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1
De Donno, Fabrizio. „La Razza Ario-Mediterranea“. Interventions 8, Nr. 3 (November 2006): 394–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13698010600955958.
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2
Blokker, Niels, und Ramses A. Wessel. „IOLR Forum ARIO (2012)“. International Organizations Law Review 9, Nr. 1 (2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15723747-00901010.
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d’Aspremont, Jean. „The Articles on the Responsibility of International Organizations: Magnifying the Fissures in the Law of International Responsibility“. International Organizations Law Review 9, Nr. 1 (2012): 15–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15723747-00901009.
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It is against the backdrop of the conceptual impairment inherited from the Articles on State Responsibility (hereafter ASR) that this note, rather than zeroing in on what could have been better devised at the micro-level of the Articles on the Responsibility of International Organizations (hereafter ARIO), adopts a holistic view on the approaches to the law of international responsibility. In so doing, the ARIO are not approached in isolation but together with the ASR. This paper argues that, envisaged together with the ASR, the ARIO magnify the structural straits of the law of international responsibility. It more particularly argues that the ARIO reveal that the minor and almost invisible defects at the level of the ASR have enlarged on the occasion of their transposition to the responsibility of international organizations, unveiling the conceptual fissures of the whole law of international responsibility (Section 1). It then formulates a few epistemological considerations on how a normative instrument that so openly lays bare the limits of the current law of international responsibility could nonetheless be usefully received by our professional community (Section 2).
4
Ahlborn, Christiane. „The Use of Analogies in Drafting the Articles on the Responsibility of International Organizations An Appraisal of the ‘Copy-Paste Approach’“. International Organizations Law Review 9, Nr. 1 (2012): 53–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15723747-00901001.
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In view of the adoption and future reception of the Articles on the Responsibility of International Organizations (ARIO) on second reading, this contribution seeks to offer some reflections on the ‘copy-paste narrative’ that has characterized the process of drafting the ARIO by the International Law Commission (ILC). On the basis of a brief introduction to the concept of analogies in international law, it is explained that the use of analogies is not to be equated with a mechanical exercise of copy-pasting legal rules; rather, it constitutes a method of legal reasoning based on a principled assessment of relevant similarities and differences. By comparing the ARIO with the ILC’s Articles on State Responsibility (ASR), it will be demonstrated that the ARIO actually do not follow the example of the ASR in many key provisions. Interestingly, much of the critique of the ARIO has been directed against these dissimilar provisions, especially when they concern the relations between an international organization and its member States. Since this critique is mainly driven by considerable uncertainty as to the determination of the responsible actor(s), it will be suggested that the ILC should have used closer analogies with the ASR in order to enhance the overall coherence of the law of international responsibility. This is because, as argued in conclusion, the corporate complexity of international organizations and States may necessitate a unified set of Articles on International Responsibility.
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Ahlborn, Christiane. „The Rules of International Organizations and the Law of International Responsibility“. International Organizations Law Review 8, Nr. 2 (2011): 397–482. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157237411x634970.
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AbstractThis paper discusses the role of the so-called 'rules of the organization' in the draft Articles on the Responsibility of International Organizations (ARIO), as adopted by the International Law Commission (ILC) on second reading in 2011. Although the rules of the organization occupy a central place in the ARIO, the ILC has decided not to take a “clear-cut view” on their legal nature as either international law or internal law of the organization. This paper argues that the ILC's indecision has left the ARIO with a fluctuating scope of application concerning various provisions such as the attribution of conduct, the breach of an international obligation, the obligation to make reparation, and countermeasures against an international organization. The term of art 'rules of the organization' was developed by the ILC in its work on the law of treaties but has rarely been addressed in legal scholarship. Part 1 therefore first examines the legal nature of the different components of the so-called 'rules of the organization': the constituent instruments, the acts, and the established practice of the organization. While the constituent instruments are contracts between States at the moment of the creation of an international organization, it will be contended that they also operate as constitutions during the life of the organization, giving it the autonomy to create internal law in force between the subjects of its legal order, including its member States. In analysing the ARIO on second reading, Part 2 accordingly suggests reconceiving the rules of the organization as 'internal law' of the organization as long as it functions effectively, so as to appropriately reflect its constitutional autonomy for purposes of international responsibility.
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Franco Trujillo, Erik Daniel. „Análisis categorial y semántico de los derivados en -ari- y en -ario: un estudio a partir del español de México“. Anuario de Letras. Lingüística y Filología 5, Nr. 2 (23.04.2018): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.19130/iifl.adel.5.2.2017.1455.
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En este artículo se traza un primer acercamiento a las características morfológicas y semánticas de los derivados en -ari- y -ario a partir de un corpus de unidades léxicas derivadas presentes en el español mexicano. Tras plantear y justificar la existencia de un sufijo -ari- y un sufijo -ario que conviven en la lengua, se describen los procesos mediante los cuales se generan este tipo de vocablos desde una clasificación minuciosa de sus propiedades morfológicas y semánticas. De esta manera, se atiende a la necesidad de realizar estudios puntuales de los diversos sufijos derivativos de la lengua española apelando a aspectos que competen a distintos niveles gramaticales.
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Franco Trujillo, Erik Daniel. „Análisis categorial y semántico de los derivados en -ari- y en -ario: un estudio a partir del español de México“. Anuario de Letras. Lingüística y Filología 5, Nr. 2 (27.04.2018): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.19130/iifl.adel.5.2.2017.1465.
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En este artículo se traza un primer acercamiento a las características morfológicas y semánticas de los derivados en -ari- y -ario a partir de un corpus de unidades léxicas derivadas presentes en el español mexicano. Tras plantear y justificar la existencia de un sufijo -ari- y un sufijo -ario que conviven en la lengua, se describen los procesos mediante los cuales se generan este tipo de vocablos desde una clasificación minuciosa de sus propiedades morfológicas y semánticas. De esta manera, se atiende a la necesidad de realizar estudios puntuales de los diversos sufijos derivativos de la lengua española apelando a aspectos que competen a distintos niveles gramaticales.
8
Dwijayanto, Andy. „SIMBOL TEATRIKAL PADA NASKAH DRAMA MAAF, MAAF, MAAF: POLITIK CINTA DASAMUKA KARANGAN N. RIANTIARNO: SUATU KAJIAN SEMIOTIKA“. Arkhais - Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia 6, Nr. 1 (30.06.2015): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/arkhais.061.01.
