Zeitschriftenartikel: „Article 1 of Protocol 12“

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Bardutzky, Samo. „The Strasbourg Court on the Dayton Constitution: Judgment in the case of Sejdić and Finci v. Bosnia and Herzegovina, 22 December 2009“. European Constitutional Law Review 6, Nr. 2 (Juni 2010): 309–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1574019610200081.

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On 22 December 2009, the Grand Chamber of the European Court of Human Rights (hereafter: the Court) issued a judgment on the applications filed by two citizens of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Mr Dervo Sejdić and Mr Jakob Finci. It found a violation of their rights under the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms and under the Protocols to the Convention. Bosnia and Herzegovina had violated the applicants' rights under Article 14 of the Convention in conjunction with Article 3 of Protocol to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms and under Article 1 of Protocol No. 12 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms.

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STATSENKO, Dmytro, Volodymyr STATSENKO, Yevheniia ROMANIUK und Volodymyr OSYPENKO. „USE OF THE 1-WIRE PROTOCOL IN SMART HOME COMPUTER SYSTEMS“. Herald of Khmelnytskyi National University. Technical sciences 315, Nr. 6 (29.12.2022): 94–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5732-2022-315-6(2)-94-99.

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The article examines the computer systems used in the “Smart House”. A comparative analysis of these computer systems was carried out. It was emphasized that such systems have a number of advantages that have a positive impact on human life and safety. The use of temperature measuring devices is widely used in computer systems to monitor Smart Home conditions. The need to install a large number of sensors leads to an increase in the complexity of such computer systems. Protocols for connecting sensors to a microcontroller play an important role in system development. The analysis of the latest publications and studies provides information on the widespread use of the 1-Wire protocol in various fields to solve practical problems and the need for further improvement of systems using this protocol. Two simulation models of “Smart House” computer systems for determining indoor temperature based on the classic connection protocol and using the 1-Wire protocol are presented. The simulation model based on the standard protocol uses: an Arduino Uno board based on an Atmega328p microcontroller, LM35 temperature sensors and a 74HC4051D multiplexer. In the simulation model using the 1-Wire protocol, the following are used: Arduino Uno board and DS18B20 digital temperature sensors. Information is given on the operation of the 1-Wire protocol, which is widely used to connect a large number of sensors with such an interface, namely, there is a theoretical possibility of addressing an unlimited number of similar devices on a single-wire line. In the simulation model of the system with the used 1-Wire protocol, the number of sensors connected to one output is increased to 12 in order to analyze and demonstrate the capabilities of the system. According to the simulation results, the following parameters are presented: the number of possible connections, the complexity of the design, the use of compact software code, the frequency of the clock signal, and the cost of the Smart Home computer systems. The results of the analysis of the considered simulation models of computer systems are presented in the conclusions. Advantages and disadvantages of systems with 1-Wire protocol are given.

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Baltes, Paul B., Karl Ulrich Mayer, Hanfried Helmchen und Elisabeth Steinhagen-Thiessen. „The Berlin Aging Study (BASE): Overview and Design“. Ageing and Society 13, Nr. 4 (Dezember 1993): 483–515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x00001343.

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ABSTRACTThis article, the introduction to a collection of six related articles, describes the general rationale and design of the Berlin Aging Study (BASE). The distinguishing features of BASE are: (1) a special focus on the very old (70–105 years), (2) broad inter-diciplinarity (medicine, psychiatry, psychology, sociology and economics), and (3) sample heterogeneity achieved by local (West Berlin) representativeness. In addition to discipline-specific topics, four theoretical orientations guide the study: (1) differential ageing, (2) continuity versus discontinuity of ageing, (3) range and limits of plasticity and reserve capacity, and (4) ageing as an inter-disciplinary and systemic phenomenon. To provide a foundation and framework for the remaining articles, this paper outlines the protocols, designs, and measurement procedures of fourteen data collection sessions. In addition, information is given on the samples used for empirical analysis. Two samples from the first wave of the Berlin Aging Study are addressed in this collection of articles. The first (N = 360), uses data from the BASE Intake Assessment Protocol (Session 1). The second (N = 156), employs data from the entire 14-session full protocol of BASE. Selectivity analyses involving 22 comparison variables are reported in this paper and demonstrate that, with the exception of 12-month mortality, these two samples displayed the intended sample heterogeneity. Those results suggest that data from BASE hold high generalizability.

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Kurakina, Polina. „European Court of Human Rights: review of the Grand Chamber judgment of 15 October 2020 in the case of Muhammad and Muhammad v. Romania (аpplication no. 80982/12)“. Meždunarodnoe pravosudie 11, Nr. 1 (2021): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21128/2226-2059-2021-1-3-12.

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In Muhammad and Muhammad v. Romania (application no. 80982/12), the European Court of Human Rights examined the legality of limiting the right to be informed of the reasons for expulsion and the right to have access to the documents in the case file. The Grand Chamber acknowledged that these rights were not established in the first paragraph of Article 1 of Protocol no. 7 to the Convention, but noted that a foreigner would not be able to present arguments against his expulsion if he did not know the factual circumstances based on which the authorities concluded that he poses a threat to national security. This information is necessary to exercise one’s rights under the first paragraph of the article in question. The mere fact that the decision on expulsion was taken by independent judicial authorities at a high level, without it being possible to establish that the Court properly used review powers, did not suffice to counterbalance the limitations of applicants’ procedural rights. The Court also found that the limitations imposed on the applicants’ rights under Article 1 of Protocol no. 7 were not counterbalanced in the domestic proceedings and did not preserve the very essence of those rights: the courts did not examine the credibility of the findings of the Romanian intelligence service, the applicant’s lawyers did not have access to classified documents, the applicants were not informed about the possibility of having lawyers with proper access to classified information, etc. After applying the facts of the present case, the Court, therefore, concluded that there had been a violation of Article 1 of Protocol no. 7 to the Convention.

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Mishina, N. N., I. N. Shtyrov, E. I. Semenov und N. M. Vasilevskiy. „ENZYME IMMUNOASSAY PROTOCOL OPTIMIZATION FOR T-2 TOXIN INDICATION“. Scientific Life 15, Nr. 4 (30.04.2020): 551–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.35679/1991-9476-2020-15-4-551-560.

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T-2 toxin is one of the most common and toxic trichothecene mycotoxins – secondary metabolites of molds that develop on cereals and some other crops. This article discusses the development stage of a test system for the determination of T-2 toxin based on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), which uses an enzyme label – a conjugate of anti-rabbit goat antibodies with peroxidase. An important step in the creation of any ELISA-based test system is the preliminary titration of reaction components. The aim of the work was to determine the optimal concentration of the conjugate of antispecies antibodies in an indirectly competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent enzyme immunoassay with the indication of T-2 toxin. A number of dilutions of the antivirus conjugate were examined: 1 : 1000; 1 : 2000; 1 : 3000; 1 : 4000; 1 : 5000; 1 : 7500; 1 : 10000; 1 : 12 500; 1 : 15,000; 1 : 17,500; 1 : 20,000; 1 : 30 000. In the ELISA staging protocol, calibration solutions of T-2 toxin at concentrations of 0.0 were used; 2.5; 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160 ng/ml and specific polyclonal rabbit antibodies to the T-2-BSA conjugate. Based on the average optical density values, calibration plots were constructed using the percentage of signal absorption from the zero standard. When evaluating the results of the study, the criterion for choosing the dilution of the conjugate of anti-species antibodies was considered the greatest, at which the best linearity of the grading plot is achieved and the level of its non-specific reaction with the zero standard would be the lowest. It was established that the optimal variants of dilutions of the conjugate of anti-species antibodies under the same experimental conditions tested were 1: 4000, 1 : 5000 and 1 : 12 500. Dose-dependent signal absorption was observed in all concentrations of anti-species antibodies. Dilutions of the conjugate of anti-species antibodies 1 : 1000–1 : 3000 and 1 : 17 500–1 : 30 000 were not taken into account, since the optical density of most wells was higher than the optimal boundaries in the first case (> 3.9) and lower in the second (< 0.4). Based on the foregoing, optimal dilution of the conjugate of anti-species antibodies was selected 1 : 12 500.

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Tran, Duong Dinh, Canh Minh Do, Santiago Escobar und Kazuhiro Ogata. „Hybrid post-quantum Transport Layer Security formal analysis in Maude-NPA and its parallel version“. PeerJ Computer Science 9 (22.09.2023): e1556. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.1556.

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This article presents a security formal analysis of the hybrid post-quantum Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol, a quantum-resistant version of the TLS protocol proposed by Amazon Web Services as a precaution in dealing with future attacks from quantum computers. In addition to a classical key exchange algorithm, the proposed protocol uses a post-quantum key encapsulation mechanism, which is believed invulnerable under quantum computers, so the protocol’s key negotiation is called the hybrid key exchange scheme. One of our assumptions about the intruder’s capabilities is that the intruder is able to break the security of the classical key exchange algorithm by utilizing the power of large quantum computers. For the formal analysis, we use Maude-NPA and a parallel version of Maude-NPA (called Par-Maude-NPA) to conduct experiments. The security properties under analysis are (1) the secrecy property of the shared secret key established between two honest principals with the classical key exchange algorithm, (2) a similar secrecy property but with the post-quantum key encapsulation mechanism, and (3) the authentication property. Given the time limit T = 1,722 h (72 days), Par-Maude-NPA found a counterexample of (1) at depth 12 in T, while Maude-NPA did not find it in T. At the same time T, Par-Maude-NPA did not find any counterexamples of (2) and (3) up to depths 12 and 18, respectively, and neither did Maude-NPA. Therefore, the protocol does not enjoy (1), while it enjoys (2) and (3) up to depths 12 and 18, respectively. Subsequently, the secrecy property of the master secret holds for the protocol up to depth 12.

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Torres, Carlos Rocha Gomes, Eduardo Bresciani, César R. Pucci, Natália R. Barbosa, Karen CK Yui, Maria Filomena RL Huhtala und Daphne C. Barcellos. „Influence of Dentin Deproteinization on Bonding Degradation: 1-year Results“. Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 17, Nr. 12 (2016): 985–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1968.

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ABSTRACT Introduction The decalcification protocol of dentin surface with sodium hypochlorite removes the exposed collagen fibrils and could improve the longevity of the bonding interface. This study evaluated the influence of collagen removal with 10% sodium hypochlorite (10% NaOCl) on the longitudinal shear bond strength (SBS) of adhesives to dentin. Materials and methods Seventy-two extracted human molars were sectioned and the buccal and lingual surfaces were flattened and acid etched with 37% phosphoric acid for 15 seconds. The specimens were divided into six groups (n = 12 teeth – 24 sections), according to adhesive and collagen removal protocol: group 1: UNO Dentastic; group 2: Prime and Bond NT; group 3: Single Bond; group 4: 10% NaOCl + UNO Dentastic; group 5: 10% NaOCl + Prime and Bond NT; group 6: 10% NaOCl + Single Bond. Composite Z100 buildup was prepared, and the SBS test was assessed after 24 hours and 1 year. Data were submitted to three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey tests (p < 0.05). Results The mean values (MPa) were for 24 hours: G1: 22.45B; G2: 7.90DE; G3: 12.56CD; G4: 19.85BC; G5: 33.73A; G6: 20.77B; and for 1 year: G1: 2.43E; G2: 2.26E; G3: 4.3DE; G4: 18.79BC; G5: 26.49AB; G6: 22.73B. Conclusion Dentin deproteinization treatment with 10% NaOCI influenced the SBS compared with conventional treatment. The negative influence on SBS detected for conventional groups at 1-year interval was not detected for deproteinized groups. Clinical relevance The longevity of hybrid layer is critical due to the hydrolysis process at the adhesive interface over time. The use of 10% NaOCl deproteinization protocol might improve the longevity of bonding in adhesive restorations. How to cite this article Pucci CR, Barbosa NR, Bresciani E, Yui KCK, Huhtala MFRL, Barcellos DC, Torres CRG. Influence of Dentin Deproteinization on Bonding Degradation: 1-year Results. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(12):985-989.

