Dissertationen zum Thema „Aristote (0384-0322 av. J.-C. ; philosophe) – Métaphysique“
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Souchard, Bertrand. „Aristote, de la physique à la métaphysique, réceptivité et causalité“. Dijon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002DIJOL004.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKapadais, Doukas. „Quelques paradoxes du non-être chez Aristote“. Paris 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA040013.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGuyomarc'h, Gweltaz. „Aux origines de la métaphysique : l’interprétation par Alexandre d’Aphrodise de la Métaphysique d’Aristote“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lille 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL30004.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAristotle does not use the word "metaphysics". The books called "Metaphysics" clearly lack unity. The science called "metaphysics" seems to break the common epistemological rules set by Aristotle himself. From that point of view, it seems problematic to consider Aristotle as the "founding father of metaphysics". The present dissertation aims to show that the foundation of metaphysics as a science is also based on the work of the Ancient Commentators, especially Alexander of Aphrodisias (fl. 200 AD). Paradoxically, the "Exegete par excellence" makes it possible to be engaged in metaphysics without limiting metaphysics to explaining Aristotle's books. The reason is that he tries in fact to makes explicit and to enhance the unity of this work as well as to establish the unity of the corresponding science. According to him, metaphysics is both universal and the first true science. As such it constitutes the condition for any type of knowledge to be established as a science. Metaphysics is devoted to three main programs : the general study of being, the study of substance, the study of the first cause. These different programs are closed enough to be carried out within one single science. The passage from one level to another is guided by what I propose to call the Principle of Maximum Casuality. In this way, the substance is the higher being and the cause of being for all the rest ; the first cause is the higher and most thinkable substance, the cause of the order on the world, and what makes it intelligible. So the Exegete offers a strong view of the unity of metaphysics and thanks to this reappropriation Aristotle's work became the origin of a long-lasting tradition
Timbert, Anne. „Individuations manières d'être“. Nice, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NICE2004.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHow can we speak of individuation? How far can we go into individuations? Twenty four centuries separate these two ways of considerating the same question. Through those two interrogation means Aristote and G. Deleuze seem both to refer the question of individuation to that of consistency, but through very different ways. If the problem of consistency has still a sens outside the thought of substance, then what does that kind of non-substantial consitency cover? Indeed, individuals differ, distinguish themselves the one from the other. But does this statement concern the question of individuation to such an extent? Philosophers (like H. Bergson, M. Merleau-ponty, G. Simondon) but artists as well (P. Cezanne, P. Klee, A. Artaud, M. Blanchot) will help us no doubt to lay out the essential stakes of such an interrogation. In fact, we can wonder wether we do not always differ from someone or something according to extrinsic differences - whereas we become the patient of an individuating difference as we actualize a background or as we resolve a given configuration of problematic regions according to the scope of a certain ability or singular way of being
Guéguen, Haud. „La mesure du possible chez Aristote : étude sur la notion aristotélicienne de "dunaton"“. Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010692.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleJoachim, Henri-Gaël. „Heidegger et Aristote : pour une métaphysique de l'être-en-acte“. Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010538.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe confrontation between Heidegger and Aristotle allows to raise the problem of being in act. According to Heidegger, the apex of Aristotle’s thought lies in the discovery of being as energeia. In the course of his works on Aristotle, Heidegger has underlined the importance of the Aristotelian conception of the anteriority of actuality over potentiality. However, in his own philosophy, he has reversed this hierarchical relation by giving primacy to the possible over the actual. From the Heideggerian point of view, this inversion can be explained by his rejection of any form of onto-theo-logy. Now, from an Aristotelian point of view, it can also be explained by the "forgetting" of the distinction between the determination and the conditioning. Neglecting this distinction makes it impossible to discover actuality as principle and final cause of that which is. This amounts to a move from a theological inquiry in the order of being to a quest for the foundation or condition of possibility. As a matter of fact, Heidegger, in his commentaries on Aristotle’s metaphysics says nothing of the induction of being in act of book 9 chapter 6. It appears then that a rediscovery of being in act is necessary. The way leading to such a discovery must start from the judgment of existence, and go on with the inquiry into the principles of that which is. But after being and time, it is impossible to neglect the study of dasein. This is why, today, it is necessary to develop Aristotle’s perspective with a thinking of the "i am", in the light of being in act. M. D. Philippe has already attempted such an endeavor. It seems to us that his philosophical reflection enables us to go beyond the dilemma between Aristotle and Heidegger, and to articulate a metaphysics of being in act
