Dissertationen zum Thema „ARN – Troubles du métabolisme“
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Clapé, Cyrielle. „Contrôle du métabolisme et de la prolifération par les microARN et les acteurs du cycle cellulaire“. Montpellier 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON1T008.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleParticipation of cell cycle regulators in metabolic processes represents a new link between cell proliferation and cell metabolism. External stimuli, like cold and fasting conditions, could induce a proliferative response, but also a metabolic response. Previously, we have shown that the cell cycle regulators, CDK4, pRB and E2F1 play a crucial role during adipogenesis and pancreatic function. Here we show that E2F1 could actively participate in regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and function. E2FA represses the expression of Pgc-1 alpha, which is master regulator of energy homeostasy in brown adipose tissue and muscle. Interestingly mitochondrial genes in cdk4-/- mice seems to be inversely correlated with gene expression in e2fl-/- mice. Finally, CDK4 coould [i. E. Could] play a role in lipid metabolism. MicroRNAs are endogenous, non-coding and small RNAs, which negatively regulate gene expression and are implicated in many cellular processes. We showed that mir-143 expression is inversely correlated with advanced stages of prostate cancer. ERK5, a target of mir-143, is known to promote the proliferation and its expression is aberrant in prostate cancer. Mir-143 could be directly implicated in carcinogenesis througe [i. E. Through] ERK5. This suggest taht [i. E. That] mir-143 could be a tumor suppressor in prostate cancer. Our results show that metabolic and proliferative changes observed in cancer development are closely linked, but also regulated by cell cycle regulators and microRNAs
Marguet, Christophe. „Contribution à l'étude des pathologies du métabolisme phosphocalcique : étude de la sous-unité de la proteine G stimulatrice de l'adényl-cyclase (Gsα)“. Rouen, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1999ROUES035.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLallemant, Louison. „Pathologie neuronale et gliale en lien avec les atteintes neurologiques de la dystrophie myotonique de type 1 (DM1)“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2023SORUS404.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMyotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is a severe neuromuscular disease affecting many tissues and organs. The debilitating neurological manifestations vary from executive dysfunction in adults, to attention deficits and low processing speed in pediatric patients, to severe intellectual disability in congenital cases. DM1 neurological manifestations have a profound impact on the daily life of patients and their families, and there is currently no treatment for this disease. DM1 is caused by the abnormal expansion of a CTG repeat in DMPK gene. Expanded DMPK transcripts are toxic because they accumulate in the cell nucleus, disrupting the activity of important RNA-binding proteins. As a consequence, DM1 cells show abnormal RNA metabolism and processing of many downstream transcripts. Despite progress in the understanding of the muscle pathophysiology, the disease mechanisms remain unclear in the CNS. We still do not know which cell types and molecular pathways are primarily affected in the brain and how they contribute to DM1 neurological symptoms. In order to investigate this problem, our laboratory has developed a transgenic mouse model of DM1: DMSXL mice express expanded human DMPK transcripts in multiple tissues, notably in the brain, and display relevant behavioral, electrophysiological and neurochemical phenotypes. Using this mouse model, the objective of my thesis was to better understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the neuronal and non-neuronal impairment linked to the neurological damages of DM1. I first focused on the characterization of the different cell types in the DMSXL brain. A multi-omics study was carried out on DMSXL neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. Our results, which show that glial cells are more impacted by CTG repeats, have allowed us to better understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms of DM1 in the CNS, but above all to emphasize the importance of studying not only the neurons, but also astrocytes and oligodendrocytes in the pathological context of DM1. I then got involved in the study of astrocyte pathology in DM1. We thus demonstrated that DMSXL astrocytes exhibited reduced ramification and impaired cell adhesion, and had a strong negative impact on neuritogenesis. In the same time, I also participated in the study of oligodendroglia impairment in DM1. We found that the toxic CUG RNA disrupts the molecular program of oligodendrocyte (OL) differentiation, impairing the transcriptome changes occurring during the oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPC)-OL transition and leading to transient hypomyelination in mice. I also studied the neuronal pathology in DMSXL mice. Our results demonstrated that the accumulation of toxic RNA foci in neurons perturbs mainly protein phosphorylation, which seems to lead to neuronal morphological defects associated with vesicle dynamics impairment and axonal transport defects. The three main cell types of the brain therefore present significant damage in the context of DM1, which could have an impact on crucial processes of cerebral functioning. Indeed, we have demonstrated an alteration in neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity in DMSXL mice. All together my work has provided novel insight into the cell-specific mechanisms operating in DM1, demonstrating the implication of astrocyte, oligodendrocyte and neuron defects in a DM1mouse model, and contributing towards an integrative understanding of brain pathology
