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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Assessing requests"
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Bhambra, Nishaant, Morgan Spencer Gold, Darya Naumova, Kenzy Abdelhamid, David Lessard und Bertrand Lebouché. „Assessing needs for linguistic interpretation in hospital settings: A retrospective analysis of ad hoc interpreter requests“. Journal of Medicine Access 6 (Januar 2022): 275508342211052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/27550834221105215.
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Background: In Canada, healthcare professionals often rely on ad hoc interpreters, who are untrained volunteers recruited via intercom hospital announcements to interpret for patients with language barriers. This study analyzed the frequency of ad hoc interpreter requests via intercom announcements to estimate hospital interpretation needs. Methods: A retrospective cohort analysis from intercom requests for medical interpretation collected from five hospitals of the McGill University Health Center. Requests included date, time, language requested, hospital location, and extension for who placed the request. Results: A total of 1265 intercom requests were placed for 48 languages, with the top five languages being Mandarin (17.8%), Punjabi (10.1%), Inuktitut (9.8%), Arabic (7.3%), and Cantonese (6.4%). Almost 69.8% of requests were made during working hours, 13.2% on workday evenings, and 14.8% on weekends. Requests came from urgent care (42.3%), outpatient (29.5%), and inpatient (23.3%) settings. Conclusion: This is the first published study that measures interpretation needs via intercom requests. We propose that our method can be replicated to inform implementation of professional medical interpretation services. We conclude that linguistic interpretation needs are significant in the Montreal area, and likely in Canada in general and pose a barrier to effective medical care.
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Sapozhnikov, Julia, Angela Huang, Sara Revolinski, Nathan A. Ledeboer und Blake W. Buchan. „1045. Impact of an Antimicrobial Stewardship Pharmacist on Microbiology Rounds“. Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (Oktober 2019): S368. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz360.909.
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Abstract Background Microbiology rounds is an area for antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASP) to potentially intervene on antimicrobial prescribing in both the inpatient and outpatient settings. The purpose of this study was to describe and evaluate the impact of ASP pharmacist participation in microbiology rounds. Methods This was a single-center retrospective descriptive study including inpatient and ambulatory adults ( ≥18 years) with a susceptibility request requiring review during microbiology rounds between October 2018 and 3/2019. During daily microbiology rounds, susceptibility or workup requests were reviewed with the multidisciplinary microbiology team. The ASP pharmacist was called for their clinical expertise in assessing complicated or nonstandard susceptibility requests. Number and types of interventions made by ASP pharmacist were recorded (e.g., approval rate, education, ASP referral, ID consult referral). Additionally, number and types of intervention outcomes (unnecessary susceptibility prevented, optimized susceptibility request, treatment recommendation, improved clinician understanding, etc.) were analyzed. Results There were 66 susceptibility requests reviewed by an ASP pharmacist from October 2018 to 3/2019, of which 84.8% were inpatient. An ID provider was the requestor for 35% of requests. ASP pharmacists completed chart reviews for 92.4% of patients and contacted the requester/primary team 72.7% of the time. Thirty-three (50%) susceptibility requests were approved and, notably, 65.2% of requests from an ID provider were approved. Intervention rates for education provided, ASP referral, and ID consult referral were 50%, 1%, and 7%, respectively. ASP pharmacists were able to impact multiple intervention outcomes, including preventing unnecessary susceptibility requests (45.5%) and improving clinician understanding (39.4%) (Table 1). Conclusion ASP pharmacists are an important part of the microbiology team and are able to use their clinical expertise to help approve or deny susceptibility requests, make potential recommendations to optimize antimicrobial therapy, and provide education to other healthcare professionals. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
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Yuan, Chien Wen, Benjamin V. Hanrahan und John M. Carroll. „Assessing timebanking use and coordination: implications for service exchange tools“. Information Technology & People 32, Nr. 2 (01.04.2019): 344–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/itp-09-2017-0311.
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PurposeTimebanking is a generalized, voluntary service exchange that promotes use of otherwise idle resources in a community and facilitates community building. Participants offer and request services through the mediation of the timebank software. In timebanking, giving help and accepting help are both contributions; contributions are recognized and quantified through exchange of time-based currency. The purpose of this paper is to explore how users perceive timebank offers and requests differently and how they influence actual use.Design/methodology/approachThis survey study, conducted in over 120 timebanks across the USA, examines users’ timebanking participation, adapting dimensions of Technology Acceptance Model (TAM).FindingsThe authors found that perceived ease of use in timebanking platforms was positively associated with positive attitudes toward both requests and offers, whereas perceived usefulness was negatively associated with positive attitudes toward requests and offers. The authors also found that having positive attitudes toward requests was important to elicit behavioral intention to make a request, but that positive attitudes toward offers did not affect behavioral intentions to make offers.Practical implicationsThe authors discussed these results and proposed design suggestions for future service exchange tools to address the issues the authors raised.Originality/valueThe study is among the first few studies that examine timebanking participation using large-scale survey data. The authors evaluate sociotechnical factors of timebanking participation through adapting dimensions of TAM.
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Yee, Michelle. „182 Secondary Use of Electronic Health Record (EHR) Data and Implications for Evaluation“. Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 8, s1 (April 2024): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2024.173.
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OBJECTIVES/GOALS: An academic medical library evaluated an EHR data abstraction service by assessing uptake and publication metrics, including use by department, purpose of data abstraction requests and publication counts. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: The evaluation included 167 requests for EHR data processed by the institution’s clinical research data management unit (CRDMU) and recorded in an intake form hosted on REDCap. These requests originated from various departments. The intake forms collected investigator and study information, as well as request completion dates. Information in the intake forms were matched with publications and meeting abstracts that were indexed in a database of faculty publications. Investigators who submitted EHR data requests that could not be readily matched to publications were contacted to verify the status of their studies and any associated publications. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: The evaluation included 167 data requests submitted to the CRDMU between 2016 and 2018. These requests were categorized into the following use cases: retrospective studies (n=93); patient recruitment (n=50); and 'other' (i.e., education, training, or process improvement; feasibility assessments; machine learning (n=14)). By the end of the evaluation period, an average of four years after the data requests were submitted to the CRDMU, 60 of all 167 EHR datasets (35.9%) led to publications as articles or meeting abstracts. 64.5% of the EHR datasets requested for retrospective studies, 56% of the datasets requested for recruitment, and 79.1% of datasets requested for other uses did not lead to publications. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: These findings offer evidence that bibliometrics alone provide limited insight into the value of services and data utilized for secondary research. Data ecosystem stakeholders are encouraged to consider—and develop—scalable, reproducible, and more holistic assessments of the impact of their services.
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Kny, Katiuce Tomazi, und Maria Angélica Pires Ferreira. „PP434 Quality Of Studies Submitted To Support Requests For Medical Devices And Equipment Incorporation In A Teaching Hospital“. International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 36, S1 (Dezember 2020): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462320001762.
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IntroductionIn hospitals with standardized processes of health technology assessment (HTA), clinical studies are usually required to support incorporation requests. Factors such as conflicts of interest and confirmation bias affect the quality of the evidence. The objective of this study was to assess the quality of studies submitted to the university hospital to support the incorporation of non-drugs technologies.MethodsAll submissions received from 2017 to 2019 were reviewed. Data about methodological quality of studies sent by requesters and their utilization of final recommendation were collected, as well as about studies retrieved during additional search performed by HTA. The Jadad and Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) scales were used for assessing the quality of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and systematic reviews (SRs), respectively.ResultsTwenty-one requests for incorporation of equipment were analyzed. The average number of studies attached was 4.5. In eight requests (53.3%), both SRs and RCTs were attached. In seven (46.7%) only low quality studies were included were included; additional search identified RCTs and SRs in four of these cases. According to the Jadad and AMSTAR scales, 60 percent of the submitted RCTs showed a high risk of bias, while 57 percent of the SRs showed moderate quality, respectively.ConclusionsThe best evidence is not always submitted during the incorporation request process. Requirements for studies of moderate-to-high quality to accept the incorporation demand could be helpful to avoid inefficiencies in hospital-based HTA.
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Dong, Shengli. „Assessing Workplace Accommodation Requests Among Older Workers“. Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin 61, Nr. 2 (15.02.2017): 101–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0034355216687286.
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As one ages, the chance of acquiring functional limitations increases dramatically. Thus, a remarkably high proportion of older workers will likely qualify for workplace accommodations. The current study aimed to gain an understanding of subgroups of older workers who were less likely to request and receive accommodations, associations of psychosocial factors (i.e., workplace supports, employees’ knowledge of the Americans With Disabilities Act [ADA] and accommodations, and whether an individual has a work goal) with requesting and receiving accommodations, and differences on these psychosocial factors within various demographic subgroups of older workers. Two hundred thirty-one individuals 50 years and older recruited from multiple national organizations and rehabilitation agencies participated in this study through an online survey. The study found that the psychosocial factors were positively associated with requesting and receiving accommodations. In addition, participants who were less likely to request and receive accommodations reported lower scores in the psychosocial factors. Practical implications for rehabilitation counselors and further research are discussed.
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Blouin, Gayle C., Christine Chio, E. Bridget Kim und David P. Ryan. „Evaluating adherence to off-label policy at an academic outpatient cancer center and assessing reimbursement of high-cost drugs.“ Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, Nr. 31_suppl (01.11.2013): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.31_suppl.61.
