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Becker, Bernhard P., und Holger Schüttrumpf. „An OpenMI module for the groundwater flow simulation programme Feflow“. Journal of Hydroinformatics 13, Nr. 1 (19.03.2010): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2010.039.
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The OpenMI standard defines an interface that allows time-dependent models to exchange data at runtime. The migration of a flow simulation programme to OpenMI compliance usually requires changes in the source code or even a reorganisation of the programme sequence. Users of commercial flow simulation programmes depend on the software producer if they want to couple their models according to the OpenMI standard. We describe how we made the groundwater flow simulation programme Feflow OpenMI compliant without changing the source code: an OpenMI-compliant control application communicates with Feflow via remote procedure calls. A basic prerequisite for applying this method is an entry point into the flow simulation programme that allows to modify the model data during runtime and to implement the remote procedure calls. Feflow meets this requirement as it provides the interface manager (IFM). The mode of operation is explained with a simple test case including an inundation model and a Feflow groundwater model.
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Wang, Hong Yun, G. F. Guo, Y. X. Li und Xi Lin Zhu. „Application of LabVIEW in Flame Cutter NC System“. Key Engineering Materials 392-394 (Oktober 2008): 121–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.392-394.121.
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In this paper, a system was introduced, which bases on Flame Cutter NC System and software platform of LabVIEW which the USA NI company developed. Composing of NC machine, partition of modules and assignments, functions confirming, data processing of machining and control, structure of software by the numbers and realization method of two CPUs. The system makes use of multitasking of LabVIEW to make the programmer realize easily the task, which is difficulty to acquire in in tradition programme. It is a kind of comparatively convenient and swift thinking to realize system interface and multitasking by the platform of LabVIEW.
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Dinis, Fábio Matoseiro, João Poças Martins, Bárbara Rangel Carvalho und Ana Sofia Guimarães. „Disseminating Civil Engineering through Virtual Reality: An Immersive Interface“. International Journal of Online Engineering (iJOE) 14, Nr. 05 (25.05.2018): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v14i05.7788.
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<p class="0abstractCxSpFirst">The application of immersive Virtual Reality (VR) interfaces has shown favourable results for Engineering Education. In fact, VR interfaces provide new practises for improvising transferability of knowledge and communication amongst users, thus disclosing new tools for decision making, planning, project review and multidisciplinary cooperation.</p><p class="0abstractCxSpLast">The present work comprises a description of an immersive VR interface developed under the scope of Civil Engineering and an ongoing educational programme, Educational Lab - Big Machine. The project intends primarily, to disseminate Civil Engineering amongst pre-university students, simultaneously providing new tools for enhancing students’ motivation and decreasing early school leaving.</p>The VR interface is available online and can be tested anywhere as long as the minimum requirements are met.
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Harish, Ballu, und R. S. Dwiwedi. „Exhibiting of geospatial attribute data using popup template Java-script application programming interface“. International Journal of Scientific Reports 6, Nr. 12 (23.11.2020): 532. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-2156.intjscirep20205034.
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<p>Arc-GIS server is used in creating web, desktop, mobile applications. Arc-GIS for server provides end user applications and services for spatial data management, visualization and spatial analysis. The proposed work deals with exhibiting of geo-spatial attribute data using the facility of Java script application programme interfaces (API’s) from Arc-GIS server. Popup-layout API reference is utilized in the work and furthermore two of its properties are utilized relying upon the need of the work. All the programming interfaces have their advantages for encouraging clients work to connect with the geo-spatial information. Keen web maps make an extraordinary method of envisioning complex data. They assist with beating up apparently disconnected data, uncover concealed examples, mine enormous datasets. Information can be composed on the work area, sent to the cloud, and shared utilizing Arc-GIS server on the web.</p>
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Uther, Maria, Anna-Riikka Smolander, Katja Junttila, Mikko Kurimo, Reima Karhila, Seppo Enarvi und Sari Ylinen. „User Experiences from L2 Children Using a Speech Learning Application: Implications for Developing Speech Training Applications for Children“. Advances in Human-Computer Interaction 2018 (01.11.2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7345397.