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Abstrak. Penelitian dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mendeskripsikan unsur-unsur intrinsik yang terdapat pada naskah drama Maaf, Maaf, Maaf: Politik Cinta Dasamuka karangan N. Riantiarno berupa tema, fakta cerita, dan sarana cerita. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan tehnik analisis struktural Robert Stanton dan simbol teatrikal Radhar Panca Dahana. Penelitian dilakukan di Jakarta pada tahun 2013-2014. Simbol teatrikal dalam naskah dapat digunakan sebagai penunjang proses kreatif sebuah pementasan drama. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: (1) alur cerita pada naskah drama Maaf,Maaf, Maaf: Politik Cinta Dasamuka karangan N. Riantiarno bersifat progresif danberbentuk kronologis. Terdapat satu tokoh utama dengan dua puluh dua tokoh bawahan, dengan latar naskah berada di rumah kediaman keluarga Ario. Tema mayor yang terdapat ialah kekiasaan dengan tema minor yaitu keluarga. (2) Dari hasil ini ditemukan bahwa N. Riantiarno menggunakan simbol teatrikal secara lengkap, yakni ikon spasial, ikon relasional, dan ikon metafora. Hubungan ikon spasial dengan tanda acuannya ialah hubungan yang terjebak di antara ruang realitas dan ruang imajiner, sehingga interaksi dengan tokoh lain harus memunculkan ruang baru. Hal ini ditandai dengan kesadaran ruang tokoh lain selain Ario. Ikon relasional yang terjadi ialah dua jenis hubungan yang terjadi antara Ario dengan tokoh bawahan. Ikon metafora ditandai dengan gaya bahasa metafora yang digunakan untuk mengungkapkan perasaan secara tidak langsung berdasarkan persamaan dan perbandingan antara Ario dan Tokoh lain. (3) Gambaran untuk mempermudah pementasan drama berkaitan dengan ikon spasial akan mempermudah penciptaan setting panggung, tata lampu, kostum, make up, dan dekorasi panggung. Berkaitan dengan ikon relasional akan mempermudah penghayatan antar tokoh, pendalaman karakter, hubungan emosional, dan motivasi gerak, dan berkaitan dengan ikon metafora akan mempermudah pengucapan dan pelafalan sesuai dengan keadaan emosinal tokoh, memberikan panduan gesture,dan memberikan pedoman laku. Kata Kunci: Simbol Teatrikal, Ikon Spasial, Ikon Relasional, Ikon Metafora,Ikon Metafora, Data Ikonis.
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von Bogdandy, Armin, und Mateja Steinbrück Platise. „ARIO and Human Rights Protection: Leaving the Individual in the Cold“. International Organizations Law Review 9, Nr. 1 (2012): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15723747-00901014.
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International organizations may be regarded as international public authorities, since their acts increasingly impinge on individuals, private associations, enterprises, States, or public institutions. However, this development has not been followed by the creation of a corresponding system of international legal responsibility for international organizations. Some are even seen as a risk to fundamental rights. The Articles on Responsibility of International Organizations (ARIO) bring some progress in this regard, but nevertheless leave the victims of human rights violations largely overlooked. The article analyses some of the achievements and gaps of ARIO with respect to human rights protection and explores the possibilities for victims of human rights violations to seek remedies against international organizations.
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Janmyr, Maja. „Attributing Wrongful Conduct of Implementing Partners to unhcr“. Journal of International Humanitarian Legal Studies 5, Nr. 1-2 (10.01.2014): 42–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18781527-00501013.
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Refugee camps are often managed by a wide set of actors other than the Host State. The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (unhcr), tasked under international law to provide “international protection” to refugees and to seek “permanent solutions for the problem of refugees”, often sub-contracts the daily management of camps to non-governmental organizations (ngo). In 2013, unhcr collaborated with 733 ngos worldwide. Together with unhcr, these “implementing partners” often perform public powers normally exercised by the Host State. But when human rights violations occur following the conduct of a unhcr implementing partner, which actor(s) are responsible under international law? This article focuses on unhcr’s international responsibility for the conduct of ngo implementing partners. By exploring unhcr’s standard sub-contracting agreements through the lens of the International Law Commission’s (ilc) Articles on the Responsibility of International Organizations (ario), it answers questions such as: Which human rights requirements does unhcr place on implementing partners? Under what circumstances may unhcr be held responsible under the ario for the acts of its implementing partners? It finds that an application of the ario would make unhcr internationally responsible for the wrongful conduct of implementing partners, even when sub-contracting agreements include clauses absolving unhcr from any liability.
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Lambert, Pierre-Yves. „Préverbes gaulois suffixés en -io- : ambio-, ario-, cantio-“. Etudes Celtiques 31, Nr. 1 (1995): 115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/ecelt.1995.2065.
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Dannenbaum, Tom. „Dual attribution in the context of military operations“. International Organizations Law Review 12, Nr. 2 (27.04.2015): 401–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15723747-01202007.
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This article considers the state of the doctrine on dual attribution in military operations. The rapidly expanding jurisprudence on cooperative military ventures has yet to coalesce around a single normative framework. The role of the ario and ars in that realm has been decidedly mixed, perhaps predictably given the inconsistency between the two codes. The most hopeful developments have come in the Netherlands, with the elaboration of a bifocal, preventive interpretation of Article 7 of the ario. However, whether that framework will resonate elsewhere is uncertain. Thus far, the concept of dual attribution itself has played an odd role. It has been affirmed repeatedly in theory, but the primary value of its theoretical possibility has been in empowering courts to hear cases they might otherwise have avoided, while failing actually to attribute conduct to two or more entities.
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SÁNCHEZ-KEN, J. GABRIEL. „A new species of Paspalum (Paspaleae, Panicoideae, Poaceae) from Ario de Rosales, México, with partially homogenized synflorescences“. Phytotaxa 498, Nr. 1 (23.04.2021): 12–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.498.1.2.
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Paspalum prodigiosum is reported as a new species from Ario de Rosales, Michoacán, México. The new species is very similar to P. paniculatum, however, there are characters of the spikelets, caryopses, and starch grains that are different between the two species.
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Rocha, Jos´e Fernando Moura, und Aurino Ribeiro Filho. „José Walter Bautista Vidal e o modelo energético brasileiro“. e-Boletim da Física 4, Nr. 4 (30.11.2016): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.26512/e-bfis.v4i4.9809.
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Neste trabalho relembramos brevemente a contribui¸c˜ao do f´ısico baiano Jos´e Walter Bautista Vidal, ap´os pouco mais de um ano de sua ausˆencia de nosso conv´ıvio. Nosso prop´osito ´e mostrar, sucintamente, algumas das suas v´arias realiza¸c˜oes institucionais no campo da ciˆencia e tecnologia nacionais, especialmente aquelas relacionadas `a matriz energ´etica brasileira. Ao longo do texto, Bautista Vidal foi apresentado como um militante na defesa da utiliza¸c˜ao de fontes renov´aveis deenergia. Al´em disso, s˜ao enumeradas algumas das suas realiza¸c˜oes como professor da Universidade Federal da Bahia-UFBA, como Secret´ario de Ciˆencia e Tecnologia do Estado da Bahia e como Secret´ario de Tecnologia Industrial do Minist´erio da Ind´ustria e Com´ercio. Finalmente, mostramos que muitas das ideias por ele defendidas, por d´ecadas, continuam atuais.
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Sari, Aurel. „UN Peacekeeping Operations and Article 7 ARIO: The Missing Link“. International Organizations Law Review 9, Nr. 1 (2012): 77–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15723747-00901013.
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Peacekeeping operations conducted by international organizations raise difficult questions of international responsibility. In principle, breaches of international law committed by national contingents serving on such operations may be attributed either to the international organization leading the operation or to the State to which the personnel implicated in the wrongful conduct belongs. The ARIO suggests a seemingly simple solution to this dilemma: wrongful conduct should be attributed to the party exercising effective control over that conduct. The present note argues that this solution is misguided. It deliberately ignores the legal and institutional status of national contingents, does not reflect consistent international practice and may not serve the best interests of potential claimants. In the case of peacekeeping operations incorporated into the institutional structure of an international organization, a more appropriate solution to the dilemma of multiple attribution is to proceed on the basis of a rebuttable presumption that the wrongful acts committed by national contingents are attributable to the international organization and not to their contributing State.
