Dissertationen zum Thema „Astrophysique – Instruments“
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Meilland, Anthony. „Évolution, géométrie et cinématique des enveloppes circumstellaires des étoiles chaudes : apport des instruments AMBER et MIDI“. Nice, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NICE4077.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleActive hot stars are surrounded by a dense gaseous and sometime dusty circumstellar environment responsible for the presence of IR-excess and emission lines in their spectra. Active hot stars are not an homogeneous group and all evolutionary status are represented among them: young stars (Herbig Ae/Be stars), near main sequence star (classical Be stars), and evolved stars (B[e] supergiants). In most cases the circumstellar matter originates from the stellar photosphere and a lot of hypothesis on the physical processes responsible for the ejection have been made: rapid rotation, radiative wind, non-radial pulsations, and magnetism. The study of these objects has been limited for a long time by the lack of angular resolution from photometric, spectroscopic, and polarimetric observations. High angular resolution observations are mandatory to determine without the use of ad-hoc models their geometry and kinematics. Consequently, interferometry is the most efficient technique to answer these questions. The first observations of active hot stars made with the VLTI and its MIDI and AMBER instruments are presented in this work. Physical parameters, geometry, and kinematics of three classical Be stars (alpha Arae, kappa CMa, and Achernar), one Herbig Ae/Be stars (MWC 297), and one B[e] supergiant (HD 62623) have been deduced from these observations bringing new insights in the physics of active hot stars. This work also presents Achernar circumstellar disk creation and dissipation, and a forthcoming study of delta Scorpii’s circumstellar environment evolution
Lagadec, Éric. „Apport des observations infrarouges pour l'étude de la perte de masse des étoiles évoluées“. Nice, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NICE4108.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRhouni, Amine. „Étude de fonctions électroniques en technologie ASIC pour instruments dédiés à l'étude des plasmas spatiaux“. Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00974808.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRousselle, Julien. „Développement d'une lentille de Laue pour l'astrophysique nucléaire“. Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00579538.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGuillemant, Stanislas. „Etude et Simulations des Phénomènes d'Interactions Satellite/Plasma et de leurs Impacts sur les Mesures de Plasmas Basses Energies“. Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00976017.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBlazit, Alain. „Comptage de photons bidimensionnel et applications astrophysiques“. Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37603068q.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSerrano, Paul. „Caliste-MM : a new spectro-polarimeter for soft X-ray astrophysics“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS594/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePerforming X-ray polarimetry of astrophysical sources could provide precious insight into the properties of the emitting objects, for example the geometry of pulsars accretion disks, magnetic field inside the core of supernovae remnants or measurement of black holes spin. These fundamental observations are today impossible due to the missing performance of X-ray polarimeters. The use of the photo-electric effect to perform spectro-polarimetry in the energy band of 1 keV to 15 keV appears to be like a much better approach than the use of Bragg diffraction or Thomson scattering. Performing polarimetry with the photo-electric effect relies on the measurement of the ejection direction of the photo-electron, which is modulated by the polarization direction of the incoming light. In order to reconstruct the photo-electron track, a detector allowing the photo electrons to recoil far enough is needed. Gaseous detectors are naturally perfect candidates. This PhD thesis focusses on the development and the characterization of a soft X-ray spectro- polarimeter of a completely new design : Caliste-MM. It consists of a gaseous detector called piggyback Micromegas associated with a miniature 3D readout electronics baptized Caliste. The main innovation of this detector comes from the fact that its readout electronics is located outside the gaseous medium. The charges created inside the piggyback diffuse in a resistive layer spread on a solid ceramic plate that closes the detector. The Caliste records the signal of the charges in the resistive layer through the ceramic and a small air layer by capacitive induction. The detector is composed of two completely independent parts : the piggyback where the X-ray conversion and amplification takes place, and the Caliste for the recording of the signal. These two parts can then be developed independently. Moreover the electronics are protected from sparks thanks to the resistive layer of the piggyback.The detailed characteristics of the detector are studied such as the shape of the events, the gain and the energy resolution. Analytical models are compared to the obtained results in order to explain the physical phenomena responsible for the topology of the recorded events. Different strategies to improve the reconstruction of the photo-electrons are explored including for example finer pitched readout electronics, low pressure and the use of lighter gases such as Neon or Helium. Finally, thanks to the measurements performed on the 100% linearly polarized beam of the Mtrologie line of the SOLEIL synchrotron facility, the modulation factor of the detector has been measured at different energies ranging from 6 keV to 12 keV. A measurement of the modulation factor of 92% at 8 keV proves the high potential of this new spectro-polarimeter and the interest into its innovative design
Barrière, Nicolas. „Développement d'une lentille de Laue pour l'astrophysique nucléaire“. Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00329925.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLes lentilles de Laue qui ont été étudiées focalisent les rayonnements de la bande des rayons gamma mous (100 keV – 1 MeV) par le biais de la diffraction de Bragg dans le volume de cristaux. La focale associée à une telle lentille est de l'ordre de 100 m, ce qui nécessite un vol en formation pour pouvoir réaliser un télescope spatial. L'avantage de ce concept est de concentrer les rayons gamma depuis une large surface de collection vers un détecteur de faible volume, augmentant ainsi le rapport signal sur bruit significativement par rapport aux instruments actuellement en vol, et donc permettant d'atteindre une sensibilité sans précédent dans cette bande d'énergie.