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We investigated user experiences from 117 Finnish children aged between 8 and 12 years in a trial of an English language learning programme that used automatic speech recognition (ASR). We used measures that encompassed both affective reactions and questions tapping into the children' sense of pedagogical utility. We also tested their perception of sound quality and compared reactions of game and nongame-based versions of the application. Results showed that children expressed higher affective ratings for the game compared to nongame version of the application. Children also expressed a preference to play with a friend compared to playing alone or playing within a group. They found that assessment of their speech is useful although they did not necessarily enjoy hearing their own voices. The results are discussed in terms of the implications for user interface (UI) design in speech learning applications for children.
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Bessagnet, Bertrand, Laurent Menut und Maxime Beauchamp. „An <i>N</i>-dimensional Fortran interpolation programme (NterGeo.v2020a) for geophysics sciences – application to a back-trajectory programme (Backplumes.v2020r1) using CHIMERE or WRF outputs“. Geoscientific Model Development 14, Nr. 1 (07.01.2021): 91–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-91-2021.
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Abstract. An interpolation programme coded in Fortran for irregular N-dimensional cases is presented and freely available. The need for interpolation procedures over irregular meshes or matrixes with interdependent input data dimensions is frequent in geophysical models. Also, these models often embed look-up tables of physics or chemistry modules. Fortran is a fast and powerful language and is highly portable. It is easy to interface models written in Fortran with each other. Our programme does not need any libraries; it is written in standard Fortran and tested with two usual compilers. The programme is fast and competitive compared to current Python libraries. A normalization option parameter is provided when considering different types of units on each dimension. Some tests and examples are provided and available in the code package. Moreover, a geophysical application embedding this interpolation programme is provided and discussed; it consists in determining back trajectories using chemistry-transport or mesoscale meteorological model outputs, respectively, from the widely used CHIMERE and Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) models.
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Robertson, Sara, Sarah Taylor, Robert Christie, John Fletcher und Luca Rossini. „Designing with a Responsive Colour Palette: The Development of Colour and Pattern Changing Products“. Advances in Science and Technology 60 (September 2008): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.60.26.
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This paper presents an illustrated discussion of the potential for creative design applications of thermochromic textiles brought into contact with specifically designed heat-profiling circuitry. The results are derived from a current research programme at the design/technology interface on the application of colour change technology in interior textile design. Examples are given of textile samples combining printed thermochromics with circuitry to demonstrate the aesthetic qualities that can be achieved from integration of the technologies in a flexible fabric system. Dynamic colour change effects controlled by prototype circuitry and power electronics are demonstrated. The paper concludes with an analysis of the potential for product/artefact development in the area of “smart” design and how, as a consequence, a responsive interior might be envisaged.
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Michelarakis, Michail, Phillip Widger, Abderrahmane Beroual und Abderrahmane (Manu) Haddad. „Electrical Detection of Creeping Discharges over Insulator Surfaces in Atmospheric Gases under AC Voltage Application“. Energies 12, Nr. 15 (01.08.2019): 2970. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12152970.
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Creeping discharges over insulator surfaces have been related to the presence of triple junctions in compressed gas insulated systems. The performance of dielectric materials frequently utilised in gaseous insulating high voltage applications, stressed under triple junction conditions, has been an interesting topic approached through many different physical perspectives. Presented research outcomes have contributed to the understanding of the mechanisms behind the related phenomena, macroscopically and microscopically. This paper deals with the electrical detection of creeping discharges over disc-shaped insulator samples of different dielectric materials (polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), epoxy resin and silicone rubber) using atmospheric gases (dry air, N2 and CO2) as insulation medium in a point-plane electrode arrangement and under AC voltage application. The entire approach implementation is described in detail, from the initial numerical field simulations of the electrode configuration to the sensing and recording devices specifications and applications. The obtained results demonstrate the dependence of the generated discharge activity on the geometrical and material properties of the dielectric and the solid/atmospheric gas interface. The current work will be further extended as part of a future extensive research programme.
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Savu, Ionel Danut. „Modification of Heat Flow Parameters during the Ceramic Assisted Microwave Heating of HDPE“. Advanced Materials Research 1036 (Oktober 2014): 240–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1036.240.
