Dissertationen zum Thema „Application régulière de la loi“
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Liu, Shuyan. „Lois stables et processus ponctuels : liens et estimation des paramètres“. Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00463817.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAlbert, Clément. „Estimation des limites d'extrapolation par les lois de valeurs extrêmes. Application à des données environnementales“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAM079/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis takes place in the extreme value statistics framework. It provides three main contributions to this area. The extreme quantile estimation is a two step approach. First, it consists in proposing an extreme value based quantile approximation. Then, estimators of the unknown quantities are plugged in the previous approximation leading to an extreme quantile estimator.The first contribution of this thesis is the study of this previous approximation error. These investigations are carried out using two different kind of estimators, both based on the well-known Generalized Pareto approximation: the Exponential Tail estimator dedicated to the Gumbel maximum domain of attraction and the Weissman estimator dedicated to the Fréchet one.It is shown that the extrapolation error can be interpreted as the remainder of a first order Taylor expansion. Necessary and sufficient conditions are then provided such that this error tends to zero as the sample size increases. Interestingly, in case of the so-called Exponential Tail estimator, these conditions lead to a subdivision of Gumbel maximum domain of attraction into three subsets. In constrast, the extrapolation error associated with Weissmanestimator has a common behavior over the whole Fréchet maximum domain of attraction. First order equivalents of the extrapolation error are thenderived and their accuracy is illustrated numerically.The second contribution is the proposition of a new extreme quantile estimator.The problem is addressed in the framework of the so-called ``log-Generalized Weibull tail limit'', where the logarithm of the inverse cumulative hazard rate function is supposed to be of extended regular variation. Based on this model, a new estimator of extreme quantiles is proposed. Its asymptotic normality is established and its behavior in practice is illustrated on both real and simulated data.The third contribution of this thesis is the proposition of new mathematical tools allowing the quantification of extrapolation limits associated with a real dataset. To this end, we propose estimators of extrapolation errors associated with the Exponentail Tail and the Weissman approximations. We then study on simulated data how these two estimators perform. We finally use these estimators on real datasets to show that, depending on the climatic phenomena,the extrapolation limits can be more or less stringent
Noël, Pierre. „Le statut des procédures dans l'Église“. Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0007/NQ43099.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleJebrane, Aissam. „Modélisation du mouvement d'une foule via la théorie de la dynamique non régulière des solides“. Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC1062.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work concerns the modeling of pedestrian movement inspired by the non-smooth dynamics approach for the rigid and deformable solids. Firstly, a reformulation of the non-smooth approaches of M.Frémond and J.J.Moreau for rigid body dynamics is developed. The proposed theory relies on the notion of percussion which is the integral of the contact force during the duration of the collision. Contrary to classical discrete element models, it is here assumed that percussions can be only expressed as a function of the velocity before the impact. This assumption is checked for the usual mechanical constitutive laws for collisions. Motion equations are then reformulated taking into account simultaneous collisions of solids. The existence and uniqueness of the solution of the proposed model are discussed according to the regularity of both the forces (Lebesgue-density occurring during the regular evolution of the system) and the percussions (Dirac-density describing the collision). A condition on the internal percussion assuring that the collision is thermodynamically admissible is established. An application to the collision of rigid disks and the flow in a funnel-shaped hourglass is presented. The approach is extended to crowd motion, indeed; the circulation of pedestrians through the bottlenecks is studied and deals with to optimize evacuation and improve the design of pedestrian facilities. A sensitivity analysis is performed to study the effect of the parameters of a 2D discrete crowd movement model on the nature of pedestrian’s collision and on evacuation times. The question of estimation of contact forces and the pressure generated in a moving crowd is approached both from a discrete and continues point of view. A comparison between the second-order microscopic model (2D discrete model) and the continues approaches is presented. Contact forces are rigorously defined taking into account multiple, simultaneous contact and the non-overlapping condition between pedestrians. We show that for a dense crowd the percussions (moment umjump corresponding to instantaneous contact) become contact forces. For continuous approach, the pressure is calculated according to volume and surface constraints. This approach makes it possible to retain an admissible right-velocity (after impact), including both the non local interactions (at a distance interactions) between non neighbor pedestrians and the choice of displacement strategy of each pedestrian. Finally, two applications are presented : a one-dimensional simulation of an aligned pedestrian chain crashing into an obstacle, and a two-dimensional simulation corresponding to the evacuation of a room. In order to make the approach more efficient, we modeled each pedestrian with a deformable solid, the unidimensional case is studied a comparison with the discreet case is presented that corresponding to a crash of a pedestrian chain in a fixed obstacle is treated. The analytical solution of contact equations is developed for both approaches. This allows to calibrate the model parameters and offers an asymptotic study of the solutions. The non-smooth theory of deformable solids makes it possible to calculate the current velocity of the crowd as a continuous medium taking into account the interactions with the environment and their desired velocity. a macroscopic representation is developed through Hyperbolic – Elliptic Equations. indded;the crowd is described by its density whose evolution is given by a non local balance law. the current velocity involved in the equation is given by the collision equation of a deformable solid with a rigid plane. Firstly, we prove the well posedness of balance laws with a non smooth ux and function source in bounded domains, the existence of a weak entropic solution, it’s uniqueness and stability with respect to the initial datum and of the boundary datum. an application to crowdmodeling is presented
