Zeitschriftenartikel: „Approximately 469 B.C“

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Morton, Lindsay McOmber, Eric A. Engels, Theodore R. Holford, Brian Leaderer, Yawei Zhang, Shelia Hoar Zahm, Peter Boyle et al. „Hepatitis C Virus and Risk of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Population-Based Case-Control Study among Connecticut Women“. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention 13, Nr. 3 (01.03.2004): 425–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.425.13.3.

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Abstract Objective: Previous epidemiologic studies of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL) have yielded conflicting results, perhaps due to differences in the classification of B-NHL and the choice of non-population-based control groups that may not reflect the background population prevalence of HCV. To further investigate the link between HCV and NHL, we conducted HCV testing on serum samples of 998 women (464 cases; 534 controls) from a population-based case-control study of women in Connecticut. Methods: Serum samples were screened for HCV antibodies using an enzyme immunoassay; positive samples were confirmed by additional testing for HCV antibodies and for serum HCV RNA. Results: Approximately 2% (8 of 464) of cases and 1% (5 of 534) of controls tested positive for HCV. The risk of NHL associated with HCV infection appeared to be concentrated among B-cell lymphomas [odds ratio (OR) 2.0; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.6, 8.2], particularly among follicular lymphomas (OR 4.1, 95% CI 0.8, 19.4). Conclusion: The primary strength of this study is our use of a population-based study design, although the low prevalence of HCV among women in Connecticut resulted in wide CIs for the estimated association between HCV and B-NHL subtypes. Our study suggests that HCV may be associated with increased risk of development of B-NHL, and that this risk may vary by B-NHL subtype among women. Due to the relatively low prevalence of HCV in our study population and the scarcity of population-based epidemiological research on this subject, our study highlights the need for additional large, population-based studies of the role of HCV in the etiology of B-NHL.

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Freitas, Leilane, Andressa J. Barbosa, Bianca A. Vale, Iracilda Sampaio und Simoni Santos. „Development of rapid and cost-effective multiplex PCR assays to differentiate catfish of the genus Brachyplatystoma (Pimelodidae–Siluriformes) sold in Brazil“. PeerJ 11 (05.06.2023): e15364. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.15364.

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The catfishes Brachyplatystoma filamentosum (Kumakuma), Brachyplatystoma vaillantii (Laulao catfish), and Brachyplatystoma rousseauxii (gilded catfish) are important fishery resources in Brazil, where they are sold both fresh and in the form of fillets or steaks. These species have morphological similarities, thus, they can be easily misidentified or substituted, especially after processed. Therefore, accurate, sensitive, and reliable methods are needed for the identification of these species to avoid commercial fraud. In the present study, we develop two multiplex PCR assays for the identification of the three catfish species. Each multiplex protocol combined three species-specific forward primers and a universal reverse primer to produce banding patterns able to discriminate the target species unequivocally. The length of the cytochrome C oxidase subunit I (COI) fragments was approximately 254 bp for B. rousseauxii, 405 bp for B. vaillantii, and 466 bp for B. filamentosum, while the control region (CR) assay produced fragments of approximately 290 bp for B. filamentosum, 451 bp for B. vaillantii, and 580 bp for B. rousseauxii. The protocols were sensitive enough to detect the target species at a DNA concentration of 1 ng/µL, with the exception of the CR of B. vaillantii, in which the fragment was only detectable at 10 ng/µL. Therefore, the multiplex assays developed in the present study were sensitive, accurate, efficient, rapid, and cost-effective for the unequivocal identification of the target species of Brachyplatystoma. They can be utilized by fish processing industries to certify their products, or by government agencies to authenticate products and prevent fraudulent commercial substitutions.

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Kou, Hao-Wei, Chih-Po Hsu, Yi-Fu Chen, Jen-Fu Huang, Shih-Chun Chang, Chao-Wei Lee, Shang-Yu Wang et al. „The Severity of Postoperative Pancreatic Fistula Predicts 30-Day Unplanned Hospital Visit and Readmission after Pancreaticoduodenectomy: A Single-Center Retrospective Cohort Study“. Healthcare 10, Nr. 1 (08.01.2022): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10010126.

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Background: Unplanned hospital visits (UHV) and readmissions after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) impact patients’ postoperative recovery and are associated with increased financial burden and morbidity. The aim of this study is to identify predictive factors related to these events and target the potentially preventable UHV and readmissions. Methods: We enrolled 518 patients in this study. Characteristics were compared between patients with or without UHV and readmissions. Results: The unplanned visit and readmission rate was 23.4% and 15.8%, respectively. Postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) grade B or C, the presence of postoperative biliary drainage, and reoperation were found to be predictive factors for UHV, whereas POPF grade B or C and the presence of postoperative biliary drainage were independently associated with hospital readmission. The most common reason for readmission was an infection, followed by failure to thrive. The overall mortality rate in the readmission group was 4.9%. Conclusions: UHV and readmissions remain common among patients undergoing PD. Patients with grade B or C POPF assessed during index hospitalization harbor an approximately two-fold increased risk of subsequent unplanned visits or readmissions compared to those with no POPF or biochemical leak. Proper preventive strategies should be adopted for high-risk patients in this population to maintain the continuum of healthcare and improve quality.

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Mitkowski, N. A. „First Report of Bacterial Wilt of Annual Bluegrass Caused by Xanthomonas translucens pv. poae in Montana“. Plant Disease 89, Nr. 9 (September 2005): 1016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-89-1016b.

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During August 2003, a golf course putting green sample composed of Poa annua from the Buffalo Hill Country Club in Kalispell, MT exhibiting symptoms of general decline, wilting, and necrosis was submitted to the University of Rhode Island Turfgrass Disease Diagnostic Laboratory. No pathogenic fungi were observed or cultured from affected plants. Bacterial streaming was observed from cut leaves. Cut leaves were surface disinfested for 5 min in a 0.6% sodium hypochlorite solution and plated on yeast dextrose calcium carbonate (YDC) agar media. A single yellow, mucoid colony type composed of rod-shaped bacteria was isolated from all leaves. Bacteria were gram negative, lacked anaerobic growth, did not fluorescence on King's medium B, and were able to grow at 33°C on YDC. Colonies were transferred to YDC for 10 days, DNA was extracted and a 2,190-bp region encompassing the 16S rRNA, ITS, and 5′ end of the 23S rRNA was amplified via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using previously published protocols (1). Sequence comparisons of the resulting 2,190-bp PCR product revealed a 99.7% sequence similarity with X. translucens pv. poae (American Type Culture Collection [ATCC] no. 33804) and a 99.8% sequence similarity with X. translucens pv. poae M-1 (Torrington, CT). No higher sequence similarity could be identified from a BLAST search. The Montana isolate and the previously described M-1 isolate were inoculated onto four replicates of 5-month-old P. annua var. annua plants by dipping cut leaves into a bacterial suspension adjusted to 109 CFU/ml in 0.9% NaCl. Control plants were dipped into 0.9% NaCl without the presence of the bacteria. All plants were placed in the greenhouse at an average daytime temperature of approximately 24°C and 12 h of sunlight. After 8 weeks, the plants were assessed for disease and checked for bacterial streaming. This experiment was repeated once. The Montana isolate caused approximately 68 and 70% leaf death and the M-1 isolate caused 21 and 25% leaf death in the two experiments. Bacterial streaming was observed in approximately 50 and 80% of the examined leaves inoculated with the M-1 and Montana isolates, respectively. Control plants showed no leaf mortality or bacterial streaming. Although this pathogen was originally identified in the United States in Michigan (2) and has been prevalent in the northeastern United States for the past 10 to 15 years, to our knowledge, this is the first report of the disease in the northwestern United States. References: (1) N. A. Mitkowski et al. Plant Dis. 89:469, 2005. (2) D. L. Roberts et al. Phytopathology 75:1289, 1985.

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Hayati, Masoumeh, Mehrdad Shamseddini, Yahya Tahamtan, Safar Sadeghzadeh, Mohsen Manavian und Davood Nikoo. „Isolation and Toxin Typing of Clostridium Perfringens From Sheep, Goats, and Cattle in Fars Province, Iran“. International Journal of Enteric Pathogens 8, Nr. 3 (30.08.2020): 89–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/ijep.2020.20.

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Background: Clostridium perfringens is an important anaerobic bacterium found in the intestine of some livestock. It is concerned with the etiology of some diseases including enterotoxaemia. Various diseases are caused by different types of C. perfringens. Nonetheless, there is no published research on molecular typing and distribution of this pathogenic microorganism in Fars province. Objectives: Accordingly, our study focused on the isolation and toxin typing of C. perfringens from sheep, cattle, and goats in different parts of Fars province by the culture and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Materials and Methods: Approximately 459 fecal samples were collected and cultured on defined media for the isolation of C. perfringens. The confirmed isolates were genotyped by the PCR method using specific primers. Results: C. perfringens was isolated from 30.93% of the total samples. The results of toxin typing showed a total of 76 (54%), 13 (9%), 30 (21%), and 23 (16%) isolates as types A, B, C, and D, respectively. Conclusion: Our results indicated that C. perfringens type A was the most common type in sheep, cattle, and goats while the lowest number of isolates belonged to type B. Finally, the isolation of C. perfringens and toxin typing increase our knowledge of the epidemiology of these diseases and can help in the vaccine industry and better controlling related diseases.

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Gunarto, Gunarto, Muliani Muliani und Abdul Mansyur. „PENGARUH APLIKASI SUMBER C- KARBOHIDRAT (TEPUNG TAPIOKA) DAN FERMENTASI PROBIOTIK PADA BUDIDAYA UDANG WINDU, Penaeus monodon POLA INTENSIF DI TAMBAK“. Jurnal Riset Akuakultur 5, Nr. 3 (28.11.2016): 393. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jra.5.3.2010.393-409.

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Penelitian bertujuan untuk membandingkan pengaruh penambahan sumber C- karbohidrat (tepung tapioka) dan fermentasi probiotik pada budidaya udang windu dengan pola intensif di tambak terutama melihat efeknya terhadap perbaikan kualitas air, pertumbuhan, sintasan, dan produksi udang windu. Enam petak tambak masing-masing ukuran sekitar 4.000 m2, setelah selesai tahap persiapan tambak (pengeringan, pembalikan tanah dasar, pengapuran, pengisian air, dan pemupukan), kemudian tambak ditebari tokolan udang windu PL-25 dengan padat tebar 20 ekor/m2. Tiga perlakuan diuji yaitu A). Penambahan tepung tapioka ke air tambak dengan dosis 62% dari total pakan yang diberikan per hari dan diberikan dalam selang waktu lima hari sekali selama masa pemeliharaan pada bulan pertama dan kemudian dengan selang waktu tiga hari sekali selama masa pemeliharaan bulan kedua hingga menjelang panen; B). Pemberian fermentasi probiotik ke air tambak sebanyak 5 mg/L/minggu; dan C). Pemberian fermentasi probiotik ke air tambak sebanyak 10 mg/L/minggu. Masing-masing perlakuan dengan dua ulangan. Sampling pertumbuhan, kualitas air, dan bakteri dilakukan setiap dua minggu sekali. Sintasan, produksi, dan nilai konversi pakan dihitung setelah udang dipanen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian tepung tapioka menyebabkan konsentrasi amoniak relatif lebih rendah di perlakuan A daripada di perlakuan B dan C, namun menunjukkan perbedaan yang tidak nyata (P>0,05) di antara ketiga perlakuan tersebut. Bahan Organik Total (BOT) pada hari ke-112 di perlakuan C paling rendah dan menunjukkan perbedaan yang nyata (P<0,05) dengan BOT di perlakuan B dan A. Juga terdapat indikasi adanya peningkatan populasi bakteri heterotrof, bakteri Sulfur Oxidizing Bacteria (SOB) di sedimen tambak, terutama di perlakuan C yang terjadi setelah masuk bulan ke-IV. Konsentrasi oksigen terlarut di perlakuan C relatif lebih tinggi daripada di perlakuan B dan A. Hal tersebut kemungkinan yang menyebabkan pertumbuhan, sintasan, dan produksi udang pada perlakuan C lebih tinggi daripada yang diperoleh pada perlakuan B dan A. Nilai konversi pakan yang terendah juga dijumpai pada perlakuan C, sedangkan yang tertinggi pada perlakuan A. Hasil analisis statistik baik pada pertumbuhan, sintasan, produksi, dan nilai konversi pakan menunjukkan perbedaan yang tidak nyata (P>0,05) di antara ketiga perlakuan yang diuji.The objective of the research was to compare the effect of addition of carbohydrate source (starch flour) and probiotics fermentation to the water quality and the growth, survival, and production of tiger shrimp in intensive brackishwater pond system. Six pond compartments each sized approximately of 4,000 m2, went through preparation stages (pond drying, ploughing, liming, filling the pond with sea water and fertilyzing). Then the ponds were stocked with tiger shrimp post larvae day 25 at stocking density of 20 ind./m2. Three treatments were tested, A). the addition of starch flour in pond water column at a dosage of 62% of the total given feed per day, and applied every five days during the first month of shrimp culture, and then every three days from the second month to harvest time; B). the addition of probiotic fermentation to the pond water column and was given at 5 mg/L/week; and C). the addition of probiotic fermentation to the pond water column and was given at 10 mg/L/week. Result of the research showed that the addition of starch flour was able to decrease the ammonia concentration in treatment A, but there was no significant difference (P>0.05) with the ammonia concentration compared to the treatment B and C. Total Organic Matter (TOM) at day 112 in treatment C was the lowest and significantly different (P<0.05) with TOM in treatment B and A. There was also an indication of increasing heterothrophic bacterial population and Sulphur Oxidizing Bacterial (SOB) in the sediment pond of treatment C in the fourth month of culture period. Dissolved oxygen in treatment C relatively was higher than those of treatment A and B. These conditions presummably have caused the higher of shrimp growth, survival rate and production in treatment C compared to the treatment A and B. The lowest of feed conversion ratio was also obtained by treatment C and the highest was treatment A. Statistical analysis on shrimp growth, survival, production, and feed convertion ratio were not significantly different (P>0.05) among those treatments.

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Manawar, Rohit B., Mitesh B. Gondaliya, Manish K. Shah, Mukesh M. Jotani und Edward R. T. Tiekink. „2-{(1E)-[(E)-2-(2,6-Dichlorobenzylidene)hydrazin-1-ylidene]methyl}phenol: crystal structure, Hirshfeld surface analysis and computational study“. Acta Crystallographica Section E Crystallographic Communications 75, Nr. 10 (10.09.2019): 1423–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2056989019012349.

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The title Schiff base compound, C14H10Cl2N2O, features an E configuration about each of the C=N imine bonds. Overall, the molecule is approximately planar with the dihedral angle between the central C2N2 residue (r.m.s. deviation = 0.0371 Å) and the peripheral hydroxybenzene and chlorobenzene rings being 4.9 (3) and 7.5 (3)°, respectively. Nevertheless, a small twist is evident about the central N—N bond [the C—N—N—C torsion angle = −172.7 (2)°]. An intramolecular hydroxy-O—H...N(imine) hydrogen bond closes an S(6) loop. In the crystal, π–π stacking interactions between hydroxy- and chlorobenzene rings [inter-centroid separation = 3.6939 (13) Å] lead to a helical supramolecular chain propagating along the b-axis direction; the chains pack without directional interactions between them. The calculated Hirshfeld surfaces point to the importance of H...H and Cl...H/H...Cl contacts to the overall surface, each contributing approximately 29% of all contacts. However, of these only Cl...H contacts occur at separations less than the sum of the van der Waals radii. The aforementioned π–π stacking interactions contribute 12.0% to the overall surface contacts. The calculation of the interaction energies in the crystal indicates significant contributions from the dispersion term.

