Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema „Arabic and Albanian“

Comparative studies of writing systems and script conversion tend to emphasize the extent of cultural re-orientation and the rapidity of implementation of Turkey's shift from the Arabic to the Roman script, but they rarely mention the period that led up to this change. As early as 1863, the Azeri playwright Ahunzade Mirza Fethali presented a proposal for a Latin orthography for Turkish, before the Cemiyet-i ilmiye-i Osmaniye (Ottoman Society of Science) in Istanbul. A second event in Ottoman script reform, though less well known than Ahunzade's proposal, was the adoption by many former members of the Cemiyet-i ilmiye-i Arnavudiye (Albanian Society of Science), in Istanbul, in 1879, of a Latin-based alphabet for Albanian. This “Stamboul Alphabet” was designed by Shemseddin Sami Bey and, unlike Ahunzade's proposal, was immediately acted upon and subsequently adopted by the new Albanian presses in Bucharest and Sofia, from which it spread through southern and central Albanian lands, all still under Ottoman rule.

Abstract Language is a live organism and as every other living being develops and is enriched with new words and terms, which enter the life of society together with the new tool, i.e. they enter in and mix with the order of Albanian words. Such a thing is inevitable and in some cases even useful, but every word that is lined up in the order of Albanian words must be well filtered. “The introduction of new words and exclusion of old ones is a natural process, and it happens in any language. This is what happened with the Greek borrowings in Latin, with the Arabic borrowings in Greek, with the Latin borrowings in many European languages, with the Persian borrowings in Turkish, with the Turkish borrowings in Albanian, etc.” - Prof. Hajri Shehu emphasizes in a scientific interview (Shehu, 2017). In recent decades, with the expansion of the Internet, many foreign words began to enter and be used in the Albanian language. English took up more space than expected; in addition to penetrating through various tool notions, it also replaced centuries-old native words of Albanian. The paper has been divided into three parts and in each part an issue has been dealt with: the first part talks about the use of foreign words and the existing words in Albanian; the second part deals with the use of emoticons used instead of words and the third part deals with writing errors in the Albanian language. These are some of the issues that have created a great concern for the Albanian language in this century and they certainly need to be addressed seriously to prevent the dangers that may threaten it.

AbstractThis paper focuses on linguistic contacts between Turkish as the receiving language and other languages of the Mediterranean area (Albanian, Arabic, Armenian, French, Greek, Ibero-Romance varieties, Italian, Serbo-Croatian). In the first part, a general overview is given of the contact situation and historical background; in the second, the treatment of loanwords from the above-mentioned languages in Turkish lexicography is sketched and briefly discussed.

AbstractThis paper focuses on linguistic contacts between Turkish as the receiving language and other languages of the Mediterranean area (Albanian, Arabic, Armenian, French, Greek, Ibero-Romance varieties, Italian, Serbo-Croatian). In the first part, a general overview is given of the contact situation and historical background; in the second, the treatment of loanwords from the above-mentioned languages in Turkish lexicography is sketched and briefly discussed.

Abstract Visualizing Soviet internationalism as a student dormitory, this essay identifies a new transnational subgenre, the Soviet dormitory novel, and analyzes four examples: Nazim Hikmet’s Life’s Good, Brother (Turkish, 1964); Ismail Kadare’s Twilight of the Eastern Gods (Albanian, 1978); Sonallah Ibrahim’s Ice (Arabic, 2011); and Yurii Andrukhovych’s Moscoviad (Ukrainian, 2000). These works each depict a different decade and come from different locations on the concentric map of Soviet influence: the Afro-Asian world, Eastern Europe, and the non-Russian USSR. Together, they reveal some shared formal features of the dormitory novel and some unintended consequences of Soviet internationalism, including the various racisms it rejected but helped perpetuate.

Apart from the mawlids written in Arabic, there are also mawlids written in Persian, Albanian, Kurdish, Javanese, Bosnian, Greek, Circassian, Urdu, Sevahili and Tatar. In Iranian literature, perhaps due to the influence of Shi'ism, the type of mawlid was not respected much. Hz. The first of the ceremonies held on the occasion of the birth of the Prophet, X.-XI. It was built during the Fatimids (910-1171) centuries. Only the ruler and courtiers attended this ceremony, not the public. It is seen that the mawlid ceremony, in which everyone attended jointly, first took place in Erbil in 1207, during the time of Seljuk Atabek Abu Sa'id Muzafferüddin Gökbörü (d. 1233). This mawlid ceremony is accepted as the beginning of the mawlid ceremonies held later. Keywords: Melaye Batatei, Hz. Prophet, birthday

I place my work under the rubric of spatial studies: an investigation of how people inhabit their world. The corner of the world I examine is the northeastern Mediterranean, a highly contested region that has brought into contact numerous peoples: Greek, Persian, and Roman in ancient times; Byzantine, Slavic, Arabic, Venetian, Frankish, Jewish, Armenian, and Ottoman in the late ancient to early modern period; and Greek, Turkish, Slavic, and Albanian in our own times. Literature is my point of entry into that world. Though it is unusual in spatial studies, an area of inquiry dominated by geography, architecture, environmental psychology, political theory, and anthropology, I find the literary approach quite useful. For literature has always occupied itself with topographia or topothesia, the “description” or “situation of place” (Curtius 200). Literature relies on historical and geographical spatiality to orient its readers and send them on its imaginative journey.

Investigating a corpus containing 241 images of signage, this article focuses on the linguistic landscape of a small town called Sanski Most in north-western Bosnia and Herzegovina. Using the framework developed by Koskinen (2012), the study was carried out in a micro context researching linguistic landscape in attempt to detect the presence of multilingualism and translation in the mentioned area. The data was analysed to determine the presence of different languages in written form and the translation of commercial and public display signs. The findings indicate that traces of multilingualism in written form can be seen through the presence of different languages, but that traces of translation are very limited. The results show that Bosnian/Croatian/Serbian, English, German, French, Italian, Arabic, Turkish, Latin, Dutch, Spanish, Slovenian, Danish, Albanian, and Chinese were all present in this area. The results also show that the translation in public signage in this area tends to be rather weak and that only 13 signs displayed translation.

This publication presents the materials extracted from the multivolume “History of the Prophets and Kings” (Ta’rīḫ ar-Rusul wa-l-Mulūk) by “the father of the Muslim historiography”, an Arabic spoken Iranian Muḥammad b. Ǧarīr (Djarir) aṭ-Ṭabarī (839–923), whichoutlines the general history from the Creation to 302 AH (914/5). These are absolutely all the materials that are devoted to the last uprising against the power of the ‘Abbasids (750–1258) in the Arab vilayet of Arminiya, which consisted of the Greater-Armenian, and South Caucasian Lands occupied by the Muslims. We are talking about the uprising of 850–855, in which both the leaders of the autonomous Armenian and Albanian principalities, as well as the Arab emirates created in Arminiya at the beginning of the 9th C., took part. These passages were extracted from the classic critical edition carried out in three series and 15 volumes in Leiden (1879–1901), edited by the famous Dutch Arabist Michael Jan de Goeje (1836–1909).The selected passages are translated by Arsen K. Shahinyan from Classical Arabic into Russian for the first time in Oriental science. The introductory article, detailed text notes and scholarly comments based on the historical and geographical narratives of the Antiquity, and in the languages of the peoples of the Christian and Muslim Orient are attached by the author of the publication to his translated materials as well. Preparing these notes and comments, he also took into account the data that are reflected in the leading scientific, reference (encyclopedic) and educational publications of the world.

Most of the onomastic units mentioned in the written monuments of ancient times are valuable sources in terms of studying the past, language, lifestyle, ethnogenesis, ethnography of our people today. While these monuments are important in terms of clarifying historical realities and shedding light on obscure issues, on the other hand, their study is politically important in modern times. At a time when our hated neighbors are looking at our lands and making historical distortions, the study of onomastic units in ancient monuments – toponyms, anthroponyms, oronyms, hydronyms, etc. – can be a convincing answer to baseless fabrications. It should be noted that we come across information and explanations about each of these hydronyms in scientific and historical sources written from ancient times to the present day, and the core of each of them is of Azerbaijani-Turkish origin. The monument involved in the study names countless water bodies associated with the territory of Azerbaijan. They are also very valuable in terms of studying the lexical and semantic development of our language. We come across information and explanations about each of these hydronyms in scientific and historical sources written from ancient times to the present day. One of the hydronyms directly connected with the territory of Azerbaijan in the source is the Caspian Sea. Books and articles about the Caspian Sea give it different names and etymological-linguistic analysis of the word Caspian. Another hydronym mentioned in the source is Tartar river. The article provides extensive information about the Tartar River in terms of its geographical structure. The hydronym Tartar is given in Arabic, Russian, Georgian and ancient Turkic sources with different phonetic structure. The name of the Urdun River is mentioned several times in the source. However, it should be noted that the Urdun River flows not in the Albanian country, but in the Middle East, and most of it flows in the territory of modern Jordan. Although the explanation of some of the hydronyms included in the ancient Caucasian Albanian territory in the source is convincing, the exact explanation of many ancient hydronyms still remains controversial. One example of such controversial hydronyms is the Urdun River. The last hydronym mentioned in the article is Goycha river. Extensive geographical, historical, etymological interpretations and linguistic analysis of the hydronym are given. Key words: river, morphemes, geographical names, modern areal, hydronyms, onomastic

The Multilingual Assessment Instrument for Narratives (MAIN) was designed in order to assess narrative skills in children who acquire one or more languages from birth or from early age. MAIN is suitable for children from 3 to 10 years and evaluates both comprehension and production of narratives. Its design allows for the assessment of several languages in the same child, as well as for different elicitation modes: Model Story, Retelling, and Telling. MAIN contains four parallel stories, each with a carefully designed six-picture sequence. The stories are controlled for cognitive and linguistic complexity, parallelism in macrostructure and microstructure, as well as for cultural appropriateness and robustness. The instrument has been developed on the basis of extensive piloting with more than 550 monolingual and bilingual children aged 3 to 10, for 15 different languages and language combinations. Even though MAIN has not been norm-referenced yet, its standardized procedures can be used for evaluation, intervention and research purposes. MAIN is currently available in the following languages: English, Afrikaans, Albanian, Basque, Bulgarian, Croatian, Cypriot Greek, Danish, Dutch, Estonian, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Hebrew, Icelandic, Italian, Lithuanian, Norwegian, Polish, Russian, Spanish, Standard Arabic, Swedish, Turkish, Vietnamese, and Welsh.

