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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Arctic regions Psychological aspects“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Arctic regions Psychological aspects"
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Ignatev, Pavel D., und Anna V. Trusova. „Association of Personal Identity and Time Perspective in Patients with Alcohol Dependence: Cross-Cultural Research“. RUDN Journal of Psychology and Pedagogics 16, Nr. 2 (15.12.2019): 127–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-1683-2019-16-2-127-146.
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The article presents the results of an original cross-cultural study of the identity and time perspective in alcohol-addicted patients. Based on the materials of the two examined patient groups from the Central (N = 79) and Arctic regions (N = 66) of Russia, using a set of the following psychodiagnostic methods - test of 20 statements by M. Kuhn, T. McPartland, Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI), a semantic time differential and the questionnaire of motivation for alcohol consumption by V.Yu. Zavyalov (MAC) - the regional differences in the identity matrix and temporal orientations were found and described. According to the results of a clinical and psychological research, it was found that for alcohol-addicted patients in general the most significant is a reflexive identity focusing on “negative past”, while considering the past and future in the categories of “activity”, “affective sentiment”, “magnitude”. The leading alcohol use motives are hedonistic, ataractic, and activation behavior. At the same time, the communicative identity, “perceptibility” of the entire psychological time, as well as pseudocultural motive causing alcohol abuse are significantly present in the identity matrix of the patients from Saint Petersburg. In the group of patients from Yakutsk, there is a significant orientation toward a “fatalistic present”, with the “structurization” of the past, present, and future. The intergroup correlations between the various aspects of personal identity and time perspective, as well as the hierarchy of motives in patients with alcoholism in a socio-cultural context are shown. The correlation patterns between the identification characteristics and time perspective have significant differences in the two groups studied. The data obtained reflect the social specifics of the central regions, as well as the cultural characteristics of the northern nationalities with their inherent desire to avoid uncertainty. From these data, it can be concluded that the socio-psychological factors in the etiopathogenesis of alcohol dependence are significant.
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Sharok, V., Iu Iakovleva und N. Vakhnin. „Social and psychological aspects of individual adaptation in Arctic conditions“. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 302 (06.08.2019): 012084. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/302/1/012084.
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Sotnikova, Yuliia, und Khalida Ahaverdiieva. „Psychological aspects of social security in Ukraine“. Economics of Development 18, Nr. 2 (07.08.2019): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ed.18(2).2019.05.
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Negative trends in the social sphere and the social problems that exist because of this lead to a sharpening of state national security issues. At the same time, domestic and foreign scholars do not pay sufficient attention to the psychological component of social security, which characterizes the subjective assessment of the state of the social sphere development by the population. This very aspect of social security has become a basis for the formulation of the research goal as an analysis of the state of social security of Ukraine in a regional context in accordance with the system of indicators taking into account the psychological component. The main methods of the investigation are analysis, synthesis, comparative analysis, cluster analysis method. The practical result is the definition of the main components of national security, special attention is paid to the analysis of the interpretation of the definition of “social security” by domestic scientists. The expediency of allocating the psychological component of social security has been substantiated. The list of social security indicators has defined in accordance with the methodological recommendations for calculating the level of economic security of Ukraine, namely: the ratio of nominal wages to the subsistence minimum per working age person; the ratio of the size of the labor pension to the subsistence minimum of the disabled persons; the number of HIV-infected persons with the first diagnosis, persons per 100 thousand people); the number of patients with active tuberculosis with the first diagnosis, persons per 100 thousand people; level of crime. The so-called indexes of social tension have been added to this list, which take into account the psychological aspect of the population of the state, namely: arrears of wages; the level of payment by the population of housing and communal services; the level of registered unemployment; the number of employees who were in forced full-time employment. A cluster analysis of the regions of Ukraine has carried out on the basis of the listed social security indicators, which resulted in the definition of regions with high indicators of social security, namely: Dnipropetrovsk, Donetsk, Zaporizhzhia, Kyiv, Luhansk, Odesa and Kharkiv regions.
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Lukina, Olga, Anna Kurochkina und Anna Karmanova. „Assessment of tourism development in Arctic entities“. E3S Web of Conferences 175 (2020): 10010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017510010.
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The article reflects the main aspects of the development of the tourist industry of the Arctic regions. The characteristics of the tourist environment of each of the eight states forming the Arctic are presented. Dynamics of tourist flows of regions is considered. Trends in the further development of Arctic tourism are reflected. The analysis of statistical data on the subject under study is presented, conclusions on the topic are drawn.
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Bogachev, V. F., und N. P. Veretennikov. „NTEGRATION ASPECTS OF MANAGEMENT OF THE ECONOMY IN THE RUSSIAN ARCTIC REGIONS“. Север и рынок: формирование экономического порядка 68, Nr. 2/2020 (22.10.2020): 4–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.37614/2220-802x.2.2020.68.001.