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Geng, L., Y. Segal, A. Pavlova, E. J. Barros, C. Lohning, W. Lu, S. K. Nigam, A. M. Frischauf, S. T. Reeders und J. Zhou. „Distribution and developmentally regulated expression of murine polycystin“. American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 272, Nr. 4 (01.04.1997): F451—F459. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1997.272.4.f451.

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PKD1, the gene that is mutated in approximately 85% of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) cases in humans, has recently been identified (Eur. PKD Consortium. Cell 77: 881-894, 1994; also, erratum in Cell 78: 1994). The longest open-reading frame of PKD1 encodes polycystin, a novel approximately 460-kDa protein that contains a series of NH2-terminal adhesive domains (J. Hughes, C. J. Ward, B. Peral, R. Aspinwall, K. Clark, J. San Millan, V. Gamble, and P. C. Harris. Nat. Genet. 10: 151-160, 1995; and Int. PKD Consortium. Cell 81: 289–298, 1995) and several putative transmembrane segments. To extend studies of polycystin to an experimentally accessible animal, we have isolated a cDNA clone encoding the 3' end of Pkd1, the mouse homologue of PKD1, and raised a specific antibody to recombinant murine polycystin. This antibody was used to determine the subcellular localization and tissue distribution of the protein by Western analysis and immunocytochemistry. In the mouse, polycystin is an approximately 400-kDa molecule that is predominantly found in membrane fractions of tissue and cell extracts. It is expressed in many tissues including kidney, liver, pancreas, heart, intestine, lung, and brain. Renal expression, which is confined to tubular epithelia, is highest in late fetal and early neonatal life and drops 20-fold by the third postnatal week, maintaining this level into adulthood. Thus the temporal profile of polycystin expression coincides with kidney tubule differentiation and maturation.

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Garibaldi, A., D. Bertetti, A. Poli und M. L. Gullino. „First Report of Black Rot Caused by Phomopsis cucurbitae on Cantaloupe (Cucumis melo) in the Piedmont Region of Northern Italy“. Plant Disease 95, Nr. 10 (Oktober 2011): 1317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-06-11-0481.

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Cucumis melo L., belonging to the Cucurbitaceae family, is cultivated on more than 23,000 ha in Italy. Cantaloupe (C. melo L. var. cantalupensis Naudin) is the most popular variety. In summer 2010, a previously unknown rot was observed on fruits produced in Italy and marketed in the Piedmont Region of northern Italy. Early symptoms on fruit consisted of irregular, brown, soft, sunken lesions up to 10 cm in diameter. No surface mold was visible and pycnidia were not present. Internally, the decay is adjacent to the sunken area of the fruit's surface and is soft, water soaked, spongy, with a nearly circular margin, and easily separated from healthy tissues. Fragments (approximately 3 mm3) were taken from the margin of the internal diseased tissues, cultured on potato dextrose agar (PDA), and incubated at 24 ± 1°C, (16 h of light and 8 h of darkness). Fungal colonies initially appeared coarse, at first whitish then buff brown, and produced dark pycnidia 0.5 mm in diameter, which exuded numerous conidia belonging to two types. Type A conidia were hyaline, unicellular, ellipsoidal to fusiform, sometimes slightly constricted in the middle, and measured 5.6 to 10.3 × 1.7 to 2.6 (average 8.0 × 2.1) μm. Type B conidia were hyaline, long, slender, curved, and measured 17.1 to 26.6 × 0.7 to 1.4 (average 22.0 × 1.0) μm. Sclerotia were not produced. The morphological characteristics of the fungus corresponded to those of the genus Phomopsis (1). The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA was amplified using the primers ITS1/ITS4 and sequenced. BLAST analysis of the 543-bp segment showed a 99% similarity with the sequence of a Phomopsis sp. (GenBank Accession No. HM999947). The nucleotide sequence has been assigned the GenBank Accession No. JN032733. Both Phomopsis cucurbitae and P. sclerotioides are pathogenic to Cucurbitaceae, however P. cucurbitae is identifiable by the production of B conidia and the absence of sclerotia. Therefore, P. cucurbitae has been considered the causal agent of the disease. Pathogenicity tests were performed by inoculating three wounded cantaloupe fruits after surface disinfesting in 1% sodium hypochlorite. Six wounds per fruit, 1 cm deep, were made with a sterile needle. Mycelial disks (10 mm in diameter), obtained from PDA cultures of one strain, were placed on each wound. Three control fruits were inoculated with PDA. Fruits were incubated at 16 ± 1°C in the dark. The first symptoms developed 4 days after the artificial inoculation. Two days later, the rot developed at all inoculation points and the pathogen was consistently reisolated. Noninoculated fruit remained healthy. The pathogenicity test was performed twice with similar results. P. cucurbitae has been reported on melon in many countries (2,3). To our knowledge, this is the first report of the disease in Italy. Currently, the relevance of the disease in the country is not yet well known. However, attention must be paid considering that the pathogen can be transmitted through seeds. References: (1) H. L. Barnett and B. B. Hunter. Illustrated Genera of Imperfect Fungi. Burgess Publishing Company, Minneapolis, MN, 1972. (2) L. Beraha and M. J. O'Brien. Phytopathol. Z. 94:199, 1979. (3) E. Punithalingam and P. Holliday. Phomopsis cucurbitae. IMI Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria. 47, Sheet 469, 1975.

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Hogue, R. S., M. W. Schul, C. F. Dando und B. E. Erdman. „The effect of nitroglycerin ointment on great saphenous vein targeted venous access site diameter with endovenous laser treatment“. Phlebology: The Journal of Venous Disease 23, Nr. 5 (Oktober 2008): 222–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/phleb.2007.007076.

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Objectives To assess the effect of topically applied nitroglycerin (NTG) ointment (2%) on preoperative targeted venous access site great saphenous vein (GSV) diameter in patients undergoing endovenous laser treatment (ELT). Methods In this double-blinded randomized study design, 75 patients received either (A) treadmill ambulation only, (B) topically applied NTG ointment only, or (C) topically applied NTG ointment + treadmill ambulation. Targeted venous access vein diameters were measured before therapeutic intervention and then repeated after approximately 30 min following pretreatment intervention. Presence of venospasm and the number of ultrasound-guided venous access attempts during each ELT procedure were assessed during the study. Results The mean pretreatment vein diameter was 2.6 mm (range 0.9–4.9 mm). The post-treatment percentage change in vein diameter for group A (treadmill ambulation only) was +2.7% ( P = 0.403), whereas group B (NTG only) and group C (NTG + treadmill ambulation) demonstrated significant venodilatation of +69.0% ( P < 0.0001) and +51.7% ( P < 0.0001), respectively. Statistical analysis of variances and multivariate linear regression model revealed topically applied NTG ointment and ‘C’ classification of clinical, aetiological, anatomical and pathological elements (CEAP) were each significant predictors for venodilatation percentage change ( P < 0.001 and = 0.028, respectively). Conclusion Pretreatment with topically applied NTG ointment (2%) produced a statistically significant, as well as subjective clinically significant venodilatation change in the targeted venous access site diameter of patients undergoing ELT of the GSV in this study.

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Alamiri, Jamal, Mohamed E. Ahmed, Jack R. Andrews, Ayca Dundar, Giovanni Motterle, Jeffrey Karnes, Eugene D. Kwon, Alan Haruo Bryce, Ayse T. Kendi und Michael S. Bold. „Radiographic paradoxical response in patients with metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) undergoing treatment with second-generation hormone therapy (second-HT).“ Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, Nr. 15_suppl (20.05.2020): 5577. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.5577.

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5577 Background: Prostate specific antigen (PSA) has well-recognized limitations as a marker for treatment response and disease progression. A post hoc analysis of the PREVAIL trial reported 24.5% of chemotherapy naïve mCRPC patients on enzalutamide had radiographic progression on conventional imaging with non-rising PSA. In this study, we sought to retrospectively compare PSA levels with C-11 choline positron emission tomography/ computed tomography (PET/CT) images in patients with m-CRPC on 2nd-HT with prior use of chemotherapy. Methods: We identified 123 patients with mCRPC on 2nd-HT following prior use of docetaxel chemotherapy (Abiraterone, n = 106; Enzalutamide, n = 17). Patients underwent serial PSA testing and C-11 choline PET/ CTs every 3–6 months. Disease progression was defined by the increase in blood pool corrected maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of the index lesion on C-11 choline PET/CT scan. Suspicious lesions were confirmed by biopsy and/or conventional imaging. Results: Approximately 43% (n = 53) of patients had radiographic disease progression while on 2nd-HT. At time of radiographic progression, 60.4% of patients showed a parallel rise in PSA (Group-A), while 39.6% showed a paradoxical response; defined as radiographic progression with stable or down-trending PSA (Group-B). Median PSA at time of progression was 3.1 ng/ml for Group-A, and 1.3 ng/ml for Group-B (p-value = 0.0176). Median SUVmax was the same (4.9 Group-A, 4.6 Group-B; p-value = 0.6072). Bone-predominance progression was more significant in Group-B (90%) versus Group-A (65%) (p-value = 0.0309). The median time for radiographic progression was 9.5 months versus 3.9 months for Group-A and Group-B, respectively (Log-Rank = 0.0063). Conclusions: Metabolic imaging is a useful tool that should complement PSA in the evaluation of treatment response and disease progression in mCRPC patients on 2nd-HT, especially considering the paradoxical response observed in our data.

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Bosma, Elleke F., Antonius H. P. van de Weijer, Martinus J. A. Daas, John van der Oost, Willem M. de Vos und Richard van Kranenburg. „Isolation and Screening of Thermophilic Bacilli from Compost for Electrotransformation and Fermentation: Characterization of Bacillus smithii ET 138 as a New Biocatalyst“. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 81, Nr. 5 (02.01.2015): 1874–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.03640-14.

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ABSTRACTThermophilic bacteria are regarded as attractive production organisms for cost-efficient conversion of renewable resources to green chemicals, but their genetic accessibility is a major bottleneck in developing them into versatile platform organisms. In this study, we aimed to isolate thermophilic, facultatively anaerobic bacilli that are genetically accessible and have potential as platform organisms. From compost, we isolated 267 strains that produced acids from C5and C6sugars at temperatures of 55°C or 65°C. Subsequently, 44 strains that showed the highest production of acids were screened for genetic accessibility by electroporation. TwoGeobacillus thermodenitrificansisolates and oneBacillus smithiiisolate were found to be transformable with plasmid pNW33n. Of these,B. smithiiET 138 was the best-performing strain in laboratory-scale fermentations and was capable of producing organic acids from glucose as well as from xylose. It is an acidotolerant strain able to produce organic acids until a lower limit of approximately pH 4.5. As genetic accessibility ofB. smithiihad not been described previously, six otherB. smithiistrains from the DSMZ culture collection were tested for electroporation efficiencies, and we found the type strain DSM 4216Tand strain DSM 460 to be transformable. The transformation protocol forB. smithiiisolate ET 138 was optimized to obtain approximately 5 × 103colonies per μg plasmid pNW33n. Genetic accessibility combined with robust acid production capacities on C5and C6sugars at a relatively broad pH range makeB. smithiiET 138 an attractive biocatalyst for the production of lactic acid and potentially other green chemicals.

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Erkorkmaz, Kaan, und Yusuf Altintas. „Quintic Spline Interpolation With Minimal Feed Fluctuation“. Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 127, Nr. 2 (25.04.2005): 339–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1830493.

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This paper presents a parameterization and an interpolation method for quintic splines, which result in a smooth and consistent feed rate profile. The discrepancy between the spline parameter and the actual arc length leads to undesirable feed fluctuations and discontinuity, which elicit themselves as high frequency acceleration and jerk harmonics, causing unwanted structural vibrations and excessive tracking error. Two different approaches are presented that alleviate this problem. The first approach is based on modifying the spline tool path so that it is optimally parameterized with respect to its arc length, which allows it to be accurately interpolated in real-time with minimal complexity. The second approach is based on scheduling the spline parameter to accurately yield the desired arc displacement (hence feed rate), either by approximation of the relationship between the arc length and the spline parameter with a feed correction polynomial, or by solving the spline parameter iteratively in real-time at each interpolation step. This approach is particularly suited for predetermined spline tool paths, which are not arc-length parameterized and cannot be modified. The proposed methods have been compared to approximately arc-length C3 quintic spline parameterization (Wang, F.-C., Wright, P. K., Barsky, B. A., and Yang, D. C. H., 1999, “Approximately Arc-Length Parameterized C3 Quintic Interpolatory Splines,” ASME J. Mech. Des, 121, No. 3., pp. 430–439) and first- and second-order Taylor series interpolation techniques (Huang, J.-T., and Yang, D. C. H., 1992, “Precision Command Generation for Computer Controlled Machines,” Precision Machining: Technology and Machine Development and Improvement, ASME-PED 58, pp. 89–104; Lin, R.-S. 2000, “Real-Time Surface Interpolator for 3-D Parametric Surface Machining on 3-Axis Machine Tools,” Intl. J. Mach. Tools Manuf., 40, No.10, pp. 1513–1526) in terms of feed rate consistency, computational efficiency, and experimental contouring accuracy.

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Chen, Yung-Chuan, Hsing-Hui Huang und Chen-Wei Weng. „Failure analysis of a re-design knuckle using topology optimization“. Mechanical Sciences 10, Nr. 2 (26.08.2019): 465–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ms-10-465-2019.

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Abstract. In this study, a systematic design process is carried out for the design of the knuckle. A systematic method is proposed for the design and analysis of a lightweight steering knuckle in an electric vehicle. In the proposed approach, a finite element (FE) model of the knuckle is constructed based on an inspection of the suspension and steering requirements of the target vehicle and the results of a kinematic analysis. A two-stage topology optimization method is then applied to refine the material distribution within the FE model in such a way as to minimize the knuckle weight. Finally, FE simulations are performed to evaluate the strength of the knuckle under road impact conditions and to determine the fatigue life of the knuckle for four ISO 8608 road classes (A–D). The results show that the optimized knuckle has a weight of 3.64 kg (approximately 6.2 % lighter than the original knuckle of the same strength and material) and achieves fatigue lives of 2.512×1011, 2.972×108, 5.598×103 and 2.432×101 cycles for road classes A, B, C and D, respectively.

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Ng, K. H., A. Lavigueur, L. Ricard, M. Boivrette, S. Maclean, D. Cloutier und D. M. Gibson. „Characterization of allelic V kappa-1 region genes in inbred strains of mice.“ Journal of Immunology 143, Nr. 2 (15.07.1989): 638–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.143.2.638.

