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1
Wang, Q., G. W. Owen und A. R. Mileham. „Comparison between fixed- and walking-worker assembly lines“. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 219, Nr. 11 (01.11.2005): 845–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095440505x32805.
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Linear walking-worker assembly lines are a novel form of flexible assembly system where fitters travel along the line carrying out each assembly task at each workstation. They attempt to combine the flexibility of the workbench system with the efficiency of the conventional fixed-worker assembly line. This concept has been implemented in a local manufacturing company where conventional assembly systems have been dominant for many years. This paper describes an investigation into this implemented walking-worker assembly line. The research work makes a comparison of the system's performance based on the same production line operated with fixed workers or with walking workers. The research approach was to develop simulation models for the alternative systems and to compare their simulation results. The results have shown that by using multiple-skilled walking workers this novel system has several advantages over the conventional fixed-worker assembly line under similar conditions.
2
Sun, Wen Lei, Yu Shan Cao und Wei Sun. „The Research of Virtual Assembly of Cotton Picker Roller Based on Virtual Reality“. Advanced Materials Research 156-157 (Oktober 2010): 496–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.156-157.496.
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This paper took the roller of a new cotton picker as the example, drew its various parts and assemblyed overally in the three-dimensional mapping software environment of UG, imported the models into the virtual reality assembly platform by the interface between UG and VAPlatform, added the virtual hand and carried through the virtual assembly in the virtual scene based on the certain assembly restriction in UG. The paper realized the visualization of the assembly path, offered the foundation for the feasible assembly path, and finally obtained the reasonable assembly process, provided a set of reasonable operation guide for the workers to assemble the cotton pickers.
3
Peças, Paulo, und João Semeano. „Industrial-Based Time Performance of Assembly Cell Operators: Impact Assessment Characterization by Discrete-Event Simulation“. International Journal of Mathematical, Engineering and Management Sciences 5, Nr. 1 (01.11.2019): 29–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.33889/ijmems.2020.5.1.003.
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Assembly cells often depend on the human elements when an extended automation is not (economically, even if technologically) possible. The workers’ natural variability is impossible to avoid in a manual assembly system. Usually when simulating an assembly system, a given task time distribution is assumed as the representation of the workers time performance. Workers have variations in their performance that can incur in the shifting of this distribution relative to the expected performance time distribution, as well as in the widening of this distribution, by the increase or decrease of dispersion. This paper presents a discrete event simulation model of an assembly system where the operators have different time distributions, aiming to assess their influence in the overall system performance. Those time distributions were obtained in industrial context, in a previous study, by observing workers in an assembly cell, so representing real performance of workers. The results indicate that the worst performing worker will “pace” the output system performance to a slower rhythm, while better performances of a single worker will only increase very slightly the system productivity.
4
Taki, Seiko, Yasuhiro Kajihara und Arou Yamamoto. „Proposal for Evaluating Workers’ Work Characteristics – Case Study on Business Machinery Production Line –“. International Journal of Automation Technology 11, Nr. 1 (05.01.2017): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2017.p0038.
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The General Aptitude Test Battery (GATB) is widely used to evaluate a subject’s cognitive ability for the purpose of selecting appropriate employment. The results of the GATB have been used to place staff in departments ranging from clerical departments to assembly lines. However, at actual manufacturing and assembly sites, workers receive mixed evaluations of “slow work” and “fast work” from the site administrators even though they all have high GATB scores for their jobs. In this study, with the aim of improving job design and employment selection, we do a detailed analysis of the existing GATB method of evaluating work characteristics and worker capacities. We conduct inspection ratings to measure each worker’s ability to adjust their working speeds and analyze the relationship between the GATB score and the worker evaluations. Next, we discover specific motions that explain the evaluation of workers by analyzing worker motions during the GATB. Lastly, we propose a method of determining whether an employee can work quickly in the field.
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Koo, Pyung-Hoi. „A New Self-Balancing Assembly Line Based on Collaborative Ant Behavior“. Applied Sciences 10, Nr. 19 (29.09.2020): 6845. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10196845.
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In most mass-production assembly lines, workers perform a set of tasks repetitively predefined by assembly line balancing techniques. The static task assignment often leads to low productivity when the assembly system faces disruptions or uncertainties such as machine breakdown and uneven worker capabilities. The idea of bucket brigades (BB) has been introduced to address the static assignment problems where cooperative behavior of ants is applied to flow line control. This paper examines possible efficiency losses associated with the existing BB-based assembly cell and presents an improved version for assembly cells under uncertain environments. The new system attempts to enhance productivity by assigning assembly tasks to workers dynamically and possibly adding buffers for decoupling consecutive workers. The proposed assembly system is evaluated through simulation experiments under various manufacturing environments. The experimental results show that the new system provides higher productivity than the naïve BB-based assembly cell as well as traditional assembly cells, especially for uncertain assembly environments.
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Carrasquillo, Vernnaliz, Thomas J. Armstrong und S. Jack Hu. „Mixed-Model Assembly Lines and Their Effect on Worker Posture and Recovery Time“. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 61, Nr. 1 (September 2017): 968. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931213601723.