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Pietras, Henryk. „List Konstantyna do Aleksandra i Ariusza a zwołanie Soboru Nicejskiego“. Vox Patrum 49 (15.06.2006): 531–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31743/vp.8233.
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L’articolo presenta il testo e il commento dełla lettera dell’Imperatore Costantino, l’unico documento legato alla controversia ariana, per il qual e possibile stabilire la data: fine settembre 324, dopo il ritorno di Costantino dalia guerra eon Licinio. L’analisi mette il rilievo l’opinione dell’Imperatore sull’importanza della controversia: che era di poco e che Alessandro e Ario dovrebbero far pace immediatamente.
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Nguyen, Athena M. „Sexual Exploitation and Abuse on Peacekeeping Operations“. Journal of International Peacekeeping 19, Nr. 1-2 (23.09.2015): 142–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18754112-01902006.
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Allegations of sexual exploitation and abuse (sea) have been made against many United Nations (un) peacekeeping operations. Whilst it may be argued that the un should be held responsible for these violations, establishing the responsibility of the un under international law is not straight forward. This article will examine the extent to which the responsibility of the un can be established for sea on its peacekeeping operations. This article will begin by considering the status of the un as an international legal person and its legal rights and responsibilities. Then, the sources of law for the responsibility of international organisations will be discussed, including prohibitions against sea and the obligations that these prohibitions may create for the un. In particular, the Articles on the Responsibilities of International Organizations (ario) will be examined and the application of the ario to the case of sea on peacekeeping operations will be explored. It will be concluded that the international law in this area is far from settled and, hence, many challenges remain in being able to establish the un’s responsibility for acts of sea on its peacekeeping operations.
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Stumpf, Andrea E. „Trust-Funded Partnership Programmes of the World Bank under the ario“. International Organizations Law Review 13, Nr. 1 (03.09.2016): 126–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15723747-01301007.
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This article suggests that the variety and complexity of international partnership programmes, especially those that contract major fund flows, can be sustained only if partners are able to allocate roles and responsibilities amongst themselves. The premise of this article is simple. Lest there be any doubt, agreed terms set forth in signed agreements and adopted partnership documents should be considered ‘rules of the organization’ under the ario, and should be recognized in allocating responsibility among international organizations and other partners in international development initiatives. A practical look at trust-funded partnership programmes involving the World Bank underscores the importance of lex specialis under the Articles on the Responsibility of International Organizations, including with respect to claims by third parties. At stake is the viability of such collaborative international development initiatives, which rests on the ability of partners to legitimately set their own terms for acknowledgment by others.
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SAKAI, Yuko. „LOS GENTILICIOS ESPAñOLES DESDE UN PUNTO DE VISTA MORFOFONOLOGICO: -ERO Y -ARIO“. HISPANICA / HISPÁNICA 1987, Nr. 31 (1987): 71–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4994/hispanica1965.1987.71.
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Ahlborn, Christiane. „The Allocation of International Responsibility between International Organizations and Their Member States: A Case of Indirect Responsibility?“ European Journal of International Law 31, Nr. 2 (September 2020): 755–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ejil/chaa032.
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Abstract While the responsibility of international organizations and their member states has been on the agenda of courts and scholars for decades, the adoption of the Articles on the Responsibility of International Organizations (ARIO) by the International Law Commission in 2011 has given new impetus to the debate. Nikolaos Voulgaris’ Allocating International Responsibility between Member States and International Organizations is one of the few general books on the topic that post-dates the adoption of the ARIO. Despite its broad title, however, the focus of the book is rather narrow: it concentrates on the responsibility of an international organization or a state in connection with the act of a/another state or international organization, which Voulgaris describes as ‘indirect responsibility’. Considering the book’s extensive discussion of the function and nature of international responsibility, this review essay first submits that the book’s actual aim is a rethinking of indirect responsibility. Second, it examines Voulgaris’ reconceptualization of the pertinent provisions on indirect responsibility in terms of what he calls the ‘complicity’ and ‘derivative responsibility’ models. This review essay concludes that the reader who expects detailed guidance on the allocation of responsibility between international organizations and their member states will be left wanting. Instead, the interaction between international organizations and their member states serves as an illustration for the book’s insightful analysis of the under-theorized provisions on international responsibility in connection with the act of another.
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Afiva Rizky Pratiwi. „PERSONALITY STRUCTURE IN THE NOVEL CLEANING CONSCIENCE BY ARIO MUHAMMAD (STUDY OF LITERATURE PSYCHOLOGY)“. Jurnal Disastri (Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia) 3, Nr. 2 (17.08.2021): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.33752/disastri.v3i2.1775.
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The research of the novel Membersihkan Nurani by Ario Muhammad can be used as a reference in understanding a person’s personality and behavior. With the personality structure that occurs in the main character, it is presented in a very interesting discussion topic to study. This study aims to better understanding the personality structure experienced by the main character. The approach in this study uses the study of literary psychology. The data collection technique is done by means of semiotic analysis. This study uses analytical techniques by reading the next repeatedly by giving a sign it can be easily understood. The personality structure described in this discussion uses the psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud’s analysis. The result showed that the main character in the novel was dominated by using the super ego personality. It can be stated that my character has the strongest dominance related ti personility and emotions.
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Vollrath, Lutz. „Advances in Pineal Research. Volume 7.Georges J. M. Maestroni, Ario Conti , Russel J. Reiter“. Quarterly Review of Biology 70, Nr. 2 (Juni 1995): 246. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/419038.
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Farshadfar, Kaveh, Payam Abdolalian und Alireza Ariafard. „Catalytic Role of Lewis Acids in ArIO-Mediated Oxidative Fluorination Reactions Revealed by DFT Calculations“. European Journal of Organic Chemistry 2020, Nr. 15 (09.04.2020): 2251–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.202000217.
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Salles, Ricardo. „¿Qué tan elementales son los cuatro elementos? Una lectura de Ario Dídimo fr. 21 Diels“. Journal of Ancient Philosophy 9, Nr. 2 (26.10.2015): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.1981-9471.v9i2p1-33.
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Deen-Racsmány, Zsuzsanna. „The Relevance of Disciplinary Authority and Criminal Jurisdiction to Locating Effective Control under the ario“. International Organizations Law Review 13, Nr. 2 (13.04.2016): 341–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15723747-01302006.
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The commentary to Article 7 of the Articles on the Responsibility of International Organizations (on lent organs) clearly singles out disciplinary authority and criminal jurisdiction as factors relevant to locating effective control and, in turn, attribution. The present study scrutinizes the function and significance of these factors in that context. As the International Law Commission’s Commentary apparently fails to justify their special importance, alternative explanations provided in legal literature are considered together with the idea that reference to these factors originates from Special Rapporteur Gaja’s preoccupation with military personnel. The author concludes that while military discipline and military criminal jurisdiction play a unique role in relation to military personnel, a broader approach focusing on all relevant manifestations of the persisting organic link may provide a more appropriate framework for the attribution of the conduct of lent State organs (military and civilian alike) under the effective control test.
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Urdaneta Rivas, Gustavo. „Las concepciones antropológicas en el sistema interregional antiguo. Apuntes para una historia mundial más allá del eurocentrismo“. Amauta 16, Nr. 32 (14.08.2018): 99–145. http://dx.doi.org/10.15648/am.32.2018.6.
