Dissertationen zum Thema „Aristote (0384-0322 av. J.-C. ; philosophe) – Philosophie de la nature“
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Dos, Santos Nélio Gilberto. „Préservation et Usage. Le dualisme de la fin chez Aristote“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUL142.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAccording to Aristotle, the final cause is twofold, as it indicates in five strategic places of the corpus: concerning the causal relation between finality and matter, in Physics II; with respect to the purpose of animal reproduction, in De Anima II; and a little further on, in this same work, this dualism is affirmed to enlighten the way in which the soul is end for the body; in Eudemian Ethics, where is it to specify the way in which the god is an end for practical wisdom; finally, concerning the teleological causality of the Prime Mover, in Metaphysics Λ. This teleological dualism, formulated in the occurrences of De Anima II through the technical expression τὸ οὗ and τὸ ᾧ, having been developed in a study that has not survived to our times, is frequently understood in terms of purpose in technical production and translated by "purpose" and "beneficiary". However, this attempt to clarify this laconic expression raises quite significant problems, including that of its relevance for the approach of the natural phenomena that it is supposed to explain. This study attempts to restore this dualism of the end at the centre of Aristotelian understanding of teleology. The examination of occurrences, as well as the study of the major themes of finality in Aristotle's philosophy of nature, lead us to put forward two notions that make explicit what the teleological dualism refers to: the notion of usage, χρῆσις, and that of preservation, σωτηρία
Gautier, Timothée. „Législation et éducation dans la politique d' Aristote“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 1, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022PA01H214.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn the first lines of Book VIII of the Politics, Aristotle affirms: “That therefore the legislator should above all be concerned with the education of young people, no one can dispute it. And, indeed, in cities where this is not the case, it is damaging to the constitution.” For Aristotle, the fundamental and primary role of the legislator is to lead the members of the city for which they are responsible to virtue by thereby guaranteeing its stability, its durability and its justice. It is on this pedagogical function of the politician that the present work focuses, which tries to bring to light "the circle of political action" by which good education produces good rulers who, in return, establish a political and pedagogical system favoring the diffusion of virtue in the city. The main challenge of the reflection is to determine the purposes of the action of the true politician and the privileged modalities of his intervention in the city in order to understand how, for Aristotle, a man becomes virtuous. Our intuition is as follows: the pedagogical perspective that can be brought to bear on the political work of Aristotle, from the point of view of the nomothete, makes it possible to understand its coherence and, if not to dissipate, at least to enlighten a certain number of the traditional difficulties encountered by exegesis. This intuition unfolds through three main axes relating to the nature and meaning of Aristotle's political and philosophical project, the purpose of education and the means and modalities of a true paideia
Torrente, Luca. „Génération, nature et individuation chez Aristote“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2022SORUL015.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMy thesis proposes to examine the problem of individuation in Aristotle’s philosophy from a study on the generation of living beings. This choice has made possible to approach a controversial problem from an almost unprecedented perspective. The first part of the thesis is an analysis of the generation of physical substances in the Aristotelian corpus. This chapter aims to highlight the specific characteristics of the absolute generation of substances in relation to other types of becoming. The second part studies the embryogenesis of the living beings from a perspective that seeks to integrate the hylomorphic model into another, more complex and exhaustive model, which is that of dynamic development. In the third part, the problem of individuation is addressed. We complete the analysis of the animal generation to its end: the development of the hereditary and particular characteristics of each individual. The two best-known theses – the identification of the principle of individuation with matter or form – are discussed and criticized. Finally, a solution is proposed that establishes three particular causes capable of explaining the generation of an individual as an individual, based on a passage from Metaphysics Λ 5. The fourth part considers the specificity of the human being in the question of individuation. It is a question of the individualization of man, the process by which a certain individual seeks to constitute himself as an agent subject and autonomous legal person within a given community
Vanandruel, Jean-Pierre. „L'analyse du mouvement dans les traités de philosophie de la nature et dans les traités métaphysiques d'Aristote“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01H230.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAristotle's Metaphysics contains analyses of movement. The present thesis seeks to determine the reasons for their presence in these texts, and the point of view - different from that of physics - under which Aristotle studies what the causes and principles of natural movements are. A study of previous opinions and the construction of correlative aporias shows that Aristotle situates the inquiry of the Metaphysics in continuity with those of other philosophers: the aim is to conceive what the first principles of all things, or of all beings, are, in a way that improves on the Physicists and the Platonists. Now, since he criticises his predecessors’ principles on the ground that they are incapable of explaining natural movements, we can conclude that the solutions conceived by Aristotle do provide first principles capable of accounting for natural movements. The wisdom and the first science of the Metaphysics is, in my view, this search for the first principles and the first causes. This science is the science of substance, and so is distinguished from physical science, in that it establishes that substances are the first principles of all things, and this in three different senses: (1) substances are principles of all things, since without them there can be no other beings and no movement; (2) the form is first substance and principle of compound substances; and, with matter, it is an ungenerated principle for their generations and their movements; (3) there are substances that are prior to natural substances: the ordered movers of the movements of the celestial spheres
Fiat, Éric. „L'oubli de la phusis : du recouvrement par la modernité de la conception aristotélicienne de la nature“. Marne-la-Vallée, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2001MARN0114.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChacón, Leiva Natalia. „Βίος et ζωή chez Aristote : qu’est-ce que la vie pour un biologiste?“ Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA080042.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe reconstitution of the notion of life within the ancient philosophy is the principal idea of the present study. The aim is to re-establish the conception of this notion within the Greek language and culture, especially within the knowledge of early philosophers and the philosophy of Aristotle. The arrangement of this contribution is based on the meaning and relation of the words βίος and ζωή, two fundamental terms, exclusive to the Greek language. The first part of the study shed new light on the formal constitution and «original» meaning of these words. In particular the linguistic and cultural factors which converge in their formation and evolution are investigated in detail. The reconstruction of the historical and linguistic context of the words βίος and ζωή gives rise to the second part of the study by the means of reconstructing the notion of life within the poetical tradition and investigation of nature, conducted by the early philosophers. The third part of the study approaches the notion of life in the philosophy of Aristotle from the principle question at issue: whether the idea of life is reduced to the investigation of living organisms and his theory of soul or if it exceeds the biologic purpose to encompass other categories of his philosophy. This analysis of the notion of life within the philosophy of Aristotle is conducted by an integrating and dynamic perspective. The reconstitution of the notion of life in the work of Aristotle leads to a reflection about the closeness of his ideas to anterior investigations of natural objects and processes done by the early philosophers. Apart from being a pioneer in the investigation of life, he is also tributary to a particular kind of thinking in ancient Greece. Aristotle’s way of thinking, although far-reaching, is based within his period and preceding traditions
