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1
Heger, Martin. „Audit v počítačovém prostředí“. Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-10902.
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The work shows risks and opportunities of audit of financial statements resulting from a computer environment. First it describes the general principles of auditing and its legislative definition. For basic orientation to the work deals with new trends of IS / ICT in accounting. Following them it describes different approaches of auditors to the computer environment. The main part focuses on computer-assisted audit techniques (CAATTs), which auditors can use depending on their approach to the computer environment.
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Myers, Marla Ann. „A test of the relation between audit technology and the development of expertise“. Diss., The University of Arizona, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186013.
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The approach typically taken in expertise research has used audit experience as an expertise surrogate, but the nature of "experience" varies among auditors and among firms. One systematic difference in an auditor's experience is the level of "structure" incorporated into the employing firm's audit process. The schemata developed through experience with a structured audit technology may differ from an unstructured technology. It is hypothesized that when performing a task in a "typical" audit situation, auditors experienced with a more structured audit technology will demonstrate higher audit effectiveness compared with auditors who receive less structured audit technology experience. On the other hand, in "atypical" audit situations it is hypothesized that the unstructured firm's experienced auditors will perform better. The experiment used auditors from two Big Six accounting firms: a structured firm and an unstructured firm. The experimental task consisted of two cases. The "atypical" audit case was identical to the typical case except for the inclusion of fraudulent sales. The results support the prediction that in atypical audit situations experienced auditors from unstructured firms perform better than experienced auditors from structured firms. The results indicate that structured firms should consider developing training programs and procedures to ensure that auditors have compensating learning experiences and to provide quality audit service.
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Bacoup, Pascal. „Mise en oeuvre d'un système normalisé optimisé par les démarches du Lean Management“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAA014/document.
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Les travaux présentés dans ce mémoire de thèse portent sur une démarche de fusion entre le Lean Management et la mise en oeuvre d’une certification de type ISO. Nous avons qualifié cette démarche de « Lean Normalisation ». Elle propose une nouvelle façon d'aborder la mise en oeuvre des normes ISO dans une entreprise, avec six étapes inspirées des principaux concepts du Lean Management.Après un état de l’art présentant l’ISO, son historique et les diverses versions normatives, nous proposons une analyse des différentes approches et définitions du Lean Management. Cette analyse repose sur une étude bibliographique abondante du domaine depuis plusieurs années.L’étude bibliographique couplée ISO/Lean nous a permis d’identifier la problématique suivante :les tentatives de fusion entre ces deux approches n’émergent pas sur une proposition de modélisation mettant en synergie l’ISO et le Lean Management. Nous proposons, de ce fait, une approche novatrice que nous avons qualifiée de « Lean Normalisation ».Cette approche se déroule en six étapes : le Muda Documentaire, le Juste Documentaire, la Conception du Processus d’Amélioration Continue, la Qualité Exigible, le Management Visuel, et l’Animation du Système de Management de la Qualité. La mise en oeuvre de cette approche s’appuie sur une démarche projet constituée de dix jalons.Suite à l’application de notre approche dans différentes entreprises, et après avoir fait le constat de l’inefficacité des audits de certification classiques, nous ouvrons de nouveaux horizons en proposant une vision différente de l'audit fondée sur le Stress Test OrganisationnelThe research presented in this PhD thesis looks at an approach which attempts to merge Lean Management and the implementation of ISO-type certification. This method, that we have called "Lean Normalization", proposes a new way of approaching the implementation of ISO standards in a company, using six steps inspired from Lean Management concepts.Once a state of the art of ISO, its history and the different normative versions have been presented, we then analyze the different approaches and definitions of Lean Management.The bibliographic study of both ISO and Lean methods has enabled us to identify the following problem: the attempts to merge ISO and Lean do not lead to any type of formal modelling. We therefore propose an innovative approach which we call "Lean Normalization".This approach is composed of the following six steps: Documentary Muda, Right Documents,Design of the Process of Continuous Improvement, Due Quality, Visual Management and Animation of the Quality Management System. The application of our approach in companies has enabled us to highlight the ineffectiveness of conventional audit. Therefore, in the last chapter, we propose a different vision of an audit based on the Organizational Stress Test
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Klíma, Tomáš. „Penetrační testování bezpečnosti informačních systémů“. Doctoral thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-261942.
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The aim of this dissertation thesis is to develop new methodology of information systems penetration testing based on analysis of current methodologies and the role of penetration tests in context of IS/IT governance. Integral part of this aim is evaluation of the methodology. The first part of the thesis is devoted to the presentation of history and current state of research in selected area, definiton of basic terms and introduction of role of the penetration tests. This part is followed by the review of relevant sources and comparative study of current methodologies with a goal to identify their weaknesses. Results from this study are further used as a basis for new methodology development. Classification of IS penetration tests types and testing scenarios are also included. The second part includes design of new methodology, at first its history, structure and principles are presented, then its framework is decribed in high level of detail. In the third part the reader can find (theoretical and practical) validation. The biggest scientific contribution is the methodology itself focused on managment of penetration tests (which is the area currently not sufficiently descibed). Secondary contribution is the extensive review and the comparative analysis of current methodologies. Contribution to the economic and technical (practical) application we can mainly see in the development of new methodology which enables companies to improve management of penetration tests (especially planning, operational management and implementation of countermeasures).
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鄧雅芝 und Ngar-chi Tang. „Selected performance indicators of papanicolaou smear examinations at Department of Health screening centres: aclinical audit between 1997 and 1999“. Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31969926.
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Tang, Ngar-chi. „Selected performance indicators of papanicolaou smear examinations at Department of Health screening centres a clinical audit between 1997 and 1999 /“. Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B23295132.
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7
Guidry, Flora Gail. „A test of the determinants of auditor tendency to issue going-concern audit reports to nonfailing companies“. Diss., The University of Arizona, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186091.
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The purpose of this study is to develop and test a model to explain why auditors issue going-concern reports to companies that subsequently do not fail. Given the auditor's access to records and unique interaction with management and legal council during the audit, it seems plausible that the auditor' s going concern report can serve as a useful indicator or "signal" of the company's potential inability to maintain itself as a going-concern. However, before one can even discuss the usefulness of the going-concern audit report, it must be shown to be reliable. Developing a model to explain why the auditor's signal of a client's going-concern status subsequently proves to be unreliable should help financial statement users better assess the information value or usefulness of the going-concern audit report. In this study the likelihood that the auditor has sent a reliable signal of the company's subsequent economic status to financial statement users was hypothesized to be a function of the client and auditor related factors which affect the auditor's judgements and/or reporting decisions. The tests showed that the company's estimated probability of bankruptcy, an indicator of ambiguity and complexity in the auditor's decision-making environment, was a significant determinant of signaling reliability. In addition, audit technology was found to be significantly related to signaling reliability, with more structured auditing firms issuing reports which appear to be more reliable than the audit reports issued by less structured auditing firms. Finally, subsequent mitigating actions or events which are reported between the date of the audit report and the subsequent financial statements are significantly negatively associated with signaling reliability of the going-concern audit report. The remaining client and auditor-related factors--audit/client tenure, auditor's industry concentration ratio, and client size relative to the auditor's total client base are not significantly associated with the report's signaling reliability. However, the results suggest that these factors should be further examined.
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Mentz, Henriette Cornelia. „Geschlechterspezifische Grenzwerte für eine Computerversion des "Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test" (AUDIT) bei Leichtverletzten in der Rettungsstelle“. Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Medizinische Fakultät - Universitätsklinikum Charité, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/15477.
