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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema „Astronomical archives“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 30. Juni 2021

Zuletzt aktualisiert am 11. Februar 2022

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1

Hudec, René, und Lukáš Hudec. „US Astronomical Photographic Data Archives: Hidden Treasures and Importance for High-Energy Astrophysics“. Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings 1, Nr. 1 (05.12.2014): 316–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/app.2014.01.0316.

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We report here on an ongoing investigation of US astronomical plate archives and tests of the suitability of transportable scanning devices for in situ digitization of archival astronomical plates, with emphasis on application in high-energy astrophysics.

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Kurtz, M. J. „The Future of Memory: Archiving Astronomical Information“. Symposium - International Astronomical Union 161 (1994): 331–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900047604.

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The function of astronomers is to capture and create information and send it into the future. The vehicle for this transmission of knowledge is the archive. The digital revolution is quickly rendering our paper and glass archives obsolete; great challenges exist in creating archive systems for digital data. We can only meet these challenges by substantial shared effort.

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PASIAN, FABIO, und RICCARDO SMAREGLIA. „WWW ACCESS TO ASTRONOMICAL ARCHIVES AND DATABASES“. International Journal of Modern Physics C 05, Nr. 05 (Oktober 1994): 817–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183194000945.

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In this document, an approach to the development of WWW-accessible astronomical archives and databases is described, which can easily be extended also to other disciplines. The architecture is based on a set of servers running at the archive site, each performing a specialized task: accessing an SQL-based DBMS, retrieving and downlinking 1-D or 2-D data (measurements), displaying quicklook data, or plotting the results of a query to the database. All of the information on the user interface is dynamically stored in the database, allowing the pages to be prepared on-the-fly; no additional software needs to be run on the user’s computer. A WWW-accessible test astronomical archive, containing both 2-D (images) and 1-D (spectra) data, and having NCSA/Mosaic as an interface is described as an example of successful application of the above concepts.

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Chinnici, Ileana, Brenda G. Corbin, Suzanne V. Débarbat, Daniel W. E. Green, Lee Jung-Bok, Oscar T. Matsuura, Wayne Orchiston, Adam Perkins und Irakli A. Simonia. „DIVISION XII / COMMISSION 41 / WORKING GROUP ARCHIVES“. Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 4, T27A (Dezember 2008): 420–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921308025982.

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The Working Group Archives deals with all aspects of the identification and preservation of astronomical archives. In 2009 the IAU will celebrate its 90th anniversary, and on this occasion the WG is taking action toward preserving the archival materials related with the history of IAU. An institution must keep memory of its own past and, as the centenary of IAU is approaching, for the 2006-2009 triennium the WG Archives has started evaluating the archival collections related to the establishment of IAU, in order to check their extent and the current conditions of preservation and conservation of such documents.

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Hudec, R. „Astrophysics with digitized astronomical plate archives“. Astronomische Nachrichten 339, Nr. 5 (Juni 2018): 408–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/asna.201813515.

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6

Hudec, Rene. „Astronomical photographic data archives: Recent status“. Astronomische Nachrichten 340, Nr. 7 (August 2019): 690–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/asna.201913676.

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7

Hazen, Martha L. „Book Review: Exploring Plate Archives, Treasure-Hunting in Astronomical Plate Archives“. Journal for the History of Astronomy 33, Nr. 3 (August 2002): 303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002182860203300319.

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8

Hudec, Rene. „Astronomical Plate Archives and Binary Blazars Studies“. Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy 32, Nr. 1-2 (11.05.2011): 91–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12036-011-9010-y.

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9

Chevalkova, T. N. „Scientific archives of the Odessa Astronomical Observatory“. Vistas in Astronomy 39 (Januar 1995): 268. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0083-6656(95)91019-d.

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10

Griffin, R. E. M. „Through a Glass Darkly: The Status of Archiving Astronomical Spectra“. Highlights of Astronomy 10 (1995): 607–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1539299600012259.

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Astronomical research comprises a curious mixture of team work and individualism. From the hardware point of view data are ends in themselves, while from a strictly scientific aspect their acquisition is but the first stage in the complicated process of building astrophysical models. This dichotomy is reflected in a polarization of attitudes regarding the handling of observational data, and the activity of creating archives of astronomical data for use by posterity has consequently tended to fall in no-man’s-land. To the technology team, a telescope that can successfully deliver a data-bank full of raw observations has achieved its specification, while to the scientist who is under pressure to publish papers on fresh science, the concept of voluntarily creating public archives out of data originating from personal ideas may seem more than a little alien. Nevertheless, the formation of useable and efficient archives of astronomical observations is an activity that has taken on new meaning with the advent and monopoly of digital detectors; it is a procedure that builds bridges as well as access routes and it opens new global perspectives for astronomical data, but it still relies too heavily on individual initiatives.