Triantaphyllou, Stavroula. „La causalité chez Hegel et Aristote“. Paris 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA010525.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTorrente, Luca. „Génération, nature et individuation chez Aristote“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2022SORUL015.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMy thesis proposes to examine the problem of individuation in Aristotle’s philosophy from a study on the generation of living beings. This choice has made possible to approach a controversial problem from an almost unprecedented perspective. The first part of the thesis is an analysis of the generation of physical substances in the Aristotelian corpus. This chapter aims to highlight the specific characteristics of the absolute generation of substances in relation to other types of becoming. The second part studies the embryogenesis of the living beings from a perspective that seeks to integrate the hylomorphic model into another, more complex and exhaustive model, which is that of dynamic development. In the third part, the problem of individuation is addressed. We complete the analysis of the animal generation to its end: the development of the hereditary and particular characteristics of each individual. The two best-known theses – the identification of the principle of individuation with matter or form – are discussed and criticized. Finally, a solution is proposed that establishes three particular causes capable of explaining the generation of an individual as an individual, based on a passage from Metaphysics Λ 5. The fourth part considers the specificity of the human being in the question of individuation. It is a question of the individualization of man, the process by which a certain individual seeks to constitute himself as an agent subject and autonomous legal person within a given community
Gauthier-Muzellec, Marie-Hélène. „Eidos et ousia : les rapports de la forme et de la substance dans les livres centraux de la métaphysique (Z-H-O) : le cas particulier de l'âme“. Paris 4, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA040038.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim is to demonstrate, using as one's starting point, the study of the elaboration of a minimal structure of relations between form and substance, the truly central role of books z-h-o, which play a fundamental part in the elaboration, while at the same time defining the conditions for applying and legitimating the structure involved. A systematic appraisal of the examples used by Aristotle may serve as a proof of this hypothesis and, at once, reveal the judiciousness of a graded scale of reference to the specific case of the soul, considered from a metaphysical point a view, but also from a psycho-physiological one. There are, therefore, two reasons for the privileged case of the soul, in so far as it governs the achievement of the structure, which has become a general model for the analysis of being and natural evolution, as well as resisting validity of the model it has permitted. Psycho-physiology of faculties becomes the unthinkable of the system it founds, which may coincide with the silent premiss of any rigorous metaphysic
Lefebvre, David. „Capacité, force et puissance, sur la genèse et les sens de la notion aristotélicienne de dynamis“. Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010512.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleElsakhawi, Ahmed Nabil. „Étude du livre Zāy (Dzêta) de la Métaphysique d'Aristote dans sa version arabe et son commentaire par Averroès“. Paris 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA010543.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotated translation of the arabic version of Aristotle's metaphysics (book z) and of its commentary by Averroès. Research on the terminology of the arabic version and on its commentary. Research on the doctrine of substance in Aristotle's metaphysics (book z) and in its commentary by Averroès. Other issues related to the one on substance are also considered, i. E. Generation, Aristotle's criticism of Plato's theory of ideas and definition
Lurson, Guillaume. „Ravaisson et le problème de la métaphysique“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU20054.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFar from a mere label created for the purpose of historical classification, Ravaisson’s spiritualism opens the horizon of a refoundation of metaphysics at the heart of the French 19th century. From Aristotle’s Metaphysics, Ravaisson puts together a critique of what can be called “the metaphysics of separation”, the starting point of which is to be found in the writings of the Stagira-born philosopher. From there, he will endeavor to elaborate a philosophy that affirms the identity of Being and Thought far from any transcendence or dualism. That is how the question of metaphysics can be posed: can one overcome the aporia inherited from Aristotle’s Metaphysics, and stitch up the gap between the entity and the Being, Nature and the Spirit, or even Man and God? Or should one, on the contrary, consider that separation defines the inaugural gesture of metaphysics? By refusing this latter possibility, Ravaisson builds a philosophy that entirely refutes Kant’s transcendental idealism, or Comte’s positivism and, more broadly even, any materialistic way of thinking. The lost unity of metaphysics, that is, its possibility, must thus be sought by questioning Aristotle’s heritage, in order to determine whether one should think with, or against it
Vanandruel, Jean-Pierre. „L'analyse du mouvement dans les traités de philosophie de la nature et dans les traités métaphysiques d'Aristote“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01H230.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAristotle's Metaphysics contains analyses of movement. The present thesis seeks to determine the reasons for their presence in these texts, and the point of view - different from that of physics - under which Aristotle studies what the causes and principles of natural movements are. A study of previous opinions and the construction of correlative aporias shows that Aristotle situates the inquiry of the Metaphysics in continuity with those of other philosophers: the aim is to conceive what the first principles of all things, or of all beings, are, in a way that improves on the Physicists and the Platonists. Now, since he criticises his predecessors’ principles on the ground that they are incapable of explaining natural movements, we can conclude that the solutions conceived by Aristotle do provide first principles capable of accounting for natural movements. The wisdom and the first science of the Metaphysics is, in my view, this search for the first principles and the first causes. This science is the science of substance, and so is distinguished from physical science, in that it establishes that substances are the first principles of all things, and this in three different senses: (1) substances are principles of all things, since without them there can be no other beings and no movement; (2) the form is first substance and principle of compound substances; and, with matter, it is an ungenerated principle for their generations and their movements; (3) there are substances that are prior to natural substances: the ordered movers of the movements of the celestial spheres
