Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Approximately 469 B.C“
Geben Sie eine Quelle nach APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard und anderen Zitierweisen an
Inhaltsverzeichnis
Machen Sie sich mit den Listen der aktuellen Artikel, Bücher, Dissertationen, Berichten und anderer wissenschaftlichen Quellen zum Thema "Approximately 469 B.C" bekannt.
Neben jedem Werk im Literaturverzeichnis ist die Option "Zur Bibliographie hinzufügen" verfügbar. Nutzen Sie sie, wird Ihre bibliographische Angabe des gewählten Werkes nach der nötigen Zitierweise (APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver usw.) automatisch gestaltet.
Sie können auch den vollen Text der wissenschaftlichen Publikation im PDF-Format herunterladen und eine Online-Annotation der Arbeit lesen, wenn die relevanten Parameter in den Metadaten verfügbar sind.
Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Approximately 469 B.C"
1
Morton, Lindsay McOmber, Eric A. Engels, Theodore R. Holford, Brian Leaderer, Yawei Zhang, Shelia Hoar Zahm, Peter Boyle et al. „Hepatitis C Virus and Risk of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Population-Based Case-Control Study among Connecticut Women“. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention 13, Nr. 3 (01.03.2004): 425–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.425.13.3.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Abstract Objective: Previous epidemiologic studies of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL) have yielded conflicting results, perhaps due to differences in the classification of B-NHL and the choice of non-population-based control groups that may not reflect the background population prevalence of HCV. To further investigate the link between HCV and NHL, we conducted HCV testing on serum samples of 998 women (464 cases; 534 controls) from a population-based case-control study of women in Connecticut. Methods: Serum samples were screened for HCV antibodies using an enzyme immunoassay; positive samples were confirmed by additional testing for HCV antibodies and for serum HCV RNA. Results: Approximately 2% (8 of 464) of cases and 1% (5 of 534) of controls tested positive for HCV. The risk of NHL associated with HCV infection appeared to be concentrated among B-cell lymphomas [odds ratio (OR) 2.0; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.6, 8.2], particularly among follicular lymphomas (OR 4.1, 95% CI 0.8, 19.4). Conclusion: The primary strength of this study is our use of a population-based study design, although the low prevalence of HCV among women in Connecticut resulted in wide CIs for the estimated association between HCV and B-NHL subtypes. Our study suggests that HCV may be associated with increased risk of development of B-NHL, and that this risk may vary by B-NHL subtype among women. Due to the relatively low prevalence of HCV in our study population and the scarcity of population-based epidemiological research on this subject, our study highlights the need for additional large, population-based studies of the role of HCV in the etiology of B-NHL.
2
Freitas, Leilane, Andressa J. Barbosa, Bianca A. Vale, Iracilda Sampaio und Simoni Santos. „Development of rapid and cost-effective multiplex PCR assays to differentiate catfish of the genus Brachyplatystoma (Pimelodidae–Siluriformes) sold in Brazil“. PeerJ 11 (05.06.2023): e15364. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.15364.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The catfishes Brachyplatystoma filamentosum (Kumakuma), Brachyplatystoma vaillantii (Laulao catfish), and Brachyplatystoma rousseauxii (gilded catfish) are important fishery resources in Brazil, where they are sold both fresh and in the form of fillets or steaks. These species have morphological similarities, thus, they can be easily misidentified or substituted, especially after processed. Therefore, accurate, sensitive, and reliable methods are needed for the identification of these species to avoid commercial fraud. In the present study, we develop two multiplex PCR assays for the identification of the three catfish species. Each multiplex protocol combined three species-specific forward primers and a universal reverse primer to produce banding patterns able to discriminate the target species unequivocally. The length of the cytochrome C oxidase subunit I (COI) fragments was approximately 254 bp for B. rousseauxii, 405 bp for B. vaillantii, and 466 bp for B. filamentosum, while the control region (CR) assay produced fragments of approximately 290 bp for B. filamentosum, 451 bp for B. vaillantii, and 580 bp for B. rousseauxii. The protocols were sensitive enough to detect the target species at a DNA concentration of 1 ng/µL, with the exception of the CR of B. vaillantii, in which the fragment was only detectable at 10 ng/µL. Therefore, the multiplex assays developed in the present study were sensitive, accurate, efficient, rapid, and cost-effective for the unequivocal identification of the target species of Brachyplatystoma. They can be utilized by fish processing industries to certify their products, or by government agencies to authenticate products and prevent fraudulent commercial substitutions.
3
Kou, Hao-Wei, Chih-Po Hsu, Yi-Fu Chen, Jen-Fu Huang, Shih-Chun Chang, Chao-Wei Lee, Shang-Yu Wang et al. „The Severity of Postoperative Pancreatic Fistula Predicts 30-Day Unplanned Hospital Visit and Readmission after Pancreaticoduodenectomy: A Single-Center Retrospective Cohort Study“. Healthcare 10, Nr. 1 (08.01.2022): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10010126.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Background: Unplanned hospital visits (UHV) and readmissions after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) impact patients’ postoperative recovery and are associated with increased financial burden and morbidity. The aim of this study is to identify predictive factors related to these events and target the potentially preventable UHV and readmissions. Methods: We enrolled 518 patients in this study. Characteristics were compared between patients with or without UHV and readmissions. Results: The unplanned visit and readmission rate was 23.4% and 15.8%, respectively. Postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) grade B or C, the presence of postoperative biliary drainage, and reoperation were found to be predictive factors for UHV, whereas POPF grade B or C and the presence of postoperative biliary drainage were independently associated with hospital readmission. The most common reason for readmission was an infection, followed by failure to thrive. The overall mortality rate in the readmission group was 4.9%. Conclusions: UHV and readmissions remain common among patients undergoing PD. Patients with grade B or C POPF assessed during index hospitalization harbor an approximately two-fold increased risk of subsequent unplanned visits or readmissions compared to those with no POPF or biochemical leak. Proper preventive strategies should be adopted for high-risk patients in this population to maintain the continuum of healthcare and improve quality.
4
Mitkowski, N. A. „First Report of Bacterial Wilt of Annual Bluegrass Caused by Xanthomonas translucens pv. poae in Montana“. Plant Disease 89, Nr. 9 (September 2005): 1016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-89-1016b.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
During August 2003, a golf course putting green sample composed of Poa annua from the Buffalo Hill Country Club in Kalispell, MT exhibiting symptoms of general decline, wilting, and necrosis was submitted to the University of Rhode Island Turfgrass Disease Diagnostic Laboratory. No pathogenic fungi were observed or cultured from affected plants. Bacterial streaming was observed from cut leaves. Cut leaves were surface disinfested for 5 min in a 0.6% sodium hypochlorite solution and plated on yeast dextrose calcium carbonate (YDC) agar media. A single yellow, mucoid colony type composed of rod-shaped bacteria was isolated from all leaves. Bacteria were gram negative, lacked anaerobic growth, did not fluorescence on King's medium B, and were able to grow at 33°C on YDC. Colonies were transferred to YDC for 10 days, DNA was extracted and a 2,190-bp region encompassing the 16S rRNA, ITS, and 5′ end of the 23S rRNA was amplified via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using previously published protocols (1). Sequence comparisons of the resulting 2,190-bp PCR product revealed a 99.7% sequence similarity with X. translucens pv. poae (American Type Culture Collection [ATCC] no. 33804) and a 99.8% sequence similarity with X. translucens pv. poae M-1 (Torrington, CT). No higher sequence similarity could be identified from a BLAST search. The Montana isolate and the previously described M-1 isolate were inoculated onto four replicates of 5-month-old P. annua var. annua plants by dipping cut leaves into a bacterial suspension adjusted to 109 CFU/ml in 0.9% NaCl. Control plants were dipped into 0.9% NaCl without the presence of the bacteria. All plants were placed in the greenhouse at an average daytime temperature of approximately 24°C and 12 h of sunlight. After 8 weeks, the plants were assessed for disease and checked for bacterial streaming. This experiment was repeated once. The Montana isolate caused approximately 68 and 70% leaf death and the M-1 isolate caused 21 and 25% leaf death in the two experiments. Bacterial streaming was observed in approximately 50 and 80% of the examined leaves inoculated with the M-1 and Montana isolates, respectively. Control plants showed no leaf mortality or bacterial streaming. Although this pathogen was originally identified in the United States in Michigan (2) and has been prevalent in the northeastern United States for the past 10 to 15 years, to our knowledge, this is the first report of the disease in the northwestern United States. References: (1) N. A. Mitkowski et al. Plant Dis. 89:469, 2005. (2) D. L. Roberts et al. Phytopathology 75:1289, 1985.