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Da Alkohol und Trauma hoch miteinander assoziiert sind, sind Screeningmaßnahmen bezüglich des Konsums von Alkohol und damit verbundener Probleme in einer Rettungsstelle sinnvoll und effektiv, wenn sich Maßnahmen, wie z.B. Kurzinterventionen anschließen. Der "Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test" (AUDIT) wird als Screeninginstrument empfohlen, um potentielle Kandidaten für präventive Alkoholkurzinterventionen zu identifizieren. Obwohl niedrigere Grenzwerte für den AUDIT bei Frauen als bei Männern vorgeschlagen wurden, sind konkrete Werte bislang unklar. Das primäre Ziel dieser Studie war es, die optimalen AUDIT-Grenzwerte für die Detektion von gefährdendem Alkoholkonsum sowohl bei Männern als auch bei Frauen zu bestimmen, die in der Rettungsstelle wegen eines Traumas behandelt wurden. Das sekundäre Ziel bestand darin zu untersuchen, ob das Screening mit einer Computerversion des AUDIT in der Rettungsstelle durchführbar ist. Methoden: In der Rettungsstelle der Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte wurden in einem Zeitraum von 8 Monaten 1205 Männer und 722 Frauen bei einer computerisierten Befragung zum Lebensstil, in die der AUDIT eingebettet war, gescreent. Die Kriterien der WHO von 2000 für hochriskanten Konsum sowie die WHO-Kriterien für Abhängigkeit und schädlichen Gebrauch wurden verwendet, um gefährdenden Konsum zu identifizieren. Der primäre Zielparameter war die Fähigkeit des AUDIT, Männer und Frauen mit mindestens einem der drei Kriterien zu detektieren. Ferner wurde eine Spezifität von 0,80 a priori als ausreichend für dieses Setting definiert. Ergebnisse:17,5% der Männer und 6,8% der Frauen erfüllten die Kriterien für gefährdenden Alkoholkonsum. Die Validität des AUDIT, gemessen an der Receiver Operated Characteristics war gut bei Männern und gut bis sehr gut bei Frauen. Bei einer Spezifität von 0,80 betrug die Sensitivität 0,75 für Männer bei einem Grenzwert von 8 Punkten und 0,84 für Frauen bei einem Grenzwert von 5 Punkten. 85% der Patienten konnten die Computerbefragung ohne weitere Hilfestellung durchführen. Schlussfolgerungen: Durch eine Reduktion des AUDIT- Grenzwertes auf 5 Punkte für Frauen (bei einem Grenzwert von 8 Punkten für Männer) lässt sich ein gefährdender Konsum mit der für beide Geschlechter gleichen ausreichenden Spezifität und damit vergleichbaren Sensitivitäten bei leichtverletzten Patienten der Rettungsstelle screenen. Der Einsatz von Computerscreening ist in der Rettungsstelle durchführbar und könnte eine Möglichkeit sein, Screeningmaßnahmen trotz des häufig bestehenden Zeitmangels in Rettungsstellen durchzuführen.Objective: Because of alcohol and trauma are highly associated, screening for alcohol consumption and related problems is usefull and effective in emergency departements in conjunction with brief intervention.The Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) has been recommended as a screening tool to detect patients who are appropriate candidates for brief, preventive alcohol interventions. Lower AUDIT cutoff scores have been proposed for women than men; however, appropriate value remains unknown. The primary purpose of this study was to determine the optimal AUDIT cutpoint for detecting alcohol problems as well in male as in female patients who are treated in the emergency departement (ED). An additionel purpose of the study was to determine whether computerized screening for alcohol problem is feasible in this setting. Methods: The study was performed in the ED of Universitätsmedizin Berlin-Charité, Campus Mitte. During an 8-month period 1205 male and 722 female injured patients were screened, using an interactive computerized assessment that includes the AUDIT as an embedded component. WHO criterias were used to define alcohol dependence and harmful drinking. WHO criterias (2000) for excessive consumption were used to define high-risk drinking.The ability of the AUDIT to classify appropriatly male and female as having at least one of this three conditions was the primary outcome measure. A specifity of > 0.80 was a priori defined to be sufficient in this setting. Results: Criteria for any alcohol use disorder were present in 17.5% of male and 6.8% of female patients. The overall accuracy of the AUDIT, measured by the Receiver Operated Characteristics was good for men and good to excellent for women. At a specifity ? 0.80, sensitivity was 0.75 for men using a cutoff of 8 points and 0.84 for women using a cutoff of 5 points. Eighty-five percent of patients completed computerized screening without additionel help. Conclusions: By the reduction of the threshold for women to 5 points and a threshold for men of 8 points is it possible to screen injured patients in the ED with similar sufficient specifity and comparable sensitivity, when using the AUDIT. Computerized AUDIT administration is feasible and may help to overcome time limitations that may compromise screening in this busy clinical environment.
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Quarles, Ross. „Professional Commitment, Organizational Commitment, and Organizational-Professional Conflict in the Internal Audit Function Model: Development and Test“. Thesis, North Texas State University, 1988. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331961/.
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This dissertation is a descriptive, exploratory examination of professional commitment, organizational commitment, and conflict between those commitments in the internal audit profession. That conflict has been suggested in prior studies as the source of dysfunctional outcomes such as increased role stress, high turnover, decreased job satisfaction, and the exercise of improper judgment leading to audit failures. The descriptive aspect of this study deals with the development of a more comprehensive structural model of the factors and relationships involved in commitment and conflict than has been developed by previous research dealing with accountants. The exploratory aspect deals with the testing and refinement of the developed model utilizing the internal audit profession as the field of examination. The model developed in this study is derived from the synthesis of factors suggested by role theory, the concept of side bets, the cosmopolitan-local construct, and the concept of commitment as a process. This research utilizes a questionnaire administered to 205 practicing internal auditors in order to test 30 hypothesized relationships. Path analysis is used to determine the significant direct relationships between variables with a process of theory trimming being conducted in order to produce more parsimonious structural models. Indirect relationships between significant variables are identified and their redundant or suppressive nature determined. Explanations of these suppressive or redundant relationships are provided based on the theoretical considerations identified above. Such a determination and explanation of the redundant and suppressive indirect relationships involved in the commitment-conflict relationship has not been accomplished in earlier studies of the subject. Although the procedures used here do not support causal conclusions, the findings of this study indirectly provide evidence that conflict between the two commitments in the internal audit area is not to be considered inherent. The findings also suggest a possible undesirable relationship between organizational formalization and professional commitment.
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Célérier, Laure. „L'Etat et ses contrôleur-e-s à l'épreuve de l'audit interne : une étude sur l'introduction d'une fonction d'audit interne dans l'administration centrale d'Etat en France“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLH017.
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Cette thèse analyse l'introduction d'une fonction d'audit interne dans l'administration centrale d'Etat, en France, suite à une réforme de juin 2011. Elle repose sur une collecte de données qualitatives, composées d'entretiens semi-directifs (n=121), d'une observation participante de 5 mois, de celle de plusieurs réunions, et d'analyse de documents. Notre thèse montre que l’introduction d’une fonction d’audit interne a été rendue possible non seulement par un contexte international et national caractérisé par le succès de l’audit, mais aussi par un ensemble antérieur de réformes, ayant eu notamment pour effet d’affaiblir la légitimité des contrôleur-e-s de l’administration.Le contenu de l’audit interne mis en oeuvre est façonné, dans un premier temps par les luttes de pouvoir au sein de l’administration, qui déclenchent la réforme, et dans un second temps, par une confrontation autour du sens à donner à la réforme, qui implique les contrôleur-e-s en charge d’introduire l’audit interne dans leurs ministères. Enfin, notre recherche montre que l’introduction de l’audit interne non seulement déstabilise l’organisation antérieure du contrôle dans l’administration, mais en outre est symptomatique d’un renouvellement de l’exercice du pouvoir étatiqueThis thesis analyzes the introduction of an internal audit function in the French government administration, following a reform launched in June 2011. It is based on qualitative data collection, composed of semi-structured interviews (n=121), a five-month participant observation, the attendance of several meetings and document analysis. Our thesis shows that the introduction of an internal audit function was made possible not only by a buoyant context, characterized by the success of the audit, but also by a previous set of reforms. This set of reforms had several effects, including a weakening of the legitimacy of government controllers.Internal audit, as it is implemented in the administration, is shaped, firstly by power struggles within the administration, which triggered the reform, secondly by a confrontation of government controllers in charge of implementing the reform in their ministries. Lastly, our research shows that the introduction of internal audit not only destabilizes the previous organization of government control, but also reveals a transformation of state power
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Albersmann, Benjamin T. [Verfasser], Reiner [Akademischer Betreuer] Quick und Dirk [Akademischer Betreuer] Schiereck. „IFRS Goodwill Impairment Test - Audit Approach, Earnings Management, and Capital Market Perception / Benjamin T. Albersmann ; Reiner Quick, Dirk Schiereck“. Darmstadt : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Darmstadt, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1133262023/34.
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Foster, Madison. „Audit and Feedback to Improve Laboratory Test and Transfusion Ordering in Critical Care: A Systematic Review & Assessment of Adherence to Best Practices“. Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/39168.
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Audit and feedback (A&F), provision of performance data, can be an effective means to change behaviour. We hypothesize that A&F may be useful in the complex environment of critical care to address routine ordering behaviours. This thesis describes a systematic review assessing the use and effectiveness of A&F for the improvement of intensive care unit laboratory test and transfusion ordering and an analysis of how these interventions adhere to recent suggestions for best practice. The review identified relatively few published studies, almost all of which involved multi-component interventions; these were generally found to be moderately effective. Through development of an evaluation tool, we found recent suggestions for best practice may be underutilized in existing A&F interventions. This work has identified several priorities for future research to aid in the optimization of critical care A&F interventions aimed at improving test and transfusion ordering.