Seguin, Pascal. „Développement d'une technique d'optimisation paramétrique pour la synthèse de mouvements à dynamique régulière : application à la marche“. Poitiers, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003POIT2326.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work is aimed at optimizing motions of constrained dynamics systems. A parametric optimisation method is developed. It consists in approximating joint motion coordinates using spline functions of class C3, made up of 4-order polynomials linked at uniformly distributed knots, in order to avoid jerks at connecting points. Joint actuating torques as well as interaction forces associated with closure constraints of closed kinematic chains, are expressed, through dynamics equations, as functions depending on both the time and the optimisation parameters. The objective function to be minimized is obtained by integrating quadratic torques and interaction forces along the motion time. The initial dynamic optimisation problem is then recast as a parametric optimisation problem, which is solved using existing computing codes. This technique is used to carry out optimal synthesis of sagittal gait. The walking velocity is the only data required for generating an optimal step
Chrétien-Vincent, Myriam. „Application d'un programme d'activités vestibulo-proprioceptives avec des élèves présentant un trouble du spectre autistique intégrés en classe régulière“. Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25954.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChildren with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) face many obstacles in their daily lives, including processing sensory stimulations in their environment. As children are more frequently included in typical school setting, interventions to increase their social participation must be found. A lot of sensory interventions are known by occupational therapists. A systematic review of original researches concerning the use of sensory modalities for children with ASD was conducted to evaluate their effectiveness and to define the different approaches. Only studies from the year 2000 were considered. Following this, efficacy of a sensorimotor program named SPIFE (Stimulations Proprioceptives pour l’Intégration et le Fonctionnement de l’Élève) was measured with seven children with ASD at the beginning of their elementary scholarship in regular groups. Results show some positive effects of the SPIFE, mostly to increase arousal of students in the classroom.
Wendling-Mansuy, Sylvie. „Loi de comportement d'une structure de tenségrité élémentaire : application à la mécanique cellulaire“. Paris 12, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA120111.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThomas, Carole. „Le bruit de la loi : comment les lois deviennent médiatiques“. Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008DENS0049.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis focuses on how the government uses the laws as tools of communication. The demonstration is based on the analysis of the agenda building and the media coverage of two highly mediatized laws. The purpose is to study the law as a government means for solving public problems and at the same time as a political communication tool. It's a way of articulating political sociology of the public action, sociology of professions and media studies. The double sided face of law, government and advertising tools, is thus shown with the tensions inherent to the functioning of the pluralistic constitutional democracies. If political actors choose the law as tool of government, it is first because this is the evidence they address an ill structured problem. Moreover it is especially because the law can represent government action in the media. However the media being not only channels of transmission but very independent actors in the process of communication of the law, can influence the wording of the law, even thwart the processes of communication thought as strategic by the government, by opposing the law. Thus the profesionnalization of communication does not empower politicians with the "control" communication. They are even less empowered as journalists deal with their own professional practises and constraints. This research is based on a media corpus analysis and interviews with journalists, communication professionals, politicians, legal professionals and trade union leaders involved in the communication process of the French law in 2004 on secularity and conspicuous religious symbols in school, as well as the law of orientation and programming for the Justice reforming the juvenile justice and establishing new proximity judges in 2002
Ziat, Hassane. „Convergence des suites adaptées multivoques : Application à la loi forte des grands nombres multivoque“. Montpellier 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON20162.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGaudron, Guillaume. „Convergence en loi d'EDS et d'EDS Rétrogrades : application à l'homogénéisation d'EDP linéaires ou semilinéaires“. Aix-Marseille 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX11010.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHusson, Jean-Marie. „Loi de comportement viscoélastique avec effet mémoire : application à la mécanosorption dans le bois“. Limoges, 2009. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/eecfb8d7-fe33-4a3a-a441-a20e70f3f96a/blobholder:0/2009LIMO4043.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work deals with a thermodynamic approach in order to take into account realistic elastic behavior under moisture content variations. A decoupling of stress into a mechanical stress and a mechanosorptive stress induced by rigidity variations is proposed. In this context, a memory effect is then characterized by the introduction of the minimum of rigidity known between actual time and origin of mechanical stress. A new rheological model is developed and introduced in a Kelvin Voigt model. It allows us to generalize this analytical approach for uniaxial loading in viscoelastic domain. An experimental validation of our model is presented by simulating different uniaxial creep recovery tests on thin specimens and a creep bending test under moisture content variations