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61 Background: An off-label policy was developed at Massachusetts General Hospital for drugs used in oncology to 1) ensure high quality standards across the cancer center, 2) promote safe and effective care and 3) demonstrate fiscal responsibility and accountability for drug costs. The purpose of this study is to evaluate adherence to the off-label policy around use of chemotherapy/biologics in outpatient oncology. The impact on pharmacy resources will also be evaluated. A secondary objective is to assess reimbursement of high cost drugs. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on all off-label requests submitted from May 1, 2012 through January, 2013 to evaluate adherence to policy. The following criteria were assessed: 1) submission at least 3 days in advance of scheduled treatment, 2) reference provided, 3) approval by clinical director and pharmacy, 4) order written as “Exception order,” and 5) reimbursement of high cost drugs without NCCN support (category 1 or 2A). Drugs evaluated for reimbursement included: bevacizumab, cetuximab, albumin-bound paclitaxel, rituximab, trastuzumab, liposomal doxorubicin, ipilimumab, brentuximab, bendamustine, and bortezomib. Data were also collected from electronic order entry reports, eMARs and hospital billing systems. Results: A total of 83 off-label requests were submitted and reviewed over study period. The majority of requests were written as “Exception orders” representing 2.1% of overall cycle 1 orders. Ninety-eight percent of requests were approved; 40% of requests fully met off-label policy criteria; 28% of requests were submitted without 3-day advance notification; of these, 57% were requested on day of scheduled treatment; 30% of requests were submitted without a reference. Thirty-three claims were evaluated for reimbursement; 91% were paid. Bevacizumab (n=22) was the most commonly requested high cost drug. Conclusions: Providers are generally adhering to the off-label policy. Opportunity exists to improve full adherence. This will ensure adequate time for pharmacy and finance review and avoid unnecessary delays in patient care. The majority of claims for high cost drugs were paid.
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Schwabe, Annette M., Lesley B. Olswang und Elinor Kriegsmann. „Requests for Information“. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools 17, Nr. 1 (Januar 1986): 38–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/0161-1461.1701.38.
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Requesting information through interrogative forms is an important linguistic device for learning about the world. The literature has regarded information requests as a developmental phenomenon which reflects the contiguous emergence of linguistic, cognitive, and pragmatic constituent skills in a particularly supportive environment. This paper presents a review of the constituent skills and environmental factors which influence the initial onset and continued acquisition of requests for information in normally developing children. This review provides the foundation for a protocol for assessing and treating children who are impaired in requesting information. Specific assessment and treatment plans are suggested.
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MERT, Tuğba, Yasemen ÖZKAN, Muhsine ARSLAN und Aynur YÜCEL. „Verbal Order Process, Control and The Results Evaluation at a University Hospital“. Artuklu International Journal of Health Sciences 2, Nr. 3 (23.12.2022): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.58252/artukluder.1167737.
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In hospitals, the immediate administration of the treatment recommended by the physician is important for the patient safety, quality patient care, not prolonging the hospitalization length and expense. When considering near-miss/happened medication administration error in patient safety, it is discovered that verbal requests also play a role. Aim: This study was conducted in a university hospital using a standardized verbal request process, control and result evaluation to identify problems that develop throughout the implementation process and to offer solutions. Design/Method: The study was carried out by retrospectively assessing verbal requests given between January and December 2019 in accordance with the standard of taking verbal request used in a 110-bed university hospital. The data were analyzed based on the department, the status of requests within and outside of working hours, the presence of the physician's signature on the form, academic staff, and the physician’s full-time/contracted job status. The SPSS 24 software was used to analyze the data. Results: It was established that a total of 2033 verbal requests were put in the hospital where this study was conducted; with medicine accounting for 51.6% (n=1048) of the verbal requests. It was determined that 53% (n=57) of the doctors who put in verbal requests were contracted, 47% (n=51) were permanent employees, and 50.6% (n=531) of the requests were given during working hours and 49.4% (n=517) were given outside of working hours. Conclusion: Considering the research results, it was detected that the number of signed verbal requests is low; that, despite the institution’s large number of contracted doctors, their own staff physicians use many verbal requests and do not sign the forms; and that more verbal requests are given during working hours.
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Musser, Linda R., und Barbara M. Coopey. „Impact of a Discovery System on Interlibrary Loan“. College & Research Libraries 77, Nr. 5 (01.09.2016): 643–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/crl.77.5.643.
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Web-scale discovery services such as Summon (Serial Solutions), WorldCat Local (OCLC), EDS (EBSCO), and Primo (Ex Libris) are often touted as a single search solution to connect users to library-owned and -licensed content, improving discoverability and retrieval of resources. Assessing how well these systems achieve this goal can be challenging, however. This article describes the use of interlibrary loan borrowing request data as a means to evaluate whether the Summon discovery system was achieving its goal of improving retrieval. Four years following implementation of the discovery system, there was a 22 percent decrease in interlibrary loan borrowing requests. Requests by undergraduates dropped at a higher rate than faculty, staff, and graduate students. Undergraduate requests for articles dropped more than requests for loans. Two years’ postimplementation of the discovery system, the number of interlibrary loan borrowing requests by undergraduates for locally owned or licensed materials dropped by 57 percent, freeing up interlibrary loan staff to expand services into new areas. This study indicates that implementation of a discovery system can lead to a reduction in interlibrary loan borrowing.
Dissertationen zum Thema "Assessing requests"
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Bolte, Taylor Clark. „Assessing Maintenance and Management of Infrastructure Systems Using Citizen Reported Service Requests“. Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/88492.
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Maintaining current and future infrastructure will require smart practices to help better meet user needs with fewer financial resources. The recent adoption of information communication technologies, such as, 311-call centers enables city agencies to detect and more quickly respond to real-time infrastructure system service disruptions and maintenance requests. Of the 200 or more cities that use 311, New York City's system is the largest, receiving more than 19.5 million citizen requests since 2010. Current citizen service requests made through 311 range from issues about street and sidewalk conditions to problems with their water, sanitation, snow removal, and traffic congestion. In the first manuscript, service requests were compared to socio-economics within zip codes. Zip codes were clustered by four socio-economic variables including median house value, percent of the population with a bachelor's degree, unemployment rate, and percent non-white to represent socio-economic differences between zones in the city. Results show that citizens from low socio-economic areas, meaning those with low median house values, low population with a bachelor's degree, high unemployment, and high percent non-white are burdened with significantly more infrastructure maintenance requests. When controlling for physical differences such as miles of road, total frequency of calls, and the number of people per zip code, people from low socio-economic zones are more likely to call about issues related to street conditions, sanitation, and their water system. In the second manuscript, service request response time by agency were compared based on location and socio-economic variables. The location of the call based on borough and the socio-economic characteristics of the zip code do significantly influence agency response time. Citizens reporting issues in Queens can expect to wait significantly longer, about 3 days more, to receive a response for a similar request in other boroughs of New York City. This is for issues about water, sewer, traffic lights, and street condition. The Department of Transportation, Department of Sanitation, and the New York Police Department respond significantly faster to service requests in zones classified with high and middle socio-economic groups compared to zip codes with low socio-economic groups of people. These differences in geography and socio-economic characteristics suggest unequal treatment of maintenance issues. These differences in response may expose an implicit bias in maintenance response. By recognizing these differences, city engineers can begin to prioritize maintenance issues based on how communities perceive infrastructure in need of repair, and thus better meet the needs of individual citizens in the future.Master of Science
Infrastructure includes systems including buildings, roads, water/wastewater, trash, and various other networks that facilitate citizens everyday lives. These infrastructure systems will always require maintenance in order to keep it running effectively and efficiently. Using smart and sustainable practices in this process can help better meet user needs, while saving more money. Using more technology such as 311-call centers can allow cities to detect and more quickly respond to real-time infrastructure disruptions and maintenance issues. 311 call centers receive calls about anything from street condition problems such as potholes to problems with their drinking water. Of the 200 or more cities that use 311, New York City’s system is the largest, receiving more than 20 million citizen requests since 2010. The first manuscript looks into what certain types of people call about. Using zip codes, areas of the city were grouped together based on four socio-economic variables; median house value, percent of the population with a bachelor’s degree, unemployment rate, and percent non-white. People from low socio-economic areas, meaning those with low median house values, low population with a bachelor’s degree, high unemployment, and high percent non-white call more about infrastructure maintenance requests. When controlling for physical aspects of these areas such as miles of road, total amount of calls, and the number of people per zip code, people from low socio-economic areas are more likely to call about issues related to street conditions, sanitation, and their water system. The second manuscript looks into how long it takes government agencies to respond and resolve these calls. The location of the call based on location in the city and the socio-economic characteristics of the zip codes have an effect on agency response time. People reporting issues in Queens can expect to wait much longer, about 3 days more, to receive a response for a similar issue called from another borough of New York City. The Department of Transportation, Department of Sanitation, and the New York Police Department respond significantly faster to service requests in areas with high and middle socio-economic status groups compared to zip codes with low socio-economic groups of people. By knowing that location and socio-economic status matter when citizens call 311, city engineers can begin to use this data to help prioritize maintenance issues based on specific areas and needs of individual people in the future. These differences in location and socio-economic characteristics could possibly suggest unequal treatment of maintenance issues. However, since the differences seen in this research are with only certain variables accounted for, further research will be needed to help show possible causation for these differences.
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Ramsay, Craig R. „Assessing the learning curves of health technologies“. Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2000. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU602014.