Maskaleut, Steve. „Έξις (état) et πως έχειv (se-conduire-d'une certaine-manière) dans la pensée d'Aristote : attitude subjective, forme de l'action et du mouvement“. Paris 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA010628.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOgien, Ruwen. „La faiblesse de la volonté : (Aristote, Davidson)“. Paris 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA010648.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThree types of esplanation of human action are submitted to the aristotelician test of acrasia (weakness of will, intentional action aginst one's own better judgement) : the causal, the logical (the so-called practical syllogism) and the mixed (the aristotelician theory of phronesis or the davidsonian theory of practical reasoning). The conclusion is sceptical or negative. We don't have any convincing explantation or any good rational justification for our ordinary talk about the power of our desires and beliefs in the production and orientation of our actions
Manzini, Frédéric. „Spinoza : lecteur d'Aristote“. Paris 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA040157.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleVernier, Jean-Marie, und Albert le Grand. „Le Livre sur la nature et l'origine de l'âme d'Albert le Grand : introduction, traduction et notes, suivies de notes complémentaires et de traduction de lieux parallèles pris des Commentaires d'Albert sur la Métaphysique, Le traité de l'âme et la Physique d'Aristote“. Paris 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA040230.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe Albert the Great's book on nature and origin of the soul: introduction, translation and footnotes, followed by complementary notes and translation of paralell texts taken from Albert the Great's commentaries on Aristotle's Metaphysics, Treatise on the soul and Physics. Age : XIIIth century. Type : Treatise of natural philosophy (in an Aristotelian meaning). Author : Albert the Great (dominican and bishop, Doctor of the Church). Language : medieval latin. Themes : First Treatise : The Intellect's causality on the Nature, the natural being and gradual change; the generation and nature of the vegetative, sensitive and rational soul; the cognitive and motor faculties of the rational soul. Second Treatise : the separation and personal immortality of the soul, the state and the place of the separated soul according to the philosophers, the state of the soul after the death. Main authorities : Plato, Aristotle, Macrobius, Calcidius, Pseudo-Dionysius, Liber De Causis, Avicenna, Averrois. The introduction of this doctoral thesis shows the influence of this Albert's book on Dante (Convivio), Berthold von Moosburg, Guillaume de Vaurouillon, Marsile Ficin
El, Hachimi Lucile. „Métaphysique et perfection : l’articulation fārābīenne du théorique et du pratique“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUL111.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis PhD thesis is a study of the thought of al-Fārābī, the first of the main Aristotelian Arabic philosophers, and presents it as a systematic philosophy of realisation. Starting with the problematic crux of the articulation between the theoretical and the practical, it questions the totalizing unification that characterizes the “Second Master’s” work. Our hypothesis is that this realisation, both in its intensive form as completion and its extensive form as integration, takes place through a redefinition of two (neo-)Aristotelian concepts: metaphysics and perfection. These two notions, that al-Fārābī transforms in order to offer answers to tensions proper to the Aristotelian positions, lead to an original philosophical system. The notion of fiṭra, which defines the Fārābīan human figure, is based on Alexander of Aphrodisias’ essentialist interpretation of perfection. It enables an elaboration of human nature as a disposition in the logic of substantialization. With this new concept, al-Fārābī inscribes a dynamic at the heart of the substance while rendering its completion essential. From this foundational step, he erects a genuine practical science built around the deliberative virtue and the rules it produces. This is only possible through major ontological transformations: thus the concept of thing appears, as well as the formal ontology it enables and the distinction between essence and existence which it presupposes. Through his substantialization, the philosopher offers everyone their realisation in the form of religion, so that his political action enables the architectonic integration of all existents, hence showing what it is to be a principle
Charfeddine, Slim. „Immédiateté et médiation dans le discours sur l'être chez Aristote et Hegel“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lille 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL30044.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAs Nature - which loves to hide - mediation appears at first as missing or forgotten. Ontology develops spontaneously as a discourse affirming the immediacy of being. But if being is immediate, that is to say simple identity in itself, then no discourse on being is possible. Only mediation, which is negative identity, or even identity which exists through the articulation of otherness, enables ontology to exist as a discourse on being. But not only does the concept ofmediation enable ontology, but it also remarkably enlightens Aristotle’s Metaphysics. That is why we suggest an interpretation of Aristotle’s Metaphysics which shows its thematical unity through the concept of mediation.Then, the core of mediation is logic grasped thanks through the following steps : first of all through Plato’s philosophy of language, that interprets predicating as unity of the same nessand of the difference, then through Aristotle’s syllogistic logic based on the middle term, the true mediator of the terms of the conclusion, and finally through Hegel’s speculative logic.Finally, the concept of mediation enables the reader to somewhat make sense of the Historyof Philosophy and especially to sort typical answers (that is ideal types) regarding ontology’sforemost disputed point i.e. the relationship between being and discourse. Moreover, we will study two periods in the History of Philosophy : ancient philosophy starting from Parmenides’claim that being is immediate to Aristotle’s mediation, perceived as a purpose or the actualization of a potentiality or even entelechy and modern History from Descartes to Hegel during which a similar movement occurs but with a different starting point : the concept of actual infinity vs the concept of being