This paper presents the findings of cross-sectional national surveys on how Swiss hospitals address the problem of language barriers in health care and how they respond to the high number of allophone patients (i.e. patients who do not speak the local language). Half of the 244 hospital services responding to the questionnaire estimated the proportion of allophone patients to the total number of patients at 1–5%. Only 14% ‘often’ use paid interpreters, 79% rely mostly on relatives, 75% primarily on health staff, and 43% ‘often’ on non-health staff. Only 11% of the hospital services studied have a budget for interpreters, and 17% have access to an interpreter service. Forty-eight percent express the need to have access to interpreter services. The communication management of hospitals dealing with patients speaking one of the most frequent foreign languages is described; these languages are Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, South-Slavic, Albanian, Russian, Kurdish, Turkish, Arabic and Tamil. The discussion addresses quality of care issues for allophone patients, the risk of poor health care outcomes in the absence of interpreters and the potential benefits of using qualified interpreters.

The connection of Turkic tribes with the peoples of the Balkan Peninsula has a long history. With the conquest of the Ottoman Empire, the influence of the Turks on the countries living in the Balkan region increased, and this situation led to significant changes for the Balkan peoples. Words of Turkic origin in the Balkan languages became the basis for the study of Turkic influence in the Balkans. Researchers should first of all determine from which language Turkic vocabulary was introduced. The term “Orientalism” is widely used by linguists to define words and phrases from any Eastern language (Turkish, Arabic, Persian). First, since orientalism entered the Balkan languages through the Ottoman Turkish language, which was spoken by the majority of the inhabitants of the Ottoman Empire and its territories, many researchers used the term “Turkism” to denote the characteristics of the way of life of the eastern countries. When linguists of the XVIIIXIX centuries defined the term “Turkism”, they relied on a small number and insufficient information about the origin of Eastern words. The purpose of this study is to make a detailed description and detailed analysis of the words that have entered the Turkic language in the Balkan languages. The research focuses on Romanian, Serbian, and Albanian languages, where the most Turkic words can be found.

A revision of Bruno Schütt’s herbarium is here discussed, and a reconstruction of the routes of his collecting trips in Albania between 1927 and 1939 is presented. Schütt’s herbarium was not available to the public until recently. However, a manuscript, compiled by him, including the records of collected taxa, was used to outline their distribution of taxa by countries in Flora Europaea and subsequent works. Due to the few original floristic records from Albania, the presence of some taxa in Albania is partly or completely based on Schütt’s material. Some of his records are questionable as there is no voucher specimen for them, or they were originally misidentified. Based on our results, Arabis ciliata, Campanula macrostachya, Carduus carduelis, Crepis froelichiana subsp. dinarica, Crepis pantocsekii, Geranium divaricatum, Orobanche artemisiae-campestris and Potentilla patula were erroneously reported from Albania; and Alchemilla connivens, Knautia dipsacifolia, Linum perenne subsp. alpinum, Soldanella hungarica and Waldsteinia geoides are newly reported. Adonis vernalis is also questionably reported here for the Albanian flora based on Schütt’s material.

ObjectivesTo explore allophone immigrant women’s knowledge and perceptions of epidural analgesia for labour pain, in order to identify their information needs prior to the procedure.DesignWe conducted focus groups interviews with allophone women from five different linguistic immigrant communities, with the aid of professional interpreters. Thematic analysis of focus group transcripts was carried out by all authors.SettingWomen were recruited at two non-profit associations offering French language and cultural integration training to non-French speaking immigrant women in Geneva.ParticipantsForty women from 10 countries who spoke either Albanian, Arabic, Farsi/Dari, Tamil or Tigrigna took part in the five focus groups. Four participants were nulliparous, but all others had previous experience of labour and delivery, often in European countries. A single focus group was conducted for each of the five language groups.ResultsWe identified five main themes: (1) Women’s partial knowledge of epidural analgesia procedures; (2) Strong fears of short-term and long-term negative consequences of epidural analgesia during childbirth; (3) Reliance on multiple sources of information regarding epidural analgesia for childbirth; (4) Presentation of salient narratives of labour pain to justify their attitudes toward epidural analgesia; and (5) Complex community positioning of pro-epidural women.ConclusionsWomen in our study had partial knowledge of epidural analgesia for labour pain and held perceptions of a high risk-to-benefits ratio for this procedure. Diverse and sometimes conflicting information about epidural analgesia can interfere with women’s decisions regarding this treatment option for labour pain. Our study suggests that women need comprehensive but also tailored information in their own language to support their decision-making regarding epidural labour analgesia.

Ahmadiyah events in Cikeusik, Shia in Sampang, until the case of Tanjung Balai, are various events of intolerance that often color the reality of our plural society. However, in some other areas with its diverse community, as in Bali, we can find a society that is able to maintain harmony among its diverse peoples and live side by side. This study aims to describe various factors that support inter-religious harmony in Bali. This review is important to overcome the various religious conflicts that occurred in Indonesia, as well as how to create harmony among religious followers. Using a qualitative approach, this study found that the creation of tolerance and harmony among religious believers in Bali, in addition influenced by historical model, also because Bali has a strong cultural capital and structural capital. Cultural capital in the form of local wisdom that is still maintained and also the harmony agents such as guardians of tradition and FKUB also play a major role in maintaining and creating harmony among religious followers in Bali G M T Detect language Afrikaans Albanian Arabic Armenian Azerbaijani Basque Belarusian Bengali Bosnian Bulgarian Catalan Cebuano Chichewa Chinese (Simplified) Chinese (Traditional) Croatian Czech Danish Dutch English Esperanto Estonian Filipino Finnish French Galician Georgian German Greek Gujarati Haitian Creole Hausa Hebrew Hindi Hmong Hungarian Icelandic Igbo Indonesian Irish Italian Japanese Javanese Kannada Kazakh Khmer Korean Lao Latin Latvian Lithuanian Macedonian Malagasy Malay Malayalam Maltese Maori Marathi Mongolian Myanmar (Burmese) Nepali Norwegian Persian Polish Portuguese Punjabi Romanian Russian Serbian Sesotho Sinhala Slovak Slovenian Somali Spanish Sundanese Swahili Swedish Tajik Tamil Telugu Thai Turkish Ukrainian Urdu Uzbek Vietnamese Welsh Yiddish Yoruba Zulu Afrikaans Albanian Arabic Armenian Azerbaijani Basque Belarusian Bengali Bosnian Bulgarian Catalan Cebuano Chichewa Chinese (Simplified) Chinese (Traditional) Croatian Czech Danish Dutch English Esperanto Estonian Filipino Finnish French Galician Georgian German Greek Gujarati Haitian Creole Hausa Hebrew Hindi Hmong Hungarian Icelandic Igbo Indonesian Irish Italian Japanese Javanese Kannada Kazakh Khmer Korean Lao Latin Latvian Lithuanian Macedonian Malagasy Malay Malayalam Maltese Maori Marathi Mongolian Myanmar (Burmese) Nepali Norwegian Persian Polish Portuguese Punjabi Romanian Russian Serbian Sesotho Sinhala Slovak Slovenian Somali Spanish Sundanese Swahili Swedish Tajik Tamil Telugu Thai Turkish Ukrainian Urdu Uzbek Vietnamese Welsh Yiddish Yoruba Zulu Text-to-speech function is limited to 200 characters Options : History : Feedback : Donate Close

Modern society is changing and becoming increasingly multilingual and multicultural. There is a growing need for interpreting in different contexts and for languages that were previously rarely required in the Slovene context (e.g., Albanian, Arabic, and Persian). This paper is based on the premise that if higher interpreter education is to be performed ethically, it must respond to these changes within its capacity and educate interpreters for the languages and fields that society actually needs, thus ensuring respect of human rights in medical, asylum or judicial procedures. In the past, interpreter training at the University of Ljubljana was limited to conference interpreting. However, due to changes in practice the Faculty of Arts has responded to the emerging needs and also formed educational modules for interpreters working in court and asylum procedures, state administration and in medical settings. It continues to invest efforts to expand the range of language combinations to include languages of lesser diffusion, and to offer quality interpreter training to the interpreters of Slovenian sign language. In the academic environment, we are also constantly confronted with internal ethical dilemmas related to the assessment, enrolment, and accreditation processes. It is the latter that significantly slow down the response of the Faculty to needs in society. Despite the numerous administrative, financial and human resources challenges, we may conclude that the Faculty of Arts is committed to investing its maximum efforts and responding with a high level of awareness to the changing interpreting profession which has experienced, through the rapidly growing use of online interpreting platforms, the greatest leap since the introduction of simultaneous interpreting. All this can only be achieved in close cooperation with all the related stakeholders: professional associations, long-standing external trainers and state authorities.