Cherif, Zahar Farah. „Le traité d’Aristote sur l’éternité du mouvement. Traduction et commentaire de Physique VIII“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040186.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe dissertation consists of a new translation of the eighth book of Aristotle’s Physics followed by a linear and analytical commentary of the treatise. Based on a study of the contemporary secondary literature and a close examination of the Greek and Arabic exegesis, the aim of this work is to identify and analyse the difficulties of interpretation as well as the philosophical problems that arise inside the Aristotelian system. It demonstrates that Book VIII is all the way long a study of the eternity of motion and gives rise to three very different interpretations according to the way one understands the nature of this eternity. After a presentation of the first reading of the treatise, common to the Neoplatonist tradition (Philoponus and Simplicius) and the first Arabic reception of the text (Fārābī, Ibn Bāǧǧa and the young Averroes), and of the second reading, specific to the late works of Averroes, this research distances itself from both historical interpretations and develops a new reading of the treatise closer to the Aristotelian text
Dos, Santos Nélio Gilberto. „Préservation et Usage. Le dualisme de la fin chez Aristote“. Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUL142.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAccording to Aristotle, the final cause is twofold, as it indicates in five strategic places of the corpus: concerning the causal relation between finality and matter, in Physics II; with respect to the purpose of animal reproduction, in De Anima II; and a little further on, in this same work, this dualism is affirmed to enlighten the way in which the soul is end for the body; in Eudemian Ethics, where is it to specify the way in which the god is an end for practical wisdom; finally, concerning the teleological causality of the Prime Mover, in Metaphysics Λ. This teleological dualism, formulated in the occurrences of De Anima II through the technical expression τὸ οὗ and τὸ ᾧ, having been developed in a study that has not survived to our times, is frequently understood in terms of purpose in technical production and translated by "purpose" and "beneficiary". However, this attempt to clarify this laconic expression raises quite significant problems, including that of its relevance for the approach of the natural phenomena that it is supposed to explain. This study attempts to restore this dualism of the end at the centre of Aristotelian understanding of teleology. The examination of occurrences, as well as the study of the major themes of finality in Aristotle's philosophy of nature, lead us to put forward two notions that make explicit what the teleological dualism refers to: the notion of usage, χρῆσις, and that of preservation, σωτηρία
Doumic, Jacques. „La substance sensible : unicité de la forme substantielle et position de la substance. Essai de philosophie de la nature“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2023. https://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/ulprive/DDOC_T_2023_0121_DOUMIC.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe idea of substance is associated to various well-known features: it is the underlying of small-scale changes; it is the subject existing in itself and able to host accidents; it is the individual of choice. Against the price of a vigorous simplification, one can trace this basic model back to Aristotle and Aquinas, and deduce various consequences from it: omnipresence (everything is substance, part of substance, or accident attached to a substance); uniqueness of the substantial form (a set of substances or a part of substance are not substances); univocity (the notion of substance is not susceptible of more and less).A beautiful editorial vivacity can testify that the conceptualization works relating to the substance goes on, with frequent references to ancient authors and in particular to Aristotle. In itself, an oriented cartography of works, especially contemporary ones, constitutes an important task of philosophical synthesis, and one of the objectives of the present thesis. In practice, given the extent of what can be drawn from the Aristotelian corpus and its exegeses, a very important part of the thesis will be devoted to the Aristotelian approach to substance (more than 400 pages). This approach will be completed, in a more succinct way, by the contributions of the Thomistic school : the notion of creation (which, by contraposition, sheds light on the notion of change), the doctrine of analogy, the real distinction between essence and esse and the identification of substance through a particular relation between essence and esse
Vernier, Jean-Marie, und Albert le Grand. „Le Livre sur la nature et l'origine de l'âme d'Albert le Grand : introduction, traduction et notes, suivies de notes complémentaires et de traduction de lieux parallèles pris des Commentaires d'Albert sur la Métaphysique, Le traité de l'âme et la Physique d'Aristote“. Paris 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA040230.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe Albert the Great's book on nature and origin of the soul: introduction, translation and footnotes, followed by complementary notes and translation of paralell texts taken from Albert the Great's commentaries on Aristotle's Metaphysics, Treatise on the soul and Physics. Age : XIIIth century. Type : Treatise of natural philosophy (in an Aristotelian meaning). Author : Albert the Great (dominican and bishop, Doctor of the Church). Language : medieval latin. Themes : First Treatise : The Intellect's causality on the Nature, the natural being and gradual change; the generation and nature of the vegetative, sensitive and rational soul; the cognitive and motor faculties of the rational soul. Second Treatise : the separation and personal immortality of the soul, the state and the place of the separated soul according to the philosophers, the state of the soul after the death. Main authorities : Plato, Aristotle, Macrobius, Calcidius, Pseudo-Dionysius, Liber De Causis, Avicenna, Averrois. The introduction of this doctoral thesis shows the influence of this Albert's book on Dante (Convivio), Berthold von Moosburg, Guillaume de Vaurouillon, Marsile Ficin
