Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Asia (peru)“

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Asia (peru)"

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Mauricio Pachas, Pablo. „DESAFIOS PARA EL PERU: APEC Y TLC“. Gestión en el Tercer Milenio 9, Nr. 17 (17.07.2006): 31–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15381/gtm.v9i17.9321.

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Son pocos los que conocen la importancia del Foro de Cooperación Económica del Asia Pacífico (APEC); ya que más se ha discutido sobre el Tratado de Libre Comercio (TLC) con Estados Unidos. En el presente artículo se señala la importancia de Asia en la economía mundial; se realiza una breve caracterización de los principales mercados asiáticos (China, Japón, Corea del Sur y Taiwán), y se analizan las posibilidades del Perú de constituirse en una plataforma estratégica para el comercio sudamericano con Asia, en el marco de la APEC. Asimismo, se discute las expectativas de abrir nuevos mercados con los principales bloques comerciales a través de Tratados de Libre Comercio.
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KIKUCHI, HIROKAZU. „The Representation of East Asia in Latin American Legislatures“. Issues & Studies 53, Nr. 01 (März 2017): 1740005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1013251117400057.

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What is the representation of East Asia in Latin American legislatures? Existing studies have focused on individual politicians of East Asian descent such as Alberto Fujimori, former president of Peru, but no systematic research has been done on the political representation of East Asia in Latin America. In order to fill this gap, this study analyzes the descriptive and substantive aspects of East Asian representation in Latin America. For the descriptive dimension, this article reviews the composition of legislators of East Asian descent in each Latin American country and finds that people of Japanese descent are “overrepresented” in the Peruvian and Argentine lower houses, while people of Korean and Chinese descent are underrepresented. Using the Brazilian Chamber of Deputies as an example, this study also reveals that deputies of East Asian descent differ from other deputies in terms of their political careers. As for the substantive dimension, this study focuses on Brazilian deputies’ responses to the Twin Ocean Railroad project, one of the largest Chinese infrastructure projects in Latin America. The statistical test performed in this study shows that the deputies tend to be members of the Brazil–Peru–China Pro-Twin Ocean Railroad Caucus if they are affiliated with the Brazil–Japan Caucus, if they are from a wealthier state, or if their performance in the last election was good. In addition, they are not likely to be members of the caucus if they are affiliated with the Partido da Social Democracia Brasileira (PSDB), an important opposition party.
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Fideli, Roberto. „Elezioni nel mondo – Gennaio-Giugno 2001“. Quaderni dell'Osservatorio elettorale QOE - IJES 47, Nr. 2 (31.10.2002): 129–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/qoe-12773.

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STEVENSON, HAROLD W., und CHUANSHENG CHEN. „Literacy Acquisition in Peru, Asia, and the United States“. ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 520, Nr. 1 (März 1992): 174–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716292520001018.

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Bolgherini, Silvia. „Elezioni nel mondo – Gennaio-Giugno 2011“. Quaderni dell'Osservatorio elettorale QOE - IJES 67, Nr. 1 (30.06.2012): 137–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/qoe-9784.

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Fideli, Roberto. „Elezioni nel mondo – Gennaio-Giugno 2000“. Quaderni dell'Osservatorio elettorale QOE - IJES 45, Nr. 2 (30.09.2001): 113–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/qoe-12791.

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Thor, G. „A New Species of Lichenostigma, A Lichenicolous Ascomycete“. Lichenologist 17, Nr. 3 (Oktober 1985): 269–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0024282985000342.

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AbstractLichenostigma rugosa sp. nov. is reported from Europe, North Africa, Asia and the USA. Only one species of Lichenostigma, L. maureri, from Europe and Asia, was previously known. L. rugosa differs chiefly in having spores with deep irregular fissures. L. maureri is reported for the first time from South America (Argentina, Peru), the British Isles and Sweden.
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Bolgherini, Silvia. „Elezioni nel mondo – Gennaio-Giugno 2006“. Quaderni dell'Osservatorio elettorale QOE - IJES 57, Nr. 1 (30.06.2007): 123–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/qoe-10226.

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Europe: Cyprus, Czech Republic, Finland, Hungary, Portugal, Slovakia, Ukraine; Africa: Benin, Cape Verde; Americas: Canada, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Peru; Asia: Israel, Thailand.
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Carazas, Pedro Miguel. „Comercio potencial de servicios del Perú con el Asia Pacífico“. Cuadernos de difusión 13, Nr. 24 (30.06.2008): 113–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.46631/jefas.2008.v13n24.06.

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Services account for 47% of global output and, as per several studies conducted, the liberalization of their trade brings more advantages than trade in goods. Despite of this fact, there has been little research on the subject, and the defi nition of services has remained controversial. Peru sticks to global trend, as services represent 65% of GDP and 75% of EAP. Moreover, the development of tertiary sector is essential to attain a hub position. This paper is aimed at identifying the potential trade in services with Asia Pacifi c, based on trade and liberalization indicators –this region accounts for nearly 18% of current world trade–. It considers the commercial behavior of Peru, as well as that of Chile and Colombia, which are regarded as competitors in their condition of «access platform» to the Andean sub region. It is concluded that there are many possibilities to intensify relations with Asia Pacifi c and policy recommendations that should be taken into account by the Peruvian foreign policy are provided.
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Phadungsombat, Juthamas, Huong Thi Thu Vu, Quynh Thi Nguyen, Ha Thi Van Nguyen, Ha Thi Nhu Nguyen, Bich Thi Dang, Emi E. Nakayama et al. „Molecular Characterization of Dengue Virus Strains from the 2019–2020 Epidemic in Hanoi, Vietnam“. Microorganisms 11, Nr. 5 (11.05.2023): 1267. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11051267.