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Intentamos bosquejar las concepciones antropológicas en el sistema interregional antiguo situándonos en un horizonte histórico mundial. Se nos impone el obstáculo del eurocentrismo subyacente en el modelo ario que establece periodizaciones del pasado como el esquema de las “Edades antigua-medieval-moderna-contemporánea”. En razón de ello, aplicaremos el modelo histórico mundial construido por Dussel, que establece varios estadios de desarrollo histórico desde el nacimiento de las primeras civilizaciones regionales hasta el nacimiento del primer sistema realmente mundial a finales del siglo XV, con la pretensión de superar la periodización eurocéntrica a partir de la noción «sistema interregional antiguo». Se reflexiona en torno a las ideas que de sí y del mundo se forjaron las grandes culturas durante este largo período histórico de la humanidad.
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Nedeski, Nataša, und André Nollkaemper. „Responsibility of International Organizations ‘in connection with acts of States’“. International Organizations Law Review 9, Nr. 1 (2012): 33–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15723747-00901012.
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This article offers some reflections on the way in which the ILC Articles on the Responsibility of International Organizations (ARIO) have addressed the responsibility of international organizations for conduct of member States implementing their normative acts. The ILC has chosen to deal with this issue through the concept of responsibility ‘in connection with’ acts of States, which it had already included in its Articles on State Responsibility (ASR), and more in particular through article 17 on ‘circumvention’. Focusing primarily on this provision, we argue that the attempt to address this particular type of responsibility forced the ILC to relax the conceptual straightjackets it had opted for in the ASR, thereby exposing certain ambiguities in the foundations of the law of international responsibility.
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Nazhira, Fidyatul. „THE EFFECTIVITY OF ADDITION CHEST MOBILIZATION OR PURSED LIP BREATHING IN CONVENTIONAL THERAPY IN COPD PATIENTS“. Sport and Fitness Journal 9, Nr. 2 (28.05.2021): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/spj.2021.v09.i02.p05.
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Background:COPD is an accumulation of pulmonary pathologies that causes limited air flow, then breathlessness. Chest mobilization and pursed lip breathing (PLB) are physiotherapy management aimed at reducing pulmonary hyperinflation, thereby increasing FEV1 and improve breathlessness. The purpose of this study was to determine differences in the effectiveness of the addition of chest mobilization or PLB in conventional therapy to an increase in FEV1 and improve breathlessness in COPD patients at Lung Hospital dr. Ario Wirawan Salatiga. Research methods:This study is a true experiment with a pretest and posttest control group design research design. The research subjects numbered 30 people then divided into 3 groups. All groups were given treatment 3 times a week for 6 weeks. Group I received additional chest mobilization intervention, group II received additional PLB intervention and group 3 received hospital intervention (conventional). FEV1 was measured using spirometry and tightness was measured using a modified Borg scale. Results:Based on the results of the Wilcoxon sign rank test there was an increase in FEV1 and improve breathlessness with p>0.05 in group 1. In group 2 there was also an increase in FEV1 and improve breathlessness with p> 0.05. In group 3 there was an increase in FEV1 but there was no improve breathlessness. Different test results after the intervention on increasing FEV1 between groups based on the Kruskal-Wallis t-test obtained p> ??0.05. Different test for reduction of tightness after intervention between groups 1 and 2 using the Mann Whitney U test p value > 0.05. So there is no difference in the effect of adding chest mobilization interventions or PLB and conventional therapy. Conclusion:The addition of chest mobilization or PLB to conventional therapy is as good as conventional in increasing FEV 1 and improve breathlessness in COPD patients at Lung Hospital Dr. Ario Wirawan Salatiga.
Keyword: COPD; Breathlessness; FEV 1; Chest Mobilization; Pursed Lip Breathing
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Desi, Desi, Yulius Yusak Ranimpi und M. Aziz Anwar. „Nurses’ Competencies in Providing Palliative Care for HIV/AIDS Patients in dr. Ario Wirawan Pulmonary Hospital, Salatiga“. ANIMA Indonesian Psychological Journal 32, Nr. 4 (25.10.2017): 217–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.24123/aipj.v32i4.852.
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The aim of this research was to identify nurses’ competencies (cognitive, psychomotor and af-fective) in providing palliative care for HIV/AIDS patients. Using narrative qualitative approach, data were collected through both structured and non-structured interviews and also direct observations on research participants. Participants in this study were nurses (N = 5) of dr. Ario Wirawan Pulmonary Hospital. Data were coded in accordance to aspects and interview indicators. Result showed that participants did not have information about what and how palliative care should be carried out, and also about SK Menkes No. 812/MENKES/SK/VII/2007 that is targeted at all health professionals. This influenced participants to implement both psychomotor and affective competencies related to palliative care. Factors influencing participants’ lack of knowledge and competencies were personal factor, rooms’ routine, time and limited human resources. HIV/AIDS patients received general care with emphasis on collaborative medical treatments.
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Saprida, Saprida, und Zuul Fitriani Umari. „SOSIALISASI PENGENALAN WAKAF TERHADAP IBU-IBU PENGAJIAN MASJID AL-ISLAMI JALAN AKBP H. UMAR ARIO KEMUNING KOTA PALEMBANG“. AKM: Aksi Kepada Masyarakat 2, Nr. 1 (06.07.2021): 55–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.36908/akm.v2i1.278.
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This community service activity discusses the introduction of waqf from the meaning of waqf, the terms and conditions of waqf, the legal basis for waqf, various kinds of waqf, waqf objects, waqf for moving objects in the perspective of Islamic law and waqf for moving objects in the form of currency. Waqf is the use of assets to benefit from by maintaining the essence of the object and deciding the wakif's right to utilize the assets. Wakif may not do anything with the assets being donated. The purpose of this community service activity is to provide an introduction to waqf for women reciting the Al-Islami Ario Kemuning mosque in Palembang with the hope that the socialization participants can understand the benefits of giving waqf fairly and correctly. Socialization participants can also know that waqf can prosper the community and get a reward for the wakif.
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Zwanenburg, Marten. „What’s in a Word? ‘Partnerships’ between nato and Other International Institutions and Some Issues of Shared Responsibility“. International Organizations Law Review 13, Nr. 1 (03.09.2016): 100–125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15723747-01301006.
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This article discusses partnerships between nato and other international institutions, with a particular focus on questions of international responsibility raised by such partnerships. It concludes that ‘partnership’ is a notion that is used by nato in a rather general sense, rather than as referring to a clearly delineated category with specific legal connotations. In practice, nato has partnerships with States, international organizations, ngos and private actors. Such partnerships are relatively little formalized, including where questions of responsibility are concerned. As a consequence of the lack of specific arrangements between nato and partners, and the lack of practice—or in any event practice that has been made public—the ars and ario have a potentially important role to play. Upon closer scrutiny, however, the application of these principles raises many questions. One reason for this is that they are relatively underdeveloped in respect of situations where multiple actors are involved.
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Boeri, Marcelo D. „C. Natali (ed.), Ario Didimo. Diogene Laerzio. Etica Stoica, Roma-Bari 1999 (E-ditori Laterza, xix + 107 págs.)“. Méthexis 13, Nr. 1 (30.03.2000): 169–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24680974-90000367.
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Apriyanti dan Reiza D. Dienaputra, Eka. „PEMERINTAHAN MARGA DI LUBUKLINGGAU TAHUN 1855-1983“. Patanjala : Jurnal Penelitian Sejarah dan Budaya 7, Nr. 2 (02.06.2015): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.30959/patanjala.v7i2.95.
