Thematische Bibliographien / Atmospheric application

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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Atmospheric application“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 25. Mai 2024

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Atmospheric application"

Shiina, Tatsuo. „LED Mini Lidar for Atmospheric Application“. Sensors 19, Nr. 3 (29.01.2019): 569. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19030569.

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The creation of a compact and easy-to-use atmospheric lidar has been the aim of researchers for a long time. Micro Pulse Lidars (MPL) and commercialized ceilometers were designed for such purposes. Laser Diodes (LD) and Diode-Pumped Solid State (DPSS) Laser technology has evolved, making lidar system more compact; however, their vulnerability to static electricity and fluctuation of electrical power prevented the growth of atmospheric lidar technology as a system suited to all kinds of users. In this study, a mini lidar with a Light Emitting Diode (LED) -based light source was designed and developed. As LED lamp modules do not need a heat sink or fan, they are resilient and can emit light for long periods with constant intensity. They also offer ease of handling for non-professionals. On the other hand, a LED lamp module has a large divergence, when compared to laser beams. A prototype LED mini lidar was thus developed, with focus on transmitting power optimization and optical design. This low-cost lidar system is not only compact, but also offers near-range measurement applications. It visualizes rapid activities of small air cells in a close range (surface atmosphere), and can verify and predict the condition of the surface atmosphere. This paper summarizes the principle, design, practical use and applications of the LED mini-lidar.

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Talu, Cigdem. „‘The Effect of London’: Urban Atmospheres and Alice Meynell’s London Impressions“. Emotions: History, Culture, Society 6, Nr. 1 (22.06.2022): 96–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2208522x-02010148.

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Abstract This essay examines urban atmospheres and emotions in the 1898 essay collection London Impressions by British writer, poet and suffragist Alice Meynell. I argue atmospheres are spatialised emotions and investigate the atmospheric dimension of Meynell’s text and her impressions, through a vocabulary of immersion and movement. Within her own manipulation of a ‘visual’ vocabulary, Meynell transforms impressions into atmospheres, the visual into sensorial, moving from the painterly to atmospheric experience, notably through the medium of fog and smoke and other climate indicators. I argue urban atmospheres are the main feature the text brings forth (even through – and perhaps especially because of – the filter of the written word). By probing the application of the history of emotions’ methodologies within architectural and urban history, I argue the concept of ‘atmosphere’ is a productive analytical category to examine visual and textual sources.

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Hu, Xiaoyan, Donghe Zhang, Yongqiang Hao und Zuo Xiao. „Application of Atmospheric Disturbances Monitor on Lithosphere-atmosphere-ionosphere Coupling“. Chinese Journal of Space Science 34, Nr. 3 (2014): 296. http://dx.doi.org/10.11728/cjss2014.03.296.

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Mazur, Andrzej, Jerzy Bartnicki und Jerzy Zwoździak. „Operational Model for Atmospheric Transport and Deposition of Air Pollution/ Operacyjny Model Atmosferycznego Transportu I Depozycji Zanieczyszczeń“. Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S 21, Nr. 3 (01.10.2014): 385–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eces-2014-0028.

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Abstract An assessment of the current state of natural environment affected by air pollution, as well as, forecasts of pro-ecologic, economic and social activities are very often performed using models for atmospheric transport and deposition of air pollutants. In the present paper, we present an operational dispersion model developed at the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management in Warsaw. The basic assumptions and principles of the model are described together with the operational domain and examples of model applications. Two examples of model application are described and discussed here. The first, application is a simulation of the atmospheric transport and deposition of the radioactive isotopes released into the atmosphere during the Chernobyl Accident in 1998. The second example is related to simulation of atmospheric transport of the tracer released into the air during the ETEX experiment. These two examples and previous applications of the model showed that presented dispersion model is fully operational, not only for long term applications, but especially for emergency situations, like nuclear accidents or volcanic eruptions affecting Polish territory

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Sun, Dongdong, und Haijing Zheng. „Simulation Study of Infrared Transmittance Under Different Atmospheric Conditions“. Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2356, Nr. 1 (01.10.2022): 012045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2356/1/012045.