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Hudec, René. „ASTRONOMICAL PLATE ARCHIVES AND SUPERMASSIVE BLACK HOLE BINARIES“. Acta Polytechnica 53, A (18.12.2013): 601–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/ap.2013.53.0601.

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The recent extensive digitisation of astronomical photographic plate archives, the development of new dedicated software and the use of powerful computers have for the first time enabled effective data mining in extensive plate databases, with wide applications in various fields of recent astrophysics. As an example, analyses of supermassive binary black holes (binary blazars) require very long time intervals (50 years and more), which cannot be provided by other data sources. Examples of data obtained from data mining in plate archives are presented and briefly discussed.

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Szalay, A. S., und R. J. Brunner. „Astronomical archives of the future: a Virtual Observatory“. Future Generation Computer Systems 16, Nr. 1 (November 1999): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-739x(99)00036-9.

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13

Gargano, Mauro, Antonella Gasperini, Luisa Schiavone und Francesca Brunetti. „Polvere di stelle The Italian platform for data-sharing and data-preserving of modern and ancient astronomical resources“. EPJ Web of Conferences 186 (2018): 07002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201818607002.

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Polvere di stelle (Stardust) is the web portal of the National Institute for Astrophysics(INAF) dedicated to the Italian astronomical libraries, archives and museums. It offers different tools and databases created to support astronomical research and increase the value of one of the richest astronomical heritages in the world. In a single virtual space one can find useful tools for sharing digital resources and other services for current research. Besides the OPAC, consisting of bibliographic data of ancientand modern books and serials, the portal offers to astronomers, scholars, students, amateur astronomers and historians of science the possibility to search at the same time other databases: manuscripts, instruments, archival documents and biographies of astronomers. Furthermore, a digital showcase of rare books plays a relevant role in the portal. This paper illustrates the ongoing developments and perspectives of Polvere di stelle.

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Helou, George. „Internet Resources for Astronomers Worldwide“. Transactions of the International Astronomical Union 24, Nr. 3 (2001): 276–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0251107x00000948.

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AbstractOn today’s Internet, resources for astronomical research abound, and are available from wherever a connection is available. These are mostly in the form of freely accessible databases, ranging from literature services to space-mission archives. They offer instant access to the latest published data and papers, and unique opportunities for archival and innovative research. A sampling of such services will be listed, with notes on accessibility from far-flung points on the planet.

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Marrese, P. M., S. Marinoni, M. Fabrizio und G. Altavilla. „Gaia Data Release 2“. Astronomy & Astrophysics 621 (Januar 2019): A144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201834142.

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Context. Although the Gaia catalogue on its own is a very powerful tool, it is the combination of this high-accuracy archive with other archives that will truly open up amazing possibilities for astronomical research. The advanced interoperation of archives is based on cross-matching, leaving the user with the feeling of working with one single data archive. The data retrieval should work not only across data archives but also across wavelength domains. The first step for a seamless access to the data is the computation of the cross-match between Gaia and external surveys. Aims. We describe the adopted algorithms and results of the pre-computed cross-match of the Gaia Data Release 2 (DR2) catalogue with dense surveys (Pan-STARRS1 DR1, 2MASS, SDSS DR9, GSC 2.3, URAT-1, allWISE, PPMXL, and APASS DR9) and sparse catalogues (HIPPARCOS2, Tycho-2, and RAVE 5). Methods. A new algorithm is developed specifically for sparse catalogues. Improvements and changes with respect to the algorithm adopted for DR1 are described in detail. Results. The outputs of the cross-match are part of the official Gaia DR2 catalogue. The global analysis of the cross-match results is also presented.

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Débarbat, S. „Astronomical Observations in Asia from Delisle’S Manuscript Preserved in the paris Observatory Library“. Highlights of Astronomy 11, Nr. 2 (1998): 744–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1539299600018670.

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Delisle, born in 1688 April 4, is well known as a collector of astronomical data from all over the world. Part of his manuscripts are preserved in the Paris Observatory Library. He is said to have collected all available astronomical data at the time he was in activity in France and in Russia where he spent more than twenty years. He had more correspondents and among them, in Asia, Father Gaubil, of which more than one hundred letters are in the Paris Observatory Archives, providing priceless informations to astronomical researchers, historians and others.

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Il-Seong, Nha, Clive L. N. Ruggles, Alexander A. Gurshtein, Rajesh K. Kochhar, David H. DeVorkin, Teije de Jong, Tsuko Nakamura, Wayne Orchiston, Antonio A. P. Videira und Brian Warner. „COMMISSION 41: HISTORY OF ASTRONOMY“. Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 4, T27A (Dezember 2008): 415–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921308025970.