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Abstract Germ line genes encoding mouse Ig kappa-chains belonging to the V kappa-1 group have been isolated from BALB/c, NZB, and CE, three inbred strains of differing kappa haplotype. The V kappa-1A and V kappa-1C germ line genes isolated from BALB/c (Ig kappa c) were identical to those previously described. These are the two major V kappa-1 germ line genes in BALB/c and together account for 40 of the 53 expressed V kappa-1 sequences that have been reported to date. Allelic differences in a single germ line variable region gene (V kappa-1A) in different strains of mice explain the differences in L chain IEF patterns previously associated with the Ig kappa-Ef2 locus. The rearranged kappa-gene expressed in the BALB/c myeloma MOPC-460 has been isolated and found to represent a V kappa-1A somatic variant differing by three nucleotides from the germ line V kappa-1A gene. Germ line genes isolated from NZB (Ig kappa b) and CE (Ig kappa f) show greater than 95% identity with the BALB/c genes over the 1700 nucleotides compared. Comparison by region indicated the greatest conservation of sequence occurs in and around the leader exon followed by the V-region exon. The NZB gene encodes the amino acid sequence found in the myeloma PC-2205, previously designated V kappa-1B. The V kappa-1 gene isolated from CE is likely an allele of the BALB/c V kappa-1C gene as the two share greater than 96% identity over 1700 nucleotides. The CE gene has been designated V kappa-1Cf. Ancient remnants of LINE-1 repetitive elements were detected approximately 400 bp downstream of all of the V kappa-1 genes. These possess greater homology with repetitive elements found near other kappa genes than they do with the native L1Md sequence.

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Okudera, Hiroki, Yuka Sakai, Kentaro Yamagata und Hiroaki Takeda. „Structure of russellite (Bi2WO6): origin of ferroelectricity and the effect of the stereoactive lone electron pair on the structure“. Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science, Crystal Engineering and Materials 74, Nr. 3 (23.05.2018): 295–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2052520618006133.

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The structure of the low-temperature polar (orthorhombic) phase of russellite (Bi2WO6) was examined on artificial specimens with precise single-crystal X-ray diffraction experiments. The final atomic arrangement thus obtained was identical to that reported by Knight [Miner. Mag. (1992), 56, 399–409] with powder neutron diffraction. The residual density attributable to a stereochemically-active lone pair of electrons of bismuth was prominent at approximately the centre of a larger cap of BiO8 square antiprisms, that is on the line from the Bi sites to an adjacent WO4 2− slab along the b-axis direction. Quite uneven Bi—O distances and the formation of a vacant coordination hemisphere (within 3 Å) should, therefore, be ascribed to the strong demand of bismuth to form shorter Bi—O bonds to use up its electrostatic charge within its coordination environment. The shift of bismuth along −c propagates via the correlated shift of the W site and these cooperative shifts cause ferroelectricity in the compound. This propagation was easily effected by the intrusion of molecules such as acetone into the structure.

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Le Thi, Thuy, Trang Vu Thi, Giang Tran Hoang, Van Tran Mai und Hong Hao Le Thi. „Simultaneous determination some of b group vitamins in nutritional products by liquid chromatography tamdem mass spectrometry following enzymatic hydrolysis“. Heavy metals and arsenic concentrations in water, agricultural soil, and rice in Ngan Son district, Bac Kan province, Vietnam 2, Nr. 1 (22.02.2019): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.47866/2615-9252/vjfc.56.

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Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed for the simultaneous qualification of relevant forms of B group vitamins including vitamin B1, B2, B3 and B6 in nutritional products. Samples are hydrolyzed by enzymatic digestion at 37ºC in the shaking water bath within approximately 12 to 14 hours. Papain and α-amylase enzymes were used to hydrolize the protein and complex carbohydrate. Acid phosphatase was used to cut phosphoryl links to form free vitamin forms. The separation was achieved on a C18 column (100mm×2.1mm×1.7μm). Analytes were eluted with the mobile phase of 10 mM ammonium formate and methanol by gradient program at a flow rate of 0.15 mL/min. The calibration curves ranged from 0.2 to 2000 ng/mL with the correlation coefficients > 0.998. Limits of detection and quantification of method ranged from 2.7 to 3.8 μg/100g and 9.1 - 12.6 μg/100g, respectively. The method was validated at three different concentrations with the recovery of 80 - 110%, relative standard deviation of repeatability, RSDr %, of 2.61 - 4.69%, and intermediate reproducibility, RSDR% of 3.40 - 9.69%. The method was applied to simultaneously determine the four water soluble vitamins in several of nutritional products.  

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Ali, Md Ashraf, Shuji Noguchi, Miteki Watanabe, Yasunori Iwao und Shigeru Itai. „The antitumour drug 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin monohydrate and its solid-state hydrolysis mechanism on heating“. Acta Crystallographica Section C Structural Chemistry 72, Nr. 10 (23.09.2016): 743–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053229616014492.

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7-Ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin [systematic name: (4S)-4,11-diethyl-4,9-dihydroxy-1H-pyrano[3′,4′:6,7]indolizino[1,2-b]quinoline-3,14(4H,12H)-dione, SN-38] is an antitumour drug which exerts activity through the inhibition of topoisomerase I. The crystal structure of SN-38 as the monohydrate, C22H20N2O5·H2O, reveals that it is a monoclinic crystal, with one SN-38 molecule and one water molecule in the asymmetric unit. When the crystal is heated to 473 K, approximately 30% of SN-38 is hydrolyzed at its lactone ring, resulting in the formation of the inactive carboxylate form. The molecular arrangement around the water molecule and the lactone ring of SN-38 in the crystal structure suggests that SN-38 is hydrolyzed by the water molecule at (x,y,z) nucleophilically attacking the carbonyl C atom of the lactone ring at (x − 1,y,z − 1). Hydrogen bonding around the water molecules and the lactone ring appears to promote this hydrolysis reaction: two carbonyl O atoms, which are hydrogen bonded as hydrogen-bond acceptors to the water molecule at (x,y,z), might enhance the nucleophilicity of this water molecule, while the water molecule at (−x,y + {1\over 2}, −z), which is hydrogen bonded as a hydrogen-bond donor to the carbonyl O atom at (x − 1,y,z − 1), might enhance the electrophilicity of the carbonyl C atom.

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Barbosa, J. C., A. P. M. Teixeira, A. G. Moreira, L. E. A. Camargo, A. Bergamin Filho, E. W. Kitajima und J. A. M. Rezende. „First Report of Tomato chlorosis virus Infecting Tomato Crops in Brazil“. Plant Disease 92, Nr. 12 (Dezember 2008): 1709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-92-12-1709c.

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During 2006 and 2007 in the region of Sumaré, state of São Paulo, Brazil, surveys were done on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) virus diseases in three open field-grown crops. The data revealed low incidence (0.25 to 3.42%) of randomly distributed plants exhibiting interveinal chlorosis and some necrosis on the basal leaves. Symptoms were only observed on old fruit-bearing plants. Preliminary analysis of thin sections of symptomatic leaves from one plant by transmission electron microscopy revealed the presence of aggregates of thin, flexible, and elongated particles in some phloem vessels, suggesting infection with a member of the genus Crinivirus, family Closteroviridae. Total RNA was extracted separately from leaves of 10 symptomatic plants and used for one-step reverse transcription (RT)-PCR using the HS-11/HS-12 primer pair, which amplifies a fragment of 587 bp from the highly conserved region of the heat shock protein (HSP-70) homolog gene reported for Tomato infectious chlorosis virus (TICV) and Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) (1). The RT-PCR product was subsequently tested by nested-PCR for single detection of TICV and ToCV using primer pairs TIC-3/TIC-4 and ToC-5/ToC-6, respectively (1). Only one fragment of approximately 463 bp was amplified from 7 of the 10 plants with the primer pair specific for ToCV. No amplification was obtained with the primers specific for TICV. Two amplicons of 463 bp were purified and directly sequenced in both directions. Sequence comparisons of the 463-bp consensus sequence (GenBank Accession No. EU868927) revealed 99% identity with the reported sequence of ToCV from the United States (GenBank Accession No. AY903448) (3). Virus-free adults of Bemisia tabaci biotype B confined on symptomatic tomato leaves for a 24-h acquisition access period were able to transmit the virus to healthy tomato plants, which reproduced the original symptoms on the bottom leaves 65 days after inoculation under greenhouse conditions. Infection from transmission was confirmed by RT-PCR using the HS-11/HS-12 primer pair. In addition to B. tabaci biotype B, the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, has also been reported as a vector of ToCV, although it is less efficient than the B. tabaci biotype B in transmission of this virus (4). T. vaporariorum, which was previously considered limited to greenhouses, was recently reported in tomato and green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) crops under field conditions in São Paulo State (2). Therefore, it might also contribute to the spread of ToCV in tomato crops in São Paulo. To our knowledge, this is the first report of ToCV in Brazil and South America. References: (1) C. I. Dovas et al. Plant Dis.86:1345, 2002. (2) A. L. Lourenção et al. Neotrop. Entomol. 37:89, 2008. (3) W. M. Wintermantel et al. Arch. Virol. 15:2287, 2005. (4) W. M. Wintermantel and G. C. Wisler. Plant Dis. 90:814, 2006.

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Кононов, Н. Н., Д. В. Давыдова, С. С. Бубенов und С. Г. Дорофеев. „Электрические и оптические характеристики пленок из наночастиц Si, нанесенных на подложки высоковольтным электронапылением из золей в этаноле“. Журнал технической физики 53, Nr. 4 (2019): 562. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/ftp.2019.04.47458.8986.

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Abstract The paper describes the results of studying the optical and electrical characteristics of films made of silicon nanoparticles (nc-Si) deposited on substrates by high-voltage electrospray from sols of nc-Si in ethanol. It was found that the interaction of ethanol droplets carrying nc-Si with an electric field of corona discharge leads to polymerization of ethanol and formation of a polymer layer on the nanoparticle surface. The geometry and electric field strength in the flow area of ethanol droplets could be changed by means of the focusing electrode in the high-voltage device. As a result we could make nc-Si films with different kind of polymer layer on Si nanoparicle surface: nc-Si A and nc-Si B (the films deposited without and with focusing electrode, respectively). The optical band gap Eg of nc-Si A films increased from 1.9 to 2.2 eV after annealing at the temperatures from room one to 400◦C in air atmosphere. The Eg of the nc-Si B films was independent on annealing and was 1.85 eV. The constancy of Eg in nc-Si B films is explained by the polymer properties on the Si nanoparticles surface in these films and more effective blocking the penetration of oxygen atoms from the surrounding atmosphere during annealing to temperatures of 400◦C than in the case of the polymer in nc-Si A films. The temperature dependences of the conductivity (dark and photo) of nc-Si A films are approximated with good accuracy by two exponential functions, the dark activation energies of the films being approximately equal to 0.75 and 0.1 eV. The conductivity of nc-Si A films decreased noticeably when illuminated with radiation in the range 460−470 nm The temperature dependences of the conductivity of nc-Si B films with good accuracy is approximated by one-exponential function of the activation type with activation energies of 0.73 (dark) and 0.59 eV (photo). In contrast to the nc-Si A films, the photoconductivity of nc-Si B films increase by more than 4 times with respect to the dark conductivity when the films were illuminated anologically. The nc-Si B films are photoactive, since sandwich-like structures of Al/nc-Si B/Al can generate emf. The dark and photo-conductivity of nc-Si A films in the voltage range > 2V is determined by the two-center Poole−Frenkel effect, the concentration of the centers that determine the character of the Poole−Frenkel conductivity was 3 · 1017 cm−3. In nc-Si B films in the voltage range 2−5V, the electronic transport is determined by space-charge-limited currents (SCLC) and at higher voltages by the two-center Pool−Frenkel conduction. The concentration of traps contributing to SCLC in the films is 4 · 1016 cm−3. The concentration of the Pool−Frenkel centers, decreases from 3 · 1016 to 2 · 1014 cm−3 with decreasing temperature in the range 120−400◦C according to the activation law with an activation energy of 0.7 eV.

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Dreaden, T. J., A. W. Black, S. Mullerin und J. A. Smith. „First Report of Diplodia quercivora Causing Shoot Dieback and Branch Cankers on Live Oak (Quercus virginiana) in the United States“. Plant Disease 98, Nr. 2 (Februar 2014): 282. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-07-13-0736-pdn.

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In September 2010, live oak (Quercus virginiana Mill.) trees in an Alachua County, FL, shopping center parking lot were observed with shoot dieback and cankers on small branches. Isolations were made from canker margins by surface sterilizing tissue in 2.5% sodium hypochlorite and plating on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and incubating at 23°C. Fungi morphologically similar to Diplodia quercivora Linaldeddu & A.J.L. Phillips (mycelium initially velvety and white and later turning pale to dark olivaceous and grayish in reverse) were consistently isolated from symptomatic tissue (2). The two loci used by Linaldeddu et al. (2) in the description of D. quercivora were sequenced to identify a representative isolate (PL1345) as D. quercivora. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) (GenBank Accession No. KF386635) and translation factor 1-alpha (EF-1α) (KF386636) regions were amplified and sequenced using primers ITS1F/ITS4 (3) and EF1-728F/EF1-986R (1). BLASTn searches of the two sequences resulted in 99% (467 of 469 and 257 of 259, respectively) homology with D. quercivora CBS 133852, confirming the fungal isolates' identity as D. quercivora. In October 2011, Koch's postulates were verified by inoculating, repeated twice, three Q. virginiana saplings (stem diameters, 12 to 14 mm; at inoculation sites approximately 50 mm above soil line) with isolate PL1345. Agar plugs (3 × 3 mm) taken from the margin of a 12-day-old culture on PDA were inserted into flaps in the stems made by a sterile blade with the mycelia facing the cambial tissue. One negative control tree was mock inoculated with a sterile PDA plug. All inoculation sites were sealed with Parafilm and maintained in a greenhouse (19 to 29°C). Trees were assessed for symptoms 90 days after inoculation. External bleeding was noted on all but one tree, and all flaps became necrotic. Pycnidia were observed on the outer surface of the flap on one inoculated tree. Negative controls showed no bleeding and their tissue flaps remained alive. Vertical length of phloem necrosis and percent of stem girdling were measured after removing the bark. Mean necrotic length and percent girdling for inoculated saplings were 48 mm (standard error [SE] = 10.6) and 26.6% (SE = 5.7) for the first inoculation and 46 mm (SE = 17) and 25% (SE = 5) for the second, respectively. Controls showed no internal necrosis and all produced healthy callus tissue at inoculation sites. Two of the pathogen-inoculated trees per inoculation were sampled and the pathogen was re-isolated from each. Recovered fungal isolates were confirmed as D. quercivora based on morphology and 100% ITS sequence homology to PL1345. D. quercivora was first described as causing shoot dieback and cankers on Q. canariensis in Tunisia and was found to be pathogenic to three additional Mediterranean oak species, Q. ilex, Q. pubescens, and Q. suber (2). To our knowledge, this is the first report of D. quercivora causing cankers on Q. virginiana and the first report of the fungus outside of Tunisia. Given the damage this pathogen has caused there, efforts to monitor the spread of this disease would seem warranted. More research is needed to assess the risk this pathogen poses to North American oaks, however. References: (1) I. Carbone et al. Mycologia 91:553, 1999. (2) B. T. Linaldeddu et al. Mycologia 105:1266, 2013. (3) T. J. White et al. PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. Academic Press, San Diego, 1990.