Zambiasi, Roberto. „'Minima sensibilia'. The Medieval Latin Debate (ca. 1250-ca. 1350) and Its Roots“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPSLP006.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe thesis focuses on one of the least studied topics in Medieval Latin Aristotelian natural philosophy (ca. 1250-ca. 1350), i.e., the so-called topic of "minima sensibilia". If, as claimed most notably in "Physics" VI, magnitudes are (potentially) infinitely divisible, a dilemma arises with respect to the limits of the divisibility of sensible qualities through the division of the matter (considered as an extended magnitude) with which they are united. Either sensible qualities are also (potentially) infinitely divisible (but this implies that the senses should have an infinite power in order to perceive them, against a fundamental Aristotelian assumption concerning the limits of every power existing in nature), or they are not (potentially) infinitely divisible (in this case, however, there would be portions of matter that can neither be cognised by the senses nor, evidently, by the intellect, and, what is worse, sensible entities would be ultimately composed of them, something entirely unacceptable in the Aristotelian worldview). To solve the dilemma, Aristotle, in Chapter 6 of the "De sensu et sensato" (445b3-446a20), makes use of the distinction between act and potency, affirming that sensible qualities are infinitely divisible in potency as part of the whole to which they belong, but there are minimal quantities of matter that can exist in act on their own endowed with their sensible qualities. The thesis investigates the reflection conducted by Medieval Latin commentators of the "De sensu et sensato" (always read in connection with their Greek and Islamic sources) on the subject of "minima sensibilia", using it as a privileged gateway to study from a new and original point of view the Medieval Latin conception of the ontology and of the epistemology of sensible qualities. Indeed, through a close scrutiny of the debate (which is accompanied by a thorough reconstruction of the complex manuscript tradition of Medieval Latin "De sensu" commentaries, that have hitherto been largely neglected by scholars) it is demonstrated that Medieval Latin commentators progressively developed a conception according to which sensible qualities can exist on their own in the natural world without being perceptible in act due to the smallness of the matter with which they are united. Such sensible qualities (that are sometimes called "insensibilia propter parvitatem") can, nevertheless, become perceptible in act by uniting with each other. Thanks to this fundamental development, not only sensible qualities started to be understood mostly in autonomy from their role in perception, but the sensible world became suddenly much more extended than the world that can be perceived by the senses, with the consequence that the confidence in the human ability to cognise its ultimate structure began to crumble
Pralon, Didier. „Les témoignages d'Aristote sur les atomistes anciens dans le fragment 208, dans les traités de la Métaphysique, de la Physique, du De Caelo et du De Generatione et Corruptione“. Aix-Marseille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX10016.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLarose, Daniel. „La méthodologie des cosmologies de Platon et d'Aristote“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01H219.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis study aims to take a new look at the methodology of Plato’s and Aristotle’s cosmologies. In spite of appearances, these two cosmologies and their methods share the same representation of the universe. The universe is a god, that is to say, an autarkic living immortal. Consequently, the philosopher must seek to make his discourse as consistent as possible with the essence of this divine being. It is at the moment of determining the nature of divine autarky that the opposition between the two projects emerges. According to Aristotle, the Platonic representation does not respect divine autarky by making the world soul responsible for the cosmic order: this soul condemned to a perpetual and painful task cannot be happy. Their dispute goes even further. For Plato, no noûs, divine or human, is autarkic in the absolute sense insofar as everything depends on separate intelligible forms. Against this representation of the universe, Aristotle seeks to prove the absolute autarky of the universe by positing the existence of a perfectly self-sufficient noûs in Metaphysics Lambda and freeing it from any productive causality by positing the existence of a first body eternally moved in a circular motion (De caelo). This way, Aristotle can present a cosmic model consistent with his representation of the god: an autarkic living being with a body and a soul. By placing this debate in its historical context, this study aims to show the validity of this hypothesis by showing how it guides the ontology, the methodology, the research of the principles of the philosopher
Kontogianni, Eleni. „Aristote, Heidegger : substance et temporalité, ou une histoire ancienne du temps“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022STRAC004.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe present study focuses on the concept of time, thematized by Aristotle who bequeathed to us the earliest concept of time with regard to its completeness, and by Heidegger who integrates Aristotle’s concept into the elaboration of a new concept of time, inseparable from the question of being as such, designated as temporality. One the one hand, the reconstruction of the Aristotelian concept of time is carried out under the double prism of Aristotelian cosmology and psychology, and leads to see that for Aristotle: 1) time is the formal aspect of movement, 2) time is the mathematical expression of the endurance of the substrate of movement. On the other hand, Heidegger’s opposition to the mathematization of movement by means of time signals the originality of his approach: time is prior to movement as the foundation of the constitution of the existing entity, the bearer of movement. However, the connection that Heidegger makes between time and being as such turns out to be problematic, insofar as the question of being implies the omission of the factor of matter on which the existing entity depends. The parallel study of these two concepts of time leads to discover in Aristotle a research that we may qualify as phenomenological physics: ‘physics’ because it takes matter into account; ‘phenomenological’ because it highlights the co-belonging of men and the universe as well as the complementarity between all its members
Arli, Merve. „La matière, l'âme et le monde dans la critique aristotélicienne du Timée de Platon“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 1, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021PA01H205.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis dissertation aims to examine Aristotle’s reading of Plato's Timaeus. In accordance with this objective, many questions on universe, nature, matter, soul, movement, already addressed in the Timaeus, are re-raised in the main areas of Aristotle’s studies. We therefore devote a great deal of attention to the analysis of each of these concepts. It deals with the comparison between the Timaeus as Aristotle presents it and the text of Plato, in order to analyze and expose the way in which Aristotle relates to Plato in the development of his own philosophy. These references are sometimes in the order of citation; sometimes also of the order of explicit criticism, but also implicit, when the Aristotelian text is based on what Plato has already expressed without citing it, nor criticizing it openly. According to the idea held in this study, the Stagirite does not systematically read the Timaeus literally. When he criticizes Plato, it is not always in order to confirm his own philosophical position. We have shown that this reading is above all a work of distinction between essential concepts such as matter, place, etc. In doing so, Aristotle systematizes Plato's thought, which was based on the likely account about the genesis of the cosmos