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Commission 41 of the International Astronomical Union deals with all aspects of astronomical history and heritage from ancient sky knowledge to developments in modern astronomy that have occurred within living memory. It encourages and supports research in the history of astronomy and related fields such as archaeoastronomy and is also concerned with the identification, documentation and preservation of vital aspects of our astronomical heritage such as sites, artifacts, instruments and archives. Commission 41 is one of the largest Commissions in the Union, and is a member of Division XII on Union-Wide Activities.

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Gwyn, Stephen D. J., Norman Hill und JJ Kavelaars. „Solar System Object Image Search: A precovery search engine“. Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 10, S318 (August 2015): 270–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921315008704.

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AbstractWhile regular astronomical image archive searches can find images at a fixed location, they cannot find images of moving targets such as asteroids or comets. The Solar System Object Image Search (SSOIS) at the Canadian Astronomy Data Centre allows users to search for images of moving objects, allowing precoveries. SSOIS accepts as input either an object designation, a list of observations, a set of orbital elements, or a user-generated ephemeris for an object. It then searches for observations of that object over a range of dates. The user is then presented with a list of images containing that object from a variety of archives. Initially created to search the CFHT MegaCam archive, SSOIS has been extended to other telescopes including Gemini, Subaru/SuprimeCam, WISE, HST, the SDSS, AAT, the ING telescopes, the ESO telescopes, and the NOAO telescopes (KPNO/CTIO/WIYN), for a total of 24.5 million images. As the Pan-STARRS and Hyper Suprime-Cam archives become available, they will be incorporated as well. The SSOIS tool is located on the web at http://www.cadc-ccda.hia-iha.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/en/ssois/.

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Lombardi, Marco. „IEAD: A Novel One-Line Interface to Query Astronomical Science Archives“. Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific 124, Nr. 913 (März 2012): 254–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/665255.

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20

Peters, Geraldine J. „The Use of Virtual Observatory Databases in Binary Star Research“. Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 7, S282 (Juli 2011): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921311026846.

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AbstractThe rapidly-accumulating archives of ground-based and spacecraft data worldwide that are being linked together through the International Virtual Observatory Alliance (IVOA) provide the binary star community with unparalleled opportunities for research. The main databases that are available to the astronomical community through the IVOA are discussed. Data from long-lasting spacecraft missions such as IUE are especially valuable for studying long-term variability. Some examples of current research on close binary stars that is being carried through with UV spectra from the IUE archive are presented. Included are the search for O-subdwarf companions to bright Be stars and some results from an ongoing investigation of the Double Periodic Variable phenomenon in Algol binaries.

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Warren, Wayne H. „The use of machine-readable astronomical catalogs at small observatories“. Symposium - International Astronomical Union 118 (1986): 321–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900151691.

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The development of computer controlled telescopes at small observatories has dramatically increased the demand for and potential usefulness of astronomical catalogs in machine-readable form. The compilation and storage of catalogs containing program and standard stars are obvious necessities for the operation of an automatic telescope, but to date most observers have been collecting their own data and manually entering them into microcomputer disk storage. (This is clear from the small number of machine catalogs distributed by the ADC to smaller observatories.) Astronomical data centers located in several countries around the world currently archive, maintain and disseminate a wide variety of machine catalogs in virtually every discipline of astronomy, and these facilities can provide observers with nearly any kind of data needed for controlling telescopes (positional catalogs), reducing data (catalogs of all types of photometry, spectroscopy, etc.) and providing access to fundamental quantities needed for the interpretation of observations (catalogs of binaries, variables, radial and rotational velocities, etc.). The ADC presently has approximately 450 machine catalogs in its archives and these are available to observatories upon request. Procedures for obtaining data from the ADC and policies for distribution are described in this paper, while a list of all catalogs available can be obtained by contacting the ADC.

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Mickaelian, A. M., H. V. Abrahamyan, H. R. Andreasyan, N. M. Azatyan, S. V. Farmanyan, K. S. Gigoyan, M. V. Gyulzadyan et al. „BAO Plate Archive digitization, creation of electronic database and its scientific usage“. Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 11, A29A (August 2015): 130–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s174392131600260x.

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AbstractAstronomical plate archives created on the basis of numerous observations at many observatories are important part of the astronomical heritage. Byurakan Astrophysical Observatory (BAO) plate archive consists of 37,000 photographic plates and films, obtained at 2.6m telescope, 1m and 0.5m Schmidt telescopes and other smaller ones during 1947--1991. In 2002-2005, the famous Markarian Survey (First Byurakan Survey, FBS) 2000 plates were digitized and the Digitized FBS (DFBS) was created. New science projects have been conducted based on these low-dispersion spectroscopic material. In 2015, we have started a project on the whole BAO Plate Archive digitization, creation of electronic database and its scientific usage. The project will run during 3 years in 2015--2017 and the final result will be an electronic database and online interactive sky map to be used for further research projects.