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Cazenave, Jean-Pierre, Hervé Isola, Marie-Louise Wiesel, Daniel Kientz, Michel Laforêt, Linda Pinkoski, Yasmin Singh und Laurence Corash. „Coagulation Factor Activity in Therapeutic Plasma Prepared from Whole Blood with Pathogen Inactivation (INTERCEPT™) Treatment.“ Blood 108, Nr. 11 (16.11.2006): 4149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v108.11.4149.4149.

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Abstract Background. A photochemical treatment (PCT) using amotosalen HCl (S-59) and UVA light was developed to inactivate pathogens and leukocytes in therapeutic plasma (INTERCEPT™, I-FFP) frozen within 8 hr of collection. Previous studies demonstrated a broad spectrum of pathogen inactivation (Transfusion2006;46:1168) and clinical efficacy of I-FFP for support of coagulopathies (Transfusion2005;45:1362; Blood2006; 107:3753), and plasma exchange of TTP (Transfusion 2006;46). Preparation of therapeutic plasma from whole blood would complement blood center logistics and reduce the cost of therapeutic frozen plasma provided sufficient coagulation factors were retained. Aims. We measured coagulation factors in plasma isolated from whole blood held overnight at controlled temperature (21 ± 3°C), processed with pathogen inactivation, and frozen within 18 hr of blood collection. Methods. Whole blood units, approximately 460 mL, anticoagulated with CPD (Baxter, La Chatre, France) were drawn from group A, O, B and AB donors. Units were processed after 16 hr storage, and plasma was isolated by centrifugation. Two to 3 plasma units of matched blood group were pooled (n = 30: A = 14, O = 14, B = 1, AB =1) to a final volume of 635 mL. Baseline samples for assay of coagulation factors were withdrawn. Each of 30 pools was mixed with 15 mL of 6 mM amotosalen (150 uM: final concentration) and illuminated with a 3 J/cm2 UVA treatment. Following illumination (~ 8 min) and passage through a flow compound adsorption device (~20 min) to reduce levels of residual S-59, treated plasma units (650 mL) were divided into 3 equal storage units of ≥ 200 mL. Before freezing, post-treatment samples for assay of coagulation factors were withdrawn for assay of coagulation factors. Treated plasma units were flash frozen at -80°C, and transferred to −30°C for 12-month storage. Treated units were withdrawn after 1 month to measure total protein, albumin, IgG, IgM, IgA, fibrinogen, factors II, V, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, VIII-vWF, Proteins C and S, AT III, plasminogen, alpha-2 antiplasmin, D-dimers, PT, and APTT. Results. Baseline coagulation factor levels (Mean ± SD) were in suitable therapeutic ranges. After PCT, all units had residual platelets < 1×109/L, WBC < 1×104/L, and RBC < 1 × 109/L. After PCT and frozen storage for 1 month, total protein (59 ± 2 g/L), albumin (38 ± 1 g/L), IgG (8.9 ± 1.1g/L), IgA (1.8 ± 0.4 g/L) and IgM (0.9 ± 0.3 g/L) were unchanged from baseline. Mean values for fibrinogen (g/L), coagulation factors (IU/dL), coagulation inhibitors (IU/dL), were variably reduced from baseline, but within ranges defined as suitable for therapeutic plasma (Table). There was no evidence of plasma activation. Conclusions. Plasma prepared from whole blood after storage on cooling plates before processing with the INTERCEPT system for pathogen inactivation retained coagulation factor activity levels after frozen storage (−30°C) in conformance with French national standards for therapeutic frozen plasma (FP). Approximately 36 units (200 mL) could be prepared per hr of illumination time with this system.

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Lee, H. B., C. J. Kim und H. Y. Mun. „First Report of Stem Blight on Perilla (Perilla frutescens) Caused by Corynespora cassiicola in Korea“. Plant Disease 93, Nr. 5 (Mai 2009): 550. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-93-5-0550a.

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Perilla or kkaennip (Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton), an annual herb of the mint family, Lamiaceae, is used in salads and kimchi and for wrapping sliced raw fish. In September 2007, a disease occurred on greenhouse-produced perilla (cv. Manchu) in Gwangyang and Jeonnam provinces, Korea. Symptoms included leaf blight and irregularly shaped stem lesions approximately 1 to 3 cm long. Plants eventually died. In some greenhouses, 10 to 30%, and occasionally as much as 70%, of the plants were affected. Isolations on potato dextrose agar yielded a fungus with single conidiophores (439 to 656 [average 524] μm long × 6.2 to 11.6 [average 9.2] μm wide) with three to eight septa. Conidia were fusiform, obclavate to subcylindrical, straight or curved, and 30.4 to 180.1 (average 98.2) μm long × 6.7 to 18.1 (average 10.5) μm wide with 5 to 16 (commonly 13) distosepta. On the basis of morphological data and ITS rDNA sequences, the fungus was identified as Corynespora cassiicola (Berk. & Curt.) Wei. (1,2). Sequences of one isolate, EML-COR1, were more than 99% identical to sequences of C. cassiicola ATCC64204 (GenBank Accession No. AY238606) and C. cassiicola (GenBank Accession No. EF490450). In pathogenicity tests, the stems and leaves of two 2-month-old wounded and nonwounded potted plants (cv. Manchu) were sprayed until runoff with a conidial suspension of 5 × 104 conidia per ml. The plants were maintained for 48 h in a humid chamber and then moved to a greenhouse. Symptoms similar to those observed in the commercial greenhouse developed on wounded stems within 10 days. On nonwounded plants, symptoms developed 3 to 4 weeks after inoculation. C. cassiicola was reisolated from these lesions. Control plants (sprayed with distilled water) remained symptomless. The experiment was repeated with similar results. Although C. cassiicola causes blight of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), sesame (Sesamum indicum L.), and other crops, to our knowledge, this is the first report of C. cassiicola on perilla. References: (1) M. B. Ellis. Page 372 in: Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes. 1971. (2) J. L. D. Silva et al. Plant Pathol. 55:580, 2006.

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Chen, C. C., C. A. Chang, H. T. Tsai und H. T. Hsu. „Identification of a Potyvirus Causing Latent Infection in Calla Lilies“. Plant Disease 88, Nr. 9 (September 2004): 1046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2004.88.9.1046a.

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A new potyvirus designated as Calla lily latent virus (CLLV) was isolated from apparently healthy calla lilies (Zantedeschia spp.) collected from nurseries in Taichung County, Taiwan. Different from most calla lily-infecting potyviruses, CLLV infects Chenopodium quinoa and develops local lesions on inoculated leaves (3). Typical potyvirus particles approximately 780 nm long were detected from CLLV-induced C. quinoa local lesions. CLLV was transmitted readily to and established in C. quinoa. Attempts to establish CLLV infection in calla lilies from extracts of C. quinoa lesions were not successful. The virus was transmitted from infected to healthy calla lilies with difficulty. A 1.3-kb cDNA product was amplified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) from CLLV-infected calla lilies and C. quinoa using potyvirus degenerate primers (2). The PCR product was cloned and sequenced. It was found to consist of 1,339 nucleotides (nt) (GenBank Accession No. AF469171) corresponding to the genome organization of the 3′terminal region of potyviruses. The deduced amino acid sequence contains 362 residues encoding the 3′terminal region of the nuclear inclusion b gene (80 residues) and the complete coat protein (CP) gene (282 residues). A 253-nt noncoding region (NCR) was found at the 3′terminal region of the cDNA. By comparing with known sequences of potyviruses, CLLV was identified as a new species of Potyvirus based on the uniqueness in the CP gene and 3′ NCR. Soybean mosaic virus and Watermelon mosaic virus 2 are the potyviruses most similar to CLLV, but they share only approximately 80% nucleotide identity with CLLV in the CP and NCR regions. Attempts to purify sufficient CLLV from C. quinoa for antiserum preparation were not successful. Alternatively, polyclonal antibodies were produced using E. coli-expressed CLLV CP (1). The antibodies were useful for detection of CLLV and its CP in calla lilies using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, sodium dodecyl sulfate-immunodiffusion, immuno-specific electron microscopy, and western blot. Field surveys showed that calla lily plants found positive for CLLV by serological methods always remained symptomless throughout the six-month growing season. Occasionally, CLLV was detected in symptomatic calla lilies, but these plants were consistently confirmed dually infected by other viruses (Dasheen mosaic virus and Konjak mosaic virus found most commonly). Infection of CLLV alone in calla lilies may not have a direct impact on the production and marketing of the crop. Synergism is not currently known when calla lilies are coinfected with other viruses. CLLV is spread by vegetative propagation through infected rhizomes or tubers. References: (1) C. C. Chen et al. Plant Dis. 87:901–905, 2003. (2) S. S. Pappu et al. Plant Dis. 82:1121–1125, 1998. (3) F. W. Zettler and R. D. Hartman. Pages 464–470 in: Virus and Virus-like Diseases of Bulb and Flower Crops. G. Loebenstein et al., eds. John Wiley and Sons Inc., UK, 1995.

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Soares, CJ, JC Pereira, SJB Souza, MS Menezes und SR Armstrong. „The Effect of Prophylaxis Method on Microtensile Bond Strength of Indirect Restorations to Dentin“. Operative Dentistry 37, Nr. 6 (01.10.2012): 602–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/11-459-l.

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SUMMARY The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different materials used for dentin prophylaxis on the microtensile bond strengths (μTBS) of adhesively cemented indirect composite restorations. Sixty bovine incisors had the buccal surface ground with wet #600-grit silicon carbide abrasive paper to obtain a flat exposed superficial dentin and were submitted to different prophylaxis protocols, as follows: 3% hydrogen peroxide (HydP); 0.12% chlorhexidine (Chlo); sodium bicarbonate jet (SodB); 50-μm aluminum oxide air abrasion (AirA); pumice paste (PumP), and control group–water spray (Cont). After prophylaxis protocols a resin composite block (3.0 mm × 5.0 mm × 5.0 mm) was adhesively cemented using dual resin cement (Rely X ARC). After 24 hours of water storage, specimens were serially sectioned perpendicular to the bonded interface into 1-mm-thick slices. Each specimen was trimmed with a diamond bur to an hourglass shape with a cross-sectional area of approximately 1.0 mm2 at the bonded area. Specimens were tested (μTBS) at 0.5 mm/min using a universal testing machine. Scanning electron microscopy was used to examine the effects of prophylaxis techniques on dentin. Bond strength data (MPa) were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and failure mode by Fisher test (α=0.05). μTBS data, means (SD), were (different superscripted letters indicate statistically significant differences): AirA, 25.2 (7.2)a; PumP, 24.1 (7.8)a; Chlo, 21.5 (5.6)a; Cont, 20.6 (8.1)a; HydP, 15.5 (7.6)b; and SodB, 11.5 (4.4)c. The use of aluminum oxide air abrasion, pumice paste, and chlorhexidine before acid etching did not significantly affect μTBS to dentin; however, the use of hydrogen peroxide and sodium bicarbonate jet significantly reduced μTBS.

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Reichel, H., S. Belalcázar, G. Múnera, E. Arévalo und J. Narváez. „First Report of Banana Streak Virus Infecting Sugarcane and Arrowroot in Colombia“. Plant Disease 81, Nr. 5 (Mai 1997): 552. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1997.81.5.552b.

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We have recently reported on the presence of banana streak virus (BSV) affecting plantains (Musa spp.) in Colombia (2). BSV is serologically related to sugarcane bacilliform virus and has been found to be transmitted by the pink mealybug (Saccharicoccus sacchari) from sugarcane to banana (1). In the vicinity of affected plantain crops in the localities of Andes (Antioquia) and Montenegro (Quindio), we observed sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) plants with chlorotic streaks on their leaves, as well as arrowroot (Canna edulis Ker-Gawl.) plants with mild mosaic symptoms. The foliar tissue of symptomatic plants of these two species was tested for BSV and cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) by double antibody sandwich-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with commercial polyclonal antisera (Agdia Inc., Elkhart, IN). BSV was detected in samples of both plant species, whereas CMV was not detected in either one. Immunosorbent electron microscopy analysis of BSV-infected, symptomatic, foliar tissue of sugarcane showed the presence of viral-like bacilliform particles measuring approximately 150 × 30 nm, typical of BSV. This is the first report of BSV infecting Saccharum officinarum in Colombia and the first report of Canna edulis as a host for this virus. References: (1) B. E. L. Lockhart and L. J. C. Autrey. Plant Dis. 72:230, 1988. (2) H. Reichel et al. Plant Dis. 80:463, 1996.

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Shimawaki, Hidetaka, Masayoshi Nagao und Katsuhisa Murakami. „(Invited) Photo-Assisted Electron Emission from Silicon-Based Electron Emission Devices“. ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, Nr. 30 (22.12.2023): 1533. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-02301533mtgabs.

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Ultrafast pulsed electron sources with spatial coherence have attracted significant interest in emerging applications such as scientific instruments of ultrafast electron microscopy [1-3] and electron beam lithography [4], and also as sources of X-ray [5] and micro- and THz-waves [6-9]. In particular, high-frequency electron bunch trains generated directly from the cathode surface can not only dramatically reduce dimensions and weight through the elimination of the pre-modulation circuit, but can also provide extremely high efficiency and improve the power in the electron beam devices due to coherence effects. One solution is employing photoemission from electron sources driven by ultrashort laser pulses for such emerging applications. Metallic flat photocathodes and recently metallic nanotips have been employed. However, a low quantum efficiency (QE), typically of approximately 0.01 %, and a large work function require a high-power UV laser to generate an intense electron beam. Negative electron affinity (NEA) semiconductor photocathodes such as NEA GaAs can provide QE as high as ~ 10 % [10], operating using visible laser light irradiation. However, the NEA surface is fragile and easily damaged by residual gas adsorption or beam extraction. In this presentation, we introduce the research and development of gated Si-FEAs with a volcano structure and planar-type electron emission devices based on a MOS diode structure and discuss the potential of the devices as a photocathode of the devices operating without NEA surface treatment. We investigate the optical properties of emitted electrons from the devices under visible laser light irradiation. The results indicate that Si-based electron emission devices with a fully optimized structure hold promise as a photocathode with a high QE and a high-speed response for generating a train of ultrashort electron bunches, operating without NEA surface treatment. References [1] H. Dömer, and O. Bostanjoglo, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 74, 4369 (2003). [2] W. E. King, G. H. Campbell, A. Frank, and B. Reed, J. Appl. Phys. 97, 111101 (2005). [3] K. Bücker, M. Picher, O. Crégut, T. LaGrange, B. W. Reed, S. T. Park, D. J. Masiel, and F. Banharta, Ultramicroscopy 117, 8 (2016). [4] J. E. Schneider, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 16, 3192 (1998). [5] X. J. Wang, X. Qiu, and I. Ben-Zvi, Phys. Rev. E 54, R3121 (1996). [6] C. A. Spindt, C. E. Holland, P. R. Schwoebel, and I. Brodie, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 14, 1986 (1996). [7] K. L. Jensen, R. H. Abrams, and R. K. Paker, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 16, 749 (1998). [8] H. Ishizuka, Y. Kawamura, K. Yokoo, H. Mimura, H. Shimawaki and A. Hosono, Nucl. Instr. Meth. Phys. Res. A 445, 276 (2000). [9] Y. Neo, H. Shimawaki, T. Matsumoto and H. Mimura, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 23, 840 (2005). [10] W. Liu, S. Zhang, M. Stutzman, and M. Poelker, Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams 19, 103402 (2016).