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Currently the system of management of the economy in the Russian Arctic is not effective enough, does not represent a unified organizational structure and requires serious restructuring. This is particularly relevant to the ever-increasing trend of weakening connections between regions of the Russian Arctic and the necessity to strengthen integration processes. In the article the authors propose the concept of integration of regional management systems’ activities based on developmentof their horizontal interconnections. This will allow more effective use of resources in the interaction process and focus them on solving common tasks in the Russian Arctic, which functions as a kind of management macrosystem, consistent in relation to its integrated northern territories. The fact that there is no unified approach makes it impossible to create an environment comfortable for the people working there. Regions have different ways of resolving issues related to the production location in territories where mining or minerals extraction is the main development feature. The management of subarctic territories has differences in the regions, that may help entities to unite due to financial opportunities. Development of territories of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous District and the Arkhangelsk region territories is significantly different by their budgets, and the discussed programs are implemented in the regions depending on the availability of funds in their budgets. The article discusses options and scenarios thatcan help regions to develop a concept foroptimaldevelopmentof theterritories.
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Majd, Vahid Khodaie, und Arastu Bakhshaliyev. „The Study of Psychological Aspects of Iranian Mothers’ Lullabies“. Asian Social Science 12, Nr. 4 (19.03.2016): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v12n4p93.
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<p>Lullabies are one of the best and most appealing national-spiritual songs of the Iranian nation reflecting their high creativity in treating their children. The purpose of the present qualitative study is to examine the psychological aspects of the lullabies used by Iranian mothers through content analysis. Almost two thousand and five hundred lullabies of Farsi and Azeri speaking regions of Iran were selected based on purposive sampling. Having ensured the validity of the sources and documents of the lullabies in the regions, interpretive approach was adopted for studying and analyzing the contents of the lullabies. The content analysis of the lullabies under study indicated their far reaching psychological role in psychic health of the children, especially in creating positive self-concept, feeling of peace and security, reduced stress, and reinforcement of cognitive abilities as well as other psychological aspects, all of which have been discussed in this study.</p>
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GORDIENKO, D. V. „MILITARY COMPONENT OF THE POLICY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN THE "STRATEGIC TRIANGLE" RUSSIA – CHINA – USA: REGIONAL ASPECTS“. EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA 3, Nr. 8 (2020): 80–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2020.08.03.011.
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The military component of the Russian Federation's policy in the "strategic triangle" Russia-China-USA occupies an important place in the implementation of Russian aspirations in various regions of the world. The purpose of this article is to assess the impact of the military component of the Russian Federation's policy in the Russia-China- US strategic triangle on the implementation of current Russian policy in the post-Soviet space, in the Asia-Pacific and Euro-Atlantic regions, in the Arctic, the Middle East and other regions of the world. The paper examines the influence of the military component of the Russian Federation's policy in the Russia- China-USA “strategic triangle”, proposes an approach to a comparative assessment of this influence, which allows identifying the priorities of Russian policy in the post-Soviet space, in the Asia-Pacific and Euro-Atlantic regions, in the Arctic, on The Middle East and other regions of the world. A comparative assessment of the influence of the military component of the Russian Federation's policy in the Russia-China-USA “strategic triangle” can be used to substantiate recommendations to the military-political leadership of our country. The article concludes that the military component of Russian policy occupies a dominant position in the implementation of the current policy of the Russian Federation in the post-Soviet space, in the Asia- Pacific and Euro-Atlantic regions, in the Arctic, the Middle East and in other regions of the world.
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Laiti, Outi Kaarina, und Satu-Maarit Frangou. „Social Aspects of Learning: Sámi People in the Circumpolar North“. International Journal of Multicultural Education 21, Nr. 1 (04.03.2019): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.18251/ijme.v21i1.1728.
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This article addresses how, in the Arctic regions, indigenous traditional educational approaches focus on the cultural background of the people and their social learning customs in today’s context. The development of Arctic pedagogical approaches is discussed in light of experiences collected in Finnish Lapland in 2017 with the Sámi people. Particularly, the significance of social interactions in indigenous pedagogies is explored. We ask how social interactions benefit technologically enhanced learning in the Sámi cultural context. The findings suggest that social interactions have the potential for improving learning even when learning with and through information and communication technologies (ICTs).
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Nikonorov, S. M., S. N. Kirillov und M. V. Slipenchuk. „Transition to sustainable development of cities and regions Baikal natural territory and the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation“. Management and Business Administration, Nr. 4 (Dezember 2020): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.33983/2075-1826-2020-4-37-46.
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In our study, a comparative analysis is made between cities and regions of the Baikal natural territory and the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. The main goals of sustainable development for the Baikal natural territory are outlined. By focusing on sustainable development, we focus on the long-term, not the short-term. Analyzing this complex concept, the article presents several aspects and constituent elements of sustainable development. The paper presents the analytics of sustainable development of cities and regions of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation and the Baikal natural territory. The article analyzes the socio-economic indicators of the development of the regions of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation and the Baikal natural territory.