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This article analyzes the atmospheric transmittance in the infrared band under different atmosphere conditions based on the MODTRAN software. Firstly, the atmospheric transmittance in the infrared band under two different atmospheric types, cold-dry and warm-wet, are calculated. Subsequently, the effect of H2O, CO2 and O3 molecules on the atmospheric transmittance in the infrared band are analyzed. Secondly, the differences in atmospheric transmittance at different altitudes (troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere) in the infrared band are calculated, and the effects of H2O, CO2 and O3, CH4 and N2 on atmospheric transmittance and their variation patterns are analyzed. Finally, the influence of different aerosol types on atmospheric transmittance is calculated and analyzed, mainly considering molecular scattering and five different types of aerosol scattering. Conclusion, i) The total atmospheric transmittance of cold-dry atmospheres is higher than that of warm-wet atmospheres. The main factors influencing the difference in atmospheric transmittance between the two are H2O and O3. ii) Atmospheric transmittance varies with altitude, with the most dramatic changes with altitude being in the troposphere and stratosphere. The factors that have a greater influence on the atmospheric transmittance in the troposphere are H2O and CO2; CO2, O3 and CH4 have great influence on stratospheric atmospheric transmittance; The atmospheric transmittance of the mesosphere has little change, almost 1. The fluctuation of its transmittance curve is mainly affected by O3; The atmospheric transmittance of thermosphere is almost 1; N2 has little effect on atmospheric transmittance. iii) The influence of molecular scattering on atmospheric transmittance is negligible, while aerosol scattering has a great influence on atmospheric transmittance; Aerosol scattering at 9 μm has the greatest influence on atmospheric transmittance. The research results of this paper have certain guiding significance for the design and performance evaluation of infrared systems under different application conditions.

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Kubyshkina, D., L. Fossati, N. V. Erkaev, C. P. Johnstone, P. E. Cubillos, K. G. Kislyakova, H. Lammer, M. Lendl und P. Odert. „Grid of upper atmosphere models for 1–40 M⊕ planets: application to CoRoT-7 b and HD 219134 b,c“. Astronomy & Astrophysics 619 (November 2018): A151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201833737.

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There is growing observational and theoretical evidence suggesting that atmospheric escape is a key driver of planetary evolution. Commonly, planetary evolution models employ simple analytic formulae (e.g. energy limited escape) that are often inaccurate, and more detailed physical models of atmospheric loss usually only give snapshots of an atmosphere’s structure and are difficult to use for evolutionary studies. To overcome this problem, we have upgraded and employed an existing upper atmosphere hydrodynamic code to produce a large grid of about 7000 models covering planets with masses 1–39 M⊕ with hydrogen-dominated atmospheres and orbiting late-type stars. The modelled planets have equilibrium temperatures ranging between 300 and 2000 K. For each considered stellar mass, we account for three different values of the high-energy stellar flux (i.e. low, moderate, and high activity). For each computed model, we derived the atmospheric temperature, number density, bulk velocity, X-ray and EUV (XUV) volume heating rates, and abundance of the considered species as a function of distance from the planetary centre. From these quantities, we estimate the positions of the maximum dissociation and ionisation, the mass-loss rate, and the effective radius of the XUV absorption. We show that our results are in good agreement with previously published studies employing similar codes. We further present an interpolation routine capable to extract the modelling output parameters for any planet lying within the grid boundaries. We used the grid to identify the connection between the system parameters and the resulting atmospheric properties. We finally applied the grid and the interpolation routine to estimate atmospheric evolutionary tracks for the close-in, high-density planets CoRoT-7 b and HD 219134 b,c. Assuming that the planets ever accreted primary, hydrogen-dominated atmospheres, we find that the three planets must have lost them within a few Myr.

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Zhen, Shaosong, Min Luo, Yang Shao, Diandou Xu und Lingling Ma. „Application of Stable Isotope Techniques in Tracing the Sources of Atmospheric NOX and Nitrate“. Processes 10, Nr. 12 (30.11.2022): 2549. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10122549.

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Nitrate is an important component of PM2.5, and its dry deposition and wet deposition can have an impact on ecosystems. Nitrate in the atmosphere is mainly transformed by nitrogen oxides (NOX = NO + NO2) through a number of photochemical processes. For effective management of the atmosphere’s environment, it is crucial to understand the sources of atmospheric NOX and the processes that produce atmospheric nitrate. The stable isotope method is an effective analytical method for exploring the sources of NO3− in the atmosphere. This study discusses the range and causes of δ15N data from various sources of NOX emissions, provides the concepts of stable isotope techniques applied to NOX traceability, and introduces the use of Bayesian mixture models for the investigation of NOX sources. The combined application of δ15N and δ18O to determine the pathways of nitrate formation is summarized, and the contribution of Δ17O to the atmospheric nitrate formation pathway and the progress of combining Δ17O simulations to reveal the atmospheric oxidation characteristics of different regions are discussed, respectively. This paper highlights the application results and development trend of stable isotope techniques in nitrate traceability, discusses the advantages and disadvantages of stable isotope techniques in atmospheric NOX traceability, and looks forward to its future application in atmospheric nitrate pollution. The research results could provide data support for regional air pollution control measures.