Doumic, Jacques. „La substance sensible : unicité de la forme substantielle et position de la substance. Essai de philosophie de la nature“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2023. https://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/ulprive/DDOC_T_2023_0121_DOUMIC.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe idea of substance is associated to various well-known features: it is the underlying of small-scale changes; it is the subject existing in itself and able to host accidents; it is the individual of choice. Against the price of a vigorous simplification, one can trace this basic model back to Aristotle and Aquinas, and deduce various consequences from it: omnipresence (everything is substance, part of substance, or accident attached to a substance); uniqueness of the substantial form (a set of substances or a part of substance are not substances); univocity (the notion of substance is not susceptible of more and less).A beautiful editorial vivacity can testify that the conceptualization works relating to the substance goes on, with frequent references to ancient authors and in particular to Aristotle. In itself, an oriented cartography of works, especially contemporary ones, constitutes an important task of philosophical synthesis, and one of the objectives of the present thesis. In practice, given the extent of what can be drawn from the Aristotelian corpus and its exegeses, a very important part of the thesis will be devoted to the Aristotelian approach to substance (more than 400 pages). This approach will be completed, in a more succinct way, by the contributions of the Thomistic school : the notion of creation (which, by contraposition, sheds light on the notion of change), the doctrine of analogy, the real distinction between essence and esse and the identification of substance through a particular relation between essence and esse
Pralon, Didier. „Les témoignages d'Aristote sur les atomistes anciens dans le fragment 208, dans les traités de la Métaphysique, de la Physique, du De Caelo et du De Generatione et Corruptione“. Aix-Marseille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX10016.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMoulin, Isabelle. „La question aristotélicienne de Dieu et sa réception chez les commentateurs grecs et médiévaux“. Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010671.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBoccaccini, Frederico. „Franz Brentano et le principe de référence intentionnelle : une étude sur la métaphysique et la philosophie de l'esprit de Brentano à la lumière des derniers écrits (1905-1917)“. Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010521.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKevorkian, Gilles-Alexandre. „L'essentialisme platonicien : la perspective fondationnelle“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0087.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWhat is the nature of the primary beings which a long-standing tradition has studied under the name of Platonic Forms ? To this « nature question », following Aristotle’s criticisms of Forms, the majority view has given an answer in terms of metaphysical categories: Platonic Forms are universals of a predicative kind. This latter view is reductionist: Plato’s essences are not predicates. Plato answers the « nature question » about the Forms on a foundational basis: Platonic Forms are essences which perform both a definitional function and a grounding function. Plato’s definitional essentialism is well known ; Plato’s caracterization of essences as grounds has not yet been studied. That is the reason why we focus on defending a grounding view of Plato’s essentialism : essences as grounds are set forth by Plato in the "Phaedo" and criticized in the "Parmenides". This grounding view is expressed by the terms "in virtue of" (διὰ+accusatif), "why" (διὰ τί) and "because" (δι' ὃτι) in the platonic corpus, and thus anticipates the metaphysics and logic of the contemporary concept of ground. While focusing on the nature of essences as grounds, we also show how Plato’s eidetic essentialism has its own conceptual space, how it is different from both objectual and generic essentialisms. By combining the study of ancient philosophy and contemporary metaphysics, we try to defend Plato’s essentialism as a viable metaphysical option
Angelis, Nicolas K. „L'être et la justice chez Aristote“. Paris 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA020008.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe being and the justice in accordance with aristotle are examined under the angle of the relationship existing between the knowing subject (man) and the object of knowledge. The knowledge enables the knowing subject to appropriate the qualities of its object and is divided in theory and in practice, in proportion to whether it refers to the universe or the man respectively. Thus the word being means either the universe or the human society. The universe is a total within which are included certain being, i. E. , the substances: god, substances of the heaven (planets) and natural substances (natural bodies). The component elements of the natural substances are the passive material and the active form the cause of the change and movement. The justice refers to the human political society. The unit of social relationships constitutes the particular object of justice. The relationship of governorgoverned is the object of distributive political science. In accordance with aristotle the governing of the state must be committed to the best citizen. The financial relationships and the distribution of wealth is the object of corrective justice