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Dengue virus (DENV), which has circulated in Vietnam for several decades, has multiple serotypes and genotypes. A 2019 dengue outbreak resulted in a larger number of cases than any other outbreak. We conducted a molecular characterization using samples collected in 2019–2020 from dengue patients in Hanoi and nearby cities located in northern Vietnam. The circulating serotypes were DENV-1 (25%, n = 22) and DENV-2 (73%, n = 64). Phylogenetic analyses revealed that all DENV-1 (n = 13) were genotype I and clustered to local strains circulating during the previous outbreak in the 2017, whereas DENV-2 consisted of two genotypes: Asian-I (n = 5), related to local strains from 2006–2022, and cosmopolitan (n = 18), the predominant genotype in this epidemic. The current cosmopolitan virus was identified as having an Asian-Pacific lineage. The virus was closely related to strains in other recent outbreaks in Southeast Asian countries and China. Multiple introductions occurred in 2016–2017, which were possibly from maritime Southeast Asia (Indonesia, Singapore, and Malaysia), mainland Southeast Asia (Cambodia and Thailand), or China, rather than from an expansion of localized Vietnamese cosmopolitan strains that were previously detected in the 2000s. We also analyzed the genetic relationship between Vietnam’s cosmopolitan strain and recent global strains reported from Asia, Oceania, Africa, and South America. This analysis revealed that viruses of Asian-Pacific lineage are not restricted to Asia but have spread to Peru and Brazil in South America.
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Dissertationen zum Thema "Asia (peru)"

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Irwin, Samuel Lewis. „Material Prerequisites and the Transition to Compact Urbanism: An Investigation of Four Regional Centres“. Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/29684.

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This thesis is an investigation into the material prerequisite adaptations required for a transition to compact urban sedentism to occur, as outlined in Roland Fletcher’s foundational theory: The Interaction-Communication Limit Model. The model proposes that there are distinct limits that restrict the population density and the areal extent of a settlement. These limits are defined by the finite capacity for humans to process and respond to signals. These signals emanate from the settlement environment, its layout, form, features and the inhabitants of the settlement themselves. The growth of a settlement exponentially increases the stress an individual experiences as the density of the site increases. A community in a dense and compact settlement cannot grow to exceed this limit and expect to remain sustainable. Thus, the material environment must be adapted to produce more predictable social contexts; a means with which to control the signal load of a dense urban community. The adaptations must emerge prior to the settlement reaching its I-C limit to maintain sustainable growth. This study focusses on the period between the 1Ha and 100Ha transition, according to Fletcher’s model, from early sedentary villages to city-states in Southwest Asia, China, Mesoamerica, and Peru. These four centres of sedentary transitions were chosen of the six generally accepted compact urban centres to generate a geographically far-reaching dataset within the time limitations of a master’s degree: with the illustrations and definitions of Fletcher’s work as a standard for identification and cataloguing of material prerequisites. In practice, this study sought to categorise and identify the accumulation of instances of prerequisite adaptations in the material record of each region over time, in order to assess whether the emergence of these prerequisites is random, or the result of a process. These material prerequisites have been organised into three umbrella categories. Using these categories, this study graphically maps the accumulation of material prerequisites over time to test the I-C model as well as discuss the implications of such an accumulation. Ultimately, the interregional nature of this study can also allow for comparison of the material record to identify global patterns in trajectories of settlement growth.
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Silva, Patricia Weckerlin e. „Uso de sulfato de cobre e de zinco na biodeterioraçao da Catedral de San Francisco de Asis de Ayaviri - Peru“. reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/28837.

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Resumo: O presente trabalho estudou o efeito dos sulfatos de cobre e de zinco no controle da população de fungos e bactérias que causam biodeterioração em rochas traquitos e riodacitos da Catedral de San Francisco de Asis, cidade de Ayaviri, província de Melgar, Peru. Os objetivos propostos foram 1) estudar os efeitos do tratamento das rochas da Catedral por meio do uso de diferentes concentrações de sulfato de cobre e zinco, 2) estudos de isolamento, determinação e antibiograma de fungos biodegradadores. Este trabalho destina-se a contribuir com os profissionais que atuam na área da preservação de patrimônios históricos. O experimento foi conduzido em três paredes da Catedral de Ayaviri construídas em rochas magmáticas traquitos e riodacitos. Foram retiradas amostras após 24 horas e 7 dias da aplicação dos tratamentos à base de sulfato de cobre e zinco em diferentes concentrações, procedeu-se à tomada de amostras da rocha inoculadas em meio de martin líquido. Sete dias após a incubação, procedeu-se à contagem dos microrganismos utilizando a técnica do número mais provável (NMP), para verificação do efeito dos tratamentos na população de microrganismos. Não houve diferença da testemunha para as amostras em que foram aplicados os tratamentos, após 24 horas e 7 dias. Para complementação dos dados foi realizado um antibiograma que apresentou controle fungistático para microrganismos estudados e foram repicados em placas contendo meio de martin sólido. As colônias foram isoladas e repicadas em tubos de ensaio inclinados contendo o meio de cultura Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA). Posteriormente foram enviadas ao Laboratório de Coleção de Culturas de Fungos do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (RJ) para determinação. Os fungos oriundos da Catedral de Ayaviri foram determinadas como Aspergillus fumigatus e Aspergillus versicolor. Mesmo com diferente eficácia, todos os tratamentos apresentaram-se viáveis na avaliação visual, já que não provocaram alteração da coloração original da rocha. Os resultados do antibiograma indicaram que os tratamentos com solução de sulfato de cobre a 3%, 5% e sulfato de cobre a 5% mais sulfato de zinco a 5% apresentaram valores estatisticamente iguais e ação fungistática para a preservação das rochas da Catedral, com exceção do tratamento sulfato de cobre 0,5%.
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Grosser, Pierre. „La France et l'Indochine (1953-1956) : une "carte de visite" en "peau de chagrin"“. Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002IEPP0035.

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Diaz, Flores Rommel, und Luna David Ismael Rojas. „Relationship between adherence to an asthma management regimen and hospitalization in asthmatic children from a private clinic in Lima, Peru“. Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/655839.