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Buschmeier, Isabell [Verfasser], und Johannes [Akademischer Betreuer] Kleinheinz. „Der Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) als präoperatives Screeninginstrument für die postoperative exogene Psychose / Isabell Buschmeier. Betreuer: Johannes Kleinheinz“. Münster : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1029743347/34.
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Patel, Chandni. „Reliability Generalization of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test“. Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2008. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1973.
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The Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) is a brief screening instrument for assessing alcohol use problems among adults. This instrument is widely used and continued evaluation of its psychometric performance is needed. Reliability and validity are the primary psychometric characteristics of interest when evaluating psychological instruments. The focus of the present study is on reliability, which reflects the consistency or repeatability of the scores produced by a given instrument. Using meta-analytic methods, results showed that approximately 65% of previously published studies using the AUDIT did not appropriately report reliability estimates. Among the remaining studies, weighted reliability estimate centered on .81 (SD = .07) suggesting that the AUDIT generally produces scores of adequate reliability for most research purposes. Multiple regression equations showed that, among a variety of sample and methodological characteristics, the standard deviation of scores was the only statistically significant predictor of the variability in AUDIT score reliability estimates.
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Ristic, Peric Tatijana. „The influence of the auditor-CFO relationship on the audit of goodwill impairment tests and possible write downs : A study of four Swedish listed companies“. Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-226787.
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The objective of IAS 36 is to guide a company on how to apply procedures to ensure that its assets are carried at no more than their recoverable amount. The standard IAS 36 is however obscure and full of gaps to be filled with assumptions made by the CFO. Considering the obscurity of IAS 36, the audit of goodwill impairment tests and possible write downs can have different outcomes depending on the relationship between the auditor and CFO. This paper contributes to the literature by investigating how the auditor-CFO relationship influences the audit of goodwill impairment tests and possible write downs. The primary data consist of eight semi-structured interviews with four auditor-CFO pairs, in four Swedish listed companies. The auditor- CFO relationship and related negotiations are found to highly influence the audit of goodwill impairment tests and possible write downs. The findings indicate that the respondents view the auditor-CFO relationship as being proactive. Depending on what role the auditor is ascribed in the relationship by the CFO, the goodwill impairment tests and possible write downs have a different outcome, where optimistic values of the impairment tests are either upheld by implementation of relevant strategies or write downs are conducted.
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Vadenbo, Jonatan, und Wali Mirza. „Revisionskvalitet vid distansarbete : En kvalitativ studie om effekterna av Covid-19“. Thesis, Karlstads universitet, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-84614.
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Den pågående Covid-19 pandemin har orsakat dödsfall, risk mot människors hälsa och världsekonomisk nedgång. Detta ledde till att flera organisationer runt om världen tog hänsyn till hälsomyndigheternas restriktioner och implementerade distansarbete för organisationers fortsatta överlevnad. Revisionsbranschen har inte varit ett undantag när det gäller implementering av distansarbete. Den snabba globaliseringen har möjliggjort stor utveckling inom digitalisering, vilket många revisionsbyråer anammat. Revisionsbranschen under skrivandets stund, är mer utrustad med digitala verktyg än för några år sen. Det har lett till att revisionsbranschen har varit omedvetet förbereda att implementera distansarbete till följd av Covid-19. Distansarbetes påverkan på revisionskvalitet är ett outforskat område vid skrivandets stund, därför är syftet med studien att bidra med kunskap om hur det ökade distansarbetet under Covid-19 har påverkat revisionskvalitet. I vår studie korsas två olika områden, revisionskvalitet och distansarbete. Studien presenterar faktorer som påverkar revisionskvalitet när distansarbete implementeras. Samtliga faktorer har undersökts genom tio kvalitativa intervjuer med revisorer som har varierande erfarenhet. Majoriteten av respondenterna i studien hör till Big-4 byråer och två respondenter i studien hör till en medelstor revisionsbyrå. Studien bidrar med kunskap om hur distansarbete påverkar revisionskvalitet. Studien gör detta genom att undersöka distansarbetets påverkan på två olika dimensioner som revisionskvalitet består av, input och process. Resultatet påvisar att distansarbete har lett till begränsad kommunikation och mänsklig interaktion, förändringar i revisionsgranskningsmetoder och sämre effektivitet. Vilket leder till en lägre sannolikhet att fel upptäcks och därmed påverkar revisionskvalitet negativt. Studien ger även bidrag till forskningen om distansarbete inom revisionsbranschen.The ongoing Covid-19 pandemic has caused deaths, risks to human health, and a global economic downturn. The pandemic led several organizations worldwide to consider the public health authorities' restrictions and implementing teleworking for organizations' continued survival. The auditing industry has not been an exception when it comes to implementing teleworking. Rapid globalization has enabled significant developments in digitalization, which many auditing firms have embraced. As a result, today's auditing industry is more equipped with digital tools than a few years ago. As a result, the auditing industry has been unknowingly preparing to implement teleworking due to Covid-19. However, the impact of teleworking on audit quality is an unexplored area at the time of writing. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to contribute knowledge about how the increased teleworking during Covid-19 has affected auditing quality. In our study, two different areas are crossed, audit quality and telework. Many factors that can affect audit quality are indirect due to the increasing telework in auditing. All factors were explored through ten qualitative interviews with auditors who have varying experiences. The majority of the respondents in the study belong to Big-4 agencies, and two respondents in the study belong to a medium-sized auditing firm. The study contributes knowledge of how teleworking affects audit quality. The study does this by examining the impact of teleworking on two different dimensions that make up audit quality, input, and process. The results show that teleworking has led to limited communication and human interaction, changes in audit methods, and lower efficiency, leading to a lower probability that errors are detected and negatively affects audit quality. Thus, the study also contributes to research on teleworking in the auditing industry.
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Hledíková, Renáta. „Nezávislý audit vybrané společnosti - spolupráce externího a interního auditora“. Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-125037.
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This master thesis aims to characterise the role and importance of audit in business. After closer look at the definition of audit itself, the international standards and laws are examined, followed by description of each specific step of audit work. At the end of the theoretical part, the clarification of differences between external and internal audit is made, together with suggestions of possible effects of their cooperation. The main part comes after the theoretical introduction and concludes the execution of audit work in cooperation with the real auditor in the chosen company XZ, a.s. In this practical part of the thesis all the theoretical and methodological knowledge from the previous part are implemented.
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Mentz, Henriette Cornelia [Verfasser], Andreas [Gutachter] Heinz, Claudia [Gutachter] Spies und Karl [Gutachter] Mann. „Geschlechterspezifische Grenzwerte für eine Computerversion des "Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test" (AUDIT) bei Leichtverletzten in der Rettungsstelle / Henriette Cornelia Mentz ; Gutachter: Andreas Heinz, Claudia Spies, Karl Mann“. Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2006. http://d-nb.info/1208079263/34.
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Věžník, Marek. „Testy věcné správnosti v auditu“. Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-162264.
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The statutory auditor is required to submit an independent professional opinion about whether the financial statements give a true and fair view of the financial situation of the company and whether the financial statements are prepared in accordance with applicable accounting standards. Auditor reinforces credibility of information included in financial statements. External users are then able to make reasonable economic decisions based on those financial statements. Auditor performs many activities during audit and substantive procedures are one of them. Substantive procedures are tests of account balances and transactions that auditor performs to obtain information about the completeness, accuracy and relevance of the financial records. The goal of the theoretical part of the thesis is to describe the development of the audit profession, applicable legal and ethical standards regulating the audit profession and describe all the stages of the audit process. The goal of the practical part is to describe and audit of fictional manufacturing company with a focus on substantive procedures that the auditor performs on tangible and intangible assets.
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Kováč, Tomáš. „Testy vybraných položek účetní závěrky z pohledu auditora“. Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-193110.
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Topic of this master's thesis is testing of selected items of financial statements from the auditor's perspective. Thesis is divided into 4 main chapters. The first three are methodological where the first of them describes characteristics of auditing as such, its meaning, functions, purpose and object. It also explains a role of the auditor, their job description, competence, responsibility and subsequently describes The Chamber of Auditors of the Czech Republic. The second chapter analyses legal regulations of the audit, ie. laws, regulations and standards that effect both the accounting and the audit. The third and final theoretical chapter describes the methodology and steps of the audit and all the activities that audit involves. The fourth, practical chapter includes explained methodology on selected financial statement items such as tangible and intangible fixed assets, personnel expenses, short-term financial assets, inventory, receivables, equity, reserve fund, revenues and expenses related to their own production and production margin.