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Kornicka, Anita, Karol Gzella, Katarzyna Garbacz, Małgorzata Jarosiewicz, Maria Gdaniec, Joanna Fedorowicz, Łukasz Balewski, Jakub Kokoszka und Anna Ordyszewska. „Indole-Acrylonitrile Derivatives as Potential Antitumor and Antimicrobial Agents—Synthesis, In Vitro and In Silico Studies“. Pharmaceuticals 16, Nr. 7 (22.06.2023): 918. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph16070918.

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A series of 2-(1H-indol-2-yl)-3-acrylonitrile derivatives, 2a–x, 3, 4a–b, 5a–d, 6a–b, and 7, were synthesized as potential antitumor and antimicrobial agents. The structures of the prepared compounds were evaluated based on elemental analysis, IR, 1H- and 13NMR, as well as MS spectra. X-ray crystal analysis of the representative 2-(1H-indol-2-yl)-3-acrylonitrile 2l showed that the acrylonitrile double bond was Z-configured. All compounds were screened at the National Cancer Institute (USA) for their activities against a panel of approximately 60 human tumor cell lines and the relationship between structure and in vitro antitumor activity is discussed. Compounds of interest 2l and 5a–d showed significant growth inhibition potency against various tumor cell lines with the mean midpoint GI50 values of all tests in the range of 0.38-7.91 mM. The prominent compound with remarkable activity (GI50 = 0.0244-5.06 mM) and high potency (TGI = 0.0866-0.938 mM) against some cell lines of leukemia (HL-60(TB)), non-small cell lung cancer (NCI-H522), colon cancer (COLO 205), CNS cancer (SF-539, SNB-75), ovarian cancer ((OVCAR-3), renal cancer (A498, RXF 393), and breast cancer (MDA-MB-468) was 3-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]-2-(1-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)acrylonitrile (5c). Moreover, the selected 2-(1H-indol-2-yl)-3-acrylonitriles 2a–c and 2e–x were evaluated for their antibacterial and antifungal activities against Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens as well as Candida albicans. Among them, 2-(1H-indol-2-yl)-3-(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)acrylonitrile (2x) showed the most potent antimicrobial activity and therefore it can be considered as a lead structure for further development of antimicrobial agents. Finally, molecular docking studies as well as drug-likeness and ADME profile prediction were carried out.

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Villalobos, W., L. Moreira, C. Rivera, K. D. Bottner und I. M. Lee. „First Report of an Aster Yellows Subgroup 16SrI-B Phytoplasma Infecting Chayote in Costa Rica“. Plant Disease 86, Nr. 3 (März 2002): 330. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2002.86.3.330c.

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An outbreak of a witches' broom disease affected approximately 20% of plants in several chayote (Sechium edule (Jacq.) Schwartz) fields in the commercial production area of the Ujarrás Valley, Cartago Province, Costa Rica during 2000 and 2001. Affected chayote plants exhibited symptoms, including basal proliferation with severe foliage reduction, aborted flowers, and deformed fruits, suggestive of phytoplasmal infection. Two other symptomatic cucurbit species growing near the chayote fields were also identified. These species were tacaco plants (S. tacaco (Pitt.) C. Jeffrey), an edible cucurbit for domestic marketing in Costa Rica, showing severe size reduction of leaves and fruits, and Rytidostylis carthaginensis (Jacq.) Kuntze, a weed in chayote and tacaco fields, exhibiting abnormal tendril proliferation. Plants were analyzed for phytoplasma infection by a nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay, using the universal rRNA primer pair P1/P7 followed by R16F2n/R16R2 (2). Phytoplasmas were detected in all symptomatic samples (18 chayote, 6 tacaco, and 3 weed) tested but were undetectable in all asymptomatic samples (10 chayote, 6 tacaco, and 2 weed). Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of PCR products (16S rDNA sequences) by separate digestion with eight restriction enzymes (RsaI, HhaI, KpnI, BfaI, HaeIII, HpaII, AluI, MseI) revealed that a phytoplasma belonging to subgroup 16SrI-B in the aster yellows phytoplasma group (16SrI) was associated with chayote witches' broom (CWB). The same or very similar phytoplasmas were found in both symptomatic tacaco and R. carthaginensis plants. Phylogenetic analysis of 16SrDNA sequences also confirmed the CWB phytoplasma to be most similar to members of subgroup 16SrI-B. Similar diseases in chayote and other cucurbits have been reported in Brazil (3), Taiwan (1), and Mexico (4). The CWB phytoplasma differs from the phytoplasma (16SrIII-J subgroup) associated with chayote in Brazil. The identities of phytoplasmas associated with cucurbits in Taiwan and Mexico are unknown. The occurrence of an aster yellows group phytoplasma in chayote may pose a potential threat to continued production and exportation of this cash crop. To our knowledge, this is the first report of 16SrI-B subgroup phytoplasmas in naturally infected cucurbits in Costa Rica. References: (1) T. G. Chou et al. Plant Dis. Rep. 60:378, 1976. (2) I.-M. Lee et al. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 48:1153, 1998. (3) H. G. Montano et al. Plant Dis. 84:429, 2000. (4) E. Olivas. Rev. Fitopatol. (Lima) 13:14, 1978.

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Freitas, D. M. S., I. Nardin, N. Shimoyama, J. A. C. Souza-Dias und J. A. M. Rezende. „First Report of Tomato chlorosis virus in Potato in Brazil“. Plant Disease 96, Nr. 4 (April 2012): 593. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-12-11-1068-pdn.

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Potato plants (Solanum tuberosum cv. Ágata) exhibiting symptoms of leaf roll and interveinal chlorosis, especially on older leaves, were found in a commercial crop in the County of Cristalina, State of Goiás, Brazil in June 2011. The crop was severely infested by whitefly Bemisia tabaci biotype B. Four potato tubers from symptomatic plants were indexed for the presence of the following viruses: Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV), Potato leaf roll virus (PLRV), Tomato severe rugose virus (ToSRV), and Potato virus Y (PVY). Total RNA was extracted separately from each tuber and used for reverse transcription (RT)-PCR using the HS-11/HS-12 primer pair, which amplifies a fragment of 587 bp from the highly conserved region of the heat shock protein (HSP-70) homolog gene reported for ToCV. The RT-PCR product was subsequently tested by nested-PCR for detection of ToCV with specific primers ToC-5/ToC-6 (2). Amplicons of 463 bp, amplified from total RNA separately extracted from three tubers, were purified and directly sequenced. Comparisons among the three consensus sequences of 448 bp (GenBank Accession Nos. JQ288896, JQ288897, and JQ288898) revealed respectively, 98, 100, and 100% identity with the reported sequence of a tomato isolate of ToCV from Brazil (GenBank Accession No. EU868927) (1). For ToSRV detection, total DNA was extracted from two tubers and a fragment of approximately 820 bp was amplified by PCR with specific primers (3). PLRV and PVY were indexed in two and three tubers, respectively, by double-antibody sandwich-ELISA (SASA, Edinburg, Scotland). Virus-free B. tabaci biotype B were separately transferred to potato and tomato leaves infected with ToCV for an acquisition access period of 24 h. Groups of 30 viruliferous whitefly were transferred to four, young, sprout-grown potato plants cv. Ágata (two plants per virus isolate) for 24-h inoculation access period. After 37 days of inoculation, one plant inoculated with the potato and tomato isolates of ToCV, respectively exhibited symptoms of leaf roll and interveinal chlorosis on order leaves, which were similar to that induced by PLRV. Experimental infection of potato plants with ToCV, which induced leaf roll symptoms resembling PLRV infection, was reported in the United States by Wisler et al. (4). The potato isolate of ToCV was also transmitted by B. tabaci to one of two inoculated tomato plants. The presence of ToCV in all inoculated plants was detected by nested-RT-PCR as described above. To our knowledge, this is the first report on detection of ToCV in field potato plants in the world. Considering that ToCV occurs in innumerous countries around the world, it is transmitted by a cosmopolitan insect, and it induces symptoms similar to PLRV, this finding triggers an alert to field dependent seed-potato multiplication, virus inspector, and certification system. References: (1) J. C. Barbosa et al. Plant Dis. 92:1709, 2008. (2) C. I. Dovas et al. Plant Dis. 86:1345, 2002. (3) F. R. Fernandes et al. Trop. Plant Pathol. 35:43, 2010. (4) G. C. Wisler et al. Plant Dis. 82:270, 1998.

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Oh, Do-Youn, Min Hee Ryu, Jun-Eul Hwang, Jaeyong Cho, Dae Young Zang, Sang Cheul Oh, Jeeyun Lee et al. „409 Trial in progress: a phase 2 study to assess the safety, efficacy of FLX475 combined with pembrolizumab in patients with advanced or metastatic gastric cancer“. Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 9, Suppl 2 (November 2021): A440. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2021-sitc2021.409.

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BackgroundRegulatory T-cells (Treg) are essential in maintaining self tolerance, but they can also suppress anti-tumor immunity in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Treg are recruited into tumors by C-C motif chemokine ligand 17 (CCL17), and 22 (CCL22), which are produced by tumor cells and other cells in the TME. These chemokines serve as a ”homing signal” to Treg by binding to their cognate receptor, C-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CCR4), the predominant chemokine receptor on human Treg.1 2 3 FLX475, is an orally available and selective small-molecule antagonist of CCR4. In preclinical studies it has demonstrated potent inhibition of CCL17- and CCL22-induced CCR4-mediated chemotaxis, an increase in the intratumoral Teff/Treg ratio, and anti-tumor efficacy as a single agent and in combination with checkpoint inhibitors. In a first-in-human healthy volunteer study, the orally-available CCR4 antagonist was well tolerated, with solid safety profile. A receptor occupancy (RO) pharmacodynamic (PD) assay using peripheral blood Treg demonstrated the ability to safely achieve exposure levels predicted to maximally inhibit Treg recruitment into tumors.4 The proposed mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics (PK), PD, and safety profile of FLX475 have enabled the optimized design of an ongoing Phase 2 study to assess the safety, efficacy of FLX475 in combination with pembrolizumab in patients with advanced or metastatic gastric cancer.MethodsThis clinical trial is a Phase 2, open-label study to assess the safety and efficacy of FLX475 in combination with pembrolizumab in patients with advanced or metastatic gastric cancer (NCT04768686). Approximately 90 subjects may be enrolled across 2 cohorts to examine the safety and efficacy when administered 100mg PO QD of FLX475 with 200mg IV Q3W of pembrolizumab. In cohort 1, checkpoint inhibitor naïve Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)-negative gastric cancer subjects who have progressed on at least 2 prior systemic treatments for advanced or metastatic gastric cancer will be enrolled, and in cohort 2, checkpoint inhibitor naïve EBV-positive gastric cancer subjects who had at least 1 prior systemic treatment for advanced or metastatic gastric cancer will be enrolled. Both EBV negative and positive gastric cancer are predicted to express high levels of CCR4 ligands and enriched in Treg (i.e. ‘charged tumor’). The study is planned initially as a 2-stage design for each cohort, and an interim analysis reviewing efficacy and safety results as well as available PK and PD data for both cohorts will be performed prior to stage 2.AcknowledgementsThanks to the patients, and to their families and caregivers for allowing us to be part of the journey.RAPT Therapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA is providing FLX475 for the study.Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA is providing pembrolizumab for the study.Trial RegistrationNCT04768686ReferencesTalay O, et al. Potent and selective C-C chemokine receptor (CCR4) antagonists potentiate anti-tumor immune responses by inhibiting regulatory T cells (Treg). J Immunother Cancer 2017;5(Suppl 2):P467 (SITC 2017).Curiel, Tyler J, et al. Specific recruitment of regulatory T cells in ovarian carcinoma fosters immune privilege and predicts reduced survival. Nature medicine 10.9 (2004):942–949.Nakayama et al. Selective induction of Th2-attracting chemokines CCL17 and CCL22 in human B cells by latent membrane protein 1 of Epstein-Barr virus. J Virol 2004 February; 78(4):1665–74.van Marle S, et al. Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of FLX475, an orally-available, potent, and selective small-molecule antagonist of CCR4, in healthy volunteers. J Immunother Cancer 2018;6(Suppl 1):P484 (SITC 2018).

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Mariuta, Daniel, Arumugam Govindaraji, Stéphane Colin, Christine Barrot, Stéphane Le Calvé, Jan G. Korvink, Lucien Baldas und Jürgen J. Brandner. „Optofluidic Formaldehyde Sensing: Towards On-Chip Integration“. Micromachines 11, Nr. 7 (10.07.2020): 673. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11070673.

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Formaldehyde (HCHO), a chemical compound used in the fabrication process of a broad range of household products, is present indoors as an airborne pollutant due to its high volatility caused by its low boiling point ( T = − 19 °C). Miniaturization of analytical systems towards palm-held devices has the potential to provide more efficient and more sensitive tools for real-time monitoring of this hazardous air pollutant. This work presents the initial steps and results of the prototyping process towards on-chip integration of HCHO sensing, based on the Hantzsch reaction coupled to the fluorescence optical sensing methodology. This challenge was divided into two individually addressed problems: (1) efficient airborne HCHO trapping into a microfluidic context and (2) 3,5–diacetyl-1,4-dihydrolutidine (DDL) molecular sensing in low interrogation volumes. Part (2) was addressed in this paper by proposing, fabricating, and testing a fluorescence detection system based on an ultra-low light Complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor. Two three-layer fluidic cell configurations (quartz–SU-8–quartz and silicon–SU-8–quartz) were tested, with both possessing a 3.5 µL interrogation volume. Finally, the CMOS-based fluorescence system proved the capability to detect an initial 10 µg/L formaldehyde concentration fully derivatized into DDL for both the quartz and silicon fluidic cells, but with a higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for the silicon fluidic cell ( S N R s i l i c o n = 6.1 ) when compared to the quartz fluidic cell ( S N R q u a r t z = 4.9 ). The signal intensity enhancement in the silicon fluidic cell was mainly due to the silicon absorption coefficient at the excitation wavelength, a ( λ a b s = 420 nm ) = 5 × 10 4 cm − 1 , which is approximately five times higher than the absorption coefficient at the fluorescence emission wavelength, a ( λ e m = 515 nm ) = 9.25 × 10 3 cm − 1 .

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Chisholm, Calum R. I., und Sossina M. Haile. „Structure and thermal behavior of the new superprotonic conductor Cs2(HSO4)(H2PO4)“. Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science 55, Nr. 6 (01.12.1999): 937–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108768199009921.