Spaak, Claude Vishnu. „Interprétations phénoménologiques de la Physique d'Aristote chez Heidegger et Patočka“. Thesis, Paris 4, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA040171.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis confronts the Heideggerian and Patočkian interpretations of the fundamental concepts of Aristotelian Physics. Both interpretations share a point in common: according to Heidegger and Patočka, Aristotle conceives movement as a fundamental ontological determination of Being. Indeed, movement (κίνησις/μεταβολή) is conceived by Aristotle as a process of unconcealment, of coming into presence of entities in the openness of manifest being. Nevertheless, Heidegger and Patočka disagree on the way that one should understand the meaning of this ontological movement at the core of nature (φύσις). This thesis is entirely dedicated to examining these differences. Our aim is to show, through Heidegger’s and Patočka’s interpretations of Aristotle, that there are two distinct and by all means opposed conceptions of the meaning and status of phenomenological ontology itself. This thesis concludes both to Heidegger’s philosophical idealism, and to Patočka’s contrary attempt to build a cosmological realism that challenges to a certain extent the identity between Being and meaning. In the working out of this thesis, a very particular focus is drawn on the concept that concentrates the entire charge of the tension, i.e. the concept of matter (ὕλη)
Baghdassarian, Fabienne. „La question du divin dans la philosophie aristotélicienne“. Thesis, Lyon 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO30060/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleStudying the question of the divine in Aristotle implies to determine to which problem the Aristotelian conception of the divine is supposed to answer. Two conclusions can be drawn from close examination of the corpus aristotelicum in its entirety, and particularly of these texts in which the study of divine realities is Aristotle’s major concern (Physics, VII-VIII; De Cœlo, I-II, Metaphysics, Lambda). In the first place, it clearly appears that, according to Aristotle, the question of the divine is not a theological question, but an archological one. Indeed, nowhere Aristotle studies the divine beings in order to explore deeply the nature of the gods, but rather with the intention of investigating the first principles of phusis and ousiai. The Aristotelian conception of the divine is thus the consequence of the detailed examination of the first principles, thanks to which Aristotle thinks he will be able to define precisely the nature of the principle qua principle and then to solve some aporia about the archè. In the second place, it is worth noting that each of the three main texts in which Aristotle develops his conception of the divine is characterized by slight but significant differences in method. Depending on whether the question of the divine belongs to the science of nature (physics) or to the science of ousia (ousiology), the demonstration of the existence of divine beings and the description of their nature and causality are expressed in different ways, in accordance with the concepts employed in each science. In short, each investigation about divine beings is characterized by its singular form, which is the product of the regionalization of each inquiry, i.e. of its methodical adaptation to the conceptual tools of the science to which it belongs
Raffray, Matthieu. „« De Relativis » : La doctrine des relatifs jusqu’aux synthèses d’Albert le Grand et de Thomas d’Aquin“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 4, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA040095.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe primacy of relation is a fundamental characteristic of contemporary philosophies as well as recent evolutions of Christian theology: the goal of this study is to describe the first developments of the notion of relation up to the great theological synthesis of the 13th century, in order to evaluate the historical foundations and the conceptual validity of the contemporary “relationalisms”. After studying the birth of the ontology of relative beings by Plato and Aristotle, as well as through the ambiguities of their transmissions, we show how the theologians of Antiquity exploited those philosophical sources using two models: the “differentiated attribution” with Augustine, and the “differentiated accidentality” with Boethius. During the 12th century, those two antique models became in their turns the origin of a change of paradigm on the problem of predicatio in divinis, from Gilbert of Poitiers to Peter Lombard. We then center our study on the sentential synthesis of Albert the Great and Thomas Aquinas, who both exploited the notion of relation as a key-element of a united and well-structured description of their theological thought. Albert uses a typical Aristotelian notion of relation as a tool for building a coherent and rational theology; Thomas develops those albertian intuitions and organizes a well-ordered view of the World in its relations to God, whose condition, contrary to many thomistic interpretations, is a strictly accidental conception of the relative beings. At the end of this historical path, we will then have shown the Platonist temptation which constitutes the conceptual source of the contemporary “relationalisms”
Brown, Julius. „Penser le corps, sa puissance et sa destinée chez Spinoza : aux sources de son anthropologie“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAK012.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSpinoza assesses the Copernican revolution and advocates a rationalist and materialistic naturalismagainst the onto-theological tradition, Aristotle and Descartes as the two main figures thereof,theologians and the Bible not to mention. Spinoza interprets the error of geocentrism as indicating twoother errors: classical anthropological dualism which subjugated the body to the soul and the illusion offree-will. By gnoseological, psychophysical and socio-emotional rehabilitation of the body, he claims tolead man to present salvation, not eschatological, reconciling him with himself and with God as Nature.The permanence of Hebraic anthropological sensibility is pregnant, which does not cancel metaphysical,soteriological and ethical disparities between him and the Bible. These disparities could bring Spinozacloser to Aristotle than to Descartes. Will the spinozian project keep its promises without relapsing intothe traps of the mythical and the mystical ?