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Aim: The aim of this study is to describe the relationship between cycle-to-cycle task variations in mixed-model assembly lines and workers’ exposure to poor posture and insufficient recovery time and provide guidelines for mixed-model assembly line (MMAL) design. Background: In the US, 17.6 out of 100,000 manufacturing workers suffer musculoskeletal injuries while conducting tasks in assembly lines which may be paced (e.g. continuously moving) or self-paced (e.g. asynchronous indexing). MMALs produce multiple products in the same line. Pacing must be carefully considered to achieve productivity targets while providing workers sufficient time to complete the tasks and recover. The effect of pacing on worker fatigue and exertions is not well understood. In MMALs, the complexity of completing multiple work methods may increase exposure to these risk factors. These concerns also affect hospital kitchens. While kitchen workers don’t have standardized work cycles, the work tasks (e.g. get, move, put) resemble the cyclic nature of manufacturing plants. Studies have been conducted to describe the effect of cycle-to-cycle task variations on worker posture and recovery time in MMALs (Carrasquillo, Armstrong, and Hu 2011, 2016, 2017). Methods: Three studies were conducted: (1) field observation of continuous moving assembly line - hospital kitchen, continuous moving conveyor; (2) conveyor type, product mix/sequence laboratory experiment - simulated assembly task conducted under 9 conveyor and product mix/sequence configurations; (3) field observation of on demand, self-paced assembly line with varying demand - hospital kitchen where patients placed orders at any time. Workers were video recorded and worker posture and recovery time were assessed. Posture tracking was used in laboratory study (2). Results: The self-paced assembly lines (asynchronous indexing, and manual), provided workers control over their work pace. They reached within the reach envelop more frequently than in the paced, continuous moving conveyor (43% vs. 86% –99%). The workers on the self-paced assembly line had the greatest average recovery time (31.8%), the worker on the continuous moving conveyor had 9.5% and the subjects on the asynchronous indexing conveyor had 0.7% recovery time. Discussion and conclusions: In study (1) increases in variations increased the frequency of workers reaching outside the reach envelope and reduced recovery time. In Study (2), the self-paced, asynchronous indexing mixed-model assembly line was the most effective configuration in reducing the frequency of reaching unnecessarily to complete the job. However, subjects didn’t reduce the pace to recover; instead, they worked continuously. The workers’ pace in the Study (3) assembly line was constrained by the process time. In it, workers, chose to reach outside the reach envelop 14% of the time; less frequently than in Study (1). The process time provided time for recovery. It exceeded 10%, more than in any of the other assembly line configurations. These findings demonstrate that as work variations increase, so does the frequency of reaching while the recovery time is. Self-pacing reduced but did not eliminate awkward postures. Participants reached ahead and completed the assigned tasks before the work objects were within the reach envelope. Ensuring that a minimum work time is maintained for each product type is essential to providing workers with sufficient time for recovery.
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Cao, Le, Biao Wang und Fei Liu. „Measurement of Worker Differences and Optimization of Personnel Assignment for Assembly Production“. Key Engineering Materials 439-440 (Juni 2010): 1469–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.439-440.1469.
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The measurement of worker differences is fundamental consideration in personnel assignment which is one key decision that influences the productivity and quality of assembly production. Due to the weakness of presented researches on worker differences measurement, the concept of station fitness, which takes the worker skill level and accumulated execution time in a given period as parameters, is proposed to better describe the worker competency and provide a way of measuring the differences among workers. A personnel assignment optimization model based on station fitness for assembly production is constructed, and the objectives are maximizing the station fitness for each assembly station and minimizing the difference of station fitness for workers assigned in the same assembly line. Then a heuristic algorithm based on the fitness matrix is presented to solve this model. The results from the example demonstrate the feasibility of the approach.
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Cevikcan, Emre. „An optimization methodology for multi model walking-worker assembly systems: an application from busbar energy distribution systems“. Assembly Automation 36, Nr. 4 (05.09.2016): 439–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aa-09-2015-072.
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Purpose Walking-worker assembly lines can be regarded as an effective method to achieve the above-mentioned characteristics. In such systems, workers, following each other, travel workstations in sequence by performing all of the required tasks of their own product. As the eventual stage of assembly line design, efforts should be made for capacity adjustments to meet the demand in terms of allocating tasks to workers via assembly line balancing. In this context, the purpose of this study is to address the balancing problem for multi-model walking-worker assembly systems, with the aim of improving planning capability for such systems by means of developing an optimization methodology. Design/methodology/approach Two linear integer programming models are proposed to balance a multi-model walking-worker assembly line optimally in a sequential manner. The first mathematical programming model attempts to determine number of workers in each segment (i.e. rabbit chase loop) for each model. The second model generates stations in each segment to smooth workflow. What is more, heuristic algorithms are provided due to computational burden of mathematical programming models. Two segment generation heuristic algorithms and a station generation heuristic algorithm are provided for the addressed problem. Findings The application of the mathematical programming approach improved the performance of a tap-off box assembly line in terms of number of workers (9.1 per cent) and non-value-added time ratio (between 27.9 and 26.1 per cent for different models) when compared to a classical assembly system design. In addition, the proposed approach (i.e. segmented walking-worker assembly line) provided a more convenient working environment (28.1 and 40.8 per cent shorter walking distance for different models) in contrast with the overall walking-worker assembly line. Meanwhile, segment generation heuristics yielded reduction in labour requirement for a considerable number (43.7 and 49.1 per cent) of test problems. Finally, gaps between the objective values and the lower bounds have been observed as 8.3 per cent (Segment Generation Heuristic 1) and 6.1 (Segment Generation Heuristic 2). Practical implications The proposed study presents a decision support for walking-worker line balancing with high level of solution quality and computational performance for even large-sized assembly systems. That being the case, it contributes to the management of real-life assembly systems in terms of labour planning and ergonomics. Owing to the fact that the methodology has the potential of reducing labour requirement, it will present the opportunity of utilizing freed-up capacity for new lines in the start-up period or other bottleneck processes. In addition, this study offers a working environment where skill of the workers can be improved within reasonable walking distances. Originality/value To the best knowledge of the author, workload balancing on multi-model walking-worker assembly lines with rabbit chase loop(s) has not yet been handled. Addressing this research gap, this paper presents a methodology including mathematical programming models and heuristic algorithms to solve the multi-model walking-worker assembly line balancing problem for the first time.
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Kamarulzaman MK, Muhammad Nubli AW und Ezrin HS. „ERGONOMICS STUDY IN THE STRESS LEVEL AMONG ELECTRONICS ASSEMBLY LINE WORKERS“. Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine 20, Special1 (01.08.2020): 201–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.37268/mjphm/vol.20/no.special1/art.689.