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Mėlinytė-Mėlinauskienė, Inga. „Prekių apskaita ir auditas“. Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2006. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2006~D_20060615_135351-61139.
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Analyzing scientific and normative literature and making an empirical research in Lithuanian companies of trading and audit, it is set the particularities of accounting ant audit of goods, main problems of the audit of goods and solution of those problems.
The object of research – accounting and audit of goods.
The aim of research – systematize, ground and to offer decisions for improvement of accounting and audit of goods after analyzing various aspects of accounting and audit of goods theoretically and practically.
The main tasks:
1)after explore scientific and normative literature of subject-matter, to define conception of goods in accounting and audit, to concretize tasks of audit of goods, and to substantiate importance of inventory in accounting and audit of goods;
2)to determine main requirements for accounting of goods and applied principles of accounting; to analyze practical possibilities and difficulties of their application; to analyze regulatory system of accounting goods in Lithuania;
3)following results of performed empiric research of accounting of goods as well as analysis of scientific and normative literature, to determine reasons of choosing methods of valuation of goods and ways of accounting as well as problems of their application and to offer possible methods of solving problems;
4)after studying scientific literature about to determine possible problems of audit and to offer ways of their solving;
5)to create model of sequence of performing audit of... [to full text]
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Krajíček, Jiří. „Bezpečnostní audit firewallu“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-218243.
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An aim of master´s thesis is Firewall security audit. Main tasks this work is introduce with principles of application for audit, create methodology and with this methodology make security audit of the selected firewalls. Theoretical part of this document deal with firewalls and possibilities of integration into network infrastructure. And next with audit and principles of application for security audit. Next practical part of this document deal with creation methodology and procedures including penetration testing. With this methodology is created audit of linux firewall and ISA 2006 included tips for change configuration providing more security.
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Miskosová, Lenka. „Audit účetní závěrky vybrané firmy“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-224509.
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The main goal of the thesis is to provide its readers information about external audit and describe individual phases and audit procedures of auditing the financial statements. The practical part of the thesis is then focused on application of theoretical knowledge on practical example. Audit is performed for area of long-term tangible and intangible assets in the selected company. The conclusion of the thesis includes deficiencies identified during the audit and proposed solutions of these deficiencies.
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Wood, Steven Gregory. „Objective Test Methods for Waveguide Audio Synthesis“. BYU ScholarsArchive, 2007. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/853.
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Acoustic Physical Modeling has emerged as a newer musical synthesis technique. The most common form of physical modeling synthesis in both industry and academia is digital waveguide synthesis. Commercially available for the past thirteen years, the top synthesizer manufacturers have chosen to include physical modeling synthesis in their top of the line models. In the area of audio quality testing, the most common tests have traditionally been group listening tests. While these tests are subjective and can be expensive and time-consuming, the results are validated by the groups' proper quality standards. Research has been conducted to evaluate objective testing procedures in order to find alternative methods for testing audio quality. This research has resulted in various standards approved by the International Telecommunication Union. Tests have proven the reliability of these objective test methods in the areas of telephony as well as various codecs, including MP3. The objective of this research is to determine whether objective test measurements can be used reliably in the area of acoustic physical modeling synthesis, specifically digital waveguide synthesis. Both the Perceptual Audio Quality Measure (PAQM) and Noise-To-Mask Ratio (NMR) objective tests will be performed on the Karplus-Strong algorithm form of Digital Waveguide synthesis. A corresponding listening test based on the Mean Opinion Score (MOS) will also be conducted, and the results from the objective and subjective tests will be compared. The results will show that more research and work needs to be done in this area, as neither the PAQM nor NMR algorithms sufficiently matched the output of the subjective listening tests. Recommendations will be made for future work.
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Šellenberková, Ilona. „Testy prováděné v auditu“. Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-149853.
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The aim of the diploma thesis "Tests carried out in audit" is evaluation of the general purpose financial statements performed by the asistent auditor in the trainee program. The theoretical part explains the basic concepts of the auditing profession, defines the person authorized to perform audit activities, their rights and obligations. As well it analyses each phase of the audit, characterize the audit process and analyze the audit risk, the concept of materiality and the substantive tests. The practical part of the thesis is focused on the analysis of selected audit procedures in the basic part of the General purpose financial statements (tangible assets, accounts receivable, payroll, cash and cash equivalents).
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Nor, Mohd Jailani Mohd. „A machine component monitoring system using audio acoustic signals“. Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 1996. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/20074/.
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The main objective of this study is to develop a new type of machine-component monitoring system which is non-intrusive and non-contact in nature. Moreover, the design of the system to be developed must be robust enough for it to be implemented in an industrial environment. Therefore, this study was initiated to overcome some of the problems that were encountered using the well-established vibration method. For instance, vibration measurement of a machine component is dependent on the quality of contact between an accelerometer with a vibrating surface. Vibration measurement of a machine component is also affected by the vibration of other machine components near the vicinity, in addition to the presence of power-supply-line frequency and its harmonics. On the other hand, the application of a desirable non-intrusive and a non-contact nature of sound pressure measurement method is difficult to carry out if the background sound level is high. This is because sound pressure measurement is dependent on the characteristics of a sound field where a measurement is carried out. For these reasons, air-particle acceleration signals were utilised in the study. Air-particle acceleration is a vector quantity and measurement of vector property can improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the measured signal, even in a noisy environment. A dedicated test rig was constructed to carry out the experiments and to test the hypothesis. Rolling element bearings were used for the experiment because of the many different types of defect that can develop in them, such as inner race, rolling element and outer race defects. Moreover, the dynamic behaviour of bearings are well understood and can be compared with experimental results obtained from the study. Several different methods of analysis were used in the study including statistical, spectral, cepstral and wavelet transform methods. The results from using air-particle acceleration signals were compared with results obtained from utilising sound pressure and vibration signals. These results showed that the performance from using air-particle acceleration signals were superior to the performance from using sound pressure signals. Results from the analysis of air-particle acceleration signals can clearly indicate the presence of a defective component in the test-bearing. This is so even when the overall background noise was 14dB higher than the overall noise level emitted by the test-bearing. Moreover, the sensitivity of the measurement of air-particle acceleration signal to indicate the presence of a defective bearing was similar to the sensitivity when using conventional vibration equipment. Applications of artificial neural networks were also included for automatic identification of defect signals. The multilayer perceptron network was chosen and tested to classify the bearing signals because of the suitability of this type of network to be used for pattern recognition. Finally, a new type of machine-component monitoring system using air-particle acceleration signal was successfully developed and tested in industry.
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Miskos, Jan. „Audit pohledávek“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-224781.
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The purpose of the thesis is to propose audit procedures to verify trade receivables at chosen business subject, draw a conclusion and to propose a solution for a given issue. The first part will be dedicated to general audit description including audit history, goal assessment, and clarification of the purpose of audit of financial statements. The second part will focus on practical execution of audit with emphasize on receivables, and provision on receivables. The results of audit procedures will be commented at the end of the thesis including a solution proposal.
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Talácková, Alena. „Nástroje a techniky auditorské práce - testy v externím auditu“. Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-76271.
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The thesis deals with the verification of selected internal processes and items in final accounts of the company Graziano Trasmissioni, Ltd. The theoretical basis of the thesis concerns problems with audit planning and performance. It provides an explanation of essential audit definitions, objectives and phases and a description of audit risks. It characterises methods which can be used for obtaining appropriate and sufficient audit evidence that is necessary for expressing the auditor's opinion about credibility of final accounts. The emphasis is on obtaining information with the assistance of control and substantive tests. In the practical part of the thesis, control tests are applied to a purchase and sales process. The test results should show whether the internal control mechanisms are effective or not. The substantive tests validate balances of accounts receivable and accounts payable. The specific objectives are tested and the results prove whether the account balances are misrepresented in the financial statements or not.
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Junák, Vladimír. „Audit účetní závěrky podniku“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-223296.
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The goal of the thesis “Audit of the financial statements in an enterprise” is to analyze methods specified by International Standards on Auditing and to apply these to a chosen enterprise. In the first part of this thesis I explain origins of an audit, I define it and clarify its elemental characteristics. The second part is dedicated to an explanation of individual audit phases and a specification of methods which are used to audit execution. In the concluding part, I apply knowledge gained in previous chapters to a practical verification of true and fair view of accounts payable of the chosen enterprise.
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Suiter, Wendy. „Text manipulation voice with audio or acoustic augmentation /“. Access electronically, 2007. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20080228.103431/index.html.
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Bridges, Sharon. „Duplicated laboratory tests : a hospital audit and evaluation of a computerized alert intervention“. Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2011. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4695.