Quessard, Laurent. „Déplétion en Adn mitochondrial chez l'enfant : à propos d'un cas d'encéphalomyopathie de révélation précoce“. Bordeaux 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR2M102.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTartarin, Pauline. „Rôle de la voie de signalisation AMPK/mTOR dans la fonction de reproduction“. Thesis, Tours, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOUR4009/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn mammals, the energy metabolism exerts a strong influence on fertility. In females as in males, either a drop or an excess of the nutritional supplies induce modulations of the hormonal synthesis as well as viable gametes production. Our objective was 1) to define the role of AMPK, the AMP-activated protein kinase, a cell sensor of the energy reserves, in male reproduction; 2) to study the involvement of mTORC1, the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1, another indicator of metabolism, in the cells of the central nervous system that regulate fertility. We have shown a decrease of fertility, linked to a testicular hyperandrogenia and dysfunctional spermatozoa in α1AMPK deficient mice. Moreover, in utero exposure to an AMPK activator, the metformin, induced a decrease in testicular volume and testosterone concentration (17dpc). Finally, inactivation of mTORC1 by interferent RNA in the adjacents cells of the hypothalamus tends to increase litter size, linked to a rise of FSH and the terminal folliculogenesis. In conclusion, this study confirms the role of these two complexes, energetic sensors, on the functionality of the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis
Delvenne, Véronique. „Le métabolisme cérébral dans les troubles des conduites alimentaires“. Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212471.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleShleifer, Michae͏̈l. „Troubles du métabolisme lipidique et athérosclérose-études et stratégies“. Paris 5, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA05P124.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLieber, Ari Leib. „Macro- et microcirculation au cours des troubles du métabolisme glucidique“. Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA077163.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHigh blood pressure and glucose metabolism disorders share common comorbidities that originate from a common ground : the vessel and its annexes. Epidemiological analysis of predictors of cardiovascular risk is based on the analysis of the macrocirculation with arterial stiffness, wave reflections, pulse pressure, and of the microcirculation due to structural changes of arterioles with target organ damage. We observed in this work that arterial stiffness was present in hypertensive diabetics. Among diabetics, those on insulin had a lower augmentation index, perhaps due to the vasodilatory effects of insulin on a ground where the mitogenic effects of long-term hyperinsulinism have stiffened the arterial wall. The criterion of disorder of glucose metabolism is probably responsible for the arterial stiffness in patients with metabolic syndrome. This study found that patients receiving ACE inhibitors and insulin patients had a higher PWV and PP, probably because they had the most advanced disease. Finally the question of wave reflection was assessed by measuring its speed and magnitude and the hypothesis of increased pressure made us think that thewave reflection does not return faster, but sooner and this had been added to the systolic peak systolic because the reflection sites were closer due to the small size in women or the microcirculatory damage
Hilaire, Nathalie. „Métabolisme cellulaire des lipides neutres cytoplasmiques et myopathie à surcharge lipidique multisystémique“. Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30051.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDujeancourt, Laurent. „Métabolisme et traduction des ARN mitochondriaux chez la levure S. pombe“. Phd thesis, Université d'Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00845328.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSinteff, Jordan. „HELZ2, une nouvelle ribonucléase humaine impliquée dans le métabolisme des ARN ?“ Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAJ096.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTwo types of RNAs are known: messenger RNAs that are coding RNAs, and non-coding RNAs. The machinery of RNA decay which degrades damaged RNAs and those that are no longer needed contributes to the control of gene expression in all living organisms. Ribonucleases are the catalytic enzymes of this machinery. Their characterization is therefore crucial to understand how cells adapt their gene expression programs to extracellular signals. In this thesis, a new human ribonuclease called HELZ2 has been identified and characterized. Its ability to degrade RNA as well as to hydrolyze ATP in vitro has been demonstrated. The characteristics of its nuclease domain called RNB have been described. Its predominantly cytoplasmic localization has also been demonstrated. This study clearly links HELZ2 protein to the RNA metabolism providing a new angle to study its functions in vivo