The aim of this studies is to analyze an anonymous medicinal book on medicinal herbs written in 1610 at the Halved lodge in Rahovec, Kosova. This book was written in Turkish during the Ottoman Empire and it has not been studied before. The author, a Sufi wise, wrote his works in poetic style and in Turkish, Albanian, Arabic and also French. Since this person is a well-known doctor in the region where he lives, it is thought that he treated people throughout his life and wrote this work for new doctors to use in their treatment due to the lack of doctors. The treatment information in the book has been used for many years during and after the author's time. In addition, it is thought that this information, which includes the doses of drugs and medicinal herbs used in treatment, may be useful in the treatment of many diseases with herbal methods today. Content analysis was used for the review and analysis of the selected study. The analysis and the meaning of the words were performed; the method and the quantity or dosage used is given in the pharmaceutical codex. The Latin names of the medicinal plants referred to in the book were determined. These analyses showed that this book, which is about making remedies from plants used for treatment, has a wide range of treatments for 72 different diseases. 59 different cures for these diseases are reported in the text. It has been observed that many of the treatments reported in the book are still used today. As a result, it is thought that this valuable work that has not been analyzed before will make a great contribution to the related field.

<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>Education passed through a wide range of reform movements like other institutions in Ottoman Emire during XIX century. The era of Abdülhamit II is especially prominent regarding educational reforms. A number of important steps were taken during his reign to improve education such as building new schools, effort to increase the number of students, more participation of girls in education and teaching, use of modern tools and techniques etc. This period was also characterized by the development of nation-states that were started to be established under the influence of the nationalist movement. Some cultural privileges were given to the Balkan peoples, such as Greeks, Bulgarians, Serbs, and Vlachs, who had revolted against the Ottoman Empire to keep them binding with the state. The right to education was one of those important privileges. Indeed, non-Muslims who had already educated in their own tongues and schools had begun to use their studies of language and education more in shaping their cultural identities in this period. At this point, it can be said that the Albanians were more backward than the other Balkan peoples, because unlike the other Balkan nations, though they were in an ethnic union but having more religious pluralism (Muslim, Orthodox Christian, and Catholic Christian) in their society. Therefore, the demand of Albanians from the Ottoman State for their education with their own tongues has only emerged from the beginning of the 1900s. The Ottoman central government looked favorably on these requests and considered the right to education in mother tongue as a constitutional right for them. However, the Albanians could not have a consensus that should their education in the mother tongue be in Turkish (Arabic) letters or Latin alphabet. This was also a reflection of the cultural differences in Albanians.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Öz</strong></p><p>XIX. yüzyılda Osmanlı Devleti’nde diğer bütün alanlarda olduğu gibi eğitimde de geniş reform hareketleri içine girilmiştir. Yüzyılın son çeyreğinde, özellikle II. Abdülhamit döneminde eğitimle ilgili reformlar öne çıkmaktadır. Okul yapımı, öğrenci sayısının arttırılması çabası, kız öğrencilerin eğitim ve öğretime daha fazla katılması, modern araç- gereç ve tekniklerin kullanılması vb. çalışmalar dikkat çekmektedir. Bu dönem aynı zamanda milliyetçilik akımının güç kazandığı ve belli ölçüde başarıya ulaştığı bir dönemdir. Osmanlı Devleti’ne karşı ayaklanan başta Rumlar, Bulgarlar, Sırplar, Ulahlar gibi Balkan halklarının devletten kopmasını engellemek için onlara birtakım kültürel ayrıcalıklar verilmiştir. Ana dilde eğitim hakkı da bunlardan biridir. Esasen daha öncesinde de kendi dillerinde ve okullarında eğitim gören gayrimüslim halklar, bu dönemde dil ve eğitim ile ilgili çalışmalarını daha çok kültürel kimliklerin şekillendirilmesi için kullanmaya başlamışlardır. Bu noktada Arnavutların diğer Balkan halklarına göre daha geri planda kaldığı söylenebilir. Çünkü diğerlerinden farklı olarak etnik yönden bir olsalar da dini yönden ayrışım içindeydiler (Müslüman, Ortodoks Hristiyan ve Katolik Hristiyan). Bu yüzden Arnavutların Osmanlı Devleti’nden kendi dilleri ile eğitim talebi ancak 1900’lü yılların başlarından itibaren karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bu taleplere Osmanlı merkezi olumlu bakmış ve ana dilde eğitim talebini anayasadan kaynaklanan bir hak olarak görmüştür. Fakat Arnavutlar kendi içlerinde anadilde eğitimin Arapça harflerle mi yoksa Latin alfabesiyle mi olması konusunda bir uzlaşıya varamamışlardır. Bu durum da Arnavutlardaki kültürel farklılığın bir yansımasıdır.</p>

Forty samples representing 14 native Albanian and two foreign olive varieties were collected from an olive varietal collection plot in the Valias region (Tirana, Albania). The samples were assayed by RT-PCR for presence of olive-infecting viruses, including arabis mosaic virus (ArMV), cherry leaf roll virus (CLRV), cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), olive latent ringspot virus (OLRSV), olive latent virus 1 (OLV-1), olive leaf yellowing-associated virus (OLYaV), strawberry latent ringspot virus (SLRSV) and by PCR for the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa (Xf). Ninety-eight percent of the samples were infected with at least one virus. OLYaV was the most prevalent (85% of samples), followed by OLV-1 (50%), OLRSV (48%), CMV (28%), SLRSV (3%) and CLRV (5%), whereas ArMV and Xf were absent. Fifty-five percent of the samples were infected with one virus, 13% with two viruses, 20% with three, and 5% with four. Analyses of the nucleotide sequences of the Albanian virus isolates generally showed low genetic variability, and that most were phylogenetically related to Mediterranean isolates, in particular to those from Greece and Italy. Five olive trees, representing three native cultivars (‘Managiel’, ‘Kalinjot’ and ‘Kushan-Preze’) and one foreign (‘Leccino’), were found to be plants of the Conformitas Agraria Communitatis (“CAC”) category i.e. free of ArMV, CLRV, SLRSV and OLYaV. Only one tree of the native cultivar ‘Ulliri i kuq’ was free of all tested viruses, so this is plant material of the “Virus-tested” category. Olives derived from both categories could be used for propagation of standard quality plant materiel in a future certification programme for olive in Albania. This is the first report of CLRV, OLRSV, CMV and OLV-1 in Albania. The study also reveals the precarious health status of native olive varieties in the Valias varietal collection plot. However, the discovery of six plants representing two certifiable categories is a first step in a future olive tree certification program in the country.

translator Ketersediaan Citra Satelit yang berkualitas menjadi salah satu syarat keberhasilan penelitian sumberdaya alam, secara khusus dibidang kehutanan. Google Earth Engine (GEE) adalah salah satu platform berbasis awan (cloud) yang disediakan oleh Google. GEE bekerja berbasis Bahasa program Java Script. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa aplikasi GEE mampu menyediakan citra satelit yang memiliki tutupan awan sangat rendah atau bebas awan (clouds free). Aplikasi GEE merupakan salah satu solusi penelitian sumberdaya alam terutama pada pulau-pulau kecil di Provinsi Maluku. Afrikaans Albanian - shqipe Arabic - ‎‫العربية‬‎ Armenian - Հայերէն Azerbaijani - azərbaycanca Basque - euskara Belarusian - беларуская Bengali - বাংলা Bulgarian - български Catalan - català Chinese - 中文（简体中文） Chinese - 中文 (繁體中文) Croatian - hrvatski Czech - čeština Danish - dansk Dutch - Nederlands English Esperanto - esperanto Estonian - eesti Filipino Finnish - suomi French - français Galician - galego Georgian - ქართული German - Deutsch Greek - Ελληνικά Gujarati - ગુજરાતી Haitian Creole - kreyòl ayisyen Hebrew - ‎‫עברית‬‎ Hindi - हिन्दी Hungarian - magyar Icelandic - íslenska Indonesian - Bahasa Indonesia Irish - Gaeilge Italian - italiano Japanese - 日本語 Kannada - ಕನ್ನಡ Korean - 한국어 Latin - Lingua Latina Latvian - latviešu Lithuanian - lietuvių Macedonian - македонски Malay - Bahasa Melayu Maltese - Malti Norwegian - norsk Persian - ‎‫فارسی‬‎ Polish - polski Portuguese - português Romanian - română Russian - русский Serbian - Српски Slovak - slovenčina Slovenian - slovenščina Spanish - español Swahili - Kiswahili Swedish - svenska Tamil - தமிழ் Telugu - తెలుగు Thai - ไทย Turkish - Türkçe Ukrainian - українська Urdu - ‎‫اردو‬‎ Vietnamese - Tiếng Việt Welsh - Cymraeg Yiddish - יידיש Double-click Select to translate