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Laboratory testing is necessary when it contributes to the overall clinical management of the patient. Redundant testing, however, is often unnecessary and expensive and contributes to overall reductions in healthcare system efficiency. The purpose of this study is two-fold. First, to evaluate the frequency of ordering duplicate laboratory tests in hospitalized patients and the costs associated with this practice. Second, it was designed to determine if the use of a computerized alert or prompt will reduce the total number of unnecessarily duplicated Acute Hepatitis Profile (AHP) laboratory tests. Methods This two-phase study took place in an inpatient facility that was part of a large tertiary care hospital system in Florida. A retrospective descriptive design was used during Phase 1 was to evaluate six laboratory tests and the frequency of ordering duplicate laboratory tests in hospitalized patients and to determine the associated costs of this practice for a 12-month time period in 2010. A test was considered a duplicate or an unnecessarily repeated test if it followed a previous test of the same type during the patient*s length of stay in the hospital and one in which any change in their values likely would not be clinically significant. A quasi-experimental pre- and post-test design was used during phase 2 was to determine the proportion of duplication of the AHP test before and after the implementation of a computerized alert intervention implemented as part of a system quality improvement process on January 5th, 2011. Data were compared for two 3-month time periods, pre- and post-alert implementation. The AHP test was considered redundant if it followed a previous test of the same type within 15 days of the initial test being final and present in the medical record. Results In phase 1, including each of the six tests examined, there were a total amount of 53, 351 test ordered, with 10, 375 (19.4%) of these cancelled.
Out of the total amount of result final tests (n = 42,976), including each of the six tests examined, 4.6-8.7% were redundant. Results of the proportion of duplication of the six selected tests are as follows: AHP 196/2514 (7.8%), Antinuclear Antibody (ANA) 120/2594 (4.6%), B12/Folate level 396/5874 (6.7%), Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) 1893/21595 (8.7%), Ferritin 384/5171 (7.4%), and Iron/Total iron binding capacity (TIBC) 316/5155 (6.1%). The overall associated yearly cost of redundant testing of these six selected tests was an estimated $419, 218. The largest proportion of redundant tests was the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone level, costing a yearly estimated $300, 987. In Phase 2, prior to introduction of the alert, 674 AHP tests were performed. Of these, 53 (7.9%) were redundant. During the intervention period, 692 AHP tests were performed, of these 18 (2.6%) were redundant. The implementation of the computerized alert was shown to significantly reduce the proportion of AHP tests (Chi-Square: [chi]2 = df 1, p [less than or equal to] 0.001). The differences in the associated costs of duplicated AHP were $5238 dollars in 2010 as compared to $1746 in 2011 post-alert and these differences were significant (Mann Whitney U, Z = -4.04, p [less than or equal to]; 0.001). Conclusion Although the proportions of unnecessarily repeated diagnostic tests that were observed during Phase 1 of this study were small, the associated costs could adversely affect hospital revenue and overall healthcare efficiency. The implementation of the AHP computerized alert demonstrated a drop in the proportion of redundant AHP tests and subsequent associated cost savings. It is necessary to perform further research to evaluate computerized alerts on other tests with evidence-based test-specific time intervals, and to determine if such reductions post-implementation of AHP alerts are sustained over time.D.N.P.
Doctorate
Nursing
College of Nursing
Nursing Practice DNP
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Kovařík, Tomáš. „Řízení poslechových testů pro subjektivní hodnocení kvality audio signálu“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-219467.
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The point of this thesis was to perform listening tests. Appropriate methods of performance were selected for these tests, tests were carried out and the data were analyzed using statistical analysis. Then was compiled the resulting interval scale from results of the first test and in the second listening test were determined average values SNR for background noises.
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Långvik, Sara. „Influence of audio on perception and comprehension of video sequences : A SUBJECTIVE TEST OF PERCEPTION OF AUDIOVISUAL CONTENT WHERE AUDIO QUALITY WAS CHANGED“. Thesis, KTH, Skolan för datavetenskap och kommunikation (CSC), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-178978.
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Pereira, Laura Sant’Anna Gualda. „Learning about corruption: a statistical framework for working with audit reports“. reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/22982.
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Quantitative studies aiming to disentangle public corruption effects often emphasize the lack of objective information in this research area. The CGU Random Audits Anti-Corruption Program, based on extensive and unadvertised audits of transfers from the federal government to municipalities, emerged as a potential source to try to fill this gap. Reports generated by these audits describe corrupt and mismanagement practices in detail, but reading and coding them manually is laborious and requires specialized people to do it. We propose a statistical framework to guide the use of text data to construct objective indicators of corruption and use it in inferential models. It consists of two main steps. In the first one, we use machine learning methods for text classification to create an indicator of corruption based on irregularities from audit reports. In the second step, we use this indicator in a regression model, accounting for the measurement error carried from the first step. To validate this framework, we replicate an empirical strategy presented by Ferraz et al. (2012) to estimate effects of corruption in educational funds on primary school students’ outcomes, between 2006 and 2015. We achieved an expected accuracy of 92% on the binary classification of irregularities, and our results endorse Ferraz et al.. findings: students in municipal schools perform significantly worse on standardized tests in municipalities where was found corruption in education.
Estudos quantitativos em corrupção política enfatizam a falta de informações objetivas nessa área de pesquisa. O Programa de Fiscalização por Sorteios Públicos da CGU se baseia em auditorias não anunciadas das transferências do Governo Federal para municípios, e aparece como uma potencial solução para essa lacuna. Relatórios gerados durante essas auditorias descrevem com detalhe práticas de corrupção e de má gestão pública. No entanto, a análise manual desses relatórios é penosa e requer o conhecimento de especialistas. Nós propomos um framework estatístico para guiar o uso desses dados textuais na construção de indicadores objetivos de corrupção e em modelos de inferência. O framework consiste em duas etapas gerais. Na primeira, usamos métodos de aprendizagem de máquinas para classificação das irregularidades constatadas durante as auditorias. Na segunda etapa, construímos um indicador de corrupção baseado na classificação e o utilizamos em um modelo de regressão, ajustando pelo erro de medida derivado da primeira etapa. Para validar essa metodologia, nós replicamos a estratégia empírica apresentada por Ferraz et al. (2012) para estimar o efeito da corrupção em fundos educacionais nos resultados escolares de alunos do Ensino Fundamental, entre os anos de 2006-2015. Nós obtemos uma acurácia média de 92% na classificação binária de irregularidades, e nossos resultados corroboram com os encontrados em Ferraz et al.: estudantes de escolas municipais apresentam resultados significativamente piores em testes padronizados se estudam municípios com indícios de corrupção na área de educação
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Yang, Xiangui. „Effects of digital audio quality on students' performance in LAN delivered English listening comprehension tests“. Ohio : Ohio University, 2009. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1236796324.
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Edman, Christopher L. „The Effect of Tactile and Audio Feedback in Handheld Mobile Text Entry“. Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1472485035.
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Sacchi, Alessandro. „A motivation for text on RTP“. Thesis, KTH, Mikroelektronik och Informationsteknik, IMIT, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-92280.
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The focus of this thesis is on transferring data between mobile devices. It analyzes the resource consumption of using the Wireless LAN interface in some situations, and proposes and evaluates some new applications involving the transfer of voice and data files. Measurements show the high consumption of battery power due to the operation of a wireless network interface, even if it is not “actively” used to transfer data, while the memory consumption of the running applications is very limited. This thesis includes also an application to transfer files between two or more Pocket PCs: it is proposed as an addition to the VoIP application Minisip. Finally I have developed an application in order to explore the possibility to make a voice call by transferring real-time encoded text using UDP and/or RTP streams. This could be used together with speech-to-text and text-to-speech conversion applications at the end points to allow a “voice conversation” even on wireless links with very limited capacity, whereas a standard VoIP conversation would not be affordable.Fokus i detta examensarbete ligger på överföring av data mellan mobila enheter. Det analyserar resursutnyttjandet vid användande av Wireless LAN-anslutning i några situationer, samt brukar analysen för att föreslå och utvärdera ett antal nya applikationer för överföring av röstsamtal och filer. Mätningar visar den höga konsumtion av batterikraft som anslutning till ett trådlöst nätverk gränsnitt, även då det inte används "aktivt" för dataöverföring, medan de applikationer som använts här behöver bara mycket begränsad minneskapacitet. I detta examensarbete ingår även ett program för överföring av filer mellan två eller flera mobila apparater, föreslaget att ingå i Minisip, en VoIP applikation. Dessutom föreslås och utvärderas en applikation som undersöker möjligheterna att vid röstsamtal överföra realtidskodad text via RTP och/eller UDP stream. Använd tillsammans med en röst-till-text- och text-till-röstomvandling i ändpunkterna möjliggör denna genomförande av röstsamtal även då mycket begränsade trådlösa anslutningar nyttjas.