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Glushkov, A. V., A. А. Svinarenko, S. V. Ambrosov, Yu Ya Bunyakova, V. V. Buyadzhi und V. F. Mansarliysky. „The Earth angle moment balance, low-frequency atmospheric processes and radiowaveguides: ii. application of an advanced non-stationary theory for different forms of atmosphere circulation“. Ukrainian hydrometeorological journal, Nr. 16 (29.10.2017): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.31481/uhmj.16.2015.11.

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In the paper we present the results of application of a new advanced non-stationary theory of global mechanisms in atmospheric low-frequency processes, the balance of the angular momentum of the Earth, teleconnection effects and atmospheric radio waveguides, for the Pacific ocean region for different forms of the atmosphere circulation. The theory is realized and implemented into Microsystem Technology "GeoMath" and focused on the discovery and testing of new predictors for long-term and very long-forecasts of low-frequency atmospheric processes. The PC experiments have demonstrated an effectiveness of a new advanced theory in application to modeling balance of angular momentum, the atmospheric moisture turnover in relation to the genesis of tropospheric radio waveguides and succession processes of atmospheric circulation forms (teleconnection, front-genesis) in order to develop new practical sensors in long-term forecasting and modeling of low-frequency atmospheric processes. It is determined a link of tropospheric waveguide with atmospheric moisture circulation and, accordingly, with the shape of the atmospheric circulation over the position of the front sections of (atmospheric fronts as the main drives moisture). Atmospheric moisture cycle is linked with such typical low-frequency process as the angular momentum balance; the latter accounts violation of the atmosphere rotating balance with the Earth.

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Murschell, Trey, und Delphine K. Farmer. „Real-Time Measurement of Herbicides in the Atmosphere: A Case Study of MCPA and 2,4-D during Field Application“. Toxics 7, Nr. 3 (06.08.2019): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics7030040.

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Atmospheric sources of herbicides enable short- and long-range transport of these compounds to off-target areas but the concentrations and mechanisms are poorly understood due, in part, to the challenge of detecting these compounds in the atmosphere. We present chemical ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry as a sensitive, real-time technique to detect chlorinated phenoxy acid herbicides in the atmosphere, using measurements during and after application over a field at Colorado State University as a case study. Gas-phase 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) mixing ratios were greatest during application (up to 20 pptv), consistent with rapid volatilization from spray droplets. In contrast, atmospheric concentrations of 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) increased for several hours after the initial application, indicative of a slower source than 2,4-D. The maximum observed gas-phase MCPA was 60 pptv, consistent with a post-application volatilization source to the atmosphere. Exposure to applied pesticides in the gas-phase can thus occur both during and at least several hours after application. Spray droplet volatilization and direct volatilization from surfaces may both contribute pesticides to the atmosphere, enabling pesticide transport to off-target and remote regions.

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KOLTAY, E. „ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS: RESULTS AND PERSPECTIVES OF THE PIXE TECHNIQUE“. International Journal of PIXE 01, Nr. 02 (Juni 1990): 93–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129083590000098.

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Information on the elemental constituents of atmospheric aerosols is of basic importance in studying atmospheric processes for a detailed understanding of the physics and chemistry of the atmosphere. Environmental pollution and its impact can be tested in the same way, too. In the present review we survey the main research fields in aerosol analytics that can be investigated with the application of the PIXE method. The nature of emission sources, emission inventories, aerosol transport and its tracing, arctic aerosols and climatic influences are mentioned along with methodological features of the present-day PIXE technique and its combined applications with other tools of instrumental analytics.

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Dissertationen zum Thema "Atmospheric application"

Bowdalo, Dene. „Spectral analysis of atmospheric composition : application to surface ozone“. Thesis, University of York, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/15697/.