Chacón, Leiva Natalia. „Βίος et ζωή chez Aristote : qu’est-ce que la vie pour un biologiste?“ Thesis, Paris 8, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA080042.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe reconstitution of the notion of life within the ancient philosophy is the principal idea of the present study. The aim is to re-establish the conception of this notion within the Greek language and culture, especially within the knowledge of early philosophers and the philosophy of Aristotle. The arrangement of this contribution is based on the meaning and relation of the words βίος and ζωή, two fundamental terms, exclusive to the Greek language. The first part of the study shed new light on the formal constitution and «original» meaning of these words. In particular the linguistic and cultural factors which converge in their formation and evolution are investigated in detail. The reconstruction of the historical and linguistic context of the words βίος and ζωή gives rise to the second part of the study by the means of reconstructing the notion of life within the poetical tradition and investigation of nature, conducted by the early philosophers. The third part of the study approaches the notion of life in the philosophy of Aristotle from the principle question at issue: whether the idea of life is reduced to the investigation of living organisms and his theory of soul or if it exceeds the biologic purpose to encompass other categories of his philosophy. This analysis of the notion of life within the philosophy of Aristotle is conducted by an integrating and dynamic perspective. The reconstitution of the notion of life in the work of Aristotle leads to a reflection about the closeness of his ideas to anterior investigations of natural objects and processes done by the early philosophers. Apart from being a pioneer in the investigation of life, he is also tributary to a particular kind of thinking in ancient Greece. Aristotle’s way of thinking, although far-reaching, is based within his period and preceding traditions
Brague, Rémi. „Aristote et la question du monde“. Paris 4, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA040002.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSome aspects of aristotle's metaphysics, physics, ethics and psychology can be accounted for as dim echoes of a concept a. Never dealt with thematically : being-in-theworld (heidegger's in-der-welt-sein). Classical greek though as a whole, although it was fascinated by the orderliness of the cosmos, hardly asked what being-in-the world means (ch. 1). The experience of facticity, which is one of its main features, enables a. To justify philosophical life in the protrepticus, but he conceives of this life as focussing on contemplation, i. E. Access to what emphatically is (ch. 2). A. Never got rid of this ambiguity, which arises from such a transposition : his ethics bear witness of his hesitating between two subjects of moral life : the i whom it behoves to act, because of his uniqueness, gives way to man as defined by his place among other parts of the universe (ch. 3 & 4). A. Therefore has to define man as the worldliest of all sublunar beings : he imitates the universe thanks to his universality and because he can grasp the highest beings (ch. 5). Nevertheless, a. Cannot define topos - the place in which things are - without his referring to our paculiar way of being there, although he later brings back the idea of universe through his theory of the dimensions of human body as rooted in the objective structure of the cosmos (ch. 6). The difficulties in a. "s definition of the soul as well as in his doctrine of the active intellect stem from his attempt at translating what he silently conceives of as the vey openness of the world through our presence, into the optics of worddly realitywhat compels him to reduce soul to consciousness of what takes place among things of the world. (ch. 7). A. Conceives the universe in a way which leads him to dis- card specifically human motion on behalf of the heavenly beings' absolute continuity. However, the first mover's self-contemplation mirrors the unresolved ambiguity of hu- man energeia : both the pure act of being there and the activity of contemplating the highest being coalesce in it (ch. 8). However, a. 's central ontological concept, en- ergeia, cannot be defined apart from the experience of our being there (ch. 9)
Murgier, Charlotte. „Recherches sur le platonisme d'Aristote et ses limites en philosophie pratique“. Lille 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL30052.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis dissertation challenges the view that the question of Aristotle's relationship to Platonism has been settled, being reduced either to a strong opposition to the theory of Ideas or, following the developmental account, to a progressive departure from platonic views. The notion of Aristotle as a close reader of Plato proves far more enlightening : being problematical rather than doctrinal, his Platonism inherits aporiai rather than claims. This approach gives greater intelligibility to the main concepts of Aristotelian ethics (pleasure, happiness, friendship, phronesis) the genesis of which is indebted to the questions raised in the Dialogues. Furthermore, it enables us to grasp the thread that runs through Aristotle's confrontation with Platonic ethics. Far from being reductible to a simple dismissial of the metaphysics of Ideas, his criticism proceeds more positively, attempting to go beyond the limits of the Platonic account of action, wether they be manifested in the aporiai of friendship or practical knowledge, or in the ethical and ontological condemnation of pleasure, tragedy or democracy. By giving pleasure its dignity and status in the happy life, by accounting for the role of friendship in the virtuous life and by rethinking the kind of knowledge required for acting. Aristotle gives sense and consistency to the various aspects of our practical life. His debate with Platonism enables us to understand how action gives shape to an agent, in that it allows him to fulfil himself. Thus, it elucidates the simple and singular fact that justifies the human need of ethics, namely that a human being has to act in order to be
Bégorre-Bret, Cyrille. „Aristote et la définition de l'homme“. Paris 10, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA100167.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleScholars usually think that Aristode makes a de finition of man. But they don't analyze the different phrases made by Aristode on man through his own conception of de finition. Definition is a very specific kind of sentence which offers the most fondamental scientific knowledge about a being. It must comply certain characteristics. It must in particular be universal, i. E. Hold for ail the deftniendum. But if one tries to collect, compare and scrutinize these different formulas, one can unexpectedly see that none of them can be considered as the definition of man by the Philosopher. The famous phrases describing men as politicaI or rationaI animaIs can't be definitionnal in Aristode's view because they don't fit his own definitional standards: they don't show a characterist universally owned by men and by men only. Aristode's conception of man is not aimed at deflning him but at describing his naturaI features or at showing his dignity
Journée, Gérard. „"Rien ne saurait naître de rien" : l'émergence du problème de l'être dans la philosophie préplatonicienne“. Lille 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LIL30005.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAccording to Aristotle, "nothing should come from what-is-not" had constituted the physicians' common opinion. This claim seems to be linked to his other idea that all physicians, from Thales to Democritus, had renounced the notion of coming-to-be in the strict sense. Many modern scholars want yet to see in this principle the work of Parmenides : he would indeed have enounced it for the first time in his Poem in view to destroy precisely coming-to-be. This conception has made a lot to change the modern perception of the thinkers before Parmenides, especially the Milesians. However, is it possible to deny them an implicit respect, at least, for the principle ? And if it is not the case, is it possible to claim that the principle constitutes immediately a principle of no-becoming ? In this study, we will wonder about the schemes linked to natural causality in Milesian philosophy, about their relations with the classical problem of conservation and the absence of coming-to-be in the strict sense. From Aristotle, we will wonder about the conceptions which are reasonably ascribable to Milesians. We will then study the occurences of the principle in the work of Parmenides and in the physics of the fifth century B. C. : Anaxagoras, Empedocles and Democritus