Exchange student from Pisa.
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Baudot, Matthias. „Investigation des corrélations existant entre la perception de qualité audio et les réactions physiologiques d'un auditeur“. Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2010. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1560.
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Les tests d'écoute subjectifs permettent d'évaluer la fiabilité de reproduction des systèmes de codage audio (codecs). Le projet présenté ici vise à évaluer la possibilité d'utiliser les réactions physiologiques (activité électrodermale, cardiaque, musculaire et cérébrale) à la place d'une note donnée par l'auditeur, afin de caractériser la performance d'un codec. Ceci permettrait d'avoir une méthode d'évaluation plus proche de la perception réelle de qualité audio du sujet. Des tests d'écoute mettant en oeuvre des dégradations audio bien connues en concours avec la mesure des réactions physiologiques ont été réalisés pour 4 auditeurs. L'analyse des résultats montre que certaines caractéristiques physiologiques permettent d'avoir une information fiable sur la qualité audio perçue, et ce de manière répétable pour près de 70% des signaux audio testés chez un sujet, et près de 60% des séquences audio testées chez tous les sujets. Ceci permet de postuler sur la faisabilité d'une telle méthode d'évaluation subjective des codecs audio.
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Suvorov, Ruslan S. „Context visuals in L2 listening tests the effectiveness of photographs and video vs. audio-only format /“. [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2008.
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Ferguson, Ralph. „Multimodal Literacy as a form of Communication : What is the state of the students at Dalarna University multimodal literacy?“ Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Ljud- och musikproduktion, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-16835.
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Literacy is an invaluable asset to have, and has allowed for communication, documentation and the spreading of ideas since the beginning of the written language. With technological advancements, and new possibilities to communicate, it is important to question the degree to which people’s abilities to utilise these new methods have developed in relation to these emerging technologies. The purpose of this bachelor’s thesis is to analyse the state of students’ at Dalarna University mulitimodal literacy, as well as their experience of multimodality in their education. This has led to the two main research questions: What is the state of the students at Dalarna University multimodal literacy? And: How have the students at Dalarna University experienced multimodality in education? The paper is based on a mixed-method study that incorporates both a quantitative and qualitative aspect to it. The main thrust of the research paper is, however, based on a quantitative study that was conducted online and emailed to students via their program coordinators. The scope of the research is in audio-visual modes, i.e. audio, video and images, while textual literacy is presumed and serves as an inspiration to the study. The purpose of the study is to analyse the state of the students’ multimodal literacy and their experience of multimodality in education. The study revealed that the students at Dalarna University have most skill in image editing, while not being very literate in audio or video editing. The students seem to have had mediocre experience creating meaning through multimodality both in private use and in their respective educational institutions. The study also reveals that students prefer learning by means of video (rather than text or audio), yet are not able to create meaning (communicate) through it.
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AUFDERHAAR, CAROLYN RACHEL. „THE INFLUENCE OF USING DISCOURSE ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES ON THE FILTERED SPEECH OF AUTHENTIC AUDIO TEXT TO IMPROVE PRONUNCIATION“. University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1100670010.
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Rajdl, Jan. „Vybrané způsoby substantivního testování a využití nástrojů statistiky v auditu“. Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-198421.
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Audit is an interdisciplinary activity which requires, nowadays more than ever in the past, knowledge and skills in the field of accounting and related financial knowledge, as well as from other non-financial sectors (such as the statistics or the information technology). The use of statistics in the audit may not be entirely obvious at first sight and thus the main aim of this thesis is to point out possible ways to apply statistical tools in substantive testing (which represents an important stage of the audit work). The most important use of statistics in the audit can be found in sampling methods. The range of a tested population may be too wide for testing the whole population that leads to the fact that it is necessary to select an audit sample appropriately. The thesis outlines what kind of method and technique of selection to choose and how to generalize the results obtained during the sample testing to the entire population. Besides the main aim in the form of the application of statistical tools in the audit, the thesis also focuses on a brief description of the audit history, polemic of current understanding of the term audit, professional organizations and regulations of the audit in the Czech Republic and description of individual stages of audit work (especially on a detailed analysis of a substantive testing).
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Cengarle, Giulio. „3D audio technologies : applications to sound capture, post-production and listener perception“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/101415.
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La llegada del sonido 3D está imponiendo cambios en varias etapas del flujo de trabajo, desde los sistemas de captación hasta las metodologías de postproducción y las configuraciones de altavoces. Esta tesis trata varios aspectos relacionados con el audio 3D: en la parte de captación, presentamos un estudio sobre las características de los micrófonos tetraédricos y una solución para obtener las componentes Ambisonics del segundo orden usando un pequeño número de transductores del primer orden; en la parte de producción, se presenta una aplicación para la mezcla automatizada de eventos deportivos, para reducir la complexidad del multicanal en tiempo real; para la restitución del audio independiente del sistema de altavoces, en el que los niveles de salida a los altavoces son una incógnita hasta la decodificación, se propone un detector de clipping independiente del layout. Finalmente, se presentan test psico-acústicos para validar aspectos perceptivos relacionados con el audio 3D.The advent of 3D audio is dictating changes in several stages of the audio work-flow, from recording systems and microphone configurations, to post-production methodologies and loudspeaker configurations. This thesis tackles aspects related to 3D audio arising in the various stages of production. In the recording part, we present a study on the accuracy of tetrahedral microphones and a solution for obtaining second-order Ambisonics responses from first-order transducers using a small number of sensors; in the production stage, we introduce an application for automated assisted mixing of sport events, to reduce the complexity of managing multiple audio channels in real time; a clipping detector is proposed for the rendering of layout-independent audio content to generic playback systems, where the signal levels sent to the speakers are unknown until the decoding stage; finally, psychoacoustic experiments are presented for the validation of perceptual and aesthetic aspects related to 3D audio.
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Keenan, Douglas E. (Douglas Earl). „The Effectiveness of a Personal Robot in Presenting a Sound/Filmstrip as Measured by a Robotic Technology Achievement Test“. Thesis, North Texas State University, 1986. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc798054/.
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The problem of this study was to compare the effects of two methods of filmstrip presentation on student achievement. One method employed a personal robot to automatically advance a filmstrip projector in sequence with an audio cassette tape while the other method had a person manually advancing a filmstrip projector in sequence with an audio cassette tape. These were the findings of the study: The pretested experimental and control subjects learned from the sound/filmstrip. The pretested experimental and control groups' mean posttest scores were significantly higher (p < .05) than their pretest mean scores. The experimental groups did not achieve significantly higher mean scores (p > .05) on a posttest, delayed retest, or module mean tests than the control groups. Using the findings of this study, the following conclusions were drawn. Students Learn from a sound/filmstrip on robotic technology whether it is presented by a human being or by a robot. A robot is a viable alternative to the human teacher in situations where the student-teacher interaction is limited.
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Dzhambazov, Georgi. „Knowledge-based probabilistic modeling for tracking lyrics in music audio signals“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/404681.
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This thesis proposes specific signal processing and machine learning methodologies for
automatically aligning the lyrics of a song to its corresponding audio recording. The research
carried out falls in the broader field of music information retrieval (MIR) and in this respect,
we aim at improving some existing state-of-the-art methodologies, by introducing
domain-specific knowledge.
The goal of this work is to devise models capable of tracking in the music audio signal the
sequential aspect of one particular element of lyrics - the phonemes. Music can be
understood as comprising different facets, one of which is lyrics. The models we build take
into account the complementary context that exists around lyrics, which is any musical facet
complementary to lyrics. The facets used in this thesis include the structure of the music
composition, structure of a melodic phrase, the structure of a metrical cycle. From this
perspective, we analyse not only the low-level acoustic characteristics, representing the
timbre of the phonemes, but also higher-level characteristics, in which the complementary
context manifests. We propose specific probabilistic models to represent how the transitions
between consecutive sung phonemes are conditioned by different facets of complementary
context.
The complementary context, which we address, unfolds in time according to principles that
are particular of a music tradition. To capture these, we created corpora and datasets for two
music traditions, which have a rich set of such principles: Ottoman Turkish makam and
Beijing opera. The datasets and the corpora comprise different data types: audio recordings,
music scores, and metadata. From this perspective, the proposed models can take
advantage both of the data and the music-domain knowledge of particular musical styles to
improve existing baseline approaches.