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Viotti, Roberto. „Archiving and Distribution of Spectroscopic Data“. Highlights of Astronomy 9 (1992): 727–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1539299600010194.

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Spectroscopy is a fundamental tool for the investigation of physical conditions in astronomical objects. Up to the present a considerable amount of information has been collected, which could be of great help in research in all fields of Astrophysics. There is however the problem of safeguarding such material, to create ad hoc archives of raw and/or reduced spectral data, and to have homogenised means of documentation and of distribution of the material to the Astronomical Community. These problems were discussed by members of the IAU Commission 29, Stellar Spectra, during the 21st IAU General Assembly, and the results are herewith summarized.

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Prosser, Siân, und Sheila Kanani. „New audiences for old books: Using astronomy archives in school outreach activities“. EPJ Web of Conferences 186 (2018): 12010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201818612010.

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The Royal Astronomical Society promotes the study of astronomy and geophysics and has recently committed to increasing public engagement with new audiences. The librarian, Sian Prosser has worked with the outreach, education and diversity officer, Sheila Kanani, to put the scientific archives of the Society at the heart of a primary school workshop telling the story of Caroline Herschel.

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Querci, François R., und Monique Querci. „Search for and Protection of Astronomical Sites in Developing Countries“. Symposium - International Astronomical Union 196 (2001): 170–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900164058.

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The archives of meteorological satellites allow pre-selection of dry sites well adapted to astronomical observations (in the visible, infrared and millimetric ranges). The GSM (Grating Scale Monitor) technique then permits qualification of them as sites for future astronomical observatories. Such sites are found in new astronomical countries or in developing countries. At the same time, their protection from light pollution and/or radio interference has to be secured. In practice, once pre-selections are made, the governments of these countries ought to be alerted, for example by the IAU and/or the UN Office for Outer Space Affairs. The local site testing through GSM should be carried out in cooperation with scientists of these countries under the umbrella of the IAU. This could be an approach to help introduce astronomy and astrophysics into developing countries.

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Iafrate, Giulia. „VO for education and outreach“. Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 14, A30 (August 2018): 512–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921319005258.

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AbstractThe Virtual Observatory (VO) is an international astronomical community-based initiative. VO aims to allow global electronic access to the available astronomical data archives of space and ground-based observatories and other sky survey databases. VO for education is a project developed within the framework of the European Virtual Observatory (EuroVO) with the aim of diffusing VO data and software to the public, in particular students, teachers and astronomy enthusiasts. VO for education offers use cases, pedagogical units, and simplified professional software that will allow a taste of the emotion of scientific research even to those approaching astronomy for the first time or simply wishing to wander between stars.

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Harutyunian, Hayk, und Areg Mickaelian. „Modern facilities in astronomy education“. Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 2, SPS5 (August 2006): 263–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921307007119.

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AbstractAstronomical education is entering a new stage of development which is closely connected with the development of new technologies for communication, computing and data visualization. We discuss this evolution in the context of astronomy education in Armenia. As students spend only a short time in Byurakan Observatory for training in observations, they are not able to carry out systematic astronomical observations. Hence their training places emphasis on the use of astronomical archives and analysis of observational data obtained previously with the Byurakan telescopes and other ground-based and space telescopes. Thus, one of the aims of the Armenian Virtual Observatory is to support the training of students in this modern context.

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Zuo, Yongyan, Yunfang Cai, Yuanyong Liu, Xinan Tian und Jianmei An. „Multi-scale Oscillation Modes and Secular Trend Analysis of Astronomical Historic Archives“. International Journal of Applied Physics and Mathematics 9, Nr. 4 (2019): 189–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.17706/ijapm.2019.9.4.189-195.

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Barbieri, Cesare, Carlo Blanco, Beatrice Bucciarelli, Regina Coluzzi, Andrea Di Paola, Luciano Lanteri, Gian Luca Li Causi et al. „Digitization and Scientific Exploitation of the Italian and Vatican Astronomical Plate Archives“. Experimental Astronomy 15, Nr. 1 (2003): 29–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:expa.0000028168.26442.30.

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Wamsteker, W., und R. E. M. Griffin. „Astronomical archives and their importance for knowledge transfer in Basic Space Science“. Astrophysics and Space Science 228, Nr. 1-2 (Juni 1995): 385–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00984992.

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Gerbaldi, Michèle. „International Schools for Young Astronomers (ISYA): a programme of the International Astronomical Union“. Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 2, SPS5 (August 2006): 221–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921307007041.

