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Thematische Bibliographien / Aquatic insects – alaska / Zeitschriftenartikel

Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema „Aquatic insects – alaska“

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Veröffentlicht am 25. Juli 2024

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1

Francis, Tessa B., Daniel E. Schindler und Jonathan W. Moore. „Aquatic insects play a minor role in dispersing salmon-derived nutrients into riparian forests in southwestern Alaska“. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 63, Nr. 11 (01.11.2006): 2543–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f06-144.

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Recent research has highlighted the importance of nutrients derived from Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) carcasses for coastal freshwater and riparian ecosystems. To investigate the role of emerging aquatic insects in dispersing salmon nutrients from spawning streams to riparian habitats, we quantified the emergence and return rates of mayflies (Ephemeroptera), stoneflies (Plecoptera), and caddisflies (Trichoptera) on Pick Creek in southwestern Alaska and, using stable isotopes, estimated the associated flux of nutrients derived from sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) to streamside forests. Between June and September of 2004, 7.6 mg·m–2 of salmon-derived nitrogen emerged from Pick Creek in the form of aquatic invertebrates, 6.7 mg·m–2 of which was transferred to the terrestrial ecosystem. Dispersal patterns on four area streams showed that the majority of stream-borne nutrients are deposited within 25 m of the stream. Aquatic insects represent a minor vector for salmon nutrients to terrestrial systems, dispersing less than 0.03% of total nitrogen imported to Pick Creek by spawning salmon. Nevertheless, emerging insects make available salmon-derived resources otherwise inaccessible to some terrestrial consumers.

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2

Richardson, Natura, Anne H. Beaudreau, Mark S. Wipfli und Heather Finkle. „Prey partitioning and use of insects by juvenile sockeye salmon and a potential competitor, threespine stickleback, in Afognak Lake, Alaska“. Ecology of Freshwater Fish 26, Nr. 4 (25.08.2016): 586–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/eff.12302.

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3

Arostegui, M. C., und T. P. Quinn. „Trophic ecology of nonanadromous rainbow trout in a post-glacial lake system: partial convergence of adfluvial and fluvial forms“. Canadian Journal of Zoology 96, Nr. 8 (August 2018): 818–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2017-0201.

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The rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792)) is one of many salmonid species exhibiting a gradient of life histories including fluvial (stream-resident), anadromous (ocean-migrant), and adfluvial (lake-migrant) forms, the last of which is less extensively studied than the other two. Our goal was to determine the extent of diet segregation between fluvial and adfluvial rainbow trout. We collected stomach content and stable isotope data on rainbow trout sampled in stream and lake habitats in a southwestern Alaska watershed during summer and compared them with data on sympatric stream- and lake-specialist char species, Dolly Varden (Salvelinus malma (Walbaum in Artedi, 1792)) and Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus (Linnaeus, 1758)), respectively. Rainbow trout in streams fed largely on aquatic insects, while those in the lake ate primarily benthic snails and amphipods. The trophic segregation of stream-resident and lake-migrant rainbow trout mirrored but was less extreme than the divergence of lotic Dolly Varden and lentic Arctic char in the same system. Spawning sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka (Walbaum in Artedi, 1792)) provided a nutrient subsidy in the form of eggs that supported rainbow trout in both stream and lake (littoral) habitats, causing their isotopic signatures to converge. This study augments knowledge of partial migration and trophic divergence within populations.

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4

Elias, Scott A., und Susan K. Short. „Paleoecology of an Interglacial Peat Deposit, Nuyakuk, Southwestern Alaska, U.S.A.“ Géographie physique et Quaternaire 46, Nr. 1 (23.11.2007): 85–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/032890ar.

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ABSTRACT This paper reports the presence of interglacial beetle and pollen assemblages within a Pleistocene peat deposit exposed along the Nuyakuk River of southwestern Alaska. The fossil beetle assemblages contain a number of species not previously identified from eastern Beringian fossil assemblages. The Nuyakuk interglacial deposits are exposed within a 6-m-high terrace along the river, about 4 km beyond the moraine of the penultimate glaciation. Interglacial peat lies within the lowermost meter of the bluff and is overlain by fluvial gravel and loess. Insect fossils were extracted from five peat samples, yielding sixty-seven identified beetle taxa. The insect faunal diversity of the Nuyakuk assemblages is comparable to that found in regional Holocene peat samples. In contrast to assemblages of similar age from interior eastern Beringia, the Nuyakuk fauna contains significant numbers of aquatic, hygrophilous and riparian taxa. Four pollen samples from the Nuyakuk site were analyzed, providing spectra dominated by a few taxa, notably Alnus, Betula, Picea, Gramineae, Cyperaceae, Filicales, and Sphagnum, suggesting a rich alder-birch shrub tundra not much different from the modern regional vegetation. The pollen and insect fossil records also suggest climatic conditions similar to modern.