Lefebvre, René. „La ressemblance chez Aristote“. Paris 4, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA040115.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIt seems that the place of likeness is less important in Aristotle than in Plato and pre-Socratic philosophy: paradigmatism, cratylism, presocratic dynamics or fascination for pseudos and eidola are dead. However, even while breaking, Aristotle goes on speaking of the resemblance of the opposites, and of the likeness of forms in the perceived thing and the perceiving mind. More, he makes likeness become a semantic theme of henology, and lets it go on trying to unify the world, qua analogy in horizontality, and vertical mimesis in cosmo-theology. Dialectic considers it as an indispensable organon of definition, induction and hypothetical reasoning. Thoughts are called homoiomata, and Aristotle discovers phantasia. Contra Plato, he understands what is valuable in poetical mimesis. As a biologist, he stresses upon the resemblance between parents and children, because he considers that reproduction is the perpetuation of a type
Viano, Cristina. „Héraclite dans Aristote“. Paris 4, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA040138.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe subject of this research is heraclitus' aristotelician source. The conceptual schemas through which aristotle exposes the ephesian's doctrine consist of two main themes one can also find in plato : being and becoming. Heraclitus is an ancient physiologist and according to him fire is the material cause and the arche (the principe of all beings). The choice of fire seems to distinguish him as "the most coherent" with monist vision of reality. In fact aristotle says that caracteristics of fire are extreme and belont more to form than to matter. Continuously all things have their origin in fire and come back to him. This becoming looks like a river stream. The only "persisting" thing is fire. Heraclitus' knowledge and ethics are in his physiology of fire. The resulting image is a total thought without qualitative breaks. Aristotle offen alludes to the heracliteans' mediation, of whose cratylus is the most representative. Heraclitismus appears as a theoretical involution : cratylus forgets ontological element of arche and makes absolue the river's speed and renonces to knowledge and to words. Heraclitus' sceptical interpretation begins in aristotle's source. The doctrine of becoming follows an ideal line which begins in poetical past, reaches his hight speculative level in heraclitus, and falls into decline with heracliteans' agnosticism, the echos of whose will get to sceptics
Mittelmann, Jorge. „La cohérence de l'hylémorphisme : problèmes d’ontologie soulevés par la conception aristotélicienne de l’âme“. Paris 4, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA040018.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe dissertation discusses the strain that the Aristotelian formula of soul imposes on the basic categories of natural philosophy, challenging the expectations of a literal transposition of those categories to the explanation of the relationship between body and soul. The usual analysis of a hylomorphic composite into matter and form is disturbed by the irruption of a substrate which is animate per se, whereas it is supposed to have life potentially. This difficulty invites an examination of those usual articulations called into question by psychology, and requires bringing in some adjustments, in order to save the coherence of the whole definitional enterprise. Following the exposition of the troubles which faces the general project of defining sensible composites, the dissertation suggests an interpretative hypothesis as to the ontological status that should be bestowed on the relata of a matter–form relationship. Accordingly, the categorical demarcation between function and object is taken into account, given that it displays certain conceptual features that could help to clear up some of the issues involved in the Aristotelian distinction. A discussion of the different ways of “having life potentially” closes the work, which proposes to read the seemingly awkward potentiality of the body in the light of the connection between blood and its natural heat, sketched in the treatise on the Parts of Animals
Radoilska, Lubomira. „Du projet aristotélicien dans la philosophie morale“. Paris, EHESS, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EHES0004.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of this thesis is to show the plausibility of a moral realism meeting the internalist requirement concerning moral reasons. Such a realist position finds support in the conception of practical rationality as a rationality of ends, implied in Aristotle’s ethics. Therefore I try to explicit an Aristotelian project in moral philosophy by discussing on the one hand questions of recent metaethics and on the other hand topics of Aristotelian philosophy. The first part explains some theoretical difficulties concerning the concepts of truth and objectivity in contemporary moral theory. The second analyses the Aristotelian epistemology, considering ethics as a legitimate field of knowledge. The third criticises the instrumental conception of practical rationality assumed by moral antirealism. The starting point of the argument of the last part is the Aristotelian concept of the inner finality of action. It allows to explicit a substantial conception of practical rationality according to which the cognitive and the motivational aspects of moral judgements are not mutually exclusive
Tavernier, Frédéric. „Structure d'une philosophie morale selon confucius et aristote“. Paris 4, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA040135.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMagoulas, Charalampos. „Aristote dans les théories sémiotiques contemporaines“. Besançon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BESA1001.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAristotle's philosophy has given the ground to scientific debates since the antiquity. We have chosen to study the reception of the philosopher's thought and the means of its interpretation, appropriation and transformation in the modern semiotic theories in order to illuminate some specific domains of the modern semiotic theory such as discourse analysis, semiotics of reception and the relation between semiotics and philosophy of language. The founding hypothesis of this research is that the investigation of the references to Aristotle in the semiotic texts can bring to light the differences between the Paris School of semiotics and Eco as far as it concerns the methodological basis on which they found their semiotics (linguistics for the Paris School and philosophy for Eco) and the filters they use in the treatment of modern semiotic questions such as everyday and literary speech, the image and art. From this differentiation derives the epistemological question about the connection and the continuity of the disciplines of language in the scientific area (ontology, philosophy of language, semiotics, semantics, rhetorics) and time (antiquity, the middle ages, today). This thesis demonstrates the necessity of an interdisciplinary approach of communicatory activities by applying this methodological point of view to the examination of two fields of the modern problematics in semiotics, the theory of sign and the semiotics of reception. The interdisciplinary work in humanities and social sciences should be valued in the future research on human communication
Sohn, Yun-Rak. „Hylê au seuil de l’ontologie : une recherche sur l’Etre et la matière chez Aristote“. Paris 4, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA040098.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDealing with the notion of matter in Aristotle, this thesis takes a critical regard to the traditional interpretation that considers the problem of matter as a burden on the Aristotelian ontology. In effect, the charge on this theory is caused not only by matter but by the fact that it has a frame of hylomorphism. The study begins by seizing a strange concept in Metaphysics Z 3, the matter qua subject, and this qua substance, from which issue two puzzling questions : that of prime matter and of substantial predication. The author makes an analysis on passages of the Categories, and enlarges his research in Aristotle’s texts of natural philosophy such as the Physics, On the Heavens, and On generation and corruption, and will return in the Metaphysics for an attempt to answer some important ontological questions