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This thesis describes the undertaking of multiple studies designed to evaluate and reduce global modelled surface O3 biases in CTMs/ESMs. Specific focus is placed on the evaluation of rural surface O3 seasonal variability in a global CTM (GEOS-Chem). A major observational data collation is undertaken, processing 1,033,463,750 measurements of O3 and some of its major precursors, from 16,996 sites, through a number of rigorous data quality checks, to ensure data is of a high enough quality for global model evaluation. Through a model–measurement comparison, applying spectral analysis, substantial seasonal biases of surface O3 in GEOS-Chem are found, with a general overestimation of the seasonal amplitudes in North America and Europe (by up to 16 ppbv), together with delayed phase maxima by 1–5 months. The main cause of these biases is found to be homogenous overestimates of summertime O3 in all observed areas, by a minimum of 10 ppbv. An extensive global sensitivity study is undertaken to evaluate the sensitivity of modelled surface O3 biases to alterations of anthropogenic emissions, biogenic emissions, and the O3 dry deposition flux. Constraining model biases jointly by O3, NO and CO observations yields regional optimal monthly scaling factors. Driving GEOS-Chem with these derived factors results in the modelled summertime overestimates of surface O3 being removed almost entirely, across all regions. The removal of this bias is dominantly controlled through increases to the summertime O3 dry deposition flux (by factors of 2–4), with modifications to this term providing the only viable pathway for substantial reduction of modelled summertime biases, in all evaluated regions. Surface O3 is found to be NOx sensitive in all regions, with scalings of VOC emissions generally not imparting significant change on O3. General modelled winter underestimates of surface O3 are able to be removed through reductions of NOx emissions.

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Lane, Joseph Robert, und n/a. „Application of electronic structure calculations to atmospheric trace species“. University of Otago. Department of Chemistry, 2008. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20080707.100923.

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The chemistry and dynamics of our atmosphere are complex and diverse. A plethora of different chemical reactions are thought to be important, of which only some are known, and even less are well understood. Many of these atmospheric reactions involve highly reactive or unstable trace species, which can be difficult to study experimentally. However, the advancement of computational methods and hardware now make it possible to investigate these chemical species theoretically to an accuracy that is useful for atmospheric chemistry. In this thesis, we have applied modern electronic structure methods to some prototypical hydrogen bonded complexes and sulfonic acid derivatives to better understand the roles of these trace species in the atmosphere. We have calculated fundamental and overtone vibrational spectra, electronic absorption spectra, and reaction energetics with high level ab initio methods. Where possible, we compare our calculated results to experiment and in the absence of experimental data we suggest that our theoretical findings may be of use to atmospheric modelers.

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Adress, Wameedh. „Physics and application of an atmospheric pressure plasma jet“. Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.669537.

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Atmospheric pressure plasma, APP, jets, are now attracting great interest because of their potential uses in many applications; for example surface modification and plasma medicine. These applications require an insight into their plasma chemistry, which is strongly influenced by the electron energy distribution function. In this work the dynamic behaviour of a 20 kHz-driven APP jet operating with helium as the main gas and oxygen as an additive is investigated. The jet has a commonly used configuration, a cylindrical quartz tube with two electrodes used to form a dielectric barrier discharge. This atmospheric pressure plasma jet was used to generate non thermal plasma bullets away from the production region. The characteristics of the plasma plume and streamer were diagnosed using, current-voltage measurements, ICCD imaging, and optical emission spectroscopy. Here, the use of Thomson scattering to measure the electron properties in the plasma plume created by 20 kHz was reported. The investigation reveals a "ring-like" radial distribution of both the electron density and temperature. A 532nm Nd:YAG laser beam was focused into the plasma plume. The temporally and spatially resolved spectra of light at 900 to the laser direction were detected. The spectra contain light from Thomson Scattering from electrons, along with Rayleigh and Raman scattering from atoms and molecules. The use of a atmospheric pressure helium non-thermal plasma jet to assist a SCR deNOx reaction over a silver-based catalyst at low temperature using simulated diesel fuels was explored. A coupled IR-plasma reactor was developed allowing direct interaction of the plasma with the catalyst bed whilst accommodating a FTIR spectrometer and NOx analyzer. Two KHz, quartz tube jet designs were developed to operate at low gas flows, one with a circular copper electrode but with a grounded electrode in the reaction area, and the other with a central powered electrode with the vessel as a ground. The catalyst was prepared by the impregnation of ?-AI203 with a silver nitrate solution. NOx and hydrocarbon conversions were studied with toluene and octane on an Ag-catalyst at two different temperatures.

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Capps, Shannon. „Advanced sensitivity analysis techniques for atmospheric chemistry models: development and application“. Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/51755.