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INTRODUCTION: Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects about 300 million people, where a significant proportion is the paediatric population. There are currently no studies in Peru where regimens seeking adherence to asthma control are related to a decrease in hospitalization. OBJECTIVES: Determine the relationship between adherence to an asthma management regimen and the incidence of hospitalization in asthmatic children aged 5 to 12 years in a private clinic in Lima, Peru. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study conducted at all headquarters of the private clinic. 388 patients between 5 and 12 years of age were included, of them 76 abandoned the asthma management regimen voluntarily during the study period. Therefore, 312 patients with asthma diagnosis who entered the asthma management regimen were obtained as a sample between 2012 and 2013. The exposure variable was adherence to the asthma management regimen, defined as attached to the patient who at least attends a medical visit every 2 months or 6 visits per year. The result variable (hospitalization) refers to the patient belonging to the regimen and entered at least 1 day in the hospitalized area in the period 2013-2018. Other variables we analyzed were sex, parent education, housing area, treatment, BMI (z-score) and asthma classification (GINA 2016). RESULTS: A total of 312 records of asthma patients were analyzed, where, 273 (87.50%) patients were properly attached to the asthma management regimen; and only 42 (13.46%) 39 (12.50%) were hospitalized patients were not attached to the asthma management regimen; 16 (41.03%) were hospitalized. In the bivariate and multivariate analysis, an association was found between hospitalization and adherence to the asthma management regimen (RR, 0.22, CI95%, 0.12 -0.43). CONCLUSIONS: Good adherence to medical visits from the asthma management regimen would be a protective factor to prevent hospitalization in paediatric patients aged 5 to 12 years.
INTRODUCCIÓN: El asma es una enfermedad inflamatoria crónica que afecta alrededor de 300 millones de personas, donde una proporción importante es la población pediátrica. En la actualidad no se cuenta con estudios en Perú donde los regímenes que buscan adherencia al control del asma están relacionados a una disminución de la hospitalización. OBJETIVOS: Determinar la relación entre adherencia a un régimen de manejo de asma y la incidencia de hospitalización en niños asmáticos de 5 a 12 años en una clínica privada de Lima, Perú. MÉTODOS: Estudio cohorte retrospectivo realizado en todas las sedes de la clínica privada. El régimen comprende una serie de consultas médicas en donde se les brinda educación y tratamiento de su enfermedad. Se incluyeron 388 pacientes de 5 a 12 años de edad, de ellos 76 abandonaron el régimen de manejo de asma de manera voluntaria durante el periodo del estudio. Por lo cual se obtuvo como muestra a 312 pacientes con diagnóstico de asma que ingresaron al régimen de manejo de asma entre el año 2012 al 2013. La variable de exposición fue adherencia al régimen de manejo de asma, se definió como adherido al paciente que por lo menos acude a una visita médica cada 2 meses o 6 visitas al año durante los años 2012 al 2013. La variable de resultado (hospitalización) se refiere al paciente que pertenece al régimen e ingresaba al menos 1 día al área de hospitalizados en el periodo 2013-2018. Otras variables que analizamos fueron sexo, educación de los padres, zona de vivienda, tratamiento, IMC (z-score) y la clasificación de asma (GINA 2016). RESULTADOS: Un total de 312 registros de pacientes con asma fueron analizados, en donde, 273 (87,50%) pacientes se encontraban correctamente adheridos al régimen de manejo de asma; y de ellos solo 42 (13,46%) se hospitalizaron, por otro lado, 39 (12.50%) pacientes no se encontraban adheridos al régimen de manejo de asma; y de ellos 16 (41.03%) se hospitalizaron. En el análisis bivariado y multivariado, se encontró asociación entre la hospitalización y la adherencia al régimen de manejo de asma (RR, 0,22, IC95%, 0,12 -0,43). CONCLUSIONES: Una buena adherencia a las visitas médicas del régimen de manejo de asma sería un factor protector para evitar la hospitalización en pacientes pediátricos de 5 a 12 años.
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Urcia, Erazo María Cecilia. „Aplicación del modelo de gravedad para el análisis de los determinantes del flujo de importaciones peruanas de origen asiático en el período 2000-2014“. Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2016. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/8484.

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La investigación trata de explicar el comportamiento de las importaciones peruanas desde Asia, las cuales han presentado una dinámica interesante en los últimos quince años. A través del análisis econométrico en diferentes especificaciones del Modelo de Gravedad, se comprobó que el tipo de cambio real bilateral, los aranceles de Nación Más Favorecida y los costos del comercio internacional fueron los determinantes más importantes para explicar el flujo de importaciones totales desde 22 países de Asia en el periodo 2000 – 2014. A nivel desagregado, los ingresos del Perú afectaron más a la importación de bienes intermedios y de capital, el tipo de cambio real bilateral tuvo un impacto positivo y significativo para la importación de bienes de capital, y la Crisis Financiera de EE.UU. afectó más a la importación de bienes intermedios. Destaca además el impacto significativo de los costos del comercio sobre los tres tipos de importación. El vínculo importador – proveedor asiático se puede seguir reforzando con mejoras en el desempeño logístico del Perú para facilitar el comercio y mayores vínculos con proveedores asiáticos de interés económico para diversificar el intercambio comercial. Se espera fomentar la investigación en las relaciones comerciales con el continente asiático, en especial enfocar a las importaciones no como una amenaza a la economía nacional sino como una oportunidad de generar mayor dinamismo en el intercambio comercial.
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Azad, Abul Kalam. „Determinants of Asian Democratisation (1981-2005)“. AUT University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/952.

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As a culturally distinctive region, Asia was chosen as the sample for this study. This empirical study investigated what the major trends of democratisation were in Asia between 1981 and 2005: why some countries became democratic while other countries failed to follow suit during that period. The main research hypothesis was: “That is it was mainly economic development that drove democratisation in Asia between 1981 and 2005”. Although some studies have studied the impact of economic development on democratisation in Asia, their findings have been inconclusive and focuses sometimes different. [To investigate the research hypothesis, 24 Asian countries were selected…measurement tools used etc…] For this research work, statistical and case study methods were applied. The data used in the analyses were collected from established data sources e.g. Freedom House (Freedom in the World, n.d.) and United Nations Statistics Division (UN Stat, n.d.). Repeated Measures in Linear Mixed Modeling (LMM) were used to analyse the quantitative data. Three case studies supplemented the findings of statistical analyses. Historical information and institutional and legal facts were also used in the case studies. This study found that increases in the level of economic development along with its equitable distribution in society and positive roles of political actors increase the level of democratisation in Asia. Some pro-democratic political and social institutions, such as tradition of parliamentarianism, and international organisations, for example Bretton wood institutions, also led to democratisation. A low extent of national political divide was found to result in a considerably high level of democratisation in a country where confrontation between major political forces is the main feature of politics. This study also found that a partial democracy with Asian values, economic legitimacy, a lack of corruption and a “systematic control” over opposition politicians can survive, and is not prone to higher level of democratisation. The Taiwan case revealed that, amongst other factors, the role of political actors and economic equity along with economic development is also vital for democratisation. The Singapore case explained how a “hybrid regime” in a rich country outsmarts democratisation. The study of Bangladesh provides an idea about other elements, e.g. lower level of political confrontation, that push for higher levels of democratisation.
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Villena, Pairazaman Karim Vanessa. „"¿Cuál es el estatus que ocupa Taiwán en el derecho internacional actualmente? : un análisis acerca de las consecuencias jurídicas internacionales de las relaciones entre Perú y Taiwan"“. Master's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2017. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/11628.