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AbstractThis paper outlines the main features of the International Schools for Young Astronomers (ISYA), a programme developed by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) in 1967. The main goal of this programme is to support astronomy in developing countries by organizing a school lasting 3 weeks for students with typically a M.Sc. degree. The context in which the ISYA were developed has changed drastically over the past 10 years. We have moved from a time when access to any large telescope was difficult and mainly organized on a national basis, to the situation nowadays where data archives are established at the same time that any major telescope, ground-based or in space, is built, and these archives are accessible from everywhere. The concept of the virtual observatory reinforces this access. However, the rapid development of information and communications technologies and the increasing penetration of internet have not yet removed all barriers to data access. The role of the ISYA is addressed in this context.

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Yan, Yan, Zhan-Le Du, Hua-Ning Wang, Han He, Juan Guo, Xin Huang, Xiao-Shuai Zhu, Xing-Hua Dai und Gang-Hua Lin. „Decades of Chinese Solar and Geophysical Data“. Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 13, S340 (Februar 2018): 71–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921318001916.

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AbstractThe Chinese Solar and Geophysical Data (CSGD) was first issued at the Beijing Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences (now the headquarter of the National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences) in 1971, when China’s satellite-industry was booming. CSGD covers the observational data (observations of the sunspots, solar flares, solar radio bursts, ionospheric storm and geomagnetic storm) from a couple of domestic observatories and the forecast data. The compiler of CSGD still keeps the data exchange with other institutes worldwide. The type of the dataset includes texts, tables, figures and so on. Up to now, we have electronized all the historic archives, making them easily accessible to people who are interested in them.

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BENACCHIO, LEOPOLDO. „PERSPECTIVES ON THE USE OF WWW IN (ITALIAN) ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS“. International Journal of Modern Physics C 05, Nr. 05 (Oktober 1994): 795–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s012918319400091x.

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WWW, its interfaces and tools, can represent a big opportunity to solve some historical problems of the astronomers. After a description of the state of the Italian Astronomy and Astrophysics environment, with special emphasis to the network usage and to the development of two challenging new technology telescopes, some of the more important (for us) topics are discussed. Several of the major points described in this paper have been outlined and exposed by several authors during a recent Workshop devoted to the first experiments with WWW in the Italian Astronomical Observatories. The application to a very promising field, the astronomical archives, and its fall-out on the organization of the work in observational astronomy is finally discussed.

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McGlynn, T., K. Scollick und N. White. „Skyview: The Multi-Wavelength Sky on the Interne“. Symposium - International Astronomical Union 179 (1998): 465–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900129316.

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The SkyView virtual observatory provides a single, simple interface where users can retrieve images of the sky at all wavelengths from the radio through gamma rays. Below we discuss how SkyView works and how it represents a new paradigm in astronomical data archives. Users get to SkyView over the WorldWideWeb at http://skyview.gsfc.nasa.gov. Within a few moments they can have high-quality images from ground- or satellite-based surveys.

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Querci, François R. „Network of Oriental Robotic Telescopes“. Highlights of Astronomy 10 (1995): 677–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1539299600012557.

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We should like to report on the Network of Oriental Robotic Telescopes, otherwise the ORT network. Our objective is non-stop observations of variable stars by collaboration with other networks of automated photometric telescopes, complementary to the ORT network in longitude and latitude intervals, such as the GNAT in the U.S.A., the Chilean cordillera stations, the South African stations, etc. As a first step we will deal with photometric telescopes, then we will extend them to spectroscopy.From 12-year archives of meteorological satellites, it appeared that sites located around the north latitude from 15° to 35° and from 10° west to 110° east in longitude have high-quality astronomical conditions with a significant annual number of clear nights. Such sites involve Islamic countries from Morocco to the western deserts of China. In addition to their astronomical history, the Islamic countries are suitable because they have high mountains in semi-desert areas, i.e. a clear sky with low telluric absorption. The final site selection will be based upon local astronomical tests, such as seeing and scintillation measurements.

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Chapman, J. J. „Ambiguity, Scope, and Significance: Difficulties in Interpreting Celestial Phenomena in Chinese Records“. Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 14, A30 (August 2018): 152–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921319003958.

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AbstarctSeveral problems contribute to difficulties in interpreting transient celestial phenomena as described in Chinese records. Frameworks are an overarching problem. Tianwen, the modern Chinese term for astronomy, in pre-modern times included meteorological phenonemena and was concerned with omenology. Manuscripts that include star charts and comets but also meteorological phenomena and omen reading texts were routinely reframed in modern scholarship to appear as if they included only astronomical content. The scope of pre-modern tianwen, however, was broader than its modern sense. Pre-modern celestial phenomena had political and religious significance. Apparent ambiguity arises from the presence of both meteorological and astronomical phenomena in a single category and from features of the classical Chinese language. Accounting for these problems is essential for research into transient phenomena using historical archives.