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Trace gases and aerosols, or suspended liquid and solid material in the atmosphere, have significant climatological and societal impacts; consequently, accurate representation of their contribution to atmospheric composition is vital to predicting climate change and informing policy actions. Sensitivity analysis allows scientists and environmental decision makers alike to ascertain the role a specific component of the very complex system that is the atmosphere of the Earth. Anthropogenic and natural emissions of gases and aerosol are transported by winds and interact with sunlight, allowing significant transformation before these species reach the end of their atmospheric life on land or in water. The adjoint-based sensitivity method assesses the relative importance of each emissions source to selected results of interest, including aerosol and cloud droplet concentration. In this work, the adjoint of a comprehensive inorganic aerosol thermodynamic equilibrium model was produced to improve the representativeness of regional and global chemical transport modeling. Furthermore, a global chemical transport model adjoint equipped with the adjoint of a cloud droplet activation parameterization was used to explore the footprint of emissions contributing to current and potential future cloud droplet concentrations, which impact the radiative balance of the earth. In future work, these sensitivity relationships can be exploited in optimization frameworks for assimilation of observations of the system, such as satellite-based or in situ measurements of aerosol or precursor trace gas concentrations.

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Herek, Jennifer Lynn Zewail Ahmed H. Zewail Ahmed H. „Femtochemistry and reactive intermediates : application to atmospheric and organic chemistry /“. Diss., Pasadena, Calif. : California Institute of Technology, 1996. http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-04082008-084916.

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Kordova-Vyhnalikova, Jana. „Mathematical modelling of atmospheric pollution : application of some eulerian-lagrangian trajectographic models to the prediction of atmospheric pollution“. Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997STR13207.

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Ce memoire concerne la dispersion turbulente de particules lourdes au sein d'une couche limite turbulente. Pour ce faire, un modele eulerien d'ecoulement porteur a ete couple a une approche lagrangienne de trajectographie. La premiere etape dans l'etude du comportement dispersif de particules est de disposer d'une description suffisamment precise de l'ecoulement porteur. Le modele eulerien piapblm est concu pour simuler les ecoulements turbulents de type couche limite atmospherique. Ce modele a ete modifie pour decrire l'ecoulement de la couche limite classique. Il a ete complete par des relations algebriques deduites d'une fermeture au second ordre pour prendre en compte l'anisotropie du fluide porteur et pour decrire l'ecoulement de la sous-couche visqueuse et de la zone de tampon. La deuxieme etape de cette etude concerne le modele de trajectographie utilisant une approche statistique pour la prediction des caracteristiques de la phase dispersee. Les modifications apportees au modele concerne la simulation de la particule fluide en resolvant l'equation de langevin, la force de portance due au cisaillement, l'influence de la proximite de la paroi et les collisions particule-paroi. Le modele eulerien-lagrangien a ete valide en comparant ses resultats a ceux d'une experience recente realisee dans une soufflerie de type eiffel. Les profils simules de la vitesse moyenne du fluide sont en accord avec les profils experimentaux. On a observe l'influence de la facon de simuler la particule fluide (liee avec le probleme de la turbulence vue par la particule lourde) sur les profils de vitesse moyenne et des ecarts-types de la vitesse fluctuantes des particules lourdes. La comparaison avec une experience realisee en soufflerie est concluante. Avant son application a l'outil meteorologique, une etude atmospherique a ete effectuee en supposant la couche limite atmospherique dans les conditions de stratification stable.

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Potvin, Guy. „The application of RASS in urban boundary layer meteorology“. Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0019/NQ44556.pdf.

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Jackson, David Morris. „Calibration of millimeter-wave radiometers with application to clear-air remote sensing of the atmosphere“. Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/15786.

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Chen, Chuxing. „Local atmospheric electricity and its possible application in high-energy cosmic ray air shower detection“. Diss., The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184799.

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We have conducted an extensive experimental study on the subject of near ground atmospheric electricity. The main objective was to gain more understanding of this particular aspect of atmospheric phenomena, while testing the possible application to cosmic ray research. The results in atmospheric electricity show that there are certain patterns in ion grouping such as the size and lifetime. The average lifetime of ion group is 0.7 seconds and the average size is about 10 meters at our experimental site. Ultrahigh energy cosmic ray air showers should create sizable slow atmospheric electric pulses according to our theoretical calculations. Preliminary studies on air showers with total particle number N equal or greater than 10⁵ (10¹⁵ eV) have yielded strong evidence that slow atmospheric current pulses are associated with air showers. The theory and the experiment agree with each other fairly well when we average over large numbers of events. With our current experimental arrangement, when the air shower exceeds a certain size, the system response saturates. Therefore it is extremely desirable in future research that the counter array be designed for a much higher threshold level, since this prototype experiment indicates that interesting data would be obtained. Another reason for further experimental research being directed toward ultrahigh energy, e.g., N ≥ 10⁷ (10¹⁷ eV) and higher, is to establish a calibration of the slow atmospheric electric signals generated by cosmic rays as a function of primary cosmic ray energy and core location. This type of slow atmospheric electric signal, if fully understood and calibrated, offers a new and potentially less expensive technique to observe ultrahigh energy cosmic ray events, which hold some fundamental keys to the knowledge of the universe on a large scale.