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En el presente trabajo de investigación se ha tomado como punto de partida un cuestionamiento perteneciente al Derecho Internacional, que continua sin respuesta hasta nuestros días: el conocido “Problema de Taiwán”, y cómo afecta esta situación problemática al comercio peruano; en otras palabras nuestro principal objetivo es determinar cuales son las consecuencias jurídicas internacionales de las relaciones contemporáneas entre Perú y Taiwán? Ante tal cuestionamiento, sostenemos que Taiwán es un Estado porque cuenta con derechos y obligaciones internacionales consecuentes de sus relaciones con el Perú, como lo demostraremos en este estudio.
In the present work of investigation it has taken as a starting point a questioning pertaining to the International Law, that continues unanswered until our days: the well-known "Problem of Taiwan", and how it affects this problematic situation to the Peruvian commerce. In other words, our main objective is to determine the international legal consequences of the contemporary relations between Peru and Taiwan. Faced with such questioning, we maintain that Taiwan is a State because it has international rights and obligations consistent with its relations with Peru, as we will demonstrate in this study.
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Bravo, Cladera Nadezhda. „Y, pero, así que y es que : un estudio de su uso en las interacciones del español de jóvenes bilingües y unilingües /“. Uppsala : Dept. of Romance Languages, [Romanska institutionen], Univ, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-4308.

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Asryan, Lena. „AZOKH CAVE LITHIC ASSEMBLAGES AND THEIR CONTEXTUALIZATION IN THE MIDDLE AND UPPER PLEISTOCENE OF SOUTHWEST ASIA“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/318588.

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La cova d'Azokh és un jaciment de Plistocè Mitjà a Holocè situada a Nagorno Karabaj (Càucas Sud). La regió geogràfica forma un passadís que connecta Àfrica, Europa i Àsia, i ha estat un àrea important per a l'expansió dels humans i altres animals. Aquest estudi està basat en l'anàlisi detallada i sistemàtica de les matèries primeres, la tecno-tipologia, la funció i les alteracions post-deposicionals dels conjunts lítics trobats en la seqüència sedimentària superior de la cova (nivells V – I) durant les excavacions de 2002 – 2012. Les dades cronològiques indiquen una edat d'entre 293 – 100 ka per a aquests nivells. Els resultats mostren l'explotació de diferents matèries primeres locals i no locals en tots els nivells per a la producció dels artefactes lítics, encara que les matèries primeres són més variades en el Nivell II. L'obsidiana és l'única matèria primera d'origen llunyà. Els conjunts lítics estan compostos principalment per productes de talla, amb pocs nuclis i restes de talla. La cadena operativa està fragmentada en tots els nivells i per a totes les matèries primeres. Les característiques tecno-tipològiques i la cronologia de Nivell V presenten similituds amb l'Acheulo-Yabrudià i el Kudaro-Acheulià del Sud-oest d'Àsia. Es pot caracteritzar com a Acheulià tardà o pre-Musterià sense bifaços. Els conjunts lítics dels nivells IV i III són massa petits i, de moment, no se'ls pot assignar a cap algun grup tecno-tipològic en particular. El conjunt lític de Nivell II, pel el seu clar caràcter Levallois i per la seva cronologia, presenta similituds amb Tabun C, amb el Kudaro-Djruchulià, i parcialment també amb el Musterià de Zagros i Karain. És clarament Mode 3 Levallois Musterià. Algunes peces de diferents nivells tenen evidents traces d'ús, tot i que les col•leccions estan afectades en major o menor mesura per diverses alteracions postdeposicionals, principalment mecàniques i químiques. Els conjunts lítics inclouen eines mòbils, adaptades a un estil de vida mòbil que inclou ocupacions humanes curtes i temporals a la cova d'Azokh, afectades clarament per l'ús de la cova per grans carnívors.
La cueva de Azokh es un yacimiento de Pleistoceno Medio a Holoceno situada en Nagorno Karabaj (Cáucaso Sur). La región geográfica forma un pasillo conectando África, Europa y Asia, y ha sido un área importante para la expansión de los humanos y otros animales. Este estudio está basado en el análisis detallado y sistemático de las materias primas, la tecno-tipología, la función y las alteraciones post-deposicionales de los conjuntos líticos hallados en la secuencia sedimentaria superior de la cueva (niveles V – I) durante las excavaciones de 2002 – 2012. Los datos cronológicos indican una edad de entre 293 – 100 ka para estos niveles. Los resultados muestran la explotación de diferentes materias primas locales y no locales en todos los niveles para la producción de los artefactos líticos, aunque las materias primas son más variadas en el Nivel II. La obsidiana es la única materia prima de origen lejano. Los conjuntos líticos están compuestos principalmente por productos de talla, con pocos núcleos y restos de talla. La cadena operativa está fragmentada en todos los niveles y para todas las materias primas. Las características tecno-tipológicas y la cronología de Nivel V presentan similitudes con el Achelo-Yabrudiense y el Kudaro-Achelense en Suroeste de Asia. Se puede caracterizar como Achelense tardío o pre-Musteriense sin bifaces. Los conjuntos líticos de los niveles IV y III son demasiado pequeños y, de momento, no se pueden asignar a ningún grupo tecno-tipológico en particular. El conjunto lítico de Nivel II muestra un claro carácter Levallois, por su cronología tiene similitudes con Tabun C, con el Kudaro-Djruchuliense, y parcialmente también con el Musteriense de Zagros y Karain. Es claramente Modo 3 Levallois Musteriense. Algunas piezas de diferentes niveles tienen evidentes huellas de uso, aunque las colecciones están afectadas en mayor o menor medida por diversas alteraciones postdeposicionales, principalmente mecánicas y químicas. Los conjuntos líticos incluyen herramientas móviles, adaptadas a un estilo de vida móvil que incluye ocupaciones humanas cortas y temporales en la cueva de Azokh, afectadas claramente por el uso de la cueva por grandes carnívoros.
Azokh Cave is a Middle Pleistocene to Holocene site in Nagorno Karabagh (Southern Caucasus). The geographic region forms a corridor linking Africa, Europe and Asia, and was important for early hominin and other animal expansion. The study is based on detailed, systematic analyses of raw material, techno-typology, function, and post-depositional alteration of lithic assemblages recovered from the upper sedimentary sequence of the cave (Units V - I) during the 2002 – 2012 excavations. Chronological data indicates an age between 293 – 100 Kyr for these units. Results showed exploitation of different local and non-local raw materials in all units for the production of lithic artefacts, although the range of raw materials is more varied in Unit II. Obsidian is the only raw material originating from distant sources. The lithic assemblages are composed primarily of knapping products with a few cores and some knapping waste. The operative chain is fragmented in all units and for all raw materials. The techno-typological characteristics and chronology of Unit V share similarities with the Acheulo-Yabrudian and Kudaro Acheulean in Southwest Asia. It is Late Acheulean or pre-Mousterian without large-cutting tools. The lithic assemblages of Unit VI and III are too small and cannot be assigned to a particular techno-group at present. The Unit II assemblage with its clear Levallois component and chronology shares similarities with Tabun C, Kudaro-Djruchulian, partly also with the Zagros and Karain Mousterian and is clearly Mode 3 Mousterian of Levallois facies. Some artefacts from different units bear evident use-wear traces, and lithics in all units are affected by different post-depositional alterations, primarily mechanical and chemical. Lithic assemblages included mobile tool kits adapted to a mobile lifestyle indicated by short, seasonal occupations of the cave by hominins, who were nevertheless affected by large carnivore use of the cave.
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Arrascue, Vega Clarisa Carolina, und Nuñez Rossana Fiorella De Fatima Menendez. „Caracterización del polimorfismo V4 y T1 del gen ADAM33 y su asociación con el desarrollo del asma“. Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12423/3322.

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Objetivo: Determinar asociación entre la presencia de los polimorfismos V4 del gen ADAM33 y la enfermedad del asma y describir la frecuencia del polimorfismo T1 en pacientes de un hospital de la región Lambayeque. Materiales y métodos: Diseño de casos y controles. Escenario: Hospital Almanzor Aguinaga Asenjo – EsSalud, nivel de complejidad III-1. Población: Pacientes entre 5-17 años atendidos por consultorio externo. Los casos fueron los pacientes diagnosticados según las directrices de Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) 2016. Los controles fueron pacientes sin diagnóstico de alguna enfermedad pulmonar crónica ni antecedentes familiares de asma. Resultados: En su mayoría tanto casos como controles no presentaron el polimorfismo V4, siendo positivo solo en el 46% de los casos y 31% de los controles. Cuando se evaluó la asociación entre el polimorfismo V4 y la presencia de asma, el OR fue de 1,93 (IC95%: 0,62 – 6,00), con un valor no significativo (p = 0,196) para la prueba de Xi-cuadrado de Pearson. Sin embargo, el polimorfismo T1 estuvo presente en el 87% de casos; y la proporción de tumbesinos con la mutación fue mucho más baja que la de otras regiones. Conclusiones: No se encontró asociación entre el polimorfimo V4 y la presencia de asma en pacientes de un hospital de Lambayeque. El polimorfismo T1 se presenta con elevada frecuencia (87%) en los pacientes asmáticos del hospital Hospital Almanzor Aguinaga Asenjo – ESSalud.
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Bücher zum Thema "Asia (peru)"

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Fernando, Nimal. Mibanco, Peru: Profitable microfinance outreach, with lessons for Asia. [Manila]: Asian Development Bank, 2003.

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Uren, David. Summary report: Canada, New Zealand, Peru, Philippines and Thailand. Singapore: APEC Secretariat, 1998.

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Narain, Vishal, und Dik Roth, Hrsg. Water Security, Conflict and Cooperation in Peri-Urban South Asia. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79035-6.

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Workshop Aparatus Berperspektif Pers (2009 Makassar, Indonesia, etc.). Penegak hukum melek pers: Ringkasan Workshop Aparatus Berperspektif Pers. [Jakarta]: LBH Pers, 2009.

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Workshop Aparatus Berperspektif Pers (2009 Makassar, Indonesia, etc.). Penegak hukum melek pers: Ringkasan Workshop Aparatus Berperspektif Pers. [Jakarta]: LBH Pers, 2009.

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Workshop Aparatus Berperspektif Pers (2009 Makassar, Indonesia, etc.). Penegak hukum melek pers: Ringkasan Workshop Aparatus Berperspektif Pers. [Jakarta]: LBH Pers, 2009.

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Workshop Aparatus Berperspektif Pers (2009 Makassar, Indonesia, etc.). Penegak hukum melek pers: Ringkasan Workshop Aparatus Berperspektif Pers. [Jakarta]: LBH Pers, 2009.

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Frappi, Carlo, und Aldo Ferrari. Armenia, Caucaso, Asia Centrale. Venice: Edizioni Ca' Foscari, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-279-6.

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Questo nuovo volume della serie «Eurasiatica. Quaderni di Studi su Balcani, Anatolia, Iran, Caucaso e Asia Centrale» delle Edizioni Ca’ Foscari di Venezia raccoglie diversi articoli dedicati all’Armenia, al Caucaso e all’Asia Centrale. Il volume rispecchia alcune delle principali linee di ricerca portate avanti in questi ultimi anni dagli studiosi italiani e internazionali. Ne fanno pertanto parte articoli di carattere filologico, storico, economico e politico che affrontano numerosi temi di rilievo per la conoscenza di queste regioni, caratterizzate tanto da una tradizione culturale di grande ricchezza quanto da una crescente rilevanza nello scenario politico contemporaneo.
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Ferrari, Aldo, Elena Pupulin, Marco Ruffilli und Vittorio Tomelleri. Armenia, Caucaso e Asia Centrale. Venice: Edizioni Ca' Foscari, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-211-6.

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Questo nuovo volume della serie Eurasiatica. Quaderni di Studi su Balcani, Anatolia, Iran, Caucaso e Asia Centrale delle Edizioni Ca’ Foscari di Venezia raccoglie diversi articoli dedicati all’Armenia, al Caucaso e all’Asia Centrale. Gli articoli del volume vanno dall’archeologia alla letteratura, dal folclore alla storia, dalla storia del cristianesimo orientale all’arte, dalla narrazione di viaggio all’urbanistica. Un’intera sezione è dedicata agli studi osseti, di grande interesse non solo nell’ambito caucasico e in quello iranistico, ma anche per quel che riguarda la storia e la cultura russe.
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Lee-DiStefano, Debbie. Three Asian-Hispanic writers from Peru: Doris Moromisato, Jose Watanabe, Siu Kam Wen. Lewiston, PA: Edwin Mellen Press, 2008.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Asia (peru)"

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Sheng, Yap Kioe. „Peri-urban transformations in Southeast Asia“. In Routledge Handbook of Urbanization in Southeast Asia, 31–42. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315562889-4.

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Chen, Xi, Xiaoyong Cui, Linxiao Sun, Yang Yu, Haiyan Zhang, Tie Liu, Geping Luo et al. „Dryland Social-Ecological Systems in Central Asia“. In Dryland Social-Ecological Systems in Changing Environments, 203–41. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-9375-8_7.

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AbstractThe countries of Central Asia are collectively known as Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan and Kazakhstan. Central Asian countries have experienced significant warming in the last century as a result of global changes and human activities. Specifically, the five Central Asian countries’ populations and economies have increased, with Turkmenistan showing the fastest growth rates in GDP and per capita GDP. Farmland change, forestry activities, and grazing are examples of land use/land cover change and land management in Central Asia. Land degradation was primarily caused by rangeland degradation, desertification, deforestation, and farmland abandonment. The raised temperature, accelerated melting of glaciers, and deteriorated water resource stability resulted in an increase in the frequency and severity of floods, droughts, and other disasters. The increase of precipitation cannot compensate for the aggravation of water shortage caused by temperature rise in Central Asia. The ecosystem net primary productivity was decreasing over the past years, and the organic carbon pool in the drylands of Central Asia was seriously threatened by climate change. Grassland contributed the most to the increase of ecosystem service values in recent years. Most ecosystem functions decreased between 1995 and 2015, while they are expected to increase in the future (except for water regulation and cultural service/tourism). Global climate change does pose a clear threat to the ecological diversity of Central Asia.
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Schatz, Edward. „Varieties of Authoritarianism in Eurasia“. In Securitization and Democracy in Eurasia, 279–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16659-4_19.

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AbstractChina’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is a massive undertaking with enormous potential to transform Central Asia and beyond. Yet, the die has not yet been cast. Central Asian publics and policymakers have agency; they can accept, modify, or even resist impending transformations. Moreover, the push for authoritarianism in the region may have less to do with China per se than with broader, global trends. By taking stock of Eurasia’s varieties of authoritarianism, I put China and the BRI’s role into perspective.
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Han, Duck-Jong, Joo Hee Jung und Takashi Kenmochi. „Peri- and Postoperative Management“. In Pancreas Transplantation – the Asian Experience, 157–68. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4597-6_13.

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Kenmochi, Takashi, Duck-Jong Han und Joo Hee Jung. „Peri- and Postoperative Management“. In Pancreas Transplantation – the Asian Experience, 205–8. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4597-6_21.

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Narain, Vishal, und Dik Roth. „Introduction: Peri-Urban Water Security in South Asia“. In Water Security, Conflict and Cooperation in Peri-Urban South Asia, 1–26. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79035-6_1.

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AbstractThis chapter sets the context for the analysis of water security in peri-urban South Asia. Urbanization has been a key demographic trend globally as well as in South Asia, in the recent past and increasingly also in the future. While cities are often seen as engines of economic growth and development, and are associated with economies of scale, efficiency and sustainability, much urban growth occurs through the appropriation and reallocation of land and water from their peripheries. This creates patterns of deprivation for resource-dependent peri-urban and rural communities, as well as increasingly severe environmental problems, such as the over-extraction of groundwater and water pollution. This chapter first introduces the various perspectives, themes and cases presented in the book chapters. It then discusses urbanization and the peri-urban more specifically, introducing two contrasting views — ecological modernization and political ecology — and introduces the concept of water security. Referring to the examples from the book, the chapter then gives an overview of some of its key themes: the role of material infrastructure; property transformations and the declining commons; socially differentiated access to water; intervening in the peri-urban; and the role of conflict and cooperation.
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Zhang, Zhen, Jimena Mora und Talia Vidal. „Trans-Pacific Connection and Cine Nikkei in Peru“. In The Routledge Companion to Asian Cinemas, 265–74. New York: Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003266952-30.

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Gomes, Sharlene L. „Interventions to Strengthen Institutional Capacity for Peri-Urban Water Management in South Asia“. In Water Security, Conflict and Cooperation in Peri-Urban South Asia, 147–69. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79035-6_8.

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AbstractInstitutions, defined as social rules which guide decision-making, are an important feature of peri-urban water governance. Peri-urban institutions structure the access to and management of water resources during rural-to-urban transitions. However, peri-urban areas are dynamic in nature and heterogeneous in composition. This generates challenges for the effectiveness of institutional arrangements. Peri-urban spaces of South Asian cities like Pune, Hyderabad, Kolkata and Khulna demonstrate the various ways in which institutional arrangements influence issues of water insecurity, conflicts, and crises in the urbanisation process. This chapter explores this important dimension and demonstrates ways to intervene in the institutional context of water resources in such transitional settings. Two types of interventions to build institutional capacity are presented. First, the Approach for Participatory Institutional Analysis (APIA), is designed to help peri-urban actors frame problems through an institutional lens and offers skills to navigate the solution space. The second approach, Transformative Pathways, facilitates efforts to cope with the uncertain and dynamic nature of urban transitions. Based on the adaptation pathways approach, it helps peri-urban actors work from their existing situation and design pathways towards more sustainable and resilient futures. Practical applications of these approaches in South Asia offer insights on how to intervene institutionally in water problems during rural-urban transitions.
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Hudalah, Delik, Tania Benita und Ikrar Eka Praya Gumilar. „Peri-urbanization in the Surabaya metropolitan area“. In Routledge Handbook of Urbanization in Southeast Asia, 265–76. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315562889-24.

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Roth, Dik, und Vishal Narain. „Concluding Reflections: Towards Alternative Peri-Urban Futures?“ In Water Security, Conflict and Cooperation in Peri-Urban South Asia, 171–80. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79035-6_9.

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AbstractThis final chapter summarizes the main contributions of the book and provides some ideas on carrying forward the research and action research agenda presented in this book. The peri-urban requires concerted engagement and new, transformative, policy approaches. Continued reliance on formal policy approaches is likely to have only a limited impact or even to be counterproductive. Strong partnerships across academics and civil society organizations are required in order to create a stronger scientific discourse on the peri-urban, as well as to catalyze changes within and beyond peri-urban spaces. While selective state apathy towards the peri-urban needs correction, the messy and transitory nature of peri-urban spaces will require engagements across a wide spectrum of actors beyond the state. An understanding of these approaches is necessary before prescribing “policy reforms” for the peri-urban.
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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Asia (peru)"

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Dolmos, Melchor, Doris Esenarro, Ciro Rodriguez und Cesar Minga. „Wind Energy Potential in Pillcomarca, Peru“. In 2020 5th Asia Conference on Power and Electrical Engineering (ACPEE). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/acpee48638.2020.9136262.

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Martinez, Sandra Griselda, Guillermo Soave, G. Mange und V. Ferretti. „Development and Conservation Biodiversity Monitoring within the Camisea Gas Project, Peru“. In SPE Asia Pacific Health, Safety, and Security Environment Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/108872-ms.

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Sinchitullo, Joseph, Samuel Armacanqui, Guillermo Prudencio, Antony Sinchitullo und Yeltsin Tafur. „Integrated Royalties Model to Promote the Exploration and Exploitation of Tight Reservoirs in North West of Peru“. In SPE/AAPG/SEG Asia Pacific Unconventional Resources Technology Conference. Tulsa, OK, USA: Unconventional Resources Technology Conference, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.15530/ap-urtec-2019-198195.

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Alvarado-Siancas, Vanessa, Yelitza Urrunaga-Ochante und Martin Collao-Díaz. „Integrated Lean and TPM model to increase the level of service in a plastics company in Peru“. In 4th Asia Pacific International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management. Michigan, USA: IEOM Society International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46254/ap04.20230106.

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Gonzales-Vasquez, Rocio, César Adriano Lobato-Tello und Alberto Flores-Perez. „Application of ABC, Slotting and EOQ to Increase Productivity in a Trading Company: An Empirical Research in Peru“. In 4th Asia Pacific International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management. Michigan, USA: IEOM Society International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46254/ap04.20230202.

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Kcomt Villavicencio, Pedro Andre, Iago Martin Santa Maria Sotelo und Alberto Flores-Perez. „Improvement Model to Increase Productivity Using SLP, 5S and Standard Work at a Pisco Producer SME in Peru“. In 4th Asia Pacific International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management. Michigan, USA: IEOM Society International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46254/ap04.20230204.

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Cribillero, Luis F., Jeyson I. Quispe und Pedro Castañeda. „A Machine Learning-Based Predictive Model for the Management of Incidents in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in Peru“. In CACML 2024: 2024 3rd Asia Conference on Algorithms, Computing and Machine Learning. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3654823.3654913.

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Meyer, Manfred, Agung Nugroho, José Ochoa-Luna, Colin Stanley und Heike Winschiers-Theophilus. „DISTRIBUTED INTERCULTURAL PROJECT-BASED LEARNING - A NOVEL APPROACH - EXPERIENCES FROM A QUADRILATERAL INTERDISCIPLINARY COLLABORATION“. In International Conference on Education and New Developments. inScience Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2021end076.

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This paper describes a new concept and experiences of a distributed interdisciplinary learning programme for students across continents. The aim is to provide students with a truly Global Intercultural Project Experience (GIPE) by working together with peers from around the world, and solving real-life client’s problems. We have received seed-funding for four annual projects to engage students from Germany (Europe), Namibia (Africa), Indonesia (Asia), and Peru (Latin-America). In 2020, 30 students from four continents engaged in a one-semester distributed software development project for a Namibian client. Despite Covid-19 they successfully completed the project expressing deep appreciation for the learning opportunities overcoming challenges of working across wide-spread time zones, cultures, changing requirements, and various technical challenges. Considering the vast learning benefits, we suggest to incorporate such projects in all tertiary education curricula across the globe.
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Raha, A. „ISEC, Calcutta: The pioneer centre for statistical training of government sponsored statisticians from developing countries of the third world, mainly from Asia and the Far East“. In Proceedings of the First Scientific Meeting of the IASE. International Association for Statistical Education, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.52041/srap.93406.

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In 1916 W.T. King in his book (King, 1916) attributes the appellation "Father of Statistics" to Gottfrid Achenwall fo Germany who first applied the perm "statistics" in 1746 to a series of lectures primarily about data concerning the the land, its procures, the Government, state resources and the like. But it was Karl Pearson and R.A. Fisher who laid down the theoretical foundations of modern statistics which enabled statistical development, the name that comes up first in the context of statistical education, in Asia is that of P.C. Mahalanodis with the first scientific Meeting of the newly formed IASE provides a suitable forum to assess his contribution towards dissemination of statistical knowledge in Asia. Mahalanobis realized the importance of statistics in the twenties during the nascent stage of its development in the West and recognized statistics as the "key technology" in planning for the economic development in India, in fact in Asia at large, but founding the Indian Statistical Institute in 1931, the National Sample Survey (NSS) and the International Statistical Education centre (ISEC) in 1950. He truly guided India to assume the leadership in the spreading and development od statistical education amount Asian countries. last but not least, the influence of Fisher and Mahalanobis and the interdependence of these two statistical gains of this century have the greatest impact on the statistical system in India and, Ipso facto, on the statistical education of Asia as a whole.
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Uzun Kocamış, Tuğçe, Serdar Kuzu und Emre Aksu. „An Overview of Relations between Turkey and Kazakhstan in Light Of Economic Developments in Central Asia“. In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c03.00459.

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Kazakhstan is in a distinctive position among other Central Asian Republics due to its rich economic resources. It has the highest per capita GDP. Turkey is the first country to recognize the independence of Kazakhstan. Kazakhstan is the major strategic partner of Turkey in Central Asia. Due to its active and constructive approach, its importance has been increasing in Turkey’s foreign policy. Turkey, having qualified human resources, technology know-how, and international experience, is capable of supporting Central Asian countries in various areas. When their economy, production structure, export and import demands are compared withTurkey, we may see a great collaboration opportunities to complement each other. Due to the common history, ethnics, and culture, Turkey has become the strategic partner for Kazakhstan. Turkeyis also an important market for Kazakhstan as it has a continously developing industry, increasing consumer expenses, and growing export potential.
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Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Asia (peru)"

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Hagnauer, H., Cecilia Rivera und José A. Valcarcel. The Business Development Center Approach of Swisscontact in Peru. Inter-American Development Bank, März 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006799.

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This documents explains the basic principles and concepts of the Business Development Centers (BDC) model of Swisscontact, a company providing professional and vocational training, environmental protection and small enterprise development in 25 countries in Latin America, Eastern Europe, Africa and Asia. The document also explains how these principles applied to the Peruvian context.
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Brooks, Douglas H. Asia's Infrastructure, Trade Costs and Regional Cooperation. Inter-American Development Bank, Juni 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006844.

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This presentation discusses topics of trade dynamics within developing Asia. It begins describing the context of Asian trade, particularly, intraregional trade and production fragmentation. Then, it covers what, and how large, are trade costs, and finally it addresses infrastructure's role in reducing trade costs. This document was prepared for the Latin America/Caribbean and Asia/Pacific Economics and Business Association (LAEBA)'s 4th Annual Meeting held in Lima, Peru on June 17th, 2008.
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Gilbert, John, und Nilankan Banik. Regional Integration and Trade Cost in South Asia. Inter-American Development Bank, Juni 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011317.

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Until now, amount of inter-country trade within South Asian nations have been low. While similarities in exports profile can be seen as a reason for this low value of trade it might not be a valid one, especially in presence of growing South Asian income. Intra-industry trade theory suggests that complementarity might actually increase trade in presence of a rising income. There can be other important factors, such as, trade costs. Using an augmented gravity model in a panel framework the authors try to identify the components of trade costs that might have resulted in lower inter-country South Asian trade. This paper was prepared for the Latin America/Caribbean and Asia/Pacific Economics and Business Association (LAEBA)'s 4th Annual Meeting held in Lima, Peru, on June 17, 2008.
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4

Gilbert, John, und Nilankan Banik. Regional Integration and Trade Costs in South Asia. Inter-American Development Bank, Juni 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006836.

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This presentation discusses the current state of regional trade in South Asia, specifically the South Asia Association for Economic Cooperation (SAARC). It then discusses the main obstacles for expansion of regional trade in South Asia, specifically poor infrastructure and trade costs resulting from onerous documentation requirements. It concludes with a set of recommendations to facilitate trade in the region. It was presented at the Latin America/Caribbean and Asia/Pacific Economics and Business Association (LAEBA)'s 4th Annual Meeting held in Lima, Peru on June 17th, 2008.
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Damiani, Octavio. Rural Development from a Territorial Perspective: Case Studies in Asia and Latin America. Inter-American Development Bank, April 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011341.

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This paper reviews the contribution of agriculture and rural development to poverty reduction by examining the transformation of five territories in four countries of Asia (Malaysia and People's Republic of China) and Latin America (Brazil and Peru) that have experienced substantial reductions in poverty. While the four countries fall into three distinct groupings based on national statistics on the importance of agriculture and the growth of Gross Domestic Product, the five territories included in the study were among the poorest in their respective countries. At the same time, all five have experienced great reductions in poverty during the last two decades - a transformation that they achieved by taking substantially different paths that implied different roles of agriculture.
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Regalia, Ferdinando, Marco Stampini und Romulo Paes-Sousa. Conditions for Success in Implementing CCT Programs: Lessons for Asia from Latin America and the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, Juni 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008506.

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Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT) programs have become the main social assistance interventions in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), reaching 129 million individuals in 18 countries in 2010. Programs shared key characteristics such as the payment of cash grants and the incorporation of co-responsibilities, but varied greatly in terms of coverage, infrastructure, routines, and even objectives. In this study, we analyze the experience of six countries (Brazil, Colombia, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico and Peru) and attempt to identify important lessons for countries that have recently started or that are currently considering the introduction of a CCT. The methodology includes a review of scientific and technical literature, as well as interviews with key government and program personnel.
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Scollay, Robert. Asia's Infrastructure, Trade Costs and Regional Co-operation: Comments. Inter-American Development Bank, Juni 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006850.

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This presentation comments on Douglas H. Brooks' paper Asia's infrastructure, trade costs and regional co-operation which discusses topics of trade dynamics within developing Asia. After highlighting Brooks' key points, it covers issues on trade costs, namely, avoidable versus unavoidable "Non-Tariff" trade costs and the reduction of "Non-Tariff" trade costs as a policy objective. Then it presents the implications of a world where each economy achieves "optimal" reductions in "non-tariff" trade costs. This presentation was prepared for the Latin America/Caribbean and Asia/Pacific Economics and Business Association (LAEBA)'s 4th Annual Meeting held in Lima, Peru on June 17th, 2008.
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Attanasio, Orazio P., und Miguel Székely. Household Saving in Developing Countries - Inequality, Demographics and All That: How Different are Latin America and South East Asia? Inter-American Development Bank, Juli 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010948.

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East Asia and Latin America have diverged in several dimensions in the past three decades. This paper compares household saving behavior in two countries in each region (Mexico, Peru, Thailand and Taiwan). We make four contributions. First, we provide the first comparisons of savings in these two regions at the micro level using synthetic cohort techniques. Second, rather than focusing only on total household saving, as is common in the literature, we disaggregate the population into education groups to determine whether there are differences in saving behavior along the distribution of income. Third, we construct forecasts of future aggregate household saving rates, based on demographic projections. Fourth, we provide evidence that allows for testing the relevance of the life cycle model for explaining the differences in saving behavior.
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Vega, Henry. Transportation Costs of Fresh Flowers: A Comparison across Major Exporting Countries. Inter-American Development Bank, Juni 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006855.

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Using a case study approach of Ecuador's supply chain this presentation discusses exports dynamics from major fresh flower exporting countries. The document covers air transportation's importance, air cargo of perishables and fresh-flowers, and a discussion on supply chain's complexity, quality deterioration cost and airfreight cost. Finally a series of conclusions are drawn. This presentation was created for the Latin America/Caribbean and Asia/Pacific Economics and Business Association (LAEBA)'s 4th Annual Meeting held in Lima, Peru, on June 17th, 2008.
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Micco, Alejandro, und Tomás Serebrisky. Competition Regimes and Air Transport Costs: The Effects of Open Skies Agreement. Inter-American Development Bank, Juni 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006864.

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This presentation discusses the authors' paper on the effects of open skies agreement. They explain how they estimate the effect of a change in Air Competition Regimes (OSA) on air transport costs, the effect of better infrastructure and Regulatory Quality on Air transport Costs, and the impact of OSA through time. Findings and conclusions are highlighted. This presentation was created for the Latin America/Caribbean and Asia/Pacific Economics and Business Association (LAEBA)'s 4th Annual Meeting, held in Lima, Peru, on June 17th, 2008.
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