Brière, Véronique. „Langage, sémantique et ontologie : une étude de la problématique catégoriale dans l'oeuvre d'Aristote (Des Catégories aux catégories)“. Paris 10, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA100171.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis dissertation interrogates the notion of categories in Aristotle's work in ils various formulations as it ranges across the registers of physics and metaphysics, dialectics, and logic. A detailed rereading of Categories that focuses on Aristotle's interpretation of the origins of the ontological aporias -- of Platonism in particular-- reveals how the text adumbrates a philosophical strategy meant to deconstruct such aporias. A reading of On Sophistical Refutations, of Topics, and Prio rAnalytics confirms that at the basis of ibis strategy is a reflection on semantics. Semantics, however, cannot be reduced to ontology, although it is founded upon it. Rather, it represents the means to establish a new ontology. Consequently, categories should be understood as unity forms, and forms for determination, which supplant the domination of the logic of substance. As for metaphysics, it does not reduce categories to "genres" that would replace platonic ones (Sophist) nor to ontological accidents of substance. At stake here is the reinterpretation of the entire study of ousia in metaphysics as much as the supposed status of « categories. » My aim is to foreground the full scope of Aristotle's conceptualization of language, for it is neither a work of strict formalism nor simply a work on the rules of common speech. Not even the apophantic perspective of the sciences can ignore the semantic nature of language and the fact that the symbolic function it supposedly guarantees is thrown into question. This dissertation connects the understanding of katêgorein to Aristotle's interpretation of the aporias of Platonism, of the Eleates and of the physiologues. It connects it as well to what constitutes sophistics, i. E. The absence of semantics, a saturation based on the conflation of all units of meaning as well ac of any determined unit, with the form of substance, tode it. It is precisely against this dominant scheme, thought to be deleterious for language and ontology both, that Aristotle generates the concepts of categories. For this reason, I argue, we must no longer interpret categories as forms imposed on logos in predication or as types of "things" reduced to a naïve phenomenology. This new approach, rather, invites us to trace, from one text to another and within given texts, metaphorical slippages responsible for the ontological transformation of certain notions
Xiao, Lin. „Confucius et Aristote : éléments d'un essai de comparaison -le "Ren", la vertu, le juste milieu- à partir des textes originaux et de traductions françaises“. Limoges, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIMO2002.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleConfucius and Aristote are among the great thinkers of the "axial age" (Karl Jaspers). Value systems built during this period found and nurture the thoughts of humanity until today. So what are the conceptions of men for this two sages? How do they build the ideals of human relations? What are the contextual factors that underlie their thoughts? Through a new and constrastive analysis of the thoughts of Confucius and Aristote, concepts and words, Chinese and Greek, we try to present this work to highlight what are their common and complementary ideas beyond their differences
Cordell, Paris Crystal. „La science politique d'Aristote : la cité et son régime“. Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EHES0021.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis doctoral thesis is an examination of Aristotle's political science. In the first part, the relation between modern political science and Aristotelian political science will be considered. This part includes three lines of argument: a comparison between the ancient conception of the political animal and the modern conception of the individual, originating in a pre-political state of nature; an examination of the modern rejection of Aristotelian teleology; and an analysis of contemporary uses of Aristotle's political science. The second part is devoted to an interpretation of Aristotle's political thought, and to the Aristotelian science of the political regime, in particular. This science is examined through the notions of community (koinônia), political rule (archè politikè), and prudence (phronèsis). These notions will enable us to elucidate crucial analyses concerning the political nature of man; the best regime; and the status of practical and political science
Couillaud, Bruno. „Le discours rhétorique et le bien de la cité selon Aristote“. Paris 4, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA040186.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRhetoric, usual weapon of the demagogues or the ambitious, be useful to the politicians? Plato is severe and appears to mean, very unlike his disciple, Aristotle, that we cannot seek for common good using it. Thus we must first settle the legitimacy of rhetoric as a reasoning. Human reason uses it in probable matter, in the field of human conduct, moral or politic, dialectics being directly useful in thought field. However, one and the other are distinct from sophistic and eristic which aim at appearance or error. Then we look for the nature of the practical reasoning at the end of which we apply us to good. The light brought by Aristotle makes us distinguish between politics as certain knowledge which formulates common principles of human conduct and, first of all, common good as end of the city, and prudence which leans upon experience and formulates principles more circumstantial. As examples of practical reasoning, we study two discourses of Pericles and Isocrates. The third part tries at last to bring a solution : speculative and common first, distinguishing practical judgment from the judgment to which the orator leads; practical and applicated then, showing how rhetoric, subordinated to political prudence can serve to the common good of a city. This under three aspects: the one of argumentation where value and efficacy of example and enthymeme are shown; the one of the passions of the hearers, bound to the subjects entered upon by the orator (educator, suitor or counsellor); he must have them become his allies; at last, the one of the moral virtue of the orator who brings the argument of his person itself to oratorical art. Thus, mastering these three gifts, rational, affective and moral, may help serving common good in this part of its quest where speech is conclusive
Brochier, Emmanuel. „Thomas d’Aquin Physicien. Étude du Commentaire thomasien sur la Physique et de ses sources rushdienne et albertinienne“. Thesis, Paris 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA040132.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFollowing the works by F. Del Punta, S. Donati and C. Trifogli on the unpublished comments of Physics in the thirteenth century, this study puts forward a revaluation of Aquinas’s comment. By placing it in the exegetic tradition dominated by Averroes’s great comment and Albert’s paraphrase, Thomas’s rather puzzling intention becomes less theo-centred, and in a way, more physical, but also more paradoxical
Zhu, Weijia. „La diffusion et l'influence de la philosophie d'Aristote en Chine à partir des dynasties Ming et Qing“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Limoges, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIMO0014.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis focuses on the spread and the influence of Aristotle¡¯s ideas in China from the end of the Ming`s Dynasty to the contemporary period. The purpose of this research is to identify the interculturals impacts and to promote the understanding of the dialogues and the exchanges between European and Chinese native culture. It was of great importance to find out the translation of the works and also the specialized research on the philosophy of Aristotle in China. In addition, a comparative study on the philosophy of Aristotle and several major schools of thought in China in some areas, such as the ethics and the education of Confucius, the natural philosophy of Laozi, the logic of Mo Zi and the political thought of Han Feizi. At the end, we try to conclude with the considerable influence of Aristotle in several areas in China. This study is based on a wide series of documents we have got through in France and in China