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Unan, Rasim, Ilyas Deligoz, Kassim Al-Khatib und Husrev Mennan. „Protocol for ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS) mutagenesis application in rice“. Open Research Europe 1 (24.03.2021): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.13317.1.

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Background: Non-transgenic chemical mutagen application, particularly ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS), is an important tool to create mutations and gain a new genetic makeup for plants. It is useful to obtain a sufficient number of mutant plants instead of working with a severe mutation in a few plants. EMS dose and exposure period have been previously studied in several crops; however, EMS used to create point mutations in presoaked rice seeds has not been sufficiently studied and there is no standard protocol for such treatment. The aim of this study is to establish a standard protocol for EMS mutagenesis application in rice. Methods: Two studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of four durations of rice seed presoaking (0, 6, 12, and 24 hours), four EMS concentration doses (0.0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, and 2.0%), and four EMS exposure periods (6, 12, 24, and 48 hours). Germination rate, plumula and radicle length, seedling survival, shoot length, root length and fresh seedling weight were evaluated. Results: Results showed that a 12-hour presoaking duration, 0.5% EMS dose, and six hours of EMS exposure were the best practices for the optimum number of mutant plants. Conclusions: In light of both this study and the literature, a standard application protocol was established. This application protocol, detailed in this article, contains the following guidelines: (1) Presoaking: 12 hours, (2) EMS application: 0.5% dose EMS and six hours, (3) Final washing: six hours, (4) Drying: 72 hours at 38°C. A user-friendly protocol has been presented for utilization by researchers.

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Unan, Rasim, Ilyas Deligoz, Kassim Al-Khatib und Husrev Mennan. „Protocol for ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS) mutagenesis application in rice“. Open Research Europe 1 (14.02.2022): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.13317.3.

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Background: Non-transgenic chemical mutagen application, particularly ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS), is an important tool to create mutations and gain a new genetic makeup for plants. It is useful to obtain a sufficient number of mutant plants instead of working with a severe mutation in a few plants. EMS dose and exposure period have been previously studied in several crops; however, EMS used to create point mutations in presoaked rice seeds has not been sufficiently studied and there is no standard protocol for such treatment. The aim of this study is to establish a standard protocol for EMS mutagenesis application in rice. Methods: Two studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of four durations of rice seed presoaking (0, 6, 12, and 24 hours), four EMS concentration doses (0.0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, and 2.0%), and four EMS exposure periods (6, 12, 24, and 48 hours). Germination rate, plumula and radicle length, seedling survival, LD50 (Lethal Dose) determination, shoot length, root length and fresh seedling weight were evaluated. Results: Results showed that a 12-hour presoaking duration, 0.5% EMS dose, and six hours of EMS exposure were the best practices for the optimum number of mutant plants. Conclusions: In light of both this study and the literature, a standard application protocol was established. This application protocol, detailed in this article, contains the following guidelines: (1) Presoaking: 12 hours, (2) EMS application: 0.5% dose EMS and six hours, (3) Final washing: six hours, (4) Drying: 72 hours at 38°C. A user-friendly protocol has been presented for utilization by researchers.

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Unan, Rasim, Ilyas Deligoz, Kassim Al-Khatib und Husrev Mennan. „Protocol for ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS) mutagenesis application in rice“. Open Research Europe 1 (08.10.2021): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.13317.2.

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Background: Non-transgenic chemical mutagen application, particularly ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS), is an important tool to create mutations and gain a new genetic makeup for plants. It is useful to obtain a sufficient number of mutant plants instead of working with a severe mutation in a few plants. EMS dose and exposure period have been previously studied in several crops; however, EMS used to create point mutations in presoaked rice seeds has not been sufficiently studied and there is no standard protocol for such treatment. The aim of this study is to establish a standard protocol for EMS mutagenesis application in rice. Methods: Two studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of four durations of rice seed presoaking (0, 6, 12, and 24 hours), four EMS concentration doses (0.0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, and 2.0%), and four EMS exposure periods (6, 12, 24, and 48 hours). Germination rate, plumula and radicle length, seedling survival, LD50 (Lethal Dose) determination, shoot length, root length and fresh seedling weight were evaluated. Results: Results showed that a 12-hour presoaking duration, 0.5% EMS dose, and six hours of EMS exposure were the best practices for the optimum number of mutant plants. Conclusions: In light of both this study and the literature, a standard application protocol was established. This application protocol, detailed in this article, contains the following guidelines: (1) Presoaking: 12 hours, (2) EMS application: 0.5% dose EMS and six hours, (3) Final washing: six hours, (4) Drying: 72 hours at 38°C. A user-friendly protocol has been presented for utilization by researchers.

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Botta, Sergio Brossi, Adriana Bona Matos, Bruna Uglik Garbui und Andre Figueiredo Reis. „Comparison of Chemical Aging and Water Immersion Time on Durability of Resin-Dentin Interface produced by an Etch-and-Rinse Adhesive“. Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 13, Nr. 4 (2012): 464–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1170.

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ABSTRACT Aim The aim of this study was to analyze and compare the influence of short-term NaOCl-storage and long-term water storage on the microtensile bond strength (μTBS) of etch-andrinse adhesive system to human dentin. Materials and methods Thirty-six third human molars were randomly divided into 6 groups (n = 6) according to the aging protocol: G1 (water, 24 hours); G2 (water, 6 months); G3 (water, 12 months); G4 (10% sodium hypochlorite – NaOCl, 1 hour); G5 (10% NaOCl, 3 hours) and G6 (10% NaOCl, 5 hours). A two-step etch-and-rinse adhesive (Adper Single Bond 2) was applied according to the manufacturers¡¦ instructions. A composite (Filtek Z250) was applied in four horizontal increments and was individually cured. Specimens were cut following the microtensile test technique, submitted to the different aging protocols, and tested in tension. The fracture pattern was observed in a stereomicroscope (40× magnification) and in a scanning electron microscope. The μTBS data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 0.05). Results The effect of storage in 10% NaOCl for 1 or 3 hours was not significantly different from that of aging in distilled water (DW) for 6 or 12 months (p > 0.05). Beams immersed in DW for 24 hours and in 10% NaOCl for 5 hours showed the highest and lowest ìTBS values respectively. Conclusion The aging protocols negatively influenced dentin bond strength. Aging specimens in 10% NaOCl for 1 or 3 hours can be an alternative method for long-term water storage (6 or 12 months) bond strength studies. Clinical significance This aging protocol allows a quick achievement of longitudinal bond strength data, so that results are available to the professionals in this area while the materials are yet present at the dental market. How to cite this article Garbui BU, Botta SB, Reis AF, Matos AB. Comparison of Chemical Aging and Water Immersion Time on Durability of Resin-Dentin Interface produced by an Etchand- Rinse Adhesive. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(4):464-471.

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Dewi, Riskha Dora Candra, und Kushariyadi. „Studi Literatur: Peran Caregiver Untuk Peningkatan Perawatan Kesehatan Pada Pasien Demensia“. ARTERI : Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan 1, Nr. 2 (24.02.2020): 166–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.37148/arteri.v1i2.42.

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The role of caregivers for dementia patients to improve health care is not yet optimal. Dementia patient care is an experience-based effort for complex dementia patients that can increase the psychological pressure of caregivers. The aim of the study was to determine the effectiveness of the caregiver's role in dementia patients to improve health care. Search strategies for English-language studies that are relevant to the topic are carried out using the ScienceDirect, SagePub, Springer databases limited from 2014 to 2020. The keywords used are "caregiver", "dementia", "health care", "role". Fulltext articles are reviewed to select studies that fit the criteria. The inclusion criteria in this review are health workers, caregivers. A search using the keywords above with the ScienceDirect, SagePub, Springer database that met the inclusion criteria was only 22 articles. Research examined in this article uses a variety of methods, namely systematic literature review by 1 articles, RCT by 4 articles, interview by 1 articles, qualitative study by 5 articles, quasi-experimental study 2 article, participatory research of 1 article, bootstrapping methods of 1 article, scoping review of published literature by 1 articles, quantitative study by 1 articles, cohort study path analysis by 1, a survey to clarify the evaluation by 1, SEM by 1, standardized protocol by 1. Research using random techniques as much as 10 articles, while those using non-random techniques as many as 12 articles. The role of caregivers for dementia patients to improve health care is an effective experience-based effort and is the most appropriate activity for elderly patients with dementia. Enhance the role of the caregiver by changing the caregiver's perception of a more positive view of his role.

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Dzehtsiarou, Kanstantsin. „Georgia v. Russia (II)“. American Journal of International Law 115, Nr. 2 (April 2021): 288–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ajil.2021.7.

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On January 21, 2021, the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR or Court) issued its judgment in the interstate case of Georgia v. Russia (II). Georgia complained that Russia committed systemic human rights violations in the course of the 2008 war in South Ossetia and Abkhazia. Both of these regions are de jure parts of Georgia, but they have not been effectively governed by central Georgian authorities since the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. During the night of August 7–8, 2008, Georgian artillery attacked Tskhinvali (the administrative capital of South Ossetia). Russian forces entered South Ossetia and Abkhazia the next day. Russian and Georgian troops engaged in hostilities for five days, before agreeing a ceasefire on August 12, 2008. Since then, a significant military contingent of Russian troops has remained in South Ossetia and Abkhazia. The Georgian authorities complained of systemic violations of European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) Articles 2 (right to life), 3 (prohibition of torture), 5 (right to liberty), and 8 (right to privacy), ECHR Protocol 1 Articles 1 (right to private property) and 2 (right to education), and ECHR Protocol 4 Article 2 (Freedom of movement).

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Feng, James E., Chibuokem P. Ikwuazom, Siddharth A. Mahure, Daniel P. Waren, James D. Slover, Ran S. Schwarzkopf, William J. Long und William B. Macaulay. „Discontinuation of the liposomal delivery of bupivacaine has no effect on pain management after primary total knee arthroplasty“. Bone & Joint Journal 103-B, Nr. 6 Supple A (01.06.2021): 102–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/0301-620x.103b6.bjj-2020-2033.r1.

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Aims Liposomal bupivacaine (LB) as part of a periarticular injection protocol continues to be a highly debated topic in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). We evaluated the effect of discontinuing the use of LB in a periarticular protocol on immediate postoperative pain scores, opioid consumption, and objective functional outcomes. Methods On 1 July 2019, we discontinued the use of intraoperative LB as part of a periarticular injection protocol. A consecutive group of patients who received LB as part of the protocol (Protocol 1) and a subsequent group who did not (Protocol 2) were compared. All patients received the same opioid-sparing protocol. Verbal rating scale (VRS) pain scores were collected from our electronic data warehouse and averaged per patient per 12-hour interval. Events relating to the opiate administration were derived as morphine milligram equivalences (MMEs) per patient per 24-hour interval. The Activity Measure for Post-Acute Care (AM-PAC) tool was used to assess the immediate postoperative function. Results A total of 888 patients received Protocol 1 and while 789 received Protocol 2. The mean age of the patients was significantly higher in those who did not receive LB (66.80 vs 65.57 years, p = 0.006). The sex, BMI, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status score, race, smoking status, marital status, operating time, length of stay, and discharge disposition were similar in the two groups. Compared with the LB group, discontinuing LB showed no significant difference in postoperative VRS pain scores up to 72 hours (p > 0.05), opioid administration up to 96 hours (p > 0.05), or AM-PAC scores within the first 24 hours (p > 0.05). Conclusion The control of pain after TKA with a multimodal management protocol is not improved by the addition of LB compared with traditional bupivacaine. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(6 Supple A):102–107.