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5

Roughley, R. E., und D. J. Larson. „AQUATIC COLEOPTERA OF SPRINGS IN CANADA“. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada 123, S155 (1991): 125–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/entm123155125-1.

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AbstractThe habitat preferences of each of the 663 species of aquatic Coleoptera known from Canada and Alaska were categorized as lentic, lotic, spring-inhabiting, other, or unknown. Most species were assigned to a single habitat type although some occur in more than one habitat. The distribution of species among these habitat types is as follows: lentic, 61%; lotic, 23%; springs, 8%; other, <1%, unknown, 8%. The 63 spring-inhabiting species are distributed among the families Dytiscidae (38 species), Hydrophilidae (nine), Hydraenidae (eight), Chrysomelidae (subfamily Donaciinae) (six), Haliplidae (one), and Dryopidae (one). The diversity of these families in springs only approximately parallels their diversity in the total fauna. Several relatively diverse families (Gyrinidae, Scirtidae, and Curculionidae) are absent from springs as are some predominantly lotic families (Amphizoidae, Elmidae, and Psephenidae). About half the spring species are western (occurring in Manitoba and west), about a quarter are eastern, and a quarter are transcontinental. Most of these spring species are known from the conterminous United States and it is suggested that spring habitats within Canada are being colonized slowly from southern refugia.The habitat affinities of spring-inhabiting Dytiscidae are examined in detail. Of the 260 species occurring in Canada, 38 species occur in springs and represent about 60% of all beetle species in Canadian springs. The spring fauna of dytiscids comprises four elements: nine (24%) inhabit springs only, 11 (29%) are lotic species that also occur in springs, 12 (31%) are species that use a broad range of habitats, and six (16%) are species known otherwise only from lentic habitats. The dytiscid fauna of springs is a heterogeneous assemblage derived from many separate phylogenetic elements.

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6

Lessard, JoAnna L., und Richard W. Merritt. „Influence of marine-derived nutrients from spawning salmon on aquatic insect communities in southeast Alaskan streams“. Oikos 113, Nr. 2 (16.02.2006): 334–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2006.0030-1299.14512.x.

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7

Rinella, Daniel J., Daniel L. Bogan, Rebecca S. Shaftel und Dustin Merrigan. „New aquatic insect (Ephemeroptera, Trichoptera, and Plecoptera) records for Alaska, U.S.A.: range extensions and a comment on under-sampled habitats“. Pan-Pacific Entomologist 88, Nr. 4 (Oktober 2012): 407–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3956/2012-37.1.

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8

Thomas, Elizabeth K., Jason P. Briner, Yarrow Axford, Donna R. Francis, Gifford H. Miller und Ian R. Walker. „A 2000-yr-long multi-proxy lacustrine record from eastern Baffin Island, Arctic Canada reveals first millennium AD cold period“. Quaternary Research 75, Nr. 3 (Mai 2011): 491–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2011.03.003.

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AbstractWe generate a multi-proxy sub-centennial-scale reconstruction of environmental change during the past two millennia from Itilliq Lake, Baffin Island, Arctic Canada. Our reconstruction arises from a finely subsectioned 210Pb- and 14C-dated surface sediment core and includes measures of organic matter (e.g., chlorophyll a; carbon–nitrogen ratio) and insect (Diptera: Chironomidae) assemblages. Within the past millennium, the least productive, and by inference coldest, conditions occurred ca. AD 1700–1850, late in the Little Ice Age. The 2000-yr sediment record also reveals an episode of reduced organic matter deposition during the 6th–7th century AD; combined with the few other records comparable in resolution that span this time interval from Baffin Island, we suggest that this cold episode was experienced regionally. A comparable cold climatic episode occurred in Alaska and western Canada at this time, suggesting that the first millennium AD cold climate anomaly may have occurred throughout the Arctic. Dramatic increases in aquatic biological productivity at multiple trophic levels are indicated by increased chlorophyll a concentrations since AD 1800 and chironomid concentrations since AD 1900, both of which have risen to levels unprecedented over the past 2000 yr.