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Degen, Renate, und Sarah Faulwetter. „The Arctic Traits Database – a repository of Arctic benthic invertebrate traits“. Earth System Science Data 11, Nr. 1 (25.02.2019): 301–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-301-2019.
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Abstract. The recently increased interest in marine trait-based studies highlights one general demand – the access to standardized, reference-based trait information. This demand holds especially true for polar regions, where the gathering of ecological information is still challenging. The Arctic Traits Database is a freely accessible online repository (https://doi.org/10.25365/phaidra.49; https://www.univie.ac.at/arctictraits, last access: 20 February 2019) that fulfils these requests for one important component of polar marine life, the Arctic benthic macroinvertebrates. It accounts for (1) obligate traceability of information (every entry is linked to at least one source), (2) exchangeability among trait platforms (use of most common download formats), (3) standardization (use of most common terminology and coding scheme) and (4) user-friendliness (granted by an intuitive web interface and rapid and easy download options, for the first time including the option to download a fuzzy coded trait matrix). The combination of these aspects makes the Arctic Traits Database the currently most sophisticated online accessible trait platform in (not only) marine ecology and a role model for prospective databases of other marine compartments or other (also non-marine) ecosystems. At present the database covers 19 traits (80 trait categories) and holds altogether 14 242 trait entries for 1911 macro- and megabenthic taxa. Thus, the Arctic Traits Database will foster and facilitate trait-based approaches in polar regions in the future and increase our ecological understanding of this rapidly changing system.
Dissertationen zum Thema "Arctic regions Psychological aspects"
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Mocellin, Jane Schneider Pereyron. „A behavioural study of human responses to the arctic and antarctic environments“. Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29024.
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This is a study of human response to the Arctic and Antarctic environments. It is based on two sources of data: the content analysis of original diaries of polar explorers, and the behavioural evaluation of contemporary crews in polar locations. In the latter, four polar stations were chosen, two in each polar region with a total of fifty-five experimental subjects. Twenty-seven other subjects acted as controls for both polar regions: a northern control group located at a semi-isolated site in Canada, and the southern group located in an Argentinian city.
Methods applied in this research included the design and coding of categories which were content analyzed from the original diaries of explorers, and on-site procedures. On-site procedures included psychometric material, participant-observation reports and unstructured interviews. Fifteen behavioural measures within the domain of personality, perception of the environment, affection, social stress and community behaviour were administered.
It was hypothesized that the human response would be similar in both polar regions because of environmental and sociological similarities, and that the polar setting would affect men and women in a negative way. Results showed that: (i) the polar environment is not perceived as stressful by the crews - a low anxiety state across both polar regions was found, (ii) traumatic experiences of the explorers had led to the perception of the environment in a negative perspective - yet the winter seemed to be a relaxing phase for the crews rather than stressful, (iii) personnel stationed at polar sites may possess special characteristics which distinguish them from the majority of the population, (iv) although cross-cultural differences exist, they are not as strong as might be anticipated - the environment exerts a unifying influence, (v) differences in gender-response are difficult to assess due to the small number of women subjects, but some differences with controls were noted.Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies
Graduate
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Heyes, Scott Alexander. „Inuit and scientific ways of knowing and seeing the Arctic landscape“. Title page, abstract and table of contents only, 2002. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ARCHLM/09archlmh6159.pdf.
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"February 2002" Bibliography: leaves 117-128. This work explores traditional Inuit and Western scientific ways of knowing and seeing the Arctic through a number of cultural expressions of landscape. Inuit and Western perceptions of the Arctic are analysed by examining a series of thematic and cognitive 'maps', drawings and satellite imagery. The study focuses on how these forms of landscape representation and methods of navigation shape the way in whcih the Arctic is perceived. Centred on Inuit coastal villages in Nunavik (Northern Quebec), Canada, the study illustrates different and converging ways of reading the landscape through maps.
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Moore, William R. „Planning for social and psychological needs at a Canadian Arctic military installation“. Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30012.
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The Canadian Arctic is a region that greatly contrasts with the remainder of Canada, particularly the main area of settlement: the thin strip of land in southern Canada along the United States boundary. Since Canadian military personnel come primarily from southern Canada, being sent to an arctic installation places them in an unfamiliar, confined, isolated and potentially threatening environment that may expose them to social and psychological stresses that they are unprepared to encounter.
Planning of an arctic military installation must consider physical design constraints such as construction in areas of permafrost and physical protection from the harsh natural environment. However, planning should also consider the social and psychological needs of the inhabitants. The purpose of this thesis is to identify measures that should be considered in planning a Canadian arctic military installation in order to alleviate the social and psychological stresses of this unique environment. The scope is limited to investigating primarily the military environment, although relevant material is drawn from other sources through a literature review.
