of a coherency test to pinpoint data segments of low quality andremove these data from the calculations. Implementing a method to detect and remove transients from the time series toreduce background noise in the frequency spectra. Both the detrending in time domain and the transient removal shows potential in improvingdata quality even if the improvements are small(both in the (1-10% range). Due totechnical limitations no coherency test was implemented. Overall the processes discussedin the report did improve the data quality and may serve as groundwork for further improvementsto come.Projektet behandlar tre stycken metoder för att förbättra signalkvaliten hos Controlled Source Audio Magnetotellurics (CSAMT) data, dessa implementeras och deras för- och nackdelar diskuteras. Metoderna som hanteras är: Avlägsnandet av trender från tidsserier i tidsdomänen istället för i frekvensdomänen. Implementationen av ett koherenstest för att identifiera ”dåliga” datasegment ochavlägsna dessa från vidare beräkningar. Implementationen av en metod för att både hitta och avlägsna transienter (dataspikar) från tidsserien för att minska bakgrundsbruset i frekvensspektrat. Både avlägsnandet av trender samt transienter visar positiv inverkan på datakvaliteten,även om skillnaderna är relativt små (båda på ungefär 1-10%). På grund av begränsningarfrån mätdatan kunde inget meningsfullt koherenstest utformas. Överlag har processernasom diskuteras i rapporten förbättrat datakvaliten och kan ses som ett grundarbete förfortsatta förbättringar inom området.
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Doleček, Pavel. „Využití moderních metod v integrovaném systému managementu stavebního podniku“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-225634.
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Diploma thesis focuses on the use of modern methods in an integrated management system construction company. The first part is devoted to theoretical introduction of selected modern methods and process management. Describes the possibilities of using the cloud information system and the way of auditing of company processes by standards. In the practical part is introduced monitored company including a description of control mechanisms. The work is mainly focused on the analysis and identification of processes in construction company in selected area of managing the commissions. The final section contains design and implementation of information system and possibility for using of modern methods.