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Microwave technology is more often used in large number of application. Heating polymers by microwave technology is met from domestic o industrial applications and the influences brought by the heating source, the impact between the microwaves and the polymer, to the base material is necessary to be well known to avoid different types of failure of the pieces. HDPE is polymer often used in application with interaction between material and microwaves. Because of that the analysis of the influence of such interaction on the flowing characteristics of the HDPE is proposed in this paper. Experimental programme was applied to HDPE 100 and HDPE 80, both heated by using mono-directional microwave beam with different sets of parameters (factorial experiment principles were used to establish the heating parameters). Plasticity characteristics of the heated material, as elongation and relaxation modulus, were determined by using thermal analysis. It has been recorded important influences of the heating process on the surface in contact with the ceramic powder that was used as microwave absorber. The DSC analysis revealed a decreasing of the elongation with about 16% and decreasing of the relaxation modulus with amount up to 18%, for the material located at the interface between the polymer and the ceramic powder. Each 2 mm from the interface to the interior of the polymer brought an intensity of the modification up to 15% of the values recorded for the interface. After 6 mm from the interface the intensity of the modification decreases very fast. By using DSC thermal analysis it has been analysed the crystallization rate of the polymer modified by the microwave heating and high rates were recorded. About 12% difference between the relaxation modulus of the heated and non-heated HDPE and that means local ageing transformation of the HDPE.
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Ronzhin, S., G. Bosch, E. Folmer und R. Lemmens. „LINKDALE: A LIGHTWEIGHT LEARNING ENVIRONMENT FOR (GEOSPATIAL) LINKED DATA“. ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-4/W8 (11.07.2018): 187–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-w8-187-2018.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Modern software tools for managing Linked Data are often designed for skilled users. Therefore, they cannot be used for education purposes because they require substantial a priori knowledge about the Resource Description Framework and the SPARQL query language. LinkDaLe is a single page application designed to teach students the concept of Linked Data and work with linked data at the same time. In the paper we showcase the interface and functionality of LinkDaLe by triplifying data on Geo4All member organizations. The application was built and evaluated within The Business Process Integration Lab, a master programme course in 2016 and 2017 years. Positive feedback from both students and teachers proved the relevance of the proposed design consideration. LinkDaLe showed usability working with domain specific data e.g. geospatial and logistic data.</p>
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Oddbjornsson, Olafur, Panos Kloukinas, Tansu Gokce, Kate Bourne, Tony Horseman, Luiza Dihoru, Matt Dietz, Rory E. White, Adam J. Crewe und Colin A. Taylor. „Design and Calibration of a Hall Effect System for Measurement of Six-Degree-of-Freedom Motion within a Stacked Column“. Sensors 21, Nr. 11 (27.05.2021): 3740. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21113740.
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This paper presents the design, development and evaluation of a unique non-contact instrumentation system that can accurately measure the interface displacement between two rigid components in six degrees of freedom. The system was developed to allow measurement of the relative displacements between interfaces within a stacked column of brick-like components, with an accuracy of 0.05 mm and 0.1 degrees. The columns comprised up to 14 components, with each component being a scale model of a graphite brick within an Advanced Gas-cooled Reactor core. A set of 585 of these columns makes up the Multi Layer Array, which was designed to investigate the response of the reactor core to seismic inputs, with excitation levels up to 1 g from 0 to 100 Hz. The nature of the application required a compact and robust design capable of accurately recording fully coupled motion in all six degrees of freedom during dynamic testing. The novel design implemented 12 Hall effect sensors with a calibration procedure based on system identification techniques. The measurement uncertainty was ±0.050 mm for displacement and ±0.052 degrees for rotation, and the system can tolerate loss of data from two sensors with the uncertainly increasing to only 0.061 mm in translation and 0.088 degrees in rotation. The system has been deployed in a research programme that has enabled EDF to present seismic safety cases to the Office for Nuclear Regulation, resulting in life extension approvals for several reactors. The measurement system developed could be readily applied to other situations where the imposed level of stress at the interface causes negligible material strain, and accurate non-contact six-degree-of-freedom interface measurement is required.
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Barbenel, J. C. „Pressure management“. Prosthetics and Orthotics International 15, Nr. 3 (Dezember 1991): 225–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/03093649109164292.