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Human and cognitive ergonomics become one of essential elements in industrial field nowadays due to employer concern on physical, spiritual and emotional of their workers. The need of industrial today required operator’s cognitive functions with less manual human control but in reality human judgement cannot be eliminate as there are various task that only can be perform by human. The objective of this study is to investigate the level of stress among Muslim electronics assembly line workers in electronic factories in Malaysia. The method used in this study is a survey questionnaire. The study is to compare the stress level between male and female, different ages of worker, years of working experience and task deliver in the plant to perform their duty and contribute to company. The tool administered is DASS 42 questions which distributed to the 360 worker from different level which is staffs and operators. Based on it, emWavePro device are used to test workers biofeedback performance in order to determine target persons for stress management module implementation. Workers performances in terms of productivity are measure after complete module implementation. The result may shows that workers that undergo this programed as a subjects improve their work performance by increasing productivity. Workers may came to work with positive attitude that impact positive environment to the plant. Using DASS, 319 of electronics assembly line workers are evaluated and from that 18 workers are identified with extremely severe of depression, anxiety and stress. From 18 workers, 61.1% are come from age between 19 and 29 years old with working experience less than 5 years. These 18 workers had potential to influence others that can disturb positive environment on the plant and change it to negative environment. Cognitive ergonomics is one of important elements to be focus as it impact workers performance every day. Not only physical, spiritual and emotional of the workers also contribute to the plant achievement in general.
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Václav, Štefan, Jozef Jurko, Pavol Božek und Šimon Lecký. „Theoretical Aspect of Assembly“. Research Papers Faculty of Materials Science and Technology Slovak University of Technology 24, Nr. 38 (01.09.2016): 103–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rput-2016-0045.
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Abstract Assembly plays a decisive role in global production in terms of its share in the total costs of the products assembled and in terms of the number of people working in the field. The author of (1) indicates that the percentage of the workers in assembly out of the total number of the workers in manufacturing in the U.S.A. ranged from 26.3% (bicycles) to 45.6% (automobiles), while the cost of the product assembly represented typically more than 50% of the total costs. Despite the above-mentioned importance of assembly in the industry, the discontinuous production processes have not been paid adequate attention until recently. It was sufficient to manufacture parts and then an operative reasonably and inexpensively assembled each product manually. The authors of this paper would like to emphasise “the method of a systemic approach” which focuses upon identifying the key activities to meet the objective. Harmonious interrelations of the activities are often a source of greater profit than in a system where some activities are of the top level while the others are neglected (2). The aim of this paper is to describe theoretical aspects of all the typical activities of the assembly system.
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Jansen, Kristjan, Matis Luik, Märt Reinvee, Viljo Viljasoo, Jaan Ereline, Helena Gapeyeva und Mati Pääsuke. „Musculoskeletal discomfort in production assembly workers“. Acta Kinesiologiae Universitatis Tartuensis 18 (01.12.2012): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/akut.2012.18.11.
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12
Hussain, T. „Musculoskeletal symptoms among truck assembly workers“. Occupational Medicine 54, Nr. 8 (01.12.2004): 506–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqh087.
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13
Okumoto, Yasuhisa, und Kentaro Hiyoku. „Digital Manufacturing of Pipe Unit Assembly“. Journal of Ship Production 21, Nr. 03 (01.08.2005): 141–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsp.2005.21.3.141.
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This paper introduces an outline of digital manufacturing in shipbuilding and results of its application, with the aim of modernizing ship manufacturing, following the introduction of a shipbuilding computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) system. The pipe unit assembly in a shipyard was taken up as an example, because the assembly work has depended on personal experience of skilled workers and has not been generalized and digitized. As a result of the work analysis in the job site, it was found that even veteran assembly workers often use the drawing to image the final assembly unit. Hence, the assembly simulation program was developed and a PC was introduced in the job site in order to assemble the pipe unit in accordance with the computer simulation on the display. The method was effectively tested and verified in the job site. In addition, a wearable computer system was applied in a pipe shop to check the purchased parts and to allot them to the pallets. These applications were confirmed as an effective digital manufacturing system.
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Yilmaz, Hamid, und Mustafa Yilmaz. „Multi-manned assembly line balancing problem with balanced load density“. Assembly Automation 35, Nr. 1 (02.02.2015): 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aa-05-2014-041.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is balancing multi-manned assembly lines with load-balancing constraints in addition to conventional ones Most research works about the multi-manned assembly line balancing problems are focused on the conventional industrial measures that minimize total number of workers, number of multi-manned workstations or both. Design/methodology/approach – This paper provides a remedial constraint for the model to balance task load density for each worker in workstations. Findings – Comparisons between the proposed mathematical model and the existing multi-manned mathematical model show a quite promising better task load density performance for the proposed approach. Originality/value – In this paper, a mathematical model that combines the minimization of multi-manned stations, worker numbers and difference of task load density of workers is proposed for the first time.
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Geng, Jun Hao, Xi Tian Tian und Bin Yang. „Process-Based Assembly Technical Annotation Management in 3D Assembly Instruction“. Advanced Materials Research 717 (Juli 2013): 742–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.717.742.
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In order to instruct on-site workers to accomplish the assembly job fast and exactly, improve the assembly quality and efficiency, we proposed a management method for assembly technical annotation in 3D assembly instruction. This method maps 3D technical annotations to assembly operation and assembly time based on time sequence granularity, achieves the goal of showing assembly technical annotations based on assembly process. We demonstrated the effectiveness of this method with a satellite antenna feed components assembly process instance. The instance shows that this method can mark assembly technical annotations based on assembly process, and show the annotations in time sequence but not in assembly space. This will help on-site assembly workers to understand the assembly order fast and unambiguously, finish the assembly operations correctly.
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Heinz, Mario, Sebastian Büttner, Sascha Jenderny und Carsten Röcker. „Dynamic Task Allocation based on Individual Abilities - Experiences from Developing and Operating an Inclusive Assembly Line for Workers With and Without Disabilities“. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 5, EICS (27.05.2021): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3461728.
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Digital assistive systems, enable workers with disabilities to perform complex industrial work. However, the previously presented systems considered only a single workplace and a single user. This paper presents an assembly line that enables a joint processing of complex tasks by multiple workers with and without disabilities. The aim was to investigate the use of interaction technologies such as in-situ projections and hand-tracking to enable the processing of complex assembly tasks by work teams with highly heterogeneous abilities. The developed assembly line assists users and coordinates the joint work by distributing single assembly steps to workers based on the individual workers' abilities. Besides presenting the concept and implementation of the assembly line, we report our findings after six months of operation. Our results indicate that using the assistive assembly line has positive impacts, such as increased satisfaction and independence of the workers combined with a higher productivity.