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AbstrakSistem Pemerintahan Marga di Lubuklinggau berlangsung sejak tahun 1855 pada masa Pemerintahan Hindia Belanda. Tahun 1983 sistem Pemerintahan Marga di Lubuklinggau berakhir berdasarkan Surat Keputusan Gubernur Daerah Tingkat I Sumatera Selatan Nomor: 142 tahun 1983. Pemerintahan Marga pertama kali dikenal dalam wilayah Kesultanan Palembang Tahun 1662-1706. Marga dibentuk pada umumnya di daerah pedalaman, yang berada di hulu sungai. Tujuannya untuk memudahkan pengaturan wilayah kesultanan yang luas. Setiap Marga dipimpin oleh seorang kepala Marga yang disebut Depati/Pesirah. Sistem Pemerintahan Marga berlangsung hingga Masa Kemerdekaan. Sumber informasi mengenai pemerintahan Marga antara lain Piagam dari Sultan Palembang untuk Kiai Ario dari IPIL (Sekayu), stempel cap Marga Suku Tengah Kepungut Moesi Oloe di Lubuk Besar tahun 1856, dan Piagam Moeara Katie Marga Suku Tengah Tiang Poeng-poeng Afdeeling Moesi Oloe tahun 1866. Untuk menjelaskan sistem Pemerintahan Marga yang berlangsung cukup lama di Lubuklinggau kajian ini menggunakan metode sejarah. Interpretasi diperkuat dengan menggunakan konsep dan teori dari ilmu sosiologi, antropologi, dan ilmu politik. Kajian meliputi tiga hal, yaitu lahirnya pemerintahan Marga, hukum dalam pemerintahan Marga, dan pemerintahan Marga di Lubuklinggau. AbstractThe Clan Government administration systemof Lubuklingau had been role since 1855 in the Government of the Netherlands East Indies. It ended in 1983 by the Decree of the Governor of South Sumatra Level Region Number: 142 year 1983. The Clan Government Administration was known firstly in the Sultanate of Palembang Year 1662-1706. Margaor clan was formed generally in rural areas, which was closed to the river. The aim was to facilitate the controlling of the sultanate vast territory. Each of the clan was led by a head of Margawhich was called Depati / Pesirah. This system lasted until the Independence Period. The information sources about the government of clans can be seen from the Charter of the Sultan of Palembang to Kiai Ario of IPIL (Sekayu), stamp of the clans of Middle Kepungut Moesi Oloe in Lubuk Besar in 1856, and the Charter of Moeara Katie Middle Pillar Poeng-Poeng Afdeeling Moesi Oloe clan in 1866 . To explain the government system of Lubuklingau clan in this research,the researcher used the historical method. The Interpretation is reinforced by the use of concepts and theories of sociology, anthropology, and political science. The Studies cover three things; the birth of clan governance, rule of law within the clan, and the clan rule in Lubuklinggau.
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Daryati, Siti, Rini Indrati und Novriyati Wahyu Illahi. „DESCRIPTION OF SERAP DOSAGE IN EXAMINATION OF CHILDREN THORAX RADIOGRAPH IN PULMONARY HOSPITAL RADIOLOGY INSTALLATION, Dr. ARIO WIRAWAN SALATIGA“. Jurnal Imejing Diagnostik (JImeD) 5, Nr. 1 (01.01.2019): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.31983/jimed.v5i1.4004.
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Purnomo, Mulyo Hadi. „Persepsi Seks Dua Wanita Beda Budaya: Perbandingan dalam “Pengakuan Pariyem” dan “Malam Yang Keramat”“. Endogami: Jurnal Ilmiah Kajian Antropologi 2, Nr. 1 (01.12.2018): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/endogami.2.1.102-110.
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Sexual encouragement is a natural gift brought by humans from birth and becomes universal in its expression. Cultural and psychological backgrounds that can make manifestations of encouragement are different. Sex and one's self-perception determine a person's status as female-female. This article is about to reveal differently: Javanese and Arabic in two novels of Pariyem Recognition and Sacred Night through a comparative literary approach. Pariyem, the main character in Pengakuan Pariyem, was originally born as a woman. However, his bitter and sweet experience with Kliwon caused him to be trapped in female status. New womanhood reappeared when she was feeling happy to conceive a baby from her relationship with Den Bagus Ario Atmojo. His dream of becoming a woman is felt to be realized through his son who carries the blood of priyayi descendants. In Zahra, the main character in Malam yang Keramat, the lie of being a man whose father forced him for twenty years, caused psychological imbalance. Therefore, he volunteered to be present as a female who always obeyed sexual satisfaction. Precisely with that pleasure, he found his true sex.
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Wardhani, Kusumaning, Ening Listyanti, Niken Dyahariesti und Richa Yuswantina. „ANALISIS EFEKTIVITAS BIAYA (COST EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS) PENGOBATAN INFEKSI SALURAN KEMIH MENGGUNAKAN ANTIBIOTIK SEFTRIAKSON DAN SEFOTAKSIM DI RS PARU ARIO WIRAWAN SALATIGA“. Journal of Holistics and Health Science 1, Nr. 1 (03.09.2019): 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.35473/jhhs.v1i1.8.
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Infeksi Saluran Kemih (ISK) adalah keadaan dimana kuman bertumbuh dan berkembangbiak di dalam traktus urinarius dengan jumlah yang bermakna. ISK diobati dengan antibiotik yang menjadi salah satu kategori biaya yang signifikan dalam anggaran farmasi di rumah sakit. Antibiotik golongan Sefalosporin digunakan sebagai drug of choise dan dicari lebih cost-effective. Untuk menentukan terapi yang lebih cost-effective antara penggunaan Setriakson dan Sefotaksim pada pasien ISK di rawat inap di RS Paru Ario Wirawan Salatiga. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif dengan pengambilan data secara retrospektif.Dianalisis dengan metode CEA dengan parameter Average Cost Effectiveness Ratio (ACER) dan Incremental Cost Effectiviness Ratio (ICER) dilihat dari outcome lama rawat inap. Sampel pada penelitian ini sebanyak 39 pasien diantaranya 22 pasien menggunakan Seftriakson dan 17 pasien menggunakan Sefotaksim. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, nilai ACER kelas I Sefotaksim sebesar Rp. 454.353. Nilai ACER kelas II Sefotaksim sebesar Rp. 212.283 dan nilai ICER sebesar -Rp. 134.987/hari. Nilai ACER kelas III Seftriakson sebesar Rp. 268.366. Biaya antibiotik yang paling cost-effective pada kelas I adalah Sefotaksim, paling cost-effective pada kelas II adalah Sefotaksim, paling cost-effective pada kelas III adalah Seftriakson.
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Maldonado Janica, Julio, und Javier DelCastillo Lezaca. „Trombosis venosa en ancianos durante reposo prolongado: Incidencia y prevalencia en los miembros Inferiores“. Revista Repertorio de Medicina y Cirugía 14, Nr. 1 (01.03.2005): 20–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.31260/repertmedcir.v14.n1.2005.372.