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The prevention or minimisation of the occurrence of pressure sores is an important consideration in the rehabilitation of physically disabled people, especially for the wheelchair user with a spinal cord injury. Although there is little definitive information on the cause of pressure sores, several intrinsic and extrinsic factors have been highlighted. Probably the most significant causative factor is the application of force to the skin surface. The relationship between the magnitude of pressure and its duration; the temperature and humidity at the interface; and the physiological effects that this has on the microcirculation and lymphatic drainage are discussed in this article. It is suggested that a rationale for the prevention of pressure sores includes the limitation of the duration of pressures applied to the skin surface and the reduction of the peak pressures particularly at vulnerable sites. In this context the design criteria for a clinical interface pressure measurement system, and the uses and limitations of the commercially available options, are considered. The development of a structured programme of wheelchair and support surface provision, assessment and follow-up is required.
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Kaur, Naginder, Nor Arzami Othman und Hana Wahida Adli. „The Development of a Multimedia Application in Learning Japanese“. Journal of Emerging Economies and Islamic Research 8, Nr. 3 (30.09.2020): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/jeeir.v8i3.10560.
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The Look East Policy Programme in Malaysia, that was rejuvenated recently by Tun Dr Mahathir Mohamad, the seventh Prime Minister of Malaysia, focuses on a few key areas, namely, education, training and investment, consequently, making the learning of Japanese as a third language fundamental for Malaysian undergraduates as a key point to set them apart from others, especially in multicultural or intercultural competency atmospheres. On the global sphere, the emergence of Japan as a rising force in industrialisation has also made the learning of Japanese essential for non-native speakers. Hence, it has become relevant and necessary to pay more attention to the learning of the Japanese language in all corners of the globe. However, for many, it is a daunting task, mainly because of unfamiliarity with the Japanese script and the vast number of characters in the language. This paper outlines an initiative taken by the researchers in developing and testing a multimedia application for Japanese language learning using sensory learning and Tangible User Interface, adopting the five-step ADDIE model. The paper maps out the detailed step-by-step process in developing this application, named ATAMJHS for the learning of the Hiragana syllabary, using Malay language mnemonics as the learning guide, thus, making it a truly novel application for use by any Malay-literate learner in South East Asia and anywhere beyond, ensuring a more rewarding and sustainable partnership with Japan in the future, through quality education (SDG 2030: Goal 4), specifically in upholding and realising the Look East Policy in the Malaysian context.
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NEAU, A., C. CHEVALET und B. BIBÉ. „La Base de données Mapgena“. INRAE Productions Animales 13, HS (22.12.2000): 197–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2000.13.hs.3838.
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La base de données Mapgena a un double objectif : regrouper et gérer les informations utiles aux programmes d’étude du génome (cartographie, détection de QTL, analyse de populations) et ses applications ; créer des interfaces entre ces données et les outils d’analyse (crimap, linkage, qtlmap, phylip, génépop, fstat...). Elle est multi-espèce et contient des typages variés (protéines, hémotypes, gènes, microsatellites, RFLP...) ainsi que des caractères divers pour les performances. Cette base de données sous Oracle et son application développée avec l’AGL Uniface sont accessibles sur le serveur dga5 au Centre de Traitement de l’Information Génétique. A ce jour, les programmes de recherches gérés dans Mapgena sont : les programmes de détection de QTL dans plusieurs espèces (bovins laitiers, porcs, poule), le programme international de cartographie génétique chez le cheval ainsi que les données de typage dans le programme de sélection des reproducteurs chez les caprins.
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Meerbeek, Bernt, Jettie Hoonhout, Peter Bingley und Jacques M. B. Terken. „The influence of robot personality on perceived and preferred level of user control“. Interaction Studies 9, Nr. 2 (26.05.2008): 204–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/is.9.2.04mee.
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This paper describes the design and evaluation of a personality for the robotic user interface “iCat”. An application was developed that helps users find a TV-programme that fits their interests. Two experiments were conducted to investigate what personality users prefer for the robotic TV-assistant, what level of control they prefer (i.e. how autonomous the robot should behave), and how personality and the level of control relate to each other. The first experiment demonstrated that it is possible to create convincing personalities of the TV-assistant by applying various social cues. The results of the second experiment showed that an extravert and agreeable TV-assistant was preferred over a more introvert and formal one. Overall, the most preferred combination was an extravert and friendly personality with low user control. Additionally, it was found that perceived level of control was influenced by the robot’s personality. This suggests that the robot’s personality can be used as a means to increase the amount of control that users perceive.