In order to identify the stresses of this environment, to understand their potential effects, and to suggest measures to alleviate these effects, a explicit concept of stress is required.
A literature review is used to discuss the concept of stress and define a model of stress that is applied in the subsequent analysis in the thesis. This model, the transactional or interactional model, emphasizes the individuality of the experience of stress. Stress is a dynamic phenomenon that includes the capacity of an individual to not only cope with stress, but also learn from the coping experience. The experience of stress is a process affected by the characteristics of the environment, the characteristics of the individual and the relationship between the individual and his natural, man-made and social environment.
A second literature review is conducted to discuss the potential social and psychological stresses that could apply to military personnel posted to the unique environment of a Canadian arctic military installation. The more salient characteristics of this environment that imply social and psychological stresses are those of isolation and confinement. Efforts suggested in the literature aimed at either avoiding or ameliorating the incidence of stress in an isolated and confined environment include actions that would be taken:
a. in the design of the station built environment;
b. in the screening and selection of station personnel;
c. during the indoctrination training of personnel prior to deployment; and
d. throughout the operation of the station.
These measures were applied, via a case study of Canadian Forces Station Alert, to gauge their relevancy in planning a Canadian arctic military installation. Many of these measures are currently in practice; however, particular characteristics of the Canadian military and an arctic military station make changes in specific emphasis. Characteristics which apply are those of:
a. the differences in station size;
b. the differences in climate and natural environment;
c. the need to maintain continuous station operation without the disruption of complete member rotation;
d. the limited source population from which to select members for service in the Arctic;
e. a station composed of service persons of the Canadian military is typically more homogeneous in composition;
f. the differences in the circumstances under which the members are employed, as Canadian service members in the Arctic are less likely to be volunteers;
g. the members of the Canadian Forces have already had some experience in postings to isolated environments; and
h. the marital status of members has particular importance due to the added difficulities for service families.Applied Science, Faculty of
Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of
Graduate
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Marshall, Sandra Gonzalez. „The childbearing beliefs and practices of pregnant Mexican-American adolescents living in Southwest border regions“. Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276643.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among different levels of acculturation on the childbearing beliefs and practices of pregnant Mexican American adolescents living in Southwest border regions. A descriptive correlational design was used in this study. Three instruments were used to collect data. A total of 73 pregnant Mexican American adolescents participated in the study. The Laredo sample and the Tucson sample were identified as true bicultural samples. The El Paso group was identified as a Mexican-oriented bicultural sample. All geographical areas had an equal acceptance of traditional Mexican medicine and biomedical beliefs. Laredo and Tucson adolesents' beliefs in the traditional Mexican childbearing culture was directly related to their acculturation level. For the El Paso group, there was a low negative correlation which indicated that being more or less acculturated did not necessarily affect the adolescents' beliefs in the traditional Mexican childbearing culture.
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Allen-Gil, Susan M. „Assessment of exposure and response to atmospherically-derived contaminants in U.S. Arctic freshwater fish“. Thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/34914.
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The Arctic has long been considered to be a pristine environment, far
from population centers and pollution sources. The detection of synthetic
organochlorine compounds in various elements of the Arctic food web has confirmed
the global dispersion of pollutants, particularly of persistent compounds such as
organochlorines and heavy metals. Levels of heavy metals, although elevated, appear
to be naturally so throughout much of the Arctic. Arctic pollution is both a
humanitarian and ecological concern. Many arctic coastal communities depend heavily
on marine mammal fat for sustenance, and are therefore potentially exposed to high
levels of organochlorines and some metals. From an ecological perspective, the
structure of arctic food webs, the importance of lipid mobilization for winter survival,
and the adaptive physiologies of arctic organisms may result in an enhanced response to
contaminant exposure. This thesis assesses the exposure and effect of organochlorine
and heavy metal exposure in inland freshwater ecosystems of Arctic Alaska, and
evaluates the physiological response of arctic grayling to experimental polychlorinated
biphenyl (PCB) exposure.Graduation date: 1995
Bücher zum Thema "Arctic regions Psychological aspects"
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International Congress on the History of the Arctic and Sub-Arctic Region (1998 Reykjavík, Iceland). Aspects of Arctic and sub-Arctic history: Proceedings of the International Congress on the History of the Arctic and the Sub-Arctic Region, Reykjavík, 18-21 June 1998. Reykjavík: University of Iceland Press, in cooperation with the Institute of History, University of Iceland, the Ministry for Foreign Affairs and External Trade of Iceland, and the Stefansson Arctic Institute, 2000.
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Keith, Robert F. Arctic borderlands: Environment and development issues in Canadian-American relations. [Toronto]: Canadian Institute of International Affairs, 1991.