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Walton, Nicholas A., Andrew Lawrence und Roy Williams. „Special Session 3 The Virtual Observatory in action: new science, new technology, and next generation facilities“. Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 2, Nr. 14 (August 2006): 577–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921307011763.

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The vision of the Virtual Observatory (VO) is to make access to astronomical databases as seamless and transparent as browsing the World Wide Web is today. It will federate the data flows from current and future facilities and large scale surveys, and the computational resources and new tools necessary to fully exploit them. This requires both technological developments and an international commitment to standardisation and working culture. Increasingly, it will alter the way that astronomers do science, and the way that future facilities and projects plan for their data management, and the scientific exploitation of their data. It will make an impact on a wide variety of astronomical topics, but especially those using very large databases, and those needing a multiwavelength approach, or more generally the use of multiple archives.

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Benn, Chris. „The La Palma Data Archive“. International Astronomical Union Colloquium 110 (1989): 139–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100003213.

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The Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos is perched atop a volcanic caldera on the island of La Palma in the Canary Islands, 400 km off the coast of North Africa. Three of the telescopes at the observatory are products of a collaboration between the UK, the Netherlands, Spain and the Republic of Ireland. They are the 1.0-m Jacobus Kapteyn Telescope, the 2.5-m Isaac Newton Telescope and the 4.2-m William Herschel Telescope (which saw first light in July 1987)1. The telescopes are computer controlled (running under ADAM software), and the observations are recorded primarily in electronic form. Recognising the success of astronomical-satellite data archives, such as that generated by the International Ultraviolet Explorer, a La Palma Data Archive has been established at the Royal Greenwich Observatory. The archive will be used by astronomers wishing to exploit data obtained by other observers, by engineers interested in the performance of telescope and instruments under varying conditions, and for monitoring the way in which the telescope is used.

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Yusof, N. H. M., M. R. Mahmud und M. H. Abdullah. „EFFECT OF LONG TERM TIDAL CONSTITUENTS ON MEAN SEA LEVEL TREND DURING EL-NINO AND LA-NINA PHENOMENA“. ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-4/W5 (10.10.2017): 225–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-w5-225-2017.

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There are many factors that influence the change of the tidal constituent pattern. The factors can be classified as astronomical factors and non- astronomical factors. The astronomical factors involve the gravitational force attraction by the moon and sun. The distance of sun and moon influence the gravitational attractions that are produced by the moon and sun towards earth surface. Non-astronomical factors involved the movements of currents, waves, temperature and so on which is cause by the phenomenon such as El-Nino, La-Nina. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of these phenomena towards the pattern of tidal constituent during the phenomenon on several stations that have been chosen. The difference stations were chose due to the change in the position of celestial body. In addition, tidal data for several stations were processed using the UTM Tidal Analysis and Prediction Software (μ-TAPS). Based on the tidal data that has been processed, the graphs were plotted for the predicted data and observed data to compare the different pattern between the data. The tidal data that has been processed were used to analyse the pattern of tidal constituents based on the changing amplitude of M<sub>2</sub>, S<sub>2</sub>, K<sub>1</sub>, O<sub>1</sub>, S<sub>a</sub>, S<sub>sa</sub>, Mm, Mf and MSf.

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Gerbaldi, Michèle, Jean-Pierre DeGreve und Edward Guinan. „International Schools for Young Astronomers Teaching for Astronomy Development: two programmes of the International Astronomical Union“. Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 5, S260 (Januar 2009): 642–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s174392131100295x.

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AbstractThis text outlines the main features of two educational programmes of the International Astronomical Union (IAU): the International Schools for Young Astronomers (ISYA) and the Teaching for Astronomy Development programme (TAD), developed since 1967.The main goal of the International Schools for Young Astronomers (ISYA) is to support astronomy (education and research) in developing countries in organizing a 3-week School for students with typically M.Sc. degrees.The context in which the ISYA were developed changed drastically during the last decade. From a time when access to large telescopes was difficult and mainly organized on a nation-basis, nowadays the archives of astronomical data have accumulated at the same time that many major telescope become accessible, and they are accessible from everywhere, the concept of virtual observatory reinforcing this access.A second programme of the IAU, Teaching for Astronomy Development (TAD), partially based on a School, but also of shorter duration (typically one week) has a complementary objective. It is dedicated to assist countries that have little or no astronomical activity, but that wish to enhance their astronomy education. The fast development of the TAD programme over the past years is emphasized.

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Warren, Wayne H., François Ochsenbein und Barry N. Rappaport. „The Machine-Readable Durchmusterungen: Classical Catalogs in Contemporary Form“. Symposium - International Astronomical Union 141 (1990): 479–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900087350.