Song, Dae-Hyeon. „La critique par Aristote du non-être (to mê on) chez Platon“. Paris 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA010540.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCarbone, Andrea L. „La représentation de l'organisation spatiale du corps chez Aristote“. Paris 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA010691.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTrevini, Bellini Alessandro. „Suspension du Capital-Monde par la production de la jouissance : Marx entre Aristote et la phénoménologie“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 10, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA100157.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe “suspension of the World–Capital by enjoyment production” announces something which belongs to the political order, and which fully concerns Marx’s thinking. As the subtitle indicates it aims to grasp the meaning of capital as “World Capital” thanks to the phenomenology, and to think about production as an “enjoyment production”, thanks to the praxis given by Aristotle. We therefore accept the challenge of a reading of Marx’s work, liberated both from Marxism and the modern philosophy horizon, in order to reveal the ontology at work since his early writings. In this respect, we will try to topicalise the issue of the domination of capital. Indeed, Marx did not finish to teach us how to analyse the essence of capitalism and to show us in which direction to take in order to produce differently i.e. to act freely and enjoy our works. Starting from the debate on the young Marx, we will indulge in a sort of genealogy of the constitution of his ontology. This road, full of deadlocks and blind-alleys, represents the main part of our work. In this context, our problem consists mainly in grasping the “logic device” of the 44 manuscripts in order to show that as an eidetic material it permits to understand the formality which will then found Das Kapital. Our duty will consist at the same time to seize the Marxian notion of activation in order to show that as a constitutive praxis, this notion makes possible the suspension of the totality of the functioning philosophical conditions of the World-Capital
Gullino, Silvia. „L'Autarkeia e i suoi significati in Aristotele“. Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010593.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTchana, Jules. „Pouvoir et autorité : regard aristotélicien sur les rapports entre les sciences politiques (politologie) et la philosophie politique“. Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010687.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDoes the government of men at whatever level improvise itself? as unlikely for one to note, politics seems to be easily within the grasp of anyone. There are as much of those who prepare themselves in specialized schools before becoming engaged in the professional life as those who think that governing does not need any particular formation. Aristotle recommends the importance of having one who is knowledgeable and well-formed. . . Like in medicine, who is attentive and prudent in various domains in order to improve the situation of men, whether they be numerous or few, and to organize community life. Bodeus maintains that the treatises on ethics and politics of the stagirite are lessons of a philosopher intended for the formation of political men. He uncovers the truth on what is the true human good and the nature of man. He helps them to acquire political excellence (virtue) - that practical disposition rendering one capable of organizing the city throught the formulation of just laws for the perfecting of man's becoming and for the happy life. Experience, a critical aptitude, proven morality, and an excellent education are the prerequisites in order for one to profit well from a philosophical political formation. An inexperienced young man, lacking in education and subject to his passions would be incapable of this formation for his end is in action rather than in knowledge. Unlike plato who wanted that the philosopher become king, aristotle thought that the role of philosopher was to form those who would govern so that they might know how to organize the conditions for the common +good living;, contribute towards the perfecting of man, and ordaining the citizens to a happy life. Such are the three main thrusts of the stagirite's ethi co-political reflection : the conditions of a political +good living)) or the establishment of the excellent constitution; the perfecting of human becoming or the question of education; and finally, the happy life or the determination of the principle of finality of human life. These three points correspond with the three parts of our study : politology (political sciences), education and philosophical politics. The objects of the aristotelean political philosophy are man and the excellent constitution. Having defined in his politics that happiness is an activity of the soul conform with perfect virtue, aristotle then examines
Cherif, Zahar Farah. „Le traité d’Aristote sur l’éternité du mouvement. Traduction et commentaire de Physique VIII“. Thesis, Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040186.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe dissertation consists of a new translation of the eighth book of Aristotle’s Physics followed by a linear and analytical commentary of the treatise. Based on a study of the contemporary secondary literature and a close examination of the Greek and Arabic exegesis, the aim of this work is to identify and analyse the difficulties of interpretation as well as the philosophical problems that arise inside the Aristotelian system. It demonstrates that Book VIII is all the way long a study of the eternity of motion and gives rise to three very different interpretations according to the way one understands the nature of this eternity. After a presentation of the first reading of the treatise, common to the Neoplatonist tradition (Philoponus and Simplicius) and the first Arabic reception of the text (Fārābī, Ibn Bāǧǧa and the young Averroes), and of the second reading, specific to the late works of Averroes, this research distances itself from both historical interpretations and develops a new reading of the treatise closer to the Aristotelian text
Chindea, Gabriel. „Le problème de la transcendance chez Aristote et Plotin“. Paris 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA010613.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEhrmann, Sabine. „Laisser voir : contemplation et photographie“. Paris 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA010626.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGoutierre, Laurent. „L'intelligence de la foi? : essai de dialogue avec la philosophie de Hegel“. Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010505.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe philosopher seeks to know man in all his dimensions, and thus i his ultimate aspefct, that is, his spirit. He also inquires so to discover whether there exists a being beyond man, a first spirit, a person who is source of man in his spirit, one whom religion tradition call god. In the light of this discovery, the philosopher has access to a new vision of man and of his spirit in its deepest capacity, but also of man in the radical fragility of his created spiritual soul. Is philosophy in its profundity not for this discovery of the human spirit and of God? It in this light that one must adders the philosophy of Hegel the question of God and of the connection between God and intelligence is indeed at the herad of his thought. It is pethaps even its inquiry par exellence. Some have said that hegelien philosophy is, as it were, an attempt at rational elucidation or explication of the mystery of Christ, and that his fundalmental question its : "who is the God-man?". Hence Hegel appears as a prinnacle in the history of philosophy, comparable in his design and the amplitude of his vision to Aristotle and Thomas Aquinas. But is the philosophy of Hegel a veritable wisdom? Does it allow for a true intelligence of faith, of the mystery of the mystery of Christ? This study attempts to contribute a few elements of reflection for an apparisal of hegelien philosophy in what constitutes its acme : what is the intelligence ? How can it cooperate with faith?
