Dissertationen zum Thema „Artefacts des tissus mous“
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Bonci, Tecla. „La reconstruction du mouvement du squelette : l'enjeu de l'artefact des tissus mous“. Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10056/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn 3D human movement analysis performed using stereophotogrammetry and skin markers, bone pose can be only indirectly estimated. During a task, soft tissue deformations make the markers move with respect to the underlying bone generating soft tissue artefacts (STA), causing devastating effects on pose estimation and its compensation remains an open issue. The thesis’ aim was to contribute to the solution of this crucial issue. Modelling STA using measurable trial-specific variables is a prerequisite for its removal from marker trajectories. Two STA model architectures are proposed. A thigh marker-level model is first presented. STA was modeled as a linear combination of joint angles involved in the task. The model was calibrated with direct STA measures. The considerable number of model parameters led to defining STA approximations. Three definitions were proposed to represent STA as series of modes : individual marker displacements, marker-cluster geometrical transformations (MCGT), and skin envelope shape variations. Modes were selected using two criteria : modal energy and selecting them a priori. The MCGT allows to select either rigid or non-rigid components. It was also demonstrated that only the rigid component affects joint kinematics. A model of thigh and shank rigid component at cluster-level was then defined. An acceptable trade-off between STA compensation and number of parameters was obtained. These results lead to two main potential applications : generate realistic STAs for simulation
Lefebvre, Félix. „Analyse cinématique de l'épaule et du membre supérieur par capture de mouvement avec et sans marqueurs“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 1, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LYO10264.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe precise and quantified characterization of human movement is essential in many fields, particularly in clinic and sports, to enhance, preserve, or restore motor abilities. The complex anatomy of the shoulder gives it fine and large-range motion capability, at the cost of fragile stability, exposing it to significant risks of impairments that can compromise its mobility. To accurately estimate the kinematics of the shoulder complex, it is necessary to have a motion capture system that is fast, accurate, and suitable for routine use. Among the many tools employed, shoulder kinematic estimation via direct measurement is generally invasive or radiation-based, and in any case not suited for systematic evaluation. Indirect skin-based shoulder kinematic estimation methods, especially those using markers, are widely used but offer lower accuracy due to soft tissue artifacts. Numerous experimental and numerical strategies have been developed to improve their performance, though they have not yet fully satisfied expectations. Recently, markerless motion capture methods have emerged, but to date, none of them provide estimates compatible with the detailed kinematic modeling of the shoulder complex. The objective of this thesis was therefore to contribute to the development of shoulder kinematic analysis tools using both marker-based and markerless motion capture. A first sub-objective of this thesis was to study the influence of kinematic model optimization and scapular marker weight on scapular kinematics in a multibody kinematic optimization. The results of this first study highlighted that marker redundancy, meaning the use of more than three markers on the scapula, is recommended for scapular kinematic estimation in multibody kinematic optimization. These results also showed that the optimal marker weights are both participant- and movement-specific, but that an average weight set per movement could improve scapular kinematic estimation. The second sub-objective of this thesis was to develop a markerless motion capture method using a deep learning algorithm that allows for the kinematic tracking of the upper-limb, including the shoulder complex. This second study involved developing a 2D pose estimation algorithm capable of identifying 20 anatomical landmarks across five different movements with a median accuracy of less than 9 px. The markerless motion capture method developed based on this algorithm provided 3D estimates of the anatomical landmarks of the shoulder with an average accuracy of less than 15 mm, resulting in an articular kinematic accuracy of 14° for the scapulothoracic joint. These estimates were equivalent to, if not better than, those obtained using marker-based motion capture, with a significant time-saving due to the absence of preparation required. Further research is needed to transform this proof of concept into a fully functional motion capture tool and validate its potential to become the most suitable method for routine shoulder complex kinematic estimation