La faisabilité du concept ayant précédemment été démontrée par le projet CLAIRE, mon travail de thèse a consisté à faire évoluer ce premier prototype vers un concept de mission exploitable scientifiquement. Je me suis principalement attaché à deux aspects : D'une part, la modélisation de la lentille, avec le développement d'un code de simulation rapide (non Monte-Carlo) qui a par la suite été la base de nombreux outils d'optimisation du design et d'évaluation des performances en terme de surface efficace, champs de vue, et sensibilité.
L'autre partie de mon travail a consisté à trouver et caractériser des cristaux potentiellement intéressants pour la réalisation d'une lentille de Laue. Des cristaux de cuivre mosaïque, de germanium mosaïque, des alliages de silicium et germanium avec un gradient de concentration et des empilements de wafers de silicium et de germanium ont été mesurés sur différentes installations incluant le synchrotron européen de Grenoble (ESRF) ainsi que l'instrument GAMS 4 de l'ILL. Ces mesures m'ont permis de dresser l'état de l'art des cristaux actuellement disponibles et utilisables pour une lentille gamma.
Ces travaux ont été appliqués à la conception et l'évaluation des performances des missions MAX et Gamma Ray Imager respectivement proposées au CNES et à l'agence spatiale Européenne.
Feller, Clément. „Characterization of the physical properties of comet 67p/Churyumov-Gerasimenko's nucleus with the Osiris instrument of the Rosetta mission“. Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC043/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSmall bodies of the outer solar system, beyond Neptune, are in an environment that can preserve the base material from which they are formed. Hence the determination of the structure, aspect, and composition of objects such as comets yield vital informations about the formation and evolution processes they went through. Small bodies from the outer solar system have undergone weak thermal and collisionnal reprocessing, thus preserving vital clues on the history of the early solar system, which can constrain its properties. Hence the objective of the European Space Agency/ROSETTA mission was to perform the first in-depth study of a comet (67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko), following it inbound to and outbound from perihelion, observing it and monitoring the evolution of its activity during most of its orbit. This mission constituted the cornerstone of the study of small bodies of the solar system by ESA.The aim of this thesis has been to determine the photometric characteristics and the spectral properties, from the near-ultraviolet to the near-infrared, of the comet' surface using the images taken by the OSIRIS instrument. For this purpose, I developped an approach to prepare and analyse OSIRIS' datasets: I used and build on existing methods to register calibrated images to a 3D model of the comet, I created and used codes to compute the observational geometries and simulate OSIRIS images using the comet's and Rosetta's ephemerids, I implemented photometric models to determine the parameters required to fit the datasets.Using those tools, I analysed sets of images acquired by OSIRIS during three flyby maneuvers executed in August 2014, in February 2015 and in April 2016. On those three events, the surface was mapped at a meter and sub-meter resolution and also under multiple observing conditions. I also further analysed images taken throughout the mission to investigate particular surface features and signs of temporal evolution. In the description of the Hapke photometric model, the fitting of those dataset point to a nucleus with a very dark surface (4.2% albedo at 650 nm), scattering more light towards the source than the observer, with a high upper-surface porosity (over than 80%), and displaying a limited non-linear increase in reflectivity when source and observer are aligned over the comet' surface, most probably associated with the shadow-hiding phenomemon. Beyond the obvious bilobate nature of the cometary nucleus, the analyses of those images have shown that it present heterogeneities in morphology, colours and albedo of the comet' surface from the hundred of meters to the decimeter scale, confirming the trend noticed from other ROSETTA/OSIRIS and PHILAE/CIVA observations. In the wavelength domain between 250 nm and 1000 nm, the spectrum of the nucleus does not present any band features. The slope of the spectrum increases monotonously with the wavelength in a similar way to certain Centaurs and D-type asteroids. Three categories of surface were identified based on this spectral slope. Terrains and features with the largest slopes appear dusty and dessicated while those with small or flat slopes have associated with the presence of water-ice-rich material. The OSIRIS images have also allowed to measure for the first time the phase reddening effect on a cometary nucleus, that is the variation of the spectral slope with the viewing geometry. The two years of monitoring have also allowed to further determine that the phase reddening of the nucleus varies with the heliocentric distance, reaching its lowest value while the comet was close to perihelion. This result along with observations of diurnal colour variations and of freshly fractured cliffs point to the presence of a higher proportion of water-ice material at a mere distance under the nucleus surface