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Ghasemkhan, M., S. Aten . und K. Azam . „Musculoskeletal Symptoms Among Automobile Assembly Line Workers“. Journal of Applied Sciences 6, Nr. 1 (15.12.2005): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/jas.2006.35.39.
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Araújo, Felipe F. B., Alysson M. Costa und Cristóbal Miralles. „Balancing parallel assembly lines with disabled workers“. European J. of Industrial Engineering 9, Nr. 3 (2015): 344. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ejie.2015.069343.
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Inman, R. R., W. C. Jordan und D. E. Blumenfeld. „Chained cross-training of assembly line workers“. International Journal of Production Research 42, Nr. 10 (15.05.2004): 1899–910. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207540410001666224.
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Mergler, Donna, Guy Huel, Rosemarie Bowler, Frenette Benoit und James Cone. „Visual Dysfunction among Former Microelectronics Assembly Workers“. Archives of Environmental Health: An International Journal 46, Nr. 6 (Dezember 1991): 326–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00039896.1991.9934398.
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Moreira, Mayron César O., Jean-François Cordeau, Alysson M. Costa und Gilbert Laporte. „Robust assembly line balancing with heterogeneous workers“. Computers & Industrial Engineering 88 (Oktober 2015): 254–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2015.07.004.
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Roshani, Abdolreza, und Farnaz Ghazi Nezami. „Mixed-model multi-manned assembly line balancing problem: a mathematical model and a simulated annealing approach“. Assembly Automation 37, Nr. 1 (06.02.2017): 34–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aa-02-2016-016.
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Purpose This paper aims to study a generalized type of mixed-model assembly line with multi-manned workstations where multiple workers simultaneously perform different tasks on the same product. This special kind of assembly line is usually utilized to assemble different models of large products, such as buses and trucks, on the same production line. Design/methodology/approach To solve the mixed-model multi-manned assembly line balancing problem optimally, a new mixed-integer-programming (MIP) model is presented. The proposed MIP model is nondeterministic polynomial-time (NP)-hard, and as a result, a simulated annealing (SA) algorithm is developed to find the optimal or near-optimal solution in a small amount of computation time. Findings The performance of the proposed algorithm is examined for several test problems in terms of solution quality and running time. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has a satisfactory performance from computational time efficiency and solution accuracy. Originality/value This research is the very first study that minimizes the number of workers and workstations simultaneously, with a higher priority set for the number of workers, in a mixed-model multi-manned assembly line setting using a novel MIP model and an SA algorithm.
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Dhamija, Somesh. „Lean Companies Employed Assembly Workers Train with New Approches“. Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, Nr. 5 (11.04.2021): 574–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i5.1055.
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LM has proven itself the production system that enhances shop floor efficiency. Furthermore, the current environment for production firms is accelerating the pace at which LM is implemented. The manufacture of lean is not easy to introduce. It is constant and complex activity. Assembly workers in production processes are the core of lean manufacturing activity. Training is known as vehicle to aid the implementation process. While the importance of training is known so far, there are only a few options for organizing effective training. The results of the survey of questions conducted inside UK manufacturing companies are examined. This article illustrates the definition of lean production and worker requirements in lean environment.
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Jaafar, Rabiatul Adawiyah, Ismi I. Ihsan, Ahmad M. Samsuri, Nik S. N. Mahadi und Muhammad A. Ayub. „Design and Development of Actuator System for Automated Polypropylene Bag Assembly Machine“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 899 (Juni 2020): 50–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.899.50.
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Polypropylene bags are widely used in many industries especially in agriculture and food industry. However, industries especially in food or fertilizer industries, need to use the polypropylene bags that can withstand a high level of humidity. To overcome this problem, a two-layers bag is required. This two-layers bag consists of outer layer woven bag and inner layer polypropylene bag. Currently they are produced by using conventional method where they are assembled manually by the workers. This manual method causes longer production time process, a high number of workers, and higher cost for mass production. To enhance the operation performance, automated polypropylene bags assembly system is proposed. By using an automated system, it can improve quality and consistency of processes, and reduced direct human labor costs and expenses where the worker is unneeded for assembling the polypropylene bag. To overcome this problem, this project is dedicated to design and develop a new Automated Polypropylene Bag Assembly Machine (APBAM) to operate the process automatically. This machine will execute three main processes - Grasping, Handling and Feeding. This paper will focus on the design of pneumatic actuator for grasping polypropylene bags in upward and downward motion. The design will be calibrated, analyzed and evaluated. The design of automated polypropylene bags assembly system will help to solve some of the problems that have been identified.
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Cevikcan, Emre, und Mehmet Bulent Durmusoglu. „A novel optimization approach for segmented rabbit chase oriented U-type assembly line design: an application from lighting industry“. Assembly Automation 40, Nr. 3 (02.05.2020): 483–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aa-02-2019-0020.
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Purpose Rabbit chase (RC) is used as one of the most effective techniques in manufacturing systems, as such systems have high level of adaptability and increased productivity in addition to providing uniform workload balancing and skill improving environment. In assembly systems, RC inspires the development of walking worker assembly line (WWAL). On the other hand, U-type assembly lines (UALs) may provide higher worker utilization, lower space requirement and more convenient internal logistics when compared to straight assembly lines. In this context, this study aims to improve assembly line performance by generating RC cycles on WWAL with respect to task assignment characteristics of UAL within reasonable walking distance and space requirement. Therefore, a novel line configuration, namely, segmented rabbit chase-oriented U-type assembly line (SRCUAL), emerges. Design/methodology/approach The mathematical programming approach treats SRCUAL balancing problem in a hierarchical manner to decrease computational burden. Firstly, segments are generated via the first linear programming model in the solution approach for balancing SRCUALs to minimize total number of workers. Then, stations are determined within each segment for forward and backward sections separately using two different pre-emptive goal programming models. Moreover, three heuristics are developed to provide solution quality with computational efficiency. Findings The proposed mathematical programming approach is applied to the light-emitting diode (LED) luminaire assembly section of a manufacturing company. The adaptation of SRCUAL decreased the number of workers by 15.4% and the space requirement by 17.7% for LED luminaire assembly system when compared to UAL. Moreover, satisfactory results for the proposed heuristics were obtained in terms of deviation from lower bound, especially for SRCUAL heuristics I and II. Moreover, the results indicate that the integration of RC not only decreased the number of workers in 40.28% (29 instances) of test problems in U-lines, but also yielded less number of buffer points (48.48%) with lower workload deviation (75%) among workers in terms of coefficient of variation. Practical implications This study provides convenience for capacity management (assessing capacity and adjusting capacity by changing the number of workers) for industrial SRCUAL applications. Meanwhile, SRCUAL applications give the opportunity to increase the capacity for a product or transfer the saved capacity to the assembly of other products. As it is possible to provide one-piece flow with equal workloads via walking workers, SRCUAL has the potential for quick realization of defects and better lead time performance. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, forward–backward task assignments in U-type lines have not been adapted to WWALs. Moreover, as workers travel overall the line in WWALs, walking time increases drastically. Addressing this research gap and limitation, the main innovative aspect of this study can be considered as the proposal of a new line design (i.e. SRCUAL) which is sourced from the hybridization of UALs and WWAL as well as the segmentation of the line with RC cycles. The superiority of SRCUAL over WWAL and UAL was also discussed. Moreover, operating systematic for SRCUAL was devised. As for methodical aspect, this study is the first attempt to solve the balancing problem for SRCUAL design.
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Yilmaz, Hamid, und Mustafa Yilmaz. „A multi-manned assembly line balancing problem with classified teams: a new approach“. Assembly Automation 36, Nr. 1 (01.02.2016): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aa-04-2015-035.
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Purpose – Within team-oriented approaches, tasks are assigned to teams before being assigned to workstations as a reality of industry. So it becomes clear, which workers assemble which tasks. Design/methodology/approach – Team numbers of the assembly line can increase with the number of tasks, but at the same time, due to physical situations of the stations, there will be limitations of maximum working team numbers in a station. For this purpose, heuristic assembly line balancing (ALB) procedure is used and mathematical model is developed for the problem. Findings – Well-known assembly line test problems widely used in the literature are solved to indicate the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed approach in practice. Originality/value – This paper draws attention to ALB problem in which workers have been assigned to teams in advance due to the need for specialized skills or equipment on the line for the first time.
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Peng, Yinni, und Susanne Y. P. Choi. „Mobile Phone Use among Migrant Factory Workers in South China: Technologies of Power and Resistance“. China Quarterly 215 (23.07.2013): 553–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741013000738.
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AbstractComparing ethnographic and interview data in three contrasting production arrangements in a labour-intensive factory in South China, this article argues that while the mobile phone constitutes a new contested terrain on the shop floor and facilitates control and resistance between capital and labour simultaneously, the dynamics of control and resistance is contingent upon the exact arrangements of production. While the management strictly prohibit line operators in the assembly line department from using their mobile phones, they turn a blind eye towards mobile phone use among workers in the hardware department, and mandate mobile workers who are not fixed at work stations in both departments to use mobile phones. Diverse managerial control tactics have generated different patterns of worker resistance. Workers in the assembly line department employ strategies to evade managerial surveillance and continue to use mobile phones at work covertly. They also contest the double standards of mobile phone use displayed by the management. Workers in the hardware department challenge the boundaries of legitimate mobile phone use, and mobile workers use tactics to escape being tracked down by the management via their mobile phones. Mobile phones also facilitate the strategy of resistance through exit among all workers.
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Venter, Lieschen, und Stephan Visagie. „Optimal assignment and scheduling of workers and tasks on an assembly line“. Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif vir Natuurwetenskap en Tegnologie 28, Nr. 1 (02.09.2009): 64–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/satnt.v28i1.48.
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In this paper the assignment of cross-trained and temporary workers to tasks on an assembly line is investigated. Cross-trained workers are skilled to perform more than one task on the assembly line in the production process. Temporary workers are viewed as either trained or untrained and may be hired or laid off as required. The solution procedure may be divided into three parts. During the first part a model is formulated to determine an optimal assignment of the workers to the production tasks. During the second part the model is extended to determine the effect of the assignment of both trained and untrained temporary workers to the tasks on the assembly line. During the final part of the model an optimal sequence of tasks in the assembly line is determined that minimises the resulting execution times of these tasks. During the first part the objective is to maximise the total production utility. This is achieved by implementing a two-phase model. The first phase maximises the utility of pro-duction by minimising labour shortage in the assembly line. During the second phase the improvement of the workers’ levels of skill is maximised while the effect of the learning and forgetting of skills is taken into consideration. A learn-forget-curve model (LFCM) is implemented to model the effect of this human characteristic on the master model. This approach ensures that the advantageous cross-trained nature of the workers is maintained and optimized, without a large deviation from the solution determined by the first phase. The objective of the second part is to minimise the labour cost of production by determin-ing the best type of workers for a certain task as well as the manner in which they should be hired or laid off. A worker is classified as either permanently or temporarily employed. Tem-porarily employed workers are further classified as either untrained or cross-trained workers. The assignment of workers to tasks on the assembly line is achieved by means of a Master Production Scheduling (MPS) model. The MPS has as its objective the minimisation of the total labour cost of performing all the tasks. The labour cost is defined as the sum of the temporary workers’ daily wages, the overtime cost of permanent workers, the overtime cost of temporary workers and the cost of employing and laying off temporary workers. Finally, during the third part an optimal sequence of tasks is determined in the production process in order to minimise the total production time. This is achieved by means of a two-phase dynamic assembly line balancing model, which is adjusted to incorporate the critical path method. During the first phase, an optimal task sequence is determined, while during the second phase, an optimal assignment of tasks to workstations and the timing thereof, is determined. The practical applicability of the model is demonstrated by means of a real life case study. The production of various styles of shoes in a leatherworks factory is considered. The production of each style requires a different set of tasks and each task requires a different level of skill. The factory under consideration employs both cross-trained and temporary workers and data sets were obtained empirically by observation, interviews and questionnaires. Upon execution of the first phase of the assignment model, an optimal utility is found and the second phase is able to maximise the increase of the workers’ skill level without deviation from this optimum. Upon execution of the employment model, it is found that labour costs are minimized by increasing the use of temporary workers and by assigning the maximum allowable number of overtime hours to them. Upon application of the scheduling model, an improved time is obtained compared to the standard execution time of each style. The results obtained from the case study indicate that the application of the model presented in this paper shows a substantial improvement in production, while reducing the cost of labour as well as improving the overall level of workers’ skills. A multi-objective model is thus developed which successfully maximises production utility, maximises skill development of workers, minimises labour costs and the occurrence of idle workers as well as minimises total execution time.
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Yamazaki, Yasunori. „Development and Applications of the SCARA Robot“. Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 26, Nr. 2 (20.04.2014): 127–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2014.p0127.
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In the 1980s, when the author worked for Seiko Epson Corporation as a wristwatch production engineer, consumer needs had become so diversified that wristwatches had to be assembled on the same automated assembly line in small lots of about 10,000 pieces per month. Most of the robots available in those days were for processing purposes such as spot welding and were not applicable in practical terms to automated assembly lines for wristwatches in precision, speed, ease of use or cost. The prototype SCARA robot developed by the SCARA Study Group led by Dr. Hiroshi Makino, a professor at the Department of Precision Engineering at Yamanashi University, was found to be the most suitable for automated watch assembly lines. We reviewed assembly work procedures and succeeded in limiting the number of simultaneous control axes to four at a maximum and in cutting assembly costs to 60% of those of conventional processing robots. As the term “selective compliance” suggests, SCARA robots possess all of the functions necessary for stable assembly and for precision and speed. Development team members, including the author, made the most use of previous experience in developing dedicated automated assembly machines for in-house use and succeeded in developing practical SCARA robots by creating a robot language based on workers’ voice. In applications of SCARA robots, this paper introduces just two of many possible examples. One is for oiling work on manual assembly lines and the other is the TAF-M mixed-models wristwatch assembly line. In the oiling work application example, SCARA robots used for infinitesimal oiling work on a manual assembly line for small lots of luxury wristwatches have been found to be very cost-effective and useful for training operators and/or programmers for robots. The TAFM application example represents the assembly line built based on the original Seiko-Epson purpose for introducing SCARA robot development, which consists of both robots and of 52 newly developed “assembly robot cells” where most assembly work should be done. An assembly robot cell includes a SCARA robot, a main conveyor, a multiple-parts feeder, an automatic hand changer, an assembly detection unit, etc. At present, one such assembly line automatically assembles more than 100 models of wristwatches. Use of such automated assembly lines has reduced the human workforce by about 40 workers, cut costs by over 60%, and shortened delivery time by about 50%.
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Du, He, Reina L. Tong, Xueyi Huang, Bingrong Liu, Runmei Huang und Zhiqiang Li. „Methoprene-Induced Genes in Workers of Formosan Subterranean Termites (Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki)“. Insects 11, Nr. 2 (21.01.2020): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11020071.
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Termites have a distinct polyphenism controlled by concise hormonal and molecular mechanisms. Workers undergo double molts to transform into soldiers (worker–presoldier–soldier). Juvenile hormone analogs, such as methoprene, can induce workers to transform into presoldiers. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the worker-to-presoldier transformation in Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki is still not clear. We sequenced the transcriptome of workers four days after they had fed on methoprene-treated filter paper and control group workers, which fed on acetone-treated filter paper. The transcriptome of C. formosanus was assembled using the de novo assembly method. Expression levels of unigenes in the methoprene-treated group and the control group were compared. The differentially expressed genes were further analyzed by Gene Ontology (GO) term enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis. Tetrapyrrole binding, oxidoreductase activity, and metal ion binding were the only three enriched GO terms. Juvenile hormone synthesis was the first ranked enriched pathway. Carbohydrate, amino acid, and lipid metabolism pathways were also enriched. These three pathways may be related to fat body development, which is critical for presoldier formation. Our results have demonstrated the significance of JH synthesis pathways, and pathways related to fat body development in the artificial induction of presoldiers.
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Du, Yan Wei, und Xian Long Xu. „Application Research of Personal Learning Curve in Staff Skill Testing“. Advanced Materials Research 433-440 (Januar 2012): 3200–3205. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.433-440.3200.
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According to the characteristics of many varieties small batch production, the assembly workers with operating accurate, coordination and strong learning ability are needed in a manual assembly line. Some scientific operating skills test is used to evaluate staff in recruitment, working hours formulate and performance evaluation. The origins and definition of learning curve were introduced. The characteristics of operation skills were analyzed. The mirror painting instrument was used to test the learning ability of workers for new operation skills. Workers were asked to face the graphics within the mirror, and to depict the graphics using the testing pen. The mistake number and the operation time were recorded. Learning curves were drawn out. Everyone worker movement skills forming process was analyzed on the basis of the above data. The test process and analyze conclusion provide the scientific basis and the decision support for the enterprises.
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Costa, Alysson M., und Cristóbal Miralles. „Job rotation in assembly lines employing disabled workers“. International Journal of Production Economics 120, Nr. 2 (August 2009): 625–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2009.04.013.
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Corominas, Albert, Rafael Pastor und Joan Plans. „Balancing assembly line with skilled and unskilled workers“. Omega 36, Nr. 6 (Dezember 2008): 1126–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.omega.2006.03.003.
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Kolbeinsson, Ari, Peter Thorvald und Jessica Lindblom. „Coordinating the interruption of assembly workers in manufacturing“. Applied Ergonomics 58 (Januar 2017): 361–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2016.07.015.
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Parenmark, G., B. Engvall und A. K. Malmkvist. „Ergonomic on-the-job training of assembly workers“. Applied Ergonomics 19, Nr. 2 (Juni 1988): 143–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-6870(88)90008-7.
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Cevikcan, Emre. „A mathematical programming approach for walking-worker assembly systems“. Assembly Automation 34, Nr. 1 (28.01.2014): 56–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aa-07-2013-067.
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Purpose – It has become increasingly critical to design and maintain flexible and rapid assembly systems due to unpredictable and varying market conditions. The first stage of developing such systems is to restructure the existing assembly system. After designing the manufacturing system, efforts should be made for capacity adjustments to meet the demand in terms of allocating tasks to workers. Walking-worker assembly systems can be regarded as an effective method to achieve flexibility and agility via rabbit chase (RC) approach in which workers follow each other around the assembly cell or line and perform each task in sequence. In this paper, a novel mathematical programming approach is developed with the aim of integrating RC in assembly processes. Therefore, this study is thought to add value to industrial assembly systems in terms of effectively raising engineering control for task allocation activities. Design/methodology/approach – Two consecutive mathematical models are developed, since such a hierarchical approach provides computational convenience for the problem. The initial mathematical programming model determines the number of workers in each RC loop for each segment. In addition, the number of stations and the distribution of station times in the segments is essential. Therefore, the succeeding mathematical programming model generates stations in each segment and provides convenience for the workflow in RC loops. The output of mathematical programming models are the parameters of simulation model for performance assessment. Findings – The effectiveness of the proposed approach was validated by an application in a real-life chair production system. The application resulted in performance improvements for labour requirement (12.5 per cent) and production lead time (9.6 per cent) when compared to a classical assembly system design (CASD) where one stationary worker exists in each station. In addition, it is worth to note that RC leads to a reduced number of workers for a considerable number (39.4 per cent) of test problems. What is more, input as well as output factors have been determined via discriminant analysis and their impacts to the utilization of RC were analyzed for different levels. Practical implications – This study is thought to add value to the industry in terms of effectively providing convenience during production planning and task allocation in assembly lines and cells. Originality/value – To the best knowledge of the author, optimization models for RC considering a real industrial application have not yet been developed. In this context, this paper presents an approach which models RC by the use of mathematical programming in manual assembly processes to address this research gap. The contribution of the paper to the relevant literature is the development of hierarchical mixed integer linear programming models to solve RC problem for the first time.
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Choi, Jae Wook, Yorig Tae Yum, Dong Bin Spng, Jong Tae Park, Soung Hoon Chang und Jung Ae Choi. „Musculoskeletal Diseases of Upper Extremities Among the Electronic Assembly Workers and Telecommunication Workers“. Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 8, Nr. 2 (1996): 301. http://dx.doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1996.8.2.301.
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Lušić, Mario, Rüdiger Hornfeck, Christian Fischer und Jörg Franke. „Lean Information Management of Manual Assembly Processes: Creating IT-Based Information Systems for Assembly Staff Simultaneous to the Product Engineering Process“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 421 (September 2013): 546–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.421.546.
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T-based work instruction systems help to transfer the diversity of information for workers in an effective manner. In this way, the worker is supported in the comprehension of the task, which leads to such systems receiving increased recognition from manufacturing companies. However, the currently available worker information systems make no statement about how to involve their information processing early in the development process. Because to this, the basic idea of simultaneous engineering could be feasible and a partially automated, timely and cost-effective processing of assembly relevant information could occur. The approach of the development process-oriented, computer integrated documentation and visualisation process for assembly processes (CIV process) consider this problem field and add an innovative contribution.
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Shikdar, A. A., und M. A. Al-Hadhrami. „Operator Performance and Satisfaction in an Ergonomically Designed Assembly Workstation“. Journal of Engineering Research [TJER] 2, Nr. 1 (01.12.2005): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/tjer.vol2iss1pp69-76.
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The objective of this study was to investigate the effects on operator performance and satisfaction of an ergonomically designed workstation for performing a repetitive industrial assembly task. Experiments were conducted in a company with industrial workers using existing and newly developed workstations. Operator performance on the ergonomically designed workstation was 27% higher compared to the existing non-ergonomically designed workstation. Worker satisfaction score was also improved by 41% in the ergonomically designed workstation condition. The new workstation for a repetitive assembly task had highly significant positive effect on worker performance and satisfaction. Special features of the ergonomically designed assembly workstation were an adjustable and adequate worktable, an adjustable and ergonomically designed chair, ergonomically designed hand tools and a systematic layout of the workstation components.
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Hogreve, Sebastian, Simon Kaczmarek, Jannes Adam, Linus Franz, Tim Döllen, Henning Paulus, Vincent Reinkemeyer und Kirsten Tracht. „Controlling and Assisting Manual Assembly Processes by Automated Progress and Gesture Recognition“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 840 (Juni 2016): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.840.50.
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The digital progress monitoring of manual assembly processes at goods with huge dimensions is a challenging task. The paper presents an approach using 3D-image sensors for gesture control and progress recognition. The developed system is able to avoid time and effort consuming walks of workers between assembly objects and computer terminals. Progress recognition of assembly processes is realized by interpreting the movements of the workers’ hands and by detecting the passing of defined coordinates within the assembly and warehouse areas.
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Sorostinean, Radu, Arpad Gellert und Bogdan-Constantin Pirvu. „Assembly Assistance System with Decision Trees and Ensemble Learning“. Sensors 21, Nr. 11 (21.05.2021): 3580. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21113580.
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This paper presents different prediction methods based on decision tree and ensemble learning to suggest possible next assembly steps. The predictor is designed to be a component of a sensor-based assembly assistance system whose goal is to provide support via adaptive instructions, considering the assembly progress and, in the future, the estimation of user emotions during training. The assembly assistance station supports inexperienced manufacturing workers, but it can be useful in assisting experienced workers, too. The proposed predictors are evaluated on the data collected in experiments involving both trainees and manufacturing workers, as well as on a mixed dataset, and are compared with other existing predictors. The novelty of the paper is the decision tree-based prediction of the assembly states, in contrast with the previous algorithms which are stochastic-based or neural. The results show that ensemble learning with decision tree components is best suited for adaptive assembly support systems.
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Vazquez, Michelle, und Marc L. Resnick. „Supporting Flexible Assembly through Human Factors“. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 41, Nr. 1 (Oktober 1997): 561–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181397041001124.
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There is a growing trend in many industries to expand the diversity of product offerings to meet widespread customer needs. This trend has increased the need for flexibility in manufacturing processes. Advances in flexible automation have far outpaced the research supporting flexibility in the manual operations that are required alongside automation. The objective of this study was to test a real-time computer support system that provided interactive assembly instructions through a graphical user interface combining text and illustration for workers on a flexible assembly line. The interface simplifies the expertise required of an assembly worker by replacing complex blueprints with simple directions and illustrations, thus supporting the rapid introduction of new products and the assembly of a wide variety of parts with minimal off-line training. The results of the study strongly support the use of this type of system. Assembly times were significantly reduced, in most cases by over 50%. Furthermore, assembly errors were virtually eliminated.
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Carrasquillo, Vernnaliz, Thomas J. Armstrong und S. Jack Hu. „Effect of customer demand in a self-paced mass customization assembly line on worker posture and recovery time“. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 60, Nr. 1 (September 2016): 913. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931213601209.
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Aims: This study aimed to evaluate worker posture, hand activity level (HAL), and recovery time on workers of a hospital kitchen with an asynchronous indexing assembly line during periods of different customer demand. Background: Workers in hospital kitchens use their hands to prepare and transport food around the kitchen. Unsteady customer demand leads to times when workers are continuously busy with little recovery. These working conditions result in high joint loads and insufficient recovery, causes of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) (NCRC, 2001). Injuries caused by repetitive motion and overexertion are the greatest source of reported injuries (Bureau of Labor and Statistics, 2014). In spite of this, studies have not examined the effect of workplace design, production volume variations, and product complexity and their effect on workers’ exposure to these risk factors. A study at a hospital kitchen mixed-model continuous moving assembly line found that the frequency of reaching increased and the recovery time decreased as variations increased (Carrasquillo, Armstrong, and Hu, 2011). Methods: An observation study was conducted at a hospital kitchen with 2 principal areas: food preparation and tray assembly. High and low demand periods were identified from historical data. Workers were video recorded during each demand period. Videos were used to calculate frequency of reaching and recovery time, and to rate the hand activity level (HAL). Reaches were categorized as: (1) Lower arm, (2) Upper arm, (3) Torso twist/bent. The upper arm and torso twist/bent reaches were further categorized into necessary and unnecessary. Results: HAL – Overall, it increased by 1.2 (from 5 to 6.2) as the demand increased (p < 0.05). Reach - The proportions of unnecessary upper arm and torso reaches were not significantly affected by changes in demand (p > 0.05). Recovery time – Increase in customer demand resulted in a decrease in the proportion of recovery time (p < 0.05). Overall, recovery decreased from 40% to 22%. Discussion and conclusion: Results show that HAL increased as the customer demand increased except for the worker on tray station 2, who had no significant difference between the two periods. This worker was required to wait for meals to be cooked before her job could be completed. This resulted in a greater amount of recovery (37% - 53%). In contrast, the proportion of unnecessary reaches did not change significantly with demand. However, the upper arm and the torso to bend/twist reaches represented more than half of the reaches. While many of them were necessary, >20% were unnecessary. In this assembly line, workers were in control of the pace and recovery time was available more than 10% of the time, factors that reduce workers’ exposure to risk of WMSDs. Although previous studies have found self-paced work increased risk due to decreased recovery (Dempsey, Mathiassen, Jackson, and O’Brian, 2010), this work demonstrated that it might not be the sole factor affecting risk. When products and production time vary and workers must wait for process (cooking), self-pacing appears to provide workers with some control over the frequency of unnecessarily reaching and recovery time.
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Sharifian, Akbar, Marjan Firoozeh, Gholamreza Pouryaghoub, Mehran Shahryari, Mohsen Rahimi, Mohammad Hesamian und Ali Fardi. „Restless Legs Syndrome in shift workers: A cross sectional study on male assembly workers“. Journal of Circadian Rhythms 7 (14.09.2009): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1740-3391-7-12.
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Turk, Maja, Miha Pipan, Marko Simic und Niko Herakovic. „A Smart Algorithm for Personalizing the Workstation in the Assembly Process“. Applied Sciences 10, Nr. 23 (02.12.2020): 8624. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10238624.
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Due to increasing competition in the global market and to meet the need for rapid changes in product variability, it is necessary to introduce self-configurable and smart solutions within the entire process chain, including manual assembly to ensure the more efficient and ergonomic performance of the manual assembly process. This paper presents a smart assembly system including newly developed smart manual assembly workstation controlled by a smart algorithm. The smart assembly workstation is self-configurable according to the anthropometry of the individual worker, the complexity of the assembly process, the product characteristics, and the product structure. The results obtained by a case study show that is possible to organize manual assembly process with rapid adaptation of the smart assembly system to new products and workers characteristics, to achieve ergonomic working conditions through Digital Human Modelling (DHM), to minimize assembly time, and to prevent error during the assembly process. The proposed system supports the manual assembly process redesign to ensure a better working environment and aims to have an important value for applying the smart algorithms to manual assembly workstations in human-centered manufacturing systems.
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Sugi, Masao, Ippei Matsumura, Yusuke Tamura, Tamio Arai und Jun Ota. „Usability Analysis of Information on Worker’s Hands in Animated Assembly Manuals“. International Journal of Automation Technology 12, Nr. 4 (03.07.2018): 524–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2018.p0524.
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This study considered animated manuals among the assembly manuals used in the manufacturing industry, which is one of the important components for enhancing service productivity in the task teaching process. In particular, it focused on information that pertained to the worker’s hands. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of the inclusion of hand information for assembly workers and to elucidate on the effectiveness of the provision of hand information in assembly manuals. The subjective experimental results from four participants demonstrated that hand information was beneficial either when the presentation of such information was sufficiently easy for users to comprehend or when unstable parts have to be held by the hands.
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Feldman, Robert G., Patricia Hyland Travers, Jeannette Chirico-Post und W. Monroe Keyserling. „Risk assessment in electronic assembly workers: Carpal tunnel syndrome“. Journal of Hand Surgery 12, Nr. 5 (September 1987): 849–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0363-5023(87)80247-2.
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Werner, Robert A., Nancy Gell, Anne Hartigan, Neal Wiggerman und William M. Keyserling. „Risk Factors for Plantar Fasciitis Among Assembly Plant Workers“. PM&R 2, Nr. 2 (Februar 2010): 110–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pmrj.2009.11.012.
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Palsson, B. „Sick-leave and disability pensions among female assembly workers“. European Journal of Public Health 7, Nr. 2 (01.06.1997): 162–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/7.2.162.
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Kalish, Julia A. „Simulation of Pregnant Workers Performing a Standing Assembly Task“. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 53, Nr. 18 (Oktober 2009): 1215–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120905301811.
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