Naaim, Alexandre. „Modélisation cinématique et dynamique avancée du membre supérieur pour l’analyse clinique“. Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1014/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSoft Tissue Artefact (STA) is one of the most important limitations when measuring upper limb kinematics through marker-based motion capture techniques, especially for the scapula. Multi Body Optimisation (MBO) has already been proposed to correct STA when measuring lower limb kinematics and can be easily adapted for upper limb. For this purpose, the joint kinematic constraints should be as anatomical as possible. The aim of this thesis was thus to define and validate an anatomical upper limb kinematic model that could be used both to correct STA through the use of MBO and for future musculoskeletal models developments. For this purpose, a model integrating closed loop models of the forearm and of the scapula belt have been developed, including a new anatomical-based model of the scapulothoracic joint. This model constrained the scapula plane to be tangent to an ellipsoid modelling the thorax. All these models were confronted to typical models extracted from the literature through cadaveric and in vivo intracortical pins studies. All models generated similar error when evaluating their ability to mimic the bones kinematics and to correct STA. However, the new forearm and scapulothoracic models were more interesting when considering further musculoskeletal developments: The forearm model allows considering both the ulna and the radius and the scapulothoracic model better represents the constraint existing between the thorax and the scapula. This thesis allowed developing a complete anatomical upper limb kinematic chain. Although the STA correction obtained was not as good as expected, the use of this approach for a future musculoskeletal models has been validated
Richard, Vincent. „Multi-body optimization method for the estimation of joint kinematics : prospects of improvement“. Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1090/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHuman movement analysis generally relies on skin markers monitoring techniques to reconstruct the joint kinematics. However, these acquisition techniques have important limitations including the "soft tissue artefacts" (i.e., the relative movement between the skin markers and the underlying bones). The multi-body optimization method aims to compensate for these artefacts by imposing the degrees of freedom from a predefined kinematic model to markers trajectories. The mechanical linkages typically used for modeling the joints however prevent a satisfactory estimate of the joint kinematics. This thesis addresses the prospects of improvement of the multi-body optimization method for the estimation of joint kinematics of the lower limb through different approaches: (1) the reconstruction of the kinematics by monitoring the angular velocity, the acceleration and the orientation of magneto-inertial measurement units instead of tracking markers, (2) the introduction of an elastic joint model based on the knee stiffness matrix, enabling a physiological estimation of joint kinematics and (3) the introduction of a "kinematic-dependent" soft tissue artefact model to assess and compensate for soft tissue artefact concurrently with estimating the joint kinematics. This work demonstrated the versatility of the multi-body optimization method. The results give hope for significant improvement in this method which is becoming increasingly used in biomechanics, especially for musculoskeletal modeling
Brochard, Sylvain. „Mesure du mouvement scapulo-huméral chez l'homme : contribution à l’amélioration de la mesure par marqueurs externes“. Brest, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BRES3201.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of this thesis was to contribute to the improvement of metrological properties of the scapulo-humeral movement collected by skin markers in an optoelectronic system. The first chapter deals with shoulder movement assessment, Techniques based on the markers placed on the anatomical landmarks of the scapula and acromial method provide an error of 5 to 6°. We have developed an original method based on an acromial approach and a double calibration which allow decreasing the error to 3-4. 5°. The second chapter evaluates the accuracy and repeatability of five functional methods for determining the glenohumeral rotation center. The error is between 11 mm and 17 mm according to the methods. The reproducibility study showed a strong influence of the range of motion and functional method. The third component of our work was to develop and evaluate a method for analyzing the scapulohumeral movement of the healthy and pathological child. The method was repeatable and accurate close to 5° but the exploration of the gleno-humeral joint during movement required the use of another Euler sequence than recommended in the literature (XZY). The final chapter of this thesis discusses the outcome and perspectives in particular, the interests of biomechanical models of the shoulder from custom imaging
Mac, Cordick Alexander. „Le sarcome epithelioide des tissus mous“. Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989STR1M153.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleJellab, Hicham. „Modélisation thermoélastique des tissus mous par éléments finis“. Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0019/MQ53583.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAimedieu, Patrick. „Contribution à la biomécanique des tissus mous intracrâniens“. Amiens, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AMIE0404.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePisani-Moreau, Marie-Noëlle. „Le mélanome des tissus mous : un diagnostic d'exception“. Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR23100.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleVerstraeten, Julie. „Conception d'un microcapteur de force 3-axes pour tissus mous“. Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2010. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1940.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBESSIS, PHILIPPE RUDYARD. „Les tissus mous peri-implantaires : etude histologique de la muqueuse“. Paris 5, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA05M129.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRoina, Yaëlle. „Développement de prothèses ePTFE antibactériennes implantables pour les tissus mous“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UBFCE002.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAlthough widely used in the field of surgery and, more generally, medicine, ePTFE also has significant drawbacks, such as the colonization of mÛiti-resistant bacteria which can have serious consequences on the health of patients. There is an urgent need to prevent these bacterial colonizations from occurring, without the use of antibiotics. It is to this end that our project intervenes. This manuscript presents a new surface functionalization method consisting in mixing aliphatic amino compounds and an alkali metal, lithium. This solution leads to defluorination and surface amination of the material, which have been proven by XPS and IRATR spectroscopy. These chemical treatments Jead to modifications of important physico-chemical properties such as the stiffening of the surface, or its change into a hydrophilic surface. These amino materials are then functionalized by immersion or grafting of antibacterial molecules. Subsequently, these materials are evaluated by indirect cytotoxicity assays. Six materials were selected by this mean as potentially eligible for medical application. Their antibacterial efficiency against 6 strains causing nosocomial diseases is then evaluated. Depending on the amino compound or the antibacterial molecule used, trends emerge in the number of bacteria affected by the materials. One of the functionalized materials stands out from the others, with probable antibacterial activity on ail the strains tested
Lahkar, Bhrigu. „Contribution à la modélisation musculosquelettique personnalisée du membre inférieur par éléments finis“. Thesis, Paris, HESAM, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020HESAE070.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMusculoskeletal disorder of the lower limb is one of the most common health burdens that may lead to functional impairment in an individual. Although various operative management options are available, there seems no unanimity on a particular procedure that serves the best. To objectively assess disorders and effectively plan surgeries, it is essential to understand lower limb biomechanics under physiological loading conditions. With that motivation, this PhD aims to develop a comprehensive finite element based musculoskeletal modeling framework of the lower limb. The first phase of the PhD focuses on the development and evaluation of subject-specific finite element models under passive flexion. Novel approaches are proposed and evaluated for fast model development focusing on geometry and ligament properties. In the second phase, a novel finite element based approach for soft tissue artifact compensation is proposed and evaluated. This contribution allowed to effectively compensate for soft tissue artifact in motion analysis by taking subject specificity into account. The third phase of the PhD is dedicated to clinical application, where the utility of the biplanar X-ray system in evaluating Total Knee Arthroplasty implant alignment is briefly explored. Overall, this PhD may help to accurately estimate and understand lower limb biomechanics under clinically relevant loading conditions, and bring the model a step closer to clinical routine
Dubuis, Laura. „Biomécanique des tissus mous de la jambe humaine sous compression élastique“. Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00716423.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleZerrari, Naoual. „Caractérisation des tissus biologiques mous par diffusion multiple de la lumière“. Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10052/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDiffusing Wave Spectroscopy (DWS) is a technique that allows to probe the internal dynamics of opaque media and concentrated at high frequencies. It has been used to determine the viscoelastic properties of these media. It has the advantage of being nondestructive, rapid and sensitive. This work aims to study soft biological materials by DWS. The first step is setting up of the experimental device. To evaluate the limits of the art, successive studies were conducted on materials of increasing complexity (a suspension, milk and a foam) tending to the structural complexity of biological tissues. Concerning the suspension and milk, two concentrated media, and mono-dispersed in which the particles are in Brownian motion, DWS allowed to measure with good precision their viscosity. The limits of DWS to evaluate the viscosity of the medium are achieved with the foam which the complex structure is similar to that of soft biological tissues. Finally, the renal cortex, the hepatic parenchyma and porcine brain were studied. The theory applied to previous media does not allow to calculate viscosity. But the DWS allowed us to follow their microstructure during dehydration and degeneration. For all these media, repeatability, reproducibility, variability and effect of experimental conditions were evaluated. The DWS could be used to study the effect of temperature and freezing on the DWS spectrum of biological tissues, or combined with rheology to monitor the evolution spectra DWS during shear
ZERRARI, Naoual. „Caractérisation des tissus biologiques mous par diffusion multiple de la lumière“. Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00985084.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePACINI, BEATRICE. „Reaction leucemoide et sarcomes des tissus mous : a propos de trois cas“. Nice, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991NICE6540.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBouin, Thierry. „Tumeurs "ostéomimétiques" malignes primitives des tissus mous : à propos de deux cas“. Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985STR1M143.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMAIER, SERGENTINI MARIA-LAURA. „Elements trace dans les fluides biologiques, les tissus mous et les tissus calcifies par fluorescence x a dispersion d'energie“. Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988STR13141.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSargentini-Maier, Maria-Laura. „Eléments-trace dans les fluides biologiques, les tissus mous et les tissus calcifiés par fluorescence X à dispersion d'énergie“. Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37618445k.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChendeb, Safwan. „Chirurgie virtuelle : modélisation temps réel des tissus mous, interactions et système haptique dédié“. Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005287.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAlves, Antoine. „Approche novatrice de l’évaluation de la régénération des tissus mous en histopathologie quantitative“. Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1140.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe paradigm shift brought about by the expansion of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine away from the use of biomaterials, currently questions the value of histopathologic methods in the evaluation of biological changes. To date, the available tools of evaluation are not fully consistent and satisfactory for these advanced therapies. We have developed a new, simple and inexpensive quantitative digital approach that provides key metrics for structural and compositional characterization of the regenerated tissues. For example, metrics provide the tissue ingrowth rate (TIR) which integrates two separate indicators; the cell ingrowth rate (CIR) and the total collagen content (TCC) as featured in the equation, TIR%=CIR%+TCC%. Moreover a subset of quantitative indicators describing the directional organization of the collagen (relating structure and mechanical function of tissues), the ratio of collagen I to collagen III and the optical anisotropy property of the collagen (maturity indicator) was automatically produced as well. Using an image analyzer, all metrics were extracted from only two serial sections stained with either Feulgen & Rossenbeck (cell specific) or Picrosirius Red F3BA (collagen specific). To validate this new procedure, 3D scaffolds were intraperitoneally implanted in healthy and diabetic rats. It was hypothesized that quantitatively; the healing tissue would be significantly delayed and of poor quality in diabetic rats in comparison to healthy rats. In addition, a chemically modified 3D scaffold was similarly implanted in a third group of healthy rats with the assumption that modulation of the ingrown tissue would be quantitatively present in comparison to the 3D scaffold-healthy group. After 21 days of implantation, both hypotheses were verified by use of this novel computerized approach. When the two methods were run in parallel, the quantitative results revealed fine details and differences not detected by the semi-quantitative assessment, demonstrating the importance of quantitative analysis in the performance evaluation of soft tissue healing. This automated and supervised method reduced operator dependency to a minimum and proved to be simple, sensitive, cost-effective, time-effective, a way of doing objective therapeutic comparisons and a way to elucidate regeneration and the dynamics of a functional tissue
Mari, Jean-Martial. „Localisation échographique d'inclusions fortement échogènes en tissus mous : application à la détection d'électrode“. Lyon 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LYO10225.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMarchal, Maud. „Modélisation des tissus mous dans leur environnement pour l'aide aux gestes médico-chirurgicaux“. Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006GRE10265.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis concems soft tissue modeling for computer-assisted medical interventions. The main objective is to take into account complex anatomical configurations combined with the influence of surgical instruments for a given medical intervention. Two particular medical procedures are studied: biopsy for prostate cancer diagnosis and brachytherapy for treatment. The aim is to give displacement and deformation information to the physician. Ln this thesis, a fully-discrete model is presented to simulate both anatomical and medical environnements. The elasticity function is based on a shape memory principle, aIlowing to simulate both rigid and elastic transformations. Needle insertion modeling is also included in the model. Experiments are proposed to validate the behaviour and accuracy of the modeling method: they consist in comparing the modeling method with other soft tissue modeling methods su ch as Finite Element Method and with real data. Simulations of the two targeted surgical gestures are finally detailled
Marchal, Maud. „Modélisation des tissus mous dans leur environnement pour l'aide aux gestes médico-chirurgicaux“. Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00129430.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLe modèle développé est un modèle physique discret qui permet notamment de simuler le comportement de tissus mous en interaction avec d'autres structures anatomiques. Une formulation basée sur un principe de mémoire de forme locale est proposée et permet de modéliser l'élasticité d'un matériau grâce à une mesure géométrique de la déformation locale.
Une modélisation de l'insertion d'aiguilles dans des tissus mous complète le modèle de l'environnement anatomique.
Afin de valider le comportement de la méthode de modélisation développée, une démarche expérimentale est proposée pour comparer les simulations obtenues avec d'une part différentes méthodes de modélisation des tissus mous telles que la méthode des éléments finis ou la méthode des masses-ressorts et d'autre part des données réelles provenant de fantômes et d'images médicales. La méthode a ensuite été appliquée à la simulation des deux procédures médicales étudiées afin de modéliser dynamiquement le comportement de la prostate dans son environnement anatomique et médical.
Rowe, Alison J. „Conservation exceptionnelle des tissus mous de céphalopodes coléoïdes mésozoïques : les clés d’une histoire“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2023SORUS574.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleColeoids (cuttlefish, squid, and octopuses) represent 99% of the 800 species of modern cephalopods and play key roles in modern marine ecosystems. Their bodies are predominantly composed of soft tissues that rarely preserve in the fossil record. As such, the great majority of fossil coleoid remains are in fact rigid elements, such as the gladius (comparable to a squid pen), rather than the soft anatomical characters that form the basis of modern coleoid systematics. This means that the ecology of fossil taxa, and the relationships between fossil and modern clades remain unclear. In turn, determining proper dating of the origination of modern clades, and their shifts to paleo- and modern ecological niches, remains a major challenge for reconstructing their evolutionary history. In exceptional preservation deposits (Lagerstätten), coleoid soft parts do fossilize. The increasing capabilities of high-resolution, non-destructive imaging techniques (µCT, XRF, RTI), opens up new avenues for improving the resolution of anatomical data from these fossilized specimens, advancing our understanding around these questions. The aim of this thesis is to use these techniques to improve our knowledge of the systematics and ecology of coleoids at key periods in their evolutionary history. It focuses on coleoids from two sites with very different environments and preservation conditions: The Callovian-aged La Voulte-sur-Rhône (France), which represents a bathyal ecosystem where body fossils were preserved in 3D with pyrite and apatite, and the Upper Cretaceous (Cenomanian and Santonian) outcrops in Lebanon where coleoids were compressed within thin shallow marine limestone layers and their soft tissues were fossilized as 2D imprints. CT and Synchrotron X-ray microtomography analyses performed on multiple specimens of Vampyronassa rhodanica from La Voulte-sur-Rhône, allowed a re-examination of its external and internal morphology. Comparisons with other fossils and the extant relative Vampyroteuthis infernalis demonstrate that some key Vampyroteuthidae characters, such as its unique type of sucker attachment, were already present in the Jurassic. In addition, many characters in V. rhodanica indicate a pelagic predatory lifestyle, which is totally distinct from the deep-sea habitat of Vampyroteuthis. Investigation of the specimens assigned to V. rhodanica also led to the recognition of a new taxon, Vampyrofugiens atramentum. The presence of an ink sac and internal luminous organs in this new taxon is a pattern which is unknown in other fossil taxa, and raises questions about this organism's way of life. Dorateuthis syriaca, a key coleoid species from the Lebanese deposits, was re-appraised using a combination of high-resolution imaging techniques and comprehensive morphological measurements. This study was conducted on 54 individuals (including the holotype), making it the largest of its kind for D. syriaca. It allowed for a reappraisal of the species and holotype anatomy, and provided new systematic and ecological information. Morphological variations observed in the gladius were not determined to be site-dependent, rather suggest a greater intraspecific variability than previously assumed. This result raises questions about the definition of these characters in phylogenetic analyses. The overall results show that coleoids achieved a high level of ecological diversity as early as the Jurassic, and played an important role in marine ecosystems during the Mesozoic. The level of anatomical detail observed (muscular organization of the arms, elements of the nervous system) opens up new perspectives for comparisons between modern and fossil , and paves the way for better integration of this high resolution data into phylogenetic and paleoecological reconstructions
Robert, Benjamin. „Etude des Propriétés Viscoélastiques des Tissus Mous par Elastographie IRM. Une Approche Multi-Echelle“. Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2009. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00556732.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChabanas, Matthieu. „Modélisation des tissus mous de la face pour la chirurgie orthognatique assistée par ordinateur“. Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005802.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMondésert, Hugues. „Elaboration par electrospinning et caractérisation de scaffolds anisotropes dédiés à l'ingénierie des tissus mous“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02628521.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTissue engineering technology requires porous biomaterials (scaffolds) which have to mimic as closely as possible the morphology and anisotropic mechanical properties of the native tissue to substitute. Electrospinning process is a promising technique to produce interconnected fibrous scaffolds with high porosity and surface-to-volume ratio that resemble extraordinarily to natural connective tissues. Anisotropic fibrous scaffolds fabricated by template-assisted electrospinning are investigated in this study. Fibers of electrospun Polycaprolactone (PCL) were successfully arranged spatially into honeycomb or square structures by using well-shaped 3D micro-architected metal collectors. Fibrous scaffolds present 2 to 4 mm wide patterns with low and high fiber density areas. Tensile test experiments were carried out to analyze mechanical behaviors of these new fibrous scaffolds. Honeycomb patterned mats showed significantly different mechanical properties along the two orthogonal axis directions probing the anisotropic character of the fabricated scaffolds. A finite element mode was developed, based of simple geometries of the elementary patterns, in order to reproduce the experimental tensile measurements. Numerical approach has proved relationships between microstructure and mechanical behaviors of electrospun patterned scaffolds. This new versatile method to produce architected porous materials, adjustable to several polymers and structures, will provide appealing benefits for soft regenerative medicine application and the development of custom-made scaffolds
Robert, Benjamin. „Etude des propriétés viscoélastiques des tissus mous par Elastrographie IRM : une approche multi-échelle“. Paris 7, 2009. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00556732.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleUltrasound and MRI elastography has developped rapidly these past days in order to estimate the viscoelastic properties of soft tissues. This new diagnostic tool is particularly adapted to characterize pathologies such as breast carcinoma because of its higher elasticity than the surrounding tissue. In the first part of the manuscript, viscoelastic media are presented in order to describe their mechanical behaviors while an elastic wave is generated. Several rheological models are introduced and analyzed to find the more adapted description of the mechanical properties of soft tissues estimated out of MR-Elastography acquisitions. The second part presents the different techniques of ultrasound elastography and the basis of the Magnetic Resonance Imaging in order to better understand the objectives of MR-Elastography. Two MR-Elastography sequences are theoretically and experimentally analyzed in order to optimize the quality of mechanical properties estimation. The third part enlightens the difficulties to adapt current MR-Elastography sequences to short T2* tissues such as the carotid or the heart. Thus, a new sequence is introduced: the DENSE-MRE sequence. This new MRI sequence is theoretically and experimentally compared to conventional MR-Elastography sequences. And this new sequence is is used in vivo to estimate elastograms of heart during the heart cycle
Chabanas, Matthieu Payan Yohan. „Modélisation des tissus mous de la face pour la chirurgie orthognatique assistée par ordinateur“. [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005802.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBlanchette, Marc-André. „L'effet des mobilisations de tissus mous assistées d'instruments sur le traitement de l'épicondylite latérale“. Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2008. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/1681/1/030096460.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePaccini, Audrey. „Développement d'un modèle éléments finis 3D appliqué à la simulation d'opérations chirurgicales des tissus mous“. Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2005. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001632.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBosc, Romain. „Impact des tissus mous sur les méthodes acoustiques d’évaluation de la stabilité des implants osseux“. Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC0009.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAbstract:This work studies the biomechanical behavior of a cadaveric model and an in vitro model of total hip arthroplasty. We sought to highlight and study parameters that could allow us to have a method of objective analysis of the stability of the acetabular cup implant.The first part describes the context of the study. We have emphasized the different methods of analysis that make it possible to analyse the stability of a bone implant. Indeed, despite the daily use of implants, the failure rate of osseointegration remains high and failures still happen due to inadequate mechanical behavior of the prosthesis.Among the identified causes of failure, aseptic loosening of the acetabular cup after hip arthroplasty may be related to a primary defect in stability, not achieved during the surgical procedure. It has been shown that loosening of the acetabular cup may result from poor primary stability between the prosthetic cup and the surrounding bone.A method of estimating primary stability could allow the orthopaedic surgeon to better control the stability of the implants he poses in the operating room.The main purpose of this thesis work was to study the impact signals on the prosthetic acetabulum.Firstly, we carried out a study of the insertion of the cup by impacts on a cadaveric model. A correlation was found between impact time and stability (R2 = 0.69). This experimental study has thus shown the potential of the impact signal processing method in predicting the primary stability of the acetabular cup. But we observed changes between the signals obtained on the different subjects. We hypothesized that these changes were related to soft tissue variation between subjects.The third part of this thesis focused on analysing the biomechanical behavior of our model in the presence of soft tissues.We used again the in vitro model that we had developed and added in the impaction system turkey slices of varying thickness.The purpose of this second study was to integrate the parameter related to the existence of a variable thickness of soft tissues in the dynamic interaction between the hammer, the ancillary (and the cup) and the bone tissue during the insertion. The mean and standard deviation of the Im indicator obtained for all samples and configurations at a soft tissue thickness value of 10 mm (30 mm) was 0.592 ± 0.141, (respectively 0.552 ± 0.139). Statistical analysis showed that there was no significant effect of the value of soft tissue thickness on the values of the Im indicator (F = 3.16, p = 0.08). Despite the obvious limitations of an in vitro study on a partial model of total hip arthroplasty, these results, as well as the previous results obtained on anatomical subjects, show the feasibility of developing a medical device dedicated to estimating the stability of the acetabular implant and which could be used as a decision support system by the orthopaedic surgeons
GONTIER, GUERIDON MARIE-LAURENCE. „Evaluation du protocole iva (ifosfamide-vincristine-adriamycine) dans la chimiotherapie des sarcomes des tissus mous“. Nice, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992NICE6516.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCAZEAUX, FRANCOISE. „Evaluation du protocole decav : deticene, endoxan, cis-platine, adriamycine, vindesine dans les sarcomes des tissus mous“. Nice, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NICE6559.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDeprez, Jean-François. „Estimation 3D de la déformation des tissus mous biologiques par traitement numérique des données ultrasonores radiofréquences“. Lyon, INSA, 2008. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2008ISAL0087/these.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleUltrasound elastography is now recognized as a promising technique for tissue characterization. Its aim is to provide information about the mechanical properties of soft biological tissues. Since many pathological processes, such as breast or prostate cancer, involve a significant change in tissue stiffness, this information may be of great help for clinicians. This thesis deals with static elastography, which investigates tissue deformation under an externalload. Ln practical terms, pairs of preand post-compression ultrasonic radio-frequency signals are acquired, and changes induced within the signals by the stress are analyze to compute a map of local strains. Accurately estimating the strain is one of the fundamental challenges in elastography, because the clinician's diagnosis will rely on these estimations. Since static elastography has appeared in the early 90s, mainly 1 D methods were developed, estimating the deformation along the US beam's propagation axis. But biological soft tissues are almost incompressible: tissue deformation due to the external static load is therefore three-dimensional. Ln such conditions, 1 D or 2D techniques may lead to insufficiently accurate estimations. That is why we propose in this thesis a 3D technique, designed to accurately estimate biological soft tissue deformation under load. This estimator is applied to pressure ulcer early detection
Deprez, Jean-François Basset Olivier Brusseau Elisabeth. „Estimation 3D de la déformation des tissus mous biologiques par traitement numérique des données ultrasonores radiofréquences“. Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 2009. http://docinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/pont.php?id=deprez.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRUSSIER, SYLVIE. „Les tumeurs desmoides extra-abdominales : localisation osseuse et dans les tissus mous ; a propos de 11 cas“. Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO1M196.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBarbe-Zoppis, Catherine. „Guidage de gestes médico-chirurgicaux sur tissus mous : application à la ponction péricardique assistée par échographie 2,5D“. Grenoble INPG, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPG0163.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFrançois, Valérie. „Sarcomes des tissus mous de la tête et du cou chez l'adulte : analyse d'une série de 40 patients“. Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR23106.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBoman, Françoise. „Facteurs anatomo-pathologiques et géniques du pronostic des sarcomes des tissus mous et du squelette chez l'enfant et l'adolescent“. Nancy 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NAN10448.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDuchemin, Gilles. „Commande et programmation d'un robot d'assistance au geste médical pour des tâches de suivi au contact de tissus mous“. Montpellier 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON20120.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGUIRE, CHRISTOPHE. „Les tumeurs malignes primitives des tissus mous de la main : a propos de 5 cas, revue de la litterature“. Lille 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LIL2M168.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleJafari, Leila. „The effect of tissue mechanical characterization and stimulation parameters on live tissue mechanobiological progression with regard to viscoelasticity and viscoplasticity“. Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6130.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLaforge, Valérie. „La conservation des artefacts textiles : essai d'ethnologie appliquée“. Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29216.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMuret, Jane. „Analyse du rôle de la voie p53 dans la réponse des sarcomes des tissus mous au traitement par TNF-alpha“. Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00769958.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKandil, Karim. „Modélisation multi-physique et multi-échelle des tissus mous stratifiés : application à la réponse multi-axiale du disque intervertébral humain“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL1I040.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe intervertebral disc is probably the most extraordinary tissue that the nature produces, mainly for its unusual time-dependent properties strongly influenced by the biochemical environment and the applied mechanical loading. Establishing accurate structure-property relationships for intervertebral disc annulus fibrosus tissue is a fundamental task for a reliable computer simulation of the human spine. The difficulty emanates from the multi-axiality and the anisotropy of the tissue response along with regional dependency of a complex hierarchic structure interacting with the biochemical environment. In addition, the annulus fibrosus exhibits an unusual time-dependent transversal behavior for which a complete constitutive representation is not yet developed. A physically-based chemo-viscoelastic constitutive model that takes into account an accurate disc annulus structure in relation with the biochemical environment is proposed. Numerical models of annulus specimens and lumbar functional spinal units (one disc and the adjacent vertebrae) are designed while taking into consideration the interlamellar matrix connecting the fibers-reinforced lamellae. At the specimen scale, the model capabilities are verified by experimental comparisons under various conditions in terms of osmolarity, strain-rate and multi-axiality while considering the regional dependency. Our results highlight the determinant role of the interlamellar matrix in the disc multi-axial response. The different scenarios applied to lumbar units show encouraging multi-axial predictive capabilities of our approach making it a promising tool for human spine behavior long-term prediction including age-dependency
Frauziols, Fanny. „Elastographie ultrasonore des tissus mous du membre inférieur en vue de la caractérisation des effets mécaniques de dispositifs médicaux textiles“. Thesis, Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EMSE0809/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleElastic compression of the leg is a widely used treatment in case of pathologies related to venous insufficiency. Its benefits are not to be proven, but still, for some patients, the therapeutic goal is not reached. One goal of this treatment is to reduce transmural pressure applied to veins in order to restore or increase blood return to the heart by the transmission of the external pressure through soft tissues. This is a complex mechanism that can be predicted by patient-specific finite element models. To be patient-specific, these models must take into account the geometry and the distribution of mechanical properties of each subject.In this study, two methodologies are developed to identify the mechanical properties of soft tissues. First, the elastic modulus distribution inside the superficial soft tissues is measured by shear wave ultrasound elastography. Second, the mechanical properties of deep soft tissues are identified through an inverse method combining the data acquired from an experimental localized compression of the leg to a bi-dimensional finite element model.These two methodologies allow to evaluate the mechanical properties heterogeneity from the skin to the fascia cruris and to characterize the non-linear behaviour of deep soft tissues. Finally, the results from both methodologies are brought together to generate a biomechanical model of the leg under elastic compression to predict pressure distribution inside soft tissues for four healthy subjects
VERGUES, LAURENCE. „Les metastases pleurales et pulmonaires des sarcomes des tissus mous de l'adulte : a propos de 17 cas en milieu pneumologique“. Lyon 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO1M104.
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