Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema „Arabis – Reproduction (biologie)“
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1
Aboulghar, Mohamed, Gamal I. Serour und Ragaa T. Mansour. „Ethical aspects and regulation of assisted reproduction in the Arabic-speaking world“. Reproductive BioMedicine Online 14 (Januar 2007): 143–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1472-6483(10)60749-3.
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Arbaeen, Ahmad Fawzi, und Mohammad Shahid Iqbal. „Anemia Burden among Hospital Attendees in Makkah, Saudi Arabia“. Anemia 2022 (22.04.2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4709119.
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Background. Anemia is a major health problem in Saudi Arabia and has multiple etiologies. Many studies have been conducted in Saudi Arabia in specific population groups like school children, adolescents, university students, and females in the reproductive age group, and most have reported high prevalence of anemia. This study was conducted in a specialist hospital in Makkah city and includes all outpatients aged 15 years and above. Objective. To study the burden of anemia among hospital attendees, its stratification based on gender and age, and its severity along with the morphological types of anemia. Methods. This is a study conducted at a specialist hospital in Makkah city and one-month data were collected retrospectively from the laboratory database and include demographic and routine hematological results of complete blood count (CBC). Results. A total of 21,524 patients were included, out of which 9444 (43.9%) were males and 12020 (56.1%) were females. The overall prevalence of anemia was 38.7% (8339). Prevalence was very high in females, accounting for 68.2% (5689), whereas it was 31.8% (2650) in males. There were 39.6% (3301), 43.9% (3657), and 16.6% (1381) cases of mild, moderate, and severe anemia, respectively. In females, anemia was more prevalent in the age group of 15 to 49, which is considered as the reproductive age group. Microcytic anemia was the most prevalent type observed in this age group, accounting for 40.7% of all anemia cases. Normocytic anemia was more prevalent in the males, accounting for 52%. Conclusion. Our study showed high prevalence of anemia among the patients attending outpatient departments in a specialist hospital. Females have high prevalence of anemia when compared to male population. Microcytic anemia was the most common anemia type among females and was seen in the 15–49 age group. There is an increase in prevalence of anemia with age for males, whereas, in females, increased prevalence is observed in the reproductive age groups and the anemia prevalence maintained a steady decrease towards the 5th to the 9th decades. Normocytic anemia was more prevalent in the 5th to the 9th decades, indicating that there are more etiologies other than iron deficiency in the causation of anemia. Macrocytic anemia was the least reported anemia type. Anemia of mild and moderate severity was predominant in both genders, although severe anemia showed higher prevalence in females as compared to males. Conclusion. Anemia is highly prevalent in adolescents, adults, and the elderly in Makkah region. The most common cause is thought to be iron deficiency, although other causes are not uncommon. The authorities need to address the problem of prevention and reduction in anemia prevalence by taking effective measures and interventions.
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Shestak, Viktor A., Alyona D. Tsyplakova und Ivan V. Kholikov. „LEGAL SITUATION REGARDING ASSESSED REPRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES IN MUSLIM COUNTRIES“. Siberian Journal of Life Sciences and Agriculture 15, Nr. 1 (28.02.2023): 435–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2658-6649-2023-15-1-435-453.
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Background. The assessed reproduction technologies (ART) often involve a range of controversial ethical and legal issues that are inspiring for research.
Purpose. Comprehensive study on ways to use certain types of technologies.
Materials. This paper provides with research of a legal framework of the ART based on the legislation of 13 Muslim countries: Oman, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Morocco, Jordan, the UAE, Malaysia, Iran, Lebanon, Egypt, Algeria, Tunisia and Turkey.
Results. Due to a range of religious, ethical, legal and social reasons access to the ART was prohibited, but in recent decades mujtahids and fakihs have come to conclusion that for the sake of national prosperity and sustainable development of the ummah medically assisted reproduction may be permissible under certain conditions and must be regulated by laws and correspond to fatwas. The limits of usage of certain technologies have common tendency in gulf countries and the Northern Africa. Nevertheless, some other Muslim countries (e.g., Iran and Malaysia) address this issue in a more detailed and open-minded way.