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Ongoing studies of the CsHSO4–CsH2PO4 system, aimed at developing novel proton conducting solids, resulted in the new compound Cs2(HSO4)(H2PO4) (dicesium hydrogensulfate dihydrogenphosphate). Single-crystal X-ray diffraction (performed at room temperature) revealed Cs2(HSO4)(H2PO4) to crystallize in space group P21/n with lattice parameters a = 7.856 (8), b = 7.732 (7), c = 7.827 (7) Å, and β = 99.92 (4)°. The compound has a unit-cell volume of 468.3 (8) Å3 and two formula units per cell, giving a calculated density of 3.261 Mg m−3. Six non-H atoms and two H atoms were located in the asymmetric unit, with SO4 and PO4 groups randomly arranged on the single tetrahedral anion site. Refinement using all observed reflections yielded weighted residuals of 0.0890 and 0.0399 based on F 2 and F values, respectively. Anisotropic temperature factors were employed for all six non-H atoms and fixed isotropic temperature factors for the two H atoms. The structure contains zigzag chains of hydrogen-bonded anion tetrahedra that extend in the [010] direction. Each tetrahedron is additionally linked to a tetrahedron in a neighboring chain to give a planar structure with hydrogen-bonded sheets lying parallel to (1¯01). Thermal analysis of the superprotonic transition in Cs2(HSO4)(H2PO4) showed that the transformation to the high-temperature phase occurs by a two-step process. The first is a sharp transition at 334 K and the second a gradual transition from 342 to 378 K. The heat of transformation for the entire process (∼330–382 K) is 44 ± 2 J g−1. Thermal decomposition of Cs2(HSO4)(H2PO4) takes place at much higher temperatures, with an onset of approximately 460 K.

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Ghamari, Zahra Tolou, Farhad Tadayon und Hamid Mazdak. „Prevalence of Liver Cancer in Isfahan Province, Iran“. Indonesian Journal of Cancer 12, Nr. 2 (02.10.2018): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.33371/ijoc.v12i2.578.

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Background: Liver cancer remains to grow worldwide. We aimed to describe the period prevalence (PP) and incidence rates (Irs) for liver cancer in Isfahan Province that is located in the center of Iran and ranked as the third province in terms of population.Methods: Information related to the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results; (SEER) was collected from the Isfahan Cancer Registry. Period prevalence (PP) was calculated per 100,000 people. The cancer sites studied were defined according to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-O; Third Edition) and recorded by topography code (C22).Result: Among all registered liver cancer patients, 57% of the 920 cases were male. The mean age of the patients was 65.9 ± 16.8 years. Reported age in 13% of the patients was less than 50 years and as high as 84% were in between 50 to 90 years. With a total PP of 18.5 per 100,000 people, this value was 24.4% higher in males when compared to females (16.8 vs. 20.9). In the previous years, incidences were 3.9 (2011-2012), 5.3 (2012-2013), 4.9 (2013-2014) and 4.2 (2014-2015) per 100,000 people. There were 89% reported deaths among the total population.Conclusion: The PP for liver cancer in male population was approximately 24.4% higher than females. There was a 7.7% increase in the Irs over the study period. Further study toward estimation of the proportion of the causes of liver cancer and deaths due to infection of hepatitis B and C virus, exposure to aflatoxin, alcohol drinking and smoking seem to be advantageous. Therefore, the plan of healthcare system should focus on greater effort toward strategic evidence-based pharmacotherapy in Isfahan province/Iran.

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Lu, Yongtao, Yiqian He, Weiteng Li, Zhuoyue Yang, Ruifei Peng und Li Yu. „Comparison of Biomechanical Performance of Five Different Treatment Approaches for Fixing Posterior Pelvic Ring Injury“. Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2020 (22.01.2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5379593.

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Background. A large number of pelvic injuries are seriously unstable, with mortality rates reaching 19%. Approximately 60% of pelvic injuries are related to the posterior pelvic ring. However, the selection of a fixation method for a posterior pelvic ring injury remains a challenging problem for orthopedic surgeons. The aim of the present study is to investigate the biomechanical performance of five different fixation approaches for posterior pelvic ring injury and thus provide guidance on the choice of treatment approach in a clinical setting. Methods. A finite element (FE) model, including the L3-L5 lumbar vertebrae, sacrum, and full pelvis, was created from CT images of a healthy adult. Tile B and Tile C types of pelvic fractures were created in the model. Five different fixation methods for fixing the posterior ring injury (PRI) were simulated: TA1 (conservative treatment), TA2 (S1 screw fixation), TA3 (S1 + S2 screw fixation), TA4 (plate fixation), and TA5 (modified triangular osteosynthesis). Based on the fixation status (fixed or nonfixed) of the anterior ring and the fixation method for PRI, 20 different FE models were created. An upright standing loading scenario was simulated, and the resultant displacements at the sacroiliac joint were compared between different models. Results. When TA5 was applied, the resultant displacements at the sacroiliac joint were the smallest (1.5 mm, 1.6 mm, 1.6 mm, and 1.7 mm) for all the injury cases. The displacements induced by TA3 and TA2 were similar to those induced by TA5. TA4 led to larger displacements at the sacroiliac joint (2.3 mm, 2.4 mm, 4.8 mm, and 4.9 mm), and TA1 was the worst case (3.1 mm, 3.2 mm, 6.3 mm, and 6.5 mm). Conclusions. The best internal fixation method for PRI is the triangular osteosynthesis approach (TA5), followed by S1 + S2 screw fixation (TA3), S1 screw fixation (TA2), and plate fixation (TA4).

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Pereira, Aline. „Critical review: regulatory differences among countries expose the permissiveness in the use of hazardous pesticides in Brazil“. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION 17, Nr. 2 (22.12.2022): 2–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5132/eec.2022.02.02.

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This critical review warns of differences in pesticide registration and approval among major agricultural nations and classifications based solely on acute toxicity, which masks the risk of exposure to unapproved hazardous pesticides. It presents (a) the approval status of active pesticide ingredients (AI) in Brazil (BR) compared to other agricultural nations (e.g. European Union, USA and China); (b) the toxicological reclassification scenario of commercial pesticides in BR, and (c) the toxicological category of commercial pesticides in BR, with AI not approved for use in the three analyzed nations. A list of approved and not approved AI for use in Brazilian agriculture was compiled from the ANVISA website, and a comparison of the approval status among the agricultural countries was performed. Additionally, the number of commercial pesticides in classes/categories was compared before and after the toxicological reclassification from the ANVISA toxicological reclassification list. Among AI approved in BR, approximately 46.6% are “not approved” for use in at least one analysed nation. In addition, 43 pesticides (22,6%) were identified as approved in BR and not approved for use in two of the three nations. It is also noteworthy that nine pesticides (4,7%) are not approved for use in any of the three nations compared. Category 5, currently incorporated (product unlikely to cause acute harm), is the one that most absorbed products previously classified in Classes I (extremely toxic), II (highly toxic), and III (moderately toxic) (46.9%). Most formulations containing not approved active ingredients are classified in Categories 4 (slightly toxic) and 5 in BR. The negative effects that agrochemicals bring to the nation, such as on human health, or in wildlife, polluting water sources, and promoting a global problem by producing contaminated food, do not outweigh the economic benefits obtained by agribusiness.

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Romero-Laorden, Nuria, Rebeca Lozano, Casilda Llacer Perez, Jose Maria M. Piulats Rodriguez, Javier Puente, David Lorente, Ana Medina et al. „Cabazitaxel versus enzalutamide/abiraterone in CARD eligible mCRPC patients with or without germline HRR defects.“ Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, Nr. 15_suppl (20.05.2020): 5554. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.5554.

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5554 Background: The CARD trial proved that in mCPRC patients (pts), previously treated with docetaxel and an androgen-receptor signaling inhibitor (ARSi), cabazitaxel (CBZ) significantly improves progression-free (PFS) and Overall Survival (OS) compared with the alternative ARSi. Concurrently, the PROFOUND study showed the superiority of olaparib vs. ARSi in pts with similar prior treatment history and genetic alterations in Homologus Recombination DNA repair related genes (HRR). Methods: PROREPAIR-B (NCT03075735) is a prospective study which aimed to demonstrate the prognostic role of germline deleterious mutations in (g)HRR genes and the benefit of first (1L), second (2L) and subsequent therapy lines for mCRPC. Outcomes with 1-2L have been previously reported. Here we evaluated radiographic (r)-PFS, clinical (c)-PFS, and OS in PROREPAIR-B pts who meet CARD study eligibility criteria and who received CBZ and/or ARSi. Survival analysis were performed using Kaplan Meier method and Cox regression models. Results: 95 out of 419 mCRPC pts included in PROREPAIR-B meet CARD eligibility criteria and received CBZ (n=60) or ARSi (n=35) including 14 gHRR carriers, 8/6 treated with CBZ/ARSi, respectively. Visceral metastases were more frequent among pts treated with CBZ (p=0.01). ECOG 2, M1 at diagnosis, Abiraterone as 1st ARSi and prior radiographic PD (all p<0.05) were more frequent in our pts than in the CARD study. Overall, CBZ was superior to ARSi in terms of rPFS (median 6.0 vs. 3.7 months (m), p=0.03), cPFS (median 4.4 vs. 3.4 m, p=0.01) and PSA50 responses (39% vs. 17%, p=0.027). Differences in OS were not observed, although approximately 60% of patients in ARSi had crossed to CBZ at the time of the analyses. Results of subgroups analyses were similar to those reported by CARD. In this series, gHRR carriers had a significant worse prognosis (OS HR 1.9; rPFS HR 2.4; cPFS HR 2.6) than non-carriers. In gHRR carriers CBZ was not superior to ARSi in terms of rPFS (2.5 vs. 3.0 m, p=0.8), cPFS (2.5 vs. 2.4 m, p=0.8) and OS (4.5 vs. 3.7, p=0.8). Cox MVA models adjusted for unbalances and CARD grouping factors confirmed a significant interaction between treatment and gHRR status for rPFS and cPFS, suggesting that the benefit of CBZ was not observed in gHRR. Conclusions: Our results confirm the benefit of CBZ treatment over a second ARSi (either abiraterone or enzalutamide) in unselected mCRPC population. However, the outcomes in gHRR carriers are poor with either CBZ or ARSi supporting the need of novel therapies in this setting. Clinical trial information: NCT03075735 .

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Santos, Débora Aparecida da Silva, Pedro Vieira de Azevedo, Ricardo De Olinda, Amaury De Souza, Jullianna Vitorio Vieira de Azevedo, Michele Salles da Silva und Fernanda Pereira da Silva. „Influência das Variáveis Climáticas na Hospitalização por Pneumonia em Crianças Menores de Cinco Anos em Rondonópolis-MT (Influence of Variable Climate in Hospital for Pneumonia in Children Under Five Years in Rondonópolis-MT)“. Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 9, Nr. 2 (15.03.2016): 413. http://dx.doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v9.2.p413-429.

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As infecções respiratórias agudas constituem o principal motivo de consulta e hospitalização de crianças menores de cinco anos, sendo a pneumonia uma das principais causas de morte. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar a influência das variáveis climáticas na hospitalização por pneumonia em crianças menores de cinco anos em Rondonópolis-MT, no período de 1999 a 2014. Estudo do tipo transversal com abordagem quantitativa e descritiva, com dados do banco de dados meteorológicos para ensino e pesquisa e do departamento de informática do sistema único de saúde. Na análise estatística dos dados, foi ajustado o modelo binomial negativo pertencente à classe dos modelos lineares generalizados, adotando-se um nível de significância de 5%, com base na plataforma estatística R. Estimou-se que o número médio de casos destas hospitalização diminui em aproximadamente 11,34% a cada grau centígrado de aumento acima da média da temperatura do ar e diminua cerca de 1,52% a cada 1% de aumento acima da média da umidade relativa do ar. A precipitação pluviométrica não apresentou relação com a hospitalização. As atividades de promoção de saúde e de prevenção da pneumonia devem incluir ações que relacionem questões ambientais climáticas, voltadas para a diminuição dos casos de hospitalização de crianças. A B S T R A C T Acute respiratory infections are the main cause of consultation and hospitalization of children under five years, and the pneumonia one of the leading causes of death. The objective of this research was to analyze the influence of climate variables in hospitalization for pneumonia in children under five years in Rondonópolis-MT, from 1999 to 2014 cross-sectional study with quantitative and descriptive approach, with meteorological data from the database for teaching and research and information department of the unified health system. Statistical analysis of the data, the negative binomial model belonging to the class of generalized linear models, adopting a significance level of 5% has been adjusted, based on the statistical platform R. It has been estimated that the average number of cases these decreases hospitalization approximately 11.34% per degree centigrade increase above the air temperature and lower average about 1.52% every 1% increase above average relative humidity. Rainfall was not associated with hospitalization. The health promotion activities and prevention of pneumonia should include actions that relate climate environmental issues, aimed at reducing cases of hospitalization of children. Keywords: Climate; pneumonia; child; hospitalization.

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Barbosa, J. C., L. D. D. Teixeira und J. A. M. Rezende. „First Report on the Susceptibility of Sweet Pepper Crops to Tomato chlorosis virus in Brazil“. Plant Disease 94, Nr. 3 (März 2010): 374. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-94-3-0374c.

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In June of 2009, sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum cvs. Elisa and Prador) plants exhibiting interveinal chlorosis, some necrosis, and mild upward leaf curling on the intermediate leaves were found in three protected crops in the municipality of São Miguel Arcanjo, São Paulo state, Brazil. Incidence of symptomatic plants varied from 70 to 100%. Abundant whitefly adults were seen in all crops. Initially, total DNA was separately extracted from seven symptomatic plants and submitted to a PCR reaction using the universal primer pairs PAL1v1978/PAR1c496 and PBL1v2040/PCRc1 for begomovirus (3). The results were negative. The same samples were also analyzed for infection with Tomato infectious chlorosis virus (TICV) and Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) (genus Crinivirus, family Closteroviridae). Total RNA was extracted separately from leaves of each symptomatic plant and used for one-step reverse transcription (RT)-PCR using the HS-11/HS-12 primer pair, which amplifies a fragment of 587 bp from the highly conserved region of the heat shock protein (HSP-70) homolog gene reported for TICV and ToCV (1). The RT-PCR product was subsequently tested by nested-PCR for single detection of TICV and ToCV using primer pairs TIC-3/TIC-4 and ToC-5/ToC-6, respectively (1). Only one fragment of approximately 463 bp was amplified from the five plants with the primer pair specific for ToCV. No amplification was obtained with the primers specific for TICV. Four purified amplicons of 463 bp were directly sequenced in both directions. Sequence comparisons of the 419-bp consensus sequence, encompassing nucleotides 750 and 1,167 of the HSP-70 homolog gene, revealed 98% identity with the reported sequences of tomato infecting isolates of ToCV from Brazil (GenBank Accession No. EU868927) and the United States (GenBank Accession No. AY903448). Virus-free adults of Bemisia tabaci biotype B were confined on symptomatic pepper leaves for a 48-h acquisition access period. Twenty adults were transferred to one plant of sweet pepper cv. Magda for a 24-h inoculation access period. The sweet pepper plant exhibited the original symptoms on the leaves 67 days after inoculation under greenhouse conditions. Infection by ToCV was confirmed by RT-PCR. The susceptibility of sweet pepper plants to ToCV was previously reported in Spain (2), whereas in the United States, this species was experimentally found as nonhost for this virus (4). Further studies are needed to better understand the variable susceptibility of sweet pepper to ToCV. References: (1) C. I. Dovas et al. Plant Dis. 86:1345, 2002. (2) G. Lozano et al. Plant Dis. 88:224, 2004. (3) M. R. Rojas et al. Plant Dis. 77:340, 1993. (4) W. M. Wintermantel et al. Plant Dis. 90:814, 2006.

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Kirtane, Kedar, Erminia Massarelli, Glenn J. Hanna, Christopher Austin Klebanoff, George Blumenschein, Michael Russell Bishop, Sylvia Lee et al. „KITE-439: A phase I study of HPV16 E7 T cell receptor-engineered T cells in patients with relapsed/refractory HPV16-positive cancers.“ Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, Nr. 15_suppl (20.05.2020): TPS3149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.tps3149.

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TPS3149 Background: Human papillomavirus 16 (HPV16) is the most prominent subtype across invasive head and neck cancers, as well as cervical cancer and other anogenital cancers (Saraiya M, et al. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2015). The HPV16 E7 (E7) viral antigen is important for the survival of HPV-positive tumor cells but is absent from normal human tissue, making it an attractive target for anti-cancer therapy. Preclinical efficacy has been observed with MHC class I-restricted T cell receptor (TCR)-engineered T cells targeting E7 on HPV16-positive tumor cells (Jin BY, et al. JCI Insight. 2018). This Phase 1, first-in-human, open-label, multicenter study (NCT03912831) will evaluate the safety and efficacy of KITE-439, an autologous TCR-engineered T cell therapy targeting E7, in HLA-A*02:01–positive patients with relapsed/refractory HPV16-positive cancers. Methods: A single-patient dose-escalation schema will be used in Phase 1A of the study, enrolling up to 30 patients. Phase 1A will evaluate safety and inform the recommended dose of KITE-439 for Phase 1B. Approximately 45 patients with squamous cell cancer of the head and neck, cervical cancer, and other HPV16-positive tumors will be included in Phase 1B. Patients in Phase 1A and Phase 1B may receive optional bridging therapy followed by cyclophosphamide and fludarabine conditioning chemotherapy. Patients will then receive an infusion of KITE-439 at 1 × 106 up to 1 × 108 TCR-transduced T cells/kg along with daily subcutaneous IL-2 therapy for a maximum of 14 doses post-infusion. The primary endpoint for Phase 1A is the incidence of adverse events defined as dose-limiting toxicities. The primary endpoint for Phase 1B is investigator-assessed objective response rate per modified RECIST v1.1 criteria (Eisenhauer EA, et al. Eur J Cancer. 2009). Secondary endpoints for Phase 1B include duration of response, progression-free survival, overall survival, and safety. Patients ≥ 18 years must be HLA-A*02:01–positive and have relapsed/refractory HPV16-positive cancer, an ECOG PS of ≤ 1, and adequate bone marrow and organ function. Key exclusion criteria include a history of stroke, myocardial infarction, or symptomatic deep vein thrombosis/pulmonary embolism, known infection with human immunodeficiency virus, detectable hepatitis C, or detectable hepatitis B. This study is currently open and accruing patients. Clinical trial information: NCT03912831 .

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Fu, Kai, Guohua Yu, Chengfeng Bi, Hongxia Cheng, Lynette Smith, Ji Yuan, Hina Naushad et al. „Mantle cell lymphoma: initial report from the North American Mantle Cell Lymphoma Consortium.“ Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, Nr. 15_suppl (20.05.2020): 8035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.8035.

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8035 Background: The goal of the North American Mantle Cell Lymphoma (MCL) Project is to evaluate the clinical, biological, and genomic markers that affect the outcome of patients with MCL. Methods: We have retrospectively studied the clinical and pathological features of 307/421 patients diagnosed with MCL between January 2000 to December 2012 from 23 institutions across North American. Results: The male to female ratio of MCL patients was 3.5:1, with a median age of 66 years (range: 24-106 years). Approximately 29% of patients (78/269) presented with B symptoms and 257 (257/307, 83.7%) patients had extranodal involvement at diagnosis. Median follow-up was 7.1 years (range, 0.03 to 16.6 years) with the five-year PFS and OS at 27.8%, and 54.4%, respectively. Univariate analysis revealed that the following factors were significantly associated with both inferior OS and PFS ( p< 0.05): older age (≥60 years), presence of B symptoms, advanced Ann Arbor stage, elevated LDH, low platelets (≤100K/ml), blastoid/pleomorphic cytology, Ki67 proliferation ≥30%, circulating tumor cells, no transplantation (vs. transplantation), and allogeneic (vs. autologous) stem cell transplantation. In addition, large tumor size (maximal diameter > 3cm), high WBC ( > 10×103/ml), CD5 or CD23 positivity, and a complex karyotype were associated with inferior OS ( p< 0.05). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed age (≥ 60y; p= 0.0028, HR = 2.44, 95% CI: 1.36-4.38) and high LDH ( p= 0.0062, HR = 2.19, 95% CI: 1.25-3.84) were the two factors predicting the clinical outcome. MIPI-c, a commonly used prognostic scoring system which includes Ki67, stratified the 100 MCL cases into four group with distinct clinical outcomes ( p< 0.001). Using readily-available clinical and pathological variables, we developed a simple and robust scoring system, MIPI-P (pathology), which consisted of age (≥60 years), LDH (high), Ki67 index (≥30%), Ann Arbor stage (III/IV), and cytological type (blastoid/pleomorphic), each contributing one point. The MIPI-P system stratified 104 MCL cases into three distinct groups ( p< 0.001). Median survival for the different groups were: low grade (0-1 points): 11.8 years; intermediate grade (2-3 points): 4.9 years; and high grade (4-5 points): 1.6 years. We further validated this system in an independent cohort of 33 MCL cases and confirmed that the modified MIPI-P provided robust prognostic predication ( p= 0.014). Conclusions: The clinical and biologic characteristics of MCL can provide information assisting with the prognosis of patients with MCL.

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Bajpai, Surabhi, Manish Sharma, Shweta Narang, Ravikanth Mankala, Usha Lalchandani, Jayant Narang, Rudresh Jarecha und Oliver Bohnsack. „Imaging determinants of early progression in relapsed and refractory Hodgkin and diffuse large B cell lymphoma.“ Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, Nr. 15_suppl (20.05.2021): e19522-e19522. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.e19522.

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e19522 Background: Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma with over 18,000 new cases diagnosed each year in the United States and approximately 7-8 cases per 100.000 people globally. Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (HL) is less common accounting for approximately 9,000 new cases each year. However, their imaging manifestations overlap; with both the diseases demonstrating extensive lymph nodal and extra-nodal involvement along with intense uptake on 18FDG-PET. Novel targeted therapies have been developed to improve survival in patients with DLBCL and HL. The purpose of this study analysis was to determine if there was a correlation between the baseline tumor burden and early tumor progression based on imaging. Methods: This retrospective study involved the analysis of baseline imaging data (CT, MRI and PET) of 469 patients enrolled in multiple phase II/III clinical trials involving a diagnosis of DLBCL and HL. Image analysis was performed utilizing the IWG criteria Lugano 2014 modification. The staging of the baseline disease burden was performed as per the Revised Staging System for Primary Nodal Lymphomas. In addition to the staging, the sum of the product of perpendicular diameters of all target lesions (SPD), and spleen size at baseline were recorded. The time point of disease progression was also captured in this analysis for each patient. These baseline imaging parameters were compared among patients with early progression (≤6 months following onset of therapy). Results: Out of the 469 patients, 61.4% of patients (n = 288/469) demonstrated disease progression during treatment and/or follow up phase of the trial. In this cohort, 64.5% (n = 186/288) of patients showed early progression. Patients with advanced stage disease at baseline (Stage II bulky, III and IV) showed a higher rate of early progression compared to those with limited baseline disease burden (Stage I and II) (47.1% vs 32.9%). The occurrence of early progression was similar in patients with normal spleen size at baseline compared to those with an enlarged spleen at baseline (39.3% vs 41%). There was a trend towards higher baseline SPD in patients with early progression (3204mm2, +12.5%) and late progression (3185mm2, +12%) compared to patients who did not demonstrate progression during the trial phase (2804mm2, p = 0.23-0.45). Conclusions: Baseline disease staging is an important determinant of early progression in patients with DLBCL and HL. Baseline tumor burden is potentially a predictive marker of disease progression. Therefore, precise staging along with accurate recording of baseline tumor burden have important prognostic and subsequent therapeutic strategy implications for prospective decision making in the era of precision medicine. Further prospective studies may be needed to validate our results.

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Wen, Feng, Peng Huang, Qiuji Wu, Yang Yang und Qiu Li. „Promising first-line immuno-combination therapies for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: A cost-effectiveness analysis.“ Journal of Clinical Oncology 42, Nr. 3_suppl (20.01.2024): 469. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2024.42.3_suppl.469.

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469 Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer related death all over the world, bringing a heavy social economic burden especially in China. Several immuno-combination therapies have shown promising efficacy in the first-line treatment of unresectable HCC and are widely used in clinical practice. However, which combination is the most affordable is unknown. The current study assessed the cost-effectiveness of the immuno-combinations as first-line treatment for patients with unresectable HCC from the Chinese payers' perspective. Methods: A Markov model was built based on five global, multicenter, open-label, phase III randomized trials (Himalaya, IMbrave150, ORIENT-32, CARES-310, LEAP-002) to investigate the cost-effectiveness of tremelimumab plus durvalumab (STRIDE), atezolizumab plus bevacizumab (A+B), sintilimab plus bevacizumab biosimilar (IBI305) (S+B), camrelizumab plus rivoceranib (C+R) and pembrolizumab plus lenvatinib (P+L). Three disease states were included: progression free survival (PFS), progressive disease (PD), and death. Medical costs were searched from the Red Book, published literatures, and West China Hospital. Cost-effectiveness ratios (CERs) and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were evaluated to compare costs among different combinations. Sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the robust of the model. Results: The total cost and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) of C+R, S+B, P+L, A+B and STRIDE were $12,109.27 and 0.91, $26,961.60 and 1.12, $55,382.53 and 0.83, $70,985.06 and 0.90, $84,589.01 and 0.73 respectively, resulting in the most cost-effective strategy of C+R with CER of $13,306.89 per QALY followed by S+B with CER of $24,072.86 per QALY. The S+B strategy would become the most cost-effective when the willing-to-pay threshold exceeded $73,500/QALY. In the subgroup analysis, with the application of Asia results in Leap-002 trial, the model results were the same as global data. In the sensitivity analysis, with the variation of parameters, the results were robust. Conclusions: As one of the promising immuno-combination therapies in the first-line systemic treatment for unresectable HCC, camrelizumab plus rivoceranib demonstrated the potential to be the most cost-effective strategy, which warranted further studies to best inform the real-world clinical practices.

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Nitschke, Katja, Hendrik Luxenburger, Muthamia M. Kiraithe, Robert Thimme und Christoph Neumann-Haefelin. „CD8+ T-Cell Responses in Hepatitis B and C: The (HLA-) A, B, and C of Hepatitis B and C“. Digestive Diseases 34, Nr. 4 (2016): 396–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000444555.

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Approximately 500 million people are chronically infected with the hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) worldwide and are thus at high risk of progressive liver disease, leading to liver fibrosis, cirrhosis and ultimately hepatocellular cancer. Virus-specific CD8+ T-cells play a major role in viral clearance in >90% of adult patients who clear HBV and in approximately 30% of patients who clear HCV in acute infection. However, several mechanisms contribute to the failure of the adaptive CD8+ T-cell response in those patients who progress to chronic infection. These include viral mutations leading to escape from the CD8+ T-cell response as well as exhaustion and dysfunction of virus-specific CD8+ T-cells. Antiviral efficacy of the virus-specific CD8+ T-cell response also strongly depends on its restriction by specific human leukocyte antigens (HLA) class I alleles. Our review will summarize the role of HLA-A, B and C-restricted CD8+ T-cells in HBV and HCV infection. Due to the current lack of a comprehensive database of HBV- and HCV-specific CD8+ T-cell epitopes, we also provide a summary of the repertoire of currently well-described HBV- and HCV-specific CD8+ T-cell epitopes. A better understanding of the factors that contribute to the success or failure of virus-specific CD8+ T-cells may help to develop new therapeutic options for HBV eradication in patients with chronic HBV infection (therapeutic vaccination and/or immunomodulation) as well as a prophylactic vaccine against HCV infection.

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Lin, Huaxin. „Extensions by Simple C*-Algebras: Quasidiagonal Extensions“. Canadian Journal of Mathematics 57, Nr. 2 (01.04.2005): 351–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4153/cjm-2005-016-5.

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AbstractLet A be an amenable separable C*-algebra and B be a non-unital but σ-unital simple C*- algebra with continuous scale. We show that two essential extensions τ1 and τ2 of A by B are approximately unitarily equivalent if and only ifIf A is assumed to satisfy the Universal Coefficient Theorem, there is a bijection fromapproximate unitary equivalence classes of the abovementioned extensions to KL(A,M(B)/B). Using KL(A,M(B)/B), we compute exactly when an essential extension is quasidiagonal. We show that quasidiagonal extensions may not be approximately trivial. We also study the approximately trivial extensions.

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Cowger, C., R. Parks und D. Marshall. „Appearance of Powdery Mildew of Wheat Caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici on Pm17-Bearing Cultivars in North Carolina“. Plant Disease 93, Nr. 11 (November 2009): 1219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-93-11-1219b.

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Pm17 is a gene for resistance to powdery mildew caused by Blumeria graminis (DC.) E.O. Speer f. sp. tritici. The gene was first confirmed in the wheat-rye translocation cultivar Amigo (1). In Amigo, the translocation is T1AL-1RS and the 1RS arm has the gene Pm17. In the mid-Atlantic United States, at least two widely deployed soft red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars, McCormick (2) and Tribute (3), possess Pm17 inherited from Amigo. Before 2009, low frequencies of mostly intermediate virulence to Pm17 were detected among isolates from research plots of highly susceptible cultivars (4), but Pm17-bearing cultivars remained immune to mildew in the field. In April 2009, moderately severe powdery mildew was observed for the first time throughout plots of McCormick, Tribute, and other cultivars in both Kinston and Raleigh, NC. At Kinston, Pm17 virulence was observed at two research sites, separated by approximately 10 km, throughout plots of Amigo, McCormick, Tribute, and the hard red winter wheat cultivar TAM 303, which also contains Pm17. In the same month, virulence to Pm17 was observed in Raleigh throughout rows and plots of Amigo and TAM 303. In Kinston and Raleigh, ratings of powdery mildew severity on the Pm17-containing cultivars were 4 or 5 on a scale of 0 to 9, with 0 being the absence of mildew pustules and 9 the most severe mildew infection. Mildew was observed on leaves of all ages. Mildewed leaves were collected from field plots of all four Pm17-bearing cultivars, and an assay to confirm Pm17 virulence was conducted in the laboratory. Mixed-isolate cultures were derived from the leaves and a detached-leaf assay was performed using Amigo, which is the standard Pm17 differential (4). All tested cultures were fully to moderately virulent on Pm17 and all were fully virulent on the susceptible control Chancellor. In the field, chasmothecia (sexual fruiting bodies) were observed on Pm17-bearing cultivars. Together with the quantitatively varying Pm17 virulence detected in the laboratory assay, this suggests that multiple strains of Pm17-virulent B. graminis f. sp. tritici may be present in the field, although that has not yet been demonstrated. Pm17 has protected wheat from powdery mildew over a substantial area in the mid-Atlantic United States. The loss of Pm17 is the most important virulence shift in the U.S. wheat powdery mildew population since Pm4a became ineffective around 2002. Isolates virulent to Pm17 can be expected to appear and multiply in wheat-producing states of the mid-Atlantic United States, including Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia. Thus, the urgency of developing and releasing wheat cultivars with other sources of effective mildew resistance is heightened. References: (1) B. Friebe et al. Euphytica 91:59, 1996. (2) C. A. Griffey et al. Crop Sci. 45:416, 2005. (3) C. A. Griffey et al. Crop Sci. 45:419, 2005. (4) R. Parks et al. Plant Dis. 92:1074, 2008.

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Prawira, Irza Daffa, und Prastowo Prastowo. „Reassessment of the Dimensions and Layout of Roadside Canals“. Jurnal Teknik Pertanian Lampung (Journal of Agricultural Engineering) 13, Nr. 2 (17.05.2024): 459. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jtep-l.v13i2.459-469.

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Until now, there have been puddles on several sections of the Grand Depok City Boulevard road, which are located in the Sukmajaya and Cilodong Districts. This study aims to review the drainage system at three inundation locations (A, B, and C), which includes layout, runoff discharge, channel design discharge, channel dimensions, culverts, and cost estimation. The results showed that the drainage system was built inadequately, so an outlet channel was needed at location A and culverts at locations A and C. The calculated runoff discharge ranged from 0.16-0.73 m3/second, with a planned channel discharge ranging from 0.38-1.10 m3/sec. With this discharge value, it is necessary to deepen the canal at location A, which was originally 0.5 m to 0.7 m, and to reduce the slope of the canal bottom at location B, which was originally 3% to 2%. The culverts required at location A are 18.5 m long and 0.6 m in diameter, and there are 39 at location C, each 8 m long and 0.2 m in diameter. The estimated total cost is IDR 155,492,000. Construction of canals and culverts should use precast concrete materials and be done at night. Keywords: Reviewing, Roadside channel, Runoff.

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Stanković, I., K. Milojević, A. Vučurović, D. Nikolić, B. Krstić und A. Bulajić. „First Report of Fusarium Root Rot of Stored Carrot Caused by Fusarium avenaceum in Serbia“. Plant Disease 99, Nr. 2 (Februar 2015): 286. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-07-14-0724-pdn.

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Carrot (Daucus carota L. subsp. sativus (Hoffm.) Thell., Apiaceae), a widely consumed antioxidant-rich plant, is among the major vegetable crops grown in Serbia, with average annual production of 65,400 tons on approximately 7,000 ha (4). In May 2013, a severe root rot was observed on approximately 20% of cold-stored carrot roots originating from Gospođinci, South Bačka District, Serbia. Symptoms included dry rot of the collar and crown as well as large, brown to dark brown, circular, sunken lesions on the stored roots. Frequently, abundant whitish mycelium was observed covering the surface of the colonized roots. To determine the causal agent, small pieces of infected tissue were surface-disinfested with 2% NaOCl without rinsing, air-dried, and placed on potato dextrose agar. Five single-spore isolates obtained from collar and crown tissue sections, as well as nine isolates from root sections, all formed abundant, cottony white to pale salmon fungal colonies with reddish orange pigment on the reverse surface of the agar medium when grown at 25°C under 12 h of fluorescent light per day. All recovered isolates formed numerous, three- to six-septate, hyaline, needle-like, straight to slightly curved, fusoid macroconidia (30 to 80 × 4 to 5.5 μm, average 58.3 × 4.9 μm, n = 100 spores) each with a tapering apical cell. Microconidia of all isolates were generally scarce, two- to four-septate, spindle-shaped, and 15 to 35 × 3 to 5 μm (average 21.3 × 4.2 μm). Chlamydospores were not observed. Based on these morphological characteristics, the pathogen was identified as Fusarium avenaceum (Fries) Saccardo (1). The pathogenicity on carrot was tested for isolate 19-14 by inoculating each of five carrot roots surface-disinfected with 2% NaOCl, by placing a mycelial plug into the surface of a wound created with a cork borer. Carrot roots inoculated with sterilized PDA plugs served as a negative control treatment. After 5 days of incubating the roots at 25°C, root rot symptoms identical to those observed on the source carrot plants developed on all inoculated roots, and the pathogen was re-isolated from each of these roots using the same procedure descibed above. There were no symptoms on the control roots. Morphological species identification was confirmed by sequencing the translation elongation factor (EF-1α) gene (2). Total DNA was extracted directly from fungal mycelium of isolate 19-14 with a DNeasy Plant Mini Kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany), and PCR amplification was performed with primer pair EF-1/EF-2 (2). Sequence analysis of the EF-1α gene revealed 100% nucleotide identity of isolate 19-14 (GenBank Accession No. KM102536) with the EF-1α sequences of two F. avenaceum isolates from Canada (KC999504 from rye and JX397864 from Triticum durum). To our knowledge, this is the first report of F. avenaceum causing collar, crown, and root rots of stored carrot in Serbia. Since F. avenaceum can produce several mycotoxins, including moniliformin, acuminatopyrone, and chrysogine (3), the presence of this pathogen on stored carrots could represent a significant constraint for carrot production in Serbia, for both direct yield losses and potential mycotoxin contamination. References: (1) J. F. Leslie and B. A. Summerell. The Fusarium Laboratory Manual, Blackwell Publishing, London, UK, 2006. (2) K. O'Donnell et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95:2044, 1998. (3) J. L. Sorenson. J. Agric. Food Chem. 57:1632, 2009. (4) Statistical Office, Republic of Serbia. Retrieved from http://webrzs.stat.gov.rs in May 2014.

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Mansoor, Naqsh E., Luis Diaz Aldana, Christopher Eugene Shuck, Yury Gogotsi, Tedd Lister und David Estrada. „Ammonia Removal from Simulated Wastewater Using Ti₃C₂T _x Mxene in Flow Electrode Capacitive Deionization“. ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, Nr. 48 (09.10.2022): 1795. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02481795mtgabs.

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The energy-water nexus poses an integrated research challenge with crucial global implications. The nexus highlights the need to adopt a proactive approach by focusing on the conservation and management of both resources. As global freshwater supply continues to deplete, a larger number of people in the world will need to rely on recycled water. One of the ways to address this concern is by focusing efforts on the development and deployment of energy efficient water remediation technologies. Ammonia is one of the most common contaminants found in domestic and industrial wastewater. Concurrently, it is also one of the most liberally produced chemicals because of its widespread use in the agricultural and textile industries. In 2020, approximately 144 million metric tons of ammonia were produced globally (1). Despite that, biological nitrification remains the most widespread method for treating ammonia wastewater (2). Aside from being cumbersome and slow, it also fails to recover ammonia, which is otherwise a valuable product. In pursuit of sustainability, product conservation directly translates to energy conservation and there remains a need for a water purification and ammonia recovery technology that is energy, water, and resource efficient. Capacitive deionization (CDI) is a separation technology that removes ions from water by applying a small voltage below the dissociation potential of water (1.23 V). The ions are temporarily stored in the electrodes and later released to a separate concentrated stream upon voltage removal or reversal. Flowing electrode CDI systems (FE-CDI) have proven advantageous because of their ability to prevent cross contamination, and to run in uninterrupted cycles ad infinitum . The performance of FE-CDI systems relies on the selection of suitable electrode materials with desired properties of high electrical conductivity, high surface area, colloidal stability, and surface sensitivity (3). MXenes are an emerging class of two-dimensional (2D) materials that are highly conductive, hydrophilic, tunable, and possess attractive charge storage and ion transport properties (4,5). In this work, we developed a flowing electrode capacitive deionization (FE-CDI) system using Ti3C2T x MXene suspension electrodes for the removal and recovery of ammonia from synthetic wastewater. A custom-built FE-CDI unit using titanium current collectors with an effective transfer area of 10 cm2 was used to test system efficiency. The electrode performance was evaluated by operating the CDI system with a feed solution of 500 mg/L NH4Cl running in batch mode at a constant voltage of 1.2 and -1.2 V in charging and discharging stages respectively. Despite low loading (1 mg/ml), Ti3C2T x flow electrodes showed a markedly improved performance by achieving 60% ion removal efficiency (Fig. 1a) in a short saturation time of 115 minutes, and an unprecedented ion adsorption capacity of 460 mg/g (Fig. 1b). This is ~ 7× higher than the currently reported value using Ti3C2 in a conventional CDI system targeted at sodium chloride (NaCl) desalination (6). Post-mortem characterization of the suspension electrodes by X-ray diffraction revealed that Ti3C2T x MXene sequestered high amounts of pollutants due to its ability to intercalate ions between its 2D layers. The electrodes possessed favorable electrochemical properties with a high specific capacitance of 148 F/g. The system proved to be a green technology by exhibiting satisfactory charge efficiency of 58-70% while operating at a relatively low energy consumption of 0.45 kWh/kg (Fig. 1c), which is about an order of magnitude lower than the 4.6 kWh/kg used by commercial wastewater treatment plants (7). The results demonstrate that the Ti3C2T x MXene electrodes have the potential to improve the FE-CDI process for energy-efficient removal and recovery of ammonia. IEA, Ammonia Technology Roadmap, International Energy Agency, Paris, (2021). F. Jaramillo, M. Orchard, C. Muñoz, M. Zamorano, and C. Antileo, J. Environ. Manage., 218, 154–164 (2018). Y. Oren, Desalination, 228, 10–29 (2008). Y. Gogotsi and B. Anasori, ACS Nano, 13, 8491–8494 (2019). P. Singh et al., J. Power Sources, 506 (2021). J. Ma, Y. Cheng, L. Wang, X. Dai, and F. Yu, Chem. Eng. J., 384 (2020). M. Ekman, B. Björlenius, and M. Andersson, Water Res., 40, 1668–1676 (2006). Figure 1

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Papaioannou, Dimitrios, Deedra Nicolet, Xiaoqing Rong-Mullins, Krzysztof Mrózek, Jessica Kohlschmidt, Andrew J. Carroll, Kellie J. Archer et al. „Prognostic and Biologic Significance of Long Non-Coding RNA (lncRNA) Profiling in Cytogenetically Abnormal Acute Myeloid Leukemia (CA-AML)“. Blood 132, Supplement 1 (29.11.2018): 2767. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-99-114035.

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Abstract Introduction: Aberrant expression levels of lncRNAs have been shown to independently associate with outcome of younger and older patients (pts) with cytogenetically normal AML. However, the prognostic and biologic significance of lncRNA expression in CA-AML pts have not been extensively studied. Methods: We performed whole transcriptome profiling (RNA-seq) in 469 pts with de novo CA-AML. Cytogenetic analyses were performed in institutional laboratories and the results were reviewed centrally. All pts were treated on frontline Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB)/Alliance protocols. Results: To evaluate the prognostic significance of lncRNA expression in CA-AML, we analyzed RNA-seq data of 469 pts by applying a machine learning algorithm-based approach. As CA-AML pts constitute a heterogeneous group, we first determined which other clinical and molecular parameters were prognostic [i.e., associated with event-free survival (EFS)] in our dataset. Among the parameters tested, the European LeukemiaNet (ELN) Risk Group status and age group [i.e., younger than 60 years (y) or aged 60 y and older] significantly associated with clinical outcome of CA-AML pts. Next, we individually identified each lncRNA that associated with EFS while adjusting for ELN Risk Group and age group. We conducted random forest analyses to select the prognostic lncRNAs, whose combined expression levels could generate an effective outcome predictor for CA-AML pts. For each step of the random forest analyses, a bootstrap technique was applied; a simple random sample of pts was drawn which served as the training set and the out-of-sample pts were used as the independent validation set. We identified 55 prognostic lncRNAs and used their expression levels to separate our CA-AML cohort into a lncRNA low-risk (n=161) and a lncRNA high-risk (n=308) group. With regard to clinical characteristics, pts in the lncRNA low-risk group were younger (P<.001) and had lower platelet counts (P<.001) and higher white blood cell counts (P=.01) than pts in the lncRNA high-risk group. Concerning cytogenetic abnormalities, pts in the low-risk group more often had core-binding factor translocations or inversions (P<.001) and less often complex karyotypes (P<.001) than pts in the high-risk group. Pts in the lncRNA low-risk group had higher complete remission (CR) rates than pts in the high-risk group (91% vs 48%, P<.001). LncRNA low-risk group status also associated with longer disease-free survival (DFS; 5-y rates 49% vs 12%, P<.001), overall survival (OS; 5-y rates: 58% vs 14%, P<.001) and EFS (5-y rates: 45% vs 6%, P<.001). With regard to the accuracy of outcome prediction, the lncRNA risk classification had a C-index of 0.73, which compares favorably with other prognostic classifiers of AML pts. In multivariable analyses, lncRNA low-risk status was an independent marker for higher CR rates, as well as for longer DFS, OS and EFS (P<.001 in all comparisons), after adjusting for other covariates. Finally, we examined the prognostic value of the lncRNA risk classification within the Favorable and Intermediate ELN Groups of our dataset, for which lncRNA risk groups had adequate pt numbers. Among pts in ELN Favorable Group, lncRNA low-risk pts (n=128) had higher CR rates (P=.003) and longer DFS (P<.001), OS (P<.001) and EFS (P<.001) than lncRNA high-risk pts (n=32). Similarly, in the ELN Intermediate Group (n=85), lncRNA low-risk group status (n=28) associated with higher CR rates (P=.01), longer OS (P=.01) and EFS (P=.005) and a trend for longer DFS (P=.08). To gain biological insights, we examined the molecular pathways regulated by the 55 prognostic lncRNAs. To minimize the confounding effects of differences in the concurrent cytogenetic abnormalities, we restricted these analyses to the ELN Favorable Group. We identified approximately 900 transcripts that were differentially expressed between lncRNA low- and high-risk pts. DAVID pathway analyses showed enrichment of genes involved in the processes of phosphorylation, acetylation and RNA-binding. Ingenuity pathway analyses of up-stream regulators identified aberrant activity of homeobox genes such as MEIS1, HOXA9 and HOXA10 in the lncRNA low-risk group and other transcription factors such as MYC, FOSB and JUN in the high-risk group. Conclusion: We conclude that lncRNA profiling provides meaningful prognostic and biologic information in CA-AML pts. Disclosures Kolitz: Magellan Health: Consultancy, Honoraria. Powell:Rafael Pharmaceuticals: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Stone:Cornerstone: Consultancy; Astellas: Consultancy; Orsenix: Consultancy; Merck: Consultancy; Celgene: Consultancy, Other: Data and Safety Monitoring Board, Steering Committee; Novartis: Consultancy, Research Funding; Arog: Consultancy, Research Funding; Fujifilm: Consultancy; Ono: Consultancy; Jazz: Consultancy; Sumitomo: Consultancy; Pfizer: Consultancy; Otsuka: Consultancy; Argenx: Other: Data and Safety Monitoring Board; Amgen: Consultancy; AbbVie: Consultancy; Agios: Consultancy, Research Funding. Uy:Curis: Consultancy; GlycoMimetics: Consultancy. Wang:Amgen: Consultancy; Amgen: Consultancy; Pfizer: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Novartis: Speakers Bureau; Abbvie: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Novartis: Speakers Bureau; Abbvie: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Jazz: Speakers Bureau; Pfizer: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Jazz: Speakers Bureau. Stock:Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy.

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