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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Astrophysique – Instruments“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Astrophysique – Instruments"
Cesarsky, C. J., R. A. Sunyaev, G. W. Clark, R. Giacconi, Vin-Yue Qu, E. E. Salpeter, P. A. Scheuer et al. „Commission N°48: High Energy Astrophysics (Astrophysique Des Hautes Energies)“. Transactions of the International Astronomical Union 20, Nr. 1 (1988): 671–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0251107x00007549.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMinier, V., und M. Rouzé. „Exploring science and technology through the Herschel space observatory“. Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 10, H16 (August 2012): 647. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s174392131401268x.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDissertationen zum Thema "Astrophysique – Instruments"
Meilland, Anthony. „Évolution, géométrie et cinématique des enveloppes circumstellaires des étoiles chaudes : apport des instruments AMBER et MIDI“. Nice, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NICE4077.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleActive hot stars are surrounded by a dense gaseous and sometime dusty circumstellar environment responsible for the presence of IR-excess and emission lines in their spectra. Active hot stars are not an homogeneous group and all evolutionary status are represented among them: young stars (Herbig Ae/Be stars), near main sequence star (classical Be stars), and evolved stars (B[e] supergiants). In most cases the circumstellar matter originates from the stellar photosphere and a lot of hypothesis on the physical processes responsible for the ejection have been made: rapid rotation, radiative wind, non-radial pulsations, and magnetism. The study of these objects has been limited for a long time by the lack of angular resolution from photometric, spectroscopic, and polarimetric observations. High angular resolution observations are mandatory to determine without the use of ad-hoc models their geometry and kinematics. Consequently, interferometry is the most efficient technique to answer these questions. The first observations of active hot stars made with the VLTI and its MIDI and AMBER instruments are presented in this work. Physical parameters, geometry, and kinematics of three classical Be stars (alpha Arae, kappa CMa, and Achernar), one Herbig Ae/Be stars (MWC 297), and one B[e] supergiant (HD 62623) have been deduced from these observations bringing new insights in the physics of active hot stars. This work also presents Achernar circumstellar disk creation and dissipation, and a forthcoming study of delta Scorpii’s circumstellar environment evolution
Lagadec, Éric. „Apport des observations infrarouges pour l'étude de la perte de masse des étoiles évoluées“. Nice, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NICE4108.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRhouni, Amine. „Étude de fonctions électroniques en technologie ASIC pour instruments dédiés à l'étude des plasmas spatiaux“. Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00974808.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRousselle, Julien. „Développement d'une lentille de Laue pour l'astrophysique nucléaire“. Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00579538.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGuillemant, Stanislas. „Etude et Simulations des Phénomènes d'Interactions Satellite/Plasma et de leurs Impacts sur les Mesures de Plasmas Basses Energies“. Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00976017.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBlazit, Alain. „Comptage de photons bidimensionnel et applications astrophysiques“. Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37603068q.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSerrano, Paul. „Caliste-MM : a new spectro-polarimeter for soft X-ray astrophysics“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS594/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePerforming X-ray polarimetry of astrophysical sources could provide precious insight into the properties of the emitting objects, for example the geometry of pulsars accretion disks, magnetic field inside the core of supernovae remnants or measurement of black holes spin. These fundamental observations are today impossible due to the missing performance of X-ray polarimeters. The use of the photo-electric effect to perform spectro-polarimetry in the energy band of 1 keV to 15 keV appears to be like a much better approach than the use of Bragg diffraction or Thomson scattering. Performing polarimetry with the photo-electric effect relies on the measurement of the ejection direction of the photo-electron, which is modulated by the polarization direction of the incoming light. In order to reconstruct the photo-electron track, a detector allowing the photo electrons to recoil far enough is needed. Gaseous detectors are naturally perfect candidates. This PhD thesis focusses on the development and the characterization of a soft X-ray spectro- polarimeter of a completely new design : Caliste-MM. It consists of a gaseous detector called piggyback Micromegas associated with a miniature 3D readout electronics baptized Caliste. The main innovation of this detector comes from the fact that its readout electronics is located outside the gaseous medium. The charges created inside the piggyback diffuse in a resistive layer spread on a solid ceramic plate that closes the detector. The Caliste records the signal of the charges in the resistive layer through the ceramic and a small air layer by capacitive induction. The detector is composed of two completely independent parts : the piggyback where the X-ray conversion and amplification takes place, and the Caliste for the recording of the signal. These two parts can then be developed independently. Moreover the electronics are protected from sparks thanks to the resistive layer of the piggyback.The detailed characteristics of the detector are studied such as the shape of the events, the gain and the energy resolution. Analytical models are compared to the obtained results in order to explain the physical phenomena responsible for the topology of the recorded events. Different strategies to improve the reconstruction of the photo-electrons are explored including for example finer pitched readout electronics, low pressure and the use of lighter gases such as Neon or Helium. Finally, thanks to the measurements performed on the 100% linearly polarized beam of the Mtrologie line of the SOLEIL synchrotron facility, the modulation factor of the detector has been measured at different energies ranging from 6 keV to 12 keV. A measurement of the modulation factor of 92% at 8 keV proves the high potential of this new spectro-polarimeter and the interest into its innovative design
Barrière, Nicolas. „Développement d'une lentille de Laue pour l'astrophysique nucléaire“. Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00329925.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLes lentilles de Laue qui ont été étudiées focalisent les rayonnements de la bande des rayons gamma mous (100 keV – 1 MeV) par le biais de la diffraction de Bragg dans le volume de cristaux. La focale associée à une telle lentille est de l'ordre de 100 m, ce qui nécessite un vol en formation pour pouvoir réaliser un télescope spatial. L'avantage de ce concept est de concentrer les rayons gamma depuis une large surface de collection vers un détecteur de faible volume, augmentant ainsi le rapport signal sur bruit significativement par rapport aux instruments actuellement en vol, et donc permettant d'atteindre une sensibilité sans précédent dans cette bande d'énergie.