El, Hachimi Lucile. „Métaphysique et perfection : l’articulation fārābīenne du théorique et du pratique“. Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUL111.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis PhD thesis is a study of the thought of al-Fārābī, the first of the main Aristotelian Arabic philosophers, and presents it as a systematic philosophy of realisation. Starting with the problematic crux of the articulation between the theoretical and the practical, it questions the totalizing unification that characterizes the “Second Master’s” work. Our hypothesis is that this realisation, both in its intensive form as completion and its extensive form as integration, takes place through a redefinition of two (neo-)Aristotelian concepts: metaphysics and perfection. These two notions, that al-Fārābī transforms in order to offer answers to tensions proper to the Aristotelian positions, lead to an original philosophical system. The notion of fiṭra, which defines the Fārābīan human figure, is based on Alexander of Aphrodisias’ essentialist interpretation of perfection. It enables an elaboration of human nature as a disposition in the logic of substantialization. With this new concept, al-Fārābī inscribes a dynamic at the heart of the substance while rendering its completion essential. From this foundational step, he erects a genuine practical science built around the deliberative virtue and the rules it produces. This is only possible through major ontological transformations: thus the concept of thing appears, as well as the formal ontology it enables and the distinction between essence and existence which it presupposes. Through his substantialization, the philosopher offers everyone their realisation in the form of religion, so that his political action enables the architectonic integration of all existents, hence showing what it is to be a principle
Brague, Rémi. „Aristote et la question du monde“. Paris 4, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA040002.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSome aspects of aristotle's metaphysics, physics, ethics and psychology can be accounted for as dim echoes of a concept a. Never dealt with thematically : being-in-theworld (heidegger's in-der-welt-sein). Classical greek though as a whole, although it was fascinated by the orderliness of the cosmos, hardly asked what being-in-the world means (ch. 1). The experience of facticity, which is one of its main features, enables a. To justify philosophical life in the protrepticus, but he conceives of this life as focussing on contemplation, i. E. Access to what emphatically is (ch. 2). A. Never got rid of this ambiguity, which arises from such a transposition : his ethics bear witness of his hesitating between two subjects of moral life : the i whom it behoves to act, because of his uniqueness, gives way to man as defined by his place among other parts of the universe (ch. 3 & 4). A. Therefore has to define man as the worldliest of all sublunar beings : he imitates the universe thanks to his universality and because he can grasp the highest beings (ch. 5). Nevertheless, a. Cannot define topos - the place in which things are - without his referring to our paculiar way of being there, although he later brings back the idea of universe through his theory of the dimensions of human body as rooted in the objective structure of the cosmos (ch. 6). The difficulties in a. "s definition of the soul as well as in his doctrine of the active intellect stem from his attempt at translating what he silently conceives of as the vey openness of the world through our presence, into the optics of worddly realitywhat compels him to reduce soul to consciousness of what takes place among things of the world. (ch. 7). A. Conceives the universe in a way which leads him to dis- card specifically human motion on behalf of the heavenly beings' absolute continuity. However, the first mover's self-contemplation mirrors the unresolved ambiguity of hu- man energeia : both the pure act of being there and the activity of contemplating the highest being coalesce in it (ch. 8). However, a. 's central ontological concept, en- ergeia, cannot be defined apart from the experience of our being there (ch. 9)
Châteauvieux, Marie de. „Justice et amitié selon Aristote“. Paris 4, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA040100.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBégorre-Bret, Cyrille. „Aristote et la définition de l'homme“. Paris 10, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA100167.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleScholars usually think that Aristode makes a de finition of man. But they don't analyze the different phrases made by Aristode on man through his own conception of de finition. Definition is a very specific kind of sentence which offers the most fondamental scientific knowledge about a being. It must comply certain characteristics. It must in particular be universal, i. E. Hold for ail the deftniendum. But if one tries to collect, compare and scrutinize these different formulas, one can unexpectedly see that none of them can be considered as the definition of man by the Philosopher. The famous phrases describing men as politicaI or rationaI animaIs can't be definitionnal in Aristode's view because they don't fit his own definitional standards: they don't show a characterist universally owned by men and by men only. Aristode's conception of man is not aimed at deflning him but at describing his naturaI features or at showing his dignity
Murgier, Charlotte. „Recherches sur le platonisme d'Aristote et ses limites en philosophie pratique“. Lille 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL30052.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis dissertation challenges the view that the question of Aristotle's relationship to Platonism has been settled, being reduced either to a strong opposition to the theory of Ideas or, following the developmental account, to a progressive departure from platonic views. The notion of Aristotle as a close reader of Plato proves far more enlightening : being problematical rather than doctrinal, his Platonism inherits aporiai rather than claims. This approach gives greater intelligibility to the main concepts of Aristotelian ethics (pleasure, happiness, friendship, phronesis) the genesis of which is indebted to the questions raised in the Dialogues. Furthermore, it enables us to grasp the thread that runs through Aristotle's confrontation with Platonic ethics. Far from being reductible to a simple dismissial of the metaphysics of Ideas, his criticism proceeds more positively, attempting to go beyond the limits of the Platonic account of action, wether they be manifested in the aporiai of friendship or practical knowledge, or in the ethical and ontological condemnation of pleasure, tragedy or democracy. By giving pleasure its dignity and status in the happy life, by accounting for the role of friendship in the virtuous life and by rethinking the kind of knowledge required for acting. Aristotle gives sense and consistency to the various aspects of our practical life. His debate with Platonism enables us to understand how action gives shape to an agent, in that it allows him to fulfil himself. Thus, it elucidates the simple and singular fact that justifies the human need of ethics, namely that a human being has to act in order to be