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The entire series of Durchmusterung (DM) catalogs (Bonner, Southern, Córdoba, Cape Photographic) has been computerized through a collaborative effort among institutions and individuals in France and the United States of America. Complete verification of the data, both manually and by computer, the inclusion of all supplemental stars (represented by lower case letters), complete representation of all numerical data, and a consistent format for all catalogs, should make this collection of machine-readable data a valuable addition to digitized astronomical archives.

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Yasuda, Naoki. „Wide field optical surveys“. Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 2, Nr. 14 (August 2006): 608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921307012069.

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The products of optical wide-field survey are very valuable for their own purposes like the studies of large scale structure of galaxies, evolution of galaxies, Galactic structure and so on. At the same time optical view of sky will provide basic reference for the observation at other wavelength ranges. For this reason Palomar all sky survey has been used for various astronomical studies over 50 years. Now in the era of electronic devices, digital archives, and powerful computer systems, modern observation will replace the Palomar all sky survey.

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Abubakar, A. G., M. R. Mahmud, K. K. W. Tang, A. Hussaini und N. H. Md Yusuf. „A REVIEW OF MODELLING APPROACHES ON TIDAL ANALYSIS AND PREDICTION“. ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-4/W16 (01.10.2019): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-w16-23-2019.

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Abstract. Tide height depends on both long-term astronomical effects that are principally affected by the moon and sun and short-term meteorological effects caused by severe weather conditions which are very important tasks for human activities, safe marine navigation in shallow areas, oceans and coastal engineering work. Conventional tidal forecasting techniques are based on harmonic analysis, which is a superposition of many sinusoidal constituents with three parameters amplitudes, Phase and frequencies using the least squares method to determine the harmonic parameters. However, harmonic analysis required a large number of parameters and long-term tidal measured for precise tidal level predictions. Furthermore, what seems to stand out by the other researchers on traditional harmonic methods, was its limitation when short data are involved and rely on based on the analysis of astronomical components and they can be insufficient when the influence of non-astronomical components such as the weather, is important. Therefore, conventional harmonic analysis alone does not adequately predict the coastal water level variation, in order to deal with these situations and provide predictions with the desired accuracy, with respect to the length of the available tidal record, an alternative approach has been developed by various tidalist. In this study the state - of - art for tidal analysis and prediction techniques that have proven to be successful in a variety of circumstances have been reviewed in a systematic and consistent way for holistic understanding with a view to provide a reference for future work, showing their main mathematical concepts, model capabilities for tidal analysis and prediction with their limitations.

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Zanini, V., M. Gargano und A. Gasperini. „Italian Astronomers in the IAU: the contribution and role of Italian astronomers from the foundation to the Second World War“. Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 13, S349 (Dezember 2018): 248–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921319000383.

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AbstractEven though Italy officially joined the IAU in 1921, Italian astronomers were involved in its birth as early as 1919, when Annibale Riccò, Director of the Astrophysical Observatory of Catania, proposed to the IAU Committee to hold its first General Assembly in Rome. This contribution will analyze the role played by Italian astronomers in the development of the IAU from its foundation to the Second World War. The recent project of reordering of the astronomical historical archives in Italy permits for the first time a more in-depth study of the relations between Italian astronomers and the international scientific community.

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Sergeev, A., und T. Sergeeva. „FLAT-BED COMMERCIAL SCANNERS AS THE TOOL FOR THE CREATION OF VIRTUAL ARCHIVES OF ASTRONOMICAL PLATES“. Astronomical & Astrophysical Transactions 22, Nr. 4-5 (August 2003): 413–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1055679031000139406.

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Ściężor, Tomasz. „Overnight measurements of the sky brightness as a method for assessing the cloudiness“. Photonics Letters of Poland 11, Nr. 3 (30.09.2019): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v11i3.913.

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Determining the state of cloudiness at night is always a problem, especially at low levels of light pollution. This paper presents an innovative method of assessing the cloudiness of the night sky solely on the basis of all-night measurements of the brightness of the sky using generally available SQM meters. Using the numerical method of calculating the discrete derivative of the overnight brightness of the night sky from time it is possible not only to distinguish a cloudless sky from a cloudy one, but even to distinguish the high level clouds from medium and low level ones. Full Text: PDF ReferencesKyba C.C.M., Ruhtz T., Fischer J., Hölker F., Cloud Coverage Acts as an Amplifier for Ecological Light Pollution in Urban Ecosystems, PLoS ONE, vol. 6, no. 3, 2011, e17307. CrossRef Ściężor T., The impact of clouds on the brightness of the night sky, to be published in Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer, 2020 CrossRef Ściężor T., Kubala M., Kaszowski W., Light Pollution of the Mountain Areas in Poland, Archives of Environmental Protection, Vol.38, No.4, 2012, pp. 59-69. CrossRef Crawford D.L., Photometry: terminology and units in the lighting and astronomical sciences, The Observatory, vol. 117, 1997, pp. 14-18. DirectLink Ściężor T., Kubala M., Particulate matter as an amplifier for astronomical light pollution, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 444, no. 3, 2014, pp. 2487-2493. CrossRef

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Sergeeva, Tetyana P., und Aleksandre V. Sergeev. „Solar system bodies ‘Observations in the Past’ with the plate archive of the Main Astronomical Observatory of the Ukrainian National Academy of Sciences“. Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 2, Nr. 14 (August 2006): 615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921307012136.