Conclusion. Although there’re legal mechanisms and tools for a broader interpretation and a wider interpretation despite critical opinion of theologies and restricted nature of so-called «gates of al-ijtihad», because they are based on established years ago institutes an, in fact, don’t contradict the foundations of Qur’an and Sunnah. However, features of Muslim law remain.
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Alshammari, Fehaid Salem. „A Mathematical Model to Investigate the Transmission of COVID-19 in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia“. Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2020 (10.10.2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9136157.
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Since the first confirmed case of SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) on March 02, 2020, Saudi Arabia has not reported quite a rapid COVD-19 spread as seen in America and many European countries. Possible causes include the spread of asymptomatic COVID-19 cases. To characterize the transmission of COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia, a susceptible, exposed, symptomatic, asymptomatic, hospitalized, and recovered dynamical model was formulated, and a basic analysis of the model is presented including model positivity, boundedness, and stability around the disease-free equilibrium. It is found that the model is locally and globally stable around the disease-free equilibrium when R 0 < 1 . The model parameterized from COVID-19 confirmed cases reported by the Ministry of Health in Saudi Arabia (MOH) from March 02 till April 14, while some parameters are estimated from the literature. The numerical simulation showed that the model predicted infected curve is in good agreement with the real data of COVID-19-infected cases. An analytical expression of the basic reproduction number R 0 is obtained, and the numerical value is estimated as R 0 ≈ 2.7 .
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Alwasel, S. H., Z. Abotalib, J. S. Aljarallah, C. Osmond, S. M. Alkharaz, I. M. Alhazza, A. Harrath, K. Thornburg und D. J. P. Barker. „Secular increase in placental weight in Saudi Arabia“. Placenta 32, Nr. 5 (Mai 2011): 391–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.placenta.2011.02.007.
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Al-Aqeel, A. I., W. Qubash und C. Serdar. „P-45 Pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) for genetic disorders in Saudi Arabia“. Reproductive BioMedicine Online 26 (Mai 2013): S44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1472-6483(13)60108-x.
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Sultan, H., S. SenGupta, R. Noble und JC Harper. „Islamic ethical and legal framework and current practice of PGD/PGS and PND in Saudi Arabia“. Reproductive BioMedicine Online 18 (Januar 2009): S—31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1472-6483(10)61264-3.
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Hafez, Abdulwahab M., und Naeem Abbas. „Biological Fitness Cost, Demographic Growth Characteristics, and Resistance Mechanism in Alpha-Cypermethrin-Resistant Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae)“. Biology 12, Nr. 7 (19.07.2023): 1021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology12071021.
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Musca domestica L., a pest of animals and humans, has developed resistance to alpha-cypermethrin, a pyrethroid insecticide commonly used to control medically important pests in many countries, including Saudi Arabia. We investigated the mechanism underlying the development of alpha-cypermethrin resistance and life history characteristics of alpha-cypermethrin–susceptible (Alpha-SS) and alpha-cypermethrin-resistant (Alpha-RS) M. domestica using the age-stage, two-sex life table theory, which is crucial for developing a future rational management strategy and minimizing the negative effects of alpha-cypermethrin on the environment. Our results showed that Alpha-RS M. domestica had a 405.93-fold increase in resistance to alpha-cypermethrin relative to Alpha-SS M. domestica. This increase in the resistance toward insecticide was attributed to metabolic enzymes, such as glutathione S-transferases, specific esterases, and cytochrome P450 monooxygenases. Furthermore, Alpha-RS M. domestica exhibited lower relative fitness (0.50), longevity, survival rate, life expectancy, reproductive values, intrinsic rate of increase, net reproductive rate, fecundity, maternity, and finite rate of increase, along with shorter larval, female preadult, and adult durations than Alpha-SS M. domestica, indicating fitness costs associated with most parameters. However, no significant differences were found between the strains in the following parameters: egg, pupa, and male preadult durations; adult preoviposition, total preoviposition, and oviposition periods; female ratio; and total generation time. Additionally, Alpha-RS M. domestica had a markedly lower intrinsic rate of increase, net reproductive rate, and finite rate of increase than Alpha-SS M. domestica. The results of this study suggest that alpha-cypermethrin resistance may lead to dominant fitness costs in M. domestica. Overall, these findings will aid in the development of rational control strategies for M. domestica as well as help to reduce pesticide pollution.
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Imoedemhe, Daniel A. G., Omer A. Mahgoub, Abdel Hamid Wafik, Roger C. W. Chan, Alejandro B. Sigue und Virginia V. Reyes. „The human in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer program at the Soliman Fakeeh Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia“. Journal of In Vitro Fertilization and Embryo Transfer 5, Nr. 1 (Februar 1988): 52–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01138875.
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Assaeed, Abdulaziz M., Basharat A. Dar, Abdullah A. Al-Doss, Saud L. Al-Rowaily, Jahangir A. Malik und Ahmed M. Abd-ElGawad. „Phenotypic Plasticity Strategy of Aeluropus lagopoides Grass in Response to Heterogenous Saline Habitats“. Biology 12, Nr. 4 (05.04.2023): 553. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology12040553.
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Understanding the response variation of morphological parameters and biomass allocation of plants in heterogeneous saline environments is helpful in evaluating the internal correlation between plant phenotypic plasticity mechanism and biomass allocation. The plasticity of plants alters the interaction among individuals and their environment and consequently affects the population dynamics and aspects of community and ecosystem functioning. The current study aimed to assess the plasticity of Aeluropus lagopoides traits with variation in saline habitats. Understanding the habitat stress tolerance strategy of A. lagopoides is of great significance since it is one of the highly palatable forage grass in the summer period. Five different saline flat regions (coastal and inland) within Saudi Arabia were targeted, and the soil, as well as the morphological and physiological traits of A. lagopoides, were assessed. Comprehensive correlation analyses were performed to correlate the traits with soil, region, or among each other. The soil analysis revealed significant variation among the five studied regions for all measured parameters, as well as among the soil layers showing the highest values in the upper layer and decreased with the depth. Significant differences were determined for all tested parameters of the morphological and reproductive traits as well as for the biomass allocation of A. lagopoides, except for the leaf thickness. In the highly saline region, Qaseem, A. lagopoides showed stunted aerial growth, high root/shoot ratio, improved root development, and high biomass allocation. In contrast, the populations growing in the low saline region (Jizan) showed the opposite trend. Under the more stressful condition, like in Qaseem and Salwa, A. lagopoides produce low spikes in biomass and seeds per plant, compared to the lowest saline habitats, such as Jouf. There was no significant difference in physiological parameters except stomatal conductance (gs), which is highest in the Jizan region. In conclusion, the population of A. lagopoides is tolerant of harsh environments through phenotypic plasticity. This could be a candidate species to rehabilitate the saline habitats, considering saline agriculture and saline soil remediation.
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Saadeldin, I. M., B. H. Kim, B. Roibas da Torre, O. J. Koo, G. Jang und B. C. Lee. „58 ISOLATION OF BOVINE TROPHOBLAST AND ITS REPROGRAMMING BY NUCLEAR TRANSFER“. Reproduction, Fertility and Development 23, Nr. 1 (2011): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv23n1ab58.
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Nuclear transfer (NT) has been used to produce many cloned offspring using several types of cells, including embryonic cells. Even though inner cell mass cells have been used as donor karyoplast for producing cloned animals, there are few studies using trophoblast. In mice, clones were born by nuclear transfer of trophoblasts from the expanded blastocyst into enucleated oocytes as a trial to show the totipotency of both inner cell mass and trophectoderm cells isolated from blastocysts (Tsunoda and Kato 1998 J. Reprod. Fertil. 113, 181–184). However, bovine trophoblast cell (TC) lines have not been used in NT to date. The purpose of this study was to elucidate whether TC as donor cell can be reprogrammed in bovine enucleated oocyte and determine the relative abundance of interferon tau (IFNτ) expression in the resulting cloned preimplantational embryos. Hatched blastocysts produced by IVF were used to isolate TCs on mouse embryonic fibroblasts treated with mitomycin C as feeder cells. TCs and adult fibroblasts (AF, control group for NT) were microinjected to perivitelline space of in vitro mature enucleated oocytes and electrically fused. Reconstructed embryos were chemically activated and cultured in a 2-step chemically defined medium. Levels of IFNτ expression in IVF-, TC-, and AF-derived blastocysts were analyzed using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). IVF produced embryos were used as reference to analyze the linear progressive expression of IFNτ through mid-, expanded, and hatching blastocysts. As a result, TCs expressing IFNτ were successfully isolated and cultured on feeder layers. It grew as cell sheets of cuboidal epithelium with high proliferation capacity as a single colony originated from a small clump of cells measured 0.5 cm within 7 days of culture. TCs were reprogrammed in the enucleated oocytes to blastocyst with similar efficiency to AF (14.5% and 15.6%, respectively; P ≤ 0.05). RT-qPCR studies showed that IFNτ expression was higher in TC-derived blastocysts than IVF- and AF-derived blastocysts. Both IVF- and TC-derived blastocysts, showed progressive increase of IFNτ expression through the advancement of blastocyst development when it was compared to AF-derived blastocysts. In conclusion, using TCs expressing IFNτ as donor cell for bovine NT could increase the developmental competence of cloned embryos as indicated by progressive linear increase in IFNτ expression. This study was supported by grants from IPET (#109023-05-1-CG000), NRF (#M10625030005-10N250300510), MKE (#2009-67-10033839, #2009-67-10033805), and BK21 program. Saadeldin I. M. is supported by Islamic Development Bank (IDB) merit scholarship, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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Nakamura, Y., Y. Yamamoto, F. Usui, T. Ono, K. Takeda, K. Nirasawa, H. Kagami und T. Tagami. „150 THE DISTRIBUTION PATTERN OF PRIMORDIAL GERM CELLS IN EARLY CHICK EMBRYOS“. Reproduction, Fertility and Development 19, Nr. 1 (2007): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv19n1ab150.
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In all vertebrates, primordial germ cells (PGCs) appear during early stages of development in extragonadal sites, then they migrate to the gonad and give rise to ova or spermatozoa. Unlike in other species, however, in avian and reptile embryos, PGCs use the vascular system as a vehicle to transport them to the future gonadal region where they leave the blood vessels. The present study was carried out to know the details of this unique migration pathway and the proliferation of endogenous PGCs in chicken embryos. Whole of the chicken embryos during stages X [Roman numerals refer to the staging system of Eyal-Giladi and Kochav (1976 Dev. Biol. 49, 321–327) to 17 (Arabic numerals refer to the staging system of Hamburger and Hamilton (1951 J. Morphol. 88, 49-82))] or embryonic blood during stages 12 to 17 were immunohistochemical stained using specific antibody raised against chicken vasa homolog (CVH), which could be recognized as a marker for chicken PGCs. The distribution patterns and populations of PGCs in embryos were observed under a stereomicroscope. The numbers of PGCs were presented mean and standard deviation (mean � SD). Anti-CVH staining revealed the distribution and population of chicken PGCs in early chick embryos. PGCs existed mainly in the area pellucida and concentrated in the central zone at stage X. The mean number of PGCs per embryo at this stage was 130.4 � 31.9. With the formation of primitive streak, PGCs were carried anteriorly to the edge of the blastoderm. The PGCs scattered anteriorly began to concentrate to the anterior point of the head on the dorsal side of stage 10 embryos. The average number of PGCs per embryo at stage 10 was 439.3 � 93.6. The mean numbers of PGCs per embryo during stages X to 10 increased gradually as development progressed to stage 10. We found the entrance point of PGCs from anterior edge of the blastoderm to the vascular network during stages 10 to 11. In the blood, PGCs could be detected from all of the samples during stages 12 to 17. In contrast, no PGC was recognized in the future gonadal region before stage 14, and then they began to appear in the same region at stage 15. The mean numbers of PGCs that located in the future gonadal region during stages 15 to 17 increased intensively and were 97.3 � 57.3, 200.3 � 113.5, and 327.6 � 102.4, respectively. Interestingly, the numbers of PGCs within future gonadal region during stages 15 to 17 were consistently and significantly different (P < 0.05) between the left and right side of the region. The results suggest that chicken PGCs move from extraembryonic area to the vascular network during stages 10 to 11, circulate in the blood stream, and finally, they begin to leave the blood vessels actively and migrate to the future gonadal region at stage 15.
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Okashah, Sarah, Taghreed Abunada und Hatem Zayed. „Genetic epidemiology of male infertility (MI) in Arabs: a systematic review“. Reproduction, Fertility and Development, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd21343.
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Fischer, Julia, James P. Higham, Susan C. Alberts, Louise Barrett, Jacinta C. Beehner, Thore J. Bergman, Alecia J. Carter et al. „Insights into the evolution of social systems and species from baboon studies“. eLife 8 (12.11.2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/elife.50989.
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Baboons, members of the genus Papio, comprise six closely related species distributed throughout sub-Saharan Africa and southwest Arabia. The species exhibit more ecological flexibility and a wider range of social systems than many other primates. This article summarizes our current knowledge of the natural history of baboons and highlights directions for future research. We suggest that baboons can serve as a valuable model for complex evolutionary processes, such as speciation and hybridization. The evolution of baboons has been heavily shaped by climatic changes and population expansion and fragmentation in the African savanna environment, similar to the processes that acted during human evolution. With accumulating long-term data, and new data from previously understudied species, baboons are ideally suited for investigating the links between sociality, health, longevity and reproductive success. To achieve these aims, we propose a closer integration of studies at the proximate level, including functional genomics, with behavioral and ecological studies.
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El‐Esawi, Mohamed A., und Aisha A. Alayafi. „Enhancing the Biological Control of Mite Species Infesting Olive Trees through Application of Predatory Mite Agistemus exsertus Gonzalez (Acari: Stigmaeidae) and Eco‐Friendly Natural Compounds“. Physiologia Plantarum 175, Nr. 6 (November 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ppl.14097.
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AbstractOlive (Olea europaea L.) is a subtropical tree cultivated in arid, dry and temperate regions. Olive orchards in Al‐Jouf of Saudi Arabia are the largest worldwide and currently face harmful pest infestation. The present study aimed at evaluating the efficiency of the predatory mite Agistemus exsertus Gonzalez (Acari: Stigmaeidae) and the exogenously applied melatonin (MT), glycine betaine (GB) and 5‐aminolevulinic acid (ALA) as eco‐friendly approaches for enhancing the biological control of four mite species (Tegolophus hassani, Oxycenus niloticus, Aceria olivi and Tetranychus urticae) infesting olive trees in Al‐Jouf under laboratory and field conditions. Field experiment was conducted on 6‐year‐old Manzanillo olive trees grown in a private orchard farm in Al‐Jouf during two seasons, 2020 and 2021. Results revealed that A. exsertus developed successfully from egg to adult. The females of T. hassani, O. niloticus, A. olivi, and T. urticae required 7.36, 8.89, 9.98 and 8.38 days, respectively, to develop from egg to adult at 28°C and 65 ± 5% relative humidity. O. niloticus was the most preferred prey of A. exsertus. The net reproductive rate (R0) was 42.1, 38.7, 34.6 and 36.8 females/female/generation, the intrinsic rate of increase (rm) was 0.27, 0.26, 0.23 and 0.20 females/female/day, and the mean generation time (T) was 16.2, 17.1, 18.6 and 17.2 days when a predator consumed T. hassani, O. niloticus, A. olivi and T. urticae, respectively. The adult female consumed daily about 114 O. niloticus, 105 A. olivi, 95 T. hassani and 15.2 T. urticae individuals, respectively. A. exsertus proved to be an effective biocontrol agent against mites infesting olive trees. In addition, the exogenous application of 1 mM MT, 15 mM GB and 25 mg/L ALA, alone or in combination, caused significant mortality for the four mites. Application of these natural compounds, alone or in combination, also significantly enhanced the growth, relative water content, relative chlorophyll, content of flavonoid and nutrients, antioxidant enzymes activities, stress‐related genes expression and fruit yield and quality of the infested olive trees compared to non‐treated infested trees. This study is the first that demonstrates the efficiency of these eco‐friendly approaches for controlling mites infesting olive trees, and could be used as a replacement for the harmful chemical acaricides.