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Breedt, Hendrik Johannes. „Atmospheric boundary layer stability and its application to computational fluid dynamics“. Diss., University of Pretoria, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/66234.

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In the wind resource and wind turbine suitability industry Computational Fluid Dynamics has gained widespread use to model the airflow at proposed wind farm locations. These models typically focus on the neutrally stratified surface layer and ignore physical process such as buoyancy and the Coriolis force. These physical processes are integral to the accurate description of the atmospheric boundary layer and reductions in uncertainties of turbine suitability and power production calculations can be achieved if these processes are included. The present work focuses on atmospheric flows in which atmospheric stability and the Coriolis force are included. The study uses Monin-Obukhov Similarity Theory to analyse time series data output from a proposed wind farm location to determine the prevalence and impact of stability at the location. The output provides the necessary site data required for the CFD model as well as stability-dependent wind profiles from measurements. The results show non-neutral stratification to be the dominant condition onsite with impactful windfield changes between stability conditions. The wind flows considered in this work are classified as high Reynolds number flows and are based on numerical solutions of the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes equations. A two-equation closure method for turbulence based on the k __ turbulence model is utilized. Modifications are introduced to standard CFD model equations to account for the impact of atmospheric stability and ground roughness effects. The modifications are introduced by User Defined Functions that describe the profiles, source terms and wall functions required for the ABL CFD model. Two MOST models and two wall-function methods are investigated. The modifications are successfully validated using the horizontal homogeneity test in which the modifications are proved to be in equilibrium by the model�s ability to maintain inlet profiles of velocity and turbulence in an empty domain. The ABL model is applied to the complex terrain of the proposed wind farm location used in the data analysis study. The inputs required for the stability modifications are generated using the available measured data. Mesoscale data are used to describe the inlet boundary conditions. The model is successfully validated by cross prediction of the stabilitydependent wind velocity profiles between the two onsite masts. The advantage of the developed model is the applicability into standard wind industry loading and power production calculations using outputs from typical onsite measurement campaigns. The model is tuning-free and the site-specific modifications are input directly into the developed User Defined Functions. In summary, the results show that the implemented modifications and developed methods are applicable and reproduce the main wind flow characteristics in neutral and non-neutral flows over complex wind farm terrains. In additions, the developed method reduce modelling uncertainties compared against models and measurements that neglect non-neutral stratification.
Dissertation (MEng)--University of Pretoria, 2018.
Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering
MEng
Unrestricted

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Bücher zum Thema "Atmospheric application"

Dieter, Ehhalt, Pearman G. I, Galbally I. E, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (Australia), Australia Bureau of Meteorology und Conference on the Scientific Application of Baseline Observations of Atmospheric Composition (1984 : CSIRO Division of Atmospheric Research), Hrsg. Scientific application of baseline observations of atmospheric composition (SABOAC). Dordrecht: D. Reidel Pub. Co., 1987.

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Kogoma, Masuhiro. Generation and application of atmospheric pressure plasmas. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 2011.

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Barnes, Ian, und Krzysztof J. Rudzinski, Hrsg. Environmental Simulation Chambers: Application to Atmospheric Chemical Processes. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-4232-9.

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I, Barnes, Rudzinski Krzysztof J und North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Public Diplomacy Division., Hrsg. Environmental simulation chambers: Application to atmospheric chemical processes. Dordrecht: Springer, 2006.

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Sven-Erik, Gryning, Chaumerliac Nadine, North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Committee on the Challenges of Modern Society. und NATO/CCMS International Technical Meeting on Air Pollution Modeling and its Application (22nd : 1996 : Clemont-Ferrand, France), Hrsg. Air pollution modeling and its application XII. New York: Plenum Press, 1998.

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Sven-Erik, Gryning, Schiermeier Francis A und NATO/CCMS International Technical Meeting on Air Pollution Modeling and Its Application (24th : 2000 : Boulder, Colo.), Hrsg. Air pollution modeling and its application XIV. New York: Kluwer Academic, 2001.

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Ehhalt, Dieter, Graeme Pearman und Ian Galbally, Hrsg. Scientific Application of Baseline Observations of Atmospheric Composition (SABOAC). Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3909-7.