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The improvement of the dynamical models of solar system bodies’ motions will be very useful for the future space astrometry mission Gaia for a fast identification of objects, to discriminate between the well-known objects and the new ones. ‘Observations in the Past’ with plate archives allow realising it.

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Seaman, Rob, Roy Williams, Matthew Graham und Tara Murphy. „Using the VO to Study the Time Domain“. Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 7, S285 (September 2011): 221–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921312000634.

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AbstractJust as the astronomical “Time Domain” is a catch-phrase for a diverse group of different science objectives involving time-varying phenomena in all astrophysical régimes from the solar system to cosmological scales, so the “Virtual Observatory” is a complex set of community-wide activities from archives to astroinformatics. This workshop touched on some aspects of adapting and developing those semantic and network technologies in order to address transient and time-domain research challenges. It discussed the VOEvent format for representing alerts and reports on celestial transient events, the SkyAlert and ATELstream facilities for distributing these alerts, and the IVOA time-series protocol and time-series tools provided by the VAO. Those tools and infrastructure are available today to address the real-world needs of astronomers.

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Lattis, James M., und Anthony J. Lattis. „American Astronomers in Belgium, 1919: Snapshots from the Founding of the IAU“. Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 13, S349 (Dezember 2018): 406–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s174392131900053x.

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AbstractThe USA delegation to the July 1919 International Research Council meeting in Brussels included Joel Stebbins, then professor of astronomy and observatory director at the University of Illinois, as secretary of the executive committee appointed by the National Research Council. Stebbins, an avid photographer, documented the travels of their party as the American astronomers attended the meeting and later toured devastated towns, scarred countryside, and battlefields only recently abandoned. Published reports of the meeting afterward attest to the impression left on the American visitors, and the photographs by Stebbins give us a glimpse through their own eyes. Selected photographs, recently discovered in the University of Wisconsin Archives and never before publicly seen, will be presented along with some commentary on their significance for the International Astronomical Union, which took shape at that 1919 meeting.

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Noll, S., W. Kausch, S. Kimeswenger, S. Unterguggenberger und A. M. Jones. „OH populations and temperatures from simultaneous spectroscopic observations of 25 bands“. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 14, Nr. 23 (23.12.2014): 32979–3043. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-14-32979-2014.

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Abstract. OH rotational temperatures are widely used to derive mesopause temperatures and their variations. Since most data sets are only based on a fixed set of lines of a single band, it is important to know possible systematic uncertainties related to the choice of lines. Therefore, a comprehensive study of as many as possible OH bands is desirable. For this purpose, astronomical echelle spectrographs at large telescopes are the most suitable instruments. They offer a wide wavelength coverage, relatively high spectral resolution, and high sensitivity. Moreover, since each ground-based astronomical observation has an imprint of the Earth's atmosphere, the data archives of large astronomical facilities are a treasure for atmospheric studies. For our project, we used archival data of the medium-resolution X-shooter echelle spectrograph operated by the European Southern Observatory at Cerro Paranal in Chile. The instrument can simultaneously observe all OH bands that are accessible from ground. We reduced and analysed a set of 343 high-quality spectra taken between 2009 and 2013 to measure OH line intensities and to derive rotational and vibrational temperatures of 25 bands from OH(8-2) to OH(9-7). We studied the influence of the selected line set, OH band, upper vibrational level v′, and the molecular data on the derived level populations and temperatures. The rotational temperature results indicate differences by several degrees depending on the selection. There is a discrepancy for bands of even and odd v′, which increases with v′. A study of the temporal variations revealed that the v′ from to 2 to 9 show a clear trend in the change of the variability pattern. In particular, the spread of temperatures tends to increase during the night, and the time of the minimum temperature depends on v′. The vibrational temperatures depend on the range of v′ used for their determination, since the higher vibrational levels from 7 to 9 seem to be overpopulated compared to the lower levels. The vibrational temperature tends to increase during the night, while the intensity decreases. Our results support the assumption that the OH emission altitude depends on v′. Moreover, the emission layer appears to rise in the course of the night, which makes the OH thermalisation less efficient. The derived rotational temperatures and their change with v′ seem to be significantly affected by non-equilibrium populations.

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