Safiyeh, Ghiass. „Les modalités d'application de la loi étrangère en droit international privé français“. Nice, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NICE0009.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTay, Meng Keat. „Analyses des scènes dynamiques: Application à l´assistance à la conduite“. Grenoble INPG, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPG0168.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe development of autonomous vehicles garnered an increasing amount of attention in recent years. The interest for automotive industries is to produce safer and more user friendly cars. A common reason behind most traffic accidents is the failure on the part of the driver to adequately monitor the vehicle's surroundings. In this thesis we address the problem of estimating the collision risk for a vehicle for the next few seconds in urban traffic conditions. Current commercially available crash warning systems are usually equipped with radar based sensors on the front, rear or sides to measure the velocity and distance to obstacles. The algorithms for determining the risk of collision are based on variants of time-to-collision (TTC). However, it might be misleading in situations where the roads are curved and the assumption that motion is linear does not hold. In these situations, the risk tends to be underestimated. Furthermore, instances of roads which are not straight can be commonly found in urban environments, like the roundabout or cross junctions. An argument of this thesis is that simply knowing that there is an object at a certain location at a specific instance in time does not provide sufficient information to asses its safety. A framework for understanding behaviours of vehicle motion is indispensable. In addition, environmental constraints should be taken into account especially for urban traffic environments. A bottom up approach towards the final goal of constructing a model to estimate the risk of collision for a vehicle is presented. The simpler case of “free” motion is first presented. The thesis then proposes to take collision risk estimation further by being more “environmentally aware” where environmental structures and constraints are explicitly taken into account for urban traffic scenarios. This thesis proposes a complete probabilistic model motion at the trajectory level based the Gaussian Process (GP). Its advantage over current methods is that it is able to express future motion independently of state space discretization. Driving behaviours are modelled with a variant of the Hidden Markov Model. The combination of these two models provides a complete probabilistic model for vehicle evolution in time. Additionally a general method of probabilistically evaluating collision risk is presented, where different forms of risk values with different semantics can be obtained, depending on its applications
Paul, Nicolas. „Une nouvelle approche pour l'Estimation des Mélanges de Lois : application à la radio cognitive“. Paris, CNAM, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CNAM0592.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis deals with unsupervised mixture estimation. The number K of components is supposed to be known and the mixture components do not strongly overlap, so that the component modes remain modes of the mixture probability density function. Our approach is based on an original optimisation criterion, called “K-product”. The global optimisation of KP is easier than the global optimisation of the classical criteria, usually derived from the log-likelihood. In dimension 1 or 2, the global minimum of KP can be reached by first solving a system of K linear equations then finding the roots of some polynomial of order K. In higher dimension, a relaxation algorithm can be used, where each step simply consists of a weighted least square optimization. The global minimum of KP provides a biased but useful estimation of the component expectations: If the components do not strongly overlap, a simple nearest neighbour classification, based on the KP minimum, enable to separate the different components. An original application has been proposed in a cognitive radio context, where the KP criterion is used by a set of “secondary users” to estimate the different mode of activity of a set of “primary users” in a given radio spectrum band
BARRIAL, GATT CHRISTINE. „Mise en application de la loi huriet-serusclat dans le domaine de la recherche clinique a marseille“. Aix-Marseille 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993AIX20184.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLeguicheux, Manuela. „La loi négociée en droit du travail“. Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE2097.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe involvement of social actors in the legislative making of labour norms is not enshrined in the French Constitution. The State is nevertheless aware of the virtues of collective bargaining. Although it existed in practice before, the government has enhanced the development of prelegislative collective bargaining, mainly through the adoption of the law of January 31st 2007 that resulted in the introduction of articles L.1 to L.3 in the Labour Code, a process that was designed to mirror existing EU law procedures. As a consequence, the participation of social actors in the making of labour norms has been favoured. But this does not necessarily imply their full participation. The consolidation of their legitimacy is also the result of a redesign of the rules governing representativeness and the law making process in the labour field in general. However, a competition between the professional legitimacy of social actors and the institutional legitimacy of Parliament still exists. So, going beyond the simple acknowledgment of the involvement of social actors in the making of labour norms, we demonstrate that they have been instrumentalised. The role of social actors alongside the legislator in the implementation of such negotiated laws has been strengthened in many legislative instances. But Parliament is still in charge of dividing competences between social actors and the government when it comes to the attribution of regulatory powers, it can decide whether those powers should remain in the hands of the latter or should be entrusted to the former. It is clear that social actors are not entirely free when it comes to implementing social norms, although the use of suppletive rules is encouraged today. During control of the implementation of those negotiated laws, social actors play only a secondary role despite their expertise on the matter. In that respect, we conclude that their instrumentalisation is also established when it comes to the implementation of negotiated labour norms