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Babbush, Charles A., Ali Kanawati und John Brokloff. „A New Approach to the All-on-Four Treatment Concept Using Narrow Platform NobelActive Implants“. Journal of Oral Implantology 39, Nr. 3 (01.06.2013): 314–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1563/aaid-joi-d-12-00223.

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Although a number of approaches to implant-supported restoration of severely atrophic maxillae and mandibles have been developed, most of these treatments are costly and protracted. An exception is the All-on-Four concept, which uses only 4 implants to support an acrylic, screw-retained provisional prosthesis delivered on the day of implant placement, followed by a definitive prosthesis approximately 4 months later. After the introduction of a new implant design in 2008, a new protocol was developed for provisionally treating patients with severely atrophic jaws using the All-on-Four concept and 3.5-mm-diameter implants. This article describes that protocol and reports on the results of 227 implants after 1 to 3 years of follow-up. The cumulative survival rate was 98.7% at the end of 3 years, with a 100% prosthetic survival rate. Combining the 3.5-mm-diameter NobelActive implants with the All-on-Four concept promises to become a new standard of care for severely compromised patients.

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Karahodžić, Mirha. „Bosnian Constitutional Court: Unconstitutionality of the ‘Day of the Republic’“. ICL Journal 11, Nr. 1 (01.05.2017): 153–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/icl-2017-0005.

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Abstract In its decision U 3/13 from 26 November 2015 the Bosnian Constitutional Court found on the request of a Member of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina that Article 3 (b) of the Law on Holidays of the Republika Srpska concerning the 9 January as ‘Day of the Republic’ is not in conformity with Article I (2) of the Constitution of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Article II (4) of the Constitution of Bosnia and Herzegovina in conjunction with Article 1 (1) and Article 2 (a) and (c) of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, and Article 1 of Protocol No 12 to the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. The Constitutional Court ordered the National Assembly of the Republika Srpska to harmonize Article 3 (b) of the Law on Holidays of the Republika Srpska with the Constitution within a time limit of six months from the date of delivery of the decision and to inform the Constitutional Court of the measures taken to enforce the Decision.

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Achten, Juul, Duncan Appelbe, Louise Spoors, Nicholas Peckham, Rebecca Kandiyali, James Mason, David Ferguson et al. „Protocol for Surgery or Cast of the EpicoNdyle in Children’s Elbows (SCIENCE)“. Bone & Joint Open 5, Nr. 1 (25.01.2024): 69–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/2633-1462.51.bjo-2023-0127.r1.

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AimsThe management of fractures of the medial epicondyle is one of the greatest controversies in paediatric fracture care, with uncertainty concerning the need for surgery. The British Society of Children’s Orthopaedic Surgery prioritized this as their most important research question in paediatric trauma. This is the protocol for a randomized controlled, multicentre, prospective superiority trial of operative fixation versus nonoperative treatment for displaced medial epicondyle fractures: the Surgery or Cast of the EpicoNdyle in Children’s Elbows (SCIENCE) trial.MethodsChildren aged seven to 15 years old inclusive, who have sustained a displaced fracture of the medial epicondyle, are eligible to take part. Baseline function using the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) upper limb score, pain measured using the Wong Baker FACES pain scale, and quality of life (QoL) assessed with the EuroQol five-dimension questionnaire for younger patients (EQ-5D-Y) will be collected. Each patient will be randomly allocated (1:1, stratified using a minimization algorithm by centre and initial elbow dislocation status (i.e. dislocated or not-dislocated at presentation to the emergency department)) to either a regimen of the operative fixation or non-surgical treatment.OutcomesAt six weeks, and three, six, and 12 months, data on function, pain, sports/music participation, QoL, immobilization, and analgesia will be collected. These will also be repeated annually until the child reaches the age of 16 years. Four weeks after injury, the main outcomes plus data on complications, resource use, and school absence will be collected. The primary outcome is the PROMIS upper limb score at 12 months post-randomization. All data will be obtained through electronic questionnaires completed by the participants and/or parents/guardians. The NHS number of participants will be stored to enable future data linkage to sources of routinely collected data (i.e. Hospital Episode Statistics).Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2024;5(1):69–77.

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Redington, Alison L., Alistair J. Manning, Stephan Henne, Francesco Graziosi, Luke M. Western, Jgor Arduini, Anita L. Ganesan et al. „Western European emission estimates of CFC-11, CFC-12 and CCl₄ derived from atmospheric measurements from 2008 to 2021“. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 23, Nr. 13 (05.07.2023): 7383–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7383-2023.

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Abstract. Production and consumption of CFC-11 (trichlorofluoromethane, CCl3F), CFC-12 (dichlorodifluoromethane, CCl2F2) and CCl4 (carbon tetrachloride) are controlled under the regulations of the Montreal Protocol and have been phased out globally since 2010. Only CCl4 is still widely produced as a chemical feedstock. After 2010, emissions of CFC-11 and CFC-12 should therefore mostly originate from existing banks (e.g. from foams, mobile air conditioning units and refrigerators); however evidence has emerged of an increase in global emissions of CFC-11 in the last decade, some of which has not been fully accounted for. The motivation for this work was to assess the emissions of CFC-11, CFC-12 and CCl4 from western Europe. All countries in this region have been subject to the controls of the Montreal Protocol since the late 1980s and, as non-Article 5 Parties, have been prohibited from producing CFCs and CCl4 for dispersive use since 1996. Four different inverse modelling systems are used to estimate emissions of these gases from 2008 to 2021 using data from four atmospheric measurement stations: Mace Head (Ireland), Jungfraujoch (Switzerland), Monte Cimone (Italy) and Tacolneston (UK). The average of the four model studies found that western European emissions of CFC-11, CFC-12 and CCl4 between 2008 and 2021 were declining at 3.5 % yr−1 (2.7 % yr−1–4.8 % yr−1), 7.7 % yr−1 (6.3 % yr−1–8.0 % yr−1) and 4.4 % yr−1 (2.6 % yr−1–6.4 % yr−1), respectively. Even though the emissions were declining throughout the period, the area including northern France, Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg showed consistently elevated emissions of CFC-11 compared with the surrounding regions. Emissions of CFC-12 were slightly elevated in the same region. CCl4 emissions were the highest in the south of France. France had the highest emissions of all three gases over the period 2008–2021. Emissions from western Europe (2008–2021) were on average 2.4 ± 0.4 Gg (CFC-11), 1.3 ± 0.3 Gg (CFC-12) and 0.9 ± 0.2 Gg (CCl4). Our estimated decline in emissions of CFC-11 is consistent with a western European bank release rate of 3.4 % (2.6 %–4.5 %). This study concludes that emissions of CFC-11, CFC-12 and CCl4 have all declined from 2008 to 2021 in western Europe. Therefore, no evidence is found that western European emissions contributed to the unexplained part of the global increase in atmospheric concentrations of CFC-11 observed in the last decade.

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Hua, Len V., Ami Halvorson, Blair Lonsberry und Fraser Horn. „Topical Azithromycin 1% in acute management of inflammatory pterygium“. Optometry Reports 1, Nr. 1 (17.11.2011): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/optometry.2011.e2.

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The purpose of the article is to investigate the effects of topical azithromycin 1% (Azasite) in treating acute ocular inflammation related to long standing pterygium. A prospective interventional study of 8 consecutive cases with pterygium presenting to our University Eye Clinics over the period of one month with acute symptoms of red eye(s) and irritation. After patient education and receipt of consent to the study, patients were treated with topical azithromycin 1% (Azasite) twice a day for the first two days and once a day for the next 12 days. Anterior segment photo was taken before treatment and 3-day and/or 7-day after treatment in addition to eye examination. Six out of the eight cases reported of significant improvement or resolution of signs and symptoms on the follow up visits. One severe case did not respond as well after a week of treatment and was successfully managed by topical prednisolone. Another case did not comply with the study protocol. In this small pilot study, Azasite was effective in management of acute mild to moderate ocular inflammation triggered by ocular surface disease, including pterygium. Severe ocular inflammation may require more potent anti-inflammatory therapy like topical steroids.

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D’Addario, Marco, Erika Rosa Cappelletti, Marcello Sarini, Andrea Greco und Patrizia Steca. „The TTCYB Study Protocol: A Tailored Print Message Intervention to Improve Cardiovascular Patients’ Lifestyles“. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, Nr. 8 (23.04.2020): 2919. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17082919.

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This article describes the development of the “Time to Change Your Behavior” (TTCYB) study protocol, a theory-based, tailored print message intervention to improve compliance with the self-care regimen in patients with cardiovascular diseases. A design with a baseline measurement and two follow-ups at six and 12 months will be applied. At baseline and the six-month follow-up, patients will complete self-report questionnaires evaluating lifestyle habits and socio-demographic and psychological variables; at the 12-month follow-up, patients will answer a telephone interview assessing lifestyle habits. After the baseline measurement, patients will be randomized into one of three groups: (1) the tailored group, which will receive tailored health brochures; (2) the “non-tailored” group, which will receive non-tailored health brochures; or (3) the usual care group, which will receive no print information materials. The effectiveness of the intervention will be assessed through patients’ judgments of the brochures and changes in lifestyle. The role of socio-demographic and psychological variables as potential moderators of the materials’ effectiveness will be explored. If the TTCYB is efficacious, it will have implications for the design and implementation of tailored communication programs. Concepts from this study can be potentially extended to primary prevention among high-risk groups.

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Nichles, Alissa, Natalia Zmicerevska, Yun Ju Christine Song, Chloe Wilson, Catherine McHugh, Blake Hamilton, Jacob Crouse et al. „Neurobiology Youth Follow-up Study: protocol to establish a longitudinal and prospective research database using multimodal assessments for current and past mental health treatment-seeking young people within an early intervention service“. BMJ Open 11, Nr. 6 (Juni 2021): e044731. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044731.

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IntroductionApproximately 75% of major mental illness occurs before the age of 25 years. Despite this, our capacity to provide effective, early and personalised interventions is limited by insufficient evidence for characterising early-stage, and less specific, presentations of major mental disorders in youth populations. This article describes the protocol for setting up a large-scale database that will collect longitudinal, prospective data that incorporate clinical, social and occupational function, neuropsychological, circadian, metabolic, family history and genetic metrics. By collecting data in a research-purposed, standardised manner, the ‘Neurobiology Youth Follow-up Study’ should improve identification, characterisation and profiling of youth attending mental healthcare, to better inform diagnosis and treatment at critical time points. The overall goal is enhanced long-term clinical and functional outcomes.Methods and analysisThis longitudinal clinical cohort study will invite participation from youth (12–30 years) who seek help for mental health-related issues at an early intervention service (headspace Camperdown) and linked services. Participants will be prospectively tracked over 3 years with a series of standardised multimodal assessments at baseline, 6, 12, 24 and 36 months. Evaluations will include: (1) clinician-administered and self-report assessments determining clinical stage, pathophysiological pathways to illness, diagnosis, symptomatology, social and occupational function; (2) neuropsychological profile; (3) sleep–wake patterns and circadian rhythms; (4) metabolic markers and (5) genetics. These data will be used to: (1) model the impact of demographic, phenomenological and treatment variables, on clinical and functional outcomes; (2) map neurobiological profiles and changes onto a transdiagnostic clinical stage and pathophysiological mechanisms framework.Ethics and disseminationThis study protocol has been approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee of the Sydney Local Health District (2020/ETH01272, protocol V.1.3, 14 October 2020). Research findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals and presentations at scientific conferences and to user and advocacy groups. Participant data will be de-identified.

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Mitchiguian Hotta, Livia, Amarilys de Toledo Cesar, Edson Martinez, Marcelo Demarzo und Ubiratan Cardinalli Adler. „Homeopathy for Perennial Asthma in Adolescents: Pilot Feasibility Study Testing a Randomised Withdrawal Design“. Homeopathy 107, Nr. 02 (26.03.2018): 143–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1637009.

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Introduction Previous findings from a pragmatic trial suggest that usual care compared with usual care plus individualised homeopathy is not a feasible design to address homeopathic interventions for asthma. Objective The main purpose of this article was to investigate the feasibility of the randomised withdrawal design as a strategy to assess the effectiveness of a standardised clinical–pharmaceutical homeopathic protocol (Organon.modus) on perennial asthma in adolescents. Methods Randomised withdrawal, double-blind, parallel, placebo-controlled, 12-week study. Patients: 12 to 17 years old adolescents, with the diagnosis of perennial asthma, using inhalatory beclomethasone (plus fenoterol for wheezing episodes), who achieved 3 months of well-controlled asthma, after a variable period of individualised homeopathic treatment according to Organon.modus protocol. Setting: a secondary care medical specialist centre. Intervention: continuation with the individualised homeopathic medicine or with indistinguishable placebo during 12 weeks of beclomethasone step-down. Primary outcome: number of days of well-controlled asthma. Secondary measures: number of days of fenoterol use, number of visits to an emergency service (without hospitalisation) and percentage of patients excluded due to an exacerbation characterising a partly controlled asthma. Tolerability was assessed by Adverse Events, registered at every visit. Results Nineteen patients were randomised to continue treatment with homeopathy and 21 with placebo. Effectiveness measures for the homeopathy and placebo groups respectively were median number of days of good clinical control: 84 versus 30 (p = 0.18); median number of days of fenoterol use per patient: 3 versus 5 (p = 0.41); visits to an emergency room: 1 versus 6 (p = 0.35); percentage of exclusion due to partly controlled asthma: 36.8% versus 71.4% (p = 0.05). Few Adverse Events were reported. Conclusions This pilot study supports the feasibility of the double-blind randomised withdrawal design in studies investigating homeopathy on teenage asthma, when performed by specialists following a standardised clinical–pharmaceutical homeopathic protocol. Clinical Trial Registration RBR-6XTS8Z.

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Karadjova, Mariana. „Property Restitution in Eastern Europe: Domestic and International Human Rights Law Responses“. Review of Central and East European Law 29, Nr. 3 (2004): 325–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1573035042132932.

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AbstractThis article presents an overview of how those East European countries that are members of the Council of Europe have approached the problems of restitution as a means of reparation for past injustices. In doing so, attention will be paid to: the entitled persons and the extent of restitution; the underlying motivations vis-à-vis the form of reparation (restitution in kind or compensation), and attitudes towards minority groups and foreigners as part of the restitution process. Emphasis will also be given to the role played by international instruments (the ECHR and its future Protocol 12, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, various UN resolutions, etc), as well as by judicial institutions (the European Court of Human Rights, the UN Human Rights Committee) in the evolution of the restitution process in Eastern Europe in general, and regarding such issues as equality between foreigners and nationals as well as minority and religious groups and the elaboration of an international standard of restitution as reparation for abuses of human rights in particular. The bodies of the ECHR have managed to avoid problems related to restitution and reparations for past injustices by arguing that the right of restitution is not guaranteed by art.1 of Protocol 1 to the the ECHR. But the entry into force of a new Protocol 12 to the Convention will likely result in changes being made in this thought process, at least as regards the position of foreigners. If measures denying restitution, owing to the claimant's nationality, were taken after ratifi cation of Protocol 12, the way should be opened in the future to foreigners (in addition to procedures before the UN Human Rights Committee) to more effectively defend their rights relative to such restorative measures: notably, the possibility of seizing the Strasbourg Court with claims relating to justifi cation for "unequal treatment". The right to remedy the injustices committed to the victims of violations of human rights and international humanitarian law has appeared with increasing frequency on the agenda of the UN Commission on Human Rights. Furthermore, in its recent case law, the UN Human Rights Committee has evidenced a concern over several questions relating to the respect of possessions; it has already opted for the proposition that any discrimination on the basis of nationality in restitution legislation can be deemed to be a violation of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. Lastly, after ratifi cation of Protocol 12, we can expect a link to be forged between the vision of the UN Commission on Human Rights and that of the European Court of Human Rights that may—in the future—lead to the elaboration of a common international mechanism regulating restitution as a means for the reparation of abuses of human rights.

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Barnes, Bryan, Joseph T. Alexander und Charles L. Branch. „Postoperative Level 1 anticoagulation therapy and spinal surgery: practical guidelines for management“. Neurosurgical Focus 17, Nr. 4 (Oktober 2004): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/foc.2004.17.4.5.

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Object The authors conducted a review of the literature to establish reasonable practical guidelines for the management of complications in patients who have undergone recent spinal surgery and who require Level 1 anticoagulation therapy. Methods A MEDLINE (PubMed) literature search was performed using the key words “postoperative anticoagulation,” “spinal surgery,” and “postoperative epidural hematoma,” for articles published between 1990 and 2004. The search yielded 148 articles, which were then further screened for relevance and classified according to level-of-evidence guidelines established by the American Association of Neurological Surgeons/Congress of Neurological Surgeons joint committee for spinal cord injury. A total of 12 relevant articles were reviewed. There were no relevant articles meeting Class 1 standards of evidence, two met Class 2 evidence standards (one was a nonrandomized cohort study, the other was case-controlled), and the remaining 10 articles contained Class 3 evidence. Conclusions There are insufficient data to establish evidence-based guidelines for the use of Level 1 heparin or an equivalent anticoagulation protocol in patients who have recently undergone spinal surgery. Nevertheless, a search of the limited peer-reviewed literature on the subject indicates that there is an anecdotally high risk of complications in patients who have undergone spinal surgery and in whom a Level 1 or equivalent heparin protocol is administered. It therefore seems most prudent to arrange for placement of a vena cava filter in patients who have undergone spinal surgery and in whom a pulmonary embolus is found postoperatively. In patients who undergo spinal surgery and who require heparinization therapy for myocardial ischemia or infarction, the use of frequent neurological examinations in conjunction with anticoagulation therapy seems to be the only reasonable option.

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Tarkhanova, Zh D. „On the Issue of Media Coverage of Azerbaijan and Armenia the Signing of the Bishkek Protocol (1994-2021)“. Vestnik of North Ossetian State University, Nr. 1 (25.03.2024): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.29025/1994-7720-2024-1-39-46.

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The article analyzes the information confrontation and the influence of the media of the South Caucasus states on the evolution of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict and its settlement on the example of the Bishkek Protocol of May 5-12, 1994. The activity of regional media in the conditions of the formation of the Republic of Azerbaijan and the Republic of Armenia as independent subjects of the world political process in the post-bipolar period is considered. The peculiarities of the functioning of mass media in the conditions of the active phase of the conflict and in the post-conflict period are revealed. The information concepts, strategies and ideological features of the media of the Republic of Armenia and the Republic of Armenia, which were used by the conflicting parties when covering the signing of the Bishkek Protocol and subsequently, are studied in detail. The role and significance of the media, their influence on the dynamics of the ethnopolitical conflict and the formation of geopolitical stability in the South Caucasus are investigated. Based on the analysis of publications in the main state print media of the Republic of Azerbaijan and the Republic of Armenia, regional electronic mass media, the author comes to the conclusion about the urgency of the problem – the negative influence of the media on the peaceful settlement and post–conflict situation in the region. The characteristic principles, approaches, ideological concepts and information strategies that were used by the Azerbaijani and Armenian media when covering the signing of the Bishkek Protocol are identified. A differentiated approach is noted in the process of covering the peace treaty. The main trends in the information policy of the parties in the period under review – from 1994 to 2021 are identified. The destructive role of the media, which acted as a tool of manipulation within the framework of long-term information and propaganda campaigns to discredit the Bishkek Protocol, is pointed out. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that on the basis of the studied publications, trends have been identified to belittle the historical significance of the Bishkek Protocol in order to resume the armed conflict and its “unfreezing” already in the first quarter of the XXI century.

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Yoshida, Takeshi, Doreen Engelberts, Han Chen, Xuehan Li, Bhushan H. Katira, Gail Otulakowski und Yuji Fujino. „Prone Position Minimizes the Exacerbation of Effort-dependent Lung Injury: Exploring the Mechanism in Pigs and Evaluating Injury in Rabbits“. Anesthesiology 136, Nr. 5 (12.04.2022): 779–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0000000000004165.

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Background Vigorous spontaneous effort can potentially worsen lung injury. This study hypothesized that the prone position would diminish a maldistribution of lung stress and inflation after diaphragmatic contraction and reduce spontaneous effort, resulting in less lung injury. Methods A severe acute respiratory distress syndrome model was established by depleting surfactant and injurious mechanical ventilation in 6 male pigs (“mechanism” protocol) and 12 male rabbits (“lung injury” protocol). In the mechanism protocol, regional inspiratory negative pleural pressure swing (intrabronchial balloon manometry) and the corresponding lung inflation (electrical impedance tomography) were measured with a combination of position (supine or prone) and positive end-expiratory pressure (high or low) matching the intensity of spontaneous effort. In the lung injury protocol, the intensities of spontaneous effort (esophageal manometry) and regional lung injury were compared in the supine position versus prone position. Results The mechanism protocol (pigs) found that in the prone position, there was no ventral-to-dorsal gradient in negative pleural pressure swing after diaphragmatic contraction, irrespective of the positive end-expiratory pressure level (–10.3 ± 3.3 cm H2O vs. –11.7 ± 2.4 cm H2O at low positive end-expiratory pressure, P = 0.115; –10.4 ± 3.4 cm H2O vs. –10.8 ± 2.3 cm H2O at high positive end-expiratory pressure, P = 0.715), achieving homogeneous inflation. In the supine position, however, spontaneous effort during low positive end-expiratory pressure had the largest ventral-to-dorsal gradient in negative pleural pressure swing (–9.8 ± 2.9 cm H2O vs. –18.1 ± 4.0 cm H2O, P < 0.001), causing dorsal overdistension. Higher positive end-expiratory pressure in the supine position reduced a ventral-to-dorsal gradient in negative pleural pressure swing, but it remained (–9.9 ± 2.8 cm H2O vs. –13.3 ± 2.3 cm H2O, P < 0.001). The lung injury protocol (rabbits) found that in the prone position, spontaneous effort was milder and lung injury was less without regional difference (lung myeloperoxidase activity in ventral vs. dorsal lung, 74.0 ± 30.9 μm · min–1 · mg–1 protein vs. 61.0 ± 23.0 μm · min–1 · mg–1 protein, P = 0.951). In the supine position, stronger spontaneous effort increased dorsal lung injury (lung myeloperoxidase activity in ventral vs. dorsal lung, 67.5 ± 38.1 μm · min–1 · mg–1 protein vs. 167.7 ± 65.5 μm · min–1 · mg–1 protein, P = 0.003). Conclusions Prone position, independent of positive end-expiratory pressure levels, diminishes a maldistribution of lung stress and inflation imposed by spontaneous effort and mitigates spontaneous effort, resulting in less effort-dependent lung injury. Editor’s Perspective What We Already Know about This Topic What This Article Tells Us That Is New

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Kunze, Kyle N., Jeevana J. Pakanati, Amar S. Vadhera, Evan M. Polce, Brady T. Williams, Kevin C. Parvaresh und Jorge Chahla. „The Efficacy of Platelet-Rich Plasma for Ligament Injuries: A Systematic Review of Basic Science Literature With Protocol Quality Assessment“. Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 10, Nr. 2 (01.02.2022): 232596712110665. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23259671211066504.

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Background: Despite the existence of many clinical studies on platelet-rich plasma (PRP) interventions for ligamentous pathology, basic science consensus regarding the indications, mechanisms, and optimal composition of PRP for treating ligament injuries is lacking. Purpose: To (1) compare the efficacy of PRP in animal models of ligament injury with placebo and (2) describe the potential variability in PRP preparation using accepted classification systems. Study Design: Systematic review. Methods: The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed, Embase, and Ovid MEDLINE were queried in April 2020 for in vivo and in vitro basic science studies regarding PRP use for ligament injury. Study design, results, PRP composition, and analyzed cellular and molecular markers were extracted, and outcomes relative to control models were documented. Bias was assessed using the SYRCLE risk-of-bias tool. Results: Included were 43 articles (31 in vivo and 12 in vitro studies) investigating the anterior cruciate ligament/cranial cruciate ligament (n = 32), medial collateral ligament (n = 6), suspensory ligament (n = 3), patellar ligament (n = 1), and Hock ligament (n = 1). Platelet concentration was reported in 34 studies (77.3%); leukocyte composition, in 12 (27.3%); and red blood cell counts, in 7 (15.9%). With PRP treatment, 5 of 12 in vitro studies demonstrated significant increases in cell viability, 6 of 12 in gene expression, 14 of 32 in vivo studies reported superior ligament repair via histological evaluation, and 13 in vivo studies reported superior mechanical properties. Variability in PRP preparation methods was observed across all articles, and only 1 study reported all necessary information to be classified by the 4 schemes we used to evaluate reporting. Among the in vivo studies, detection and performance bias were consistently high, whereas selection, attrition, reporting, and other biases were consistently low. Conclusion: Conflicting data on the cellular and molecular effects of PRP for ligament injuries were observed secondary to the finding that included studies were heterogeneous, limiting interpretation across studies and the ability to draw meaningful conclusions. Clinical trials and any causal relationship between PRP use in ligament injuries and its potential for regeneration and healing should be pursued with caution if based solely on basic science data.

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Atin, Fulgensius, Herbert Soritua Silalahi, R. Dhany Prasetyanto, Fridolino Jimmy Desanto und Heriberty Chindy Sulisty. „SURGICAL MANAGEMENT VERSUS NON-SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF RIB FRACTURES IN CHEST TRAUMA: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW“. Journal of Advanced Research in Medical and Health Science (ISSN 2208-2425) 9, Nr. 12 (31.12.2023): 247–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.61841/smas5j15.

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Background: Roughly ten percent of patients who visit trauma centers are estimated to have broken ribs. From a single, isolated fracture to a flail chest, rib fractures can occur in a variety of severity. Rib fractures substantially influence the rates of morbidity and mortality. There is still debate on how to treat chest injuries. Practical use varies greatly; one such example is the uneven application of surgical stabilization. The aim: This study aims to assess the differences between surgical management and non-surgical management of rib fractures in chest trauma. Methods: By comparing itself to the standards set by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) 2020, this study was able to show that it met all of the requirements. So, the experts were able to make sure that the study was as up-to-date as it was possible to be. For this search approach, publications that came out between 2013 and 2023 were taken into account. Several different online reference sources, like Pubmed and ScienceDirect, were used to do this. It was decided not to take into account review pieces, works that had already been published, or works that were only half done. Results: In the PubMed database, the results of our search brought up 44 articles, whereas the results of our search on ScienceDirect brought up 303 articles. The results of the search conducted by title screening yielded a total 18 articles for PubMed and 13 articles for ScienceDirect. We compiled a total of 17 papers, 12 of which came from PubMed and 5 of which came from ScienceDirect. We excluded 1 review article, 1 duplicate article, 1 non-full text article, 2 protocol study, 2 articles having ineligible subjects, and 3 articles having insufficient outcomes data. In the end, we included seven research that met the criteria. Conclusion: The outcomes of surgical and non-surgical methods for the management of rib fractures are comparable in terms of complications, length of hospital stay, and mortality.

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Vidya, NV, EP Bineesh und Dr DB Vaghela. „Ayurveda Treatment Protocol in the Management of Galagraha (Pharyngitis)- A Case Study“. Journal of Ayurvedic and Herbal Medicine 6, Nr. 2 (19.06.2020): 63–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.31254/jahm.2020.6208.

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Pharyngitis is inflammation of the pharynx, which affects in back of the throat. It is most often referred to simply as sore throat; it is one of the most common reasons for doctor visit. The condition is the usual phenomenon in paediatric population due to intake of cold drinks, junk food etc. This disease is more recurrent now a days than earlier As per ayurvedic classics the condition has close similarity with the disease Galagraha. Aim: In this article management of pharyngitis with ayurvedic modalities were discussed. Material & Method: A 32 years male patient visited ENT OPD of Shalakya Tantra, I.P.G.T&R.A Hospital on 16/12/2019 with complaints of pain and foreign body sensation of throat, Recurrent moderate cough, mild fever and head ache, difficulty in swallowing along with congestion in posterior pharyngeal wall aggravate since 10 days. He consulted a local hospital near his house but didn’t get a satisfactory relief. History reveals the reccurents of disease since 3 years. We started Triphala + Darvi kwatha kawala thrice/Day, Haritaki Kwatha pana Twice BD with honey (20 ml Before food), Khadiradi vati (2 Tab -4 times/ day) for Chushanartha, Sitopaladi churna -3gm +Yastimadhu 1 gm, Naradiya Lakshmi vilasa rasa-125 mg-2 times a day for 14 days Followed by Virechana and Nasya. Marked relief was found in signs and symptoms within 7 days and cured completly within 21 days of treatment. Conclusion: Study concluded that the above Ayurvedic treatment can prove to be an effective alternate management in Chronic Catarrhal Pharyngitis with proper diet and regimen.

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Gobbo, Stefano, Valentina Bullo, Manuele Bergamo, Federica Duregon, Barbara Vendramin, Francesca Battista, Enrico Roma et al. „Physical Exercise Is Confirmed to Reduce Low Back Pain Symptoms in Office Workers: A Systematic Review of the Evidence to Improve Best Practices in the Workplace“. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology 4, Nr. 3 (05.07.2019): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jfmk4030043.

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This systematic review aimed to analyze the effects of a physical exercise (PE) program on low back pain (LBP) symptoms of office workers and the modification of flexibility and range of motion (ROM), muscular strength, and quality of life (QoL). A literature research was performed on PubMed, Scopus, MEDLINE, and SPORTDiscus from April to May 2018. The keyword “low back pain” was associated with “office worker” OR “VDT operators” OR “office employees” OR “workplace” AND “exercise”, OR “exercise therapy” OR “physical activity”. Inclusion criteria were a home- or work-based exercise protocol for office workers with LBP symptoms and pre- to post-intervention evaluation of LBP symptoms. Three researchers independently examined all abstracts. The modified Cochrane methodological quality criteria were used for quality assessment and 11 articles were included. Exercise protocols were performed from 6 weeks to 12 months, 1–5 day per week, lasting 10–60 min for each session. Physical Exercise in the workplace improved all the considered outcomes. The best improvement was recorded in supervised protocols and in video-supported protocols performed in the workplace. The effect may be generated with small duration sessions during the working day, with only 10–15 min of adapted exercise to be performed 3–5 days per week.

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Kalinina, I. I., D. A. Venyov, Yu V. Olshanskaya, M. N. Sadovskaya, O. V. Goronkova, T. Yu Salimova, U. N. Petrova et al. „The outcomes of children with acute myeloid leukemia treated in accordance with the AML–MM-2006 protocol“. Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology 21, Nr. 1 (27.03.2022): 20–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.24287/1726-1708-2022-21-1-20-35.

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Over the past years, the outcomes of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have significantly improved due to the use of intensive chemotherapy, more effective supportive therapy, and the availability of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. This article presents the outcomes of children with AML treated in accordance with the AML-MM-2006 protocol. Our study was approved by the Independent Ethics Committee of the Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology. The study included 233 patients with a median age of 6.5 years (7 days – 18 years) who were stratified into the following risk groups: standard risk, intermediate risk, and high risk. The 5-year event-free survival (EFS) was 0.64 ± 0,14, 0.49 ± 0.05, and 0.43 ± 0.05 for standard-risk (n = 12), intermediate-risk (n = 106), and high-risk (n = 115) patients, respectively (p = 0.14), while the 5-year overall survival (OS) was 1.0 year, 0.7 ± 0.05 and 0.55 ± 0.05, respectively (p = 0.001). The OS in the entire cohort was 0.68 ± 0.032. Factors associated with poor prognosis included hyperleukocytosis, the presence of extramedullary lesions, and age < 1 year. The overall survival rates in these patient groups were 0.55 ± 0.08, 0.39 ± 0.09 and 0.49 ± 0.08, respectively. The worst prognosis was for patients with monosomy 7 and t(7;12) whose OS rates were 0.25 ± 0.2 and 0.4 ± 0.2, respectively. For non-responders and patients with relapsed AML, the OS was 0.33 ± 0.08 and 0.54 ± 0.06, respectively. Early death (before remission could be achieved) occurred in 4% of patients, and 3.8% of patients died in first remission. Sixtytwo percent of deceased patients died of disease progression. In the entire cohort of patients, the five-year EFS was 0.53 ± 0.047, the cumulative risk of relapse after 3 years of remission was 40%, the confidence interval was 23–89%.

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Anemaat, Lisa, Victoria J. Palmer, David A. Copland, Kathryn Mainstone, Kent Druery, Julia Druery, Bruce Aisthorpe, Geoffrey Binge, Penelope Mainstone und Sarah J. Wallace. „Using experience-based codesign to coproduce aphasia rehabilitation services: study protocol“. BMJ Open 11, Nr. 11 (November 2021): e047398. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-047398.

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IntroductionAphasia is an impairment of language that occurs in 30%–40% of stroke survivors. This often chronic condition results in poor outcomes for the individual with aphasia and their family. Long-term aphasia management is limited, with few people receiving sufficient services by 6–12 months postonset. We present a protocol for the development of coproduced aphasia service elements. We will use experience-based codesign (EBCD), an approach that enables service users and providers to collaboratively develop services and care pathways. Drawing on the experiences of people with aphasia, their families and clinicians we will establish priorities for the development of new services and later work together to codesign them.Methods and analysisThis research will be coproduced with people with aphasia (n=30–60), their families (n=30–60) and speech pathologists (n=30–60) in Queensland, Australia, using EBCD. A consumer advisory committee will provide oversight and advice throughout the research. In phase 1, we will use semistructured interviews and the nominal group technique to explore experiences and unmet needs in aphasia rehabilitation. Data will be analysed using thematic analysis and the resulting themes will be prioritised in multistakeholder focus groups. Outcomes of phase 1 will inform future research (phase 2) to codesign services. Financial costs and participant experiences of EBCD will be measured.Ethics and disseminationHuman Research Ethics Committee approval for phase 1 has been obtained (HREC/2020/QRBW/61368). Results will be reported in peer-reviewed journal articles, presented at relevant conferences and, following EBCD suggested best practice, fed back to participants and community members at a celebratory event at completion of the project. The inclusion of service users in all stages of research will facilitate an integrated approach to knowledge translation. A summary of research findings will be made available to participating sites.

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Matos, Adriana Bona, Bruna Uglik Garbui, Cynthia Soares de Azevedo, Caroline Martins e. Silva, Maria Regina Lorenzetti Simionato und Anderson Zanardi de Freitas. „Obtaining Artificially Caries-affected Dentin for in vitro Studies“. Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 15, Nr. 1 (2014): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1480.

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ABSTRACT Aim This study evaluated and improved a protocol for obtaining standard caries-affected dentin (CAD) by Streptococcus mutans biofilm demineralization process. Materials and methods Forty-eight human molars were divided in six experimental groups, according to: period of cariogenic challenge (7, 14 or 21 days) and type of dentin (erupted or unerupted teeth). After complete cariogenic challenge sound and CAD dentin were evaluated by: visual inspection (VI), digital radiography (DR), optical coherence tomography (OCT) and laser fluorescence (LF). Results Visual inspection confirmed the formation of CAD based on tissue yellowing and loss of surface gloss. Digital radiography detected the presence of radiolucent images, suggesting caries. Three calibrated examiners viewed all images obtained by VI and DR and were able to distinguish healthy from CAD. Fisher's exact statistical test (p < 0.05) confirmed no difference between groups by VI (G1/G4: p = 0.6; G2/G5: p = 1; G3/G6: p = 1) or DR (G1/G4: p = 1; G2/G5: p = 1; G3/G6: p = 1). Both LF values and demineralization depth, as determined by OCT, were subjected to ANOVA (p < 0.05). For LF, a statistically significant difference was observed for the type of substrate (p = 0.001). For OCT, no statistically significant differences in the type of substrate (p = 0.163), length of cariogenic challenge (p = 0.512) or interaction between factors (p = 0.148) were observed. Scanning electron micrographs confirmed the presence of CAD; a more uniform demineralization surface was observed in the dentin of unerupted teeth. Conclusion This protocol suggests that standard CAD can be obtained in 7 days of cariogenic challenge using unerupted teeth. Clinical significance With the new perspective on the clinical treatment of caries lesions, bonding is increasingly performed to demineralize CAD, which is susceptible to remineralization. A useful protocol to standardize the production of CAD, by microbiological cariogenic challenge, would be an important contribution to laboratorial test in the field of operative dentistry. How to cite this article Azevedo CS, Garbui BU, Silva CM, Simionato MRL, Freitas AZ, Matos AB. Obtaining Artificially Caries-affected Dentin for in vitro Studies. J Contemp Dent Pract 2014;15(1):12-19.

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van Delft, Eva A. K., Frank W. Bloemers, Nico L. Sosef, H. J. Bonjer, Niels W. L. Schep und Jefrey Vermeulen. „Dislocated distal radial fractures in adult patients: 4 weeks versus 6 weeks of cast immobilisation following reduction, a multicentre randomised controlled trial, study protocol“. BMJ Open 9, Nr. 3 (März 2019): e026540. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-026540.

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IntroductionUp to 30% of patients with a dislocated distal radial fracture (DRF) treated with closed reduction and cast immobilisation suffer from long-term functional restrictions. It remains unclear, whether duration of cast immobilisation influences functional outcome. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether the functional outcome of dislocated DRFs could be improved by shortening the period of immobilisation.Methods and analysisA single blinded multicentre randomised controlled trial is initiated. Four weeks of plaster cast immobilisation is compared with six week plaster cast immobilisation in adult patients with adequate reduced DRFs. Primary outcome parameters are functional outcome measured with the Patient Rated Wrist Evaluation after 1 year of follow-up (FU). Secondary outcomes are: Disability of Arm, Shoulder and Hand Score after 1 year, 36-Item Short Form Health Survey after 1 year, functional outcome earlier in FU (6 weeks, 12 weeks and 6 months), range of motion, pain level and complications: number of re-interventions, secondary dislocation, delayed and non-union.Ethics and disseminationThe medical ethical committee VUmc approved the study protocol (2018.004, NL62861.029.17). The expectation of this study is that a shorter duration of plaster cast immobilisation is beneficial. This risk of specific complications is low and generally similar in both treatment options. FU is standardised according to current trauma guidelines. Present literature indicates that both treatment options that are used within this study are accepted protocols for treatment of dislocated DRFs. This trial will provide Level-I evidence for the comparison of functional outcome between the two treatment options for dislocated DRFs. Results of this study are expected to be published as a prospective, multicentre, randomised controlled trial article in 2021.Trial registrationThe Netherlands National Trial Register: NTR 6600, ABR: NL62861.029.17. Medical Ethical Committee VUmc registration number: 2018.004.

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Halmai, Vilmos, István Domán, Tamás de Jonge und Tamás Illés. „Surgical treatment of spinal deformities associated with neurofibromatosis Type 1“. Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 97, Nr. 3 (Oktober 2002): 310–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/spi.2002.97.3.0310.

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Object. In 10 to 50% of cases with neurofibromatosis, skeletal disorders are present, mainly as various deformities of the spine. These deformities can be divided into dystrophic and nondystrophic groups depending on the absence or presence of bone dystrophy. The nondystrophic curves are highly similar to those in idiopathic scoliosis, whereas the dystrophic curves are manifested early and, by progressing inexorably, may lead to neurological symptoms. In this article the authors report on a series of 12 patients (11 with dystrophic and one with nondystrophic deformities) who underwent surgical treatment. Methods. In the case with a nondystrophic curve, posterolateral instrumentation-assisted fusion was performed. A curvature correction of 70% was achieved in the frontal plane, and at the 2-year follow-up examination neither bone dysplasia nor pseudarthrosis was observed. In the cases with dystrophic curves, preoperative traction for 3 weeks was applied; anterior surgical release was then performed, as was two-stage posterior instrumentation-assisted fusion. In the cases of thoracic kyphoscoliosis in which this treatment protocol was performed, the mean scoliosis correction was 66%, whereas the mean decrease in kyphotic angle was 34.5°. In the cases with thoracolumbar and lumbar curves, the mean correction in the frontal plane was 69.8°, whereas the mean preoperative lumbar kyphosis of 42° was corrected to a mean lordotic angle of 23°. Postoperatively, no hook dislocation was detected. A neurological complication was observed in one case. Conclusions. The surgical treatment of dystrophic curves always included 360° fusion and the use of a tibial corticocancellous graft, which must be placed on the concave side of the curve in the frontal plane, the graft thereby providing biomechanical support.

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Saeed, Ayesha, Catharine S. Bradley, Yashvi Verma und Simon P. Kelley. „Resolving residual acetabular dysplasia following successful brace treatment for developmental dysplasia of the hip in infants“. Bone & Joint Journal 106-B, Nr. 7 (01.07.2024): 744–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/0301-620x.106b7.bjj-2023-1169.r1.

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AimsRadiological residual acetabular dysplasia (RAD) has been reported in up to 30% of children who had successful brace treatment of infant developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). Predicting those who will resolve and those who may need corrective surgery is important to optimize follow-up protocols. In this study we have aimed to identify the prevalence and predictors of RAD at two years and five years post-bracing.MethodsThis was a single-centre, prospective longitudinal cohort study of infants with DDH managed using a published, standardized Pavlik harness protocol between January 2012 and December 2016. RAD was measured at two years’ mean follow-up using acetabular index-lateral edge (AI-L) and acetabular index-sourcil (AI-S), and at five years using AI-L, AI-S, centre-edge angle (CEA), and acetabular depth ratio (ADR). Each hip was classified based on published normative values for normal, borderline (1 to 2 standard deviations (SDs)), or dysplastic (> 2 SDs) based on sex, age, and laterality.ResultsOf 202 infants who completed the protocol, 181 (90%) had two and five years’ follow-up radiographs. At two years, in 304 initially pathological hips, the prevalence of RAD (dysplastic) was 10% and RAD (borderline) was 30%. At five years, RAD (dysplastic) decreased to 1% to 3% and RAD (borderline) decreased to < 1% to 2%. On logistic regression, no variables were predictive of RAD at two years. Only AI-L at two years was predictive of RAD at five years (p < 0.001). If both hips were normal at two years’ follow-up (n = 96), all remained normal at five years. In those with bilateral borderline hips at two years (n = 21), only two were borderline at five years, none were dysplastic. In those with either borderline-dysplastic or bilateral dysplasia at two years (n = 26), three (12%) were dysplastic at five years.ConclusionThe majority of patients with RAD at two years post-brace treatment, spontaneously resolved by five years. Therefore, children with normal radiographs at two years post-brace treatment can be discharged. Targeted follow-up for those with abnormal AI-L at two years will identify the few who may benefit from surgical correction at five years’ follow-up.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(7):744–750.

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Giordano, Vincenzo, Robinson Esteves Pires, Luiz Paulo Giorgetta de Faria, Igor Temtemples, Tomas Macagno, Anderson Freitas, Alexander Joeris und Peter V. Giannoudis. „Doctor, When Should I Start Walking? Revisiting Postoperative Rehabilitation and Weight-Bearing Protocols in Operatively Treated Acetabular Fractures: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis“. Journal of Clinical Medicine 13, Nr. 12 (18.06.2024): 3570. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm13123570.

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Background and Objectives: Management of acetabular fractures is aimed at anatomically reducing and fixing all displaced or unstable fractures, as the accuracy of fracture reduction has been demonstrated to strongly correlate with clinical outcomes. However, there is a noticeable gap in the literature concerning the perioperative and postoperative care of patients with acetabular fractures, which ultimately can be potential risk factors for adverse outcomes and permanent disabilities. This study aimed to systematically review the available literature regarding rehabilitation practices, including weight-bearing protocols, across time points in surgically treated acetabular fracture patients and correlate these practices with functional outcomes. Methods: We systematically reviewed the Medline and PubMed databases and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The inclusion criteria were studies with adult patients (19+ years), publications from the last 10 years, articles focusing on rehabilitation or mentioning any aspect related to rehabilitation (such as weight-bearing or muscle training), and describing the surgical management of acute, isolated acetabulum fractures. Specific information was collected, including the fracture classification, time to surgery, surgical approach, surgical time, blood loss, fixation strategy, quality of reduction, postoperative rehabilitation protocol, complication rate, type(s) of complication, and outcome measurement(s). The choice(s) of surgical approach, surgical time, blood loss, and fixation strategy were stratified based on the fracture classification. The complication rate and type(s) of complication were calculated for all studies. Fractures were classified based on the Letournel classification. Results: A total of 494 articles were identified from the initial search, of which 22 (1025 patients) were included in the final review. The most common rehabilitation protocol favored isometric quadriceps and abductor strengthening exercises starting on the first postoperative day, with passive hip movement at 1–3 days postoperatively and active hip movement ranging from the first postoperative day to 4 weeks postoperatively. Partial weight-bearing with a walker or a pair of crutches was permitted from 1 to 12 weeks after surgery, and full weight-bearing was allowed depending on the patient’s general condition and fracture healing state (generally at the end of 3 months). In only three studies did the patients start bearing weight in the early postoperative period (≤1 week). Meta-regression analysis was not performed due to the discrepancy between studies that reported a weight-bearing protocol ≤1 week and >1 week postoperatively. Conclusions: Our study suggests that an accelerated postoperative rehabilitation protocol, including early permissive weight-bearing, does not appear to increase the risk of loss of reduction or the rate of complications after surgical treatment of acetabular fractures. However, a proper meta-analysis was not possible, and the heterogeneity of the included studies did not allow us to conclude anything about the potential biomechanical and clinical benefits nor the negative effects related to this rehabilitation regimen in terms of functional results. There is an inconsistent use of PROMs for objectively calculating the effect size of the accelerated protocol compared with restricted weight-bearing regimes. We pose the need for higher-level evidence to proof our hypothesis.

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Zafeiridis, Andreas, und Vassilis Mougios. „Reply by Zafeiridis and Mougios“. British Journal of Nutrition 99, Nr. 1 (11.06.2007): 212–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114507761767.

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We thank Drs Burns and Stensel for their interest in our work. We agree that the published articles on the delayed effect of resistance exercise (RE) on postprandial lipaemia (PL) provide controversial results. Three studies1–3 employed comparable methodologies in terms of exercise protocol and feeding plan of the subjects, that is, two to four sets of eight to eleven exercises at relatively similar intensities (about 10–12 repetitions maximum (RM)) with 1·5–2·0 min of rest between sets and a standardised meal on the night prior to the fat tolerance test. These studies reported a decrease1,3 or no change2 in the postprandial lipaemic response. A fourth study4 employed a similar RE protocol but focused on maintaining the subjects in a state of energy balance by increasing food intake up to two-fold after RE v. control on the night prior to the fat tolerance test. This study found no significant effect of RE on PL.

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de Mik, Sylvana M. L., Anna C. M. Geraedts, Dirk T. Ubbink und Ron Balm. „Effect of Imaging Surveillance After Endovascular Aneurysm Repair on Reinterventions and Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis“. Journal of Endovascular Therapy 26, Nr. 4 (29.05.2019): 531–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1526602819852085.

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Purpose: To study the effects of imaging surveillance after endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) on reintervention and mortality. Materials and Methods: A systematic review was conducted comparing complication rates in EVAR patients compliant with the imaging surveillance protocol vs partially or noncompliant patients. Two authors independently selected articles and performed quality assessment and data extraction. Risk differences for reintervention and mortality between compliant and partially/noncompliant patients were meta-analyzed. The pooled risk difference (RD) is reported with the 95% confidence interval (CI). The review protocol is registered at Prospero (CRD42017080494). Results: A total of 11 cohort studies involving 21,838 patients were included. Studies differed in imaging, their surveillance protocols, and definitions of compliance subgroups. Median follow-up was 31.7 months (interquartile range 29.8, 49.3). The overall reintervention rate was 5%, while the overall mortality was 31%. The RD for the reintervention rate was 4% (95% CI 1% to 7%) in favor of partial/noncompliance [number needed to harm 25 (95% CI 14 to 100)], while mortality showed a nonsignificant RD of 12% (95% CI −2% to 26%) in favor of partial/noncompliance. Two studies reported that 41% to 53% of reinterventions were performed for complications detected through imaging surveillance; the other events were detected through patient symptoms. Conclusion: Patients who are compliant with imaging surveillance appear to undergo more reinterventions than those who are partially or noncompliant. However, imaging surveillance does not seem to protect against mortality. This suggests that the recommended yearly imaging surveillance may not be beneficial for all EVAR patients.

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Zotta, Paraskevi G., Diamantis D. Almaliotis, George D. Kymionis, Vasilios F. Diakonis, Kostas A. Moschou und Vasileios E. Karampatakis. „Long-term Follow-up of Pachymetric and Topographic Alterations after Corneal Collagen Cross-Linking for Keratoconus“. International Journal of Keratoconus and Ectatic Corneal Diseases 1, Nr. 1 (2012): 22–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10025-1004.

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ABSTRACT Purpose To determine the long-term alterations of corneal thickness, along with topographic outcomes, after corneal collagen cross-linking treatment (CXL) for keratoconus. Materials and methods In this retrospective case series, 46 patients (52 eyes), 32 males and 14 females, with progressive keratoconus were included. All eyes underwent CXL in accordance with the standard protocol (Dresden) for the treatment of their ectatic corneal disorder between January 2006 and June 2007. Pachymetric and topographic outcomes were evaluated preoperatively and at 1, 3, 6, 12, 24 and 36 months postoperatively. Results Mean follow-up was 28.08 ± 8.39 months (range, from 12 to 36 months). A statistically significant decline in corneal pachymetric values (at the thinnest location) when compared with preoperative values (467.65 ± 41.08 µm) was demonstrated at 1 (437.63 ± 50.57 µm), 3 (439.08 ± 52.27 µm), 6 (449.37 ± 52.73 µm), 12 (449.63 ± 83.53 µm) and 24 (459.97 ± 47.32 µm) months after CXL (p < 0.05, for all mentioned time intervals). Return to preoperative pachymetric values (469.52 ± 40.52 µm) was revealed 36 months post-CXL (p > 0.05). With respect to topographic (flat and steep keratometric values, keratoconus index), no statistically significant differences between preoperative and all postoperative intervals were found (p > 0.05, for all values for all time intervals). Conclusion Corneal pachymetric values reduce significantly up to 24 months after CXL treatment, while a return to preoperative values was revealed 36 months after the procedure. No significant changes’ concerning topographic outcomes was demonstrated after CXL, indicating stability of these parameters. How to cite this article Zotta PG, Almaliotis DD, Kymionis GD, Diakonis VF, Moschou KA, Karampatakis VE. Long-term Follow-up of Pachymetric and Topographic Alterations after Corneal Collagen Cross-Linking for Keratoconus. Int J Keratoco Ectatic Corneal Dis 2012;1(1):22-25.

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Schneider, Prism, Sohail Bajammal, Ross Leighton, Kelcie Witges, Kimberly Rondeau und Paul Duffy. „OPerative versus non-opERAtive management of isolated ULNAr diaphyseal fractures (OPERA-Ulna): protocol for a randomized controlled trial“. Bone & Joint Open 5, Nr. 5 (20.05.2024): 411–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/2633-1462.55.bjo-2023-0123.r1.

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AimsIsolated fractures of the ulnar diaphysis are uncommon, occurring at a rate of 0.02 to 0.04 per 1,000 cases. Despite their infrequency, these fractures commonly give rise to complications, such as nonunion, limited forearm pronation and supination, restricted elbow range of motion, radioulnar synostosis, and prolonged pain. Treatment options for this injury remain a topic of debate, with limited research available and no consensus on the optimal approach. Therefore, this trial aims to compare clinical, radiological, and functional outcomes of two treatment methods: open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) versus nonoperative treatment in patients with isolated ulnar diaphyseal fractures.MethodsThis will be a multicentre, open-label, parallel randomized clinical trial (under National Clinical Trial number NCT01123447), accompanied by a parallel prospective cohort group for patients who meet the inclusion criteria, but decline randomization. Eligible patients will be randomized to one of the two treatment groups: 1) nonoperative treatment with closed reduction and below-elbow casting; or 2) surgical treatment with ORIF utilizing a limited contact dynamic compression plate and screw construct. The primary outcome measured will be the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire score at 12 months post-injury. Additionally, functional outcomes will be assessed using the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey and pain visual analogue scale, allowing for a comparison of outcomes between groups. Secondary outcome measures will encompass clinical outcomes such as range of motion and grip strength, radiological parameters including time to union, as well as economic outcomes assessed from enrolment to 12 months post-injury.Ethics and disseminationThis trial has been approved by the lead site Conjoint Health Research Ethics Board (CHREB; REB14-2004) and local ethics boards at each participating site. Findings from the trial will be disseminated through presentations at regional, national, and international scientific conferences and public forums. The primary results and secondary findings will be submitted for peer-reviewed publication.Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2024;5(5):411–418.

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Laurens, Mara L. Leimanis, Chana Kraus-Friedberg, Wreeti Kar, Dominic Sanfilippo, Surender Rajasekaran und Sarah S. Comstock. „Dietary Intake Influences Metabolites in Healthy Infants: A Scoping Review“. Nutrients 12, Nr. 7 (13.07.2020): 2073. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12072073.

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Metabolites are generated from exogenous sources such as diet. This scoping review will summarize nascent metabolite literature and discriminating metabolites for formula vs. human- milk-fed infants. Using the PICOS framework (P—Patient, Problem or Population; I—Intervention; C—Comparison; O—Outcome; S—Study Design) and PRISMA item-reporting protocols, infants less than 12 months old, full-term, and previously healthy were included. Protocol was registered with Open Science Framework (OSF). Publications from 1 January 2009–2019 were selected, for various biofluids, study designs, and techniques (such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)). From 711 articles, blinded screening of 214 articles using Abstrackr® software, resulted in 24 for final review. Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines were adopted, which included a 24-point checklist. Articles were stratified according to biofluid. Of articles reporting discriminating metabolites between formula- and human milk-fed infants, 62.5% (5/8) of plasma/serum/dried blood spot, 88% (7/8) of urine and 100% (6/6) of feces related articles reported such discriminating metabolites. Overall, no differences were found between analytical approach used (targeted (n = 9) vs. un-targeted (n = 10)). Current articles are limited by small sample sizes and differing methodological approaches. Of the metabolites reviewed herein, fecal metabolites provided the greatest distinction between diets, which may be indicative of usefulness for future diet metabolite-focused work.

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Norozpour, Marzieh, Abbas Pourshahbaz, Hamid Poursharifi, Behrooz Dolatshahi und Nastaran Habibi. „Prevalence of externalising disorder comorbidities in adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol“. BMJ Open 13, Nr. 7 (Juli 2023): e065680. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-065680.

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IntroductionExternalising disorders are some of the most prevalent problems in childhood and particularly during adolescence that can change into more severe psychopathology in adulthood if left unattended. In the research literature, these disorders include attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, oppositional/defiant disorder, conduct disorder and substance use disorders. The comorbidity prevalence of these disorders is significant and cannot be considered a random factor. The dimensional structure of psychopathology has always been studied by researchers to address disorder comorbidities and aetiology. There has always been controversy over the number of spectra and the lower levels. Currently, the new top-down, Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology model conceptualising psychopathology is being used, which is a dimensional classification system for the different spectra of psychopathology based on a combination of conceptual modelling and factor analysis of symptoms. This systematic review investigates the comorbidity prevalence of spectra of externalising disorders to provide valuable information and feedback on this model.Methods and analysisThis systematic review will include all the studies conducted from 1/1/1990 to 1/12/2020 to examine the prevalence and comorbidity of each of the externalising disorders in the general population, schools and outpatients using any instrument (questionnaires or interviews). There will be no language restrictions in selecting the studies. The studies are age restricted and must be conducted on adolescents only, but there are no restrictions on the gender and nationality of the participants.Ethics and disseminationThis systematic review is based on previously published articles and therefore will not require ethical approval. The results of the systematic review will be disseminated as publication in a peer-reviewed journal and conference presentation.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022327629.

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Kovalchuk, V. P., T. V. Matіash, V. V. Knysh, O. P. Voitovich und A. V. Kruchenyuk. „INTERNET OF THINGS (IOT) APPLICATIONS USING THE LORAWAN PROTOCOL FOR MONITORING IRRIGATED LAND“. Міжвідомчий тематичний науковий збірник "Меліорація і водне господарство", Nr. 2 (12.12.2019): 130–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/mivg201902-187.

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The article analyzes available information on the application of the Internet of Things (IoT) for agriculture. It is pointed out that for large areas remote from cities and power supply sources for fields and farms, the construction of traditional communication channels is expensive enough, and classical mobile technologies for solving business problems are only partially suitable. Therefore, the article analyzes the practical approaches to using the Internet of Things (IoT) to monitor irrigated lands. The possibility of connecting soil moisture, temperature, pressure, direction and speed wind sensors based on LoRaWAN protocol to Internet gateways (base stations) without payment for cellular communication, additional power supply, deployment of complex Wi-Fi networks in the field was studied. Practical results on the characteristics of the sensors in the field, setting up a guaranteed LoRaWAN base station (gateway) connection, technical characteristics and causes of possible equipment malfunction were obtained. That is, the purpose of the study was to develop a budget solution for practical research and use of the Internet of Things (IoT) using the LoRaWAN protocol to monitor weather and soil moisture on irrigated lands. Among the main results of the study are the following. Equipment features and the specifics of sensors allocation and their terrain settings based on LoRaWAN protocol were studied, in particular: technical characteristics (operating frequencies, material, length, connection types and antenna placement height, radio signal transmission range and quality); use of different power sources (different types of batteries and solar panels surfaces); features of field operation (possible interference with radio signal propagation, dependence on the effect of pests, temperature fluctuations); encryption when exchanging data. A budget solution for monitoring meteorological indicators, soil moisture on irrigated lands was developed. A wireless monitoring network based on the LoRaWAN protocol was deployed in the irrigated fields of the SE ES of Askaniye of Kakhovsky District State in the Kherson region, consisting of 1 base station and 5 terminal units up to 2 km away. It was found that LoRa technology enables to control the channel expansion coefficient by determining the data transmitted over a period of time. It is determined that for the successful operation of wireless systems, an important issue is the proper radio planning and designing solutions for specific customer tasks. When deploying wireless networks, basic requirements for the reliability of the base stations and terminal units were identified and investigated. The developed budget solution for practical research and application of the Internet of Things (IoT) using the LoRaWAN protocol was compared with the Pessl Instruments GmbH and Davis Instruments Co brand developments to monitor weather, soil moisture on irrigated lands were. Among the most important findings are the development of a budget solution for monitoring meteorological indicators, soil moisture on irrigated lands consisting of 1 base station (gateway) of and 5 terminal units (monitoring stations). The coverage area of the base station with a base antenna for LoRaWAN was 0.6 km, with augmented and refined antenna - 2 km. Sensor data is advisable to transmit in 30-40 bytes per a send, with an expansion factor of SF = 12 without loss of quality. The best signal quality was ensured in the line of sight from the base station to the monitoring station.