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Canada, Canada Environment. Report of the Second Conference of Paliamentarians of the Arctic region. Ottawa: Environment Canada, 1996.
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Holroyd, Suzanne M. Canadian and U.S. defense planning toward the Arctic. Santa Monica, CA: Rand Corporation, 1989.
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Holroyd, Suzanne. Canadian and U.S. defense planning toward the Arctic. Santa Monica, CA: Rand Corporation, 1989.
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Holroyd, Suzanne. Canadian and U.S. defense planning toward the Arctic. Santa Monica, CA: Rand Corp., 1989.
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Caldwell, Nathaniel French. Arctic leverage: Canadian sovereignty and security. New York: Praeger, 1990.
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Green, Keith W. An Arctic policy bibliography. Aberdeen, Scotland: Centre for Defence Studies, 1990.
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Michaels, Daniel W. Russian-English Arctic environment glossary. 4. Aufl. [Suitland, Md: The Division, 1991.
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Security, Canadian Institute for International Peace and. New dimensions in Canadian-Soviet Arctic relations. Ottawa: Canadian Institute for International Peace and Security, 1988.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenBuchteile zum Thema "Arctic regions Psychological aspects"
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„Focal Aspects of Geochemistry Applied in Arctic and Temperate Regions“. In Regolith Exploration Geochemistry in Arctic and Temperate Terrains, 363–89. Elsevier, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-89154-9.50018-0.
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I., Wilfred, und Lazarus I. „HIV/AIDS and the Productivity of Selected Sub-Saharan African Regions“. In Social and Psychological Aspects of HIV/AIDS and their Ramifications. InTech, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/22576.
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„The Pacific Coast: A Psychological Study of the Relations of Climate and Civilization“. In The Basic Writings of Josiah Royce, Volume I, herausgegeben von John J. McDermott, 181–204. Fordham University Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9780823224838.003.0005.
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This chapter describes some of the principal physical aspects of California in relation to the life and civilization of the region. The task is at once comparatively simple and hopelessly complex. The topography of the Pacific slope is in certain of its principal features extremely easy to characterize. However, closer study shows how difficult it is to understand the relation of precisely such features to the life that has grown up in this region. The principal interest of the task lies in the fact that it is the American character and civilization which have been already molded in new ways by these novel aspects of the far western regions. In endeavoring to distinguish between what has resulted from physical conditions and what has been due to personal character, deliberate choice, general national temperament, or pure accident, one is dealing with a task for which the data are insufficient.
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Dolan, R. J. „The anatomy of human emotion“. In New Oxford Textbook of Psychiatry, 257–62. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199696758.003.0033.
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Emotions, uniquely among mental states, are characterized by psychological and somatic referents. The former embody the subjectivity of all psychological states. The latter are evident in objectively measurable stereotyped behavioural patterns of facial expression, comportment, and states of autonomic arousal. These include unique patterns of response associated with discrete emotional states, as for example seen in the primary emotions of fear, anger, or disgust often thought of as emotion proper. Emotional states are also unique among psychological states in exerting global effects on virtually all aspects of cognition including attention, perception, and memory. Emotion also exerts biasing influences on high level cognition including the decision-making processes that guide extended behaviour. An informed neurobiological account of emotion needs to incorporate how these wide ranging effects are mediated. Although much of what we can infer about emotional processing in the human brain is derived from clinic-pathological correlations, the advent of high resolution, non-invasive functional neuroimaging techniques such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) has greatly expanded this knowledge base. This is particularly the case for emotion, as opposed to other areas of cognition, where normative studies have provided a much richer account of the underlying neurobiology than that available on the basis of observations from pathology as in classical neuropsychology. Emotion has historically been considered to reflect the product of activity within the limbic system of the brain. The general utility of the concept of a limbic-based emotional system is limited by a lack of a consensus as to its precise anatomical extent and boundaries, coupled with knowledge that emotion-related brain activity is, to a considerable degree, configured by behavioural context. What this means is that brain regions engaged by, for example, an emotion of fear associated with seeing a snake can have both distinct and common features with an emotion of fear associated with a fearful recollection. Consequently, within this framework emotional states are not unique to any single brain region but are expressed in widespread patterns of brain activity, including activity within early sensory cortices, shaped by the emotion eliciting context. This perspective emphasizes a global propagation of emotional signals as opposed to a perspective of circumscribed limbic-mediated emotion-related activity.
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„Pacific Salmon: Ecology and Management of Western Alaska’s Populations“. In Pacific Salmon: Ecology and Management of Western Alaska’s Populations, herausgegeben von Kelly M. Burnett, Christian E. Torgersen, E. Ashley Steel, David P. Larsen, Joseph L. Ebersole, Robert E. Gresswell, Peter W. Lawson, Daniel J. Miller, Jeffery D. Rodgers und Don L. Stevens. American Fisheries Society, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874110.ch40.