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M, Valk, Hrsg. Atmospheric fluidized bed coal combustion: Research, development, and application. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1995.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., Hrsg. Parallelization and visual analysis of multidimensional fields: Application to ozone production, destruction and transport in three dimensions:annual progress report. Atlanta, Ga: College of Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1994.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., Hrsg. Parallelization and visual analysis of multidimensional fields: Application to ozone production, destruction, and transport in three dimensions : final report, grant no. NAGW-3886. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1997.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Atmospheric application"

Holzäpfel, Frank, und Thomas Gerz. „Aircraft Wake Vortices: From Fundamental Research to Operational Application“. In Atmospheric Physics, 219–37. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30183-4_14.

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Chen, Xiaodong, Faisal Hossain und Lai-Yung Leung. „Application of Numerical Atmospheric Models“. In Resilience of Large Water Management Infrastructure, 45–60. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-26432-1_4.

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Pitcairn, Carole E. R., Ian D. Leith, Netty van Dijk, Lucy J. Sheppard, Mark A. Sutton und David Fowler. „The Application of Transects to Assess the Effects of Ammonia on Woodland Groundflora“. In Atmospheric Ammonia, 59–69. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9121-6_5.

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Sisong, Zhou. „The Application of Avhrr Data to Estimating the Earth-Atmosphere Radiation Budget of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau“. In Atmospheric Radiation, 139–44. Boston, MA: American Meteorological Society, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-935704-18-8_23.

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W. Dean, Jr., Sheldon. „Chapter 10 | Atmospheric“. In Supplement to Corrosion Tests and Standards: Application and Interpretation, Second Edition, 153–67. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959: ASTM International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/mnl202ndsup20190006.

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Ancellet, G., J. Pelon und C. Flamant. „Airborne Lidar Application for Atmospheric Chemistry“. In Transport and Chemical Transformation in the Troposphere, 185–88. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56722-3_29.

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Barry, P. J. „Statistical Models of Atmospheric Dispersion“. In Air Pollution Modeling and Its Application V, 211–26. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9125-9_14.

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Carruthers, D. J., R. J. Holroyd, J. C. R. Hunt, W. S. Weng, A. G. Robins, D. D. Apsley, F. B. Smith, D. J. Thomson und B. Hudson. „UK Atmospheric Dispersion Modelling System“. In Air Pollution Modeling and Its Application IX, 15–28. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3052-7_2.

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De Causmaecker, Karen, Alexander Mangold und Andy W. Delcloo. „Wildfire Emissions and Atmospheric Dispersion“. In Air Pollution Modeling and its Application XXVIII, 145–50. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-12786-1_20.

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Yushkov, Vladimir. „Application of Fluorescence Methodfor Measurements of Water Vapour in the Atmosphere“. In Monitoring Atmospheric Water Vapour, 55–68. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3909-7_4.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Atmospheric application"

Korneyev, Vladimir, und Dmitriy Chesnokov. „Perspectives of micromirrors MOEMS application as spectrum analyzers“. In XXV International Symposium, Atmospheric and Ocean Optics, Atmospheric Physics, herausgegeben von Gennadii G. Matvienko und Oleg A. Romanovskii. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2540718.

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Loboda, E. L., M. V. Agafontsev, V. N. Fateev und V. V. Reyno. „Application of thermography in experimental studies of plasma jets“. In XXI International Symposium Atmospheric and Ocean Optics. Atmospheric Physics, herausgegeben von Oleg A. Romanovskii. SPIE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2205470.

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Karataeva, Ekaterina. „Application of the Lagrangian stochastic dispersion model for urban air pollution simulation“. In XXIX International Symposium "Atmospheric and Ocean Optics, Atmospheric Physics", herausgegeben von Oleg A. Romanovskii. SPIE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2691014.

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Ramesh, K., und S. Sridharan. „Lidar application to middle atmospheric dynamics“. In SPIE Asia-Pacific Remote Sensing, herausgegeben von Upendra N. Singh, Nobuo Sugimoto, Achuthan Jayaraman und Mullapudi V. R. Seshasai. SPIE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2223668.

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RIZZO, SALVO, und ANDREA RAPISARDA. „APPLICATION OF SUPERSTATISTICS TO ATMOSPHERIC TURBULENCE“. In Proceedings of the 31st Workshop of the International School of Solid State Physics. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812701558_0029.

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Kirillov, Nikolay S., und Ignatii V. Samokhvalov. „Application of an electro-optical shutter for strobing of lidar signals“. In 20th International Symposium on Atmospheric and Ocean Optics: Atmospheric Physics, herausgegeben von Oleg A. Romanovskii. SPIE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2074605.