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Shivakumar, AM, Praveen D. Shivanandappa, Veena P. Doddamane, KS Munish und BS Yogeesha. „A Clinical Approach to the Parapharyngeal Space“. International Journal of Head and Neck Surgery 8, Nr. 1 (2017): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10001-1296.

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ABSTRACT Aim To present the clinicopathological profile, surgical management, and the outcome of parapharyngeal space (PPS) neoplasms in 14 patients. Materials and methods This is a retrospective review of the clinical records of 14 patients treated for PPS tumors. The age of patients ranged from 24 to 54 years, with female to male ratio of 1.3:1. The commonest clinical presentation was a slowgrowing, painless neck swelling. The preoperative protocol was based on: (1) imaging study to establish site, size, and anatomical relationships. (2) Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) was performed to determine the nature of the mass. Details of the management, morbidity, and outcome of these patients are presented. Results A total of 85.7% of the PPS neoplasms were benign and 14.2% were malignant. Majority of the benign tumors were of neurogenic origin. The histocytopathology confirmed 12 (85.7%) of these diagnoses (2 patients were with “nondiagnostic” result). The positive predictive value of the FNAC was 83.3% for benign tumors and 100% for malignant tumors. In 6 patients (60%), a transcervical surgery was performed. Three patients (30%) underwent transparotid–transcervical surgery for a pleomorphic adenoma of the deep lobe of the parotid gland in the prestyloid space and transcervical–transmandibular approach was taken in 1 case (10%). Postoperative complications occurred in 3 out of 10 patients (33.3%). Conclusion The results of our study are in agreement with other studies reported in the literature and confirm the need to follow a careful preoperative diagnostic protocol that must take advantage of imaging studies (computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging) and of cytology FNAC, in order to plan surgical treatment with a safe approach and that reduces complications, esthetic and functional damage, and the risk of recurrence. How to cite this article Shivanandappa PD, Doddamane VP, Munish KS, Yogeesha BS, Shivakumar AM. A Clinical Approach to the Parapharyngeal Space. Int J Head Neck Surg 2017;8(1):1-4.

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Shoba, K., B. Harikumar, P. Jayaganesh und K. Srinivasan. „Routine Histopathological Analysis of Pediatric and Adult Tonsils“. An International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology Clinics 8, Nr. 1 (2016): 11–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10003-1216.

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ABSTRACT Introduction Making a protocol is a must to overcome the controversy of doing routine histopathological examination of tonsillectomy specimen. Materials and methods Histopathological report of 100 consecutive tonsillectomy specimens that reached the pathology department of Saveetha Medical College was analyzed. Results Histological examination of the 154 pediatric tonsils showed reactive lymphoid hyperplasia in all the patients. One specimen had a small cartilaginous choristoma. In the 46 adult tonsils, there were two lymphoma, one extensive osteocartilaginous choristoma, and one epidermoid cyst of tonsil. Discussion As the histopathological examination in the pediatric group did not reveal any finding, it can be done only in patients with risk factors. The adult group showed two cases of Hodgkins lymphoma, one epidermoid cyst of tonsil and one osteocartilaginous choristoma tonsil. Hence, we suggest to continue the practice of routine histopathological analysis in adults. Conclusion We suggest continuing the practice of routine histopathological examination of all adult tonsillectomy specimens. How to cite this article Shoba K, Harikumar B, Jayaganesh P, Srinivasan K. Routine Histopathological Analysis of Pediatric and Adult Tonsils. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2016;8(1):11-12.

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Kapri, Anita, und Sudhir Joshi. „In vivo Evaluation of Zirconia Abutments in Implant supported Restorations in Partially Edentulous Patients“. Journal of Contemporary Dentistry 7, Nr. 1 (2017): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10031-1182.

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ABSTRACT Dental implants have been a universally accepted option for prosthetic rehabilitation of partially edentulous patients. Titanium implants abutments exhibit a dull grayish hue and give an unnatural appearance. Abutments based on zirconia are one of the alternatives to titanium abutments. To date, few comparative studies have reported on esthetic and biological outcomes of implant-supported restorations with zirconia abutments. Purpose To clinically evaluate the esthetic performance of zirconia abutments in implant-supported restorations. Materials and methods A total of 24 anterior implant sites were chosen for the placement of implants. A delayed loading protocol was followed; 12 zirconia abutments were placed along with 12 titanium abutments in the contralateral sites. Biological and esthetic variables were recorded by a periodontist and prosthodontist. The patients were followed 2 weeks, 1, 3, and 6 months postinsertion. Results All the data for Copenhagen index score and visual analog scale scores were evaluated by the prosthodontist at follow-up appointments; the means were tabulated. The data were statistically analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software utilizing paired t-test; p value was found to be significant for all parameters except distal papilla and symmetry, which showed p = 0.257 and p = 0.110 respectively. Conclusion According to the results of this study, esthetic performances of zirconia abutment in implant-supported restorations were determined to be higher than those values associated with titanium abutments. How to cite this article Kapri A, Gupta A, Joshi S. In vivo Evaluation of Zirconia Abutments in Implant supported Restorations in Partially Edentulous Patients. J Contemp Dent 2017;7(1):35-42.

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Lee, Pil Hyung, Soon Jun Hong, Hyun-Sook Kim, Young won Yoon, Jong-Young Lee, Seung-Jin Oh, Soo-Jin Kang et al. „Quantitative coronary angiography versus intravascular ultrasound guidance for drug-eluting stent implantation (GUIDE-DES): study protocol for a randomised controlled non-inferiority trial“. BMJ Open 12, Nr. 1 (Januar 2022): e052215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-052215.

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IntroductionAngiography remains the gold standard for guiding percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). However, it is prone to suboptimal stent results due to the visual estimation of coronary measurements. Although the benefit of intravascular ultrasound (IVUS)-guided PCI is becoming increasingly recognised, IVUS is not affordable for many catheterisation laboratories. Thus, a more practical and standardised angiography-based approach is necessary to support stent implantation.Methods and analysisThe Quantitative Coronary Angiography versus Intravascular Ultrasound Guidance for Drug-Eluting Stent Implantation trial is a randomised, investigator-initiated, multicentre, open-label, non-inferiority trial comparing the quantitative coronary angiography (QCA)-guided PCI strategy with IVUS-guided PCI in all-comer patients with significant coronary artery disease. A novel, standardised, QCA-based PCI protocol for the QCA-guided group will be provided to all participating operators, while the PCI optimisation criteria will be predefined for both strategies. A total of 1528 patients will be randomised to either group at a 1:1 ratio. The primary endpoint is the 12-month cumulative incidence of target-lesion failure defined as a composite of cardiac death, target-vessel myocardial infarction or ischaemia-driven target-lesion revascularisation. Clinical follow-up assessments are scheduled at 1, 6 and 12 months for all patients enrolled in the study.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval for this study was granted by the Institutional Review Board of Asan Medical Center (no. 2017-0060). Informed consent will be obtained from every participant. The study findings will be published in peer-reviewed journal articles and disseminated through public forums and academic conference presentations. Cost-effectiveness and secondary imaging analyses will be shared in secondary papers.Trial registration numberNCT02978456.

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Brynzanska, Olha. „The responsibility for damage to the natural environment under the Statute of the International Criminal Court“. Slovo of the National School of Judges of Ukraine, Nr. 1(42) (04.09.2023): 155–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.37566/2707-6849-2023-1(42)-12.

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In the article is analyzed damage to the natural environment in the context of committing a war crime under the Statute of the International Criminal Court. As results of researches the Statute of the International Criminal Court and another acts of international law the author defines characteristics of the crime: 1) substantive (objective, «actus reus»): committing an act – an attack as act of violence against the enemy; the consequence – damage to the natural environment; the causal links between the attack and damage; the damage must be suitable for evaluation characteristics – «widespread, long-term and severe damage» and «clearly excessive in relation to the concrete and direct overall military advantage anticipated»; 2) subjective («mens rea») – intentionally launching an attack in the knowledge that such attack would cause the damage which would be clearly unproportional to military advantage, also perpetrator must be in the knowledge that an attack is acted in the process of armed conflict, but isn’t not necessarily to realize the kind of armed conflict – international of non-international; the perpetrator is the person which takes part in hostilities regardless of its legal status according to the acts of international law; 3) contextual – attack is committed within the context of an international armed conflict, also widespread, long-term and severe damage to the natural environment is the consequence of using of the certain methods or means of warfare or on its own became the method of warfare. Also the article examines the correlation between the relevant provisions of the Statute of the International Criminal Court and Art. 438 (violations of the laws and customs of war) and Art. 441 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, which provides for responsibility for ecocide. Acts that are suitable for abovementioned characterics (substantive, subjective, contextual) can be qualified as a war crime in accordance with sp. «iv» p. «b» of p. 2 of Art. 8 of the Statute of the International Сriminal Сourt. Other acts, that, although they caused widespread, and possibly irreversible, damage to the natural environment, soils, water resources, animal and plant life, but in the absence of one or more of the abovementioned characterics, will not constitute a war crime in accordance with the sp. «iv» p. «b» of p. 2 of Art. 8 of the Statute of the International Сriminal Сourt. However, such actions may qualify under Art. 438 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine as «other violations of the laws and customs of war provided for by international treaties, the binding consent of which was given by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, as well as the issuing of an order to commit such actions», because there is a severe violation of international law within the context of the provisions of articles 35, 51, 55 85 of Additional Protocol to the Geneva Conventions for the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts. Also such actions may qualify under Art. 441 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine as ecocide – mass destruction of flora and fauna, poisoning of the atmosphere or water resources, as well as the commission of other actions that can cause an environmental disaster. Key words: the Statute of the International Сriminal Сourt, war crime, widespread, long-term and severe damage, the natural environment, methods or means of warfare, proportionality, military advantage anticipated, other violations of the laws and customs of war, ecocide.

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Shaykhanova, A. K., I. V. Poz, E. A. Kusembayeva und A. O. Tleubayeva. „Remote diagnostics are useful for highly specialized doctors“. Bulletin of Shakarim University. Technical Sciences 1, Nr. 4(12) (28.12.2023): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.53360/2788-7995-2023-4(12)-1.

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In the context of modern challenges in the healthcare sector, such as the shortage of highly specialized medical personnel and limited access to quality medical care in remote areas, there is an urgent need for innovative solutions. This article is based on the results of the pilot project "Home Diagnostics" conducted in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The project includes the development and implementation of an integrated software and hardware complex designed to record body sounds, perform otoscopy, pulse oximetry and ensure effective communication between patients and doctors. Special attention is paid to the use of artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies for analyzing medical data and forming diagnoses. The study also addresses important technological aspects, including the use of communication protocols, data processing methods, and considers measures aimed at ensuring the security and confidentiality of medical information. The results of the project demonstrate the significant potential of telemedicine technologies in improving the efficiency of specialized doctors and improving the availability of medical services, especially in low-income and hard-to-reach regions. The article opens up new perspectives in the use of information technologies in medicine and contributes to improving the quality of healthcare.

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