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<em>Abstract.</em>—Most studies addressing relationships between salmonids, their freshwater habitats, and natural and anthropogenic influences have focused on relatively small areas and short time periods. The limits of knowledge gained at finer spatiotemporal scales have become obvious in attempts to cope with variable and declining abundances of salmon and trout across entire regions. Aggregating fine-scale information from disparate sources does not offer decision makers the means to solve these problems. The Salmon Research and Restoration Plan for the Arctic-Yukon-Kuskokwim Sustainable Salmon Initiative (AYK-SSI) recognizes the need for approaches to characterize determinants of salmon population performance at broader scales. Here we discuss data and modeling tools that have been applied in western Oregon to understand how landscape features and processes may influence salmonids in freshwater. The modeling tools are intended to characterize landscape features and processes (e.g., delivery and routing of wood, sediment, and water) and relate these to fish habitat or abundance. Models that are contributing to salmon conservation in Oregon include: (1) expert-opinion models characterizing habitat conditions, watershed conditions, and habitat potential; (2) statistical models characterizing spatial patterns in and relationships among fish, habitat, and landscape features; and (3) simulation models that propagate disturbances into and through streams and predict effects on fish and habitat across a channel network. The modeling tools vary in many aspects, including input data (probability samples vs. census, reach vs. watershed, and field vs. remote sensing), analytical sophistication, and empirical foundation, and so can accommodate a range of situations. In areas with a history of salmon-related research and monitoring in freshwater, models in the three classes may be developed simultaneously. In areas with less available information, expert-opinion models may be developed first to organize existing knowledge and to generate hypotheses that can guide data collection for statistical and simulation models.
Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Arctic regions Psychological aspects"
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Naseri, Masoud. „On Maintainability of Winterised Plants Operating in Arctic Regions“. In ASME 2017 36th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2017-61526.
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In Arctic regions, oil and gas (O&G) operations are adversely affected by harsh weather conditions and severe meteorological phenomena such as icing storms and, in certain regions, polar low pressures. Potential solutions, such as implementing winterisation concepts, are explored in the design and even operation phases in order to overcome such obstacles. Simply, the main aim of winterisation is to provide the crew and equipment units with a range of normal environmental and working conditions through, for instance, insulating equipment units, installing heat tracers, enclosing working areas, providing the crew with adequate clothing, etc. There are, however, some concerns about the efficiency of such winterisation measures and potential changes in operation risk level, of which the changes in plant downtime, production loss, and plant maintainability are the focus of present study. The issue of complex effects of winterisation measures on maintainability analysis of O&G plants operating in the Arctic offshore has gained little attention in the literature. In this study, different aspects of winterisation from the viewpoint of equipment maintainability are discussed. Further, a mathematical framework for maintainability analysis of equipment units subjected to winterisation measures is proposed. The impact of winterisation-related downtimes on plant downtime is analysed as well by employing a Monte Carlo system simulation technique. The application of the proposed framework is illustrated by a case study. The results are further compared with those for a non-winterised system designed for normal-climate regions.
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Sarychev, Aleksandr, und Ynina Shimanovskaya. „THE DYNAMICS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL CONDITION IN THE STATEMENT OF THE ARCTIC REGIONAL WORKING REGIONS AS A MARKER OF DEVELOPING FATIGUE“. In XV International interdisciplinary congress "Neuroscience for Medicine and Psychology". LLC MAKS Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m545.sudak.ns2019-15/365-366.
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Shen, Kehan, Chao Fang, Changzhou Lei und Xiaoye Wang. „The Study of Panic to Nuclear Energy on Psychological and Sociological Issues“. In 2013 21st International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone21-15017.
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Nuclear safety attracts many concerns from society especially after Fukushima accident. In recent years, although nuclear safety system has been continuously improved on the aspects of design functions, safety standards and safety assessment methods, etc., the public panic has not been reduced correspondingly. In some countries and regions, the public nuclear panic has a strong impact on the sustainable development of nuclear energy, which has been widely recognized by nuclear industries worldwide. In this paper, we studied the nuclear public panic from three aspects with the analysis of psychological and sociological methods, including: (1) Discussing the source of nuclear panic in the sense of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs and psychoanalysis; (2) Systemically studying the irrational behaviors in nuclear accidents and the public nuclear culture with cognitive theory; (3) Giving out the general model of public nuclear panic. In the last, some suggestions of nuclear risk perception and communication were also shown as reference, which are significant for the future work.
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von Bock und Polach, R. U. Franz, Marco Klein, Jan Kubiczek, Leon Kellner, Moritz Braun und Hauke Herrnring. „State of the Art and Knowledge Gaps on Modelling Structures in Cold Regions“. In ASME 2019 38th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-95085.