Gilles, Mélissa. „Nouvelles fonctions de la protéine Tau dans le métabolisme des ARN“. Thesis, Lille 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL2S054.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTauopathies are neurodegenerative diseases characterized by an intraneuronalaggregation of hyperphosphorylated Tau proteins. The accumulation of these lesionsinduces neuronal dysfunctions leading to cells death. It has been established that Taudysfunctions play a central role to the neurodegenerative process. However, thephysiological functions of these proteins are still incompletely understood. Tau was first described as a microtubule associated protein involved in microtubule stabilization.However, it has been shown that Tau displays additional functions depending of itscellular localization. In the cytoplasm, Tau regulates axonal transport, synapticfunctions and signaling pathway. Tau was found also in the nuclear compartmentwhere it is involved in nucleic acid protection, organization of neuronal pericentromericheterochromatin and expression of ribosomal genes. In addition, studies have demonstrated an interaction between Tau and several RNA binding proteins, known to play a role in RNA metabolism. Moreover, dysfunctions of this mechanism havebeen reported in tauopathies.To gain insights into roles of Tau in RNA metabolism, we used tandem affinity purification coupled to mass spectrometry to identify novel interaction partners. Weidentified DDX5, a DEAD box RNA helicase, as a novel interacting partner. DDX5 is aprotein involved in several RNA metabolic processes such as, transcription, splicing,ribosome and micro RNA biogenesis and nonsense mediated mRNA decay (NMD). Inthis work, we validated Tau-DDX5 interaction and identified the Tau sequence involvedin the interaction. We also showed that this interaction is modulated in a RNA dependent manner and identified the presence of DDX17, another DEAD box RNAhelicase, in this complex. Our results demonstrated that Tau positively regulatesmRNA degradation by NMD pathway in a DDX5 dependent manner. We also shownthat Tau negatively regulates pre-mRNA splicing and expression of splicing factorsPTBP1 and PTBP2. The NMD is known to modulate expression of some splicingfactors through a system called “Alternative splicing coupled to NMD” (AS-NMD)suggesting that Tau effect on splicing could be dependent of NMD activation.Interestingly, Tau phosphorylation, especially the threonine 231 known to be involvedin tauopathies, increased the effect of Tau on NMD pathway.Altogether, our results highlight a link between Tau and the DEAD box RNA helicaseDDX5 and demonstrate an unexpected role of Tau in regulating splicing and NMD pathway. Our findings suggest that a loss of Tau functions may participates directly tothe splicing and NMD target genes misregulation observed in tauopathies
Meznad, Koceila. „Interaction entre l’oncoprotéine E6 d’HPV16 et le métabolisme des ARN messagers“. Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCE012.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHuman papillomaviruses (HPV) are double strand DNA viruses that infect skin and mucosa. HPV infections, although mostly asymptomatic, cause cell proliferation defects that can sometimes give rise to cancer. According to their carcinogenic potential, we distinguish low-risk HPVs (lr-HPV) causing benign lesions, and high-risk HPV (hr-HPV) responsible for the appearance of numerous anogenital and some head and neck squamous-cell cancers. Among the hr-HPV, HPV16 is the most prevalent. Hr-HPV-induced carcinogenesis is correlated with the expression of the viral oncoproteins, E6 and E7, which deregulate many cellular processes. Viral gene expression, performed by the host cell machine, is finely regulated particularly at the post-transcriptional level. Besides, alternative splicing generates about twenty viral transcripts, leading to the expression of viral proteins. The splicing within the E6 open reading frame that generates an E6*I mRNA only in hr-HPV, but not in the lr-HPV, suggests its involvement in hr-HPV-induced carcinogenesis. However, the biological role of E6*I protein produced by HPV-HR is still controversial.In order to better understand the mechanisms of hr-HPV-induced carcinogenesis, we have interested in: (i) the study of the biological functions of the E6*I isoform, and (ii) the mechanisms involved in the regulation of E6 and E7 expression.To get insight the biological role of HPV16 E6*I, we used RNA sequencing to identify targets deregulated by its ectopic expression. Expression of HPV16 E6 and E6*I isoforms in negative HPV cells deregulate several transcripts involved in biological processes related to viral gene expression, viral carcinogenesis, signal transduction and translation. The expression of E6*I alone, deregulates transcripts involved in the organization of the extracellular matrix, signaling pathways and cell adhesion. Interestingly, it was shown that the genes deregulated by E6*I expression are commonly affected by the intracellular level of ROS (reactive oxygen species). These results support the role of E6*I in increasing ROS production. The ROS-associated oxidative stress could favor viral genome integration with that of the host cell, a characteristic of hr-induced carcinogenesis. In sum, E6*I may have an oncogenic role independent of E6, and intervene in the carcinogenesis associated with hr-HPV.We also studied the role of the