As a baseline, we choose a phonetic recognizer based on hidden Markov models (HMM): a
widely-used methodology for tracking phonemes both in singing and speech processing
problems. We present refinements in the typical steps of existing phonetic recognizer
approaches, tailored towards the characteristics of the studied music traditions. On top of the
refined baseline, we device probabilistic models, based on dynamic Bayesian networks
(DBN) that represent the relation of phoneme transitions to its complementary context. Two
separate models are built for two granularities of complementary context: the structure of a
melodic phrase (higher-level) and the structure of the metrical cycle (finer-level). In one
model we exploit the fact the syllable durations depend on their position within a melodic
phrase. Information about the melodic phrases is obtained from the score, as well as from
music-specific knowledge.Then in another model, we analyse how vocal note onsets,
estimated from audio recordings, influence the transitions between consecutive vowels and
consonants. We also propose how to detect the time positions of vocal note onsets in
melodic phrases by tracking simultaneously the positions in a metrical cycle (i.e. metrical
accents).
In order to evaluate the potential of the proposed models, we use the lyrics-to-audio
alignment as a concrete task. Each model improves the alignment accuracy, compared to
the baseline, which is based solely on the acoustics of the phonetic timbre. This validates
our hypothesis that knowledge of complementary context is an important stepping stone for
computationally tracking lyrics, especially in the challenging case of singing with instrumental
accompaniment.
The outcomes of this study are not only theoretic methodologies and data, but also specific
software tools that have been integrated into Dunya - a suite of tools, built in the context of
CompMusic, a project for advancing the computational analysis of the world's music. With
this application, we have also shown that the developed methodologies are useful not only
for tracking lyrics, but also for other use cases, such as enriched music listening and
appreciation, or for educational purposes.La tesi aquí presentada proposa metodologies d’aprenentatge automàtic i processament de senyal per alinear automàticament el text d’una cançó amb el seu corresponent enregistrament d’àudio. La recerca duta a terme s’engloba en l’ampli camp de l’extracció d’informació musical (Music Information Retrieval o MIR). Dins aquest context la tesi pretén millorar algunes de les metodologies d’última generació del camp introduint coneixement específic de l’àmbit. L’objectiu d’aquest treball és dissenyar models que siguin capaços de detectar en la senyal d’àudio l’aspecte seqüencial d’un element particular dels textos musicals; els fonemes. Podem entendre la música com la composició de diversos elements entre els quals podem trobar el text. Els models que construïm tenen en compte el context complementari del text. El context són tots aquells aspectes musicals que complementen el text, dels quals hem utilitzat en aquest tesi: la estructura de la composició musical, la estructura de les frases melòdiques i els accents rítmics. Des d’aquesta prespectiva analitzem no només les característiques acústiques de baix nivell, que representen el timbre musical dels fonemes, sinó també les característiques d’alt nivell en les quals es fa patent el context complementari. En aquest treball proposem models probabilístics específics que representen com les transicions entre fonemes consecutius de veu cantanda es veuen afectats per diversos aspectes del context complementari. El context complementari que tractem aquí es desenvolupa en el temps en funció de les característiques particulars de cada tradició musical. Per tal de modelar aquestes característiques hem creat corpus i conjunts de dades de dues tradicions musicals que presenten una gran riquesa en aquest aspectes; la música de l’opera de Beijing i la música makam turc-otomana. Les dades són de diversos tipus; enregistraments d’àudio, partitures musicals i metadades. Des d’aquesta prespectiva els models proposats poden aprofitar-se tant de les dades en si mateixes com del coneixement específic de la tradició musical per a millorar els resultats de referència actuals. Com a resultat de referència prenem un reconeixedor de fonemes basat en models ocults de Markov (Hidden Markov Models o HMM), una metodologia abastament emprada per a detectar fonemes tant en la veu cantada com en la parlada. Presentem millores en els processos comuns dels reconeixedors de fonemes actuals, ajustant-los a les característiques de les tradicions musicals estudiades. A més de millorar els resultats de referència també dissenyem models probabilistics basats en xarxes dinàmiques de Bayes (Dynamic Bayesian Networks o DBN) que respresenten la relació entre la transició dels fonemes i el context complementari. Hem creat dos models diferents per dos aspectes del context complementari; la estructura de la frase melòdica (alt nivell) i la estructura mètrica (nivell subtil). En un dels models explotem el fet que la duració de les síl·labes depén de la seva posició en la frase melòdica. Obtenim aquesta informació sobre les frases musical de la partitura i del coneixement específic de la tradició musical. En l’altre model analitzem com els atacs de les notes vocals, estimats directament dels enregistraments d’àudio, influencien les transicions entre vocals i consonants consecutives. A més també proposem com detectar les posicions temporals dels atacs de les notes en les frases melòdiques a base de localitzar simultàniament els accents en un cicle mètric musical. Per tal d’evaluar el potencial dels mètodes proposats utlitzem la tasca específica d’alineament de text amb àudio. Cada model proposat millora la precisió de l’alineament en comparació als resultats de referència, que es basen exclusivament en les característiques acústiques tímbriques dels fonemes. D’aquesta manera validem la nostra hipòtesi de que el coneixement del context complementari ajuda a la detecció automàtica de text musical, especialment en el cas de veu cantada amb acompanyament instrumental. Els resultats d’aquest treball no consisteixen només en metodologies teòriques i dades, sinó també en eines programàtiques específiques que han sigut integrades a Dunya, un paquet d’eines creat en el context del projecte de recerca CompMusic, l’objectiu del qual és promoure l’anàlisi computacional de les músiques del món. Gràcies a aquestes eines demostrem també que les metodologies desenvolupades es poden fer servir per a altres aplicacions en el context de la educació musical o la escolta musical enriquida.
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Miller, Andrew Jared. „A Hybrid Method for Auralizing Vibroacoustic Systems and Evaluating Audio Fidelity/Sound Quality Using Machine Learning“. BYU ScholarsArchive, 2021. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/8946.
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Two separate methods are presented to aid in the creation and evaluation of acoustic simulations. The first is a hybrid method that allows separate low and high-frequency acoustic responses to be combined into a single broadband response suitable for auralization. The process consists of four steps: 1) creating separate low-frequency and high-frequency responses of the system of interest, 2) interpolating between the two responses to get a single broadband magnitude response, 3) adding amplitude modulation to the high-frequency portion of the response, and 4) calculating approximate phase information. An experimental setup is used to validate the hybrid method. Listening tests are conducted to assess the realism of simulated auralizations compared to measurements. The listening tests confirm that the method is able to produce realistic auralizations, subject to a few limitations. The second method presented is a machine learning approach for predicting human perceptions of audio fidelity and sound quality. Several algorithms are compared and various audio features considered in developing the machine learning models. The developed models accurately predict human perceptions of audio fidelity and sound quality in three distinct applications: assessing the fidelity of compressed audio, evaluating the fidelity of simulated audio, and comparing the sound quality of loudspeakers. The high accuracies achieved confirm that machine learning models could potentially supplant listening tests, significantly decreasing the time required to assess audio quality or fidelity.
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Nagle, Arnault. „Enrichissement de la conférence audio en voix sur IP au travers de l'amélioration de la qualité et de la spatialisation sonore“. Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003525.