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Glagolev, Vladimir V., und Anna M. Zubareva. „Application of vegetation indices in fire hazard forecasting from satellite images“. In 28th International Symposium on Atmospheric and Ocean Optics: Atmospheric Physics, herausgegeben von Oleg A. Romanovskii und Gennadii G. Matvienko. SPIE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2645062.

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Kaiyuan, Wu, He Kaifeng, Wang Qing und Qian Weiqi. „Unsteady Aerodynamics Modeling for Flight Dynamics Application“. In AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2010-8124.

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Zolotov, Sergei Y., und Alexander V. Buldakov. „Representation of meteorological data series for application in theoretical models“. In Ninth Joint International Symposium on Atmospheric and Ocean Optics/Atmospheric Physics, herausgegeben von Gennadii G. Matvienko und Vladimir P. Lukin. SPIE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.497331.

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Voronin, B. A. „Spectral linelist of HD16O molecule based on VTT calculations for atmospheric application“. In 20th International Symposium on Atmospheric and Ocean Optics: Atmospheric Physics, herausgegeben von Oleg A. Romanovskii. SPIE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2075249.

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Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Atmospheric application"

Robinson, J. M., B. F. Henson, K. R. Wilson, K. A. Prather und C. A. Noble. The characterization of atmospheric aerosols: Application to heterogeneous gas-particle reactions. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), Dezember 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/560751.

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Prusa, Joseph. COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: CONTINUOUS DYNAMIC GRID ADAPTATION IN A GLOBAL ATMOSPHERIC MODEL: APPLICATION AND REFINEMENT. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), Mai 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1043034.

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Gutowski, William J., Joseph M. Prusa und Piotr K. Smolarkiewicz. COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: CONTINUOUS DYNAMIC GRID ADAPTATION IN A GLOBAL ATMOSPHERIC MODEL: APPLICATION AND REFINEMENT. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), Mai 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1043077.

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Brady, Brian B., und L. R. Martin. Use of Surface Chemkin to Model Multiphase Atmospheric Chemistry: Application to Nitrogen Tetroxide Spills. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, März 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada376504.

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Hodgin, C., M. Brown-Strattan und R. Ladman. Program plan for the development, evaluation, and application of the Terrain-Responsive Atmospheric Code (TRAC). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), Oktober 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5436751.

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Johannesson, G., und D. Lucas. Detecting and Testing for Structural Error in Computer Models with Application to the Community Atmospheric Model. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), März 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1129137.

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Bradley, M. M., M. J. Leach, C. R. Molenkamp, C. H. Hall, L. Wilder und L. A. Neher. Simulating Fine-Scale Atmospheric Processes: A New Core Capability and its Application to Predicting Wildfire Behavior. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), Februar 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/15003838.

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Chen, Shuyi S., William M. Frank und John C. Wyngaard. Application of New Parameterizations for Atmospheric Boundary Layer and Oceanic Mixed Layer to Coupled Hurricane Modeling. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada629932.

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Pettit, Chris, und D. Wilson. A physics-informed neural network for sound propagation in the atmospheric boundary layer. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), Juni 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41034.

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We describe what we believe is the first effort to develop a physics-informed neural network (PINN) to predict sound propagation through the atmospheric boundary layer. PINN is a recent innovation in the application of deep learning to simulate physics. The motivation is to combine the strengths of data-driven models and physics models, thereby producing a regularized surrogate model using less data than a purely data-driven model. In a PINN, the data-driven loss function is augmented with penalty terms for deviations from the underlying physics, e.g., a governing equation or a boundary condition. Training data are obtained from Crank-Nicholson solutions of the parabolic equation with homogeneous ground impedance and Monin-Obukhov similarity theory for the effective sound speed in the moving atmosphere. Training data are random samples from an ensemble of solutions for combinations of parameters governing the impedance and the effective sound speed. PINN output is processed to produce realizations of transmission loss that look much like the Crank-Nicholson solutions. We describe the framework for implementing PINN for outdoor sound, and we outline practical matters related to network architecture, the size of the training set, the physics-informed loss function, and challenge of managing the spatial complexity of the complex pressure.

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William J. Gutowski und Piotr K. Smolarkiewicz Joseph M. Prusa. Scientific Final Report: COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: CONTINUOUS DYNAMIC GRID ADAPTATION IN A GLOBAL ATMOSPHERIC MODEL: APPLICATION AND REFINEMENT. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1038042.

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