Bouchard, Elsa. „De la poétique à la critique : lʼinfluence péripatéticienne chez Aristarque“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA040057.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis sets out to examine two points of contact in the poetics of the Peripatetics and Aristarchus, namely : 1) the exegetical attitude that takes account of the fictionality of poetry, thus exempting it from the constraints of truthfulness that ancient readers traditionally imposed on it, especially within the allegorical tradition; 2) the perception of the content of a work of poetry as being autonomous from its author, especially with regard to the relation between the poet and his characters
Bassu, Sébastien. „"Métron", entre "logos" et "praxis" dans la philosophie grecque, d'Homère à Aristote“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM3135.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis study is concerned with the notion of μέτρον in Greek Antiquity from Homer to Aristotle. This notion means the « measure ». Mέτρον is a term which goes across in the same time the History of Ideas and the different domains of the philosophical thought. So the question is the determination of the meaning and function of μέτρον. In the first time, the study undertakes the determination of the ethical and practical notion about the « due measure » in the archaïc thought, from archaïc poetry (Homer, Hesiod) to Seven Wise Men and Elegy (Solo and Theognis).Then, the study undertakes to show how the « measure » is elevated to a scientifical function thanks to the mathematical development. By this development, the notion of « measure » is integrated in the rationality (logos) and study of the Physics by the first Presocratic Philosophers (Milesians, Pythagoreans, Heraclitus and Parmenides) : the « measure » is applicated to the Time and Space in Universe. Then, Plato makes metron a central notion of his philosophical thought as an ethical, epistemological and metaphysical term. He develops his own conception of « measure » against the relativism of the measure inherited from the sophistic (Protagoras and Gorgias). Finally, this study is closed on an examen about the function of μέτρον in Aristotle’s Metaphysics, Physics and Ethics
Davy, Gaël. „Platon et Aristote face à la critique sophistique de l'ontologie“. Rennes 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004REN10162.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleElsakhawi, Ahmed Nabil. „Étude du livre Zāy (Dzêta) de la Métaphysique d'Aristote dans sa version arabe et son commentaire par Averroès“. Paris 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA010543.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotated translation of the arabic version of Aristotle's metaphysics (book z) and of its commentary by Averroès. Research on the terminology of the arabic version and on its commentary. Research on the doctrine of substance in Aristotle's metaphysics (book z) and in its commentary by Averroès. Other issues related to the one on substance are also considered, i. E. Generation, Aristotle's criticism of Plato's theory of ideas and definition
Therme, Anne-Laure. „Les principes du devenir cosmique chez Empédocle d'Agrigente et Anaxagore de Clazomène à partir de leur critique aristotélicienne“. Paris 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA010612.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDubouclez, Olivier. „L'invention de l'analyse : généalogie d'un concept d'Aristote à Descartes“. Paris 4, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA040195.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work is dedicated to the study of the concept of analysis, of its shaping in the fields of method and epistemology from Aristotle to Descartes. It argues that such a notion has evolved from a marginal scientific tool, unable to fit the axiomatic model of the Aristotelian analytics, to a widespread form of scientific knowledge. Such an evolution is grounded in the leading function of subjectivity at the heart of analytical method : as a consequence, is has contributed to giving an increasing role to analysis in the search for truth. Starting with Descartes' discourse about ancient analysis and ending with his metaphysics, the present study deals with the various conceptions of analysis - mathematical, dialectical or physical - in the Greek, Arabic and Latin contexts ; from their interpretation it establishes that the transformations of analysis have caused a radical change in the very nature of thought and in the order of its process
Ogien, Ruwen. „La faiblesse de la volonté : (Aristote, Davidson)“. Paris 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA010648.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThree types of esplanation of human action are submitted to the aristotelician test of acrasia (weakness of will, intentional action aginst one's own better judgement) : the causal, the logical (the so-called practical syllogism) and the mixed (the aristotelician theory of phronesis or the davidsonian theory of practical reasoning). The conclusion is sceptical or negative. We don't have any convincing explantation or any good rational justification for our ordinary talk about the power of our desires and beliefs in the production and orientation of our actions
Aluze, Vincent. „Rhétorique et politique dans les "Librorum deperditorum Fragmenta" d'Aristote : avec présentation, édition, traduction, annotations et commentaire des fragments relatifs à la rhétorique, à l'éthique et à la politique“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM3111.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe thesis investigates the relationship between rhetoric, ethics and politics in the fragments of Aristotle’s lost works, and more globally its relation in Aristotle’s entire philosophy. This study intends to understand if Aristotle, in opposition to his predecessors, is the « inventor » of the rhetoric – to which he awards the value of technique with a proper methodology and object in the eponym treatise – from is early years works, or if his conception of it evolved in time. In doing so, and considering the ethico-political aspects of these lost works, the thesis discusses the main interpretative hypothesis that have been proposed on this subject in order to support the theory of Aristotle’s thought consistency, more than its evolution. The study stands in two main parts. The first one consists in the edition, the translation sometimes unprecedented in French language, and the annotation of Librorum deperditorum’s fragments related to rhetoric and politics, including the corresponding critical apparatus. The second inspects the consistency of Aristotle’s thought using the fragments’ comments and in comparison to the works of the sophists (Protagoras, Gorgias, Isocrates, Lycophron), of Plato (Gorgias, Phaedrus) and of the aristotelian treatises. To proceed, a lexical study of the vocabulary used by Aristotle, a philosophic analysis of a few main concepts (andreia, eleutheriotês, eugeneia, metron, orgê, phronêsis) justified by their presence in the fragments and the rest of the Corpus aristotelicum, and a comprehensive textual exegesis have been undertaken