Mate, Sujay. „Développement d'un simulateur du ciel pour les instruments à grand champ de vue X-gamma en orbite terrestre basse : application à l'évaluation des performances du spectro-imageur SVOM-ECLAIRs“. Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021TOU30031.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) are the most luminous explosions in the universe. They are observed as bright flashes of gamma/X-rays (lasting a few milliseconds to a few tens of seconds) followed by an "afterglow" emission (usually at longer wavelengths). They are produced either due to the merger of two compact objects (a pair of neutron stars or a neutron star and a black hole) or due to the core collapse of a massive star (> 15 solar mass). GRBs are excellent candidates to study physics at extreme energies and densities. They also constitute important astrophysical tools to probe the history of the universe as they are observed at all epochs. The upcoming (June 2022) Sino-French mission SVOM (Space-based multi-band astronomical Variable Objects Monitor) aims to detect and study GRBs using dedicated space and ground based instruments to obtain multi-wavelength coverage. The primary instrument onboard SVOM spacecraft is ECLAIRs, a wide-field (~ 2 sr) coded-mask imager sensitive in the 4 - 150 keV energy range. ECLAIRs will detect and localise GRBs (and other high energy transients) in near real time using an onboard trigger. ECLAIRs will encounter a high and variable background due to the wide field-of-view (FoV) and the pointing strategy of SVOM which makes the Earth transit through the FoV. A new method (called Particle Interaction Recycling Approach or PIRA), based on Monte-Carlo simulations (GEANT4), was developed to estimate the variable background accurately and rapidly. The simulations of the background are complemented with simulations of X-ray sources and gamma-ray bursts to generate complete observation scenarios. The variable background of ECLAIRs poses challenges to detect GRBs and affects the sensitivity of the instrument. We use the simulated data to evaluate the performance of the onboard trigger, in particular, the impact of the variable background and its sensitivity to the GRB characteristics (duration, temporal profile, spectral shape,position in the FoV). ECLAIRs will send all detected photons to the ground. In addition, the availability of a larger computational power and the better knowledge of the context (e.g. background variations, sources in the FoV, etc.) on the ground motivates us to develop an "offline trigger" to overcome the challenges faced by the onboard trigger. An algorithm based on wavelet transforms is proposed to detect GRBs as part of the offline trigger. The work in this thesis, i.e. the development of PIRA, instrument's performance evaluation and development of a trigger method, provides a sound basis to build an effective offline trigger that will complement the onboard trigger and improve the overall performance of the SVOM mission
Alata, Romain. „Instrumentation pour l'astronomie et métrologie à l'aide de MOEMS“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0367.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMicro-opto-electro-mecanical systems (MOEMS) are primordial tools for future applications in several scientific fields as telecommunications or image display. Astronomy takes also advantage of their great adaptatbility thanks to the development of adaptative optics; a new spectro-imager called BATMAN has recently been develloped to be installed at Telescopio Nazionale Galileo (TNG) in the Canaries Islands. The control of the MOEMS allowing computerizing this processus has been the starting point of my work at the LAM.The main part of this manuscript deals with another application conceived thanks to the association of the characteristics of MOEMS and photosensitive materials developed at Politecnico di Milano (Italy). These materials can be put in two states differentiated by their transparency. The MOEMS, initially used to display images, allows controlling the dose of light projected on the photocrhomic plate which reacts by becoming more and more transparent. This process permit to record Computer Generated Holograms (CGHs) in grayscale which are used in optical metrology. Today, binary CGHs are used but our process allows to record amplitude quantified CGHs with a resolution of 13.68 µm and a precision better than 1% in term of transparency, even with a non homogeneous illumination beam. Comparative studies have shown advantages of quantified CGHs of Fresnel and Fourier families. Two new Fourier algorithms have been conceived thanks to use of the third dimension offered by the control of the transparency. They have been realized and tested succesfully, and have shown much better performances than the current binary coding, so called Lee algorithm