Pellegrin, Pierre. „Biologie et politique chez Aristote“. Paris 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA010517.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleJaulin, Annick. „Genre, genèse et génération : de l'ousia prôtè chez Aristote“. Paris 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA010529.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLefebvre, René. „La ressemblance chez Aristote“. Paris 4, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA040115.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIt seems that the place of likeness is less important in Aristotle than in Plato and pre-Socratic philosophy: paradigmatism, cratylism, presocratic dynamics or fascination for pseudos and eidola are dead. However, even while breaking, Aristotle goes on speaking of the resemblance of the opposites, and of the likeness of forms in the perceived thing and the perceiving mind. More, he makes likeness become a semantic theme of henology, and lets it go on trying to unify the world, qua analogy in horizontality, and vertical mimesis in cosmo-theology. Dialectic considers it as an indispensable organon of definition, induction and hypothetical reasoning. Thoughts are called homoiomata, and Aristotle discovers phantasia. Contra Plato, he understands what is valuable in poetical mimesis. As a biologist, he stresses upon the resemblance between parents and children, because he considers that reproduction is the perpetuation of a type
Lemaire, Juliette. „La contradiction chez Aristote : analyse et problèmes“. Paris 10, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA100088.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAristotle is supposed to be the inventor of the concept of contradiction: contradiction is the opposition between propositions. But, the analysis of the Aristotelian Corpus shows that contradiction may be close to equivocity: contradiction is one of the four ways of saying " to be opposite ", and contradiction is one of the ways propositions oppose each other. How to link the fourfold classification of the different meanings of opposition with the distinction between opposing propositions? Are they complementary or competing divisions? Why is contrariety so close to contradiction? After the study of the texts using and defining contradiction, this thesis presents an analysis of Metaphysics Gamma. Aristotle is facing those who deny the principle of noncontradiction. Besides the nature and the different stages of his argumentation, its analysis leads to discuss the question of a plurality of principles of non-contradiction
Borel, Denis. „L'habitus des principes selon aristote“. Paris 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA040213.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMartínez, Lucía. „La théorie du rêve chez Aristote : principes physiologiques et psychologiques“. Paris 4, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA040152.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFouoména. „Relativité de l'axiomatisation et vues logistiques de l'ancienne logique : essai sur les restrictions des systèmes d'axiomes formalisés de la syllogistique d'Aristote et de la dialectique des Stoi͏̈ciens en logique formelle contemporaine“. Lyon 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO31012.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOur essay analyses the limitations of the formalized and axiomatic interpretations of the theories of the ancient logic, spcially the aristotle's system. On one hand, in relation with the philosophical purposes which found epistemologically the theorical requirements and the semantical nature of the systems of the ancient logic. For, these systems coming within their author's pjilosophical conceptions, their formalization and axiomatization produce a kind of methodical abstraction inside the philosophical doctrines which express their reach. On the other hand, according to the relativity of the foremost notions and axioms which are freely choosen as the indefinable concepts and undemonstrable theorems in the formalized and axiomatic presentation of the aristotle's system. Thus, we settle that, the aristotle's syllogistic could not be interpreted as a formal axiomatic system which brings to the notion of thelogical law. So, like the stoic logic, it should be considered as a inferential system built on the formal inference rules which warrant the security of reasoning. Thereby, their modern readings as the systems of logical laws or thesis, would only have a reducing value which rectify and roughly adapt them to the methods of new logic
Journée, Gérard. „"Rien ne saurait naître de rien" : l'émergence du problème de l'être dans la philosophie préplatonicienne“. Lille 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LIL30005.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAccording to Aristotle, "nothing should come from what-is-not" had constituted the physicians' common opinion. This claim seems to be linked to his other idea that all physicians, from Thales to Democritus, had renounced the notion of coming-to-be in the strict sense. Many modern scholars want yet to see in this principle the work of Parmenides : he would indeed have enounced it for the first time in his Poem in view to destroy precisely coming-to-be. This conception has made a lot to change the modern perception of the thinkers before Parmenides, especially the Milesians. However, is it possible to deny them an implicit respect, at least, for the principle ? And if it is not the case, is it possible to claim that the principle constitutes immediately a principle of no-becoming ? In this study, we will wonder about the schemes linked to natural causality in Milesian philosophy, about their relations with the classical problem of conservation and the absence of coming-to-be in the strict sense. From Aristotle, we will wonder about the conceptions which are reasonably ascribable to Milesians. We will then study the occurences of the principle in the work of Parmenides and in the physics of the fifth century B. C. : Anaxagoras, Empedocles and Democritus
Guremen, Refik. „L'homme, le plus politique des animaux : essai sur les "Politiques" d'Aristote, livre I, chapitre 2“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010678.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis dissertation is dedicated to an exclusive study of Aristotle's "Politics", I, 2. It aims at analyzing Aristotle's affirmation that human beings are more political than the other political animals (Pol., I, 1, 1253a7-9). According to the most widely shared views about Aristotle's argument here, human beings would be more political either because they are rational, or because they have a natural capacity for speech or because they are perceptive about questions of morality. According to the idea defended in this study, although these exclusively human features are not impertinent to the specific form that human beings' political life takes, human beings' higher degree of politicalness cannot be explained on the basis of them. After a detailed examination of certain difficulties and shortcomings in contemporary commentaries on Politics, l, 2, we develop the thesis that according to Aristotle, the human being is more political because it is a gregarious animal of multiple communities. For Aristotle, human beings develop this multiplicity of communities for the sake of self-sufficiency. In order to show that this thesis is in conformity with Aristotle's other main idea that the polis exists for the sake of living-well, we demonstrate that elements of a different conception of living-well, based more on human being's animality than its rnorality, are present in Aristotle’s work. Aristotle's affirmation that the polis exists for the sake of living-well must be understood in this rather zoological sense of living-well