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Nicholson, Nicholas Charles, Francesco Giusti, Manola Bettio, Raquel Negrao Carvalho, Nadya Dimitrova, Tadeusz Dyba, Manuela Flego, Luciana Neamtiu, Giorgia Randi und Carmen Martos. „An Ontology to Model the International Rules for Multiple Primary Malignant Tumours in Cancer Registration“. Applied Sciences 11, Nr. 16 (05.08.2021): 7233. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11167233.
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Population-based cancer registry data provide a key epidemiological resource for monitoring cancer in defined populations. Validation of the data variables contributing to a common data set is necessary to remove statistical bias; the process is currently performed centrally. An ontology-based approach promises advantages in devolving the validation process to the registry level but the checks regarding multiple primary tumours have presented a hurdle. This work presents a solution by modelling the international rules for multiple primary cancers in description logic. Topography groupings described in the rules had to be further categorised in order to simplify the axioms. Description logic expressivity was constrained as far as possible for reasons of automatic reasoning performance. The axioms were consistently able to trap all the different types of scenarios signalling violation of the rules. Batch processing of many records were performed using the Web Ontology Language application programme interface. Performance issues were circumvented for large data sets using the software interface to perform the reasoning operations on the basis of the axioms encoded in the ontology. These results remove one remaining hurdle in developing a purely ontology-based solution for performing the European harmonised data-quality checks, with a number of inherent advantages including the formalisation and integration of the validation rules within the domain data model itself.
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Hix, Deborah. „Assessment of an Interactive Environment for Developing Human-Computer Interfaces“. Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 30, Nr. 14 (September 1986): 1349–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193128603001401.
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The goal of this research was to empirically evaluate the usefulness of an interactive environment for developing human-computer interfaces. In particular, it focused on a set of interactive tools, called the Author's Interactive Dialogue Environment (AIDE), for human-computer interface implementation. AIDE is used by an interface design specialist, called a dialogue author, to implement an interface by directly manipulating and defining its objects, rather than by the traditional method of writing source code. In a controlled experiment, a group of dialogue author subjects used AIDE 1.0 to implement a predefined interface, and a group of application programmer subjects implemented the identical interface using programming code. Dialogue author subjects performed the task more than three times faster than the application programmer subjects. This study empirically supports, possibly for the first time, the long-standing claim that interactive tools for interface development can improve productivity and reduce frustration in developing interfaces over traditional programming techniques for interface development.
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Park, Gi-Back, Young-Ho Jung, Nam-Hyuk Ham und Jae-Jun Kim. „A Study of the Using Application Program Interface (API) for Improving Productivity in Construction Engineering“. Journal of KIBIM 3, Nr. 3 (30.09.2013): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.13161/kibim.2013.3.3.029.
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Wang, Jian Guo, Qiang Ji und Xiao Yu Jiang. „The Combined Development of Ogre and WPF Based on its Applications in the Field of Medical Education Software“. Advanced Materials Research 403-408 (November 2011): 2296–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.403-408.2296.
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Ogre (Object-Oriented Graphics Rendering Engine) is a scenario-oriented, versatile 3D engine developed in C++ language. Its serves the purpose of allowing the developers easier and more direct usage of hardware acceleration in the development and applications of 3 dimensional graphics system. This library has hidden all details involved in bottom system library (for example: Direct 3D and OpenGL) and provided an interface based on world object and other intuitions. The Ogre engine affords developers an open source, Multi-Systems support as well as comprehensive 3D drawing engine abilities among other features. WPF was a user interface framework developed by Microsoft based on NET Framework 3.0 architecture basis. It has the advantage of allowing the programmer fast processing of complex controls and interfaces. Furthermore, it breaks the limitations in traditional MFC (Microsoft Foundation Class) format interface drawing. The purpose of this paper is to set forth answering the question of how to combine the applications of both technologies and realize the complete separation between interface engineers and engineers. In addition to improving working efficiency, how to develop robust application software that has visually pleasing interface for software companies.