Nitoglia, Elisa. „Gravitational-wave data analysis for standard and non-standard sources of compact binary coalescences in the third LIGO-Virgo observing run“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 1, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LYO10143.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis PhD thesis presents a comprehensive investigation into the detection of gravitational wave signals from compact binary mergers, with a specific focus on the analysis of data from the third observing run of the LIGO-Virgo Collaboration. The manuscript begins by providing an introduction to the fundamental principles of the theory of General Relativity, including the prediction of the existence of gravitational waves and an overview of the astrophysical sources that generate these waves. It also provides a detailed description of interferometers, the instruments used in gravitational wave observatories, and their basic functioning. Subsequently, the manuscript focuses on advanced data analysis techniques developed to extract gravitational wave signals from the detector noise. Special attention is given to the Multi-Band Template Analysis (MBTA) pipeline, which the author actively contributes to as part of the MBTA team. The functioning and methodology of the MBTA pipeline are described in detail, highlighting its role in the detection and analysis of gravitational wave signals. The manuscript then proceeds to present the results obtained from the standard analysis conducted to search for signals originating from the coalescence of binary black holes, binary neutron stars, and black hole-neutron star binaries in the data collected during the third observing run. The analysis includes a comprehensive examination of the observed signals, their properties, and the astrophysical implications of the detected mergers. Additionally, the manuscript explores the latest advancements in the search for gravitational waves emitted by sub-solar mass binaries, which involve binary systems comprising at east one object with a mass below the threshold of the mass of the Sun, providing an in-depth investigation into the methodology and results of the sub-solar mass search during the third observing run. Through this comprehensive investigation, the manuscript aims at contributing to the advancement of gravitational wave astronomy, offering a comprehensive exploration of gravitational wave research, encompassing the main achievement of the third observing run in both standard and sub-solar mass searches
Renoud, Julie. „Etude expérimentale des interactions du vent solaire avec la molécule prébiotique d'hydantoine (C3N2O2H4)“. Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30225.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis presents the study of the interaction of solar wind components with the hydantoin molecule C3N2O2H4, thought to have played a role in the appearance of life on Earth. This prebiotic molecule was detected in several meteorite samples and is thus potentially present in cometary outgasing, where it interacs with solar wind composed of electrons and energetic ions. The physico-chemistry of hydantoin in interaction with 100 eV electrons, which are one of the major components of solar wind, was studied with the new experimental apparatus SWEET (Stellar Wind and Electrons interactions on astrophysical molecules - Experiment and Theory), which was set-up during this thesis in the LCAR (Laboratoire Collisions Agrégats Réactivité), within the Ion Matter Interaction team. This is a crossed-beam apparatus which enables the investigation of unique collisions between one neutral isolated molecule and one electron or ion. The coincident use of several spectrometries techniques (spectrometry of emitted and scattered electrons and ionic spectrometry by velocity map imaging and time of flight) enables the identification of ionic produced fragments, the characterisation of the fragmentation dynamics, the measurement of the energetic threshold for dissociation pathways, and the probe of molecular excited states. The results obtained on SWEET were extended to the study of the interaction of hydantoin with multi-charged minority ions of solar wind (He2+ at 8 keV and O6+ at 30 keV), studied during a measurement campaign on the COLIMACON set-up at the GANIL (Grand Accélérateur National d'Ions Lourds, Caen, France). Experimental results were completed by a quantum chemistry approach (DFT B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p)) to calculate the energy and geometry of the molecular systems as well as the dissociation potential barriers. As important results, the interaction between hydantoin and the solar wind components shows that the molecule easily fragments when multiply charged (q>+3) and the cycle opens when doubly charged, implying a high reactivity interesting within the framework of early Earth chemistry. The energetic thresholds for the major cation and dication fragmentations were measured and a theoretical reaction scheme was proposed, in accordance with the experimental measurments. The first results of the SWEET apparatus pave the way to quantitative measurements such as the absolute cross section of the observed relaxation processes, to complete the characterisation of the specific hydantoin - solar wind interaction