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9

Stecyk, Jonathan A. W., Christine S. Couturier, Denis V. Abramochkin, Diarmid Hall, Asia Arrant-Howell, Kerry L. Kubly, Shyanne Lockmann et al. „Cardiophysiological responses of the air-breathing Alaska blackfish to cold acclimation and chronic hypoxic submergence at 5°C“. Journal of Experimental Biology 223, Nr. 22 (05.10.2020): jeb225730. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.225730.

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ABSTRACTThe Alaska blackfish (Dallia pectoralis) remains active at cold temperatures when experiencing aquatic hypoxia without air access. To discern the cardiophysiological adjustments that permit this behaviour, we quantified the effect of acclimation from 15°C to 5°C in normoxia (15N and 5N fish), as well as chronic hypoxic submergence (6–8 weeks; ∼6.3–8.4 kPa; no air access) at 5°C (5H fish), on in vivo and spontaneous heart rate (fH), electrocardiogram, ventricular action potential (AP) shape and duration (APD), the background inward rectifier (IK1) and rapid delayed rectifier (IKr) K+ currents and ventricular gene expression of proteins involved in excitation–contraction coupling. In vivo fH was ∼50% slower in 5N than in 15N fish, but 5H fish did not display hypoxic bradycardia. Atypically, cold acclimation in normoxia did not induce shortening of APD or alter resting membrane potential. Rather, QT interval and APD were ∼2.6-fold longer in 5N than in 15N fish because outward IK1 and IKr were not upregulated in 5N fish. By contrast, chronic hypoxic submergence elicited a shortening of QT interval and APD, driven by an upregulation of IKr. The altered electrophysiology of 5H fish was accompanied by increased gene expression of kcnh6 (3.5-fold; Kv11.2 of IKr), kcnj12 (7.4-fold; Kir2.2 of IK1) and kcnj14 (2.9-fold; Kir2.4 of IK1). 5H fish also exhibited a unique gene expression pattern that suggests modification of ventricular Ca2+ cycling. Overall, the findings reveal that Alaska blackfish exposed to chronic hypoxic submergence prioritize the continuation of cardiac performance to support an active lifestyle over reducing cardiac ATP demand.

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10

Cannings, Sydney G., und Robert A. Cannings. „THE ODONATA OF THE NORTHERN CORDILLERAN PEATLANDS OF NORTH AMERICA“. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada 126, S169 (1994): 89–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/entm126169089-1.

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AbstractThe peatlands of the northern Cordillera of North America (consisting of the mountain ranges and intermontane lowlands and plateaus of British Columbia, Alberta, the Northwest Territories, the Yukon, and Alaska) support a distinctive Odonata fauna. Forty species in six families and 12 genera are typical of northwestern peatlands and another 12 species are occasional inhabitants of these environments. Of the 40 species, eight (20%) are peatland obligates and four (10%) almost always occur in such habitats. The remaining 28 (70%) are generalists and live in a wide range of aquatic habitats; nevertheless, they often are common inhabitants of, or are even dominant in, peatland environments. The fauna is dominated by the genera Aeshna Fabricius and Somatochlora Selys, with 11 and 10 species, respectively. It is also dominated by species restricted to Boreal regions (25 species, 62.5%), six (15%) of which have Holarctic distributions. The remainder of the fauna consists of eight species (20%) ranging transcontinentally in Transition Zone forests south of the Boreal Forest, five (12.5%) restricted to the Cordillera, and two (5%) with wide distributions in North America. Notes and maps summarize our knowledge of biogeographical information and previously unpublished records are listed. Significant southerly range extensions for species such as Coenagrion interrogatum (Hagen), Aeshna septentrionalis Burmeister, A. sitchensis Hagen, A. subarctica Walker, Somatochlora septentrionalis (Hagen), and Leucorrhinia patricia Walker are reported. Ecological and natural history data are outlined for each species. There do not appear to be any clear differences between the faunas of bogs and fens; dragonflies seem to respond to the habitat's form and structure rather than to its acidity or nutrient levels. Distinctive species associations result. A better understanding of the preferences of these dragonflies for different peatland microhabitats must await detailed research on oviposition behaviour and larval ecology.