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Tam, Jamie, David T. Levy, Jihyoun Jeon, John Clarke, Scott Gilkeson, Tim Hall, Eric J. Feuer, Theodore R. Holford und Rafael Meza. „Projecting the effects of tobacco control policies in the USA through microsimulation: a study protocol“. BMJ Open 8, Nr. 3 (März 2018): e019169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019169.
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IntroductionSmoking remains the leading cause of preventable death in the USA but can be reduced through policy interventions. Computational models of smoking can provide estimates of the projected impact of tobacco control policies and can be used to inform public health decision making. We outline a protocol for simulating the effects of tobacco policies on population health outcomes.Methods and analysisWe extend the Smoking History Generator (SHG), a microsimulation model based on data from the National Health Interview Surveys, to evaluate the effects of tobacco control policies on projections of smoking prevalence and mortality in the USA. The SHG simulates individual life trajectories including smoking initiation, cessation and mortality. We illustrate the application of the SHG policy module for four types of tobacco control policies at the national and state levels: smoke-free air laws, cigarette taxes, increasing tobacco control programme expenditures and raising the minimum age of legal access to tobacco. Smoking initiation and cessation rates are modified by age, birth cohort, gender and years since policy implementation. Initiation and cessation rate modifiers are adjusted for differences across age groups and the level of existing policy coverage. Smoking prevalence, the number of population deaths avoided, and life-years gained are calculated for each policy scenario at the national and state levels. The model only considers direct individual benefits through reduced smoking and does not consider benefits through reduced exposure to secondhand smoke.Ethics and disseminationA web-based interface is being developed to integrate the results of the simulations into a format that allows the user to explore the projected effects of tobacco control policies in the USA. Usability testing is being conducted in which experts provide feedback on the interface. Development of this tool is under way, and a publicly accessible website is available athttp://www.tobaccopolicyeffects.org.
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Zhu, Chang Jun, Li Ping Wu und Sha Li. „Application of Combined Matlab and VB Model in Water Pollution Control Planning“. Key Engineering Materials 439-440 (Juni 2010): 407–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.439-440.407.
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In order to visualize the water control planning, optimization of Matlab is embeded into VB programe. Friendly man-machine interface can easily realize the integration of data analysis and water pollution control optimization which can form the visualization software related to water pollution control programs. Examples are shown that combination of the two programmes can greatly enhance the grade and accuracy of planning to improve the work efficiency. The potential applications of the combination of VB and Matlab are discussed in final discussion.
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Park, kyoung Jun. „A Study on Improvement of BIM(Building Information Modeling) Working Environment in Architectural Design Area Using API(Application Program Interface)“. KOREA SCIENCE & ART FORUM 30 (30.09.2017): 107–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17548/ksaf.2017.09.30.107.
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Vrhovski, Drazen, Terry Moore und Lloyd Bennett. „GNSS-based Road User Charging“. Journal of Navigation 57, Nr. 1 (Januar 2004): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463303002601.
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The last few years have seen a rapid growth of applications based on positioning information provided by satellite positioning systems. In transport management and control, satellite positioning has proven to be the most promising means for spatial location data collection. With the GPS modernisation programme well underway, and the recent developments of the Galileo project, even more GNSS-based applications are to be expected in the future. One such GNSS-based application is the use of position and velocity information as the prime input to a road user charging (RUC) scheme. However, navigation in urban environments raises a number of problems. Most important are the difficulties related to signal obstruction by features such as tall buildings, urban canyons, bridges and trees, as well as the effects of multipath caused by signal reflections from buildings and other vehicles. Given the inevitable limitations of road trials, the use of simulation modelling to assess the present and future satellite positioning systems' performance to support urban RUC seems indispensable. The main objective of the research undertaken at the University of Nottingham Institute of Engineering Surveying and Space Geodesy (IESSG), and the Nottingham Centre for Infrastructure (NCI), was to develop a tool to simulate GPS for Satellite Positioning-based Road User Charging (SPRUC). In this regard, an existing GPS simulator was modified to rectify one of its major weaknesses, namely the inability to address properly the change in non-static GPS measurements with respect to changes in built environment. For this purpose, state-of-the-art Geographic Information Systems (GIS) software was used to complement the simulator, and consequently a seamless interface between the two software has been developed. Finally, in order to provide a prime input to the simulator, field tests have been undertaken and significant amounts of GPS data were collected. Statistics were also derived for positioning accuracy and signal availability so that the results from the simulation modelling can be validated against those from the undertaken road trials.