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Abstract The environment in cold regions undergoes significant changes that manifest in rising temperatures and melting ice caps. These processes allow access to new areas for shipping and the installation of structures. However, the occurring changes are not solely a reduction of ice, but also waves increasingly occur in cold regions contributing to ice break up in the Marginal Ice Zone (MIZ) and the transport of ice towards the open sea. Much work has been done to combine the single topic disciplines: wave-hydrodynamics, ice mechanics and structure mechanics to wave-structure (WSI) and ice-structure interaction (ISI). The changing environment in cold regions and the increased wave activity form a new combined discipline: wave-ice-structure interaction (WISI). This paper addresses existing knowledge gaps of the future loading scenario WISI that need to be addressed in engineering to ensure safety for future operations in Polar Regions. The knowledge gaps however, do not only refer to the discipline interfaces, i.e. challenges in combining them, but also to knowledge gaps within them. Wave statistics and the cross-effect between wave and ice are widely unknown which limits the definition of a design wave-scenario. Structures in such environments are exposed to subzero temperatures and neither their impact on properties nor on fatigue life is fully understood. While most phenomena of these two disciplines and their implementation into numerical models are established the ice mechanics appear as the weakest link. Ice is a complex material and not all aspects of its mechanical behaviour are understood and if – the implementation into (numerical) models has not been successful yet. Ice pieces that are energetically charged by waves and collide with structures at high velocities and for such high impact loads the governing ice mechanics are hardly covered by the state of the art or not at all.
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Pakkan, Meric, David Heng und Ove Tobias Gudmestad. „Polar Lows and Their Implications on Marine Operations: Survivability Criteria“. In ASME 2013 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2013-10140.
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The oil resource potential in the Arctic/sub-Arctic regions is estimated to be as high as that 25% of the world’s yet-to-be-found. Nevertheless, operating in above-mentioned regions is more complicated and expensive than the ones in the North Sea. One of the most important aspects to consider in operating in these Arctic regions is the presence of polar lows and arctic fronts and storms. These extreme events and implications of them on the marine operations were the main focus of this study. While the maximum polar low-sourced wind speeds for 10-, 20- and 100-year return periods are estimated to be 55.37, 60.93 and 73.52 knots, the maximum polar low-sourced wave heights for 10-, 20- and 100-year return periods are calculated as 5.71, 6.66 and 8.82 meters, respectively. It is found out that polar lows weather conditions do not normally represent design values (survival conditions); however, they represent operational limitations. • We conclude that operations lasting longer than 72 hours shall be designed for a rougher weather than the polar lows lead to (survival mode). • For operations of duration less than 72 hours, the weather forecast is crucial and it must also be possible to abort the operation within a short period if one is close to a polar weather front as a polar low may appear very quickly.
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Nuckols, Marshall, Jerry Henkener, Jeffrey Chao, Chris Shaffer und Matthew Swiergosz. „Manned Evaluation of a Prototype Cold Water Diving Garment Using Superinsulation Aerogel Materials“. In 25th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2006-92026.
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During January 2005, the U. S. Navy Experimental Diving Unit (NEDU) in Panama City, Florida conducted a repeated measures series of twelve test dives, each up to three hours in duration, to compare the thermal performance of a prototype diving garment using a superinsulation aerogel fabric with that of a commercially-available Thinsulate garment worn beneath a commercial dry suit. The thermal benefit of the experimental aerogel garment was determined by statistics describing psychological and physical thermal status data from the aerogel and the commercial Thinsulate garments. All tests were conducted to simulate long-duration cold water conditions in the NEDU test pool, where water temperature was maintained between 1.7 and 4.4 °C (35 and 40 °F). Divers remained immobile while either lying or sitting in chairs on the bottom of the test pool, and they subjectively reported their thermal comfort at 30-minute intervals during each dive. Mean dive durations were found to be approximately 43% longer when divers wore the prototype aerogel garment than when they wore an M400 Thinsulate liner. The prototype aerogel garment also enhanced thermal protection to the fingers and toes, although thermal stress to these body regions still remained the most frequent reason for aborting dives. Future research should include work on localized active heating of the hands and feet to augment the thermal insulation of the prototype aerogel garment.
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Paulin, Mike, Duane DeGeer, Joseph Cocker und Mark Flynn. „Arctic Offshore Pipeline Design and Installation Challenges“. In ASME 2014 33rd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2014-23117.
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With the oil industry’s continued quest for oil and gas in frontier offshore locations, several developments have taken place in regions characterized by seasonal ice cover including the US Beaufort, North Caspian, and Sakhalin Island. In these projects, pipeline systems have been used, which are a cost-effective, safe, and reliable mode of hydrocarbon transport. For pipeline development in Arctic, several years of data need to be collected to support the pipeline design and construction planning, and may be required by regulations. Therefore, Arctic offshore pipeline projects generally require repetitive mapping surveys and geotechnical programs to verify design loads, soil properties, and thaw settlement potential. The major design loads that are considered for Arctic projects include ice gouging, strudel scour, upheaval buckling as well as thaw settlement. These issues can have a significant influence on the pipeline engineering considerations such as strain based design, target burial depth requirements, cost, and safety. While important to the design of the pipeline, these issues account for just a few of the many criteria that must be considered when routing a pipeline; criteria which can be categorized as either engineering, environmental, social, administrative, or infrastructural. The pipelines which are currently operational in the Arctic are located in shallow water depths and close to shore but were influenced by the unique Arctic environmental loading conditions. The experience from these past projects provides a significant base for the design, and operating of future offshore arctic pipelines. Pushing the limits to developments further offshore in deeper water will require that additional consideration be given to aspects related to pipeline design, in particular with respect to burial for protection against ice gouging.
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Rezende, Filipe A., Guilherme K. Lopes, Fernando J. M. Sousa, José R. M. Sousa, Carlos E. Fonseca und Joseir G. Percy. „Wellhead Fatigue Analysis Considering Global and Local Effects“. In ASME 2020 39th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2020-18854.
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Abstract During drilling operations, the wellhead system and top hole casings shall be designed to support dynamic loads from the connected riser through the BOP stack/LMRP. As dynamic motions are associated to stress variations, fatigue becomes a major concern for designers. The accumulation of damage at the wellhead and close regions is dependent on several aspects, such as the riser components, the interactions soil-conductor and conductor-surface casing, and of course the environmental conditions. Consequently, fatigue analysis involves complex numerical models and requires the simulation of a huge number of loading cases. The present paper aims to estimate the fatigue damage at critical components of the top hole casings and at the wellhead. Two different approaches were investigated. In the first, a global model is analyzed in the time domain (TD), and the Rainflow cycle counting method is used to calculate fatigue damage. The global model includes the drilling riser, wellhead, casings, and interactions between components and with soil. In the second, the same model is analyzed in the frequency domain (FD), and the Dirlik method is used to calculate fatigue damage. Additionally, to allow a better evaluation of stresses at complex geometry regions, forces and moments obtained using the TD methodology were combined with load-to-stress transfer functions, defined by means of a local model and symbolic regression (SR) analysis. The local model includes a detailed 3D model of the pressure housings, and soil-to-casing interaction. The obtained results indicate that the pressure housings are not sensitive to fatigue, and also that the analyses performed are feasible, contributing to reduce computational costs in wellhead fatigue assessments.
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Daley, Claude, und Andrew Kendrick. „Direct Design of Large Ice Class Ships With Emphasis on the Midbody Ice Belt“. In ASME 2008 27th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2008-57846.
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The future development of oil and gas reserves in remote Polar Regions areas will require a new generation of highly ice-capable vessels. Many may need to be capable of operating at all times of the year. These ships will need to be able to travel faster in heavy ice than all but the largest icebreakers, which poses challenges for both hull and machinery design. The American Bureau of Shipping (ABS), BMT Fleet Technology Limited (BMT) and Hyundai Heavy Industries (HHI) are currently undertaking a joint project aimed at addressing these design challenges. Because of the unique and innovative aspects of large fast ships for Polar ice development, new methodologies for direct calculation of loads on all areas of the hull are needed. The project is also addressing the need for new techniques for the analysis of the outer hull, double hull and gas containment systems of these ships under design and accidental loads; areas in which ‘rule design’ can only provide a starting point. This paper focuses on the midbody ice loads that may results from both ice pressures and from glancing collisions in the midbody area. The paper highlights some of the challenges of direct design.
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Landet, Einar, Kari Lo̸nvik, Gudfinnur Sigurdsson und Karl P. Fischer. „Coating Degradation Models: Cost Optimisation of Inspection, Maintenance and Repair of FPSO’s“. In ASME 2005 24th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2005-67005.
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Corrosion control design and management for a new build Floating Production Storage and Offloading installation (FPSO) operating in certain benign regions, such as West Africa, China and Brazil, can provide significantly increased challenges compared to their North Sea counter parts. Even though there are over 100 FPSO’s operating worldwide, designing and implementing a cost optimal Inspection, Maintenance and Repair (IMR) system for a 20 year service still remains a major challenge. Primarily this is due to the fact that there is limited information available to facilitate the corrosion control design for a 20 year continuous service. Therefore, it is difficult to select a cost effective corrosion control design that addresses both the fabrication and operational aspects. This paper describes a probabilistic model for coating degradation and its application for implementing IMR for long year service of FPSO’s. The model can be utilized as a tool for planning of inspection and maintenance of the corrosion protective coatings and also estimate the associate costs. This enables the operator to model various scenarios for future inspection and maintenance work and thereby select cost optimal solutions for the given FPSO requirements. The paper will also demonstrate the proposed model through a realistic case study.