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La trombosis venosa profunda (TVP) ocurre en dos pacientes por cada 1.000 al ario en los países occidentales, con una mortalidad aproximada de 1.5 % relacionada en forma directa con embolismo pulmonar. Tanto la edad como el reposo prolongado son factores de riesgo reconocidos para TVP. Sin embargo, en nuestras instituciones de cuidado crónico de ancianos, no se utiliza anticoagulación profiláctica. El presente estudio es de tipo descriptivo y tiene como objetivo determinar la prevalencia de TVP en miembros inferiores (MI) al ingreso, y la incidencia de TVP en MI en los primeros 90 días de hospitalización en pacientes ancianos en reposo prolongado. Ingresaron al estudio 36 enfermos ancianos a quienes se les realizó historia clínica completa, valorándose con ultrasonido/doppler venoso al momento del ingreso, y después a los 30, 60, y 90 días. Se encontró 0% prevalencia y de incidencia durante el tiempo de la investigación. Nuestro estudio sugiere que en el paciente anciano sin factores de riesgo para desarrollar TVP diferentes al reposo prolongado, no parece haber beneficio de la anticoagulación profiláctica. Se requieren estudios prospectivos con muestra de mayor tamaño para sustentar esta afirmación.
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MD, Tia Amanda Pratiwi, und Hudaidah Hudaidah. „Pemikiran Kartini Mengenai Pendidikan Perempuan“. EDUKATIF : JURNAL ILMU PENDIDIKAN 3, Nr. 2 (15.04.2021): 562–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.31004/edukatif.v3i2.386.
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Pendidikan perempuan adalah suatu sistem penyampaian ilmu yang diberikan kepada para perempuan, dimana pendidikan untuk perempuan maupun laki-laki sudah seharusnya setara . Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pemikiran serta perjuangan RA.Kartini dalam bidang pendidikan terutama pendidikan perempuan. Metode penelitian ini yaitu menggunakan metode kualitatif dan jenis kajian yang digunakan adalah kajian pustaka. Dimana penelitian ini dilakukan lewat berbagai macam sumber informasi kepustakaan seperti buku, jurnal ilmiah, ensiklopedia, majalah, koran, dokumen dan lainnya. Raden Ajeng Kartini merupakan tokoh atau pejuang perempuan yang memiliki peran penting dalam pendidikan terutama pendidikan terutama pendidikan perempuan di Indonesia. Ia lahir di Jepara, Jawa Tengah pada 21 April 1879 atau 28 Rabi’ul Akhir tahun Jawa 1808. Ia merupakan anak dari sepasang suami istri bernama Raden Mas Adipati Ario Sosroningrat dan M.A. Ngasirah. Pada masa itu, pendidikan bagi perempuan merupakan perihal yang sulit untuk didapatkan karena banyaknya peraturan dan larangan yang ada pada masa itu, sehingga membuat kartini memiliki pemikiran yang membuat ia memperjuangkan pendidikan bagi kaum wanita di Indonesia. Kartini juga mampu memperjuangan hak perempuan dalam mendapatkan pendidikan yang sama dengan pendidikan yang ditempuh oleh perempuan pada masa itu.
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Hidalgo C., Prudencio, César Dávila P., Eladio Tuya C., Zenobio Ospina O. und Judith Norabuena V. „Propagación del Huanarpo (Jatropha Macrantha) con fines de conservación y repoblación en la Región Ancash“. APORTE SANTIAGUINO 7, Nr. 1 (19.07.2014): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.32911/as.2014.v7.n1.487.
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Determina los métodos de propagación del huanarpo y describir las características ecológicas y edafológicas del área de distribución natural. Los ensayos de propagación se efectuaron en el invernadero del Centro Experimental Ecológico Tuyu Ruri, con material de propagación (semillas y estacas) procedentes del Centro Poblado de Pumacucho de la Comunidad Campesina Pachacútec, Mato - Huaylas, en base a un muestreo intencional en función de la densidad de la especie en estudio.<br />Mediante la propagación vegetativa a través de estacas frescas en platabandas con sustrato esterilizado se encontró una capacidad de enraizamiento del 68%; y con estacas cicatrizadas por diez días bajo sombra se obtuvo una capacidad de enraizamiento del 86%. Ninguna de las semillas sembradas directamente en bolsas llenadas con sustrato preparado con y sin tratamiento pre germinativo dio resultado positivo. El área de distribución natural pertenece a la zona de vida estepa espinosa - Montano Bajo Tropical (ee-MBT), precipitación promedio anual de 490 mm. y temperaturas entre 25°C y 16°C, clima semiárido - templado durante todo el ario y los suelos son de reacción ligeramente alcalina relativamente pobres y superficiales con escaso contenido de materia orgánica, alto contenido de grava y escasa retención de la humedad
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Zhang, Zhengtao, Ning Li, Wei Xie, Yu Liu, Jieling Feng, Xi Chen und Li Liu. „Assessment of the ripple effects and spatial heterogeneity of total losses in the capital of China after a great catastrophic shock“. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 17, Nr. 3 (09.03.2017): 367–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-17-367-2017.
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Abstract. The total losses caused by natural disasters have spatial heterogeneity due to the different economic development levels inside the disaster-hit areas. This paper uses scenarios of direct economic loss to introduce the sectors' losses caused by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake (2008 WCE) in Beijing, utilizing the Adaptive Regional Input–Output (ARIO) model and the Inter-regional ripple effect (IRRE) model. The purpose is to assess the ripple effects of indirect economic loss and spatial heterogeneity of both direct and indirect economic loss at the scale of the smallest administrative divisions of China (streets, villages, and towns). The results indicate that the district of Beijing with the most severe indirect economic loss is the Chaoyang District; the finance and insurance industry (15, see Table 1) of Chaowai Street suffers the most in the Chaoyang District, which is 1.46 times that of its direct economic loss. During 2008–2014, the average annual GDP (gross domestic product) growth rate of Beijing was decreased 3.63 % by the catastrophe. Compared with the 8 % of GDP growth rate target, the decreasing GDP growth rate is a significant and noticeable economic impact, and it can be efficiently mitigated by increasing rescue effort and by supporting the industries which are located in the seriously damaged regions.
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Brölmann, Catherine. „Member States and International Legal Responsibility“. International Organizations Law Review 12, Nr. 2 (27.04.2015): 358–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15723747-01202005.
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The ‘institutional veil’ of international organizations is the linchpin for legal analysis and appraisal of the role and interrelation of international organizations, member States and organs. Through this lens the article examines in semi-broad strokes the position of international organizations’ member States in the legal framework of international responsibility, with reference to pertinent provisions in the ilc ario. This leads to the finding that in (the discourse on) the establishment of responsibility there are four possible legal contexts, which have the institutional veil of the organization work out in different ways: subsidiary responsibility of member States (the proverbial ‘piercing of the corporate veil’); the attribution of conduct to member States; the ‘attribution of responsibility’ to member States; and the bypassing of the institutional veil to establish independent responsibility of member States, which is then connected by a material link to the wrongful act of the organization or to the injurious circumstances originally at issue. While in the context of subsidiary responsibility the institutional veil can be seen as consistently impermeable since the 1980s Tin Council cases, in the context of attribution of conduct the institutional veil of organizations appears to be increasingly contested, engaged with and challenged for transparency.
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López Upton, Javier, Valentín Velazco Fiscal, Jesús Jasso Mata, Carlos Ramírez Herrera und J. Jesús Vargas Hernández. „Hibridación natural entre Pinus oocarpa y P. pringeli“. Acta Botanica Mexicana, Nr. 57 (01.10.2001): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21829/abm57.2001.884.
