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1
Elizabeth, Hirschman, Hrsg. The semiotics of consumption: Interpreting symbolic consumer behavior in popular culture and works of art. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 1993.
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2
Ahola, Eeva-Katri. Producing experience in marketplace encounters: A study of consumption experiences in art exhibitions and trade fairs. [Helsinki]: Helsinki School of Economics, 2007.
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3
Dong, Diansheng. Promoting fruit and vegetable consumption: Are coupons more effective than pure price discounts? Washington, D.C.]: United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, 2010.
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4
1952-, Fornäs Johan, Hrsg. Consuming media: Communication, shopping and everyday life. Oxford: Berg, 2007.
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5
Lardner, Ted. Exchanges: Reading and writing about consumer culture. New York: Longman, 2001.
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6
1935-, Lasker G. E., International Institute for Advanced Studies in Systems Research and Cybernetics. und International Conference on Systems Research, Informatics, and Cybernetics. (10th : 1998 : Baden-Baden, Germany), Hrsg. Advances in sociocybernetics and human development: Culture of peace: design issues, peace, autonomy and freedom, contemporary effect of ideology on life & culture, art and consumption: commercial aspects, promises of information society, cyberspace technologies, geomantic design in a virtual reality environment, global information sharing, creating a sense of place for global culture, developing kind and caring behaviour in children. Windsor, Ont: International Institute for Advanced Studies in Systems Research and Cybernetics, 1998.
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7
Fetisch + Konsum: Fetish + consumption. Stuttgart: Akademie Schloss Solitude, 2009.
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8
Semiotics of Consumption: Interpreting Symbolic Consumer Behavior in Popular Culture and Works of Art. De Gruyter, Inc., 2012.
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9
Button, Tara. Life Less Throwaway: The Lost Art of Buying for Life. HarperCollins Publishers Limited, 2018.
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10
A life less throwaway: The lost art of buying for life. 2018.
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11
Warenästhetik: Neue Perspektiven auf Konsum, Kultur und Kunst. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 2011.
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12
LOK, Johnny Ch. What Are Students and Travellers Similar Consumption Behaviors. Independently Published, 2019.
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13
The Age Of Selfish Altruism Why New Values Are Killing Consumerism. John Wiley & Sons, 2010.
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14
Brown, Marilyn A., und Benjamin K. Sovacool. Theorizing the Behavioral Dimension of Energy Consumption. Herausgegeben von Debra J. Davidson und Matthias Gross. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190633851.013.9.
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This chapter focuses on the well-documented misalignment between energy-related behaviors and the personal values of consumers, which has become a major source of angst among policymakers. Despite widespread pro-environmental or green attitudes, consumers frequently purchase non-green alternatives. The chapter identifies 50 theoretical approaches that can be divided almost equally into two types: those that emphasize beliefs, attitudes, and values; and those that also consider contextual factors and social norms. Three principles of intervention are recommended: provide credible and targeted information at points of decision; identify and address the key factors inhibiting and promoting the target behaviors in particular populations; and rigorously evaluate programs to provide credible estimates of impact and opportunities for improvement. The chapter recommends that research on the value-action gap be expanded beyond the traditional focus on individuals to include decision-making units such as households, boards of directors, commercial buying units, and government procurement groups.
15
Meiselman, Herbert L., und H. J. H. MacFie. Food Choice Acceptance and Consumption. Springer, 1996.
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Meiselman, Herbert L., und H. J. H. MacFie. Food Choice, Acceptance and Consumption. Springer London, Limited, 2012.
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17
Wherry, Frederick F., und Ian Woodward, Hrsg. The Oxford Handbook of Consumption. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190695583.001.0001.
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This book examines the most pressing questions addressed by consumption studies scholars today. The volume counteracts the tendency towards disciplinary myopia as it engages scholars from around the world drawing on sociology, anthropology, psychology, history, consumption studies, and marketing. The volume’s thirty-one chapters are organized around six themes, facilitating cross-disciplinary exploration. The volume covers consumer transactions and credit scoring as important drivers of consumer behaviors, race and ethnicity and consumer inequality, brands and branding, the embeddedness of marketing, consumer culture theory, the sharing economy, ethical consumption, environmental sustainability, and variations in urban scenes where consumption thrives.
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Jappelli, Tullio, und Luigi Pistaferri. Complete Markets. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199383146.003.0003.
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The chapter presents a model with complete markets, a situation in which consumers can access a full set of insurance contracts and are protected against any possible risk. Although in this model consumers are exposed to risks, the complete-market assumption in fact neutralizes their effect on consumption. The assumption of complete markets has two consequences for the analysis of intertemporal choice. First, it neutralizes the effect of uncertainty on the distribution of individual consumption over time. Individuals behave as if there were no uncertainty. Second, it makes individual behavior coincide with aggregate behavior, so that we can study either one indifferently. The chapter also surveys some of the tests of the complete-market hypothesis and the implication of the complete-market hypothesis for consumption inequality and consumption mobility.
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Barr, Christina S. Gene-by-Environment Interactions in Primates. Herausgegeben von Turhan Canli. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199753888.013.006.
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Because of their complex social structures, behaviors, and genetic similarities to humans, nonhuman primates are useful for studying how genetic factors influence alcohol consumption. The neurobiological systems that influence addiction vulnerability may do so by acting on alcohol response, reward pathways, behavioral dyscontrol, and vulnerability to stress and anxiety. Rhesus macaques show individual differences in alcohol response and temperament, and such differences are influenced by genetic variants that are similar functionally to those present in humans. Genes in which variation moderates these phenotypes provide opportunities for modeling how genetic and environmental factors (i.e., stress exposure, individual’s sex, or alcohol response) interact to influence alcohol consumption. Studies in primates may also reveal selective factors that have driven maintenance or fixation of alleles that increase risk for alcohol use disorders in modern humans.
20
Sheehy-Skeffington, Jennifer. Decision-Making Up Against the Wall. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190492908.003.0005.
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This chapter provides an overview of research on the behavioral dimension of low socioeconomic status and a set of theoretical and empirical principles for better understanding it. In particular, the chapter focuses on those behaviors that are claimed to exacerbate a situation of poverty or deprivation, such as poor academic performance, myopic financial decisions, early child-bearing, consumption of unhealthy foods, and engaging in unhealthy lifestyle habits. Though such behavioral patterns have been used to make claims as to the defective values or motives of the poor, the chapter argues that studying them rigorously, aided by the experimental method, leads to a more nuanced and accurate picture, in which psychology is systematically shaped by socioeconomic position. After reviewing evidence from education, public health, and behavioral economics concerning the behavioral dimension of low socioeconomic status, the chapter suggests an organizing set of mechanisms that might structure a comprehensive explanatory account of it.
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Welch, Evelyn. Sites of Consumption in Early Modern Europe. Herausgegeben von Frank Trentmann. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199561216.013.0012.
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In 1535, the Venetian patrician Francesco Priuli began a new account book for his household's daily expenditure. Despite his elevated standing, he kept it in his own hand, noting with precision how his money was spent, where, when, and on what. There are a number of things to note about this patrician family's behaviour. One is that a major mercantile city such as Venice already offered a wide range of shopping spaces and opportunities in the early sixteenth century (and had for many years). Also, forms of payment varied and could take place long after the goods had been transferred. Moreover, Priuli's purchases (and his occasional sales) make it clear that Venice's large second-hand markets provided economic security. This article focuses on sites of consumption in early modern Europe, first considering the moral aspects of the division of labour and then discussing the spectacles of consumption. It also examines credit, the sites of bargaining and exchange of material goods, and activities such as lotteries, second-hand dealers, pawnbrokers, and auctions.
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Jappelli, Tullio, und Luigi Pistaferri. The Response of Consumption to Unanticipated Changes in Income. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199383146.003.0009.
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In this chapter we examine tests of the hypothesis that consumption will respond to unanticipated income changes and that the response will depend on the persistence of the shock and on the degree of imperfection in the credit and insurance markets. The literature has considered three approaches to estimating the effect of income shocks on consumption, that is, the marginal propensity to consume. One identifies episodes in which income changes unexpectedly and seeks to evaluate, in a quasi-experimental setting, how consumption reacts. A second estimates the marginal propensity to consume with respect to income shocks using the covariance restrictions imposed by theory on the joint behavior of consumption and income growth. The third estimates the impact of shocks by combining realizations and expectations of income or consumption in surveys where data on subjective expectations are available.
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Gerth, Karl. As China Goes, So Goes the World: How Chinese Consumers Are Transforming Everything. Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 2010.
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Gerth, Karl. As China Goes, So Goes the World: How Chinese Consumers Are Transforming Everything. Hill and Wang, 2011.
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25
Baule, Bernward, Dirk Hohnsträter, Stefan Krankenhagen und Jörn Lamla, Hrsg. Transformationen des Konsums. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783748903918.
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Where is our consumer society headed? How have the attitudes and behaviour of consumers changed? Are we witnessing a shift from mass industrial consumption towards individual digital consumption? This book documents the third annual conference of the Netzwerk Verbraucherforschung (Consumer Research Network). Profound changes in the history of consumption, such as those that occurred during the industrial revolution and those that are occurring as a result of digitalisation, can only be understood through interdisciplinary research efforts. Therefore, in addition to the traditional subjects in the field of consumer science, such as economics, law, politics and social science, this book includes the perspectives of historiography and cultural studies. It not only aims to promote the exchange of the current findings of consumer science research in academia and politics, but also to heighten knowledge transfer.
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Rahat, Gideon, und Ofer Kenig. Parties versus Politicians Online. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198808008.003.0008.
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The chapter starts with a brief overview of the study of political personalization online, then focuses on its claims concerning the influence of online platforms on political personalization. It then analyses online personalization by comparing the online presence and activity of parties, party leaders, and prominent politicians from twenty-five democracies, and also the consumption rate of their Facebook pages. High variance at the national levels of personalization online demonstrates that personalization is not a necessary development of politics in the age of online social networks. Levels of online controlled media personalization do not seem to be generally high. Parties are present online more than individual politicians, and in most cases the amount of their output is higher. Online personalization in voters’ behavior—the consumption side—is, however, prevalent. Such personalization is evident in the amounts of the consumption of the outputs of party leaders, but not of other prominent politicians.
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Chiappori, Pierre-Andre. Welfare and the Household. Herausgegeben von Matthew D. Adler und Marc Fleurbaey. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199325818.013.26.
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Inequality measures typically consider inequality between households, whereas one should ultimately be interested in inequality between individuals. We review some conceptual issues raised by the evaluation of intra-household inequality, in particular in the presence of public consumptions. We then describe recent theoretical and empirical advances in modelling household behavior, which are based on the collective model of household behavior. Lastly, we discuss normative issues involved, in particular when the weighting of individual welfare that is implicit in the household’s decision process is not socially optimal.
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Bickel, Warren, E. Terry Mueller, James MacKillop und Richard Yi. Behavioral-Economic and Neuroeconomic Perspectives on Addiction. Herausgegeben von Kenneth J. Sher. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199381678.013.015.
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Behavioral economics construes addiction as a pattern of pathological decisions favoring consumption of drugs versus healthy reinforcers. This chapter introduces basic behavioral-economic concepts and reviews results from operant laboratory studies, purchase task studies, and clinical studies that validate the concepts’ utility in addiction research. Research and theory about the economic significance of the delay to receipt of a chosen commodity (delay discounting) is reviewed. Additionally, research bearing on the validity of the competing neurobehavioral decision systems hypothesis, a neuroeconomic theory, is considered by drawing on a diversity of data including functional magnetic resonance imaging (fRMI) and genetic studies. This new theory proposes that addiction is due to hyperactive impulsive and hypoactive executive systems in the brain. Future directions for research and treatment are reviewed.
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Margairaz, Dominique. City and Country: Home, Possessions, and Diet, Western Europe 1600–1800. Herausgegeben von Frank Trentmann. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199561216.013.0010.
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Already in the early modern period, urban elites defined the city as a place of civilization and cultural progress in stark opposition to the brute nature and barbarism associated with the countryside. To what extent is it possible to generalize about the differences in material surroundings and daily life between city and country? Are these differences, where they exist, the result of different attitudes and behaviour with regard to consumption? These questions raise the issue of the relationship between home consumption and the degree to which households were integrated into the market, but they point also to the consumption choices and consumer preferences that can be seen in the probate inventories of material goods owned by urban and rural populations. In the contemporary imagination, crowded cities are opposed to a spacious countryside. In reality, dwelling was more complex in early modern Europe. This article compares home, possessions, and diet in city and country in Western Europe between 1600 and 1800, and considers urban and rural dress as well as food consumption in town and country.
30
Hill, Jennifer. How Consumer Culture Controls Our Kids. ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400666575.
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This gripping book considers the history, techniques, and goals of child-targeted consumer campaigns and examines children's changing perceptions of what commodities they "need" to be valued and value themselves. In this critique of America's consumption-based society, author Jennifer Hill chronicles the impact of consumer culture on children—from the evolution of childhood play to a child's self-perception as a consumer to the consequences of this generation's repeated media exposure to violence. Hill proposes that corporations, eager to tap into a multibillion-dollar market, use the power of advertising and the media to mold children's thoughts and behaviors. The book features vignettes with teenagers explaining, in their own words, how advertising determines their needs, wants, and self-esteem. An in-depth analysis of this research reveals the influence of media on a young person's desire to conform, shows how broadcasted depictions of beauty distort the identities of children and teens, and uncovers corporate agendas for manipulating behavior in the younger generation. The work concludes with the position that corporations are shaping children to be efficient consumers but, in return, are harming their developing young minds and physical well-being.
31
Beyond The Limits To Growth New Ideas For Sustainability From Japan. Springer Verlag, Japan, 2013.
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Hohnsträter, Dirk, Stefan Krankenhagen und Jörn Lamla, Hrsg. Verbrauchermacht in Bewegung. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783748934295.
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Consumers can influence markets through their consumption behaviour—whether by consciously choosing or rejecting certain products and consumption patterns, or by loudly protesting, for example in demonstrations against climate change. But how far does the power of consumers extend? How capable of conflict are they in the face of often heterogeneous interests, differing objectives and, at best, weakly developed group identities? What forms of interest articulation are available and how are they used? What role do consumer policy, companies and the digital revolution play in this regard? This volume documents the fifth annual conference of the Consumer Research Network. With contributions by Dr. Holger Backhaus-Maul, Prof. Dr. Kai Uwe Hellmann, Prof. Dr. Christian Kastrop, Dr. Annekathrin Kohout, Prof. Dr. Jörn Lamla, Dr. Alexander Sedlmaier, Prof. Dr. Holger Straßheim, Prof. Dr. Christoph Strünck, Maria Ullrich, M.A. and Dr. Katharina Witterhold.
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Walter, C. S. Dance, Consumerism, and Spirituality. Palgrave Macmillan, 2014.
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34
As China goes, so goes the world: How Chinese consumers are transforming everything. New York: Hill and Wang, 2010.
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35
Harrichurran, Priyanka, Claire Vermaak und Colette Muller. The influence of household composition on leisure time in South Africa: A gender comparison. 29. Aufl. UNU-WIDER, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/2021/967-9.
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This study considers how household composition influences the leisure time of men and women in South Africa, using the South African 2010 Time Use Survey. Studying leisure time is important since the allocation of time outside the market provides insights into market behaviour and physical and mental health. Household composition and leisure consumption are highly gendered, with women typically living in larger households and consuming less leisure than men. Regression analysis shows that leisure time allocations are highly dependent on who lives in the household and Oaxaca–Blinder decomposition analysis finds that gender differences in mean leisure time can be attributed to household members, affecting the leisure time of male and female respondents differently. Overall, the results are consistent with traditional gender roles within the household and highlight the lack of intra-household bargaining power for women, providing evidence of gender inequality. Lower leisure consumption for women may have negative implications for their productivity in terms of paid and unpaid work, and for their well-being.
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Devlin, Michael J., und Joanna E. Steinglass. Feeding and Eating Disorders. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199326075.003.0009.
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This chapter discusses feeding and eating disorders, which are characterized by disturbed eating behavior and excessive concern about body weight and shape. There is substantial comorbidity of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Many patients with bulimia nervosa have other mental health problems related to impulse control as well, such as substance use disorders. Patients with binge-eating disorder experience periods of consumption of objectively large amounts of food accompanied by a feeling of loss of control. Anorexia nervosa is one of the most lethal psychiatric illnesses, as it is associated with mortality rates as high as 5% per decade of illness.
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Jimenez Mori, Raul, und Ariel Yépez-García. How Do Households Consume Energy?: Evidence from Latin American and Caribbean Countries. Inter-American Development Bank, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002874.
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How do households consume and spend on energy? What are the drivers of their spending and consumption patterns? How does energy consumption has evolved? What is to be expected as the region climbs the development ladder? What are the distributive implications of different energy pricing approaches? This book looks at these questions and examines which policies work in reducing energy poverty and increasing energy savings. The authors unveil the growing household demand of better quality of energy and show that to achieve more cost-effective and progressive public policies, it is necessary to strengthen the transparency and sustainability of energy pricing while having into account the consumer behavioral responses. This volume is a resource for designing energy policies based on an empirical understanding of the household’s energy needs.
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Jappelli, Tullio, und Luigi Pistaferri. Conclusions. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199383146.003.0015.
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The final chapter summarizes the material covered by the book, offering our perspectives on areas of consent, disagreement, and future research. The book analyzes how consumers respond to changes in their economic environment and react to risks they face during the life cycle. In addressing these issues, the basic life-cycle permanent-income model is augmented with other significant features of consumers’ preferences and environment: precautionary motives for saving, borrowing constraints, life span uncertainty, intergenerational transfers, non-separability between consumption and leisure, habits, and financial sophistication. By and large, one can reconcile some puzzling facts present in the empirical data by means of relatively modest modifications of the basic version of the model, such as provision for home production and non-separable preferences between consumption and leisure. However, in order to explain other “anomalies” and “puzzles” observed in individuals’ actual saving and financial behaviors, more important modifications to the standard framework are required.
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Weir, Robert E., Hrsg. Class in America. Greenwood Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400627101.
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In the United States, social class ranks with gender, race, and ethnicity in determining the values, activities, political behavior, and life chances of individuals. Most scholars agree on the importance of class, although they often disagree on what it is and how it impacts Americans. This A-Z encyclopedia, the first to focus on class in the United States, surveys the breadth of class strata throughout our history, for high school students to the general public. Class is illuminated in 525 essay entries on significant people, terms, theories, programs, institutions, eras, ethnic groups, places, and much more. This useful set is an authoritative, fascinating source for in-demand information on key aspects of our culture and society and helps researchers to narrow down a broad topic. Class is revealed from angles that often intersect: through history, with entries such as Founding Fathers, the Industrial Revolution, Westward Expansion; through economics, with entries such as Dot.com Bubble, Robber Barons, Chicago School of Economics, Lottery, Wage Slaves, Economic Equal Opportunity Act, Stock Market, Inheritance Taxes, Wal-Mart, Welfare; through social indicators such as Conspicuous Consumption, the Hamptons, WASP, Homelessness, Social Climbing; through politics with entries such as Anarchism, Braceros, Heritage Foundation, Communist Party, Kennedy Family; and through culture through entries such as Country Music, The Great Gatsby, Television, and Studs Terkel. Class is also approached from ethnic, sexual, religious, educational, and regional angles. Special features include an introduction, timeline, suggested reading per entry, cross-references, reader's guide to topics, and thorough index. Sample entries: Immigration, Education, Labor Movement, Pink-Collar Workers, AFL-CIO, Strikes, Great Depression, Jacob Riis, Literature, the Rockefellers, Slavery, Music, Academia, Family, Suburbia, McMansions, Taxation, Segregation, Racism, Ivy League, Robber Barons, Philanthropists, Socialites, Religion, Welfare, the American Dream, Dot.com Millionaires, Equal Opportunity, Founding Fathers, Wage Slaves, Industrial Revolution, Capitalism, Economics, Appalachia, Horse Racing, Gender, Communist Party, Country Clubs, Religion, American Indians, Conspicuous Consumption, Studs Terkel, Film, Class-Consciousness, Work Ethic, Media, Television, Puritans, Homelessness, Status Symbols, Assimilation/Melting Pot, Art, Westward Expansion, Poverty, The Great Gatsby, Stock Market, Working Poor, Gated Communities, the Hamptons, Social Climbing, Crime, Lottery, Elitism, WASP, American Dream, Noam Chomsky, Fortune Magazine
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Moodie, Deonnie. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190885267.003.0006.
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Modernizers work to refine the behavior and decorum of Hindus and to cleanse the goddess Kālī for bourgeois global consumption. They work together with state bodies to make Hindu temples part of the modern urban skyline and to facilitate transportation between them, creating pilgrimage circuits in their cities. Even as they are contested, such efforts are sure to affect some changes in the ways that Hinduism is practiced and in the ways India’s urban landscapes are experienced. When temples change, so does Hinduism, and so do Indian cities. In order to understand the role that Hinduism plays in modern Indian society—and the kinds of major temple-building and -renovating projects that are so ubiquitous throughout India today, from Kolkata to Chennai, Delhi, and Bangalore—scholarly attention must be trained more closely to the intertwined discourses of temples and modernity as they have developed in India from the colonial period to the present.
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Clark, Gordon L., Maryann P. Feldman, Meric S. Gertler und Dariusz Wójcik, Hrsg. The New Oxford Handbook of Economic Geography. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198755609.001.0001.
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The New Oxford Handbook of Economic Geography is the most comprehensive and significant statement about the value and potential of economic geography in 2017. Sixty-six leading economists and geographers from around the world investigate the rival theories and perspectives that have sustained the development of economic geography. The Handbook also focuses on linkages, including those between inequality, instability, and sustainability in the global economy; economic behaviour, strategies, and practices; mobility and creativity; resources and development; and distribution and consumption. The Handbook is concerned with theories and perspectives that are relevant to economic geography today. The book is split into eight parts, providing comprehensive coverage of the following themes: Grounded in Place; Conceptual Foundations; Innovation; The Firm; Work; Finance; Resources and the Environment; and Strategies for Development
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Jacquet, Jennifer. Guilt and Shame in U.S. Climate Change Communication. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.575.
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Some of the major misconceptions in the United States about climate change—such as the focus on scientific uncertainty, the “debate” over whether climate change is caused by humans, and pushback about how severe the consequences might be—can be seen as communications battles. An interesting area within communications is the contrasting use of guilt and shame for climate-related issues. Guilt and shame are social emotions (along with embarrassment, pride, and others), but guilt and shame are also distinct tools. On the one hand, guilt regulates personal behavior, and because it requires a conscience, guilt can be used only against individuals. Shame, on the other hand, can be used against both individuals and groups by calling their behavior out to an audience. Shaming allows citizens to express criticism and social sanctions, attempting to change behavior through social pressure, often because the formal legal system is not holding transgressors accountable. Through the use of guilt and shame we can see manifestations of how we perceive the problem of climate change and who is responsible for it. For instance, in October 2008, Chevron, one of the world’s largest fossil fuel companies, placed advertisements around Washington, DC, public transit stops featuring wholesome-looking, human faces with captions such as “I will unplug things more,” “I will use less energy,” and “I will take my golf clubs out of the trunk.” Six months later, DC activists reworked the slogans by adding to each the phrase “while Chevron pollutes.” This case of corporate advertising and subsequent “adbusting” illustrates the contrast between guilt and shame in climate change communication. Guilt has tended to align with the individualization of responsibility for climate change and has been primarily deployed over issues of climate-related consumption rather than other forms of behavior, such as failure to engage politically. Shame has been used, largely by civil society groups, as a primary tactic against fossil fuel producers, peddlers of climate denial, and industry-backed politicians.
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Nutt, David J., und Liam J. Nestor. Appetite hormones and addiction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198797746.003.0012.
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Many of the same behavioural and brain disturbances observed in addiction are also seen in obesity and binge-eating disorder. This suggests that there are shared neural substrates between substance addiction and compulsive food consumption. Food intake and appetite are regulated by numerous appetite hormones that exert their effects through brain systems involved in reward sensitivity, stress, impulsivity, and compulsivity. There is now emerging evidence that appetite hormones (e.g. ghrelin, glucagon-like peptide-1, orexin) can modulate addictive behaviours (e.g. craving) and the intake of alcohol and drugs. Therefore, there is an emerging shift into a new field of testing drugs that affect appetite hormones and their receptors in the brain, and their use in regulating the brain mechanisms that lead to relapse in addiction disorders.
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Herminghaus, S. Where grains and fluids meet: the complex physics of wet granular matter. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789352.003.0009.
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In this chapter, the physics of wet granular matter is discussed. The practical significance of wet granular matter goes of course well beyond the construction of sand sculptures. Most industrial raw materials are solids and come in granular form, and the processes into which they feed involve their being mixed with liquids and agglomerated, conveyed, kneaded, or cast in moulds. For appropriately engineering these processes, including the minimization of energy consumption, a deep understanding of the mechanical properties of this class of materials is indispensable. Furthermore, if we want to mitigate, or even reliably predict, such devastating events as land slides or mud flows, we need to study the dynamical behaviour of wet granular matter in detail. This applies as well to other, similar systems of relevance, such as ice and snow avalanches, which can be modelled as wet granular systems as well.
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Diaconu, Madalina. Aesthetics of Weather. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350416697.
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In an age of rife consumption and increasing need for consideration of sustainable social practices, an exploration of the aesthetics of weather from various angles becomes vital in shedding light on its importance to our experience of the changing world. In response, offering the first in-depth and nuanced examination of the aesthetics of weather, this book underlines the relevance the concept has for scientific communication, for fostering sustainable patterns of behaviour and for rejecting the environmentally-damaging “consumption” of landscapes and fine weather. In addition, it provides examples taken from global, contemporary popular culture whilst calling attention to the socioeconomic and political dimensions of individual experience, demonstrating and analysing our fascination with, and cultural interpretations of, weather phenomena in our everyday lives. Within its three sections, the volume reinvents traditional phenomenological methods to create socially, politically and historically embedded ‘phenomenographies’ and explore the importance of aesthetic practices in shaping our experience of weather and climate. It also provides a deeper engagement with general topics, such as the relationship between perception, emotion, imagination, and cognition in our aesthetic experience of the weather, combining these with aesthetic analyses of the so-called “fine weather”. With its broad scope of inquiry ranging from Aristotle to eco-phenomenology, from the pioneers of scientific meteorology to contemporary art, and from everyday aesthetics to geoengineering, this book argues that an aesthetics of weather inflected by greater knowledge and the taking of a critical stance towards aestheticism can become a valuable ally to climate ethics in the Anthropocene.
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Ward, L. Monique, Rita Seabrook, Soraya Giaccardi und Angie Zuo. Television Uses and Effects in Emerging Adulthood. Herausgegeben von Jeffrey Jensen Arnett. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199795574.013.26.
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Even though media platforms have multiplied in recent years, television viewing remains a prominent feature of the daily lives of emerging adults. The genres preferred and motivations for viewing are diverse, and many emerging adults report watching TV for relaxation, entertainment, and voyeurism. Despite their reasons for doing so, regular viewing of mainstream television content has many implications for emerging adults’ development. In this chapter, the authors review more than 150 studies that have examined television uses and effects among emerging adults. Overall, data gathered across both survey and experimental paradigms indicate significant effects in multiple domains, linking television exposure to higher levels of aggression, body dissatisfaction, alcohol consumption, sexualization of women, and the endorsement of racial, sexual, and gender stereotypes. The authors also review some positive effects on health beliefs and behaviors and discuss characteristics of the viewer and content that moderate these associations.
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Misra, Girishwar, Hrsg. Psychology: Volume 3. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199498864.001.0001.
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This survey of research on psychology in five volumes is a part of a series undertaken by the ICSSR since 1969, which covers various disciplines under social science. Volume Three of the survey, Psychology of Organizations, focusses on some of the important facets of organizational behaviour. Research in the work setting has observed that factors like family responsibilities, non-work events, and employment-related legislation also influence work behaviour. Today, technology is increasingly playing greater role in organizational settings and workplaces are becoming more and more diverse in their social compositions. In addition, work is increasingly being accomplished by teams rather than by single individuals. The performance in work settings is not determined by the mental and physical abilities but by other attributes such as personality, interpersonal skills, and emotional intelligence. Work is also becoming complex, as people who participate in the activities at workplace often interact in complex ways. In this scenario, worker motivation is becoming a key challenge as it influences organizational performance. This volume examines issues of motivation, performance, and leadership in Indian organizations, along with consumer concerns in India. It explicates the dynamics of organizational performance and analyses the impact of employees’ negative attitude, affect, and behaviour in the corporate setting. The contributors also study moral and ethical dimensions of the corporate life and look at the way consumption practices have evolved in contemporary India. This volume also presents a model of ethical leadership based on Guna theory and principle of Karma appropriate for Indian setting. It explores the potential of inspirational meta value for revamping the corporate functioning and overcoming corruption and other malpractices.
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Counihan, Carole. Gendering Food. Herausgegeben von Jeffrey M. Pilcher. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199729937.013.0006.
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One of the central questions in feminism is whether gender matters. In the case of food activism, gender is also a controversial issue. In particular, one may ask how foodways—the beliefs and behaviors surrounding food production, distribution, and consumption—constrain and empower men and women to become political actors, or how gender power and identity are enacted in food activism. In this article, the author reviews the literature on food and gender and examines how gender can enlighten the study of food activism. She draws on her own ethnographic research on food, culture, and gender in Sardinia and Florence in Italy, and in Pennsylvania and Colorado in the United States. Using a food-centered life history methodology, the author has investigated people's depictions of the role of food in their lives. Her findings show that women use food as a medium to talk about their experiences, their cultures, and their beliefs. Thus, food allows the public to become aware of lives that would otherwise go unnoticed—the lives of ordinary women.
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Rohling, Eelco J. Rebalancing Our Climate. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197502556.001.0001.
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Over recent decades, a wide variety of studies and assessment reports has portrayed a stark picture of humanity’s detrimental impacts on our planet’s life and environmental health. Climate change is at the heart of many of these impacts. This cannot be allowed to continue, given the relentless human population growth and ever-expanding energy and resource consumption. We have but one planet, and its ecosystem services are essential to our survival. As Rebalancing Our Climate reports, the doomsday scenario can still be averted; humanity stands at a crossroads where it must take the route of sustainable behavior. Decisive action can still make a significant difference to climate change. This is humanity’s greatest challenge. To have any chance of success, however, the time to act can be delayed no longer. Instead, it is right now: today is the future. This book documents a wealth of ways to adjust the trajectory of climate change. It outlines measures to drive massive reductions of greenhouse gas emissions, to remove greenhouse gases from the atmosphere, and to reflect part of the incoming energy from the Sun. For all measures, the book evaluates both advantages and disadvantages. Finally, it discusses the need to protect ourselves from impacts that have become inevitable already and looks at how society may be driven to get the job done. In short, this book provides powerful facts and arguments to support informed choices.
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Reinke-Williams, Tim, Mary Harlow, James Davis, Tim Reinke-Williams, Ilja Van Damme, Erika Rappaport, Vicki Howard und Ray Laurence, Hrsg. A Cultural History of Shopping in the Early Modern Age. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350293267.
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Across Europe, the Early Modern period was marked by political, religious and cultural upheaval. It also saw the beginnings of a capitalist world economy which was underpinned by consumption. This volume engages with the key debates around continuity and change in consumer behaviour in the ‘long 16th century’ and the ways in which shopping became an educational and exciting act for many men and women across the social spectrum: shops and market stalls were filled with an increasingly wide range of goods made by skilled craftspeople and transported by merchants making evermore ambitious and lucrative journeys across the world. Even servants and the poor were exposed to these new things, for they could consume by eye and ear what they could not afford to take home in material form. Although they did not yet have a word for the activity of “shopping,” in this period men and women came to understand that this activity was more than a functional act to acquire necessities. A Cultural History of Shopping in the Early Modern Age presents an overview of the period with themes addressing practices and processes; spaces and places; shoppers and identities; luxury and everyday; home and family; visual and literary representations; reputation, trust and credit; and governance, regulation and the state.