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Ce travail de thèse s'intéresse à la conférence audio en Voix sur IP et plus précisément à son enrichissement au travers de l'amélioration de la qualité (bande élargie et traitement d'amélioration) et de la spatialisation sonore. Cette évolution de la conférence audio sera examinée à la lumière des architectures centralisée et distribuée de la conférence sur IP standard. L'objectif est d'étudier des solutions en termes d'architecture intégrant la spatialisation et des extensions pour gérer et contrôler cette spatialisation. Il conviendra aussi d'effectuer les tests montrant les qualités audio et de spatialisation résultantes. Notre première contribution a été de proposer des architectures permettant d'allier la conférence audio en voix sur IP, les méthodes de spatialisation retenues, les terminaux ou pont de conférence ainsi que les traitements d'améliorations connus (annulation d'écho ou de bruit, etc.). Nous avons montré qu'il semblait difficile par exemple d'utiliser conjointement la spatialisation et la commutation de flux. Par contre la solution utilisant un pont mixeur ne présentait pas d'inconvénient pour inclure la spatialisation tout en conservant l'ensemble des traitements de qualité. Par cette configuration, nous garantissons en plus l'interopérabilité avec les réseaux voix existants. Les solutions distribuées sont tout autant réalisables dans la théorie mais pâtissent actuellement des limites des terminaux. Pour une interopérabilité avec les autres réseaux voix, il est en plus nécessaire d'avoir une entité de mixage pour créer un contenu monophonique. Par la suite, nous avons souligné les avantages et les inconvénients de l'utilisation de pont de conférence de type mixeur et de type répliquant pour proposer une solution de pont mixte. Cette solution fonctionne tantôt en mode répliquant, tantôt en mode mixeur suivant les capacités des terminaux. Par ailleurs, nous avons validé une méthode de réduction de la bande passante d'un pont répliquant vers un terminal, basée sur le masquage auditif. La seconde contribution de nos travaux consiste en de nouvelles solutions protocolaires adaptées à la gestion et au contrôle de la spatialisation. Nous avons donc défini les extensions nécessaires à la gestion et au transport du son spatialisé. Nous avons tout d'abord défini les spécifications permettant de commander un positionnement de locuteurs dans une conférence audio spatialisée. Nous avons cherché à présenter toutes les solutions possibles pour les gestions automatique ou manuelle. Dans le cas de la spatialisation sur un pont de conférence, nous avons ainsi souligné le fait que cette gestion ne pouvait se faire par l'intermédiaire du protocole SIP, car ce n'est pas le rôle de ce dernier de transporter dans ses messages des informations sur les contenus ou des commandes de spatialisation. Nous avons proposé une solution basée sur ce qui se fait dans les conférences audio standard : une solution de web-pilotage certes propriétaire à chaque fournisseur de services mais en cohérence avec la gestion des protocoles de Voix sur IP. Pour la conférence avec un pont mixeur, nous avons établi les paramètres du protocole de signalisation SIP nécessaires au transport de flux asymétriques tout en garantissant une interopérabilité avec les terminaux existants. La nécessité de transporter ces flux asymétriques est due à notre hypothèse de départ concernant l'équipement des terminaux : prise de son monophonique et restitution sur casque ou deux haut-parleurs. Notre troisième contribution s'exprime au travers d'une campagne de tests pour valider nos solutions en termes de qualité audio et de qualité de spatialisation. Ces tests nous ont amené à définir des nouveaux protocoles adaptés à ces architectures audio spatialisées. Nous justifions dans un premier temps nos choix de codeurs et dans un second temps nos choix de tests. Nous avons montré dans un premier temps que les codeurs n'étaient pas perçus de la même façon suivant que l'on écoute en écoute monaurale ou en écoute diotique. Il ressort de ces tests que les codeurs G.711 (PCM) et G.722 (ADPCM) sont les plus adaptés à la conférence audio centralisée avec une qualité jugée nettement supérieure aux codeurs CELP. Ces deux codeurs sont de plus de faible complexité, robustes au transcodage, à la perte de trames, au transport de contenu binaural et au transport de contenus multi-locuteur. Quant aux codeurs CELP, ils sont à utiliser uniquement lorsque les contraintes de débit sont fortes. Concernant la conférence audio distribuée wideband, les codeurs AMR-WB à 23.85 kbits/s, G.729.1 à 32 kbits/s et G.722 à 64 kbits/s semblent les plus adaptés quelle que soit la perte de trames. Ils ont une qualité jugée équivalente. En narrowband, les codeurs G.711, AMR à 12.2 kbits/s et G.729.1 à 12 kbits/s obtiennent les meilleures notes de qualité, quelle que soit la perte de trames. Au final, dans tous les cas distribués, le choix du codeur dépendra des contraintes de l'application suivant un compromis complexité/débit.
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Pereira, Fernanda Lucília Henriques. „Auditorias internas aos sistemas de segurança alimentar implementados em cantinas universitárias“. Bachelor's thesis, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/1558.
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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina VeterináriaAs cantinas universitárias servem refeições a algumas centenas de estudantes, advindo daí a preocupação acrescida com os níveis de segurança alimentar das refeições produzidas. A realização de auditorias internas permite fazer a avaliação do sistema de segurança alimentar implementado, com vista à identificação de falhas potenciais e introdução das correcções necessárias. Os objectivos deste trabalho foram avaliar se os sistemas de segurança alimentar implementados garantem a inocuidade dos alimentos, verificar se os requisitos da legislação vigente são aplicados nas cantinas universitárias e apontar as correcções necessárias ao sistema. Para tal, foi elaborada uma lista de verificação para apoiar a avaliação dos cinco estabelecimentos e procedeu-se à recolha de zaragatoas nas mãos das cozinheiras para a realização de análises microbiológicas e testes de detecção ATP por bioluminescência aos utensílios. Três cantinas obtiveram uma classificação aceitável (entre 81% e 83%) e duas cantinas obtiveram uma classificação satisfatória (superior a 85%). Os módulos que obtiveram mais requisitos não conformes foram: “instalações sanitárias e vestiários”, “armazenamento a baixas temperaturas” e “zona da distribuição”. As análises microbiológicas às mãos das cozinheiras revelaram que estas têm práticas adequadas de higiene: a contagem de microrganismos aeróbios mesófilos a 30 ºC variou entre 0 e 4,8x103 UFC/mão e a contagem de Enterobacteriaceae variou entre 0 e 3,0x10 UFC/mão. O mesmo não se verificou nas análises de detecção de ATP por bioluminescência, em que 40% das tigelas de sopa foram consideradas como tendo uma higienização insatisfatória.
ABSTRACT - Internal Audits for the Food Safety Systems Implemented in University Canteens - University canteens serve meals to hundreds of students, hence the increased concern with the food safety levels of the meals that are produced. Internal audits are performed to evaluate the implemented food safety systems, with a view to identifying potential errors and making the necessary corrections. The objectives of this study were to assess whether the implemented food safety systems ensures food safety, to verify if the requirements of current legislation are applied in university canteens and to make suggestion on the necessary adjustments to the system. To do this, a checklist was created for the evaluation of the five studied establishments, swabs of the hands of the cooks were collected to perform microbiological testing and tests to detect ATP bioluminescence on the tools were performed. Three canteens were rated acceptable (between 81% and 83%) and two canteens were rated satisfactory (above 85%). The modules in which were observed more non-compliant requirements were "toilets and dressing room", "storage at low temperatures" and "distribution area". The microbiological analysis of the hands of the cooks showed that they have a good personal hygiene: the count of mesophilic aerobic microorganisms at 30 °C ranged between 0 and 4.8 x103 CFU/hand and Enterobacteriaceae counts ranged between 0 and 3.0 x10 CFU/hand. The same was not true for the detection of ATP bioluminescence, in which 40% of the soup bowls were found to have a poor hygiene.
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Macmillan, Bonnie Jean. „The effects of two methods of picture-oriented instruction on the comprehension and recall of grades 8 and 11 social studies text“. Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/32285.
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Two non-traditional picture related methods of instruction were developed for this study: a picture-oriented method and an altered-pictures method. They were designed to determine whether either method was more effective than traditional content area instruction in helping students to remember and understand social studies text. In addition to the immediate effects on text comprehension and recall, the delayed effects of these two pictorial methods were examined. Also investigated were the effects of individual imagery ability and gender on a student's potential to profit from such methods. The teachers giving conventional instruction focused students' attention on the text passages only, although pictures did accompany the text. In the picture-oriented method of instruction teachers directed attention to both pictures and text, developing picture/text integration. Finally, teachers using the altered-pictures method of instruction discussed the meaning of mnemonically recodable elements which had been added to the pictures. In both the grade 8 and 11 samples the two experimental groups outperformed the conventional groups on measures of immediate and delayed recall. For the grade 8 sample, it was found that the altered-pictures method of instruction resulted in superior recall compared not only to that level of recall produced by the conventional method but also to that produced by the other experimental method (picture-oriented). In addition, when considering immediate with delayed performance two weeks after instruction, the grade 11 students who received the altered-pictures instruction outperformed the conventional group. For both grade samples, an additional finding was that males outperformed females in their overall recall (both immediate and delayed measures) regardless of imagery ability or type of instruction received. At both grade levels, no particular type of instruction was of benefit to one gender more than to the other, and students of high or low imagery ability were able to profit similarly from all forms of instruction.Education, Faculty of
Language and Literacy Education (LLED), Department of
Graduate
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Sigfridsson, Simon. „Is it possible to create an indistinguishable or equal frequency response between a digital equalizer and an analog emulating equalizer plug-in?“ Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Medier ljudteknik och upplevelseproduktion och teater, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-69129.
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This research examines if an indistinguishable, or equal, frequency response of a software plug-in that is emulating an analog equalizer can be reconstructed using a more standard digital equalizer such as one incorporated with a digital audio workstation (DAW). It is narrowed down to solely involve high frequency bands by analyzing the emulating plug-ins hi-shelving filters. A two-comparison forced choice ABX-test was conducted to verify the hypotheses and the results show that the difference between the original and the reconstructed hi-shelving filter was inaudible to the listening test participants. Further research and application for these findings is discussed