5
Hayati, Masoumeh, Mehrdad Shamseddini, Yahya Tahamtan, Safar Sadeghzadeh, Mohsen Manavian und Davood Nikoo. „Isolation and Toxin Typing of Clostridium Perfringens From Sheep, Goats, and Cattle in Fars Province, Iran“. International Journal of Enteric Pathogens 8, Nr. 3 (30.08.2020): 89–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/ijep.2020.20.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Background: Clostridium perfringens is an important anaerobic bacterium found in the intestine of some livestock. It is concerned with the etiology of some diseases including enterotoxaemia. Various diseases are caused by different types of C. perfringens. Nonetheless, there is no published research on molecular typing and distribution of this pathogenic microorganism in Fars province. Objectives: Accordingly, our study focused on the isolation and toxin typing of C. perfringens from sheep, cattle, and goats in different parts of Fars province by the culture and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Materials and Methods: Approximately 459 fecal samples were collected and cultured on defined media for the isolation of C. perfringens. The confirmed isolates were genotyped by the PCR method using specific primers. Results: C. perfringens was isolated from 30.93% of the total samples. The results of toxin typing showed a total of 76 (54%), 13 (9%), 30 (21%), and 23 (16%) isolates as types A, B, C, and D, respectively. Conclusion: Our results indicated that C. perfringens type A was the most common type in sheep, cattle, and goats while the lowest number of isolates belonged to type B. Finally, the isolation of C. perfringens and toxin typing increase our knowledge of the epidemiology of these diseases and can help in the vaccine industry and better controlling related diseases.
6
Gunarto, Gunarto, Muliani Muliani und Abdul Mansyur. „PENGARUH APLIKASI SUMBER C- KARBOHIDRAT (TEPUNG TAPIOKA) DAN FERMENTASI PROBIOTIK PADA BUDIDAYA UDANG WINDU, Penaeus monodon POLA INTENSIF DI TAMBAK“. Jurnal Riset Akuakultur 5, Nr. 3 (28.11.2016): 393. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jra.5.3.2010.393-409.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Penelitian bertujuan untuk membandingkan pengaruh penambahan sumber C- karbohidrat (tepung tapioka) dan fermentasi probiotik pada budidaya udang windu dengan pola intensif di tambak terutama melihat efeknya terhadap perbaikan kualitas air, pertumbuhan, sintasan, dan produksi udang windu. Enam petak tambak masing-masing ukuran sekitar 4.000 m2, setelah selesai tahap persiapan tambak (pengeringan, pembalikan tanah dasar, pengapuran, pengisian air, dan pemupukan), kemudian tambak ditebari tokolan udang windu PL-25 dengan padat tebar 20 ekor/m2. Tiga perlakuan diuji yaitu A). Penambahan tepung tapioka ke air tambak dengan dosis 62% dari total pakan yang diberikan per hari dan diberikan dalam selang waktu lima hari sekali selama masa pemeliharaan pada bulan pertama dan kemudian dengan selang waktu tiga hari sekali selama masa pemeliharaan bulan kedua hingga menjelang panen; B). Pemberian fermentasi probiotik ke air tambak sebanyak 5 mg/L/minggu; dan C). Pemberian fermentasi probiotik ke air tambak sebanyak 10 mg/L/minggu. Masing-masing perlakuan dengan dua ulangan. Sampling pertumbuhan, kualitas air, dan bakteri dilakukan setiap dua minggu sekali. Sintasan, produksi, dan nilai konversi pakan dihitung setelah udang dipanen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian tepung tapioka menyebabkan konsentrasi amoniak relatif lebih rendah di perlakuan A daripada di perlakuan B dan C, namun menunjukkan perbedaan yang tidak nyata (P>0,05) di antara ketiga perlakuan tersebut. Bahan Organik Total (BOT) pada hari ke-112 di perlakuan C paling rendah dan menunjukkan perbedaan yang nyata (P<0,05) dengan BOT di perlakuan B dan A. Juga terdapat indikasi adanya peningkatan populasi bakteri heterotrof, bakteri Sulfur Oxidizing Bacteria (SOB) di sedimen tambak, terutama di perlakuan C yang terjadi setelah masuk bulan ke-IV. Konsentrasi oksigen terlarut di perlakuan C relatif lebih tinggi daripada di perlakuan B dan A. Hal tersebut kemungkinan yang menyebabkan pertumbuhan, sintasan, dan produksi udang pada perlakuan C lebih tinggi daripada yang diperoleh pada perlakuan B dan A. Nilai konversi pakan yang terendah juga dijumpai pada perlakuan C, sedangkan yang tertinggi pada perlakuan A. Hasil analisis statistik baik pada pertumbuhan, sintasan, produksi, dan nilai konversi pakan menunjukkan perbedaan yang tidak nyata (P>0,05) di antara ketiga perlakuan yang diuji.The objective of the research was to compare the effect of addition of carbohydrate source (starch flour) and probiotics fermentation to the water quality and the growth, survival, and production of tiger shrimp in intensive brackishwater pond system. Six pond compartments each sized approximately of 4,000 m2, went through preparation stages (pond drying, ploughing, liming, filling the pond with sea water and fertilyzing). Then the ponds were stocked with tiger shrimp post larvae day 25 at stocking density of 20 ind./m2. Three treatments were tested, A). the addition of starch flour in pond water column at a dosage of 62% of the total given feed per day, and applied every five days during the first month of shrimp culture, and then every three days from the second month to harvest time; B). the addition of probiotic fermentation to the pond water column and was given at 5 mg/L/week; and C). the addition of probiotic fermentation to the pond water column and was given at 10 mg/L/week. Result of the research showed that the addition of starch flour was able to decrease the ammonia concentration in treatment A, but there was no significant difference (P>0.05) with the ammonia concentration compared to the treatment B and C. Total Organic Matter (TOM) at day 112 in treatment C was the lowest and significantly different (P<0.05) with TOM in treatment B and A. There was also an indication of increasing heterothrophic bacterial population and Sulphur Oxidizing Bacterial (SOB) in the sediment pond of treatment C in the fourth month of culture period. Dissolved oxygen in treatment C relatively was higher than those of treatment A and B. These conditions presummably have caused the higher of shrimp growth, survival rate and production in treatment C compared to the treatment A and B. The lowest of feed conversion ratio was also obtained by treatment C and the highest was treatment A. Statistical analysis on shrimp growth, survival, production, and feed convertion ratio were not significantly different (P>0.05) among those treatments.
7
Manawar, Rohit B., Mitesh B. Gondaliya, Manish K. Shah, Mukesh M. Jotani und Edward R. T. Tiekink. „2-{(1E)-[(E)-2-(2,6-Dichlorobenzylidene)hydrazin-1-ylidene]methyl}phenol: crystal structure, Hirshfeld surface analysis and computational study“. Acta Crystallographica Section E Crystallographic Communications 75, Nr. 10 (10.09.2019): 1423–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2056989019012349.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The title Schiff base compound, C14H10Cl2N2O, features an E configuration about each of the C=N imine bonds. Overall, the molecule is approximately planar with the dihedral angle between the central C2N2 residue (r.m.s. deviation = 0.0371 Å) and the peripheral hydroxybenzene and chlorobenzene rings being 4.9 (3) and 7.5 (3)°, respectively. Nevertheless, a small twist is evident about the central N—N bond [the C—N—N—C torsion angle = −172.7 (2)°]. An intramolecular hydroxy-O—H...N(imine) hydrogen bond closes an S(6) loop. In the crystal, π–π stacking interactions between hydroxy- and chlorobenzene rings [inter-centroid separation = 3.6939 (13) Å] lead to a helical supramolecular chain propagating along the b-axis direction; the chains pack without directional interactions between them. The calculated Hirshfeld surfaces point to the importance of H...H and Cl...H/H...Cl contacts to the overall surface, each contributing approximately 29% of all contacts. However, of these only Cl...H contacts occur at separations less than the sum of the van der Waals radii. The aforementioned π–π stacking interactions contribute 12.0% to the overall surface contacts. The calculation of the interaction energies in the crystal indicates significant contributions from the dispersion term.
8
Geng, L., Y. Segal, A. Pavlova, E. J. Barros, C. Lohning, W. Lu, S. K. Nigam, A. M. Frischauf, S. T. Reeders und J. Zhou. „Distribution and developmentally regulated expression of murine polycystin“. American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 272, Nr. 4 (01.04.1997): F451—F459. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1997.272.4.f451.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
PKD1, the gene that is mutated in approximately 85% of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) cases in humans, has recently been identified (Eur. PKD Consortium. Cell 77: 881-894, 1994; also, erratum in Cell 78: 1994). The longest open-reading frame of PKD1 encodes polycystin, a novel approximately 460-kDa protein that contains a series of NH2-terminal adhesive domains (J. Hughes, C. J. Ward, B. Peral, R. Aspinwall, K. Clark, J. San Millan, V. Gamble, and P. C. Harris. Nat. Genet. 10: 151-160, 1995; and Int. PKD Consortium. Cell 81: 289–298, 1995) and several putative transmembrane segments. To extend studies of polycystin to an experimentally accessible animal, we have isolated a cDNA clone encoding the 3' end of Pkd1, the mouse homologue of PKD1, and raised a specific antibody to recombinant murine polycystin. This antibody was used to determine the subcellular localization and tissue distribution of the protein by Western analysis and immunocytochemistry. In the mouse, polycystin is an approximately 400-kDa molecule that is predominantly found in membrane fractions of tissue and cell extracts. It is expressed in many tissues including kidney, liver, pancreas, heart, intestine, lung, and brain. Renal expression, which is confined to tubular epithelia, is highest in late fetal and early neonatal life and drops 20-fold by the third postnatal week, maintaining this level into adulthood. Thus the temporal profile of polycystin expression coincides with kidney tubule differentiation and maturation.
9
Garibaldi, A., D. Bertetti, A. Poli und M. L. Gullino. „First Report of Black Rot Caused by Phomopsis cucurbitae on Cantaloupe (Cucumis melo) in the Piedmont Region of Northern Italy“. Plant Disease 95, Nr. 10 (Oktober 2011): 1317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-06-11-0481.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Cucumis melo L., belonging to the Cucurbitaceae family, is cultivated on more than 23,000 ha in Italy. Cantaloupe (C. melo L. var. cantalupensis Naudin) is the most popular variety. In summer 2010, a previously unknown rot was observed on fruits produced in Italy and marketed in the Piedmont Region of northern Italy. Early symptoms on fruit consisted of irregular, brown, soft, sunken lesions up to 10 cm in diameter. No surface mold was visible and pycnidia were not present. Internally, the decay is adjacent to the sunken area of the fruit's surface and is soft, water soaked, spongy, with a nearly circular margin, and easily separated from healthy tissues. Fragments (approximately 3 mm3) were taken from the margin of the internal diseased tissues, cultured on potato dextrose agar (PDA), and incubated at 24 ± 1°C, (16 h of light and 8 h of darkness). Fungal colonies initially appeared coarse, at first whitish then buff brown, and produced dark pycnidia 0.5 mm in diameter, which exuded numerous conidia belonging to two types. Type A conidia were hyaline, unicellular, ellipsoidal to fusiform, sometimes slightly constricted in the middle, and measured 5.6 to 10.3 × 1.7 to 2.6 (average 8.0 × 2.1) μm. Type B conidia were hyaline, long, slender, curved, and measured 17.1 to 26.6 × 0.7 to 1.4 (average 22.0 × 1.0) μm. Sclerotia were not produced. The morphological characteristics of the fungus corresponded to those of the genus Phomopsis (1). The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA was amplified using the primers ITS1/ITS4 and sequenced. BLAST analysis of the 543-bp segment showed a 99% similarity with the sequence of a Phomopsis sp. (GenBank Accession No. HM999947). The nucleotide sequence has been assigned the GenBank Accession No. JN032733. Both Phomopsis cucurbitae and P. sclerotioides are pathogenic to Cucurbitaceae, however P. cucurbitae is identifiable by the production of B conidia and the absence of sclerotia. Therefore, P. cucurbitae has been considered the causal agent of the disease. Pathogenicity tests were performed by inoculating three wounded cantaloupe fruits after surface disinfesting in 1% sodium hypochlorite. Six wounds per fruit, 1 cm deep, were made with a sterile needle. Mycelial disks (10 mm in diameter), obtained from PDA cultures of one strain, were placed on each wound. Three control fruits were inoculated with PDA. Fruits were incubated at 16 ± 1°C in the dark. The first symptoms developed 4 days after the artificial inoculation. Two days later, the rot developed at all inoculation points and the pathogen was consistently reisolated. Noninoculated fruit remained healthy. The pathogenicity test was performed twice with similar results. P. cucurbitae has been reported on melon in many countries (2,3). To our knowledge, this is the first report of the disease in Italy. Currently, the relevance of the disease in the country is not yet well known. However, attention must be paid considering that the pathogen can be transmitted through seeds. References: (1) H. L. Barnett and B. B. Hunter. Illustrated Genera of Imperfect Fungi. Burgess Publishing Company, Minneapolis, MN, 1972. (2) L. Beraha and M. J. O'Brien. Phytopathol. Z. 94:199, 1979. (3) E. Punithalingam and P. Holliday. Phomopsis cucurbitae. IMI Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria. 47, Sheet 469, 1975.
10
Hogue, R. S., M. W. Schul, C. F. Dando und B. E. Erdman. „The effect of nitroglycerin ointment on great saphenous vein targeted venous access site diameter with endovenous laser treatment“. Phlebology: The Journal of Venous Disease 23, Nr. 5 (Oktober 2008): 222–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/phleb.2007.007076.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Objectives To assess the effect of topically applied nitroglycerin (NTG) ointment (2%) on preoperative targeted venous access site great saphenous vein (GSV) diameter in patients undergoing endovenous laser treatment (ELT). Methods In this double-blinded randomized study design, 75 patients received either (A) treadmill ambulation only, (B) topically applied NTG ointment only, or (C) topically applied NTG ointment + treadmill ambulation. Targeted venous access vein diameters were measured before therapeutic intervention and then repeated after approximately 30 min following pretreatment intervention. Presence of venospasm and the number of ultrasound-guided venous access attempts during each ELT procedure were assessed during the study. Results The mean pretreatment vein diameter was 2.6 mm (range 0.9–4.9 mm). The post-treatment percentage change in vein diameter for group A (treadmill ambulation only) was +2.7% ( P = 0.403), whereas group B (NTG only) and group C (NTG + treadmill ambulation) demonstrated significant venodilatation of +69.0% ( P < 0.0001) and +51.7% ( P < 0.0001), respectively. Statistical analysis of variances and multivariate linear regression model revealed topically applied NTG ointment and ‘C’ classification of clinical, aetiological, anatomical and pathological elements (CEAP) were each significant predictors for venodilatation percentage change ( P < 0.001 and = 0.028, respectively). Conclusion Pretreatment with topically applied NTG ointment (2%) produced a statistically significant, as well as subjective clinically significant venodilatation change in the targeted venous access site diameter of patients undergoing ELT of the GSV in this study.
Bücher zum Thema "Approximately 469 B.C"
1
Xenophon. Anabasis: Der Zug der Zehntausend : griechisch-deutsch. München: Artemis, 1990.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle finden
2
Xenophon. Anabasis. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 2001.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle finden
3
Fiorenza, Bevilacqua, Hrsg. Anabasi. Torino: Unione tipografico-editrice torinese, 2002.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle finden
4
Brownson, Carleton L. b. 1866. und Dillery John 1961-, Hrsg. Anabasis. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1998.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle finden
5
1892-1975, Sonevyt͡s︡ʹkyĭ Mykhaĭlo, Hrsg. Anabazis. Ni͡u︡ Ĭork: Naukove t-vo im. Shevchenka, 1986.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle finden
6
Cicero, Marcus Tullius. O tempora! O mores!: Cicero's Catilinarian orations : a student edition with historical essays. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2005.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle finden
7
Xenophon. The Anabasis of Xenophon, With Engl. Notes, by C. Anthon. Arkose Press, 2015.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle finden
8
Xenophon. The Anabasis of Cyrus (Agora Editions). Cornell University Press, 2007.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle finden
9
Xenophon. Anabasis. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2017.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle finden
10
Spelman, Edward, und Xenophon. The Anabasis. Sagwan Press, 2015.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenBuchteile zum Thema "Approximately 469 B.C"
1
Laimer, Margit, Rashmi Boro, Veronika Hanzer, Emmanuel Ogwok und Eduviges G. Borroto Fernandez. „Protocol on Mutation Induction in Coffee Using In Vitro Tissue Cultures“. In Mutation Breeding in Coffee with Special Reference to Leaf Rust, 61–81. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-67273-0_5.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
AbstractPathogens are the major limiting factors in coffee production. Approximately 26% of the global annual coffee production is lost to diseases, threatening the income of approx. 125 million people worldwide. Therefore, reducing coffee yield losses by improving coffee resistance to diseases and insect attacks through breeding can make a major contribution to agricultural sustainability. Mutation breeding in vegetatively propagated and perennial crops is hampered in large part due to bottlenecks in the induction of variation (lack of recombination) and challenges in screening. Tissue culture approaches using alternative types of material were developed. This offers a clear advantage of providing the required sample size for mutation induction and subsequent screening within a reasonable time frame. The protocols developed compare different tissue culture systems for mutation induction involving unicellular and multicellular explants requiring different numbers of subsequent subcultures to reduce the impact of chimerism: (a) axillary shoot culture for the provision of donor material for mutation induction and regeneration; (b) leaf disc cultures for the induction of calli; (c) direct and indirect somatic embryogenesis for the production of somatic embryos; (d) the irradiation of somatic embryos at the globular and cotyledonary stage. Mutagenesis was induced by irradiation with a Cobalt-60 Gamma-source at the FAO/IAEA Laboratories in Seibersdorf, Austria. A comparison of the time required for the regeneration of high numbers (hundreds) of plantlets from irradiated in vitro shoots versus irradiated embryogenic calli is clearly in favor of embryogenic calli, since the plantlets regenerate from individual cells and can be used for genotypic and phenotypic analyses directly. This chapter describes the general methods for mutation induction using gamma irradiation and the procedures that can be used to generate large numbers of induced mutants in different tissues of coffee under in vitro conditions.
2
Silva, Marina França Elias da, Maria Rafaella da Fonseca, José Carlos de Andrade Alves, Renata Valéria Regis de Sousa Gomes und Emmanuela Prado de Paiva Azevedo. „ANÁLISE FÍSICO-QUÍMICA DA KOMBUCHA DE CHÁ VERDE (CAMELLIA SINENSIS) ENRIQUECIDA COM MEL FLORAL DA CAATINGA DA APIS MELLIFERA“. In Agroindústria 4.0: oportunidades e desafios, 450–69. Instituto Internacional Despertando Vocações, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.31692/978-65-88970-43-0.450-469.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Kombucha é uma bebida fermentada feita a partir de chá adoçado. O processo de preparação envolve o cultivo de uma colônia de bactérias e leveduras chamada de SCOBY. Para este estudo, o objetivo foi de produzir uma Kombucha com chá verde a partir da fermentação com adição de mel, e realizar a caracterização fisico-quimica do mel utilizado. Para isso, utilizou-se 1L de água filtrada aquecida a 90o, (1%) chá verde, (10%) mel e (20%) cultura starter. Foram feitas análises (açúcares totais, cinzas, umidade, atividade de água, brix, fenólicos totais, pH e vitamina C) de duas variedades de mel produzidas nos municípios de Verdejante (MV) e Tamandaré (MT), e da Kombucha produzida, no sétimo dia de fermentação.Os valores obtidos para os teores de açúcares totais para os méis (MV=87,16 g glc/100g; MT=53,85 g glc/100g) e cinzas (MV=0,23% e MT=0,51%) mostram que a diferença do bioma e da florada podem impactar na composição do mel. Porém, para ambos, o índice de umidade mostrou- se fora do padrão de qualidade do Regulamento Técnico de Identidade e Qualidade do Mel (MV=21,58% e MT=23,51%) o que pode afetar na preservação dos produtos. Em relação às análises da Kombucha, o pH se mostrou muito baixo, 1,77 no sétimo dia, e 1,72 no décimo quarto. Para os fenólicos totais, foram divididos em dois grupos A e B, com diluições diferentes. O grupo A obteve uma média de resultados de 23,848 mg de EAG/ml, e o grupo B média de 7,631 mg de EAG/ml, mostrando que a bebida produzida possui potencial para ação antioxidante. A atividade de água se mostrou dentro dos parâmetros desejáveis, com média de 0,9842 aw, além do teor de vitamina C encontrado de 0,833 mg/100ml, se mostrando adequado se comparado com a literatura. Com isso, os resultados de açúcares totais, cinzas, atividade de água e brix, para os méis, se encontraram dentro dos parâmetros ditados pela legislação, diferente do teor de umidade. Além disso, nota-se que a vegetação local tem influência sobre as propriedades fisico-quimicas deste alimento. Em relação a Kombucha, apenas o valor de pH se mostrou fora dos valores de qualidade, sendo reajustes necessários na metodologia para tornar a bebida adequada para o consumo. Palavras-chave: mel, kombucha, fermentação.
3
Wolffe, Alan P., und Horace R. Drew. „DNA structure: implications for chromatin structure and function“. In Chromatin Structure and Gene Expression, 27–48. Oxford University PressOxford, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199635764.003.0002.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Abstract DNA has a simple yet intricate structure that serves as the template for the assembly of a chromosome. Each chromosome has one DNA molecule, a long unbranched double helix consisting of two antiparallel polynucleotide chains. The structure is stabilized by base-stacking interactions and hydrogen bonding between the bases: G (guanine) being paired to C (cytosine) and A (adenine) to T (thymine). Physical studies using X-ray diffraction indicate that, under conditions of physiological ionic strength, DNA is a somewhat regular helix with a diameter of 2 nm, making a complete turn every 3.0 to 3.4 nm. This particular DNA structure (B form) has approximately 10.5 bp/tum of the helix, with a variation due to base sequence of 9.9 to 11.1 bp/tum. Every base pair is rotated approximately 34° around the axis of the helix relative to the next base pair, resulting in a twisting of the two polynucleotide strands around each other. A double helix is formed that has a minor groove (very approximately 1.2 nm across) and a major groove (very approximately 2.2 nm across). The geometry of the major and minor grooves of DNA is crucial in determining the interactions of proteins with the DNA backbone sugars and phosphates. The double helix is usually right handed.
4
Darke, Christopher, und Philip Dyer. „Clinical HLA typing by cytotoxicity“. In Histocompatibility Testing, 51–80. Oxford University PressOxford, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199633647.003.0003.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Abstract The microlymphocytotoxicity test is universally employed for serological HLA-A, -B, -C, -DR, and -DQ typing. Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) (consisting of approximately 80% T and 10-15% B cells in healthy subjects) or T cells are generally used as targets for HLA-A, -B, and -C typing. B cell enriched suspensions are used for typing HLA-DR and -DQ antigens which are not expressed on resting T cells. Lymphocytes are tested with a set of HLA specific alloantibodies which are polyclonal antisera or monoclonal antibodies (see Chapter 2) each selected to react with one (monospecific), or sometimes two or more (polyspecific/ multispecific) HLA antigens. For full HLA typing the antibody set should cover as many of the various HLA antigens as possible. Reagents for HLA typing should ideally be selected to give strong reliable positive and negative results.
5
Rizza, Stacey A. „Viral Hepatitis“. In Mayo Clinic Infectious Diseases Board Review, 295–300. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199827626.003.0030.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Many viruses can cause multisystem disease in humans. There are 5 hepatotropic viruses that primarily infect the human liver and cause hepatitis: A, B, C, D, and E. In 1996 a sixth virus, hepatitis G virus, was described, but its role in human disease remains uncertain. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, approximately 10 cases of viral hepatitis per 100,000 people are reported each year in the United States. The causes, diagnosis, and treatment of each virus are reviewed.
6
Kapoor, Urvashi, und P. R. Sodani. „Assessment of Adherence to Predefined Standards for the Handling and Utilization of Concentrated Electrolytes Using FMEA Methodology in a Tertiary Care Hospital“. In HEALTHCARE MANAGEMENT: ISSUES AND OPPORTUNITIES. KAAV PUBLICATIONS, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.52458/9789388996822.2023.eb.ch-06.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Medication errors (MEs) frequently occur due to the intricacies of the five stages involved in the medication process: (a) prescription, (b) transcription, (c) preparation, (d) administration, and (e) monitoring [1,2]. Approximately one-third of MEs causing harm to patients typically take place during the preparation and administration stages [2]. Inappropriately administering concentrated electrolytes, as reported, can have fatal consequences [3,4]. Significantly, mistakes in prescribing, preparing, or administering concentrated electrolytes, like intravenous (IV) potassium, have been recorded as causing substantial harm to patients.
7
Gnanasekaran, S., Samson Jerold Samuel Chelladurai, G. Padmanaban und S. Sivananthan. „Microstructural and High Temperature Wear Characteristics of Plasma Transferred Arc Hardfaced Ni–Cr–Si–B-C Alloy Deposits“. In Liquid Metals [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.98622.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Due to the tough working environments, wear damage to nuclear reactor components is frequent. Usually, nuclear elements run at 573 k to 873 k. The feed water controller valves, used for the thundering of coolant flow, wear out faster among the reactor components. Austenitic stainless steels, using different methods for hardfacing, improve wear resistance to the cobalt and nickel alloys. Nickel based hardfacing is more resistant to wear than cobalt based hardfacing at high temperatures thanks to the solid oxide layers. Austenitic stainless-steel substrates generally favor nickel-based hardfaced (Ni–Cr-Si–B-C) over cobalt-driven hardfacing because this reduces radiation-induced nuclear activity. A well-known surface method for depositing nickel hardfacing, minimal dilution, alloys is the Plasma Transfer Arc (PTAs) weld technique. In this study the Ni-based alloy is hardfaced over a 316 L (N) ASS substratum with PTA hardfacing, for a dense of approximately 4–4.5 mm. The substrates and deposits were tested at different temperatures with a pin on disc wear (room temperature, 150 and 250°C).When grinding with 1000 grain SiC abrasive paper, the wear test samples were polished to the roughness value (Ra) of less than 0,25 m.The deposit showed a variety of wear mechanisms regarding the test temperature. Using friction and wear values and wear analysis, the wear mechanisms were determined. There was a considerable wear loss at room temperature (RT).At 423 K operating heat, mild ploughing at short sliding distances and tribo-oxidation were carried out with increasing sliding time.The primary wear mechanism was adherence at the time of operating temperature at 623 K, but as the sliding distance widened, tribo-oxidation improved. In combination with a working hardened substrate, the formation of an oxide layer could significantly reduce the wear loss of nickel-based alloys.
8
Liles, W. Conrad, und Waltere Stamm. „Occupational Risk“. In The HIV Manual, 128–34. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195100365.003.0013.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Abstract The risk of acquisition of HIV by health care workers who sustain a needlestick injury or similar percutaneous injury involving HIV-infected blood is currently estimated to be approximately 0.3 percent. Thus, the magnitude of risk of acquiring HIV from a discrete percutaneous exposure is less than the risks associated with exposure to hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV). With HBV, the infection rate ranges from 5 percent following exposure to an HBV e-antigen-negative source to 43 percent following exposure to an HBV e-antigen-positive source; with HCV, the rates range from 1 to 3 percent.
9
Monczor, Ana, Margaret Hoffman-Terry und Karen J. Vigil. „HIV and Hepatitis Coinfection“. In Fundamentals of HIV Medicine 2019, 433–46. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190942496.003.0040.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Upon completion of this chapter, the reader should be able to • Discuss the clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and treatment complications of hepatitis B and hepatitis C in HIV-infected patients. Hepatitis B (HBV) infection is common in people living with HIV, and all patients with HIV should be screened for HBV infection. The most common route of transmission worldwide is through perinatal or early childhood exposure, but adult transmission of HBV is often by routes similar to those for HIV, including sexual contact and injection drug use. Although it varies by exposure route, approximately 10% of people living with HIV also have chronic HBV infection, and up to 90% have serologic evidence of past exposure to HBV (...
10
Sztajnkrycer, Matthew D. „Clinical Toxicology: Selected Drugs of Abuse and Chemical and Biological Warfare Agents“. In Mayo Clinic Critical and Neurocritical Care Board Review, herausgegeben von Eelco F. M. Wijdicks, James Y. Findlay, William D. Freeman und Ayan Sen, 475–82. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190862923.003.0077.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Approximately 10% of the US population 12 years or older uses illicit drugs. Although illicit drug use is typically considered a disease of the young, substance misuse is also a serious risk for older persons. Chemical and biological agents have been used in warfare for millennia. Chemical weapons are regulated under the 1993 Chemical Weapons Convention. Classic chemical weapons include nerve agents, vesicants, blood agents (cellular asphyxiants [eg, cyanide]), choking agents (pulmonary toxicity [eg, phosgene and chlorine]), and incapacitating agents (nonlethal [eg, 3-quinuclidinyl benzilate]). The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) classifies biological warfare agents into Category A, B, or C. Category A agents are of greatest concern.
Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Approximately 469 B.C"
1
Küçük, Ayşe Sena, Turgay Dindaroğlu und Emre Babur. „Carbon and Nitrogen Storage Capacities of Soils of Different Land Use in Karstic Ecosystems“. In 3rd International Congress on Engineering and Life Science. Prensip Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.61326/icelis.2023.22.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
There are significant differences in carbon and nitrogen storage of soils developed under to different land uses in areas where climate, bedrock and other external factors are similar. This study was carried out to determine soil carbon and nitrogen stocks of forest (O), Agriculture (T) and bare (B) areas, including Ahir Mountain Green belt afforestation area in Kahramanmaraş province. Disturbed and undisturbed soil samples (72 in total) were collected from the topsoil (0-20 cm) of 36 systematically determined points on Mount Ahir. Soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (N) and bulk weight (BD) analyzes were made in soil samples. The amount of carbon and nitrogen stored in the area was estimated by using the data obtained as a result of the analyzes and the inequalities. According to the data, the amount of carbon stored in forest, agriculture and clearing areas is 75.49 t C Ha-1, 73.56 t C Ha-1 and 47.31 t C Ha-1; the amount of stored nitrogen was found to be 6.05 t N Ha-1, 7.67 t N Ha-1 and 4.40 t N Ha-1. Forest soils have approximately 46% more carbon than bare areas soils and 5% more than agricultural soils. In terms of total nitrogen amount, it was found 20% higher in the soils of agricultural areas compared to forest and 50% more than in bare space soils. It has been determined that there are significant differences in the chemical parameters of the soils belonging to the lands with different land use capabilities, especially in the C and N concentrations. Examining this change reveals the effect of land use on carbon and nitrogen stocks of soils. Changes in the organic C and N status of our soils, which are of great importance for a sustainable agriculture, should be well observed.
2
Giannelli, B. F. „MOLECULAR GENETICS OF HAEMOPHILIA“. In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643981.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Haemophilia B, an X-linked recessive disease with an incidence of 1/30,000 newborn males, is due to defects in the gene for coagulation factor IX, which is on the long am of the X chromosome at band Xq27.1. This gene consists of approximately 34 Kb and contains 8 exons which specify a mRtfc of 2803 residues coding for a protein of 415 aa preceded by a prepro signal peptide of 46 aa. Coripanson of the functional domains of the factor IX protein with the exon structure of the gene supports the exon/protein domain hypothesis of gene evolution. The factor IX gene seems to be formed by a number of functionally and evolutionally independent modules. The signal peptide and the gla (γcarboxy-glutamic) region encoded in the first three exons are homologous to those of factor X, protein C and prothrombin. Thevfourth and fifth exons which code for the connecting peptide are homologous to one another and to the epidermal growth factor, a module that has been used in the construction of a great variety of proteins including different members of the coagulation and fibrinolytic pathways. The sixth exon encodes the activation peptide region, while the catalytic region of factor IX is coded by the seventh and eighth exon. This is at variance with other serine protease genes that have different exons for the segments containing the cardinal ami no-acids of the active centre (histidine, aspartic acid and serine).Natural selection acts against detrimental mutations of the factor IX gene and at each generation a proportion of haemophilia B genes is eliminated, as a significant number of patients does not reproduce. There appears to be no selective advantage to the heterozygote and therefore haemophilia B is maintained in the population by new mutations. Consequently, a significant proportion of patients should be born to non-carrier mothers, and unrelated patients should carry different gene defects, as recently verified by detailed analysis of individual haemophilia B genes.The defects of factor IX described so far comprise both point mutations and gene deletions. The latter affect either part or the whole of the gene and are often associated with the development of antibodies against therapeutically adninistered factor IX (the inhibitor complication). Since gene deletions may result in the complete absenceof factor IX synthesis or in the production of an extremely abnormal product, it has been suggested that mutationspreventing the synthesis of a factor IX gene product capable of inducing immune tolerance to normal factor IX is important in predisposing to the inhibitor complication.Among the point mutations described so far, those affecting the signal peptide are of particular interest. Substitutions of the arginine at positions -4 and -1 cause failure of propeptide cleavage. Thus they indicate that the propeptide consists of 18 aa an(lthat lts excision is necessary for factor IX function. It appears also that the propeptide contains a signal for γcarboxylation which has been conserved during the evolution of different γcarboxylated proteins.In spite of coagulant treatment, haemophilia B is a serious disease and one for which genetic counselling is required. Paramount for this is the detection of carriers and the diagnosis ofaffected male fetuses. DNA probes derived from the cloned factor IX gene have been used for this purpose. Carrier and first or second trimester prenatal diagnoses have been done using factors IX gene markers to follow the transmission of haemophilia B genes. Six sequence variations causing restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) in the factor IX gene have been detected and used as markers for such indirect diagnoses The efficiency of the above markers is reduced by linkage disequilibrium but, nevertheless, they offer definite carrier and nremtal diagnoses in 75-80% of the relatives of familial cases of haemophilia B.The indirect detection of gene defects is of modest help in the counselling of individuals from the families of isolated patients, but new methods for the direct detection of gene mutations promise better results in such families and also the attainment of % diagnostic success in relatives of familial cases.Finally the successful expression of recombinant factor IX genes in tissue culture and transgenic mammals raises hopes of therapeutic advances.
3
Otaki, Nao, Tomoaki Hamaguchi, Takahiro Osuki, Yuhei Suzuki, Masaki Ueyama und Hirokazu Okada. „Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of the Newly Developed Steel (Low C 18Cr-11Ni-3Cu-Mo-Nb-B-N) After Aging Treatment“. In ASME 2020 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2020-21133.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Abstract In petroleum refinery plants, materials with high sensitization resistance are required. 347AP has particularly been developed for such applications and shows good sensitization resistance owing to its low C content. However, further improvement in high temperature strength is required for high temperature operations in complex refineries, such as delayed cokers. Recently, a new austenitic stainless steel (low C 18Cr-11Ni-3Cu-Mo-Nb-B-N, UNS No. S34752) with high sensitization resistance and high strength at elevated temperatures has been developed. In this study, the mechanical properties and microstructures of several aged specimens will be reported. By conducting several aging heat treatments in the range of 550–750 °C for 300–10,000 h on the developed steel, it was revealed that there were only few coarse precipitates that assumed sigma phase even after aging at 750 °C for 10,000 h. This indicates that the newly developed steel has superior phase stability. The developed steel drastically increased its Vickers hardness by short-term aging treatments. Through transmission electron microscopy observations, the fine precipitates of Cu-rich phase were observed dispersedly in the ruptured specimen. Therefore, the increase in Vickers hardness in short-term aging is possibly owing to the dispersed precipitation of Cu-rich phase. There was further increase in Vickers hardness owing to Z phase precipitation; however, the increment was smaller than that caused by Cu-rich phase. The newly developed alloy demonstrated excellent creep rupture strength even in the long-term tests of approximately 30,000 h, which is attributed to these precipitates.
4
Mishnev, Roman, Nadezhda Dudova und Rustam Kaibyshev. „Long-Term Microstructural Evolution in a 10%Cr High Creep Resistant Martensitic Steel at 650°C“. In AM-EPRI 2016, herausgegeben von J. Parker, J. Shingledecker und J. Siefert. ASM International, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.am-epri-2016p1067.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Abstract A 10%Cr martensitic steel with 3%Co and 0.008%B exhibits extremely long creep rupture time of approximately 40000 h under an applied stress of 120 MPa at a temperature of 650°C. The steel’s microstructure after creep tests interrupted at different creep stages was examined by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. It was shown that superior creep resistance of this steel was attributed to slow increase in creep rate at the first stage of tertiary creep whereas the rapid acceleration of creep rate took place only at the short second stage of tertiary creep. Transition from minimum creep rate stage to tertiary creep was found to be accompanied by coarsening of Laves phase particles, whereas M23C6 – type carbides demonstrated high coarsening resistance under creep condition. Strain-induced formation of Z-phase does not affect the creep strength under applied stress of 120 MPa due to nanoscale size of Z-phase particles.
5
Niemann, Michael U., Sesha S. Srinivasan, Ashok Kumar, Elias K. Stefanakos, D. Yogi Goswami und Kimberly McGrath. „Processing Analysis of the Ternary LiNH2-MgH2-LiBH4 System for Hydrogen Storage“. In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-11520.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The ternary LiNH2-MgH2-LiBH4 hydrogen storage system has been extensively studied by adopting various processing reaction pathways. The stoichiometric ratio of LiNH2:MgH2:LiBH4 is kept constant with a 2:1:1 molar ratio. All samples are prepared using solid-state mechano-chemical synthesis with a constant rotational speed, but with varying milling duration. All samples are intimate mixtures of Li-B-N-H and MgH2, with varying particle sizes. It is found that the samples with MgH2 particle sizes of approximately 10nm exhibit lower initial hydrogen release at a temperature of 150°C. The as-synthesized hydrides exhibit two main hydrogen release temperatures, one around 160°C and the other around 300°C. The main hydrogen release temperature is reduced from 310°C to 270°C, while hydrogen is first reversibly released at temperatures as low as 150°C with a total hydrogen capacity of 6 wt.%.
6
Sathyamurthi, Vijaykumar, und Debjyoti Banerjee. „Subcooled Pool Boiling Studies on Nano-Textured Surfaces“. In ASME 2007 InterPACK Conference collocated with the ASME/JSME 2007 Thermal Engineering Heat Transfer Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2007-33069.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Heat transfer in subcooled pool boiling on nano-textured surfaces is reported in this study. Silicon wafers coated with Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNT) forests 9 microns (Type-A), and 25 microns (Type-B) in height and 8–15 nm in diameter with a randomized pitch of 16–30 nm, form the test surfaces. The test fluid is a fluoroinert (PF-5060, Manufacturer: 3M Co.) with a boiling point of 56°C. The test rig is of the constant heat flux type. Heat transfer enhancement of approximately 1.3 to 32% is observed in the nucleate boiling regime for Type-A at subcooling levels of 20°C. Type-B CNT shows an enhancement of about 13–30% in the nucleate boiling regime for 20°C subcooling. Digital images acquired during the tests show increased nucleation occurring on surfaces coated with MWCNT. Potential factors that could explain the observed heat transfer enhancement are: the enhanced surface area (nano-fin effect), disruption of the “microlayer” region in nucleate boiling, an increase in the size of cold-spots and the high thermal conductivity of MWCNT.
7
Boynton, Robert M., und Harvey S. Smallman. „Segregation of Basic Colors in an Information Display“. In Applied Vision. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/av.1989.fb1.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Consider a display containing many elements, among which there is a single critical target, differing slightly from the others, for which a subject is instructed to search. If a very small spatial detail defines this difference, (a) fixation near the critical target will be required for its identification, (b) a serial search will be needed to find it, and (c) the larger the number of targets, the longer will be the average search time needed to discover the critical target. The search time can be reduced if: (a) targets are color coded, (b) some of the targets are of an irrelevant color, and (c) the subject knows the color of the critical target. As Green and Anderson (1956) first put it, "When Os know the color of the target, search time is approximately proportional to the number of symbols of the target's color." Their seminal research, involving only two colors, has subsequently been extended to five by the work of Smith (1962).
8
Park, Dong-Yeob, und Jean-Philippe Gravel. „Effects of Loading Mode on Brittle Fracture of X70 Pipe Girth Welds“. In ASME 2016 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2016-63079.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
A series of single-edge notched tension (SENT or SE(T)) and single-edge notched bend (SENB or SE(B)) testing was carried out at −15°C using BxB specimens machined from two API X70 large diameter pipeline girth welds. An initial notch was placed either on the heat-affected zone (HAZ) or the weld metal center from the outer diameter side of pipe to simulate a circumferential surface flaw. SE(T) and SE(B) tests were performed according to the CANMET procedure and ASTM E1820, respectively. For all HAZ SE(B) specimens machined from one pipe, ductile cracks initially propagated away from the fusion line and toward the base metal side due to asymmetric deformation, and then pop-in (i.e., the initiation and arrest of a brittle crack) occurred after ductile crack growth of approximately 1 mm where the crack reached around the inter-critical heat-affected zone. HAZ SE(T) specimens also showed that the ductile crack propagation deviated toward the base metal side, but an unstable brittle crack extension was not observed from any SE(T) specimens as opposed to SE(B) specimens. None of the weld metal SE(T) and SE(B) specimens showed pop-in or brittle fracture at −15°C or room temperature. The difference in test results, for the same material, is likely due to the different constraint levels in the two loading modes. While pop-ins were triggered in high-constraint SE(B) tests, it was not the case for the low-constraint SE(T) tests. This paper presents these observations and discussion.
9
Rae, S. C., und K. Burnett. „Multiphoton Excitation of Plasma Waves“. In High-Energy Density Physics with Subpicosecond Laser Pulses. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/hpslp.1989.w4.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Recently developed table-top laser sources are capable of producing intensities on target of 1017Wcm −2 in femtosecond pulses. This has stimulated interest in the possible mechanisms for laser light absorption in a plasma produced by such a source. The plasma, expanding at approximately the ion sound speed ( υ s = Z k B T e / m i ) , remains at virtually solid density during the pulse. Light incident on such an overdense plasma boundary will be largely reflected, unless there is strong absorption within the skin depth of the target (~ c/w p ), where the evanescent wave does penetrate.
10
Meade, J. B., C. M. Noyes und F. C. Church. „IDENTIFICATION OF LYSINES IN HUMAN THROMBIN ESSENTIAL FOR HEPARIN BINDING AND CLOTTING ACTIVITY“. In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644662.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
We are studying human thrombin (IIa) in order to determine the significance of particular amino acid residues critical for interaction with various substrates and cofactors.Previously, we demonstrated the importance of lysyl residues of Ila during interaction with heparin as well as fibrinogen (Griffith, M.J., (1979) J. Biol. Chem. 254:3401; Church, F.C., et al., (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260:4936). Identification of these essential lysyl residues in Ila has been approached by chemical modification using the amino group-specific reagent pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PLP) in the presence and absence of heparin. Ila phosphopyri-doxylated in the absence of heparin (unprotected) showed approximately 2 mols of PLP incorporated per mol of Ila and had greatly reduced inhibition by antithrombin III (ATIII)-heparin as well as reduced clotting activity. Ila phosphopyridoxylated in the presence of heparin (protected) showed approximately 1 mol of PLP incorporated per mol of Ila and had reduced clotting activity but essentially normal inhibition by ATIII-heparin. Both modified thrombins showed normal inhibition by ATIII and heparin cofactor II in the absence of heparin at 25×C and pH 8.0 with apparent second-order rate constant values ranging from 3-5 × 10-5 and 4-6 × 10-4 M-1 min-1, respectively. In contrast to native Ila, neither protected nor unprotected PLP-Ila derivatives bound to a fibrin monomer-agarose column equilibrated at 25×C with 50 mM Tris-HCl, 50 mM NaCl, pH 7.4. Samples of both modified thrombins were reductively denatured, S-carboxymethylated, and hydrolyzed with trypsin at 37×C. The resultant peptide mixtures were separated using reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography. Peptides showing a high degree of PLP incorporation were sequenced by automated Edman degradation and the modified lysyl residues were identified in the primary sequence of Ila. In unprotected-IIa, lysyl residues 21, 65, 174 and 252 of the B-chain were modified. In heparin-protected-IIa, only Lys 21 and 65 of the B-chain were modified. These results suggest that Lys 174 and 252 of the B-chain of thrombin are essential for binding to heparin and that Lys 21 and/or 65 are essential for clotting activity.
Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Approximately 469 B.C"
1
Katzir, Nurit, Rafael Perl-Treves und Jack E. Staub. Map Merging and Homology Studies in Cucumis Species. United States Department of Agriculture, September 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7575276.bard.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
List of original objectives (1) Construct a saturated map of melon, using RFLP, SSR, RAPD and Inter-SSR genetic markers. (2) Study the homology between the genomes of cucumber and melon. (3) Add to the Cucumis map, biologically important genes that had been cloned in other plant systems. Background Cucumber and melon are important vegetable crops in Israel and the US. Genome analysis of these crops has lagged behind the major plant crops, but in the last few years genetic maps with molecular markers have been developed. The groups that participated in this program were all involved in initial mapping of cucurbit crops. This grant was meant to contribute to this trend and promote some of the more advanced applications of genome analysis, i.e., map saturation and comparative mapping between cucurbit species. Major achievements The main achievements of the research were (a) the construction of melon maps that include important horticultural traits and Resistance Gene Homologues, (b) the development of approximately 200 SSR markers of melon and cucumber, (c) the preliminary map merging of melon maps and of comparative mapping between melon and cucumber. Implications As a result of this program, we have a good estimate of the applicability of different types or markers developed in one cucurbit species to genetic mapping in other species. Since the linkage groups of melon and cucumber can now be related to each other, future identification of important genes in the two crops will be facilitated. Moreover, the further saturation of the maps with additional markers will now allow us to target several disease resistance loci, horticultural traits for marker-assisted selection, fine mapping and positional cloning.
2
Choudhary, Ruplal, Victor Rodov, Punit Kohli, Elena Poverenov, John Haddock und Moshe Shemesh. Antimicrobial functionalized nanoparticles for enhancing food safety and quality. United States Department of Agriculture, Januar 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7598156.bard.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Original objectives The general goal of the project was to utilize the bactericidal potential of curcumin- functionalizednanostructures (CFN) for reinforcement of food safety by developing active antimicrobial food-contact surfaces. In order to reach the goal, the following secondary tasks were pursued: (a) further enhancement of the CFN activity based on understanding their mode of action; (b) preparing efficient antimicrobial surfaces, investigating and optimizing their performance; (c) testing the efficacy of the antimicrobial surfaces in real food trials. Background to the topic The project dealt with reducing microbial food spoilage and safety hazards. Cross-contamination through food-contact surfaces is one of the major safety concerns, aggravated by bacterial biofilm formation. The project implemented nanotech methods to develop novel antimicrobial food-contact materials based on natural compounds. Food-grade phenylpropanoidcurcumin was chosen as the most promising active principle for this research. Major conclusions, solutions, achievements In agreement with the original plan, the following research tasks were performed. Optimization of particles structure and composition. Three types of curcumin-functionalizednanostructures were developed and tested: liposome-type polydiacetylenenanovesicles, surface- stabilized nanoparticles and methyl-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes (MBCD). The three types had similar minimal inhibitory concentration but different mode of action. Nanovesicles and inclusion complexes were bactericidal while the nanoparticlesbacteriostatic. The difference might be due to different paths of curcumin penetration into bacterial cell. Enhancing the antimicrobial efficacy of CFN by photosensitization. Light exposure strengthened the bactericidal efficacy of curcumin-MBCD inclusion complexes approximately three-fold and enhanced the bacterial death on curcumin-coated plastic surfaces. Investigating the mode of action of CFN. Toxicoproteomic study revealed oxidative stress in curcumin-treated cells of E. coli. In the dark, this effect was alleviated by cellular adaptive responses. Under light, the enhanced ROS burst overrode the cellular adaptive mechanisms, disrupted the iron metabolism and synthesis of Fe-S clusters, eventually leading to cell death. Developing industrially-feasible methods of binding CFN to food-contact surfaces. CFN binding methods were developed for various substrates: covalent binding (binding nanovesicles to glass, plastic and metal), sonochemical impregnation (binding nanoparticles to plastics) and electrostatic layer-by-layer coating (binding inclusion complexes to glass and plastics). Investigating the performance of CFN-coated surfaces. Flexible and rigid plastic materials and glass coated with CFN demonstrated bactericidal activity towards Gram-negative (E. coli) and Gram-positive (Bac. cereus) bacteria. In addition, CFN-impregnated plastic material inhibited bacterial attachment and biofilm development. Testing the efficacy of CFN in food preservation trials. Efficient cold pasteurization of tender coconut water inoculated with E. coli and Listeriamonocytogeneswas performed by circulation through a column filled with CFN-coated glass beads. Combination of curcumin coating with blue light prevented bacterial cross contamination of fresh-cut melons through plastic surfaces contaminated with E. coli or Bac. licheniformis. Furthermore, coating of strawberries with CFN reduced fruit spoilage during simulated transportation extending the shelf life by 2-3 days. Implications, both scientific and agricultural BARD Report - Project4680 Page 2 of 17 Antimicrobial food-contact nanomaterials based on natural active principles will preserve food quality and ensure safety. Understanding mode of antimicrobial action of curcumin will allow enhancing its dark efficacy, e.g. by targeting the microbial cellular adaptation mechanisms.
3
Dubcovsky, Jorge, Tzion Fahima und Ann Blechl. Positional cloning of a gene responsible for high grain protein content in tetraploid wheat. United States Department of Agriculture, September 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7695875.bard.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
High Grain Protein Content (GPC) is a desirable trait in breadmaking and pasta wheat varieties because of its positive effects on quality and nutritional value. However, selection for GPC is limited by our poor understanding of the genes involved in the accumulation of protein in the grain. The long-term goal of this project is to provide a better understanding of the genes controlling GPC in wheat. The specific objectives of this project were: a) to develop a high-density genetic map of the GPC gene in tetraploid wheat, b) to construct a T. turgidum Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC) library, c) to construct a physical map of the GPC gene and identify a candidate for the GPC gene. A gene with a large effect on GPC was detected in Triticum turgidum var. dicoccoides and was previously mapped in the short arm of chromosome 6B. To define better the position of the Gpc-B1 locus we developed homozygous recombinant lines with recombination events within the QTL region. Except for the 30-cM region of the QTL these RSLs were isogenic for the rest of the genome minimizing the genetic variability. To minimize the environmental variability the RSLs were characterized using 10 replications in field experiments organized in a Randomized Complete Block Design, which were repeated three times. Using this strategy, we were able to map this QTL as a single Mendelian locus (Gpc-B1) on a 2.6-cM region flanked by RFLP markers Xcdo365 and Xucw67. All three experiments showed that the lines carrying the DIC allele had an average absolute increase in GPC of 14 g/kg. Using the RFLP flanking markers, we established the microcolinearity between a 2.l-cM region including the Gpc-B1 gene in wheat chromosome 6BS and a 350-kb region on rice chromosome 2. Rice genes from this region were used to screen the Triticeae EST collection, and these ESTs were used to saturate the Gpc-B1 region with molecular markers. With these new markers we were able to map the Gpc-B1 locus within a 0.3-cM region flanked by PCR markers Xucw83 and Xucw71. These flanking markers defined a 36-kb colinear region with rice, including one gene that is a potential candidate for the Gpc-B1 gene. To develop a physical map of the Gpc-B1 region in wheat we first constructed a BAC library of tetraploid wheat, from RSL#65 including the high Gpc-B1 allele. We generated half- million clones with an average size of l3l-kb (5.1 X genome equivalents for each of the two genomes). This coverage provides a 99.4% probability of recovering any gene from durum wheat. We used the Gpc-BI flanking markers to screen this BAC library and then completed the physical map by chromosome walking. The physical map included two overlapping BACs covering a region of approximately 250-kb, including two flanking markers and the Gpc-B1 gene. Efforts are underway to sequence these two BACs to determine if additional wheat genes are present in this region. Weare also developing new RSLs to further dissect this region. We developed PCR markers for flanking loci Xucw79andXucw71 to facilitate the introgression of this gene in commercial varieties by marker assisted selection (httQ://maswheat.ucdavis.edu/ orotocols/HGPC/index.hlm). Using these markers we introgressed the Gpc-B1 gene in numerous pasta and common wheat breeding lines.