Raptopoulos, Themistoklis. „L'entrée en vigueur de la loi“. Thesis, Paris 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA020071.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis study aims at identifying the distinctive features of what is commonly referred to as “entry into force of statutes”. This term refers to a nexus of rules and practices that enable the agents of a legal system to determine in a precise manner the moment every statute becomes legally binding. For that to be possible, there must be at least one general rule that applies to any statute lacking a commencement clause. The existence of such a rule depends on the presence of a criterion that allows establishing the precise moment every bill becomes an enacted statute. In France, the relevant criterion is the formal act, known as promulgation, by which the Head of State signs a bill into law. In order to fully grasp the function thus performed by the act of promulgation, a distinction must be made between two kinds of conditions that can be said to be necessary for a statute’s entry into force. On the one hand, there are the specific conditions set out by the relevant rules of a legal system. On the other hand, there are some more fundamental conditions that a legal system must necessarily meet in order to provide for a general rule governing the entry into force of its statutes. As regards the conditions set out by the relevant rules of the French legal system, it turns out that, contrary to a commonly held idea, the rules in question do not make prior publication a necessary condition for the entry into force of statutes. As regards the aforementioned necessary conditions, it appears that the relevant rules and practices presuppose a voluntarist conception of law and, subsequently, a high level of formalism in the procedure followed for the enactment of statutes
Perales, Frédéric. „Fissuration des matériaux à gradient de propriétés. Application au Zircaloy hydruré“. Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00079015.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBridenne, Isabelle. „La cohérence des politiques publiques : concept, mesure et application à la loi portant réforme des retraites“. Nancy 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NAN20003.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCaramelle, Laurent. „Implantation d'une loi de commande. Application à la plate-forme de satellite de télécommunication eurostar 2000+“. Nancy 1, 1995. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1995_0338_CARAMELLE.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLallich, Stéphane. „La méthode des plus proches voisins : de la dispersion spatiale à l'analyse multidimensionnelle“. Saint-Etienne, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989STET4006.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMorio, Vincent. „Contribution au développement d'une loi de guidage autonome par platitude. Application à une mission de rentrée atmosphérique“. Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00394728.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTouati, Karim. „Validation probabiliste d'un code de calcul numérique : application aux calculs des fondations superficielles avec une loi élastoplastique“. Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ECAP0344.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRevenu, Pascale. „Caractérisation rhéologique en cisaillement et en élongation de polyéthylènes : application d'une loi de comportement de type Wagner“. Saint-Etienne, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992STET4019.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFouquet, Marine. „La notion de choix de la loi entre droit et management : Application aux contrats et contentieux extractifs“. Thesis, Rennes 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020REN1G009.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleInternational contract law is a field of international law that embodies a particular relationship between States, actors of public international order, and investors, actors of private international order, whose contours and developments have been determined by changes in international economic order. Doctrines and practices of legal professionals and international trade theory have indeed largely contributed to the structuring of this field of law at the border between public international law and private international law. Private international law, through its conflict of law rules and the principle of autonomy, has long studied the question of choice of law. But today, within this normative space, crossed by diverse legal practices and uses, a paradigm reversal seems to emerge. Indeed, today international law is no longer only made up of the rules of law of States and international organizations, it is the law chosen by practitioners of international law that participates in the construction of this normative space. The object of this research project is thus to study the choices in international contracts, through the study of extractive contracts, contracts where par excellence this issue arises. This question of choice of law has long been studied in private international law, notably through the principle of autonomy. However, today other fields of law need to be analyzed. Business law, investment law, social law, for example, constitute this transnational law which seems today to be a more suitable framework for analysis. A practice-based approach, through the study of cases, was followed in order to better understand the articulation between the international strategy of firms and the legal strategies and practices followed. This original approach by legal and management sciences also allows a more global reading and adapted to current issues of international contract law which evolve in a complex and globalized environment. This angle of study of international contracts contributes to an analysis that takes into account all the parties involved in a contract, in the light of positive law
Morio, Vincent. „Contribution au développement d’une loi de guidage autonome par platitude : application à une mission de rentrée atmosphérique“. Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR13797/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis deals with the design of an autonomous guidance law based on flatness approach for atmospheric reentry vehicles. The problematic involved by the design of an autonomous guidance law relates to the global organization, the integration and the management of relevant data up to the mastering of the spacecraft during the re-entry mission. The autonomous guidance law proposed in this dissertation is based on flatness concept, in order to perform onboard processing so as to locally assign autonomy and responsibility to the vehicle, thus exempting the ground segment from "low level" operational tasks, so that it can ensure more efficiently its mission of global coordination. The first part of the manuscript deals with the formal characterization of flat outputs for nonlinear systems governed by ordinary differential equations, as well as for linear time-delay systems. Constructive algorithms are proposed in order to compute candidate flat outputs within a standard formal computing environment. In the second part of the manuscript, a global and generic reentry trajectory replanning methodology is proposed in order to provide a fault-tolerance capability to the guidance law, when facing single/multiple control surface failures that could occur during the critical phases of an atmospheric reentry mission. In addition, a superellipsoidal annexion method is proposed so as to convexify the optimal control problem described in the flat outputs space. The proposed guidance law is then applied step by step to an atmospheric reentry mission for the US Space Shuttle orbiter STS-1