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Many health technologies exhibit some form of learning effect, and this represents a barrier to rigorous assessment by randomised controlled trials. There is reluctance to evaluate while the technique is being learnt, yet unwillingness to admit uncertainty once it has been learnt. In principle, statistical description of a learning curve and subsequent adjustment of an evaluation to take account of learning effects should solve this problem. Exactly how the analyses should be performed has been unclear. This thesis has three components: Systematic review of health technology assessment literature: a systematic description of studies that directly assessed the learning curve effect of health technologies. Systematic search of non-health technology assessment literature: a systematic identification of 'novel' statistical techniques applied to learning curve data in other fields, such as psychology and manufacturing. Testing of statistical methods: testing of these statistical techniques in sets of data describing a variety of health technologies where learning curve effects are known to exist.
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Tiensing, Tinnakorn. „Novel techniques in assessing bioavailability of pollutants in soils“. Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2002. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU153957.
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Effective techniques for assessing soil environmental pollution are required to develop protective policy. Chemical methods have been traditionally used to determine total concentration of pollutants and biologically linked measurements have been used to assess the bioavailable fraction of pollutants. Bioluminescence-based microbial bioassays have been shown to respond to the bioavailable fractions. Growth and bioluminescence of lux-marked E. coli HB101 and P. fluorescens 10586r were characterised and optimised for freeze-drying culture. Freeze-drying cultures have been used effectively because of their ease of use, rapid assay response and sensitivity to a wide range of pollutants. An assessment of Zn and Cd amended soil was investigated. Two different techniques (centrifugation and Rhizon sampler) were used to obtain the interstitial pore water of soils. The concentrations of Zn and Cd were significantly higher in the soil solution extracted using the centrifugation technique compared to the Rhizon sampler technique. The biosensors responded to the free metal concentrations in the soil solution. An assessment of the toxicity of 2,4-dichlorophenol, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol and pentachlorophenol, individually and in combinations, was tested in deionised water (pH 5.5), soil solutions, and soils using lux-marked E. coli HB101 and P. fluorescens 10586r. Toxicity interaction responses of the mixture chlorophenols were predicted using a model. Synergistic interactions were observed for the response of P. fluorescens 10586r pUCD60-7 to all combinations of chlorophenol tested, while the response of E. coli HB101 pUCD607 varied with the matrix solutions tested. Bioavailability of naphthalene was studied using cyclodextrin-based extractions caused to the luminescence response of Pseudomonas fluorescens KH44 pUTK21. Increasing the concentrations of beta-cyclodextrin (b-CD) and hydroxylpropyl-b-cyclodextrin (HPBC) in the extract solutions increased the apparent concentration of naphthalene in the soil solutions. The luminescence response of P. fluorescens HK44 was associated with bioavailable of naphthalene.
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Ioris, Antônio Augusto Rossotto. „A framework for assessing freshwater sustainability at the river basin scale“. Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2005. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU200347.
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This thesis focuses upon understanding the process of developing water sustainability indicators and their application for the assessment of catchment management systems. The study deals with the assessment of environmental, economic and social processes related to sustainable water management. In order to develop the framework of indicators, a group of catchments was selected in Scotland (Rivers Clyde and Dee) and in Brazil (Rivers Sinos and Pardo). Drawing on international experience and in consultation with local water stakeholders, a list of critical criteria of water sustainability was initially selected. These criteria were: water quality; water quantity; system resilience; water use efficiency; user sector productivity; institutional preparedness; equitable water services; water-related well-being; and public participation. From these criteria a framework of sustainability indicators was developed through an inductive and participatory approach, which included prospective contacts with water stakeholders, a sequence of trial exercises and a pilot-study. The proposed framework of indicators is the product of the amalgamation of existing literature, interaction with stakeholders and informed choices by the researcher. The calculation of indicators required the gathering and manipulation of secondary data using both quantitative and qualitative research techniques. The main difficulties encountered during the calculation of indicator results were data inaccessibility and incompatibility of spatial scales. The interpretation of the sustainability condition of the catchments was based on the analysis of historic trends and future tendencies of the proposed indicators. The research outcomes were mixed in all four studied catchments, with specific achievements and deficiencies identified in the local water management approaches. The final research stage included interviews with stakeholders to discuss both indicator results and the appropriateness of the proposed methodology.
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Shah, Tanvir H. „Rapid non-destructive techniques for assessing crop growth rates and nitrogen status“. Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1985. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU356158.
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The broad aims of the study were to grow crops under different levels of nitrogen fertilizer, so that a range of crop growth rates and leaf chlorophyll concentrations could be made available for an investigation into the feasibility of monitoring the crop's growth and colour changes, using the spectral properties of the individual leaves and the leaf canopy. The literature concerned with the interaction of radiation with both single leaves and whole canopies was reviewed. In addition a few other promising techniques capable of revealing crop condition non-destructively were also mentioned. Specifically the aims were (a) to develop a robust optical technique for assaying chlorophyll content of plant leaves which would be able to compensate for factors which interfere with the independent absorption of leaf pigments and (b) to quantify leaf pigment concentrations of a crop independently from crop biomass. A standard laboratory spectrophotometer was interfaced to a microcomputer and its cell compartment modified for acquiring reflectance and absorption spectra of intact leaves. For crop canopy reflectance measurements a portable three-channel band-pass radiometer employing wide-band interference filters, silicon photodiode detectors, and integrated sample/hold circuits was designed and constructed. The instrument has the ability to provide simultaneous signal outputs of all three sensors for facilitating the measurement of crop canopy reflectance under conditions of fluctuating incoming radiation, as might occur on cloudy days. In addition to the band-pass radiometer a low cost system employing an inexpensive monochromator for obtaining reflectance spectra of crops in the visible/near-infrared wavelength range was constructed and tested. In this system the rapidly varying analogue output of the monochromator is converted to audio-frequencies for recording on an audio-cassette tape recorder. Demodulation and retrieval of the original monochromator output for computer processing is carried out back in the laboratory. Multiple linear regression of selected features of intact leaf absorption and reflectance spectra and their first order and second order derivatives yielded equations able to compensate for the non-pigment differences of leaves of maize, barley, french dwarf beans, sweet pepper, sunflower, and ornamental tobacco, and accurately predict leaf chlorophyll content. Some of the reported techniques for quantifying crop growth and results of crop reflectance behaviour were confirmed. Leaf pigment concentrations of small plots of barley could be assessed independently of crop biomass using oblique radiometer views of the crop canopy to eliminate the very large influence of the soil background reflectance.
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Wyness, Laura A. „Assessing the need for humanitarian nutritional intervention for adults in complex emergencies“. Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2006. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU494631.
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This study aimed to identify methods to improve: 1) the assessment of the need for humanitarian nutritional intervention in adults in complex emergencies; and 2) the collection and quality of routine adult malnutrition data. A systematic literature review of methods for nutritional assessment of adults that could be used in complex emergencies was conducted. Hair pluckability was identified as a potential method, and empirical studies were conducted to investigate its reliability in healthy volunteers. A questionnaire was sent to NGOs to determine the most important context factors when considering adult nutritional status. Data were collected from three NGOs on the nutritional status of 13,599 adults from 33 feeding programmes in five different countries. As context data relevant to each feeding programme were unavailable, country-specific data were often used. Hair pluckability was significantly different between- and within-observers (p<0.001). In the feeding programmes, context factors were more significantly associated with Mid Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC) than Body Mass Index (BMI). Poor security and food security were also significantly associated with poorer nutritional status, but here was evidence that some of the associations were explained by differences in the type of feeding programme. Hair pluckability was found to be an unreliable indicator of nutritional status. MUAC may be a more useful method of assessing nutritional status in complex emergencies than BMI. The usefulness of the NGO data was limited due to bias and possible confounding, and the low number and spread of data points being compared. This highlights the need for standardised data collection methods, to enable comparison of nutritional needs between populations. Education and training of field workers in data collections methods is recommended.
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Somasiri, L. L. W. „A mixed ion-exchange resin procedure for assessing nutrient availability in temperate and tropical soils“. Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1991. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU033914.
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A multi-element soil extraction procedure (P, K, Mg, and Ca) using a mixed cation/anion exchange resin has been developed and its performance evaluated. Ion uptake to and recovery from the resin were highly reproducible over the concentration ranges typically experienced in soil. The effects on the overall reproducibility of changing various experimental parameters such as soil:water:resin ratios were quantified. Plant nutrient uptake and yield parameters obtained from either field (coconut) or pot (rye-grass) experiments using tropical or temperate soils have been used to evaluate the predictive capabilities of the proposed method. Comparisons with existing more widely acceptable soil extractants are made. The proposed method generally gave highly significant correlations with crop data which were independent of soil type. The possibility of including a simultaneous multi-element analytical step, which greatly increases the overall advantages of the resin procedure, has also been assessed.
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Brown, David. „Aspects of the area of freedom, security and justice : assessing the progress made, commitment expressed and legitimacy of the implementation processes of European police co-operation and counter-terrorism“. Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2001. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU602062.
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One of the most significant features of the Third Pillar, which came into being as part of the Treaty of European Union, is the so-called 'implementation gap' between the expectations and aspirations of the member states in this area and the empirical reality. This regularly features in the standard literature on the Third Pillar, yet there has been little detailed research done to either measure or determine the root causes of such an occurrence. Rather than simply accept that such a 'gap' exists, this thesis attempts to measure the implementation gap in two distinct areas of internal security co-operation. These are two of the most under-researched areas within the Third Pillar, namely the development of the European Police Office (and related elements of police cooperation) and progress in the related area of a European counter-terrorist framework. A model of 'perfect implementation' has been devised utilising tests from three distinct schools of decision-making - foreign policy analysis, the implementation school (which has its own distinct subset of literature) and European decision-making. By applying tests in relation to the establishment of objectives, the question of leadership, the scale of the 'sacrifice' made and a detailed analysis of the legislative output of each area, the thesis measures how close the reality is to the ideal. In terms of the nature of objectives, an examination of the clarity and consistency of such aims will be determined at two levels. The overall 'metapolicy' of the Third Pillar - the creation of 'an area of freedom, security and justice'- is compared to the current enlargement process, in order to determine both the meaning of such a concept and to ascertain where the priorities of the member states actually lie. Certain terms used within the European Union and replicated within the literature, such as describing such areas as 'matters of common interest', will be analysed to determine their meaning and their applicability to the empirical reality. As a result, and complimenting the 'Good Governance' initiative of the European Commission, which aims to determine the appropriate level for each of the competencies of the EU, the legitimacy of the European level of decision-making will be examined in each area. In terms of determining the root causes of the 'implementation gap', the solution most commonly offered - both by practitioners and in the secondary literature - relates to the process of communitarisation, which has already begun for the areas such as immigration and asylum and judicial co-operation on civil matters. Yet, in the case of the two case studies examined in this thesis - European police cooperation and the European counter-terrorist framework - communitarisation is not forthcoming, with little mention made of the post-Amsterdam elements of the Third Pillar in the draft Treaty of Nice. As such, the control factor of the institutional framework of the European Union does not apply as directly in either case study. Both have shared the same institutional structure since the inception of the Third Pillar, a structure that is likely to remain untouched by the process of enlargement. Therefore, there is a need to look beyond the potential panacea of communitarisation for other potential explanations as to why greater progress has been made in one area as opposed to the other.
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Chauvin, Anthony. „Développement et évaluation d'interventions visant à améliorer le processus de « peer-review » en recherche biomédicale The most important tasks for peer reviewers evaluating a randomized controlled trial are not congruent with the tasks most often requested by journal editors Impact of interventions to improve the quality of peer review of biomedical journals: a systematic review and meta-analysis A protocol of a cross-sectional study evaluating an online tool for early career peer reviewers assessing reports of randomised controlled trials“. Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCB215.
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Le processus de « peer-review » est considéré comme la pierre angulaire de la publication scientifique. Or, des travaux ont démontré que les évaluations des peer-reviewers sont souvent discordantes, qu’ils ne parviennent pas à détecter la fraude, les erreurs et que leur évaluation est influencée par les résultats. L’objectif de ce travail de thèse était d’explorer et de repenser le processus de la peer-review éditoriale. Dans un premier temps, nous avons identifié les tâches attendues des peer-reviewers lors de l'évaluation d'un manuscrit rapportant un essai contrôlé randomisé et, comparé l’importance de ces tâches selon le point de vue des peer-reviewers et des éditeurs. Notre étude a permis de démontrer que les tâches les plus importantes pour les peer-reviewers n'étaient pas conformes aux tâches les plus souvent demandées par les éditeurs. Dans un deuxième temps, nous avons réalisé une revue systématique ainsi qu’une méta-analyse des essais contrôlés randomisés évaluant une intervention visant à améliorer la qualité de la peer-review dans les journaux biomédicaux. Nous avons identifié 22 essais contrôlés randomisés qui ont évalué 5 interventions. Ces essais incluaient un faible nombre de participants, étaient pour la majorité monocentriques, et avaient des biais qui limitaient l’interprétation de leurs résultats. Enfin, nous avons développé et évalué un outil d’aide à la réalisation de la peer-review d’essais randomisés, associé à une formation en ligne. Cet outil vise spécifiquement à évaluer la qualité de la présentation des essais, c’est-à-dire le respect des recommandations du CONSORT statement (i.e., recommandations internationales exigées par les éditeurs pour rapporter les essais randomisés de façon complète et transparente). Nous avons comparé la performance de jeunes peer-reviewers formés utilisant l’outil, avec la performance de reviewers ayant évalué le manuscrit dans le cadre du processus de peer-review classique. Nous avons inclus 120 essais contrôlés randomisés. Nos résultats ont mis en évidence que l'outil a amélioré le nombre d’items correctement classés par manuscrit par les jeunes peer-reviewers. Cette constatation suggère que l'utilisation d'une checklist de type CONSORT se focalisant sur certains items précis pourrait améliorer la qualité du processus de peer-review, et donc la qualité du manuscrit publié. À l’issue de ce travail, nous proposons de repenser le processus de peer-review qui pourrait être réalisé en 2 étapes avec : des peer-reviewers juniors évaluant le respect des recommandations du CONSORT statement et des reviewers expérimentés évaluant la méthodologie et la pertinence de la questionThe peer-review process is a cornerstone of biomedical research publication. However, studies have shown that peer-reviewers' evaluations are often discordant, that they fail to detect fraud, errors and that their evaluation is influenced by the results. The objective of this thesis work was to explore and rethink the process of peer-review editorial. As a first step, we identified the tasks expected of peer-reviewers when evaluating a randomized controlled trial report and compared the importance of these tasks from the points of view of peer-reviewers and editors. Our study showed that the most important tasks for peer reviewers were not congruent with the tasks most often requested by journal editors in theirs guidelines to reviewers. In a second step, we conducted a systematic review and a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials evaluating an intervention aimed at improving the quality of peer-review in biomedical journals. We identified 22 randomized controlled trials that evaluated 5 interventions. These trials included a small number of participants, were mostly monocentric and had biases that limited the interpretation of their results. Finally, we have developed and evaluated a tool to help achieve the peer-review of randomized trials associated with online training. This tool is specifically aimed at evaluating the quality of the reporting that means the compliance with the recommendations of the CONSORT statement (i.e., international recommendations required by publishers to report randomized trials in a complete and transparent manner). We compared the performance of young trained peer-reviewers using the tool with the performance of reviewers evaluating the manuscript as part of the usual peer-review process. We included 120 randomized controlled trials. Our results showed that the tool improved the number of items correctly classified per manuscript by young peer-reviewers. This finding suggests that the use of a CONSORT checklist focusing on specific items could improve the quality of the peer-review process, and thus the quality of the published manuscript. At the end of this work, we propose to rethink the peer-review process that could be carried out in 2 stages with junior peer-reviewers assessing compliance with the recommendations of the CONSORT statement and experienced reviewers evaluating the methodology and relevance of the question
Bücher zum Thema "Assessing requests"
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Office, United States Government Accountability. Veterans benefits: VA needs plan for assessing consistency of decisions : report to congressional requesters. Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Government Accountability Office, 2004.
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Office, General Accounting. Environmental Protection Agency: Continued improvement needed in assessing equal employment opportunity : report to congressional requesters. Washington, D.C. (P.O. Box 37050, Washington 20013): U.S. General Accounting Office, 2003.
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Office, General Accounting. Energy markets: Results of studies assessing high electricity prices in California : report to congressional requesters. Washington, D.C: GAO, 2001.
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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. Telecommunications: Challenges to assessing and improving telecommunications for native americans on tribal lands : report to Congressional Requesters. Washington, D.C: United States Government Accountability Office, 2006.
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Office, General Accounting. Wildland fires: Forest Service and BLM need better information and a systematic approach for assessing the risks of environmental effects : report to congressional requesters. Washignton, D.C: United States General Accounting Office, 2004.
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United States. Government Accountability Office. Terrorist watchlist: Routinely assessing impacts of agency actions since the December 25, 2009, attempted attack could help inform future efforts : report to Congressional requesters. Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Govt. Accountability Office, 2012.
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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Foreign Affairs. The FY 2016 budget request: Assessing U.S. foreign assistance effectiveness : hearing before the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, One Hundred Fourteenth Congress, first session, March 17, 2015. Washington: U.S. Government Publishing Office, 2015.
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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Budget. Fiscal year 2003 field hearings: Hearings before the Committee on the Budget, United States Senate, One Hundred Seventh Congress, second session : January 8, 2002, the Farm Bill, January 20, 2002, impact of the President's 2003 budget request on highway and water infrastructure needs, January 22, 2002, the President's fiscal year 2003 budget, August 20, 2002, assessing the need for natural disaster assistance. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2002.
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Boston (Mass.). Assessing Dept. Fy 1988 budget request. 1987.
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Vladimir, Golitsyn. Part I Assessing the UN Institutional Structure for Global Ocean Governance: The UN’s Role in Global Ocean Governance, 5 The Role of International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS) in Global Ocean Governance. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198824152.003.0005.
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This chapter focuses on the role of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS) in global ocean governance. Established under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), the jurisdiction of the ITLOS comprises all disputes and all applications concerning interpretation or application of the Convention and all matters specifically provided for in any other agreement which confers jurisdiction on the Tribunal. In the performance of its responsibilities, ITLOS has accumulated a body of jurisprudence which constitutes its contribution to the progressive development of international law of the sea and thus global ocean governance. The chapter discusses the most important examples of the ITLOS's contribution to the global ocean governance, such as dealing with contentious cases, requests for provisional measures, and prompt release cases as well as providing advisory opinions.
Buchteile zum Thema "Assessing requests"
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Vignetti, Silvia. „Designing a Research Infrastructure with Impact in Mind“. In The Economics of Big Science, 79–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52391-6_11.
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Abstract Assessing the socio-economic impact of a Research Infrastructure (RI) requires an evaluation framework and a data collection plan that should be put in place as early as possible. This essay maintains the idea that if data collection for impact assessment is not episodic, motivated by external requests from stakeholders and funding agencies, but rather becomes a routine activity, it could maximize its potential to inform the RIs management and serve the strategic planning function of the infrastructure.
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Behuniak, Peter. „Types of commonly requested accommodations.“ In Assessing individuals with disabilities in educational, employment, and counseling settings., 45–58. Washington: American Psychological Association, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/10471-003.
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Wenbo, Dai, und Zhang Xiaoyu. „The Right to Request for Information Disclosure and the Right to Consult Case Files: Boundaries, Concurrences and Way Out“. In Assessing Government Transparency in China (2020), 135–47. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2031-8_6.
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Linnhoff-Popien, Claudia, und Dirk Thißen. „Assessing Service Properties with Regard to a Requested Qos: The Service Metric“. In Formal Methods for Open Object-Based Distributed Systems, 273–80. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-35562-7_21.
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„Assessing Visitor Policy Exemption Requests During the COVID-19 Pandemic“. In Ethics Rounds: A Casebook in Pediatric Bioethics Part II, 115–20. American Academy of Pediatrics, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/9781610026697-assessing.
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Hajibaba, Homa, und Sara Dolnicar. „Do Hosts Discriminate?“ In Peer-to-Peer Accommodation Networks. Goodfellow Publishers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23912/9781911396512-3617.
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On most peer-to-peer accommodation networks, people have to set up personal profiles, including a photo and some basic information about themselves. Typically, people wanting to book accommodation (guests) send a request to those offering it (hosts). Hosts assess the booking request and either decline or accept it. This chapter investigates factors that are associated with higher levels of declining booking requests by Airbnb hosts. Results suggest that declining requests is not associated with personal characteristics of the guest or host. Rather, hosts appear to be aware of the potential risks involved in letting strangers stay in their house (or room), and attempt to reduce this risk by assessing each guest inquiry at the booking level. These findings do not support recent claims of systematic discrimination on peer-to-peer accommodation networks.
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Kearney, Christopher A. „Assessing Cases of School Refusal Behavior“. In Helping School Refusing Children and Their Parents, 55–93. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780190662059.003.0004.
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This chapter offers the reader an overview of methods to assess, on an initial and ongoing basis, youths with presenting school refusal behavior. These methods target youth who are just beginning to refuse school and/or have scattered absences, a few skipped classes, recurrent tardiness, premature departures from school during the day, excessive crying or resistance going to school, and noncompliance regarding school attendance, in addition to more subtle behaviors such as frequent student requests to leave class, visits to the school nurse, or escalating distress about attending school. Formal assessment methods are described, such as interview questions, questionnaires, and behavioral observation, but an emphasis is also placed on time-sensitive and highly efficient ways to gather substantial information about a youth’s school refusal behavior and related variables.
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Esbensen, Kari L., und Daniel P. Sulmasy. „Ethical Issues in Palliative Care“. In Handbook of Psychiatry in Palliative Medicine 3rd edition, herausgegeben von Harvey Max Chochinov und William Breitbart, 317—C22.P113. 3. Aufl. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780197583838.003.0022.
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Abstract The authors provide a historical-social context and philosophical framework to illuminate some of the major ethical issues crucial to palliative care. They argue that the terminally ill patient’s increased vulnerability, medicine’s moral obligation to serve the four-fold good of the patient, the telos of medicine as providing healing by restoring wholeness even when cure is no longer possible, and the many domains of suffering experienced by the terminally ill all converge to justify intensive comprehensive palliative care (ICPC) as the appropriate response to these realities. They then review some of the many ethical challenges ICPC faces in responding to the needs of the terminally ill, challenges that arise when addressing pain, other symptoms, and suffering; providing spiritual and existential care; telling the truth and conveying “bad news”; assessing decision-making capacity and ensuring informed consent; encouraging advance care planning and supporting surrogate decision-making; determining when to withhold or withdraw life-sustaining treatments; considering the appropriateness of artificial nutrition and hydration; responding to requests for futile or potentially inappropriate treatments; addressing requests for euthanasia or physician assisted suicide; and considering the use of sedating medications at the end of life. They offer arguments to support their views on each of these issues while acknowledging that some of these topics remain deeply controversial.
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Surolia, Abhishek, und Dr P. R. Sodani. „A STUDY ON PATIENT EXPERIENCE IN IPD“. In NAVIGATING CHANGE IN HOSPITAL AND HEALTHCARE SETTING. KAAV PUBLICATIONS, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.52458/9789388996877.2023.eb.ch-08.
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The healthcare industry is globally grappling with concerns about quality as it rapidly transforms to meet the ever-growing needs of its patient population. Rather than perceiving patients as uninformed with limited healthcare options, facilities are now acknowledging that informed consumers have diverse service requests and healthcare alternatives [1]. Giving importance to patients' needs and preferences is essential for a compassionate healthcare system. Although healthcare service quality has traditionally relied on expert practice standards, the last decade has seen a prevailing acknowledgment of patients' perceptions as a crucial indicator for assessing healthcare quality. Patients' views are now considered an integral component of performance improvement and clinical effectiveness. It is stressed that elevated burnout among nurses can have a negative impact on patients' satisfaction.
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Hallenbeck, James L. „Communication“. In Palliative Care Perspectives, 155–99. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780197542910.003.0008.
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This chapter discusses the importance of good communication in palliative care. The chapter provides an introduction to the field of intercultural communication and gives suggestions for how to use the principles of intercultural communication in better communicating with others in palliative care. A narrative approach is taken to understanding the positions of participants in any act of communication. Basic skills in sharing bad news, assessing goals of care, and holding a family meeting are presented. The chapter discusses the importance of incorporating patient and family preferences into difficult decisions, using the acronym GOOD, which stands for goals, options, opinion, and document. Suggestions are made for how best to pronounce patients and communicate with family members after a person has died. Suggestions are made for how best to communicate regarding requests for a hastened death.
Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Assessing requests"
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Park, Kang-il, und Bonita Sharif. „Assessing Perceived Sentiment in Pull Requests with Emoji: Evidence from Tools and Developer Eye Movements“. In 2021 IEEE/ACM Sixth International Workshop on Emotion Awareness in Software Engineering (SEmotion). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/semotion52567.2021.00009.
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Carolan, Michael, und Michelle Priante Muhlanger. „Strategy for Alternative Occupant Volume Testing“. In ASME 2009 Rail Transportation Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/rtdf2009-18025.
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This paper describes plans for a series of quasi-static compression tests of rail passenger equipment. These tests are designed to evaluate the strength of the occupant volume under static loading conditions. The research plan includes a detailed examination of the behavior of conventional equipment during the 800,000-pound buff strength test. The research will also include a demonstration of an alternative static test that is designed to load and test the occupant volume at a location other than the buff lugs. The alternative test will demonstrate a testing and evaluation method for the occupant volume strength of passenger rail cars that accounts for the collision load path through the occupant volume. Per current Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) regulations, all passenger cars must support an 800,000-pound static load applied to the car’s line of draft without undergoing permanent deformation. However, more operators are looking to introduce equipment built to foreign standards. Many international manufacturers are implementing alternative designs that make use of crash energy management design features, articulated truck designs that span two cars, and low floor designs. These changes in the form and function of the designs require alternative means of applying a compressive load to assess occupant volume strength. FRA has reviewed several proposed alternatively designed equipment under requests for waivers for specific corridors of operation. Because the number of requests has increased significantly, FRA is trying to establish reasonable alternative means for assessing adequate and equivalent occupant volume strength to conventional equipment. This paper proposes an alternative static test procedure that will provide a means of evaluating a similar level of occupant volume integrity and passenger protection during a collision. The test will allow for greater design variation for newer rail cars and cars built to foreign standards. For the alternative test, the load may be introduced through the available structure at the floor level and at the roof level. These loading locations will enable the load to be applied directly into key longitudinal members in the load path of collision loads through the occupant volume. Finite element models are used before testing to determine appropriate alternative load levels and locations. The test article is a modified Budd Pioneer car. No significant modifications are planned for the longitudinal members of the car, or for the occupant volume.
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Savina, Ol’ga, und Ol’ga Smirnova. „Identification of psychological safety risks for schoolchildren when conversion to distance learning in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic“. In Safety psychology and psychological safety: problems of interaction between theorists and practitioners. «Publishing company «World of science», LLC, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15862/53mnnpk20-13.
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The problem is to identify and track stress factors in connection with the pandemic situation, awareness of possible dangers, and awareness of adolescents about self-defense measures against possible infection. The purpose of the study is to identify and analyze risk factors for the safety of the educational environment in the situation of the COVID - 19. The research methodology: two stages of monitoring the safety risk factors of the school educational environment during the transition and adaptation to distance learning conditions: 1) Express survey (aimed at identifying associations and visual images of the coronavirus situation, assessing anxiety and anxiety and risk factors, self-prevention measures in a pandemic situation);2) online survey. The study involved 76 students in grades 5 and 6 of the Moscow School No. 1505 (34%m., 66% f.). Results. The most significant risks for experiencing psychological well-being in younger adolescents during self-isolation and distant education were the lack of real communication with friends, teachers, restriction in favorite activities, difficulties with self-organization, lack of free time, eye fatigue, restricted movement, difficulties in self-organization and motivation to study, hypercontrol on the part of parents. The changed conditions have led to the reorganization of the school's psychological service, focusing on support and individualized psychological assistance to students, parents, and teachers in solving the triad of life tasks: prevention of maladaptation, failure; adaptation to the new, resilience, development, and growth; sharing responsibility with other participants in the educational process (teachers, class leaders); crisis intervention (on current requests); proactive response to potential risks.
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Mercan, Bulent, Mike Campbell und Clay Thompson. „Fatigue Monitoring and Life Extension for Top Tensioned Production Riser Systems“. In Offshore Technology Conference. OTC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/31259-ms.
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Abstract Top tensioned production riser (TTR) systems are exposed to fatigue loading in deep water as a result of vessel motions and high currents. The accuracy of predictions of the in-place fatigue response, which is a key input for any life extension requests, is dependent on the operating condition during the life of field including fluid contents and top tension. One solution to reduce this uncertainty is to deploy a fatigue monitoring system to assure the long-term integrity and performance of these riser systems. This paper presents results from a recent TTR monitoring campaign and focuses on the impact of top tension variation on riser motion and fatigue response in the field. Standalone and ROV deployable motion loggers offer a low cost and robust method of fatigue monitoring. The motion loggers are installed at discrete locations along the TTR to measure riser motions and then determine fatigue accumulations. During one of the recent monitoring campaigns, riser top tension was changed due to operational requirements, which in turn affected the riser fatigue response in the field. Field data is collected from two periods for two TTRs. The top tension was adjusted between each campaign allowing the effect of tension on riser fatigue response to be better understood using field measurements. The resulting riser motions and fatigue accumulations will be presented to demonstrate the sensitivity to top tension and highlight the importance of maintaining good records during the field life. Currently, there is no single guideline in the US that addresses TTR life-extension programs in detail. The results from this monitoring program are one step forward in better understanding system behavior of deep water TTRs and assessing the feasibility of an extended service life.
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Zhao, Yixue, Siwei Yin, Adriana Sejfia, Marcelo Schmitt Laser, Haoyu Wang und Nenad Medvidovic. „Assessing the Feasibility of Web-Request Prediction Models on Mobile Platforms“. In 2021 IEEE/ACM 8th International Conference on Mobile Software Engineering and Systems (MobileSoft). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mobilesoft52590.2021.00008.
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Coutinho, Daniel, Luisa Cito, Maria Vitória Lima, Beatriz Arantes, Juliana Alves Pereira, Johny Arriel, João Godinho et al. „"Looks Good To Me ;-)": Assessing Sentiment Analysis Tools for Pull Request Discussions“. In EASE 2024: 28th International Conference on Evaluation and Assessment in Software Engineering. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3661167.3661189.
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Regazzoni, Daniele, Andrea Vitali, Caterina Rizzi und Giorgio Colombo. „A Method to Analyse Generic Human Motion With Low-Cost Mocap Technologies“. In ASME 2018 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2018-86197.
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A number of pathologies impact on the way a patient can either move or control the movements of the body. Traumas, articulation arthritis or generic orthopedic disease affect the way a person can walk or perform everyday movements; brain or spine issues can lead to a complete or partial impairment, affecting both muscular response and sensitivity. Each of these disorder shares the need of assessing patient’s condition while doing specific tests and exercises or accomplishing everyday life tasks. Moreover, also high-level sport activity may be worth using digital tools to acquire physical performances to be improved. The assessment can be done for several purpose, such as creating a custom physical rehabilitation plan, monitoring improvements or worsening over time, correcting wrong postures or bad habits and, in the sportive domain to optimize effectiveness of gestures or related energy consumption. The paper shows the use of low-cost motion capture techniques to acquire human motion, the transfer of motion data to a digital human model and the extraction of desired information according to each specific medical or sportive purpose. We adopted the well-known and widespread Mocap technology implemented by Microsoft Kinect devices and we used iPisoft tools to perform acquisition and the preliminary data elaboration on the virtual skeleton of the patient. The focus of the paper is on the working method that can be generalized to be adopted in any medical, rehabilitative or sportive condition in which the analysis of the motion is crucial. The acquisition scene can be optimized in terms of size and shape of the working volume and in the number and positioning of sensors. However, the most important and decisive phase consist in the knowledge acquisition and management. For each application and even for each single exercise or tasks a set of evaluation rules and thresholds must be extracted from literature or, more often, directly form experienced personnel. This operation is generally time consuming and require further iterations to be refined, but it is the core to generate an effective metric and to correctly assess patients and athletes performances. Once rules are defined, proper algorithms are defined and implemented to automatically extract only the relevant data in specific time frames to calculate performance indexes. At last, a report is generated according to final user requests and skills.
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Lee, C., Z. Yang und A. Copping. „Resource Modeling Assessment and Environmental Biological Analysis in Turnagain Arm, Cook Inlet, AK“. In Offshore Technology Conference. OTC, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/35505-ms.
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Abstract The deployment and operation of a floating and/or submerged tidal technology in the United States coastal water require characterizing tidal stream resource potential and assessing environmental conditions and satisfying all environmental permitting requirements. The waters of Cook Inlet, Alaska have some of the strongest and most consistent tidal currents in the U.S. This project seeks to examine the potential for tidal energy development in Turnagain Arm, an inlet between Anchorage and the Kenai Peninsula (Figure (a)), in the upper Cook Inlet. The Turnagain Arm Tidal Electricity Generation (TATEG) site covers 137 square miles of Turnagain Arm where the tidal range at the site reaches 10m, and has been awarded a FERC preliminary permit P#15109 (Figure (b)). While there is some preliminary data available, this site’s water speeds, environmental and biological concerns have not previously been characterized. Tidal Energy Corporation has requested technical assistance from Pacific Northwest National Laboratory for their expertise in assessing these characteristics. The technical assistance provided under this award is intended to examine the tidal currents and assess those that are most suitable for tidal energy development through validated numerical models, and to assess the optimal tidal turbine deployment areas within Turnagain Arm from an environmental, logistic, and regulatory perspective. Areas that are best suited for bottom based, mid column and floating tidal technologies will be considered. Tidal Energy Corp is proposing to develop TATEG into the United States’ first grid scale tidal stream development. TEC is also proposing that a portion of the TATEG site is dedicated to the formation of a permanent tidal energy prototype test site. This request for technical assistance with environmental assessment, likely permitting and regulatory pathways, and numerical modeling for overall site characterization is foundational to any and all development of the site.
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Jacobsen, Karina, Patricia Llana und David Tyrell. „Collision Scenarios for Assessing Crashworthiness of Passenger Rail Equipment“. In ASME 2010 Rail Transportation Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/rtdf2010-42033.
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In June 2009, at the request of the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA), the Railroad Safety Advisory Committee established the Engineering Task Force (ETF). The ETF is comprised of government, railroads, suppliers, and labor organizations and their consultants. The ETF was tasked with recommending a process for assessing alternative Tier I passenger rail equipment, i.e., passenger equipment that is operated at speeds up to 125 mph on the general railroad system. The final product of the ETF is a document outlining criteria and procedures for demonstrating crashworthiness performance of passenger rail equipment built to alternative design standards and proposed for operation in the US. The results provide a means of assessing whether an alternative design compares to designs compliant with the FRA’s Tier I crashworthiness requirements. This paper focuses on the criteria and procedures developed for scenario-based requirements. The principle collision scenario describes the minimum train-level crashworthiness performance required in a train-to-train collision of an alternatively designed passenger train with a conventional locomotive-led passenger train. For cab car-led and MU locomotive-led operations, the impact speed is prescribed at 20 mph. For locomotive led operations, the impact speed is prescribed at 25 mph. Criteria for evaluating this scenario include intrusion limits for the passengers and engineer, and occupant protection measures. Other scenario-based requirements discussed in this paper include colliding equipment override, connected equipment override, and truck attachment.
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Böhme, D., R. Huber, D. Grasme und P. Heinrich. „GTS Certificate—A Successful Means of Benefiting Its Members“. In ITSC2006, herausgegeben von B. R. Marple, M. M. Hyland, Y. C. Lau, R. S. Lima und J. Voyer. ASM International, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2006p1475.
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Abstract The GTS certificate, is the only certificate worldwide which, in addition to the quality management elements of DIN EN ISO 9001:2000, includes a personnel, process and, on request, also a product certification for thermal spraying. The rules for certification were worked out by the thermal spray users, i.e. GTS members, themselves and have proved to be very effective. Today, the GTS certificate serves as a basis for assessing a certified GTS member should inconsistencies or legal disputes arise. The certificate demonstrates that the certified company has a visible quality standard and that it also meets specified quality requirements in its day-to-day business operations.
Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Assessing requests"
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Davenport, C. An expert system for assessing the relative importance of maintenance work requests. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), Mai 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5569039.
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Moreno, Ángel Iván, und Teresa Caminero. Assessing the data challenges of climate-related disclosures in european banks. A text mining study. Madrid: Banco de España, September 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53479/33752.
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The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) estimates that global net-zero should be achieved by 2050. To this end, many private firms are pledging to reach net-zero emissions by 2050. The Climate Data Steering Committee (CDSC) is working on an initiative to create a global central digital repository of climate disclosures, which aims to address the current data challenges. This paper assesses the progress within European financial institutions towards overcoming the data challenges outlined by the CDSC. Using a text-mining approach, coupled with the application of commercial Large Language Models (LLM) for context verification, we calculate a Greenhouse Gas Disclosure Index (GHGDI), by analysing 23 highly granular disclosures in the ESG reports between 2019 and 2021 of most of the significant banks under the ECB’s direct supervision. This index is then compared with the CDP score. The results indicate a moderate correlation between institutions not reporting to CDP upon request and a low GHGDI. Institutions with a high CDP score do not necessarily correlate with a high GHGDI.
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PALIY, T., und A. BAGIYAN. CHARACTERISTIC OF A TEACHER-PHILOLOGIST’S PROFESSIONAL PERSONALITY THROUGH THE PRISM OF AXIOLOGY. Science and Innovation Center Publishing House, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2658-4034-2021-12-4-2-48-58.
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This article raises the urgent problem of modern higher linguistic education connected with the pedagogical activities of the teaching staff of language departments. The aim of the research is to design and test the axiological model of the professional personality of a philologist teacher. The study is based on sociological and culturological approaches, traditions of linguistic education in Russia, which are significant for the formation of the personality of a future teacher, translator, interpreter, etc., understanding of the peculiarities of the pedagogical activity of linguists. Discussion, psychological and mathematical-statistical methods were used in the course of the following research. The results of the study have demonstrated some certain unique features of the Russian axiological space. The priorities of students in the process of assessing teachers of philologists and their professional activities are also established. The results obtained can serve as a basis for the design and testing of original trainings, refresher courses, taking into account the received request from the objects of the educational process.
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Smith, Adam, Karlee Feinen, Kathryn Maag, August Fuelberth und Megan Tooker. Historic Landscape Inventory for Mare Island Naval Cemetery, California. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), Juli 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/48751.
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This project was undertaken to provide the US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), National Cemetery Administration (NCA), with a cultural land-scape inventory of Mare Island Naval Cemetery. The approximately 2.5-acre cemetery is located in Vallejo, California, and contains more than 900 burials. Mare Island Naval Cemetery is part of the Mare Island Naval Shipyard historic district, which was listed concurrently on the National Register of Historic Places and as a National Historic Landmark in 1975. The NCA tasked the US Army Engineer Research and Development Center-Construction Engineering Research Laboratory (ERDC-CERL) with inventorying and assessing the cultural landscape at Mare Island Naval Cemetery through the creation of a landscape development context, a description of current conditions, and an analysis of changes to the cultural landscape over time. All landscape features were included in the inventory as NCA requested ERDC-CERL to follow federal policy on national cemeteries that requires that all national cemetery landscape features be considered contributing elements, regardless of age.
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Ingvarson, Lawrence, und Hilary Hollingsworth. HALT Certification: Reducing the workload, increasing the rigour and cutting the cost. Australian Council for Educational Research, Oktober 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37517/978-1-74286-723-6.
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In December 2022, federal, state and territory education ministers released a National Teacher Workforce Action Plan to improve teacher supply and retention in the profession. While recognising the important role that Highly Accomplished and Lead Teacher (HALT) certification could play, the plan also recognised that the current approach to certification was cumbersome for teachers and called for it to be ‘streamlined’. At the request of the education ministers, the Australian Institute for Teaching and School Leadership (AITSL) has produced a revised Framework for the Certification of HALT Teachers. Guided by the Framework, certifying authorities across state and territory school systems will be responsible for ‘less onerous, while being rigorous’ processes for assessing applications. This paper is based on a project called the Portfolio Project conducted by ACER between 2015 and 2018 to develop methods to reduce the application workload for teachers and assessors while increasing the validity and reliability of the certification process. These methods were trialed with positive results. Based on lessons learned during the Project, this paper suggests ways to strengthen the efficiency and credibility of the HALT certification process, while also making it a more satisfying and effective vehicle for teachers’ professional development.
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Chou, Roger, Jesse Wagner, Azrah Y. Ahmed, Benjamin J. Morasco, Devan Kansagara, Shelley Selph, Rebecca Holmes und Rongwei Fu. Living Systematic Review on Cannabis and Other Plant-Based Treatments for iii Chronic Pain: 2022 Update. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer250update2022.
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Objectives. To update the evidence on benefits and harms of cannabinoids and similar plant-based compounds to treat chronic pain using a living systematic review approach. Data sources. Ovid® MEDLINE®, PsycINFO®, Embase®, the Cochrane Library, and SCOPUS® databases; reference lists of included studies; and submissions received after Federal Register request were searched to April 4, 2022. Review methods. Using dual review, we screened search results for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies of patients with chronic pain evaluating cannabis, kratom, and similar compounds with any comparison group and at least 1 month of treatment or followup. Dual review was used to abstract study data, assess study-level risk of bias, and rate the strength of evidence (SOE). Prioritized outcomes included pain, overall function, and adverse events. We grouped studies that assessed tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and/or cannabidiol (CBD) based on their THC to CBD ratio and categorized them as comparable THC to CBD ratio, high-THC to CBD ratio, and low-THC to CBD ratio. We also grouped studies by whether the product was a whole-plant product (cannabis), cannabinoids extracted or purified from a whole plant, or a synthetic product. We conducted meta-analyses using the profile likelihood random effects model and assessed between-study heterogeneity using Cochran’s Q statistic chi square test and the I2 statistic. Magnitude of benefit was categorized as no effect or small, moderate, and large effects. Results. From 3,283 abstracts, 21 RCTs (N=1,905) and 8 observational studies (N=13,769) assessing different cannabinoids were included; none evaluated kratom. Studies were primarily short term, and 59 percent enrolled patients with neuropathic pain. Comparators were primarily placebo or usual care. The SOE was low unless otherwise noted. Compared with placebo, comparable THC to CBD ratio oral spray was associated with a small benefit in change in pain severity (7 RCTs, N=632, 0 to10 scale, mean difference [MD] −0.54, 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.95 to −0.19, I2=39%; SOE: moderate) and overall function (6 RCTs, N=616, 0 to 10 scale, MD −0.42, 95% CI −0.73 to −0.16, I2=32%). There was no effect on study withdrawals due to adverse events. There was a large increased risk of dizziness and sedation, and a moderate increased risk of nausea (dizziness: 6 RCTs, N=866, 31.0% vs. 8.0%, relative risk [RR] 3.57, 95% CI 2.42 to 5.60, I2=0%; sedation: 6 RCTs, N=866, 8.0% vs. 1.2%, RR 5.04, 95% CI 2.10 to 11.89, I2=0%; and nausea: 6 RCTs, N=866, 13% vs. 7.5%, RR 1.79, 95% CI 1.19 to 2.77, I2=0%). Synthetic products with high-THC to CBD ratios were associated with a moderate improvement in pain severity, a moderate increase in sedation, and a large increase in nausea (pain: 6 RCTs, N=390, 0 to 10 scale, MD −1.15, 95% CI −1.99 to −0.54, I2=48%; sedation: 3 RCTs, N=335, 19% vs. 10%, RR 1.73, 95% CI 1.03 to 4.63, I2=28%; nausea: 2 RCTs, N=302, 12.3% vs. 6.1%, RR 2.19, 95% CI 0.77 to 5.39; I²=0%). We also found moderate SOE for a large increased risk of dizziness (2 RCTs, 32% vs. 11%, RR 2.74, 95% CI 1.47 to 6.86, I2=40%). Extracted whole-plant products with high-THC to CBD ratios (oral) were associated with a large increased risk of study withdrawal due to adverse events (1 RCT, 13.9% vs. 5.7%, RR 3.12, 95% CI 1.54 to 6.33) and dizziness (1 RCT, 62.2% vs. 7.5%, RR 8.34, 95% CI 4.53 to 15.34); outcomes assessing benefit were not reported or insufficient. We observed a moderate improvement in pain severity when combining all studies of high-THC to CBD ratio (8 RCTs, N=684, MD −1.25, 95% CI −2.09 to −0.71, I2=58%; SOE: moderate). Evidence (including observational studies) on whole-plant cannabis, topical or oral CBD, low-THC to CBD, other cannabinoids, comparisons with active products or between cannabis-related products, and impact on use of opioids was insufficient to draw conclusions. Other important harms (psychosis, cannabis use disorder, and cognitive effects) were not reported. Conclusions. Low to moderate strength evidence suggests small to moderate improvements in pain (mostly neuropathic), and moderate to large increases in common adverse events (dizziness, sedation, nausea) with high- and comparable THC to CBD ratio extracted cannabinoids and synthetic products during short-term treatment (1 to 6 months); high-THC to CBD ratio products were also associated with increased risk of withdrawal due to adverse events. Evidence for whole-plant cannabis and other comparisons, outcomes, and plant-based compounds was unavailable or insufficient to draw conclusions. Small sample sizes, lack of evidence for moderate and long-term use and other key outcomes, such as other adverse events and impact on use of opioids during treatment, indicate that more research is needed.
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Chou, Roger, Azrah Y. Ahmed, Christina Bougatsos, Benjamin J. Morasco, Rebecca Holmes, Terran Gilbreath und Rongwei Fu. Living Systematic Review on Cannabis and Other Plant-Based Treatments for Chronic Pain: 2022 Update—Surveillance Report 2. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), Januar 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer250.2022updatesr2.
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Objectives. To update the evidence on benefits and harms of cannabinoids and similar plant-based compounds to treat chronic pain using a living systematic review approach. Data sources. Ovid® MEDLINE®, PsycINFO®, Embase®, the Cochrane Library, and SCOPUS® databases; reference lists of included studies; and submissions received after Federal Register request were searched to October 24, 2022. Review methods. Using dual review, we screened search results for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies of patients with chronic pain evaluating cannabis, kratom, and similar compounds with any comparison group and at least 1 month of treatment or followup. Dual review was used to abstract study data, assess study-level risk of bias, and rate the strength of evidence (SOE). Prioritized outcomes included pain, overall function, and adverse events. We grouped studies that assessed tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and/or cannabidiol (CBD) based on their THC to CBD ratio and categorized them as comparable THC to CBD ratio, high-THC to CBD ratio, and low-THC to CBD ratio. We also grouped studies by whether the product was a whole-plant product (cannabis), cannabinoids extracted or purified from a whole plant, or a synthetic product. We conducted meta-analyses using the profile likelihood random effects model and assessed between-study heterogeneity using Cochran’s Q statistic chi square test and the I2 statistic. Magnitude of benefit was categorized as no effect or small, moderate, and large effects. Results. From a total of 3,568 abstracts, 21 RCTs (N=1,905) and 9 observational studies (N=15,079) assessing different cannabinoids were included; none evaluated kratom. Studies were primarily short term, and 60 percent enrolled patients with neuropathic pain. Comparators were primarily placebo or usual care. The SOE was low unless otherwise noted. Compared with placebo, comparable THC to CBD ratio oral spray was associated with a small benefit in pain severity (7 RCTs, N=632, 0 to 10 scale, mean difference [MD] −0.54, 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.95 to −0.19, I2=39%; SOE: moderate) and overall function (6 RCTs, N=616, 0 to 10 scale, MD −0.42, 95% CI −0.73 to −0.16, I2=32%). There was no effect on study withdrawals due to adverse events. There was a large increased risk of dizziness and sedation, and a moderate increased risk of nausea (dizziness: 6 RCTs, N=866, 31.0% vs. 8.0%, relative risk [RR] 3.57, 95% CI 2.42 to 5.60, I2=0%; sedation: 6 RCTs, N=866, 8.0% vs. 1.2%, RR 5.04, 95% CI 2.10 to 11.89, I2=0%; and nausea: 6 RCTs, N=866, 13% vs. 7.5%, RR 1.79, 95% CI 1.19 to 2.77, I2=0%). Synthetic products with high-THC to CBD ratios were associated with a moderate improvement in pain severity, a moderate increase in sedation, and a large increase in nausea (pain: 6 RCTs, N=390, 0 to 10 scale, MD −1.15, 95% CI −1.99 to −0.54, I2=48%; sedation: 3 RCTs, N=335, 19% vs. 10%, RR 1.73, 95% CI 1.03 to 4.63, I2=28%; nausea: 2 RCTs, N=302, 12.3% vs. 6.1%, RR 2.19, 95% CI 0.77 to 5.39; I²=0%). We also found moderate SOE for a large increased risk of dizziness (2 RCTs, 32% vs. 11%, RR 2.74, 95% CI 1.47 to 6.86, I2=40%). Extracted whole-plant products with high-THC to CBD ratios (oral) were associated with a large increased risk of study withdrawal due to adverse events (1 RCT, 13.9% vs. 5.7%, RR 3.12, 95% CI 1.54 to 6.33) and dizziness (1 RCT, 62.2% vs. 7.5%, RR 8.34, 95% CI 4.53 to 15.34); outcomes assessing benefit were not reported or insufficient. We observed a moderate improvement in pain severity when combining all studies of high-THC to CBD ratio (8 RCTs, N=684, MD −1.25, 95% CI −2.09 to −0.71, I2=58%; SOE: moderate). Evidence (including observational studies) on whole-plant cannabis, topical or oral CBD, low-THC to CBD, other cannabinoids, comparisons with active products or between cannabis-related products, and impact on use of opioids was insufficient to draw conclusions. Other important harms (psychosis, cannabis use disorder, and cognitive effects) were not reported. Conclusions. Low to moderate strength evidence suggests small to moderate improvements in pain (mostly neuropathic), and moderate to large increases in common adverse events (dizziness, sedation, nausea) with high and comparable THC to CBD ratio extracted cannabinoids and synthetic products during short-term treatment (1 to 6 months); high-THC to CBD ratio products were also associated with increased risk of withdrawal due to adverse events. Evidence for whole-plant cannabis and other comparisons, outcomes, and plant-based compounds was unavailable or insufficient to draw conclusions. Small sample sizes, lack of evidence for moderate and long-term use and other key outcomes, such as other adverse events and impact on use of opioids during treatment, indicate that more research is needed.
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McDonagh, Marian S., Jesse Wagner, Azrah Y. Ahmed, Rongwei Fu, Benjamin Morasco, Devan Kansagara und Roger Chou. Living Systematic Review on Cannabis and Other Plant-Based Treatments for Chronic Pain. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), Oktober 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer250.
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Objectives. To evaluate the evidence on benefits and harms of cannabinoids and similar plant-based compounds to treat chronic pain. Data sources. Ovid® MEDLINE®, PsycINFO®, Embase®, the Cochrane Library, and SCOPUS® databases, reference lists of included studies, submissions received after Federal Register request were searched to July 2021. Review methods. Using dual review, we screened search results for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies of patients with chronic pain evaluating cannabis, kratom, and similar compounds with any comparison group and at least 1 month of treatment or followup. Dual review was used to abstract study data, assess study-level risk of bias, and rate the strength of evidence. Prioritized outcomes included pain, overall function, and adverse events. We grouped studies that assessed tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and/or cannabidiol (CBD) based on their THC to CBD ratio and categorized them as high-THC to CBD ratio, comparable THC to CBD ratio, and low-THC to CBD ratio. We also grouped studies by whether the product was a whole-plant product (cannabis), cannabinoids extracted or purified from a whole plant, or synthetic. We conducted meta-analyses using the profile likelihood random effects model and assessed between-study heterogeneity using Cochran’s Q statistic chi square and the I2 test for inconsistency. Magnitude of benefit was categorized into no effect or small, moderate, and large effects. Results. From 2,850 abstracts, 20 RCTs (N=1,776) and 7 observational studies (N=13,095) assessing different cannabinoids were included; none of kratom. Studies were primarily short term, and 75 percent enrolled patients with a variety of neuropathic pain. Comparators were primarily placebo or usual care. The strength of evidence (SOE) was low, unless otherwise noted. Compared with placebo, comparable THC to CBD ratio oral spray was associated with a small benefit in change in pain severity (7 RCTs, N=632, 0 to10 scale, mean difference [MD] −0.54, 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.95 to −0.19, I2=28%; SOE: moderate) and overall function (6 RCTs, N=616, 0 to 10 scale, MD −0.42, 95% CI −0.73 to −0.16, I2=24%). There was no effect on study withdrawals due to adverse events. There was a large increased risk of dizziness and sedation and a moderate increased risk of nausea (dizziness: 6 RCTs, N=866, 30% vs. 8%, relative risk [RR] 3.57, 95% CI 2.42 to 5.60, I2=0%; sedation: 6 RCTs, N=866, 22% vs. 16%, RR 5.04, 95% CI 2.10 to 11.89, I2=0%; and nausea: 6 RCTs, N=866, 13% vs. 7.5%, RR 1.79, 95% CI 1.20 to 2.78, I2=0%). Synthetic products with high-THC to CBD ratios were associated with a moderate improvement in pain severity, a moderate increase in sedation, and a large increase in nausea (pain: 6 RCTs, N=390 to 10 scale, MD −1.15, 95% CI −1.99 to −0.54, I2=39%; sedation: 3 RCTs, N=335, 19% vs. 10%, RR 1.73, 95% CI 1.03 to 4.63, I2=0%; nausea: 2 RCTs, N=302, 12% vs. 6%, RR 2.19, 95% CI 0.77 to 5.39; I²=0%). We found moderate SOE for a large increased risk of dizziness (2 RCTs, 32% vs. 11%, RR 2.74, 95% CI 1.47 to 6.86, I2=0%). Extracted whole-plant products with high-THC to CBD ratios (oral) were associated with a large increased risk of study withdrawal due to adverse events (1 RCT, 13.9% vs. 5.7%, RR 3.12, 95% CI 1.54 to 6.33) and dizziness (1 RCT, 62.2% vs. 7.5%, RR 8.34, 95% CI 4.53 to 15.34). We observed a moderate improvement in pain severity when combining all studies of high-THC to CBD ratio (8 RCTs, N=684, MD −1.25, 95% CI −2.09 to −0.71, I2=50%; SOE: moderate). Evidence on whole-plant cannabis, topical CBD, low-THC to CBD, other cannabinoids, comparisons with active products, and impact on use of opioids was insufficient to draw conclusions. Other important harms (psychosis, cannabis use disorder, and cognitive effects) were not reported. Conclusions. Low to moderate strength evidence suggests small to moderate improvements in pain (mostly neuropathic), and moderate to large increases in common adverse events (dizziness, sedation, nausea) and study withdrawal due to adverse events with high- and comparable THC to CBD ratio extracted cannabinoids and synthetic products in short-term treatment (1 to 6 months). Evidence for whole-plant cannabis, and other comparisons, outcomes, and PBCs were unavailable or insufficient to draw conclusions. Small sample sizes, lack of evidence for moderate and long-term use and other key outcomes, such as other adverse events and impact on use of opioids during treatment, indicate that more research is needed.
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Using a rapid assessment approach to evaluate the quality of care in an integrated program: The experience of the Family Health Division, Ministry of Health, Botswana. Population Council, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh1997.1001.
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To strengthen existing efforts by the Government of Botswana in responding to the HIV/AIDS epidemic, USAID provided financial and technical assistance through the Botswana Population Assistance (BOTSPA) project. BOTSPA’s goal was to improve the quality and availability of family planning (FP) and sexually transmitted infection (STI) services through designing, implementing, and monitoring activities that would lead to the eventual institutionalization and sustainability of high-quality FP and STI/HIV/AIDS services. The Ministry of Health requested assistance from the Africa OR/TA Project II to develop and test an approach for routinely measuring the quality of service delivery and assessing skills retention by staff trained through in-service courses. A rapid assessment mechanism was designed and then used to determine the readiness of health facilities in Botswana to offer quality FP and STI management services. According to this report, the mechanism was found generally acceptable, easy to use by staff and managers, and provided valid information on the readiness of the health facilities to provide FP and STI services.