exon junction complex (EJC) in the posttranscriptional regulation of E6 and E7 expression. EJC is a multiprotein complex deposited on mRNAs via splicing, thus influencing their fate. We have shown that a factor of EJC, eukaryotic initiation factor 4A3 (eIF4A3), binds to viral mRNAs. Moreover, we have observed that the components of the EJC affected, in different ways, the expression of E6 and E7. Finally, we also studied the effect of nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD), a mechanism linked to the EJC, on the expression of E6 and E7. Our results suggest that not only NMD inhibits the expression of E6 and E7, but we have also observed that HPV16 E6 protein reduces NMD activity. This inhibition would allow HPV16 to have control over its transcripts but also to affect NMD cellular targets. Given the involvement of NMD-regulated genes in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis and adaptation, it would be interesting to understand the role of this new E6 activity in carcinogenesis associated with HPV-HR
Cartault, François. „Psychotropes et troubles de la régulation glycémique“. Montpellier 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON11203.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGilleron, Martine. „Structure et propriétés immunologiques de nouveaux glycolipides isolés de Mycobacterium kansasii et Mycobacterium gastri“. Toulouse 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991TOU30221.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleZaïbi, Nawel. „Effets de l’acidose métabolique sur les troubles de l’homéostasie du glucose“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ULILS023.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleObjective: The incidence of type 2 diabetes increases in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), as glomerular filtration rate decreases, suggesting a pathophysiological link between renal function reduction and glucose homeostasis. Metabolic acidosis is a common symptom of CKD, which develops when the glomerular filtration rate is below 60 mL/min/1.73m2. It is caused by a decreased net acid excretion capacity and therefore, an increased acid charge and a decreased bicarbonate concentration. Studies have shown that acute metabolic acidosis (MA) decreases glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. However, the effects of chronic MA on glucose homeostasis remain elusive. Methods: We evaluated glucose homeostasis in mice exhibiting chronic MA via the administration of 0.28 M NH4Cl over 6 months. Renal alterations were then assessed using histological, cell sorting and transcriptomic analysis. Subsequently, we aimed to identify metabolic phenotypes, molecular pathways and underlying mechanisms involved in dysregulated kidney of MA mice. Results: Unlike acute MA, chronic MA resulted in lower body weight, increased energy expenditure, basal hypoglycemia, improved glucose tolerance without changes in insulin secretion or sensitivity. No overall glucose uptake changes were observed. However, hepatic gluconeogenesis was decreased whereas renal and intestinal endogenous glucose productions were increased in mice with chronic MA. The elevated glucose urinary excretion was associated with lower expression of renal sodium/glucose co-transporters as well as with tubular morphological alterations without fibrosis formation and inflammation. RNA sequencing revealed a marked upregulation of mitochondrial activity, oxidative metabolism and catabolic pathways in the kidney of MA mice. Conclusions: Chronic MA improves glucose tolerance without changes in insulin secretion or sensitivity, but possibly by blunting hepatic gluconeogenesis, decreasing renal glucose reabsorption and increasing energy demands in the kidney
Carrier, Lucie. „Anomalie de la libération de calcium dans les fibres musculaires squelettiques de porc atteints d'hyperthermie maligne“. Grenoble 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989GRE10090.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTremblay, André. „Étude du métabolisme des lipoprotéines dans diverses dyslipidémies“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23810/23810.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNg-Cheng-Hin, Tommy. „Sarcoi͏̈dose et troubles métaboliques calciques : à propos d'une observation“. Bordeaux 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR25081.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCastres, Ingrid. „Impact des troubles liés à l'obésité sur la qualité de vie et la dépense énergétique“. Rouen, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ROUEL010.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleObesity is a complex disease, which increases the risk of developing metabolic disorders and other co-morbidities. Due to physical deconditionning, obesity deteriorates mechanical and energetic efficiency in low intensity physical activity, such as walking. The aim of this thesis was to identify and quantify the impact of obesity-related disorders on Health-Related Quality Of Life (HRQOL) and energy expenditure (EE), through two projects : Obénergie and Obéaccéléro. In Obénergie, DE and HRQOL were studied in 69 obese subjects, at baseline and after 6 months of daily walking (10,000 steps for day) associated with diet advice. Our results showed that morbidly obesity reduced physical aspect of HRQOL, but increased daily energy expenditure and the risk of depression. However, our combining program improved obesity indices and quality of life. In Obéaccéléro, we tested a new accelerometer to measure EE, upon healthy and obese sujects. In both groups, our accelerometer overestimated EE, compared to indirect calorimetry, in all combined activities. A strong correlation and agreement were observed between these two systems. Accelerometer is a tool that quantifies EE in objective and simple terms