Huby, Elsa. „Caractérisation de systèmes binaires par imagerie haute dynamique non redondante fibrée“. Phd thesis, Observatoire de Paris, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00951542.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRiffard, Quentin. „Détection directionnelle de matière sombre non-baryonique avec MIMAC“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAY040/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleA large number of astrophysical and cosmological observations support the fact that the matter component of our Universe is mainly composed by dark matter.At the local scale, a static and dense dark matter halo should surround the Milky Way.The directional detection idea is to measure the direction of nuclear recoils produced by the interaction with dark matter particles.This detection strategy could highlight a correlation between the angular distribution of nuclear recoils and the relative motion of the solar system respect to the galactic halo.Such signature opens the possibility to discriminate such rare events with respect to neutron background allowing the positive direct detection of dark matter.In this context, MIMAC collaboration has developed a detector allowing the measurement of 3D nuclear recoil tracks.Since June 2012, a bi-chamber prototype is installed at the LSM to demonstrate the potential of this detector.This Ph.D. thesis presents a study of dark matter directional detection with the MIMAC detector including four different aspects.The first one consist in the characterization of the detector describing the energy calibration, the measurement of the quenching factor and the electron drift velocity and the electron/recoil discrimination.The second one focuses on the analysis of experimental data acquired at the LSM. This study shows, for the first time, the observation of low energy 3D nuclear recoil tracks from the radon progeny.The third one describes the neutron background simulation at the LSM with a neutron propagation model showingthe expected neutron event rate and the impact on exclusion limits.Finally, the fourth one is related to the study of the impact of squarks masse limits from LHC results on supersymmetric particles interaction with quarks
Daigle, Olivier. „Spectro-imagerie optique à faible flux et comparaison de la cinématique Hα et HI d'un échantillon de galaxies proches“. Aix-Marseille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX10141.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleA new EMCCD (Electron multiplying Charge Coupled Device) controller is presented. It allows the EMCCD to be used for photon counting by drastically taking down its dominating source of noise : the clock induced charges. A new EMCCD camera was built using this controller. It has been characterized in laboratory and tested at the observatoire du mont Mégantic. When compared to the previous generation of photon counting cameras based on intensifier tubes, this new camera renders the observation of the galaxies kinematics with an integral field spectrometer with a Fabry-Perot interferometer in Ha light much faster, and allows fainter galaxies to be observed. The integration time required to reach a given signal-to-noise ratio is about 4 times less than with the intensifier tubes. Many applications could benefit of such a camera: fast, faint flux photometry, high spectral and temporal resolution spectroscopy, earth-based diffraction limited imagery (lucky imaging), etc. Technically, the camera is dominated by the shot noise for flux higher than 0. 002 photon/pixel/image. The 21 cm emission line of the neutral hydrogen (HI) is often used to map the galaxies kinematics. The extent of the distribution of the neutral hydrogen in galaxies, which goes well beyond the optical disk, is one of the reasons this line is used so often. However, the spatial resolution of such observations is limited when compared to their optical equivalents. When comparing the HI data to higher resolution ones, some differences were simply attributed to the beam smearing of the HI caused by its lower resolution. The THINGS (The HI Nearby Galaxy Survey) project observed many galaxies of the SINGS (Spitzer Infrared Nearby Galaxies Survey) project. The kinematics of THINGS will be compared to the kinematic data of the galaxies obtained in Ha light. The comparison will try to determine whether the sole beam smearing is responsible of the differences observed. The results shows that intrinsic dissimilarities between the kinematical tracers used are responsible of some of the observed disagreements. The understanding of theses differences is of a high importance as the dark matter distribution, inferred from the rotation of the galaxies, is a test to some cosmological models
Brasiliano, Diego Augusto Paixao. „Etude et réalisation d'une ADR spatiale 4 K - 50 mK“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAY028/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHighly sensitive detectors required for astrophysics missions demand temperatures of about 50 mK to operate with the targeted sensitivity. This PhD work is dedicated on the research and development of Adiabatic Demagnetization Refrigerators (ADR) for space in the 4 K - 50 mK range. In particular, this cryocooler is required to be efficient with optimized mass.The key points of this work are the development of a method allowing the identification of highly efficient paramagnetic materials and the improvement of thermal heat switches. Among the material studied, YbGG (Yb3Ga5O12) was identified to have a great potential as a magnetic refrigerant in the 1.5 K - 0.4 K range, which was confirmed by its characterization. Transient thermal short circuits may appear on the gas-gap thermal switches under the working conditions of this cryocooler. This study allowed us to suppress or to considerably attenuate this effect. Finally, a cryocooler prototype consisting of 3 ADR stages was designed and built