La faisabilité du concept ayant précédemment été démontrée par le projet CLAIRE, mon travail de thèse a consisté à faire évoluer ce premier prototype vers un concept de mission exploitable scientifiquement. Je me suis principalement attaché à deux aspects : D'une part, la modélisation de la lentille, avec le développement d'un code de simulation rapide (non Monte-Carlo) qui a par la suite été la base de nombreux outils d'optimisation du design et d'évaluation des performances en terme de surface efficace, champs de vue, et sensibilité.
L'autre partie de mon travail a consisté à trouver et caractériser des cristaux potentiellement intéressants pour la réalisation d'une lentille de Laue. Des cristaux de cuivre mosaïque, de germanium mosaïque, des alliages de silicium et germanium avec un gradient de concentration et des empilements de wafers de silicium et de germanium ont été mesurés sur différentes installations incluant le synchrotron européen de Grenoble (ESRF) ainsi que l'instrument GAMS 4 de l'ILL. Ces mesures m'ont permis de dresser l'état de l'art des cristaux actuellement disponibles et utilisables pour une lentille gamma.
Ces travaux ont été appliqués à la conception et l'évaluation des performances des missions MAX et Gamma Ray Imager respectivement proposées au CNES et à l'agence spatiale Européenne.
Feller, Clément. „Characterization of the physical properties of comet 67p/Churyumov-Gerasimenko's nucleus with the Osiris instrument of the Rosetta mission“. Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC043/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSmall bodies of the outer solar system, beyond Neptune, are in an environment that can preserve the base material from which they are formed. Hence the determination of the structure, aspect, and composition of objects such as comets yield vital informations about the formation and evolution processes they went through. Small bodies from the outer solar system have undergone weak thermal and collisionnal reprocessing, thus preserving vital clues on the history of the early solar system, which can constrain its properties. Hence the objective of the European Space Agency/ROSETTA mission was to perform the first in-depth study of a comet (67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko), following it inbound to and outbound from perihelion, observing it and monitoring the evolution of its activity during most of its orbit. This mission constituted the cornerstone of the study of small bodies of the solar system by ESA.The aim of this thesis has been to determine the photometric characteristics and the spectral properties, from the near-ultraviolet to the near-infrared, of the comet' surface using the images taken by the OSIRIS instrument. For this purpose, I developped an approach to prepare and analyse OSIRIS' datasets: I used and build on existing methods to register calibrated images to a 3D model of the comet, I created and used codes to compute the observational geometries and simulate OSIRIS images using the comet's and Rosetta's ephemerids, I implemented photometric models to determine the parameters required to fit the datasets.Using those tools, I analysed sets of images acquired by OSIRIS during three flyby maneuvers executed in August 2014, in February 2015 and in April 2016. On those three events, the surface was mapped at a meter and sub-meter resolution and also under multiple observing conditions. I also further analysed images taken throughout the mission to investigate particular surface features and signs of temporal evolution. In the description of the Hapke photometric model, the fitting of those dataset point to a nucleus with a very dark surface (4.2% albedo at 650 nm), scattering more light towards the source than the observer, with a high upper-surface porosity (over than 80%), and displaying a limited non-linear increase in reflectivity when source and observer are aligned over the comet' surface, most probably associated with the shadow-hiding phenomemon. Beyond the obvious bilobate nature of the cometary nucleus, the analyses of those images have shown that it present heterogeneities in morphology, colours and albedo of the comet' surface from the hundred of meters to the decimeter scale, confirming the trend noticed from other ROSETTA/OSIRIS and PHILAE/CIVA observations. In the wavelength domain between 250 nm and 1000 nm, the spectrum of the nucleus does not present any band features. The slope of the spectrum increases monotonously with the wavelength in a similar way to certain Centaurs and D-type asteroids. Three categories of surface were identified based on this spectral slope. Terrains and features with the largest slopes appear dusty and dessicated while those with small or flat slopes have associated with the presence of water-ice-rich material. The OSIRIS images have also allowed to measure for the first time the phase reddening effect on a cometary nucleus, that is the variation of the spectral slope with the viewing geometry. The two years of monitoring have also allowed to further determine that the phase reddening of the nucleus varies with the heliocentric distance, reaching its lowest value while the comet was close to perihelion. This result along with observations of diurnal colour variations and of freshly fractured cliffs point to the presence of a higher proportion of water-ice material at a mere distance under the nucleus surface
Mate, Sujay. „Développement d'un simulateur du ciel pour les instruments à grand champ de vue X-gamma en orbite terrestre basse : application à l'évaluation des performances du spectro-imageur SVOM-ECLAIRs“. Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021TOU30031.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) are the most luminous explosions in the universe. They are observed as bright flashes of gamma/X-rays (lasting a few milliseconds to a few tens of seconds) followed by an "afterglow" emission (usually at longer wavelengths). They are produced either due to the merger of two compact objects (a pair of neutron stars or a neutron star and a black hole) or due to the core collapse of a massive star (> 15 solar mass). GRBs are excellent candidates to study physics at extreme energies and densities. They also constitute important astrophysical tools to probe the history of the universe as they are observed at all epochs. The upcoming (June 2022) Sino-French mission SVOM (Space-based multi-band astronomical Variable Objects Monitor) aims to detect and study GRBs using dedicated space and ground based instruments to obtain multi-wavelength coverage. The primary instrument onboard SVOM spacecraft is ECLAIRs, a wide-field (~ 2 sr) coded-mask imager sensitive in the 4 - 150 keV energy range. ECLAIRs will detect and localise GRBs (and other high energy transients) in near real time using an onboard trigger. ECLAIRs will encounter a high and variable background due to the wide field-of-view (FoV) and the pointing strategy of SVOM which makes the Earth transit through the FoV. A new method (called Particle Interaction Recycling Approach or PIRA), based on Monte-Carlo simulations (GEANT4), was developed to estimate the variable background accurately and rapidly. The simulations of the background are complemented with simulations of X-ray sources and gamma-ray bursts to generate complete observation scenarios. The variable background of ECLAIRs poses challenges to detect GRBs and affects the sensitivity of the instrument. We use the simulated data to evaluate the performance of the onboard trigger, in particular, the impact of the variable background and its sensitivity to the GRB characteristics (duration, temporal profile, spectral shape,position in the FoV). ECLAIRs will send all detected photons to the ground. In addition, the availability of a larger computational power and the better knowledge of the context (e.g. background variations, sources in the FoV, etc.) on the ground motivates us to develop an "offline trigger" to overcome the challenges faced by the onboard trigger. An algorithm based on wavelet transforms is proposed to detect GRBs as part of the offline trigger. The work in this thesis, i.e. the development of PIRA, instrument's performance evaluation and development of a trigger method, provides a sound basis to build an effective offline trigger that will complement the onboard trigger and improve the overall performance of the SVOM mission
Bücher zum Thema "Astrophysique – Instruments"
Léna, Pierre. Observational astrophysics. 2. Aufl. Berlin: Springer, 1998.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenObservational astrophysics. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1988.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenKitchin, C. R. Astrophysical techniques. 3. Aufl. Bristol: Institute of Physics Pub., 1998.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenKitchin, C. R. Astrophysical techniques. 5. Aufl. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2008.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenKitchin, C. R. Astrophysical techniques. 2. Aufl. Bristol [England]: IOP Pub., 1991.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenICFA School on Instrumentation in Elementary Particle Physics (7th 1997 León, México). Instrumentation in elementary particle physics: The VII ICFA School : Léon, México, July, 1997. Herausgegeben von Herrera Corral G und Sosa Aquino M. Woodbury, New York: AIP, 1998.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenKitchin, C. R. Astrophysical Techniques. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenKitchin, C. R. Astrophysical Techniques. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenKitchin, C. R. Astrophysical Techniques. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenAstrophysical Techniques. CRC Press, 2014.
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