Soichot, Marion. „Variabilité génétique du métabolisme du tryptophane et troubles du comportement sous alcool“. Phd thesis, Université du Droit et de la Santé - Lille II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00787884.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBrun, Antoine. „Troubles du métabolisme glucidique chez le cirrhotique avec shunt porto cave spontané“. Montpellier 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON11212.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleElferchichi-Ben, Rhouma Miryam. „Effet du champ magnétique statique sur le métabolisme du rat“. Montpellier 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON1T002.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBianchin, Claire. „Les protéines humaines hCAF1, hPOP2 et BTG2 : nouveaux régulateurs de la dégradation des ARNm“. Lyon 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LYO10088.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThibonnier, Marie. „Etude de la trans-traduction et du métabolisme des ARN chez helicobacter pylori“. Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA077075.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHelicobacter pylori (Hp) is the etiologic agent of the chronic gastritis, gastric ulcers that may evolve in worse pathologies. H. Pylori pathogenesis is linked with its capacity to persistently colonize an hostile niche, the human gastric mucosa. Traws-translation is an ubiquitous quality-control mechanism; SsrA - a stable small RNA - and SmpB - its protein cofactor - freed ribosomes blocked on truncated mRNA and tagged the incomplete protein to direct it to proteolysis pathways. Exploration of the trans-translation in Hp, revealed surprisingly that both smpB and ssrA genes are essential; the essential function is the ribosome recycling. This function relies only on the resume codon. In Hp, peptide tagging is required to resist to oxidative stress or sub-lethal concentration of antibiotics. In Hp, SsrA stability increases in acid conditions similar to those encountered in the stomach. Stability control of thé mRNA plays a key role in the modulation of gene expression, however this field of investigation remain unexplored in Hp. In Hp, HP1430 is an essential endoribonuclease that is orthologous to RNase J of B. Subtilis. Proteins partners of HP1430 suggest that it might be part of a degradosome as RNase E, its functional homolog, does in E. Coll. This enzyme strongly regulated - its expression is drastically diminished at low pH - might play an important role in stability control of mRNA and small RNA in H. Pylori
Baguet, Aurélie. „Rôle du gène Metastatic Lymph Node 51 dans le métabolisme des ARN messagers“. Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008STR13090.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSayous, Isabelle. „Les dysfonctions neurosécrétoires en hormone de croissance : diagnostic et traitement, à propos de 26 cas“. Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR23105.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFavé, Gaëlle. „Stratégies d'amélioration de la biodisponibilité des acides gras : approches physico-chimiques et enzymatiques“. Aix-Marseille 2, 2006. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00689483.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBeyne, Pascale. „Contribution à l'étude des anomalies du métabolisme des lipoprotéines dans l'insuffisance rénale chronique : faut-il s'intéresser à l'apolipoprotéine CII ?“ Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA114815.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleStrehle, Axelle. „Characterisation of triterpenoids as TGR5 agonists and their effects on metabolism“. Strasbourg, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA6149.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in the early stages of diabetes but is not targeted by the available therapies. Mitochondrial functions can be activated by the bile acids-activated GPCR TGR5, in muscle and in adipose tissue. This double effect of TGR5, on mitochondria and GLP-1 secretion, positions this receptor as an interesting target to prevent the early onset of metabolic diseases. To further explore TGR5 potential, our principal challenge was to identify more potent and more selective TGR5 agonists devoid of the pleiotropic effects of bile acids, the only TGR5 agonists known so far. To this end, we used a TGR5 activity assay to screen a plant library. Among the plant extracts tested, Olea Europaea leaves was shown to exhibit an activity supported by the triterpenoid oleanolic acid. In vivo, oleanolic acid showed anti-hyperglycemic activity, improved glucose tolerance and decreased weight gain. Furthermore, oleanolic acid enhanced mitochondria in muscle both in vitro and in vivo. A SAR study based on the triterpenoid scaffold led us to synthetize RG239, a more potent TGR5 agonist in vitro which is inactive in vivo, probably because of poor bioavailability. RG239 is an interesting pharmacological tool to understand TGR5 biology. Indeed, RG239 was shown to induce mitochondria activity and number in muscle and intestinal cell lines in a TGR5 dependant manner. In addition, RG239 stimulated GLP-1 secretion in intestinal enteroendocrine cells in a TGR5 dependant-manner. Altogether, these results confirm TGR5 as therapeutical target and triterpenoids as potential therapeutical agents in the prevention/mitochondria and treatment/GLP-1 of metabolic diseases