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Alekseev, Victor, Rustam Aleksandrov, Sergey Vasiliev, Olga Kharitonova, Vladimir Philippov und V. V. Alekseev. „Modeling the transfer of potassium monophosphate with irrigation water in drip irrigation and sprinkling“. MATEC Web of Conferences 329 (2020): 05010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202032905010.
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Fertigation practically always allows us to simultaneously solve a wide range of problems of supplying plants with mineral substances. It is due to the possibility to localize the application area in accordance with the structural features of the root system of the plant. A review of the studies on modeling and calculating the transfer of nutrients shows that spatial inhomogeneity of nutrients distribution may lead to their excess in wrong soil areas. Time intervals and volumes of applying dissolved fertilizers determine the not yet completely studied dynamics of concentration of the nutrition elements in the root area. Formation of the root system is under a strong influence of the boundaries of the wetting contour, since after the irrigation and soil drying nutrients tend to concentrate in this particular area. The results of transfer modeling showed significant differences in the final distribution of potassium monophosphate in soil depending on the initial distribution of moisture there. This can be pre-estimated and calculated. The designed software programme for modeling nutrients transfer with irrigation water allows the user to set various initial wetting gradients depending on the depth, the intervals between the drippers, the intensity and duration of watering. The calculations are made considering the basic hydrophysical soil characteristic and hydraulic conductivity function. The software is equipped with an interactive graphic interface for primary data processing, soil profile discretization and graphic representation of the results.
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Jirková, Hana, Kateřina Rubešová, Vít Pileček und Mária Behúlová. „Steels with High Temperature Carbides - New Possibilities for Semi-Solid State Processing“. Solid State Phenomena 217-218 (September 2014): 325–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.217-218.325.
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Semi-solid processing of steels is typically studied using high-alloy steels with higher carbon levels, as those offer a long freezing range which is favourable for conducting the process. The drawback to their application is their microstructure which typically consists of austenite grains embedded in ledeburitic network. This type of microstructure typically fails in brittle manner by fracturing along the interface of the hard network and ductile austenite grains. This is why a way was sought to altering or even inverting the configuration of the microstructure. Eventually, suitable steel chemistries were found which allow the inverted microstructure to be obtained. With regard to the high content of alloy additions, these steels have to be made by powder metallurgy methods. Five different steels of this kind were selected for the experimental programme. All contained high amounts of alloying elements and a large fraction of carbides. Their carbon content was taken into account as well, ranging from 0.55 to 3.4 %. Differences between the steels consisted in the levels of major alloying elements, namely chromium, vanadium, molybdenum, tungsten and cobalt. After suitable process parameters were found, semi-solid processing was used to prepare demonstration products. The transition through semi-solid state transformed the ferritic matrix to austenitic-martensitic one, in which the high-stability carbides were retained. The resulting microstructures were of unconventional nature where carbide particles were embedded in tough metal matrix. Their configuration was thus inverted in contrast to the ones typically obtained by semi-solid processing of tool steels.
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Westbrook, J. D., S. H. Hsieh und P. M. D. Fitzgerald. „CIF Applications. VI. CIFLIB: an application program interface to CIF dictionaries and data files“. Journal of Applied Crystallography 30, Nr. 1 (01.02.1997): 79–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889896008643.
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A software library is described that provides simple and convenient access to information in Crystallographic Information File (CIF) dictionaries and data files. This library gives the application programmer a collection of high-level functions that can be used to process and check data stored in the CIF format using the full detail of the CIF dictionary of crystallographic terminology. Two applications are presented that demonstrate the features of the library: a CIF browser and a CIF dictionary-to-HTML converter.
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Broadwater, R., J. Thompson, M. Ellis, H. Ng, N. Singh und D. Loyd. „Application programmer interface for the EPRI Distribution Engineering Workstation“. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 10, Nr. 1 (1995): 499–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/59.373976.
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Bodas-Salcedo, A., M. J. Webb, S. Bony, H. Chepfer, J. L. Dufresne, S. A. