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Dlouhý, Ivo, Lukas Rehorek, Hanuš Seiner, Jan Čížek und Filip Šiška. „Architectured Multi-Metallic Structures Prepared by Cold Dynamic Spray Deposition“. Key Engineering Materials 810 (Juli 2019): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.810.107.
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The architectured metallic materials are a class of composite materials that combines two or more metals/alloys with a specific spatial ordering (architecture). The main goal behind the preparation of such materials is to obtain properties that are not achievable by a single material. The internal architecture thus creates an extra degree of freedom in materials design. Based on theoretical considerations three aluminum alloy structures containing square, triangle and sinusoidal iron beam patterns have been prepared by a cold spray deposition technique. Strength properties difference and good bonding of the reinforcing Fe structure to the Al matrix has been found to be important for effective improvement of final properties. Incorporating about 30 vol. % structured iron beams into the Al matrix resulted in a macroscopic performance of the architectured multimaterial similar to Ti alloys.
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Yeo, Seon Ju, Gwan H. Choi und Pil J. Yoo. „Multiscale-architectured functional membranes utilizing inverse opal structures“. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 5, Nr. 33 (2017): 17111–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ta05033j.
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Yoo, Pil J. „Multiscale-Architectured Functional Membranes Based on Inverse-Opal Structures“. Membrane Journal 26, Nr. 6 (30.12.2016): 421–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.14579/membrane_journal.2016.26.6.421.
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Dalaq, Ahmed S., und Francois Barthelat. „Strength and stability in architectured spine-like segmented structures“. International Journal of Solids and Structures 171 (Oktober 2019): 146–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2019.04.012.
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Cao, Xianyi, Shuai Jia, Wei Huang, Yingying Tang, Jens Øllgaard Duus, Jun Lou und Qijin Chi. „Optimal structuring of nitrogen-doped hybrid-dimensional nanocarbons for high-performance flexible solid-state supercapacitors“. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 7, Nr. 13 (2019): 7501–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ta11206a.
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Nitrogen-doped hybrid-dimensional nanocarbons are architectured into special structures and used for fabrication of solid-state flexible supercapacitors showing high-performance energy storage capacity.
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Balk, Maria, Marc Behl, Ulrich Nöchel und Andreas Lendlein. „Architectured Shape-Memory Hydrogels with Switching Segments Based on Oligo(ε-caprolactone)“. MRS Advances 1, Nr. 27 (2016): 2011–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2016.414.
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ABSTRACTShape-memory hydrogels (SMHs) are potential candidate materials for biomedical applications as they can mimic the elastic properties of soft tissue and exhibit shape transformations at body temperature. Here we explored, whether architectured SMHs can be designed by incorporating oligo(ε-caprolactone) (OCL, ${\overline M _n}$ = 4500 g·mol-1, Tm = 54 °C) side chains as switching segment into hydrophilic polymer networks based on N-vinylpyrrolidone as backbone forming component and oligo(ethylene glycol)divinylether (OEGDVE, ${\overline M _n}$ = 250 g·mol-1) as crosslinker. By utilizing NaCl and NaHCO3 as porogene during thermal crosslinking architectured hydrogels having pore diameters between 30 and 500 µm and wall thicknesses ranging from 10 to 190 µm in the swollen state were synthesized. According to the porous microstructure, a macroscopic form stability was obtained when the polymer networks were swollen until equilibrium in water. Material properties were investigated as function of the OCL content, which was varied between 20 and 40 wt%. In compression experiments the architectured hydrogels exhibited strain fixity and strain recovery ratios above 80%. These architectured SMHs might enable biomaterial applications as smart implants with the recovery of bulky structures from compact shapes.
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Prajapati, Mayur Jiyalal, Ajeet Kumar, Shang-Chih Lin und Jeng-Ywan Jeng. „Reducing mechanical anisotropy in material extrusion process using bioinspired architectured lattice structures“. Additive Manufacturing 66 (März 2023): 103480. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2023.103480.
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Chen, Lu, Wenjing Deng, Zhi Chen und Xiaolei Wang. „Hetero-architectured core–shell NiMoO4@Ni9S8/MoS2 nanorods enabling high-performance supercapacitors“. Journal of Materials Research 37, Nr. 1 (08.11.2021): 284–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s43578-021-00318-y.
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Abstract An effective technique for improving electrochemical efficiency is to rationally design hierarchical nanostructures that completely optimize the advantages of single components and establish an interfacial effect between structures. In this study, core–shell NiMoO4@Ni9S8/MoS2 hetero-structured nanorods are prepared via a facile hydrothermal process followed by a direct sulfurization. The resulting hierarchical architecture with outer Ni9S8/MoS2 nanoflakes shell on the inner NiMoO4 core offers plentiful active sites and ample charge transfer pathways in continuous heterointerfaces. Ascribing to the porous core–shell configuration and synergistic effect of bimetal sulfides, the obtained NiMoO4@Ni9S8/MoS2 as electrode material presents an unsurpassed specific capacity of 373.4 F g−1 at 10 A g−1 and remarkable cycling performance in the 6 M KOH electrolyte. This work delivers a rational method for designing highly efficient electrodes for supercapacitors, enlightening the road of exploring low-cost materials in the energy storage domain. Graphical Abstract
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Kelkar, Parth Uday, Hyun Soo Kim, Kyung-Hoon Cho, Joon Young Kwak, Chong-Yun Kang und Hyun-Cheol Song. „Cellular Auxetic Structures for Mechanical Metamaterials: A Review“. Sensors 20, Nr. 11 (01.06.2020): 3132. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20113132.
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Recent advances in lithography technology and the spread of 3D printers allow us a facile fabrication of special materials with complicated microstructures. The materials are called “designed materials” or “architectured materials” and provide new opportunities for material development. These materials, which owing to their rationally designed architectures exhibit unusual properties at the micro- and nano-scales, are being widely exploited in the development of modern materials with customized and improved performance. Meta-materials are found to possess superior and unusual properties as regards static modulus (axial stress divided by axial strain), density, energy absorption, smart functionality, and negative Poisson’s ratio (NPR). However, in spite of recent developments, it has only been feasible to fabricate a few such meta-materials and to implement them in practical applications. Against such a backdrop, a broad review of the wide range of cellular auxetic structures for mechanical metamaterials available at our disposal and their potential application areas is important. Classified according to their geometrical configuration, this paper provides a review of cellular auxetic structures. The structures are presented with a view to tap into their potential abilities and leverage multidimensional fabrication advances to facilitate their application in industry. In this review, there is a special emphasis on state-of-the-art applications of these structures in important domains such as sensors and actuators, the medical industry, and defense while touching upon ways to accelerate the material development process.
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Djourachkovitch, Tristan, Nawfal Blal, Nahiene Hamila und Anthony Gravouil. „Multiscale topology optimization of 3D structures: A micro-architectured materials database assisted strategy“. Computers & Structures 255 (Oktober 2021): 106574. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruc.2021.106574.
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Nath, Shukantu Dev, und Sabrina Nilufar. „An Overview of Additive Manufacturing of Polymers and Associated Composites“. Polymers 12, Nr. 11 (17.11.2020): 2719. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12112719.
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Additive manufacturing is rapidly evolving and opening new possibilities for many industries. This article gives an overview of the current status of additive manufacturing with polymers and polymer composites. Various types of reinforcements in polymers and architectured cellular material printing including the auxetic metamaterials and the triply periodic minimal surface structures are discussed. Finally, applications, current challenges, and future directions are highlighted here.
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Fabrègue, Damien, Bassem Mouawad, Cyril Buttay, Maher Soueidan, Aude Lamontagne, Romain Forte, Michel Perez et al. „Elaboration of Architectured Materials by Spark Plasma Sintering“. Materials Science Forum 706-709 (Januar 2012): 1885–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.706-709.1885.
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Spark plasma sintering has been used for decades in order to consolidate a wide variety of materials and permitting to obtain fully dense specimens. This technique has been mainly applied to ceramics. This paper concentrates on an unusual use of spark plasma sintering system: obtaining innovative materials especially architectured ones. Different applications are presented. Firstly, the SPS technique has been used to elaborate nanometers grain size materials or containing nanoscale microstructure. This is possible since the sintering temperature and the holding time are far lower in the SPS compared to other techniques. Then SPS has been used to realize diffusion bonding. In that case again, bonding can be realized at low temperature and for short time. It permits for example to realize bonding between two copper layers which is of a great importance for microelectronic applications. It is worth noting that this bonding can have the same mechanical strength as pure copper even for diffusion time of a few minutes. Secondly, bonding has been also carried out between a metallic layer and a ceramic one. This could lead to design of new layered materials combining interesting properties in terms of mechanical strength but also in terms of electrical resistance. The SPS machine has also been used to obtain porous materials (cobalt alloys or copper) with an adapted microstructure (porosity, tortuosity,). These structures could open new perspectives for biomedical or for microelectronic applications. All these examples lead to a better understanding of the physical processes which happen during spark plasma sintering.
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Guérard, Sandra, Jérémie Girardot und Philippe Viot. „Strain rate influence on mechanical behavior of a single wire entangled material“. EPJ Web of Conferences 183 (2018): 03001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201818303001.
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In a global context of energy saving, the ratio stiffness – mass is a key parameter for design of mechanical structures. To deal with this major concern, sandwich materials are finding an increasing use: the skins are designed to resist tensile and compressive stresses while the core needs to gather lightweight, shear stresses resistance and high mechanical energy absorption capacities. Firstly made of balsa wood, the core is nowadays classically realized using architectured materials (cellular materials, honeycombs, entangled materials, etc.). Entangled materials are architectured materials with tuneable properties, depending of the dedicated application. Several entangled materials already exist such as mineral or metallic wool; some of them are made of a single ductile metallic wire, entangled in all directions so that the final material becomes a porous continuous media. Such materials, which combine lightness and ductile behaviour, seem to be perfect candidates to dissipate energy during an impact. Compared to conventional materials such as balsa wood or honeycomb, a large amount of energy is indeed dissipated by friction coming from the numerous contacts due to the entanglement. The global aim of this work is focused on the study of energy dissipation mechanisms involved during impact as well as the correlation between architectural parameters of the material (wire diameter and material, volume fraction, etc.) and macroscopic behaviour. The first step that is presented here consists of an experimental investigation using dynamic compression tests to study macroscopic parameters (wire diameter, volume fraction, etc.) on absorbed energy.
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Völlmecke, Christina, Melanie Todt und Stylianos Yiatros. „Buckling and postbuckling of architectured materials: A review of methods for lattice structures and metal foams“. Composites and Advanced Materials 30 (01.01.2021): 263498332110039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/26349833211003904.
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Recent advances in manufacturing and material science have given rise to numerous architectured materials (archimats), which are tailored for multifunctionality and improved performance. Specifically, lattice structures and metal foams are usually lightweight optimized structural morphologies, which are prone to non-linear instability phenomena, leading to collapse or to a different stable state. This article offers an extensive review of analytical, numerical and experimental methods for investigating buckling and postbuckling in such materials. In terms of analytical modelling, linear elastic and geometrically non-linear models are presented. In numerical analysis, discrete and continuum models are presented, highlighting how numerical modelling can inform design of such materials and finally, experimental methods across different scales are reported, highlighting their merits, depending on the aim of the investigation.
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Mocian, Oana Alexandra, Dan Mihai Constantinescu, Florin Baciu und Andrei Indres. „Energy Absorption Enhancement by Unit Cell Angle Grading or Sandwich Panels with Auxetic Core“. Materiale Plastice 58, Nr. 4 (04.01.2022): 94–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/mp.21.4.5535.
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Architectured structures, particularly auxetic materials, have demonstrated encouraging applications in energy absorption as they facilitate the customization of their structural response. Specific geometries of unit cells can thus be tailored for particular needs due to recent progress in additive manufacturing techniques. This paper experimentally studies how the grading of the cell unit angle of an auxetic core in a sandwich panel affects its energy absorbing capability and structural response. 3D printed sandwich panels with uniform and graded auxetic cellular core were tested under quasistatic compression. The results show that sandwich panels with graded core exhibit much better energy absorption capabilities with higher plateau stress and densification strain. This indicates that, by appropriately controlling its geometry, auxetic structures can show further potential as core in sandwich panels for energy absorption applications.
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Hieu, Nguyen Minh, Cao Van Phuoc, Truong Thi Hien, Nguyen Duc Chinh, Nguyen Duc Quang, Chunjoong Kim, Jong-Ryul Jeong und Dojin Kim. „A Separated Receptor/Transducer Scheme as Strategy to Enhance the Gas Sensing Performance Using Hematite–Carbon Nanotube Composite“. Sensors 19, Nr. 18 (11.09.2019): 3915. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19183915.
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Nanocomposite structures, where the Fe, Fe2O3, or Ni2O3 nanoparticles with thin carbon layers are distributed among a single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) network, are architectured using the co-arc discharge method. A synergistic effect between the nanoparticles and SWCNT is achieved with the composite structures, leading to the enhanced sensing response in ammonia detection. Thorough studies about the correlation between the electric properties and sensing performance confirm the independent operation of the receptor and transducer in the sensor structure by nanoparticles and SWCNT, respectively. Nanoparticles with a large specific surface area provide adsorption sites for the NH3 gas molecules, whereas hole carriers are supplied by the SWCNT to complete the chemisorption process. A new chemo-resistive sensor concept and its operating mechanism is proposed in our work. Furthermore, the separated receptor and transducer sensor scheme allows us more freedom in the design of sensor materials and structures, thereby enabling the design of high-performance gas sensors.
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Alkhader, Maen, Mohammad Nazzal und Karim Louca. „Design of bending dominated lattice architectures with improved stiffness using hierarchy“. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 233, Nr. 11 (31.10.2018): 3976–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406218810298.
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Micro-architectured lattices are a promising subclass of cellular solids whose inner topologies can be tailored to enhance their stiffness. Generally, enhancing lattices' stiffness is achieved by increasing their connectivity. This strategy gives rise to a stiffer response by forcing lattices' ligaments to deform mainly in an axial manner. Conversely, this work is interested in developing micro-architectured lattices with enhanced stiffness, but whose cell walls deform in a flexural manner. Such structures can be more ductile and exhibit better energy mitigation abilities than their stretching dominated counterparts. Enhancing the stiffness of bending dominated lattices without increasing their connectivity can be realized by transforming them to hierarchical ones. This work explores, using experimentally verified finite element simulations, the effect of fractal-inspired hierarchy and customized nonfractal-based hierarchy on stiffness, anisotropy, and deformation mechanisms of an anisotropic bending dominated diamond lattice. Results show that fractal-inspired hierarchy can significantly enhance the stiffness of bending dominated lattices without affecting their deformation mechanisms or anisotropy level; ill-designed hierarchy can have a detrimental effect on lattice's stiffness; and customized hierarchy are more effective than fractal-inspired hierarchy in enhancing lattices' stiffness as well as can be more compatible with traditional, reliable, mass-producing manufacturing processes.
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Li, Weixuan, You Chen und Zhibin Jiao. „Efficient Anti-Fog and Anti-Reflection Functions of the Bio-Inspired, Hierarchically-Architectured Surfaces of Multiscale Columnar Structures“. Nanomaterials 13, Nr. 9 (07.05.2023): 1570. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13091570.
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Today, in the fields of optical precision instruments, medical devices, and automotive engineering, the demand for anti-reflection and anti-fog surfaces is growing rapidly. However, the anti-fog function often compromises the efficiency of the anti-reflection function. Therefore, optical precision instruments are always restricted by the inability to combine high anti-reflection efficiency and excellent anti-fog performance into one material. In addition, the synergistic mechanism of harmonizing anti-fogging and anti-reflection is currently unclear, which has a negative impact on the development and optimization of multifunctional surfaces. Herein, bio-inspired anti-fogging and anti-reflection surfaces (BFRSs) possessing multiscale hierarchical columnar structures (MHCS) were obtained using a brief and effective preparation technique, combining the biotemplating method and sol-gel method. Specifically, condensed fog droplets distributed on the BFRS can be absolutely removed within 6 s. In addition, the BFRSs endow the glass substrate with a relatively higher reflectance (17%) than flat glass surfaces (41%). Furthermore, we demonstrated the synergistic mechanism of the anti-fogging and anti-reflection functions of BFRSs. On the one hand, the high transparency benefits from the multiple refraction and scattering of light in the MHCS array. On the other hand, the excellent anti-fogging performance is attributed to the imbalance of the capillary force of the MHCS acting on the liquid film. The explanation for these two mechanisms provides more possibilities for the subsequent preparation of multifunctional surfaces. At the same time, the bionic research concept provides new solutions for the researcher to conquer the combination of high transmission and anti-fog properties for precision optical surfaces.
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Campos Mata, Maria Astrid, Soumyabrata Roy, Thibeorchews Prasankumar und Pulickel M. Ajayan. „Controlling Micro-Architecture in Dendritic Cu-Ni Heterostructures for Energy Storage and Conversion Applications“. ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, Nr. 38 (07.07.2022): 1684. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01381684mtgabs.
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A simple and innovative technique was developed in this work creating a stable, fully established porous three dimensional (3D) dendritic structure, which can be adopted as electrode for redox supercapacitors and catalytic energy conversion reactions 1,2. By controlling the surfactant and etching chemistry a series of different micro-architectured morphologies was created for Cu-Ni heterostructures (Fig. 1a) during their dendritic growth at suitable electrodeposition potentials. This work examines in detail the effect of the deposition conditions on the mass and chemical composition (Fig. 1b), and morphology (Fig. 1c-d), mass and chemical composition (Fig. 1e) of the deposited Ni/Cu electrodes and the resulting 3D architectures of the dendritic growth. The porosity, architecture, geometric confinement, and the exposed crystallographic facets were found to play crucial roles in the energy storage and catalytic outcomes yielding insightful structure-activity correlations3. Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) studies reveal clear pseudocapacitive nature of the electrodes with the 10 minutes deposited Ni/Cu redox electrode exhibiting very high specific capacitance of 643 F.g−1 at 1 A.g−1 (Fig. 1e-f). The fabricated electrode delivers the capacitance retention of 84% after 5000 consecutive charge discharge cycles (Fig. 1g). These results spotlight the mechanism involved in the electrodeposition and the influence of the observed mass and deposition duration that modifies the electrode content and morphology, as well as its electrochemical activity. Furthermore, the microtraps present in the architectural matrix and the relative composition of Cu to Ni was fine tuned to efficiently direct the reaction pathway towards C2 products during CO2 electroreduction (eCO2R)4. The local confinement of the suitable intermediates and production of CO and H* in proximal sites leads to controlled product tunability towards higher carbon containing hydrogenated products with high faradaic efficiency5. The structure-activity correlations developed here through operando and postmortem analyses corroborated by computational studies, will help guide future material design strategies for enhanced energy storage and catalytic applications. Keywords: electrodeposition, CuNi structures, microtraps, pseudocapacitor, CO2 reduction Fig. 1. a) XRD pattern and b) XPS spectrum of Cu-Ni heterostructure, c) and d) SEM micrographs of the micro-architectured morphologies obtained by controlling the surfactant and etching chemistry, e) and f) CV studies of 10 min deposited Ni/Cu redox electrode, and g) Charge-discharge cycles of the fabricated electrode. References Zou, R. et al. Dendritic Heterojunction Nanowire Arrays for High-Performance Supercapacitors. Sci. Reports 2015 51 5, 1–7 (2015). Zang, D., Huang, Y., Li, Q., Tang, Y. & Wei, Y. Cu dendrites induced by the Anderson-type polyoxometalate NiMo6O24 as a promising electrocatalyst for enhanced hydrogen evolution. Appl. Catal. B Environ. 249, 163–171 (2019). Sebastiá n-Pascual, P., Jordã Pereira, I. & Escudero-Escribano, M. Tailored electrocatalysts by controlled electrochemical deposition and surface nanostructuring. Chem. Commun 56, 13261 (2020). Zhuang, T. T. et al. Copper nanocavities confine intermediates for efficient electrosynthesis of C3 alcohol fuels from carbon monoxide. Nat. Catal. 1, (2018). Sebastián‐Pascual, P., Mezzavilla, S., Stephens, I. E. L. & Escudero‐Escribano, M. Structure‐Sensitivity and Electrolyte Effects in CO 2 Electroreduction: From Model Studies to Applications. ChemCatChem 11, 3626–3645 (2019). Figure 1
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Palumbo, S., A. R. Carotenuto, A. Cutolo, D. R. Owen, L. Deseri und M. Fraldi. „Bulky auxeticity, tensile buckling and deck-of-cards kinematics emerging from structured continua“. Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 477, Nr. 2246 (Februar 2021): 20200729. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2020.0729.
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Complex mechanical behaviours are generally met in macroscopically homogeneous media as effects of inelastic responses or as results of unconventional material properties, which are postulated or due to structural systems at the meso/micro-scale. Examples are strain localization due to plasticity or damage and metamaterials exhibiting negative Poisson’s ratios resulting from special porous, eventually buckling, sub-structures. In this work, through ad hoc conceived mechanical paradigms, we show that several non-standard behaviours can be obtained simultaneously by accounting for kinematical discontinuities, without invoking inelastic laws or initial voids. By allowing mutual sliding among rigid tesserae connected by pre-stressed hyperelastic links, we find several unusual kinematics such as localized shear modes and tensile buckling-induced instabilities, leading to deck-of-cards deformations—uncapturable with classical continuum models—and unprecedented ‘bulky’ auxeticity emerging from a densely packed, geometrically symmetrical ensemble of discrete units that deform in a chiral way. Finally, after providing some analytical solutions and inequalities of mechanical interest, we pass to the limit of an infinite number of tesserae of infinitesimal size, thus transiting from discrete to continuum, without the need to introduce characteristic lengths. In the light of the theory of structured deformations, this result demonstrates that the proposed architectured material is nothing else than the first biaxial paradigm of structured continuum —a body that projects, at the macroscopic scale, geometrical changes and disarrangements occurring at the level of its sub-macroscopic elements.
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Stenslie, Stahl, und Magne Wiggen. „Preemptive Architecture: Explosive Art and Future Architectures in Cursed Urban Zones“. AM Journal of Art and Media Studies, Nr. 12 (15.04.2017): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.25038/am.v0i12.165.
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This article describes the art and architectural research project Preemptive Architecture that uses artistic strategies and approaches to create bomb-ready architectural structures that act as instruments for the undoing of violence in war. Increasing environmental usability through destruction represents an inverse strategy that reverses common thinking patterns about warfare, art and architecture. Building structures predestined for a constructive destruction becomes a creative act. One of the main motivations behind this paper is to challenge and expand the material thinking as well as the socio-political conditions related to artistic, architectural and design based practices. Article received: December 12, 2016; Article accepted: January 10, 2017; Published online: April 20, 2017Original scholarly paperHow to cite this article: Stenslie, Stahl, and Magne Wiggen. "Preemptive Architecture: Explosive Art and Future Architectures in Cursed Urban Zones." AM Journal of Art and Media Studies 12 (2017): 29-39.
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Fraternali, Fernando, Narinder Singh, Ada Amendola, Gianmario Benzoni und Graeme W. Milton. „A biomimetic sliding–stretching approach to seismic isolation“. Nonlinear Dynamics 106, Nr. 4 (02.11.2021): 3147–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11071-021-06980-5.
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AbstractThere is growing demand in industrialized and developing countries to provide people and structures with effective earthquake protection. Here, we employ architectured material concepts and a bio-inspired approach to trail-blaze a new path to seismic isolation. We develop a novel seismic isolator whose unit cell is formed by linkages that replicate the bones of human limbs. Deformable tendons connect the limb members to a central post carrying the vertical load, which can slide against the bottom plate of the system. While the displacement capacity of the device depends only on the geometry of the limbs, its vibration period is tuned by dynamically stretching the tendons in the nonlinear stress–strain regime, so as to avoid resonance with seismic excitations. This biomimetic, sliding–stretching isolator can be scaled to seismically protect infrastructure, buildings, artworks and equipment with customized properties and sustainable materials. It does not require heavy industry or expensive materials and is easily assembled from metallic parts and 3D-printed components.
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Papavasileiou, Ioannis Galanopoulos. „Architectura Transtopica: Totems of a Journeyman“. European Journal of Fine and Visual Arts 1, Nr. 3 (22.07.2023): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejart.2023.1.3.15.
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The project Architectura Transtopica: Totems of a Journeyman argues in favour of using and interpreting fixed architectural structures as metaphors and symbols of expatriation. The primary inquiry of this paper is to consider how autobiographic re-enactments of lived experiences with architecture, triggered by non-country specific places, illustrate one’s life journey. Building on studies that are at the intersection of social and cultural studies, humanistic geography, evolutionary ecology, anthropology, art and architecture (Alahdadi, 2018; Avci et al., 2017; Kunz, 2016; Martin et al., 2015; Cotton, 2015; Mathur, 2011; Cresswell, 2006; Relph, 1977), I argue here that producing creative parallels of expatriation and the self in transience through fixed structures involves a concrete representational framework. In what follows, I offer insights on the conceptual fabrication, representational framework, and expanded photographic practices I followed for the completion of Architectura Transtopica. Drawing from practice and theory concepts synthetically, I present visual examples, complimented with an analysis on how fixed architectural structures can become emblematic in order to communicate the intricacies of expatriation and selfhood facing the self in transience.
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Monier, Vincent, Jean Claude Bignon und Gilles Duchanois. „Use of Irregular Wood Components to Design Non-Standard Structures“. Advanced Materials Research 671-674 (März 2013): 2337–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.671-674.2337.
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This project deals with architecture and engineering involved in the process of architectur- al design. Based on native irregular components, it aims at developing an innovative approach in the conception and rationalization of non-standard structures. Contemporary architecture and its non- classical structures require the design of customized pieces. This process which is highly energy and resources consumptive does not always take into account the inherent material properties. This pro- ject develops a way of optimizing, in architectural structures, the use of native wood pieces that are not industrially transformed (e.g. boughs) or of reused pieces of carpentry. As a consequence, the ecological footprint of the structures would be reduced.
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Xie, Xiaoying, und Qitong Wang. „Parameterization of Chinese Ancient Architecture on the Basis of Modulo Relationships“. SHS Web of Conferences 171 (2023): 03031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202317103031.
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Contemporary systems are trending toward 3D computer-aided design systems that integrate, network, and exhibit intelligence. The integration of parametric technology with ancient Chinese architecture can enhance the efficiency and quality of managing information on ancient buildings, thereby expanding the application scenarios of ancient architectural information models. By analyzing the construction characteristics of ancient Chinese carpentry work and modular systems, this research outlines the logic and methods for generating Chinese ancient architecture. The program’s parametric technology allows for adjusting variable parameters to produce carpentry work structures of varying scales and forms. Furthermore, this research establishes a library of parametric 3D components for ancient architecture, which can simplify the design process of contemporary antique architecture. Additionally, the parametrization of Chinese ancient architectures can function as an auxiliary tool for maintenance and repair techniques, serving as a storage mechanism for whole-life cycle information. This can enable the digital archiving of component information and model entities in an informative manner for managing existing ancient architectures.
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van der Velde, Frank, und Marc de Kamps. „Neural blackboard architectures of combinatorial structures in cognition“. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 29, Nr. 1 (Februar 2006): 37–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x06009022.
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Human cognition is unique in the way in which it relies on combinatorial (or compositional) structures. Language provides ample evidence for the existence of combinatorial structures, but they can also be found in visual cognition. To understand the neural basis of human cognition, it is therefore essential to understand how combinatorial structures can be instantiated in neural terms. In his recent book on the foundations of language, Jackendoff described four fundamental problems for a neural instantiation of combinatorial structures: the massiveness of the binding problem, the problem of 2, the problem of variables, and the transformation of combinatorial structures from working memory to long-term memory. This paper aims to show that these problems can be solved by means of neural “blackboard” architectures. For this purpose, a neural blackboard architecture for sentence structure is presented. In this architecture, neural structures that encode for words are temporarily bound in a manner that preserves the structure of the sentence. It is shown that the architecture solves the four problems presented by Jackendoff. The ability of the architecture to instantiate sentence structures is illustrated with examples of sentence complexity observed in human language performance. Similarities exist between the architecture for sentence structure and blackboard architectures for combinatorial structures in visual cognition, derived from the structure of the visual cortex. These architectures are briefly discussed, together with an example of a combinatorial structure in which the blackboard architectures for language and vision are combined. In this way, the architecture for language is grounded in perception. Perspectives and potential developments of the architectures are discussed.
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Issabayev, G. А. „ICANTILEVER ARCHITECTURAL STRUCTURES OF MODERN BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES WITH A UNIQUE IMAGE OF OVERCOMING GRAVITY“. Bulletin of Kazakh Leading Academy of Architecture and Construction 86, Nr. 4 (15.12.2022): 7–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.51488/1680-080x/2022.4-01.
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The article reveals the features of cantilever architectural structures on a number of examples from foreign and domestic author's architecture. The article reveals the features of cantilever architectural structures on a number of examples from foreign and domestic author's architecture. Architectural cantilever structures create a unique imagery of overcoming gravity and ignoring the static laws of building mechanics. Therefore, with the development of architectural and construction engineering technologies, modern architects have exceptional opportunities for designing buildings and structures with cantilever volumes of considerable size and weight. The objects of foreign and domestic architecture given in the article speak of the close collaboration of architects and designers, when the complex and laborious search for a special imagery of cantilever structures is inextricably linked with the tasks of a sustainable balance of extraordinary cantilever structures. From the given structural diagrams and volumetric compositional solutions of cantilever architecture objects, the following stand out: inclined "falling" type; solution in the form of a cantilever "loop"; "folding" of elongated buildings with cantilever extensions; "pulling" V -shaped in terms of design in a significant console. At the present stage in architectural and construction practice, such issues of the use of cantilever structures as: research in terms of optimizing their mass, taking into account stability; features of the impact of the design of cantilever structures in modern architecture; analysis of the structural safety of cantilever elements in conditions of extreme wind; cantilever structures in modern construction, etc. Images of buildings and structures that contradict the laws of statics become the leading volumetric compositional solution in a number of buildings of modern architecture.
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Nabilunnuha, M. B., S. Hervanda, G. E. Xian, A. Tjong, F. R. Indarti, N. E. Nuffida, A. Ardhyanto und D. Novianto. „Sustainability principle in Nusantara architecture: case study of the Tongkonan House, the Betawi Stage House, the Gadang House, and Lamin House“. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1007, Nr. 1 (01.03.2022): 012015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1007/1/012015.
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Abstract This study aims to analyze and identify the principles of sustainability in case studies of several traditional Indonesian architectures, or more specifically known as Nusantara Architecture. This paper discussed the identification, application of principal thinking, analysis, and observation through literature review and hypothesis. In these three case studies, which are the Tongkonan House, Panggung Betawi House, and Gadang House, we found that each building was represented by the choice of forms, materials, functions, and structures, which used the local resources, and as well as the meaning of architectural elements found in the details. During the modernization, the characteristics of the Nusantara Classical Architecture began to be applied to the current architecture which emerged as the Nusantara Contemporary Architecture. Through this paper, we encourage the complexity of architectural design knowledge that reflect the genius-logic, technological development, identity, lifestyle, ethical and aesthetic values of the Indonesian, which have been developed by the ancestors and it is important to always become a consideration and precedent for the architects, planners, and decision-makers in the future.
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De Llorens i Duran, Josep I., und Alfons Soldevila i Barbosa. „Características arquitectónicas de las construcciones textiles“. Informes de la Construcción 43, Nr. 413 (30.06.1991): 23–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/ic.1991.v43.i413.1375.
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Milosevic, Vuk, Veliborka Bogdanovic, Dragan Kostic und Miomir Vasov. „Teaching architectural structures with the aid of virtual tours“. Facta universitatis - series: Architecture and Civil Engineering 20, Nr. 1 (2022): 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuace220428007m.
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Architectural structures are one of the main components of architecture. This is the reason why they are taught at every architectural study programme. The Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture of the University of Nis is no exception to this. With its strong background in civil engineering, this faculty gives even more attention to the architectural structures than most, and this has proven in practice to be a great advantage for its students. With the rise and development of new technologies, architectural structures are also being innovated and upgraded. However, new methods for teaching architectural structures are still being explored and there has not yet been an established direction for innovations in teaching architectural structures. This paper aims to analyze possible techniques and tools that could be used in enhancing teaching methodologies of architectural structures with respect to modern technologies. The paper will first present the need for innovation in teaching of architectural structures in the context of digitalization. Then, virtual tours as one of the means of digitalization will be analyzed and discussed. Next, architectural structures as a topic will concisely be introduced and systematized. In addition to this, teaching of architectural structures at the Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture in Nis will be briefly displayed. Finally, the possibilities for using virtual tours in teaching architectural structures will be investigated. Special attention will be paid to analyzing benefits, as well as limitations and possible problems of such an approach. Based on this, conclusions about the use of virtual tours in teaching architectural structures will be drawn and presented.
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Franklin, Giovanna Formiga, Omar Hassan, El-Mahdi Halim, Pierre-Louis Taberna, Patrice Simon und Florence Duclairoir. „Electrochemical Development and Characterization By SECM of 2D Carbon-Based Materials Architectured for Energy Storage and Conversion“. ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, Nr. 12 (07.07.2022): 840. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-0112840mtgabs.
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With the fastly-growing social and commercial demands for portable electronic devices and the need for developing environmentally friendly high-power energy sources, new non-critical, non-toxic materials are currently being widely studied [1]. Electrochemical Double Layer Capacitors, also termed as supercapacitors, store energy electrostatically by charge separation at the high-surface-area porous carbon / electrolyte interface, by charging the electrochemical double layer [2]. Carbon-based materials are the most widely used electrode materials for EDLCs because of their desirable physical-chemical properties and low cost. Out of the various carbon structures explored as electrode materials, graphene appears to be a promising candidate thanks to its key properties [3]. In this work, in-depth electrochemical characterizations of 2-Dimensional graphene-based materials was achieved using Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy (SECM) technique to study local electrochemical properties: ionic transport and charge transfer properties. 2D carbon materials with tuned interlayer distance were prepared by bridging reduced graphene oxide (rGO) sheets using hexanediamine electroactive molecules acting as pillars. Pillared and non-pillared porous graphene hydrogel (6GH and GHG respectively) composed were also synthetized and tested. Those measurements gave insights about the electroactivity and conductivity of the material’s surface. Also, the influence of the nature and lengths of the pillar on the electrochemical performance have been studied. Preliminary results using conventional electrochemical techniques show that the specific capacitance of raw GHG (170 F g-1) was reduced down to 70F g-1 when adding 6 carbons-hexanediamine pillars during its hydrothermal synthesis to prepare the 6GH (pillared graphene hydrogel). For the rGO, the addition of pillars with different lengths resulted in an increase of specific capacitance from 100 F g-1 to rGO to 140 F g-1 for rGO pillared with 7 atoms pillar diamine pillar (7RP) and 130 F g-1 for rGO pillared with 8 atoms diamine pillar (8RP) . Then, SECM experiments in feedback mode allowed for a fast comparison of the change in local electrochemical activity for the different surfaces through redox reactions between the tip and the electrode surface for all developed materials. Fitting measured approach curves to simulated ones can be used to estimate rate coefficients, as suggested by Chang, Mirkin and Bard [5]. The effective rate coefficient (keff) values for the mediator regenerating surface reaction were estimated using Wittstock's method by fitting the approach curves recorded at different positions. A 10µm diameter platinum-disc microelectrode was the tip connected to the Bio-Logic SECM-150 bipotentiostat and responsible for the approach curve measurement. For the GHG, it was found a 2.3 10-2 cm s-1 effective constant, which is reduced to 1.6 1.8 10-2 cm s-1 for the 6GH. For the rGO, the keff has the value of 3.3 10-2 cm s-1. The next step is to define the effective constant for the pillared rGO 7RP and 8RP. This study contributed to define the key characteristics allowing for the use of electrodes for supercapacitors offering optimal performance in energy density and power density. 1- Zhang, Li Li; Zhao, X. S. Carbon-based materials as supercapacitor electrodes. , 38(9), 2520–0, 2009. 2- Jiang Yang, Sundaram Gunasekaran. Electrochemically reduced graphene oxide sheets for use in high performance supercapacitors,Carbon, 2013. 3- Zhu, Y.; Murali, S.; Stoller, M. D.; Ganesh, K. J.; Cai, W.; Ferreira, P. J.; Pirkle, A.; Wallace, R. M.; Cychosz, K. A.; Thommes, M. Carbon-Based Supercapacitors Produced by Activation of Graphene, 2011. 4-TAKAHASHI, Yasufumi. Development of High-Resolution Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy for Nanoscale Topography and Electrochemical Simultaneous Imaging. Electrochemistry, 2016. 5- C. Wei, A.J. Bard, M.V. Mirkin, Scanning electrochemical microscopy. 31. Application of SECM to study of charge transfer processes at the liquid/liquid interface, J. Phys. Chem. 99 Figure 1
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Alhussein, Akram, Sofiane Achache, Regis Deturche und Sami Rtimi. „Architectured Cu–TNTZ Bilayered Coatings Showing Bacterial Inactivation under Indoor Light and Controllable Copper Release: Effect of the Microstructure on Copper Diffusion“. Coatings 10, Nr. 6 (19.06.2020): 574. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10060574.
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A Ti–23Nb–0.7Ta–2Zr–1.2O alloy (at %), called “gum metal”, was deposited by direct-current magnetron sputtering (DCMS) on an under layer of copper. By varying the working pressure during the deposition, columnar TNTZ (Ti–Nb–Ta–Zr) nanoarchitectures were obtained. At low working pressures, the upper layer was dense with a coarse surface (Ra = 12 nm) with a maximum height of 163 nm; however, the other samples prepared at high working pressures showed columnar architectures with voids and an average roughness of 4 nm. The prepared coatings were characterized using atomic force microscopy (AFM) for surface topography, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) for atomic mapping, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for cross-section imaging, contact angle measurements for hydrophilic/hydrophobic balance of the prepared surfaces, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) for the crystallographic structures of the prepared coatings. The morphology and the density of the prepared coatings were seen to influence the hydrophilic properties of the surface. The antibacterial activity of the prepared coatings was tested in the dark and under low-intensity indoor light. Bacterial inactivation was seen to happen in the dark from samples presenting columnar nanoarchitectures. This was attributed to the diffusion of copper ions from the under layer. To verify the copper release from the prepared samples, an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) was used. Additionally, the atomic depth profiling of the elements was carried out by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) for the as-prepared samples and for the samples used for bacterial inactivation. The low amount of copper in the bulk of the TNTZ upper layer justifies its diffusion to the surface. Recycling of the antibacterial activity was also investigated and revealed a stable activity over cycles.
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Al-khafaji, Ali Muhsen Jaafer, und Tamara Adel Mahmoud. „Biological Structure in Contemporary Architecture Work of Architect Caltrava a Model“. Journal of Engineering 25, Nr. 2 (31.01.2019): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2019.02.10.
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Theoretical trends have appeared Which posed the concept of biological structures in contemporary architecture concept, Spread through the emergence of architectural production that reflect and indicate the nature of the construction structures based on the ideas and principles of biological structures in biological science: Despite the emergence of many architectural proposals that tried to explain the concept in the field of architecture, but it is not dealt with in depth and not given a comprehensive definition: So there was need to search for the concept and its beginning in the biological field as a general framework down to the field of architecture for the purpose of reducing the limits of their search framework Through cognitive survey for the appearance of biological structures in production architectural that led to find previous studies to discover the knowledge gap and identify research problem which states( the presence of cognitive deficiencies demonstrates nature of the biological structures in contemporary architecture in general and in the work of architecture caltrava specially) and was determined a goal of research ( Build a conceptual framework illustrates the nature of the biological structures in contemporary architecture in general and in the work of architecture caltrava specially ) and this need requests it theoretical framework has been drawn from asset of architectural studies. Two main vocabulary (simulated biological, biological structures properties,) and application this vocabulary on three projects for Caltrava then subtract search results and to reach final conclusions and recommendations.
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van der Velde, Frank, und Marc de Kamps. „From neural dynamics to true combinatorial structures“. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 29, Nr. 1 (Februar 2006): 88–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x06399025.
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Various issues concerning the neural blackboard architectures for combinatorial structures are discussed and clarified. They range from issues related to neural dynamics, the structure of the architectures for language and vision, and alternative architectures, to linguistic issues concerning the language architecture. Particular attention is given to the nature of true combinatorial structures and the way in which information can be retrieved from them in a productive and systematic manner.
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Özçakı, Meltem. „Çağdaş Cami Mimarisi Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme“. BORDER CROSSING 8, Nr. 1 (01.06.2018): 133–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/bc.v8i1.584.
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Religious buildings, since the very early ages, are structured through time in accordance with the social structures, changing belief systems, cultural differences, and technological developments. Each civilization studied the period prior to them, benefited from the past knowledge, and developed their own authentic architecture. An evaluation of the contemporary Turkish mosques shows that, instead of building through an understanding of past buildings, replicating structures have been built. Considering the number and characteristics of these practices, it is important that only a few mosques constitute architectural examples. The article examines the reasons why small number of modern mosques has been built whilst the new built mosques replicate the old architectural designs. The issue is discussed with reference to the idea of an “unchanging mosque typology; idealizing a particular era and style; ignoring the developments in technology and material resources; continuing with the accustomed style”. Throughout the concepts such as Islamic Architecture, Ottoman Architecture, social structure, aesthetic perception, meaning, material resources, approaches in ideological and design realms, the longing for past and criticism of the global are used. In the article, a project for Halide Edip Adıvar Complex National Architectural Project Competition is highlighted as a case which is designed by team members: Meltem Özçakı (leader), Yağız Ezer, Ali Derya Mutlu, Büşra Şık, Ecem Kocaarslan, Canan Ganiç and assistants: Mahmut Nimetoğlu, Kübra Çelik. The article ends with a commentary on traditional structures in the context of contemporary opportunities available through new technologies and materials.
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Steindl, Gernot, Martin Stagl, Lukas Kasper, Wolfgang Kastner und Rene Hofmann. „Generic Digital Twin Architecture for Industrial Energy Systems“. Applied Sciences 10, Nr. 24 (13.12.2020): 8903. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10248903.
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Digital Twins have been in the focus of research in recent years, trying to achieve the vision of Industry 4.0. In the domain of industrial energy systems, they are applied to facilitate a flexible and optimized operation. With the help of Digital Twins, the industry can participate even stronger in the ongoing renewable energy transition. Current Digital Twin implementations are often application-specific solutions without general architectural concepts and their structures and namings differ, although the basic concepts are quite similar. For this reason, we analyzed concepts, architectures, and frameworks for Digital Twins in the literature to develop a technology-independent Generic Digital Twin Architecture (GDTA), which is aligned with the information technology layers of the Reference Architecture Model Industry 4.0 (RAMI4.0). This alignment facilitates a common naming and understanding of the proposed architectural structure. A proof-of-concept shows the application of Semantic Web technologies for instantiating the proposed GDTA for a use case of a Packed-Bed Thermal Energy Storage (PBTES).
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Li, Shao Hong. „Study on Architectural Art of the Former German Governor’s Residence in Qingdao“. Advanced Materials Research 450-451 (Januar 2012): 310–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.450-451.310.
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The Former German Governor’s Residence in Qingdao was by far the most spectacular building in residential architectures on the German Colonial period. This article studied architectural art of the Former German Governor’s Residence from architectural plan layout, building facades decorating, building structures and materials, and made these three respects compare with the Chinese traditional residential architecture. The architectural plan layout was in common about separate house on the German Colonial period, it inherited the German romantic style of the traditional residential buildings since the 16th century; its facades kept different and changeful; but primary and secondary clear, gorgeous, lively and dignified. The architectural structure was brick stone and wood hybrid construction. In this eclectic style of the building could be seen Germany was one of the birthplaces of the Modern Movement, and it had begun to explore using modern materials and new technologies, but its architectural forms was still the old form.
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Nick, Christoph, Sandeep Yadav, Ravi Joshi, Christiane Thielemann und Jörg J. Schneider. „Growth and structural discrimination of cortical neurons on randomly oriented and vertically aligned dense carbon nanotube networks“. Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 5 (17.09.2014): 1575–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.5.169.
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The growth of cortical neurons on three dimensional structures of spatially defined (structured) randomly oriented, as well as on vertically aligned, carbon nanotubes (CNT) is studied. Cortical neurons are attracted towards both types of CNT nano-architectures. For both, neurons form clusters in close vicinity to the CNT structures whereupon the randomly oriented CNTs are more closely colonised than the CNT pillars. Neurons develop communication paths via neurites on both nanoarchitectures. These neuron cells attach preferentially on the CNT sidewalls of the vertically aligned CNT architecture instead than onto the tips of the individual CNT pillars.
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Ordóñez Salinas, Sonia, und Alba Consuelo Nieto Lemus. „A model of multilayer tiered architecture for big data“. Sistemas y Telemática 14, Nr. 37 (05.08.2016): 23–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.18046/syt.v14i37.2257.
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Until recently, the issue of analytical data was related to Data Warehouse, but due to the necessity of analyzing new types of unstructured data, both repetitive and non-repetitive, Big Data arises. Although this subject has been widely studied, there is not available a reference architecture for Big Data systems involved with the processing of large volumes of raw data, aggregated and non-aggregated. There are not complete proposals for managing the lifecycle of data or standardized terminology, even less a methodology supporting the design and development of that architecture. There are architectures in small-scale, industrial and product-oriented, which limit their scope to solutions for a company or group of companies, focused on technology but omitting the functionality. This paper explores the requirements for the formulation of an architectural model that supports the analysis and management of data: structured, repetitive and non-repetitive unstructured; there are some architectural proposals –industrial or technological type– to propose a logical model of multi-layered tiered architecture, which aims to respond to the requirements covering both Data Warehouse and Big Data.
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Thapa, Rena. „Rhythm in Architecture: an Aesthetic Appeal“. Journal of the Institute of Engineering 13, Nr. 1 (22.06.2018): 206–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jie.v13i1.20368.
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It is a discourse that exhibits the presence of rhythm in visual art, especially the architecture that holds strong aesthetic appeal. In this paper, the introduction part focuses on how rhythm generally reinforces aesthetic experiences in human sensory. Rhythm in architecture means recurrence of elements such as lines, shapes, forms or colors resulting on organized movement in space and time. I have taken the best analogy and examples of rhythm present in nature which has been formulated by scientist as Fibonacci number. I have tried to show architectures incorporating rhythm in different epoch of human civilization around the globe that have been popular and remarkable till the date. These architectural monuments have become aesthetic timeless entity, such as pyramids in Egypt, Parthenon in Greece, gothic architecture of medieval Europe, Tajmahal in India, Hindu temples and Buddha stupas in Nepal etc. Similarly modern architecture has been in equal focus in this article despite its unique and functional structures. The paper has been concluded with the strong statement that however the sense of beauty is shaped by cultural experience, rhythm is frequently desired with architectural compositions. These qualities are often universally admired and celebrated irrespective of time and place.Journal of the Institute of Engineering, 2017, 13(1): 206-214
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Teuscher, Christof, Natali Gulbahce und Thimo Rohlf. „An Assessment of Random Dynamical Network Automata for Nanoelectronics“. International Journal of Nanotechnology and Molecular Computation 1, Nr. 4 (Oktober 2009): 58–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jnmc.2009120904.
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Highly structured mesh- or crossbar-like nanoscale architectures have been proposed in the past as possible alternatives to the von Neumann computing architecture. While the top-down engineered semi-conducting technology favors regular and locally interconnected structures, emerging bottom-up self-assembled devices tend to be unstructured and heterogeneous because of the current lack of precise control over these processes. In this paper, we survey and assess two types of random dynamical networks, namely Random Boolean Networks (RBNs) and Random Threshold Networks (RTNs), as candidates for alternative computing architectures and models for future nanoscale information processing devices. In a high-level approach that is based on previous work, we illustrate that they have the potential to offer superior properties over highly structured architectures, such as an inherent and scale-invariant robustness, more efficient communication capabilities, and manufacturing benefits. Our investigation is driven by the need for alternative computing and manufacturing paradigms to mitigate some of the challenges traditional approaches face.
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Gabovich, Valeriya M. „ARCHITECTURE IN PAINTING: THE PREDELLA OF 15TH CENTURY SIENESE POLYPTYCHS“. RSUH/RGGU Bulletin. "Literary Theory. Linguistics. Cultural Studies" Series, Nr. 1 (2022): 134–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2686-7249-2022-1-134-144.
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Architectural structures are often found in both in the monumen- tal and in the easel painting of Siena in the 15th century, but it is in the predella polyptychs that they enter into dialogue with human figures, creating harmo- nious compositions or original contrasts. In some works, they serve as a deco- rative background for narrative scenes, while in others they become integral parts of them. This article demonstrates that, despite the strong attachment of the Sienese artists of the Quattrocento era to the medieval tradition, it is in the predella polyptychs of the 15th century that innovations in the field of depicting architectural structures are adopted. Through the examination of a number of scenes from the predella of the sienese polyptychs, it became obvious that it was in the architectura picta that artists had greater freedom and depicted architec- tural innovations that had not yet been reflected in actual Sienese architecture. There are many predella fragments depicting architectural structures, but they have not been fully documented. The brief excursion reported in this study aims to review the most representative samples, organize them chronologically and analyze their evolution through almost the entire 15th century.
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Tkachuk, Angelina, Dmitriy Panfilov, Stepan Artyschenko und Anton Chigarev. „Ractal structures in architectural design“. E3S Web of Conferences 376 (2023): 03003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202337603003.
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The high rate of urbanization in the modern world requires a conscious approach to architectural design. A person needs an environment that fills him with new strength and does not drown out his creative potential with monotonous routine. Due to its natural feature, fractal architecture meets these requirements. The article examines the signs of fractal systems in relation to architecture, highlights the concept - "the principle of fragmentation of a fractal", the term "self-similarity" is broader. In addition, the existing experience of fractal architecture has been analyzed, and the relationship between fractality and the success of the project has been revealed using the example of existing objects. The materials of this article can serve for the further development of the theory of creating fractal architecture.
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Francalanci, Chiara, und Vincenzo Piuri. „Designing Information Technology Architectures: A Cost-Oriented Methodology“. Journal of Information Technology 14, Nr. 2 (Juni 1999): 181–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026839629901400207.
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This paper proposes a design methodology of information technology architectures tying organizational requirements to technical choices and costs. The primary goal is to provide a structured support for the selection of the minimum-cost architecture satisfying given organizational requirements. Previous empirical studies have attempted absolute cost comparisons of different architectural solutions, primarily relying on the expertise of practitioners and a priori beliefs, but have rarely taken into account the impact of organizational requirements on costs. Requirements are modelled as information processes, composed of tasks exchanging information and characterized by varying levels of computational complexity. Different architectural distributions of presentation, computation and data management applications are compared. The cost implications of organizational requirements for processing intensity, communication intensity and networking are analysed. The results show a relationship between structural features of information processes and architectural costs and indicate how architectural design should be based on organizational as well as technology considerations.
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Manterola Armisén, J. „La estructura resistente en la arquitectura actual“. Informes de la Construcción 50, Nr. 456-457 (30.10.1998): 15–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/ic.1998.v50.i456-457.884.
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Wu, Ling Ling, Hao Yue Zhang, Cui Ping Guo und Fang Song. „Bio-Inspired Hierarchical Porous TiO<sub>2</sub> for Photodegradation of Organic Pollutant under Solar Irradiation“. Key Engineering Materials 922 (08.06.2022): 215–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-23hf7e.
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Photo-degradation of organic pollutants is of immense importance for environmental protection. The key is low-cost photocatalysts of high efficiency. Templating approach is attractive to gain hierarchical porous photocatalysts with high surface area, while is usually stuck by the limited types of desirable templates, in particular those with sophisticated microstructures. Herein, we showed a bio-inspired templating strategy that was applied to fabricate an efficient TiO2 photocatalyst with a unique hierarchical porous structure. Taking rape-pollen grains as a typical example of bio-templates, a process combining hydrothermal treatment with calcination was developed to grow TiO2 nanoparticles of 6-14 nm on the templates and subsequently to remove the organic biotemplates. As-obtained TiO2 were micro-sized spheres or ellipsoids that were surrounded by open tubular arrays. The surface area was as large as ~175 m2/g. For photodegradation, the rape-pollen-grains-architectured TiO2 has a rate (k) of 0.150 min-1, which is 10.9 times faster than the non-templated TiO2. The superior photocatalytic activity should be ascribed to the unique hierarchical porous structures, which provided interconnected channels for efficient mass transport and a large surface area for fast reaction. Our work demonstrates an effective method, namely bioinspired templating, for the scalable synthesis of efficient photocatalysts. Considering the structural diversity of pollen grains, this work may inspire others on the research of photo-response materials that rely on morphology optimization.
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Attenni, Martina. „Informative Models for Architectural Heritage“. Heritage 2, Nr. 3 (23.07.2019): 2067–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage2030125.
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BIM (Building Information Modeling) processes are the most effective way to know existing architectural structures, integrating the most advanced potentials of 3D modeling and the structured storage of heterogeneous information. Many HBIM (Heritage Building Information Modeling) applications lead to the systematization of survey data, even though a univocal working method is not yet clearly defined. This research considers the decomposition of architecture, based on structured criteria, and its reconstruction, through ideal models, as the main moments of the HBIM process. This hypothesis is verified through a procedure that links the survey 3D data with the characteristics of the ideal HBIM model, which allows a continuous comparison between the project model and as-built. The research provides for the setting up of a general methodology that, according to a growing approach to the complexity of the analyzed buildings, compares the process followed on two architectural structures. The study analyzes some important HBIM issues: The relationship between the semantic modeling and the surfaces’ continuity of architectural heritage; the relationship between the elements standardization, geometric irregularities, and material heterogeneity; the reliability of the built models; and the evaluation of the gap between an ideal model and the objective accuracy of surveying.
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Oyadokun, J. O., O. O. Odunjo und O. A. Akindele. „Comparative Analysis of Academic Performance of Architecture Students in Building Structures and Architectural Designs in Southwestern Public Universities in Nigeria“. international journal of Education, Learning and Development 11, Nr. 9 (15.08.2023): 46–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.37745/ijeld.2013/vol11n94656.
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Building structures and Architecture designs are major and compulsory courses in the study of Architecture. The knowledge obtained in Building structures is applied in Architectural designs. However, students’ performances in Building structures courses have been observed to be generally low and what is not known is if there is low performance in Architectural designs also. This study therefore carried out a comparative analysis of academic performance of Architecture students in Building structures and Architectural designs courses in Southwestern Nigerian public Universities in order to improve on students’ performances on these courses. The study was a descriptive survey that involved questionnaire, five public universities approved by the National Universities Commission and Architects Registration Council of Nigeria namely: FUTA, LAUTECH, OAU, UNILAG and OOU were purposively sampled. A total of 702 questionnaires were administered to all the pre-final and final year students in the Department of Architecture of the sampled universities, while only 541 questionnaires were adequately completed and considered fit for analysis. Cross tabulation with chi-square was used to summarize the data. Pearson Product Moment Correlation was employed to show the relationship between Building structure knowledge and Architectural designs performance, while Regression analysis was used to assess the effect of the two courses on students’ performances. The study revealed that there was a significant relationship between the knowledge of Building structure and students’ performance in Architectural designs as the students progressed in their studies (r=0.641; p=0.046). The study concluded that the depth of knowledge in Building Structures is a function of good performance in Architectural designs, when all other factors leading to good Architectural Designs expertise are kept in place.
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Bianco, Lino. „Architecture, Engineering and Building Science: The Contemporary Relevance of Vitruvius’s De Architectura“. Sustainability 15, Nr. 5 (24.02.2023): 4150. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15054150.
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Conferences worldwide focus on a range of disciplines relating to the construction of the built environment. They tend to emphasize either the art or the science of building, the former focusing on architectural theory and design while the latter targets a range of topics from civil and/or building engineering to building physics. Vitruvius’s De Architectura Libri Decem is a seminal treatise more than two millennia old which addresses these themes in a holistic manner. This text remains valid today for students and professionals engaged in architecture and building engineering. Translated as Ten Books on Architecture, it not only presents an overall view of the disciplines of town planning, architecture and civil engineering, along with the qualifications required to practice them, but also addresses building materials, civil-engineering structures and the science influencing buildings. Although grounded in the practice and technology of Ancient Rome, the principles put forward in this treatise are still valid nowadays for effective, sustainable architectural-engineering design based on rigorous education and good knowledge of building materials and construction. Vitruvius’s definition of architecture—the one still customarily used—is an inclusive philosophical statement on the essence of building for humanity to house humanity. It recalls the symbiotic relation between architecture and building engineering that is often forgotten in the contemporary emphasis on specialization.
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Machado e Moura, Carlos. „Luiz Cunha, “international but brief” [and pop!]“. Joelho Revista de Cultura Arquitectonica, Nr. 10 (22.12.2019): 41–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/1647-8681_10_3.
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Luiz Cunha (1933-2019) is recognised for his singular and eclectic architecture, which stands out in the Portuguese context, as well as for his production as a highly skilled draughtsman and a passionate painter. His extensive body of work has received a certain attention and research and his production is read as part of a movement for the renovation of religious architecture, as an individual creative expression, or as part of a fantasist trend towards postmodern Portuguese architecture. Lesser attention, however, was devoted to his writings, drawings, unbuilt projects and unbuildable paper architectures. An analysis of that corpus reveals a surprising production especially in the early years of his career; he was an attentive spectator of the international debate and, more importantly, a translator of some of these ideas into Portuguese reality.Based on graphical documentation, writings, and a long personal conversation, this article proposes a rereading of Cunha's activity, focusing on his exploration of pop expression through a) drawing — merging the aesthetics and the mechanics of comics and cartoon into architectural representation, b) buildings — employing a formal techno-pop repertoire and experimenting with complex structures, always with a distinct sense of humour and c) architectural discourse — entering the international debate on megastructures and capsules of the time, while actively promoting Portuguese architecture. Analysed chronologically, this production allows a retracing of the evolution of Cunha’s thinking and reveals a figure who is “international but brief” — in Nuno Portas’ expression — constantly halfway between regional architecture and space-age capsules.