Crubellier, Michel. „Les livres "Mu" et "Nu" de la Métaphysique d'Aristote : traduction et commentaire“. Lille 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LIL30041.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDucos, Joëlle. „La météorologie en français : réception des Météorologiques d'Aristote (XIIIe et XIVe siècles)“. Paris 4, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA040305.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe object of this research is to investigate the mediaeval reception in French of Aristotle’s Meteorologica. Through a comparative examination of French and Latin translators ‘practices in the 13th and 14th centuries, a preliminary analysis of the difficulties of the translation from Aristotle is carried out, bringing to light the mediaeval definition of an Aristotelian text. A lexis of meteorology gradually forms up and the semantic field of air exemplifies the alterations in the language induced by those translations. The scholastic reading of Meteorologica reveals a multifarious questioning, while meteorology seems a merely marginal concern. Rational reflection on hydrometeors and wind however takes shape, involving original developments, and indue course, the observation of the real as well. On the contrary, the French Encyclopaedia, in constructing a synthesis of all cultures, apparently does not popularize the newest advances of knowledge. In fact, as an echo of the disputes of scholastics, it requires several levels of reading. French meteorology thus appears as the outcome of a cultural encounter rather than the reflection of popular lore. It evidences how difficult it was for Aristotelian theories to be assimilated, on account of epistemological obstacles and of a still present underlying symbolism. Nevertheless, thanks to Aristotle, a French discourse on meteorology was building up
Zingano, Marco Antonio de Avila. „Vertu et délibération : une étude de la notion de prohairesis chez Aristote“. Paris, EHESS, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993EHESA311.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe concept of prohairesis (choice) is one of the most important in aristotle's ethics. This thesis is divided into three chapters : the first one introduces the concepts of reason and practical reason; the second one discusses ethical choice and ethical virtue; the third and last one, which serves as a conclusion, deals with the meaning of happiness and the types of life in aristotle's ethics
Crubellier, Michel. „Il libro Lambda della Metafisica di Aristotele“. Lille 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL30082.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBataillard, Marie-Christine. „La structure de la doctrine aristotélicienne des vertus éthiques“. Paris 4, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA040116.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAristotle's doctrine of the moral virtues is not a confuse illustration of his theory that virtue is a mean, but a problematisation of his ethics. The successive analysis of the method in which the virtues are exposed, then of the objective aspects (sphere of each virtue, nomber, ordrer), lastly of the subjective aspects (nature of the mean, vices, excess and defect) leads indeed to determinate two patterns of morality : on the one hand, the moral virtues point out the praise of a well-tempered character, disposed to fulfil the political rules ; on the other hand, they combine desire and reason so that they produce the objective mean (that is a perfect balance of circumstances) and so become not only good, but also noble. This double conception is neither a contradiction nor the sign of an evolution of aristotle's thought ; it must be conserved in the form of the fecund opposition between letter and spirit, this according to the structure of the aristotelian moral doctrine
Viano, Cristina. „Héraclite dans Aristote“. Paris 4, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA040138.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe subject of this research is heraclitus' aristotelician source. The conceptual schemas through which aristotle exposes the ephesian's doctrine consist of two main themes one can also find in plato : being and becoming. Heraclitus is an ancient physiologist and according to him fire is the material cause and the arche (the principe of all beings). The choice of fire seems to distinguish him as "the most coherent" with monist vision of reality. In fact aristotle says that caracteristics of fire are extreme and belont more to form than to matter. Continuously all things have their origin in fire and come back to him. This becoming looks like a river stream. The only "persisting" thing is fire. Heraclitus' knowledge and ethics are in his physiology of fire. The resulting image is a total thought without qualitative breaks. Aristotle offen alludes to the heracliteans' mediation, of whose cratylus is the most representative. Heraclitismus appears as a theoretical involution : cratylus forgets ontological element of arche and makes absolue the river's speed and renonces to knowledge and to words. Heraclitus' sceptical interpretation begins in aristotle's source. The doctrine of becoming follows an ideal line which begins in poetical past, reaches his hight speculative level in heraclitus, and falls into decline with heracliteans' agnosticism, the echos of whose will get to sceptics
Sohn, Yun-Rak. „Hylê au seuil de l’ontologie : une recherche sur l’Etre et la matière chez Aristote“. Paris 4, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA040098.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDealing with the notion of matter in Aristotle, this thesis takes a critical regard to the traditional interpretation that considers the problem of matter as a burden on the Aristotelian ontology. In effect, the charge on this theory is caused not only by matter but by the fact that it has a frame of hylomorphism. The study begins by seizing a strange concept in Metaphysics Z 3, the matter qua subject, and this qua substance, from which issue two puzzling questions : that of prime matter and of substantial predication. The author makes an analysis on passages of the Categories, and enlarges his research in Aristotle’s texts of natural philosophy such as the Physics, On the Heavens, and On generation and corruption, and will return in the Metaphysics for an attempt to answer some important ontological questions