Morio, Vincent Zolghadri Ali Cazaurang Franck. „Contribution au développement d'une loi de guidage autonome par platitude application à une mission de rentrée atmosphérique /“. S. l. : Bordeaux 1, 2009. http://ori-oai.u-bordeaux1.fr/pdf/2009/MORIO_VINCENT_2009.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBerrada, Gouzi Abderrahmane. „La loi de l'entropie en science régionale : une application à l'étude de la hiérarchie urbaine marocaine : 1900-1982“. Paris 10, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA100258.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDARME, XAVIER. „Mise en application de la loi huriet sur la pharmacie hospitaliere : implications pour l'hopital central et l'hopital saint-julien du chu nancy. analyse du role du pharmacien. documents et procedures“. Nancy 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NAN1A208.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDEBRUN, REMY. „La loi du 27 juin 1990 : mise en application au centre hospitalier specialise montperrin pendant les six premiers mois“. Aix-Marseille 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991AIX20952.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMuberanziza, Aloys. „L'égal accès du citoyen aux affaires publiques de son pays : essai de théorie générale et application au Rwanda /“. Namur : Presses universitaires de Namur, 2006. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb401895136.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHidd, Fonteles Leonardo. „Lattice vector indexing for generalized gaussian distribution : application to source coding“. Nice, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NICE4010.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this thesis we have being particularly interested in enumerating and indexing lattice vectors belonging to multidimensional surfaces of constant distance to the origin under the Lp metric. We developed two different approaches: vector enumeration using the generalized theta series and the Bohr-Fourier analysis for almost periodic functions; leader vector indexing based on the theory of partitions. The former one generalizes in an elegant way the different enumeration techniques we find in the literature, proposing an enumeration solution for arbitrary values of p and for different lattices such as Zn, Dn, En, Barnes-Wall, Leech. The latter approach results in an low computational complexity and memory requirement algorithm able to index Zn lattice vectors of high norms and dimensions for arbitrary values of p. The presented works have been motivated in part by the use of the lattice vector quantization (LVQ) in the source coding context. According to the Shannon's rate-distortion theory, vector quantization has the potential to achieve the optimal theoretical performance if the vector dimension is arbitrarily high. Therefore, we investigated the rate-distortion performance of the LVQ coupled to a product code encoder based on the proposed indexing technique. In order to do so we have encoded memoryless generalized Gaussian distribution (GGD) sources with different shape parameter p using the proposed scheme, the results obtained being very encouraging compared to state-of-the-art techniques. As a step forward we investigated the impact of the mutual information over the rate-distortion performance when applying the proposed encoding scheme to correlated GGD sources. As result, we developed an approach based on the independent component analysis (ICA) in order to improve the coding performances. Such compression scheme have also been applied in the context of 2D still images and 3D surface meshes yielding very competitive results. We have also elaborated an image database retrieval technique based on the proposed indexing method achieving very good speed-precision results thanks to the efficiency of the indexing algorithm
Caestecker, Pascal. „Contribution à l'analyse et au choix de l'identification d'une loi de comportement - Application à la simulation numérique de la coupe“. Rennes, INSA, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ISAR0022.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis study is a contribution to the choice of a metallic material behaviour's law in the framework of a FEM simulation of an orthogonal cutting in a mesoscopic scale; it compares the Johnson Cook law with a Arcsinhyperbolic type law. In a first case, for a 35NCD16 steel, parameters are identified by inverse analysis (observable data and simplified FEM model of SHPB device with a cylindrical sample) with respect to strain rate. In a second case, a direct identification is carried out for a stainless steel type 304 with respect to its two state shaped curve. The strong influence of the behaviour law in both cases is showed and the capacity of the proposed law to account strong gradients of strain rate in the simulation of cutting. It is showed also that it treats correctly the transition phase phenomenon between the austenitic component and the martensitic one induced by the plastic deformation
Rouainia, Mohamed. „Modélisation de l'interaction sol-structure par éléments finis de haute précision et loi d'interface incrémentale non linéaire : application aux pieux“. Grenoble 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992GRE10128.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEymery, Céline. „Du texte à la carte : contribution de la géographie à la traduction spatiale de la loi Littoral : application en Bretagne“. Thesis, Brest, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BRES0104/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis proposes a contribution of geography to the spatial translation of the Coastal Law (Loi Littoral). For many years, the coast has become a space under pressure. Law No 86-2 of 3 January 1986 relating to coastal development, protection and enhancement was developed to regulate land uses on the seaside, thus allowing the development of a rational urbanisation while protecting natural areas. In order to regulate the usage of coastal areas, diverse in nature, this "framework law" was deliberately designed and written with imprecise notions (urban clusters, near-shore areas, gaps in urbanisation, etc.). This imprecision was and still is leading to problems of interpretation by different players (politicians, State services, private landowners, etc.). The spirit of the Coastal Law is to encourage the consideration of local specificities when interpreting the notions of this law and translating it into spatial planning documents. In this context, the question of the relevance of geography in the interpretation of the Coastal Law, including the spatial distribution of these notions, is therefore of interest.The assumption that the interpretation of the Coastal Law can be deepened by "legal geography" is thus formulated. The thesis seeks to demonstrate by theoretical and methodological approaches that geography, by means of spatial analysis and mapping, allows us to appreciate these notions on the basis of local conditions as well as the choices made to develop and preserve every land. Thus, the use of geographical criteria can guide stakeholders towards an interpretation in line with the reality of the territories. In this context, tools and methods for spatial information are used with the help of a geographic information system (GIS) to map the different criteria and test different thresholds. The demonstration, implemented on Breton coastal communities, highlights that the choice of criteria and thresholds is undeniably dependent of the territory's project
Leiris-Laurent, Corinne de. „Application de la loi de Dalton à la détermination instantanée de la composition gazeuse d'un système clos par spectrométrie de masse“. Le Havre, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LEHA0003.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLosser, Yannick. „Ajustement de lois de commande et application en aéronautique“. Toulouse, ENSAE, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ESAE0004.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSzmytka, Fabien. „Nouveaux modèles de comportement élasto-viscoplastique pour des matériaux métalliques. Application au dimensionnement de structures automobiles“. Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004111.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleQin, Xiaowen. „Modeling Study of Pyrolysis of Composite Materials : Application to Wood and Carbon/Epoxy Composite“. Thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021ESMA0006.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleComposite materials occupy a critical position in industrial applications or more broadly in our daily life. Synthetic composites substitute metallic materials due to their lightweight properties to achieve identical mechanical performance. They are widely used in the fields of energy transportation and storage. Natural composites (wood) are also widely used, especially in construction industry. The disadvantage of these materials involves the disability in maintaining their mechanical characteristics in a fire scenario, and the study of their fire resistance is therefore a major issue. This thesis aims to develop a mathematical model of thermal decomposition of composite materials subjected to different heating conditions. The simulations of different cases of thermal decomposition make it possible to study the interactions among the processes of heat and mass transfer as well as chemical reactions within the solid. The developed 3D model describes the gas transport within the pores of materials at the Darcy scale. Thermal conductivity is formulated in a tensor form allowing the definition of heat transfer in three directions of the domain. For the two types of materials, a multi-step reaction scheme is defined to describe the pyrolysis process. The cone calorimeter tests used to validate the model were carried out under an inert atmosphere (Nitrogen) which makes it possible to eliminate the presence of flame on the material surface as well as the heterogeneous reactions which can occur in the presence of oxygen. Therefore, the defined boundary conditions are quite simple and well-controlled to characterize without considering the unsteady flame. Pyrolysis gasses are assembled into inert gas, therefore, the gas reactions in the pore are neglected and the local thermal equilibrium between the solid and gas phase is assumed. The implementation of this pyrolysis model follows a scale separation process with two types of materials. The different heat and mass transfer processes, as well as chemical reactions, are studied separately to avoid the interactions, then the model is reconstructed to take these interactions into account. The pyrolysis behavior is firstly studied at a "0D" scale to develop the part of chemical reactions. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) is used at this scale and related experiments are conducted at different heating rates under an inert atmosphere. At this scale, only the chemical reactions are involved with known kinetics, and the heat and mass transport within the solid can be neglected with homogeneous temperature distribution. The different chemical reactions are described with the Arrhenius-type equation. The kinetic parameters are calculated by the inverse modeling method. The influence of the heating rate on the pyrolysis process is analyzed and 2D simulations are conducted at two heating rates to analyze the evolution of thermal and pressure gradients within the solid. The phenomena of heat and mass transport are considered and studied by bench-scale experiments which are conducted in the cone calorimeter. The corresponding simulations are implemented under two heat flux. The interactions among the heat and mass transport as well as chemical reaction processes are studied by analyzing the local time and length scales to identify what are the dominant phenomena through the whole pyrolysis process
Evanno, Jean-Noël. „La loi de réforme de l'éducation de 1988 en Angleterre et au Pays de Galles : discours officiel et réalités“. Rennes 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995REN20018.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe education reform act, which reached the statute book in July 1988, to be enforced in England and Wales, signalled a far-reaching reorganization of the education system and a sharp ideological break with the past. This act - an all-important act to the conservatives - was accompanied by ubiquitous, extensive and elaborate "official rhetoric" emphasizing several major explanatory themes: the increase in the role and influence of the "consumers" of the education system, the expansion of freedom of choice, the reinforcement of social cohesion and the improvement of the education system. By confronting the panoply of official rhetoric - the postulates and perspectives it contains - with realities, this work discloses concealed priorities and purposes which often prove incompatible with the stated objectives. The rhetoric, therefore, is shown to be a mask designed to conceal the true aims of the education reform act, which really partakes more of an uncompromising political ideology than a genuine, coherent scheme for education. Centralizing educational power while bypassing local democracy, taking over curricular contents, supervising teachers, stepping up selection, reproducing privilege, promoting individualism: these are some of the major motives of the 1988 education reform act as they appear beneath the cloak of the official rhetoric
Bertaud, Du Chazaud Guy. „La loi du 2 mai 1930 sur la protection des sites et son application en Aquitaine, bilan et réflexion méthodologique : 1930-1934“. Paris 4, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA040283.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe French parliament in 1930, standing from a text of 1906, has felt convenient to organize the preservation of naturel monuments and sites. This law has been extensively used in Aquitaine: 550 sites have been protected since 50 years. Two of the dispositions of this law are mere reproductions of the law on the preservation of historical monuments: the classification of sites. The third one, the protected zone around an historical monument or a site, has been only need 4 times in Aquitaine. The "protected zone" has been replaced, in 1983, by the "protected zone for architectural and rural patrimony". The regional study shows, though an exhaustive analysis of the field realities based on our 12 tiers classifications, the real impact of the 1930 legislation, and its limitations. The standard image of the protected site, the "rural landscape" counts only for 11% of sites. 18% have as main focus waters (lakes, rivers, ocean shores). Many sites are also centered on castles or villages. It would be logical to make the "service des sites" a section or the "direction du patrimoine" in the ministry of culture. A standardized inventory of sites would be also very useful. It would be good, finally, to promote the image of sites among the members of local councils and among the general population
Pigeard, Alain. „La loi Jourdan-Delbrel du 19 fructidor an VI : application et évolution en France du 5 septembre 1798 au 4 juin 1814“. Dijon, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997DIJOD001.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis act dated on fructidor 19th in the year VI (september 5th 1798), upon general Jourdan's proposition based on the following principles : in case of danger in homeland, all the citizens had to do their military service, the length of which was unlimited. French young men aged 20 to 25 were all concerned. Replacement was authorised and from the year x, conscription became the recruiting system of armies. The opposition to that system concerned (tougher from 1812) and according to the regions, (the south west of France was more opposed to conscription). The law passed on fructidor 8th in the year XIII settles the drawing lots, the legal exemptions and authorizes replacement. A lot of draft evaders or rebellions people (about 1/4) refused to obey these military duties. So, "mobile columns" of soldiers and men at arms were set up to track those who refused to go. In spite of the laws of amnesty, the opposition always remained rather sharp. The number of conscripts between 1804 and 1813 was 2 432 335 men, a great number of whom never rejoined the depots. That law was abroged by the 1st restauration in 1814 and restored in 1818 in the name of Gouvion Saint-Cyr act
Cai, Hongxue. „Loi de comportement en grandes déformations du muscle à fibres actives : Application à la mécanique du cœur humain et à sa croissance“. Chambéry, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998CHAMS022.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSchutz, Aurélien. „Modélisation multivariée de champs texturaux : application à la classification d'images“. Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0356/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe prime objective of this thesis is to propose an unsupervised classification algorithm of textured images based on multivariate stochastic models. Inspired from classification algorithm named "Bag of Words" (BoW), we propose an original extension to parametric descriptors issued from the multivariate modeling of wavelet subband coefficients. Some major contributions of this thesis can be outlined. The first one concerns the introduction of an intrinsic prior on the parameter space by defining a Gaussian concentrated distribution. This latter being characterized by a centroid ¯_ and a variance _2,we propose an estimation algorithm for those two quantities. Next, we propose an application to the multivariate SIRV (Spherically Invariant Random Vector) model, by resolving the difficult centroid estimation problem as the solution of two simpler ones (one for the Gaussian part and one for the multiplier part). To handle with the intra-class diversity of texture images (scene enlightenment, orientation . . . ), we propose an extension to mixture models allowing the construction of the training dictionary. Finally, we validate this classification algorithm on various texture image databases and show interesting classification performances compared to other state-of-the-art algorithms
Mabika, Bienvenu. „Analyse bayésienne des données de survie : Application à des essais cliniques en pharmacologie“. Rouen, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ROUES100.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTwo distinct sections constitute this thesis : the first section deals with the Bayesian procedures of survival data and the second with the applying procedures of Bayesian methods. The methods are illustrated with some examples of a mortality study in cardiologic and cancer research where a new treatment is compared to a standard treatment. In the first section, we study the Bayesian framework allowing to compare two Weibull survival distributions with unequal shape parameters, in the case of right censored survival data obtained for two independent samples is considered. For a family of appropriate priors we give the posterior distributions and the highest posterior density intervals about relevant parameters allowing to search for a conclusion of clinical superiority of the treatment. We introduce a Bayesian estimator of the survival function. We propose and study a Bayesian testing for equivalence of two survival functions and an algorithm using Gibbs sampling allowed to resolve this test. Moreover the predictive distributions are used to obtain an early stopping rule in the case of interim analyses. On using some criteria of determination of number patient we propose two approaches. We generalize the Weibull model by a Bayesian approach with covariates, this approach is like to Cox model. The methods inference used there do appeal to Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods
Bichet, Lionel. „Mécanismes de transports dans la fissuration des matériaux hétérogènes : application à la durée de vie d’exploitation des centrales nucléaires“. Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTS001/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDuring their confinement in a nuclear power plant, the mechanical properties of the constitutive materials of concrete change as a result of ageing. This is due to the transportation of chemical species at the microscopic level of the media. Firstly, this can be modelled with average equations. The Fick laws represent the evolution of chemical diffusion and the Fourier laws, the transportation of heat at a mesoscopic level. In this research, we will consider thermal evolution on a fractured media.This thermomechanical problem is solved with a staggered method. The mechanical contribution used an approach based on multi-bodies system linked with cohesive zone models. The thermal problem is based on the approximation of the heat transfer equation at the cohesive interface. This approach has been implemented and validated. The description of the heat trough the interface is composed with the definition of an homogenised conductivity and the local damage parameter. In order to optimize the computational cost with a good agreement of the crack propagation, a criterion is proposed for sizing a representative elementary volume (REV). The eigenerosion method is used, validated and extended to heterogeneous media. Two studies are carried out on the morphological properties on a cementious media. As a result of those studies, a minimal size for a REV is defined.Crack spread under thermal loads are investigated on a media representing the concrete of the containment of a nuclear power station. The ageing effect are taken into account as an initial damage between the mortar and the aggregates. These parameters are expressed in terms of rate of initial damage. A study is proposed for different values of this rate. As assumed, the development of multi-cracks is linked with the rate of initial damage and the creation of thermal border is proposed
Hérout, Benjamin. „Écoulement et transfert de chaleur turbulents sur parois rugueuses : application aux chambres de refroidissement des moteurs thermiques“. Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/3450/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis research work takes place in the general context of the modeling of automotive engine cooling. The presented study synthetize experimental and numeric results obtained on a turbulent pipe flow, with heat transfer over rough wall. The motivation of this work is expressed by the industrial need to enhance the precision of CFD tools used during first conception phases, before to develop mechanical prototypes. The simulation of heat exchange in water jacket is based on turbulence modeling. Some dispersion has been observed between results obtained from a new version of the commercial CFD code. Theses variations clearly show the strong sensitivity of the wall-function depending on mathematical assumption or physical parameters. Near-wall measurements of flow and heat transfer over rough wall lead us to study a turbulent pipe flow. This classical geometry allow us to perform measurement closest to the wall, with flow characteristic similar to those encountered in water jacket (velocity, temperature and roughness). The experimental results are essential to determine the roughness effect on velocity distribution, particularly in for adapting logartmic law depending on roughness dimension. Heat transfer in also strongly increased due to the presence of small perturbations. The use of Large Eddy Simulation allows obtaining numerically the roughness effect in the viscous layer. This effect was not observed during the experiments due to optical limitations. All these results are used to establish a data-base to optimize the computation done with commercial CFD codes. These results obtained on a simplified geometry valid the methods and techniques used in this work. These ones could be developed to other flow geometry
Fonvieille, Nadine. „Application dans la région Rhône-Alpes de la loi du 19 mai 1874 sur le travail des enfants et des filles mineures dans l'industrie“. Grenoble 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993GRE21030.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe law of may 19, 1874 which is not the first social one about this subject (law of 1841) deserves a certain attention; in fact it will fully contribute to the breakdown of a modern social legal system. Its implementation within a heavy industrialised region is a good example. Children at work was a very common industrial behaviour throughout the 19 century. Therefore the rhone-alpes region is not exception to the rule. Firstly this survey describes the situation in this region before passing the law of 1874 and emphasises how necessary end urgent a legal regulation was, in order to protect children at work in the industry. By then this law is going to be implemented de facto, however using the particular expedient of the factory inspectorate. In fact this law is at the root of the professional factory incorporate. The legislator was extremely confident in the succeed of theis new institution. The survey ends up with the succeeds achieved by this law. These succeeds illustrate a significant advance within the social field, but they are unable to conceal the still remaining resistance factors
Giet, Jean-Sébastien. „Processus stochastiques : application à l'équation de Navier-Stokes ; simulation de la loi de diffusions irrégulières ; vitesse de convergence du schéma d'Euler pour des fonctionnelles“. Nancy 1, 2000. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2000_0109_GIET.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFauconnier, Grégoire. „La mise en oeuvre de l'article 55 de la loi "Solidarité et renouvellement urbains" (SRU) dans les Yvelines, entre application formelle et adaptation stratégique“. Thesis, Paris 10, 2019. https://bdr-parisnanterre-fr.faraway.parisnanterre.fr/theses/intranet/2019/2019PA100040/2019PA100040.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePromulgated on December 13th 2000, the SRU law decreesed with its article 55 that there should be a 20% minimum limit of social housing in most of the communes located in big urban areas. Therein, it was designed to contribute to the right to housing and above all to promote « social mix ». Although strongly criticized, many times jeopardized, the SRU law was eventually reinforced in 2013 through the rise of the minimum limit up to 25% of social housing. More than 15 years after coming into force, the law entered a phase of development that allows a detailed and objective assessment of this thesis. This study focuses on the analysis of quantitative and qualitative datas on the construction of social housing in the non-law abiding communes of the Yvelines, the department with the highest number of non-law abiding communes on a national level. By doing so, it appears that overall, the non-law abiding communes respect the letter of the law- by building the required social housing - while getting round its spirit - by limiting social mix. Indeed, the social housing that they build have several specific features and at the same time, numerous private housing continue to be set up, making it impossible to reach the demanded percentage. So as to understand the reasons for this partial and biased implementation, it was necessary to study the interplay of stakeholders that the SRU law results in. This survey thus puts forward the fact that it is the everlasting rejection of social housing in the field that hinders the mechanism introduced by the legislator and prevents the SRU law from achieving its intended effect