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11

Walters, K. R., T. Sformo, B. M. Barnes und J. G. Duman. „Freeze tolerance in an arctic Alaska stonefly“. Journal of Experimental Biology 212, Nr. 2 (26.12.2008): 305–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.020701.

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12

Larson, D. J., L. Middle, H. Vu, W. Zhang, A. S. Serianni, J. Duman und B. M. Barnes. „Wood frog adaptations to overwintering in Alaska: new limits to freezing tolerance“. Journal of Experimental Biology 217, Nr. 12 (15.04.2014): 2193–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.101931.

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13

Gronroos, J., R. Muheim und S. Akesson. „Orientation and autumn migration routes of juvenile sharp-tailed sandpipers at a staging site in Alaska“. Journal of Experimental Biology 213, Nr. 11 (14.05.2010): 1829–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.040121.

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14

Bennett, V. A. „Comparative overwintering physiology of Alaska and Indiana populations of the beetle Cucujus clavipes (Fabricius): roles of antifreeze proteins, polyols, dehydration and diapause“. Journal of Experimental Biology 208, Nr. 23 (01.12.2005): 4467–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.01892.

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15

Sformo, T., K. Walters, K. Jeannet, B. Wowk, G. M. Fahy, B. M. Barnes und J. G. Duman. „Deep supercooling, vitrification and limited survival to -100 C in the Alaskan beetle Cucujus clavipes puniceus (Coleoptera: Cucujidae) larvae“. Journal of Experimental Biology 213, Nr. 3 (19.01.2010): 502–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.035758.

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16

Webb, Jeffrey M., Michael B. Cole und Trey Simmons. „DNA Barcoding Takes Bioassessment Further: New Distribution Records for Aquatic Macroinvertebrates from Alaskan National Parks“. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 124, Nr. 1 (13.09.2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.4289/0013-8797.124.1.131.

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17

William Country, Michael. „Winter leaves Alaskan blackfish breathless“. Journal of Experimental Biology 226, Nr. 5 (01.03.2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.244995.

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18

Alarie, Yves. „Hydradephaga (Coleoptera: Amphizoidae, Dytiscidae, Gyrinidae, Haliplidae) of the Alaska-Yukon region: new records, distributions and faunal compositions“. Aquatic Insects, 05.01.2022, 1–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01650424.2021.1983607.

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19

Butler, Malcolm G., und Shane D. Braegelman. „Pre-emergence growth and development in the arctic midge Trichotanypus alaskensis Brundin“. Journal of Limnology, 01.08.2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/jlimnol.2018.1836.

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Developing at low mean temperatures, arctic chironomids often have prolonged larval growth yet adult emergence is typically a brief and highly synchronous event. How does a midge population achieve synchronous emergence? Under the Absolute Spring Species Hypothesis (AbSS), adult eclosion by early-emerging species may be synchronized by overwintering as fully mature larvae. Such prepupal larvae would neither feed nor grow after spring thaw, only pupate and emerge. The podonomine Trichotanypus alaskensis Brundin is an abundant midge in tundra ponds on Alaska’s Arctic Coastal Plain, and one of the earliest-emerging species in this chironomid-dominated insect community. T. alaskensis is univoltine in these arctic ponds, with most emergence from any one pond occurring within less than a one-week span during late June, typically about three weeks after pond thaw. We evaluated T. alaskensis for conformity to the AbSS model by documenting the overwintering state of this species in a tundra pond near Barrow, Alaska, then monitoring larval growth and development of the population from spring thaw to pupation. Most T. alaskensis were immature instar IV larvae when collected in late September of both 2010 and 2011, with 10-30% still in late instar III. Immediately after pond thaw in 2011, all collected larvae had imaginal disc primordia showing early stages of instar IV development. Within the first two weeks following pond thaw, most larvae had doubled their dry mass and developed into mature (prepupal) final-instar larvae. Highly synchronized emergence by T. alaskensis is not a consequence of a population overwintering as fully-mature larvae, as per the Absolute Spring Species Hypothesis. Rather, larvae in a given tundra pond appear to develop synchronously throughout the life cycle, including a period of substantial growth and rapid prepupal development between spring thaw and early-summer emergence.

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