De, Leeuw Frédéric. „Etude de la protéine CIRP et sa fonction dans le métabolisme des ARN messagers“. Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210577.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDoctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Bisaglia, Marco. „Etude fonctionnelle et structurale de deux protéines impliquées dans le métabolisme des ARN messagers“. Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EPXX0018.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBretes, Rodrigues Hugo. „Etude de la régulation du métabolisme des ARN messagers chez la levure Saccharomyces cerevisiae“. Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA112209.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDuring transcription, several factors associate with mRNA to form messenger Ribonucleoparticles (mRNPs), thereby controlling their processing, their stability, and their cytoplasmic fate. To ensure the production of functional proteins from these mRNAs, eukaryotic cells contain numerous regulatory and quality control systems in order to prevent aberrant mRNP accumulation and export.In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, several nuclear pore associated proteins, including the SUMO isopeptidase Ulp1, have been involved in a mRNP quality control regulating their nuclear export. These data suggested that post-translational modification by SUMO of one or several mRNP components could regulate mRNA export. In order to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying this process, we undertook several approaches to identify these SUMOylated factors. In particular, we have set up a proteomic screen to identify mRNP components whose assembly onto mRNPs depends on Ulp1 activity.This proteomic survey revealed an Ulp1-dependent regulation of THO complex assembly to mRNPs. This complex, recruited to transcribed genes and mRNPs, is known to regulate transcription elongation by preventing DNA-RNA hybrids formation (termed R-loops), and mRNP export. Through a combination of proteomic analysis of mRNPs assembled in Ulp1 mutant cells, with RNA / chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments, we demonstrate that Ulp1 controls specifically the recruitment of the THO complex within mRNPs. SUMOylation analysis further reveals that Ulp1 targets the THO complex subunit Hpr1 on its C-terminal domain for deSUMOylation. We further show that this SUMOylation event regulates THO complex association within mRNPs. Finally, functional analysis reveal that impaired deSUMOylation of the THO complex do not affect mRNP export, but disturbs expression of LacZ reporter genes, a phenotype classically associated with THO complex dysfunction. Intriguingly, the transcriptional effect of inactivation or impaired deSUMOylation of the THO complex on LacZ expression is alleviated by the presence of an intron, providing a molecular basis for previously reported pre-mRNA leakage phenotypes. Our data therefore unravels for the first time a function of SUMO in the control of mRNP assembly contributing to proper mRNP homeostasis
Do, Thi Hong Tuoi. „Effet de l'éthanol sur la prolifération et la différenciation cellulaires dans la lignée de l'hépatome humain HepaRG : interrelations avec les métabolismes du fer et les polyamines“. Rennes 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010REN1B143.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn the human hepatoma hepaRG cell line, we analyzed ethanol effect on cell proliferation and differentiation in relation with iron and polyamines metabolism. Ethanol induced a decrease in cell proliferation wich was associated to necrosis/apoptosis. An effect on cell differentiation was also observed : hepatocyte nucleus area increase, decrease of HC/BC ratio percentages, overexpression of hepatocyte specific markers. The mechanisms of ethanol effect are related to its metabolism, lipid peroxydation and disorders in iron and polyamine metabolisms. Ethanol effect on cell proliferation/differentiation was enhanced by the presence of exogenous iron or an inhibitor of ODC. Iron chelators protect against the toxic effect of ethanol and a reversion of its antiproliferative effects was observed in the presence of exogenous putrescine. The dysfunction in iron and polyamines metabolisms may be one of the underlying mechanisms of ethanol effect
Pagay, Monique. „Les cataractes préséniles idiopathiques et leurs relations avec les troubles du métabolisme du galactose“. Lyon 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LYO1S010.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDuboc, Henri-Gérard. „Dysbiose et métabolisme des acides biliaires : implications au cours du syndrome de l’intestin irritable“. Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066218.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe irritable bowel syndrome associates chronic abdominal pain and altered bowel transit. This is a common digestive disorder, which in its pathophysiology include the concept of dysbiosis, i. E disruption of the intestinal microbiota (overall micro organisms in a gut). Dysbiosis implies alterations of the host-microbiota dialogue leading to disease, a mainly descriptive concept to date. Bile acids are synthesized by the liver and metabolized by bacteria then reabsorbed from the intestine - so potentially involved in this dialogue. Other pathophysiological axes include motor, permeability, and intestinal secretion, and theses are functions also regulated by bile acids, through the membrane receptor TGR5. This work presents and discusses, through two scientific publications, the links between irritable bowel syndrome, dysbiosis, and TGR5 receptor
Cravatte, Guylaine. „Etude de quelques hypertriglycéridemies "discordantes"“. Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR2P015.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSchwendt, Jean-Philippe. „Glucagonome métastatique et élévation de l'alpha-fœtoprotéine sérique : à propos d'un cas, revue de la littérature“. Bordeaux 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR2M051.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBaclet, Marie-Claire. „Expression d'un ARN antisens anti-5-lipoxygénase dans les cellules A549 : modification du métabolisme de l'acide arachidonique et des caractéristiques cellulaires“. Limoges, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LIMO304D.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSirvent, Pascal. „Implication des interactions homéostasie calcique - métabolisme mitochondrial dans les mécanismes physiopathologiques musculaires : exemple de la myotoxicité des statines et de l'insulinorésistance“. Montpellier 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON1T015.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBrengues, Muriel. „Métabolisme des ARNm au cours de la germination des spores de S. Cerevisiae“. Montpellier 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON20021.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCalestrémé, Philippe. „Les ferritines“. Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR2P065.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBergeaud, Marie. „Etude de la nature et du rôle de l'interaction de la protéine suppresseur de tumeurs p53 avec la mitochondrie“. Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012VERS0032.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe p53 tumor suppressor protein is found inactivated in most human cancers. Currently, there is increasing evidence for a role of p53 in metabolism regulation notably in proliferative cells exposed or not to low stress. These p53’s activities could be of major importance on p53 oncosuppressive function. We present evidence, that p53 is localized in mitochondria, in primary and tumor human and rodent cells in unstressed condition. More precisely, p53 localizes on the surface of mitochondria but also in the inter-membrane space and matrix. Furthermore this protein is mostly soluble or weakly bound to mitochondria membranes. Interestingly, we found that p53 interacts, either directly or indirectly, with a matrix protein named OSCP a subunit of F1F0-ATP synthase complex. In order to precise p53 direct role at mitochondria, we have established stably expressing cells with a matrix or inter-membrane space mitochondria-targeted p53 protein and we have investigated the effects of p53 on mitochondrial physiology. We have given rise that cells expressing matrix p53 produced less reactive oxygen species than p53 null cells. It seems that matrix localized p53 could also promote mitochondrial respiration, increase mitochondrial ATP production and favour formation of complex IV and V of OXPHOS. Conversely inter-membrane space localized p53 doesn’t seem to be implicated in these different process. Interestingly, matrix p53 interacts with OSCP, this interaction is not found when p53 localized in inter-membrane space. Taken together, our results indicate that p53 protein could have an important role in regulating mitochondrial physiology in proliferative conditions
Daguenet, Elisabeth. „Etude fonctionnelle de la protéine Metastatic lymph node 51 dans le métabolisme des ARN messagers“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAJ117.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe MLN51 protein, overexpressed in around 30% of breast cancers, is a key factor for mRNA metabolism, as a member of the Exon Junction Complex (EJC). The EJC marks the splicing history of an mRNA and influences many stages of its subsequent metabolism: splicing, dynamic cytoplasmic export, efficient and localized translation, quality-control and stability. Structurally, the EJC is organized around a core complex that is formed by four proteins (eIF4A3, MLN51, Magoh, Y14). The core complex serves as a binding platform for more than a dozen peripheral factors. The EJC is not a pre-assembled complex; however, its assembly mode is well described in vitro using recombinant proteins and splicing extracts. Nevertheless, where this complex assembles in vivo was a matter of debate. By using light and electron microscopy approaches, we established an original link between the cellular distribution of the EJC core factors and the nuclear architecture. The core and most of the peripheral EJC factors are colocalized and interact together in discrete regions of the nucleus, located at the periphery of nuclear speckles. This doughnut-shaped region appears to be a novel nuclear territory that we termed “the perispeckle”. This territory is distinct from nuclear speckles; it contains nascent mRNAs and it is close to active transcription sites. Overall, this study supports a model in which the deposition of the EJC core takes place in the nucleus, and that assembled EJC core factors concentrate in discrete subnuclear territories termed perispeckles. These regions contribute to the compartmentalization of the nucleus as an active domain implicated in mRNP packaging
Mure, Fabrice. „Rôle de la protéine EB2 du virus d'Epstein-Barr dans le métabolisme des ARN messagers“. Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEN071/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePost-transcriptional regulation of gene expression is based on a complex and dynamic network of RNA-proteins interactions. A major challenge is to understand the precise contribution of these RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) to each step of mRNA metabolism. During this thesis, we have characterized new functions of the EB2 viral RBP which is essential for the production of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Previous works have shown that EB2 promotes cytoplasmic accumulation of most intronless viral mRNAs. Here, we show that EB2 is not just an mRNA export factor because this RBP also stabilizes its target mRNAs in the nucleus by protecting them from RNA exosome degradation. Our results indicate that in the absence of EB2 : (i) some viral mRNAs are unstable because they contain cryptic splice sites ; (ii) the splicing factor SRSF3 destabilizes these mRNAs by interacting with both the RNA exosome and the Nuclear EXosome Targeting (NEXT) complex. Moreover, we also show that EB2 is associated with polysomes and it strongly stimulates translation of its target mRNAs through interactions with the eIF4G and PABP initiation factors. Interestingly, the development of a new in vitro translational assay allowed us to show that EB2’s translation stimulation requires that EB2 binds its target mRNAs in the nucleus. Taken together, our works demonstrate the key function of a viral RBP in the coordination of the nuclear and cytoplasmic steps of mRNA biogenesis
Didiot, Marie-Cécile. „Bases moléculaires du syndrome de l’X fragile : Etude de l'implication de la protéine FMRP dans le métabolisme des ARN messagers“. Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2008. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2008/DIDIOT_Marie-Cecile_2008.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLambert, Karen. „Effets de variations de régime alimentaire sur le métabolisme musculaire“. Montpellier 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON1T007.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLo, Aurélien. „Développement de méthodes de diagnostic rapide d'erreurs innées du métabolisme associées à des troubles neurologiques“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS504/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleInborn errors of metabolism are inherited diseases that can alter the synthesis and transport of neurotransmitters. The diagnosis of these conditions is currently based on the chromatographic analysis of a biological fluid [plasma, urine, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)]. The aim of this thesis was to develop simple and rapid methods for the diagnosis of neurotransmitter disorders. Firstly, we developed and validated the simultaneous determination of dopamine, serotonin, and tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) metabolites by ultrahigh pressure liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled to sequential electrochemical and fluorimetric detection. This method was applied to the analysis of 1372 CSF samples, thus establishing the frequent ranges of the French population. In order to transpose the previous method into UHPLC coupled to mass spectrometry (MS), we studied the mechanisms of auto- and electro- oxidation of BH4, by Differential Ion Mobility coupled to high resolution MS (FTICR) in conjunction with Infra-Red photo-dissociation. This work allowed us to isolate and characterize qBH2, the transient reaction intermediate of BH4, involved in the mechanism of action of the latter. The proposed UHPLC-MS/MS method also allows the simultaneous determination of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate
Girard, Marie-Josée. „Implication du long ARN non-codant Neat2 dans la prolifération et le métabolisme énergétique des hépatocytes“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30273/30273.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNEAT2 is a long ncRNA overexpressed in a various type of cancer. However, whether NEAT2 directly impacts on carcinogenesis remains poorly investigated. Here, we report the role of NEAT2 and its functional domains on proliferation and energy metabolism of hepatocytes. In this study, we show a significant decrease in proliferation (14-35%) after knocked-down or knockout of NEAT2 expression in both human hepatocytes and mouse embryonic fibroblasts. On the other hand, we observed a significant increase in proliferation (27-33%) in mice hepatocytes overexpressing NEAT2 and the mascRNA domain. The overexpression of the mascRNA domain also resulted in a significant increase in cellular glucose uptake, suggesting a role in glucose utilization. Our study highlights the significance of NEAT2 and its mascRNA domain in cellular proliferation and glucose metabolism. These data suggest an important role for the mascRNA domain in the regulation of hepatocyte proliferation by NEAT2.
Racine, Radjini. „Etude des effets d'une ingestion chronique de radionucléides sur le métabolisme du cholestérol chez le rat : exemples de l'uranium appauvri et du césium 137“. Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CLF21969.
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