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Se determinó la existencia de hibridación natural entre P. oocarpa Schiede ex Schlechtendal y P. pringlei Shaw analizando una muestra de 30 árboles que habitan naturalmente en simpatría y que incluyó individuos catalogados como híbridos putativos. El área de hibridación se localiza en el municipio de Ario de Rosales, Michoacán. Se utilizó un análisis discriminante de variables canónicas con 19 características morfológicas y anatómicas de acículas, conos y semillas. Los árboles inicialmente catalogados como híbridos putativos resultaron con valores intermedios en la mayoría de las características estudiadas. De éstas las que mayormente contribuyeron en las funciones de discriminación canónica y en la separación de las especies progenitoras de los árboles híbridos en estudio, resultaron ser el número de acículas por fascículo, el de hileras de estomas en la cara dorsal, el de canales resiníferos internos y septales, así como la longitud del pedúnculo y el diámetro del cono. Un segundo análisis discriminante fue realizado con muestras de diez árboles de P. oocarpa y siete de P. pringlei de rodales puros habitando alopátricamente y los de los 30 árboles del rodal en simpatría. El análisis gráfico indicó que los árboles de cada especie se aglomeraron opuestamente unos de otros, aunque los individuos de los rodales puros lo hicieron ligeramente hacia los extremos, lo que puede indicar un posible proceso de infiltración genética en el área de hibridación en estudio.
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Sari, Prima Karita, Suradi Suradi und Jatu Aphridasari. „Effect of Inhaled Magnesium Sulphate on Bronchodilating Response, Levels of Substance P and Clinical Improvement of Acute Exacerbations COPD Patients“. Jurnal Respirologi Indonesia 38, Nr. 1 (31.01.2018): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.36497/jri.v38i1.135.
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Background: Inhaled magnesium sulphate has a bronchodilator and antiinflammatory effect by block the calcium channels and inhibiting substance P. This study aimed to analyze the effect of magnesium sulfate inhalation on bronchodilator response, substance P levels, and clinical improvement on AECOPD patients.
Methods: A quasi-experimental clinical trial, pre-test and post-test design with 34 acute exacerbation of COPD patients who are hospitalized in emergency room on Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta and Ario Wirawan Hospital, Salatiga on March-April 2017 used consecutive sampling. The independent variable is inhaled magnesium sulphate dose of 150 mg 3 times every 20 minutes when the patients was admitted in emergency room, while the dependent variables are peak expiratory flow rate, the plasma levels of substance P and CAT score acute exacerbation of COPD patients.
Results: There was a significant difference (P=0.009) decrease of PEFR value of treatment group (111.76±12.37) compared to control group (141.18±24.21). There was a significant difference (P=0.0001) decrease in CAT score of treatment group (-14.88±1.75) compared to control group (-9.00±1.17). There was a significant difference (P=0.0001) treatment group (-1305.92±417.91) than control group (-355.95±206.25).
Conclucions: The addition of MgSO4 inhalation of 150 mg during exacerbation increased PEFR, decreased the level of P substance, and decreased the CAT score with statistically significant results. (J Respir Indo 2018; 38(1): 16-23)
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ARIO, ANTON, AGUS PRIYONO KARTONO, LILIK BUDI PRASETYO und JATNA SUPRIATNA. „Post-release adaptation of Javan gibbon (Hylobates moloch) in Mount Malabar Protected Forest, West Java, Indonesia“. Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity 19, Nr. 4 (01.07.2018): 1482–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d190439.
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Ario A, Kartono AP, Prasetyo LB, Supriatna J. 2018. Post-release adaptation of Javan gibbon (Hylobates moloch) in MountMalabar Protected Forest, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 1482-1491. Post-release adaptation study of Javan gibbon(Hylobates moloch) was conducted in twelve months from April 2016 to March 2017 in the Mount Malabar Protected Forest, West Java.We studied eleven Javan gibbons released between March 2014 to August 2016. The purpose of this study was to assess the adaptiveability of the released Javan gibbons. Data collection was conducted by focal animal sampling method with 5-minute interval recordingtime and ad libitum method. The average time allocation of Javan gibbon activities was the following: feeding 23.02±1,62%; moving26.95±3.07%; resting 40.88±3.81%; socializing 7.56±3.55%; sexual 0.26±0.24%; and vocalizing 0.95±0.21%. We compared activityallocation data from this study and those from wild Javan gibbons and found similarities as follows: 47.60% at a family of Jowo-Bombom-Yani-Yudi, 62.45% at a pair of Moly-Nancy, 51.70% at a pair of Robin-Moni and 52.58% at a family of Mel-Pooh-Asri. Postreleaseadaptation of Javan gibbon is influenced by internal and external factors. Internal factor includes the ability of each individual todevelop wild behavior according to its gender and age group, in terms of natural fruit consumption, brachiation movement, morningcalls and alarm calls, as well as affiliative bonds among individuals. External factors include the ability of Javan gibbon to adapt to theenvironment, namely weather conditions and human presence.
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Viejobueno, Sandra, Charlotte Adams und Randall Arauz. „Oportunidades para el desarrollo sostenible de las comunidades costeras de Nandayure (Nicoya sur, Guanacaste)“. Revista de Ciencias Ambientales 41, Nr. 1 (01.06.2011): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.15359/rca.41-1.5.
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<p>En 1998 da inicio el proyecto Playas de Anidación Nicoya Sur, o Plans. Este proyecto coordina acciones con las organizaciones de base, público en general y entidades gubernamentales, para promover la protección, conservación, investigación y manejo de los recursos marino-costeros del cantón Nandayure (Guanacaste). Hasta ahora, en el marco del proyecto Plans se ha logrado consolidar la protección efectiva de cinco playas de anidación de tortugas marinas (Caletas, Costa de Oro, San Miguel, Bejuco y Corozalito), en proyectos conjuntos con las comunidades costeras y el Área Conservación Tempisque (ACT) del Sistema Nacional de Áreas de Conservación (Sinac). Además, en procesos participativos con estos mismos actores se ha logrado la creación de dos Áreas Marinas Protegidas (AMP): una para el Refugio Nacional de Vida Silvestre (RNVS) Caletas-Ario en el 2006 y otra para el RNVS Camaronal en el 2009. En ambos casos se trata de áreas de uso múltiple, donde se prohíben las actividades de pesca destructivas. Actualmente se trabaja en la creación de una nueva AMP que conecte las dos AMP existentes, un área conocida como el “triángulo”, cuyo fin sería fomentar una pesquería sostenible de pargo manchado con enfoque ecosistémico. El proyecto Plans provee beneficios y oportunidades de desarrollo económico a los miembros de las asociaciones de desarrollo comunal y a los pescadores artesanales, y brinda protección efectiva a diversas especies marinas en peligro de extinción y a los diversos hábitats esenciales de los cuales dependen.<strong></strong></p>
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Parra-Luna, Francisco. „Une véritable démocratie existe-t-elle lorsque les électeurs ne connaissent pas le 'dossier' ? Une analyse du brexit sur le plan systémique-humaniste“. Acta Europeana Systemica 6 (12.07.2020): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.14428/aes.v6i1.56833.