On March 12, 2015 Emad Hamdeh, a specialist in modern Muslim reformmovements, Islamic intellectual history, historical pedagogical methods, andIslamic law, discussed “Between Salafism and Traditionalism: The Case ofNasir al-Din Albani and His Detractors” at the IIIT headquarters in Herndon,VA. He currently serves as an adjunct professor of Arabic and Islamic studiesin the Department of Modern Languages and Literature at Montclair StateUniversity, Montclair, NJ. His doctorate (Exeter University, 2014) “TheEmergence of an Iconoclast: Muhammad Nasir al-Din al-Albani and HisCritics” traced the origins of this controversial figure’s anti-madhhabpolemic.Hamdeh began by presenting a brief overview of al-Albani’s life. Hewas born in Albania in 1914 at a time of increasing secularism. When he wasnine years old his father, a traditional Hanafi, moved the family to Syria.While growing up, he studied under his father and with local religious schol-156 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences ...

translator Afrikaans Albanian - shqipe Arabic - ??????????? Armenian - ??????? Azerbaijani - az?rbaycanca Basque - euskara Belarusian - ?????????? Bengali - ????? Bulgarian - ????????? Catalan - català Chinese - ???????? Chinese - ?? (????) Croatian - hrvatski Czech - ?eština Danish - dansk Dutch - Nederlands English Esperanto - esperanto Estonian - eesti Filipino Finnish - suomi French - français Galician - galego Georgian - ??????? German - Deutsch Greek - ???????? Gujarati - ??????? Haitian Creole - kreyòl ayisyen Hebrew - ????????? Hindi - ?????? Hungarian - magyar Icelandic - íslenska Indonesian - Bahasa Indonesia Irish - Gaeilge Italian - italiano Japanese - ??? Kannada - ????? Korean - ??? Latin - Lingua Latina Latvian - latviešu Lithuanian - lietuvi? Macedonian - ?????????? Malay - Bahasa Melayu Maltese - Malti Norwegian - norsk Persian - ????????? Polish - polski Portuguese - português Romanian - român? Russian - ??????? Serbian - ?????? Slovak - sloven?ina Slovenian - slovenš?ina Spanish - español Swahili - Kiswahili Swedish - svenska Tamil - ????? Telugu - ?????? Thai - ??? Turkish - Türkçe Ukrainian - ?????????? Urdu - ???????? Vietnamese - Ti?ng Vi?t Welsh - Cymraeg Yiddish - ????? Double-click Select to translate Latar Belakang: Pseudoexfoliation glaucoma adalah salah satu jenis secondary open-angle glaucoma yang disebabkan oleh akumulasi protein fibril pada trabecular meshwork. Obat, bedah, laser, atau kombinasi terapi merupakan pilihan terapi yang tersedia saat ini. Review sistematik ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan beberapa terapi-terapi tersebut terhadap tekanan intraokular serta komplikasi/efek samping pada pasien dengan pseudoexfoliation glaucoma. Metode: Kami mengambil sumber data berupa studi primer dari database elektronik yaitu MEDLINE dan Cochrane dalam rentang tahun 2010-2020, berbahasa Inggris, dengan desain studi clinical trial atau observasional. Setelah dilakukan ekstraksi data maka dilanjutkan dengan penilaian terhadap abstrak, desain studi, partisipan, outcome, risk of bias, dan strength of evidence. Hasil: Outcome dalam penelitian sangat bervariasi yang kami kelompokkan menjadi dua variabel yaitu tekanan intraokular dan komplikasi/efek samping. Rata-rata penurunan TIO berkisar antara 4,71 mmHg (dengan SLT pada perilimbus) hingga 14,00 mmHg (dengan trabekulektomi + bevacizumab). Komplikasi yang umum ditemui yaitu inflamasi pada anterior chamber. Limitasi: Banyak studi memaparkan outcome yang heterogen dan beberapa partisipan penelitian tidak murni menggunakan pasien pseudoexfoliation glaucoma. Kesimpulan: Beberapa terapi obat, bedah, laser, maupun kombinasi untuk pseudoexfoliation glaucoma efektif dalam menurunkan tekanan intraokular. Meskipun demikian, perlu adanya perhatian untuk dokter umum maupun dokter spesialis mata terkait beberapa komplikasi yang dapat muncul akibat terapi-terapi tersebut.

The article analyzes Iranian cauldrons of “open type”, using a term which was introduced by J. Orbeli in 1938 in his short article about Albanian stone reliefs and cauldrons. The production of these cauldrons appeared in Eastern Iran (Khorasan province) at the end of the 10th century, and their study makes it possible to trace the stable existence of the form during 400 years at least.

translator Afrikaans Albanian - shqipe Arabic - ??????????? Armenian - ??????? Azerbaijani - az?rbaycanca Basque - euskara Belarusian - ?????????? Bengali - ????? Bulgarian - ????????? Catalan - català Chinese - ???????? Chinese - ?? (????) Croatian - hrvatski Czech - ?eština Danish - dansk Dutch - Nederlands English Esperanto - esperanto Estonian - eesti Filipino Finnish - suomi French - français Galician - galego Georgian - ??????? German - Deutsch Greek - ???????? Gujarati - ??????? Haitian Creole - kreyòl ayisyen Hebrew - ????????? Hindi - ?????? Hungarian - magyar Icelandic - íslenska Indonesian - Bahasa Indonesia Irish - Gaeilge Italian - italiano Japanese - ??? Kannada - ????? Korean - ??? Latin - Lingua Latina Latvian - latviešu Lithuanian - lietuvi? Macedonian - ?????????? Malay - Bahasa Melayu Maltese - Malti Norwegian - norsk Persian - ????????? Polish - polski Portuguese - português Romanian - român? Russian - ??????? Serbian - ?????? Slovak - sloven?ina Slovenian - slovenš?ina Spanish - español Swahili - Kiswahili Swedish - svenska Tamil - ????? Telugu - ?????? Thai - ??? Turkish - Türkçe Ukrainian - ?????????? Urdu - ???????? Vietnamese - Ti?ng Vi?t Welsh - Cymraeg Yiddish - ????? Double-click Select to translate After turning 40 years old, testosterone hormone in men will decrease, but some data regarding the effect of Testosterone Replacement Therapy (TRT) on cardiovascular safety is still controversial. The aim of this systematic review is to investigate the effect of TRT on lipid profile and body fat in men with Late-Onset Hypogonadism (LOH) which affects the incidence of cardiovascular disease. The literature search was performed on the database, such as PubMed and Wiley Online Library and also additional manual searches were performed on the reference list of related studies. The identified articles were selected according to the eligibility criteria. A total of four articles were used in this systematic review and the quality of the study was assessed using the Jadad score. From the four studies that is used, four study discussed the effect of TRT on lipid profiles and two studies discussed the effect of TRT on body fat. On the administration of testosterone gel 50mg/day, all lipid profiles improved after nine months of intervention. However, with IM testosterone after one year, the improvement was only partial. All studies discussing the effect of TRT on body fat showed uniform results, namely a decrease in fat percentage. The results obtained by the studies included in this systematic review suggest that TRT can improve lipid profiles and also decrease body fat in men with LOH.

In the 6th century CE, the Sasanian empire was divided into four administrative units already during the second reign of Kavad I, however, it was during the time of Khosrov Anushirvan that these regions were transformed into the military-administrative units – kʻustaks, where the administrative power belonged to the padgospan and the military to the spahbed. The northern kʻustak or kʻust-i-Kapkoh was included the marzpanates: Armenia (divided into the three military-administrative units – Tanutirakan gund, Vaspurakan gund, Syunikʻ), Georgia, Albania and the šahrs: Adharbādhakān, Gīlān, Dlmunkʻ, Zanjān, Ghazvīn, Ṭabaristān and Ray. This paper reviews the administrative of the northern kʻustak based on the Classical Armenian, Arabic and Persian primary sources.

Objectives: The study aims to study a crucial period in Ottoman history in the Balkans prior to the conquest of Constantinople, along with the foreign relations with Italy. The alliance between the Balkans and the Italian Republic posed a significant threat to the Ottoman Empire and presented a major obstacle to the conquest of Constantinople. The study comprises four main areas of focus such as a brief biography of Sultan Murad II, relations with the Italian Republic, the Union of Hungary and Serbia, and open Arnaut (Albania). Methods: The study adopts a critical historical narrative analysis approach to examine the events. Authentic Ottoman sources, as well as modern Turkish and foreign studies, serve as the primary references. Additionally, translated Arabic studies and research are mentioned in the list of resources and references section. Results: This research has revealed several important findings. One significant outcome pertains to the restoration of Albania under the dominance of the Ottoman Empire, which contributed to political stability in the Balkans. Conclusions: The victories and factors explored in this study ultimately played a role in the conquest of Constantinople by Sultan Muhammad al-Fateh, the son of Sultan Murad II, in 1453 AD.

Recognizing that we know little about Arab settlement and Muslim populations in Armenia and Caucasian Albania during the Abbasid period, this article considers the data available in specific biographical compendia in Arabic: the works of al-Samʿānī, Ibn al-Aṯīr, Yāqūt, al-Ṣafadī, and Ibn Ḫallikān. It examines entries of notable Muslims from the fourth/eleventh through the seventh/fourteenth centuries with the nisbas related to the three provinces of the North. These tell of ethnic diversity, but also perceived geographical, scholarly, and ideological connectivity between the North and the more central lands of Islam and, specifically, the Persian cultural sphere. They engage themes and ideas that are key to the study of medieval Islam, such as ethnic diversity, slavery, the geographical definition of Islam, ǧihād, ṯuġūr, Sufism and asceticism, travel fī ṭalab al-ʿilm, and lines of transmission and authority.

We are pleased to present the new issue of the journal Corporate & Business Strategy Review. The articles published in the new issue of Corporate & Business Strategy Review invite the reader, with the help of numerous longitudinal case studies, through the lens of both qualitative and quantitative methodology, to reflect, learn and be informed about the processes of change and transformation of the corporate sector in emerging markets, which are taking place under the influence of accelerated development of disruptive technologies. The authors who sign these works come from Albania, Ethiopia, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iraq, Jordan, Malaysia, Morocco, Nigeria, Pakistan, Peru, Saudi Arabia, Spain, Thailand and Vietnam.

Di Provinsi NTT,, jumlah kasus stunting mencapai 42,62% atau very high prevelance stunting sehingga perlu adanya proses tata kelola kolaborasi (collaborative governance) antar lembaga dalam proses penanganan stunting khususnya di Kabupaten TTS Provinsi NTT sehingga penulis menggunakan model teoritis collaboration processes: inside the black box dari Thomson dan Perry (2006) sebagai suatu kajian teoritis yang mampu menjawab permasalahan tingginya angka prevalensi stunting di Provinsi NTT. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif dengan total jumlah berjumlah 76 orang yang ditetapkan secara purposive kemudian data primer dan data sekunder yang terkumpul dianalisis menggunakan teknik analisis data dari Creswell (2016). Hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa collaborative governance dalam upaya penurunan angka stunting di Kabupaten TTS Provinsi NTT dianalisis menggunakan pendapat Thomson dan Perry (2006:24-28) dengan hasil temuan sebagai berikut; (1) pada dimensi tata pemerintahan ditemukan bahwa pengambilan keputusan bersama untuk penurunan angka stunting belum dilakukan (2) pada dimensi administrasi masih terbatas pada persoalan integrasi basis data dari tiap-tiap indikator dalam setiap tujuan yang belum lengkap, valid, dan reliabel, (3) pada dimensi otonomi ditemukan bahwa belum ada pemahaman komperhensif mengenai indikator angka stunting oleh pihak-pihak yang berkolaborasi (4) dimensi mutualitas belum efektif karena minimnya saling ketergantungan antar aktor secara kelembagaan serta (5) proses membangun norma sosial ditemukan bahwa belum terdapat kepercayaan dan timbal balik dalam koordinasi penurunan angka stunting di Kabupaten TSS Provinsi NTT. ? ? To: Afrikaans Albanian Amharic Arabic Armenian Assamese Azerbaijani Bangla Bashkir Basque Bosnian Bulgarian Cantonese (Traditional) Catalan Chinese (Literary) Chinese Simplified Chinese Traditional Croatian Czech Danish Dari Divehi Dutch English Estonian Faroese Fijian Filipino Finnish French French (Canada) Galician Ganda Georgian German Greek Gujarati Haitian Creole Hausa Hebrew Hindi Hmong Daw Hungarian Icelandic Igbo Indonesian Inuinnaqtun Inuktitut Inuktitut (Latin) Irish Italian Japanese Kannada Kazakh Khmer Kinyarwanda Konkani Korean Kurdish (Central) Kurdish (Northern) Kyrgyz Lao Latvian Lingala Lithuanian Lower Sorbian Macedonian Maithili Malagasy Malay Malayalam Maltese M?ori Marathi Mongolian (Cyrillic) Mongolian (Traditional) Myanmar (Burmese) Nepali Norwegian Nyanja Odia Pashto Persian Polish Portuguese (Brazil) Portuguese (Portugal) Punjabi Querétaro Otomi Romanian Rundi Russian Samoan Serbian (Cyrillic) Serbian (Latin) Sesotho Sesotho sa Leboa Setswana Shona Sindhi Sinhala Slovak Slovenian Somali Spanish Swahili Swedish Tahitian Tamil Tatar Telugu Thai Tibetan Tigrinya Tongan Turkish Turkmen Ukrainian Upper Sorbian Urdu Uyghur Uzbek (Latin) Vietnamese Welsh Xhosa Yoruba Yucatec Maya Zulu In NTT Province, the number of stunting cases reached 42.62% or very high prevalence of stunting so that there is a need for a collaborative governance process between institutions in the process of handling stunting, especially in TTS District, NTT Province, so the author uses the theoretical model of collaboration processes: inside the black box from Thomson and Perry (2006) as a theoretical study that is able to answer the problem of high stunting prevalence in NTT Province. The method used in this study is a descriptive method with a qualitative approach with a total of 76 people determined purposively then the primary data and secondary data collected were analyzed using data analysis techniques from Creswell (2016). The results of the study found that collaborative governance in an effort to reduce stunting rates in TTS District, NTT Province, was analyzed using the opinions of Thomson and Perry (2006: 24-28) with the following findings; (1) in the governance dimension, it was found that joint decision making to reduce stunting rates had not been carried out, (2) in the administrative dimension it was still limited to the problem of database integration of each indicator in each goal that was not complete, valid, and reliable, (3) in the autonomy dimension, it was found that there was no comprehensive understanding of stunting rate indicators by collaborating parties, (4) the mutuality dimension was not effective due to the lack of mutual dependence between actors institutionally and (5) the process of building social norms found that there has been no trust and reciprocity in coordinating the reduction of stunting rates in TSS District, NTT Province.

This study explains how the influence of GDP, exports, HDI, corruption perception index and democracy index on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in 15 OIC countries, namely Kazakhstan, Saudi Arabia, Indonesia, Turkey, Malaysia, United Arab Emirates, Azerbaijan, Egypt, Nigeria, Lebanon, Morocco, Tunisia, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Albania in 2010-2019. The existence of Foreign Direct Investment in a country can be useful as state revenue from tax sources, as well as the relationship between technology transfer, transfer of management expertise, development of entrepreneurial output and increasing the rate of national income in the economy. This study uses quantitative methods with secondary data and data collection through the World Bank, Transparency International, United Nations Development Program (UNDP) and The Economist Intelligence Unit. This study also uses panel data regression with the best model approach, namely the Random Effect Model (REM), to determine how much influence the independent variables such as GDP, exports, HDI, corruption perception index and democracy index have on the dependent variable (FDI). Based on the results of the F test obtained, it shows that in general the five independent variables have a positive and significant effect on FDI. Meanwhile, the T test results show that the GDP and export variables have a positive and significant effect on FDI. In the HDI variable, the corruption perception index and the democracy index have no effect on FDI.[Penelitian ini menjelaskan bagaimana pengaruh PDB, ekspor, IPM, indeks persepsi korupsi dan indeks demokrasi terhadap Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) di 15 negara OKI yaitu Kazakhstan, Arab Saudi, Indonesia, Turki, Malaysia, Uni Emirat Arab, Azerbaijan, Mesir, Nigeria, Libanon, Moroko, Tunisia, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Albania pada tahun 2010-2019. Adanya Foreign Direct Investment dalam suatu negara dapat bermanfaat sebagai penerimaan negara dari sumber pajak, serta adanya hubungan alih teknologi, transfer keahlian manajemen, perkembangan wirausaha output serta menaikkan laju pendapatan nasional dalam perekonomian. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan data sekunder dan pengambilan data melalui World Bank, Transparency International, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) dan The Economist Intelligence Unit. Penelitian ini juga menggunakan regresi data panel dengan pendekatan model terbaik yaitu Random Effect Model (REM), untuk mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh variabel bebas seperti PDB, ekspor, IPM, indeks persepsi korupsi dan indeks demokrasi terhadap variabel terikat (FDI). Berdasarkan hasil uji F yang diperoleh, menunjukkan bahwa secara umum kelima variabel bebas berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap FDI. Sedangkan pada hasil uji T menunjukkan bahwa variabel GDP dan ekspor berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap FDI. Pada variabel HDI, indeks persepsi korupsi dan indeks demokrasi tidak memiliki pengaruh terhadap FDI.]

Tensions among Moslems and incidents at Serbian city of Novi Pazar force us to pose the question, once again, who are in fact the Wahhabis. Wahhabism is infl uential religious movement within Sunni denomination, which requests Moslems to return to the Islamic principles and practice, as typifi ed by Prophet Mohammad and Pious Predecessors (Salaf as Salih) of fi rst three Moslem generations. According to Wahhabis’ views, the original Islamic teachings should be purifi ed from any innovation, revision, deviations or polytheism, which gradually made the Qur’an and Prophet Muhammad Sunna vague in previous centuries. The founder of Wahhabi movement, Muhammad ibn Abd al Wahhab (1703- 1792), claimed that Moslems from Arabia, the cradle of Islam, were obliged to confront foreign infl uences, primarily those one stemming from the Persian (Shia) and Turkish (Sufi ) deviations of true Islamic faith. Having in mind the essence of Sheikh al Wahhab teachings, Wahhabism had been specifi c liberation movement in fi rst years of 19th century when (Arab) rebellion against Ottoman power started. Saudi kings and Wahhabi preachers-warriors did not change anything related to theological and other aspects of original Islam. The changes have been political – through spreading of Wahhabi teachings and ideas descendants of Emir al Saud and Sheikh al Wahhab established their rule in Arabia. But, Saud family and their Wahhabi follower would have never been successful unless great powers of that time, primarily Great Britain, helped them. Wahhabism is the dominant and offi cial form of Islam in Saudi Arabia and Qatar. Wahhabism is also global phenomenon today and one should expect its further gradual strengthening and eventual expansion. The very term Wahhabism is rarely in use today and it has been replaced by the term Salafi sm, coming from the notion of Salaf as Salih. Vague use of these terms caused some misunderstandings and incorrect interpretations. Present Wahhabism/Salafi sm is diff erent than other Islamist movement. For, Wahhabis reject both “Western ideologies” (such as capitalism, socialism etc.) and “Western categories” (such as nation, political party, democracy, human rights etc.). Instead, true Moslems are obliged to take part in dawaa (spreading of Islam) and jihad (struggle for Islam in broadest sense). As far as Balkans is concerned, Wahhabis are present in Albania (possible center of Wahhabism in southern Balkans), Bosnia and Hezegovina (there are many signs of Wahhabis presence and infl uence), Serbia (mainly in Kosovo and Metohija Province, as well as Rashka region, i.e. part of Sanjak within Serbia), Montenegro (more in the northern part than in the southern), Macedonia, Bulgaria and Croatia. Islamic centers, Islamic schools and Islamic humanitarian and relief organizations have been crucial for Wahhabis’ penetration to Balkans. The presence of Wahhabis in this part of the Europe is ever more obvious since three years ago. This article is consisted of four sections: a) Wahhabism as religious movement; b) Historical development of Wahhabism; c) Contemporary Wahhabism; and d) Wahhabism in the Balkans.

Zhyrau are Akyns – storytellers of a special art who create and disseminate the oral poetic creations of the people. The oral epic tradition existed in ancient Greece, Arabia, among the Turkic peoples and until the 40-50s of the XX century – in Albania, Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, and Macedonia. The main feature of the Zhyrau poetic tradition is that the legends are passed down from generation to generation orally rather than in writing. The worldview in Zhyrau poetry is determined by universal human values such as life and death, joy and sorrow, homeland, which are revealed in the conceptual intentions of the national consciousness, namely the concepts of a perfect human being, the creation of the world and the fatherland.The article is devoted to the understanding of Sufism in the work of Kazakh zhyrau, especially the numerous zhyrau of Western Kazakhstan. The authors note that in the study of Sufism there are still no systematic studies that show the role of Sufism in the spiritual and moral development of a person, his cultural and intellectual development. Among the European scholars to whom the authors refer, there are contradictory opinions about the main postulates of Sufism.The authors state that the concept of ‘kamili insan’, a perfect person, is one of the main purposes of the teachings of Sufism, the attainment of full human individuality through spiritual purification, asceticism and a person’s rejection of material values. In addition, other important terms of Sufism such as zіkіr, pіkіr etu, shukіr etu, taubaga kelu, taglym, and iman are subjected to philosophical, theological, historical, cultural and semantic analysis in the article. Poetic texts of zhyrau-akyns served as illustrative material for this analysis.

Background and Objectives: The presence of the new SARS-CoV-2 virus is causing enormous threats to people’s health and lives, so quantifying the scientific productivity on mental health in times of pandemic is an urgent need, especially to expand the degree of knowledge on mental health problems in regions of low scientific productivity. The aim was to characterize the bibliometric indicators of scientific productivity on mental health during the pandemic in the PubMed Identifier database of the National Library of Medicine in the United States. Materials and Methods: A documentary study (bibliometric) of the scientific productivity on mental health in times of pandemic from January 2020 to June 2021 was carried out. The PubMed database was used to abstract the information from the original scientific articles. The data abstracted were: authors, year of publication, journal name, country, and language of publication. Results: We identified 47 original articles worldwide, which were published in 29 journals and in three languages (English, Spanish, and German). We observed three groups of countries that published on mental health topics. The first group comprised the largest number of publications, which were multicenter studies (six studies), followed by India (five studies), and Italy (four studies). A second group comprised Bangladesh, China, USA, and Spain, with 3 studies each; and a third group comprised 13 countries (Albania, Saudi Arabia, Argentina, Brazil, South Korea, Denmark, Ecuador, Egypt, Greece, Japan, Jordan, Kuwait, and New Zealand) with one study each. Conclusions: Bibliometric indicators of scientific productivity on mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic have ostensibly increased. We verified 47 studies in PubMed, which could serve to improve the understanding and management of COVID-19, as well as serve as a thought-provoking means for other countries and researchers to publish on the state of mental health during and post pandemic.

Main text The purpose of this comparison was to compare the results of the participating laboratories at the triple point of water temperature (TPW) and assess the uncertainty on the practical realization of triple point of water temperature by the participant laboratories and also to support the Calibration and Measurement Capabilities (CMC) entries of the participating laboratories for this fixed point. This comparison was initiated as a EURAMET project with project number 1357. Initially, the participants of the comparison included the Metrology Institutes of Albania (DPM), F.Y.R Macedonia (BOM), Montenegro (MBM) and Serbia (DMDM). But at the later stages of the comparison, these countries understandably chose to leave the comparison instead of repeating the measurements due to an unexpected problem. On the other hand, participants from GULFMET organization, Emirates Metrology Institute (EMI) and National Measurement and Calibration Center at Saudi Standards, Metrology and Quality Organization of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (SASO NMCC) and also Jordan National Metrology Institute (JNMI) were included in the comparison after having approvals of each participating laboratory. Then the comparison was registered as Key Comparison with the name EURAMET.T-K7-4 in BIPM KCDB. Finally, two loops was combined together and five institutes performed the comparison with the single circulating TPW Cell. This report presents the results of the TPW comparison and gives detailed information about the measurements made at TUBİTAK UME and participating laboratories. To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/. The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCT, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).

Arkān-nāme titled Der Beyân-ı Erkan-ı Tırâş ve İntisâb-ı Tarîk-ı Bektâşiyye, which is the subject of our study, is in the library of Hacı Bayram Veli University, The Application and Research Centre for Hacı Bektaş-ı Veli Studies in Terms of Turkish Culture with archive number B-311-183 and registered under the name of Albania Arkān-nāme. There is no information about the author or the copyist of the work written in the same handwriting. There is also a record of the date on which it was written. The beginning and the end of the text missing and it was written in Ottoman Turkish. There are Arabic verses and prayers and short Persian quotations in the text. In the section that starts with the title Der Beyân-ı Erkân-ı Tırâş and İntisâb-ı Tarîk-i Bektaşiyye, which is among the 32b-35b leaves of the manuscript, the shaving practice of the people who belonged to the Bektashi order is described. In the Bektashi sect, there are various ceremonies in which the shaving method is practiced. One of these ceremonies is arkān applied to people who join the sect. As can be understood from the title, in the manuscript, the shaving practices of those who joined the Bektashi order are described in this section. For this reason, this part of the manuscript was transcribed and the shaving practice applied to people who belonged to the sect rather than other shaving practices was evaluated. Naturally, our work is not only a translation work, but also includes research on the shaving method in the Bektashi order and the content analysis of the text. Der Beyân-ı Erkan-ı Tırâş and İntisâb-ı Tarîk-i Bektâşiyye gives a brief and concise statement and tells the shaving practice of the soul who will enter the Bektashi order. It is important to translate the written sources of Bektashism into the language used today. It is extremely important to translate all the arkan-nāmes containing the shaving arkān into today’s language in terms of revealing their common and different aspects. Increasing studies on this subject will greatly contribute to reveal common and different aspects among ṣūfī orders.

<p>Οι περισσότεροι ερευνητές, συμφωνούν, πλέον, πως η βασική αιτία των ελλειμμάτων, που εμφανίζουν οι δυσλεκτικοί μαθητές στην κατάκτηση του γραπτού λόγου, οφείλονται στο «φωνολογικό έλλειμμα», δηλαδή στις δυσκολίες αποθήκευσης, όσο και ανάκλησης, των φωνημάτων των λέξεων. Οι δυσλεκτικοί μαθητές εμφανίζουν, επίσης, ένα γενικότερο έλλειμμα αυτοματισμού, που εκδηλώνεται ως αδυναμία γρήγορης και αυτοματοποιημένης ονομασίας των φωνημάτων, καθώς και γρήγορης και αυτοματοποιημένης γραφής τους, με τα αντίστοιχα γραπτά σύμβολα. Η σημασία της παροχής πολυαισθητηριακής διδασκαλίας σε επίπεδο γραφοφωνημικής, ορθογραφικής και μορφολογικής συνειδητοποίησης είναι αποδεδειγμένη από πολλές έρευνες στον τομέα των παρεμβάσεων για δυσλεκτικούς μαθητές.</p><p> Στην παρούσα μελέτη διερευνήθηκε η αποτελεσματικότητα της Πολυαισθητηριακής Μεθόδου Διδασκαλίας, που δημιουργήσαμε στην ελληνική γλώσσα, στην ανάπτυξη των δεξιοτήτων<strong> </strong>ορθογραφημένης γραφής στους δυσλεκτικούς μαθητές<strong>. </strong>Η πολυαισθητηριακή μέθοδος<strong> </strong>εφαρμόστηκε, εξατομικευμένα, 6 ημέρες την εβδομάδα για διάστημα τριών μηνών, σε 24 δυσλεκτικούς μαθητές δημοτικού σχολείου. Ως ομάδα έλεγχου επιλέχθηκαν 24 δυσλεκτικά παιδιά, με αντίστοιχα χαρακτηριστικά με την πειραματική ομάδα, τα όποια παρακολούθησαν αποκλειστικά το πρόγραμμα του σχολείου τους. 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World Journal of English Language wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal are greatly appreciated.World Journal of English Language is recruiting reviewers for the journal. If you are interested in becoming a reviewer, we welcome you to join us. Please contact us for the application form at: wjel@sciedupress.comReviewers for Volume 13, Number 5Acep Unang Rahayu, Poltekpar NHI Bandung, IndonesiaAli Hussein Hazem, University of Patras, GreeceAndrés Canga, University of La Rioja, SpainAnna Maria Kuzio, University of Zielona Gora, PolandAntonio Piga, University of Cagliari, ItalyAyman Khafaga, Suez Canal University, EgyptAyman Rashad Rashid Yasin, PRINCESS SUMAYA UNIVERSITY FOR TECHNOLOGY, JordanBahram Kazemian, Islamic Azad University, IranDaniel Ginting, Universitas Ma Chung, IndonesiaDon Anton Balida, International College of Engineering and Management, OmanElena Alcalde Peñalver, University of Alcalá, SpainFatma Abusrewel, The University of Tripoli, LibyaFrans Sayogie, Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, IndonesiaFridrik Dulaj, University Fehmi Agani Gjakova, AlbaniaG. Bhuvaneswari, Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai, India, IndiaHameed Yahya Ahmed Al-Zubeiry, Al-Baha University, Saudi ArabiaHerman, Universitas HKBP Nommensen Pematangsiantar, IndonesiaHossein Salarian, University of Tehran, IranHouaria Chaal, Hassiba Ben Bouali University of Chlef, AlgeriaInayatullah Kakepoto, Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering Science & Technology, Nawabshah, PakistanJânderson Coswosk, Instituto Federal do Espírito Santo, BrazilJergen Jel A. Cinco- Labaria, Western Philippines University, PhilippinesKanthimathi Krishnasamy, Shrimathi Devkunvar Nanalal Bhatt Vaishnav College for Women, IndiaKristiawan Indriyanto, Universitas Prima Indonesia, IndonesiaL. Santhosh Kumar, Kristu Jayanti College (Autonomous), IndiaLeila Lomashvili, Shawnee State University, USALi Ping Chang, National Taipei College of Business, TaiwanMaria Isabel Maldonado Garcia, University of the Punjab, PakistanMeenakshi Sharma Yadav, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi ArabiaMohamad Fadhili bin Yahaya, Universiti Teknologi Mara Perlis Branch, MalaysiaMohammad Hamad Al-khresheh, Northern Border University, Saudi ArabiaMuhammad Mooneeb Ali, HED punjab, PakistanMuhammed Ibrahim Hamood, University of Mosul, IraqMusa Saleh, Qimam Al-Ulum Institute for Languages, Saudi ArabiaNing Li, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University (GDPU), ChinaNitin Malhotra, Gobindgarh Public College, IndiaNuriadi Nuriadi, University of Mataram, IndonesiaOlena Andrushenko, Universität Augsburg , GermanyOmsalma Ahmed, University of Hail, Saudi ArabiaÖzkanal, Ümit, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, TurkeySaif Ali Abbas Jumaah, University Of Mosul College Of Arts Dept. Media and English Communication, IraqSantri Djahimo, Nusa Cendana University, IndonesiaŞenel, Müfit, 19 Mayıs University, TurkeyServais Dieu-Donné Yédia DADJO, University of Abomey-Calavi, BeninShalini Yadav, Compucom Institute of Technology and Management, IndiaValeria Silva de Oliveira, Marinha do Brasil, BrazilWARID BIN MIHAT, Academy of Language Studies, MARA University of Technology (UiTM), MalaysiaZaldy Maglay Quines, ROYAL COMMISSION FOR JUBAIL AND YANBU, Saudi Arabia

There are over 5 million Muslims representing 25 % of the region's population living on the territory of former Yugoslavia which had roughly 20 million citizens. By comparison, there are also around 5 million Muslims living in France, a country that had several colonies in the Muslim world, but the population ratio is different compared to the 60 million of the French population. Unlike the developed countries of Europe, the economies of the Balkan countries were destroyed by numerous interethnic conflicts. After the war of the '90s, the Balkans were living in a longtime economic and social crisis and a state of organized crime. With the beginnings of party pluralism, the different religions gained their former religious identity back.In Croatia and Slovenia, the Catholicism experienced a renaissance, same as the orthodoxy did in Serbia, Macedonia and Montenegro and the Islam did in Bosnia, Albania, Kosovo, Western Macedonia and Sandzak. After the disintegration of Yugoslavia and the fall of communism in the Balkans, the opportunity for increased foreign religious influence became a reality.Today, the image of a tolerant, open Islam from the communist era is still present, although it too is affected. During the several decades of communist rule, the traditional religious networks that affirmed an Islam shielded from Wahhabist and Salafist influences were disintegrated.108The war in Bosnia and Herzegovina intensified the implantation of the mujahidin in Bosnia in 1995. The traditional Muslim imams gradually lost their authority to the newcomers in a large number of mosques. At the same time, in light of its powerlessness, the state began to lose control in the field. It is estimated that some 67 mosques are controlled by radical Islam today, especially in rural and mountainous regions.109Under the pressure of great financial resourced which flowed in from Gulf countries, the education of Bosnian imams in Egypt and Saudi Arabia began. Step by step, Salafist imams were installed in the region preaching a more radical Islam. In such a situation, it was easier to recruit future Jihadists, especially among the socially vulnerable population.110 For example, one graffiti in Pristina (Republic of Kosovo) states: "Every woman will receive 200 euro a month if she wears a niqab".111 The radicalization spread in Bosnia and Kosovo with the greatest intensity. "Bosnia and Kosovo remain the most dangerous countries in Europe due to their political weakness and the high corruption rate. More than 75.000 weapons circulate in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and one Kalashnikov can be bought for the price of 200 euro and easily brought into the Schengen region", a former police officer of the EU in Bosnia and Herzegovina points out

In the Ottoman period, one of the areas of spreading of Bektashism is Egypt. A large Bektashi lodge was established in Cairo, and the Egyptian adventure of the Dervish lodge lasting for about five centuries was closed in 1964 by the imperial administrators and their activities were terminated. The last postnish of this dervish lodge is Ahmed Sirri Dedebaba. Dedebaba graduated from Dervish College where Bektashism is still strong and fifteen-year-olds are raised in Albania. Dedebaba gathered information and shared his opinions about Bektashism in a book. In this book titled al-Muqekkeretü't-Tafsiriyye li-Sharhi't-Tarikati'l-Aliyyeti'l-Bektashiye, he gives general information on Bektashism in subheadings. The book has been translated from Arabic into Turkish Turkic before by the author but text analysis has not been done yet. The aim of the research is to reveal the knowledge and opinions of Ahmed Sirri Dedebaba concerning Bektashism and especially Bektashism in Egypt. The study was planned as qualitative research. In document analysis, Dedebaba's work called al-Muqekkeretü't-Tafsiriyye li-Sharhi't-Tarikati'l-Aliyyeti'l-Bektashiye was used. The data were collected by classifying them into code, theme and category through document analysis. In the preliminary findings obtained, it is seen that the birth of Bektashism, its short history, belief system, the names of the elders of the order, and important people of the sect form the main parts of the book. The important people of the sect occupy a wide space in the book. In these sub-titles, the rules of the dervishes such as morals, the adjectives of Sheikh, wearing the crown of the sect and Ashura day are mentioned. In the last part of the work, some terms of the Bektashism order are explained. The comparison of the prayers and rules there with Anatolian Bektashism will contribute to the enrichment of Bektashism.Extended English abstract is in the end of PDF (TURKISH) file.ÖzetAraştırma, Mısır Kahire Bektâşî Dergâhı’nın tarihi seyrini, dergâhın yayılma alanlarını ve dergâhın Osmanlı’nın son dönemlerinde son postnişini olan Ahmed Sırrı Dedebaba’nın hayatı ve Bektâşî erkan ve âdâbını içeren el-Müzekkeretü’t-Tefsîriyye li-Şerhi’t-Tarîkati’l-‘Aliyyeti’l-Bektâşîye isimli eserinin analizini kapsamaktadır. Araştırma yazarın bu eserindeki işlediği konuları katagorize etmek, sınıflandırmak ve metin analizi yapmayı amaçlamaktadır. Çalışma nitel araştırma özelliği taşımaktadır. Veriler doküman incelenmesi yoluyla elde edilip ve analizi yapılmıştır. Araştırmada Ahmed Sırrı Dedebaba’nın bu eserinde; Bektâşî Tarikatının Kaynağı ve Tarikat Hakkında Genel Bilgiler, Bektâşî Tarikatının Meşayih Silsilesi, Tarikatın Altın silsilesi, İslam’ın Yapısı ve Şartları, Bektâşî Tarikatının Doğuşu, Mücerredlik, Dervişlerin Âdâbı, Mürşid-i Kâmil’in Sıfatları, Bektâşî Tarikatına Ait Bazı Terimler, Bektâşîlerin Okuduğu Dualar ana başlıklı konular hakkında bilgi verdiği ortaya çıkmıştır. Ayrıca eserin Anadolu Bektâşîliği’nde kullanılmayan birçok evrad ve ezkarı içerdiği ve dualarda Anadolu Bektâşîliği’nden farklılıklar olduğu görülmüştür. Eser aşırılıktan uzak net bilgiler vermektedir. Aslında esere Bektâşîliğin küçük bir el kitabı denilse yanlış olmayacaktır. Eserin iyi bir sistematiği olmasa da birçok önemli konuyu ele almıştır. Eserin içeriğinden, Ahmed Sırrı Dedebaba’nın gerçekten tarikatın erkan, ibadet ve geleneklerine hakim biri oluşunun yanında onun ilmî bir derinliği olduğunu da anlamak zor değildir. Çünkü eserde tarihî, dinî ve sosyal konular kısa ve öz bir anlatımla okuyucuyu sıkmadan ve bıktırmadan anlatılmıştır. Bir eğitimci mantığıyla yazılan eserde Bektâşî Tarikatı’nın hemen hemen genel kaidelerinin tamamı ele alınmıştır. //

<em>Along with the progress and development of the business world in Indonesia, especially the city of Bandung, the more advanced the establishment of billboards both isidentil and permanent. The installation of billboards is currently increasing in number and piling up without paying attention to the predetermined procedures for organizing billboards. So it is necessary to carry out supervision or control, this regulation is an obligation of the Bandung City Civil Service Police Unit (Satpol PP) as stated in the Bandung City Regional Regulation Number 02 of 2017 in Article 19 paragraph (1) Challenge the implementation of the regulation of the implementation of advertising. However, in reality, in the implementation of billboards, there are still many people who do not follow the installation procedure and not all violations of billboard organizers can be put in order by satpol PP Bandung City. The purpose of this study is to determine the performance of Satpol PP Bandung City employees in the Regulation of Billboards 2020 and to find out the supporting and inhibiting factors in the control of violations of billboard organizers in Satpol PP Bandung City. The method used in this study is a descriptive method with a qualitative type of research. This is done in the context of collecting primary data by means of observation, interviews and documentation. In addition, data collection was carried out using several book references with research themes to support previous data. The results showed that the performance of Satpol PP Bandung City Employees in the Implementation of Billboard Control has not been optimal, this is evidenced by the many violations of billboard organizers in the city of Bandung. This is due to the lack of personnel and facilities and infrastructure. The way to overcome this is that there must be additional personnel or employees of billboard control and the provision of adequate equipment to support the implementation of advertising control in the field</em><textarea id="BFI_DATA" style="width: 1px; height: 1px; display: none;"></textarea><textarea id="BFI_DATA" style="width: 1px; height: 1px; display: none;"></textarea><div class="TnITTtw-fp-collapsed-button" style="display: block;"> </div><textarea id="BFI_DATA" style="width: 1px; height: 1px; display: none;"></textarea><div class="TnITTtw-fp-collapsed-button" style="display: block;"> </div><textarea id="BFI_DATA" style="width: 1px; height: 1px; display: none;"></textarea><div id="WidgetFloaterPanels" class="LTRStyle" style="display: none; text-align: left; direction: ltr; visibility: hidden;"><div id="WidgetFloater" style="display: none;" onmouseover="Microsoft.Translator.OnMouseOverFloater()" onmouseout="Microsoft.Translator.OnMouseOutFloater()"><div id="WidgetLogoPanel"><span 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Verse dictionaries, which first appeared in Arab geography and were written to ensure a correct understanding of the Holy Quran, began to be used over time in primary schools to teach words in a foreign language to children by taking advantage of the harmony and fluency of verse. These works, written primarily in Arabic, Persian and Turkish, but also in Greek, French, Albanian, Armenian, Bulgarian, German, and Bosnian, have attracted the attention of literary researchers in recent years. This is because they not only teach vocabulary but also shed light on the period in which they were written and reflect the culture of the relevant language. Despite being the product of practice in past centuries, these works have features that can meet today’s language teachings needs. With the increasing immigration to Türkiye and exchange programs at universities, curricula are continuously being developed, relevant centers are opening, and employment opportunities are being provided for teachers to teach Turkish to both children and adults. In this context, the question of whether the verse dictionaries used for language teaching in the Ottoman Empire can be adapted to the present day as supplementary textbooks comes to mind. The prepared study, information about the emergence, function and content of the genre in question will be given, then the benefits it will provide in teaching Turkish to adult foreigners will be emphasized and suggestions will be made regarding its applicability.

This paper seeks to make “racism” strange, by exploring its invocation in the sociolinguistic context of LGBTQI+ activism in Greece, where it is used in ways that may be jarring to anglophone readers. In my ongoing research on the conceptualisation of interwoven oppressions in Greek social movement contexts, I have been interested in understanding how the widespread use of the term “racism” as a superordinate category to reference forms of oppression not only based on “race,” “ethnicity,” and “citizenship” (e.g., racism, nationalism, xenophobia) but also those based on gender, gender identity, and sexuality (e.g., sexism, transphobia, and homophobia) relates to the increased adoption of “intersectionality” in movement discourses. In ordinary parlance, this commonplace usage of “racism” as an “umbrella term” nevertheless retains its etymological link to “race,” while its scope is extended to other regimes of superiority/inferiority or privilege/oppression. If intersectionality presupposes that oppressions are ontologically multiple and analytically separable, the use of “racism” as an umbrella concept seems to point in the other direction, implying that all forms of oppression originate from a common source, have a similar ontological basis, or generate privilege for the same social agents who deploy similar tactics vis-à-vis oppressed groups. My research examines how intersectionality – widely understood as a multi-axial theory of oppression, which contends that power relations are multiple, distinct, and irreducible to one another, yet converge simultaneously in the experiences of multiply oppressed social groups – relates to the use of “racism” as a struggle concept in Greek, but also in other languages commonly used in Greece, such as Albanian (racizmi) and Arabic (eunsuria).In this paper, I examine how these two vocabularies – of racism and intersectionality – are operative in movement discourses, but also how they shape and are shaped by activists’ perceptions, analyses, and theories of oppression.

VI դ. վերջին տասնամյակում բյուզանդական կայսերական հովանու ներքո Հովհաննես Բագավանցու գլխավորությամբ ստեղծվում է հայ քաղկեդոնական եկեղեցին՝ Ավանի մայր տաճարով (Երևանի մոտակայքում): Ի հակադրություն Վաղարշապատ-Դվինի եկեղեցու՝ նոր եկեղեցին կազմում է Ագաթանգեղոսի նոր խմբագրություն՝ ցույց տալու, որ հայ քաղկեդոնականների դարձի և նրանց եկեղեցու հիմնադիրը Գրիգոր Լուսավորիչն է: Նոր խմբագրությունը VI-VII դդ. սահմանին թարգմանվում է հունարեն և XX դ․ կ ե ս ե ր ի ն հայտնաբերվում Ժ. Գարիտի կողմից («Վարք»), իսկ VIII-IX դդ. թարգմանվում է հունարենից արաբերեն, որն էլ հայտնաբերվում է Ն. Մառի կողմից XX դ․ սկզբին: Армянская халкедонитская церковь была образована в последнем десятилетии VI в. под покровительством императора Византии. Главой ее стал Иованнес Багаванци, а кафедральный собор находился в Аване близ Еревана. Новая церковь в противовес церкви Вагаршапата-Двина создает собственную редакцию Агафангела с целью доказать, что основателем армянской халкедонитской церкви был Григорий Просветитель. Новая редакция Агафангела, на рубеже VI–VII вв. переведенная с армянского на греческий, в середине ХХ в. была обнаружена Ж. Гариттом («Житие»), а ее перевод с греческого на арабский, сделанный в VIII–IX вв., обнаружен Н. Марром в начале XX в. In the last decade of the 6th c. AD, an Armenian Chalcedonian church was created under imperial patronage headed by Hovhannes Bagavantsi – with a cathedral in Avan near Yerevan. The new church, in opposition to Dvin, created its own edition of Agathangelos to prove that the founder of the Armenian, Georgian, Albanian and Laz churches was Gregory the Illuminator. The new edition was translated from Armenian into Greek (“Hagiography”) at the border of the 6th-7th cc. AD, which was discovered by G. Garitte. It was translated from Greek into Arabic in the 8th-9th cc. and was found by N. Marr at the beginning of the 20th c.

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Jacobiasca lybica (de Bergevin) [Hemiptera: Cicadellidae] Cotton jassid. Attacks cotton, aubergine, grapevine, potato, tomato. Information is given on the geographical distribution in EUROPE, Albania, Sardinia, Sicily, Spain, Turkey, ASIA, India, Iran, Israel, Lebanaon, Saudi Arabia, South Yemen, AFRICA, Algeria, Central, African Republic Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, Libya, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Nigeria, Senegal, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Tunisia, Uganda, Zaire, SOUTH AMERICA, Argentina.

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Candidatus Phytoplasma cynodontis Marcone et al. Mollicutes: Acholeplasmatales: Acholeplasmataceae. Main host: Bermuda grass ( Cynodon dactylon ). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Africa (Ethiopia, Kenya, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda), Asia (China, India, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Malaysia, Myanmar, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, Vietnam), Europe (Albania, Italy, Serbia), North America (Cuba), Oceania (Australia, Northern Territory, Western Australia).