Denis, Nicolas. „Contribution à l'étude de la dynamique solaire à large échelle à l'aide d'un spectromètre à résonance magnétique à cinq canaux : Développements instrumental et numérique“. Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30074.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDucrot, Marine. „Etude des cavités optiques de filtrage de sortie du détecteur d'ondes gravitationnelles Advanced Virgo“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAY046/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAbout 100 years after their prediction by Albert Einstein gravitational waves produced by the coalescence of two black holes were observed on the 14th of September 2015, opening the field of gravitational wave astronomy and a new way to study gravitation. The small amplitude of gravitational waves requires specific and very sensitive detectors. Advanced Virgo is a second generation kilometric interferometer dedicated to the detection of gravitational waves. A necessary element to reach the required sensitivity is the filtering optical system named the Output Mode Cleaner or OMC, placed at the output of the interferometer, and composed of two optical cavities. This thesis shows the study and characterization of this optical system. This work informed the selection of the two optical cavities actually installed in the Advanced Virgo detector. The filtering performances and impact of the OMC on the detector sensitivity are also described
Collet, Cédric. „Role of AGN feedback in galaxy evolution at high-redshift“. Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01061155.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleClapson, André-Claude. „Recherche de signaux impulsionnels sur le détecteur d'ondes gravitationnelles Virgo“. Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00085885.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLes sources astrophysiques attendues sont principalement les coalescences de systèmes binaires d'objets compacts et les supernovas gravitationnelles. Les amplitudes des signaux sont à la limite de la sensibilité de l'instrument, les taux d'événements observables sont faibles et les formes d'ondes mal connues, notamment pour les effondrements gravitationnels.
L'analyse des données repose sur la recherche de signaux de faible amplitude dans du bruit coloré. Dans ce contexte, ce travail propose l'utilisation de décompositions temps-fréquence des séries temporelles pour la détection de signaux courts. Les performances de cette approche sont estimées en simulation et comparées à celles d'autres méthodes de détection disponibles dans la communauté.
Une autre difficulté pour l'analyse est la présence de structures spectrales étroites dans la distribution d'énergie en fréquence des données. Elles proviennent de résonances mécaniques des miroirs et du système d'isolation sismique de l'instrument. L'utilisation de filtres de Kalman pour éliminer ces bruits bien modélisés avant l'analyse est présentée. Le problème essentiel
de l'estimation des paramètres du modèle est traité, avec l'objectif d'une réestimation dynamique.
Enfin ces outils sont appliqués aux données Virgo disponibles, avec comme résultat principal la mise en évidence de sources de bruits instrumentaux importantes, dont la suppression demandera une amélioration du fonctionnement et une meilleure isolation de l'environnement.
Chan, Jonathan. „Transmission spectroscopy of TRAPPIST-1d with the new Palomar/WIRC+Spec instrument : a Karhunen-Loève transform based approach to extracting spectrophotometry“. Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/24365.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe TRAPPIST-1 system provides an unprecedented opportunity to characterize the first potentially habitable planets outside our solar system. In this work we describe the development of a custom data reduction pipeline for the WIRC+Spec mode of the recently upgraded Wide Field Infrared Camera instrument on Palomar Observatory. We introduce a novel, Karhunen-Loève transform based approach to extract photometric and spectroscopic light curves from irregularly shaped sources, which we apply to observations of the TRAPPIST-1d exoplanet to measure the J band (1.1 to 1.4 µm) and Ks band (1.95 to 2.35 µm) transmission spectra. We also present a detailed guide into the implementation of a self-consistent, radiative-convective temperature structure calculation for efficient and accurate atmospheric modelling. Comparing a host of atmospheric scenarios to the observations of TRAPPIST-1d to date, we constrain its atmosphere, ruling out cloud-free atmospheres with metallicities lower than 300 times the solar value at 3σ confidence.