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On peut différencier les êtres humains en fonction de leur dimension sociale. Les travaux des psychologues Spitteler, Piaget, Jung et d’autres, ainsi que les positions fondamentales d’Adler (l’introversion) et de Freud (l’extraversion) l’ont clairement démontré au cours du siècle dernier: il existe différents types de comportement social de l’être humain depuis son enfance en fonction de son sentiment de solidarité à l’égard des autres ou de son niveau d’acceptation de leurs problèmes. Cette variété des comportements est assez récurrente. Il y a ceux qui se limitent à penser et qui ne se préoccupent que d’eux-mêmes comme l’anachorète qui abandonne le monde pour "sauver" son âme; il en est d’autres qui s’intéressent aux membres de leur famille; il en est qui se sentent engagés à des niveaux plus larges comme l’Etat-nation auquel ils appartiennent; enfin il y en a également qui étendent leurs préoccupations et leur engagement de solidarité à l’humanité toute entière. Si tant est qu’elle est réelle cette préoccupation doit se caractériser par: une "identification personnelle" avec les autres; une "relation formelle" tenant lieu d’obligation; et un "engagement réel" servant de témoignage. Ce sont là trois éléments d’une dimension sociale qui est, pour l’instant, exempte de tout contenu moralisant, à savoir si elle est "bonne" ou "mauvaise", puisqu’il est possible de ressentir une profonde préoccupation fondée sur l’amour comme le Christ pour l’humanité ou également sur la haine comme l’élimination des juifs par Hitler pour renforcer la race ario-germanique. On peut donc, d’un point de vue moralement neutre, établir un classement à partir de l’échelle suivante: l’individu (A); la famille (B); les différents groupes (C); la municipalité (D); la province ou le département (E); l’état-nation (F); l’état-supranational (G) et le monde entier (H).
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Sari, Aslani Threestiana, Suradi Suradi und Jatu Aphridasari. „Effects of Ginseng Extract to The Plasma Level of Interleukin-8, COPD Assessment Test Scores, and Length of Hospitalization Acute Exacerbation of COPD Patients“. Jurnal Respirologi Indonesia 38, Nr. 4 (28.03.2019): 192–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.36497/jri.v38i4.20.
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Background: COPD exacerbations is an acute condition with worsening symptoms and require more intensive treatment changes. Increased inflammatory exacerbations marked increase in plasma levels of IL-8, exacerbation of clinical symptoms and risk of hospitalization. Ginseng extracts have anti inflammatory so it can be used as an additional drug in COPD exacerbations.
Method: This study aimed to analyze the effect of ginseng extract on plasma levels of IL-8, CAT scores, and length of hospitalization of patients with COPD exacerbations. Clinical trials of experimental with pre test and post test design was conducted on 34 patients with COPD exacerbation in Dr. Moewardi Hospital Surakarta and Dr. Ario Wirawan Lung Hospital Salatiga from August until September 2016. Samples were taken by consecutive sampling were divided into two groups. The treatment group (n = 17) received standard therapy and ginseng extracts 2x100mg/day and the control group received only standard therapy (n = 17). Clinical improvement measured in CAT score and length of stay. Plasma levels of IL-8, CAT scores, and longer hospitalization time measured at entry and discharge criteria are met. Length of stay based on the number of days of care in hospitals.
Results: There were significant difference (p=0.000) towards decreased of of IL-8 plasma level between treatment group (-12.38 ± 10,35pg/ml) and control group (0.65 ± 7,92pg/ml), towards decrease of CAT score (p=0.000) between treatment group (-16.53 ± 1.28) and control group (-12.59 ± 2.87), and length of stay (p = 0.004) between treatment group (4.29 ± 1.45) and control group (5.76 ± 1.20).
Conclusions: The addition of ginseng extract 2x100 mg/day during hospitalization was significantly lowered plasma levels of IL-8, CAT scores, and shortening the length of stay. (J Respir Indo. 2018; 38: 192-8)
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Nandi, Tapan, M. B. Kurup, K. G. Prasad, P. Meenakshi Raja Rao, S. Padmanabhan, G. Krishnamurty und A. P. Mishra. „Lifetimes and excitation-functions of levels in ArII-ArIV“. Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer 49, Nr. 4 (April 1993): 389–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-4073(93)90103-o.
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Baroroh, Khilyatul, Suradi Suradi und Ade Rima. „Effects of Mangosteen pericarp Extract to Clinical Improvements, The Plasma Level of IL-6 and Malondialdehyde in Acute Exacerbation of COPD Patients“. Jurnal Respirologi Indonesia 38, Nr. 3 (17.09.2018): 164–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.36497/jri.v38i3.6.
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Background: Amplification of inflammation in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) increases inflammatory
mediators and oxidative stress in the airways, pulmonary and systemic circulation that are characterized by increased plasma level of IL-6
and MDA, resulting in worsening of clinical symptoms. Xanthones in mangosteen pericarp have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects,
potentially as an adjuntive therapy in acute exacerbations of COPD.
Methods: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of mangosteen pericarp extract to clinical improvements, plasma level of IL-6 and
MDA of acute exacerbation COPD patients. A clinical trial of experimental with pretest and posttest was conducted on 34 acute exacerbation
of COPD patients in Dr. Moewardi Hospital Surakarta and Dr. Ario Wirawan Lung Hospital Salatiga from April until May 2016. The sample
was taken by consecutive sampling. Subjects were divided by randomized double blind technique into the treatment group (n=17) received
mangosteen pericarp extract 2x1100mg/day and control group (n = 17) received placebo. Clinical improvements were measured in CAT
score and length of stay. CAT score, plasma level of IL-6 and MDA were measured on admission and at discharge. Length of stay based
on the number of days of care in hospitals.
Results: There was significant difference (p=0,011) towards decreased of IL-6 plasma level between treatment group (-2,17 ± 3,46 pg/
mL) and control group (+1,67 ± 6,81 pg/mL). There were no significant difference towards decreased of length of stay (p=0,34) between
treatment group (4,12 ± 1,54 days) and control group (5,24 ± 2,49 days), towards decreased of CAT score (p=0,252) between treatment
group (-19,18 ± 3,96) and control group (-18,24 ± 2,75), and towards decreased of MDA plasma level (p=0,986) between treatment group
(+0,03 ± 0,36μmol/L) and control group (+0,35 ± 1,58).
Conclusions: The addition of mangosteen pericarp extract 2x1100mg/day during hospitalization was significantly lowered plasma levels
of IL-6, but were not significant in lowering the CAT score, shortening the length of stay, and reducing the increase in plasma level of MDA.
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McGarrah, D. B., und M. L. Brake. „Argon ion excitation by relativistic electrons: II. Chemical kinetics“. Laser and Particle Beams 8, Nr. 3 (September 1990): 507–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034600008740.
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A model of an electron beam interacting with neutral argon was developed by solving the chemical kinetic rate equations for the time-dependent populations of ground and excited levels of Arl and Aril as well as the populations of electron energy groups. Intensities of spectral lines were calculated, from predicted population densities and Einstein coefficients, and compared to experimental results.The thermal plasma is generated during the beam pulse and persists for some time after the pulse is terminated. Low energy levels of Arii with a 4s or 4p valence electron have similar time profiles to the plasma density. However, high energy levels of Aril with a 4p′ or 4p′ valence electron have similar temporal profiles as the beam current. They are populated predominantly by direct ionization and exceed levels populated by thermal electrons. The 4p′ levels decay rapidly to 4s′ levels, which have very high beam deposition efficiencies for being pumped back to the 4p′ levels. In this way, certain transitions such as 4s′–4p′ in ArII are pumped directly by the electron beam. Without direct ionization, these transitions would be negligible compared to those transitions which have lower energy levels.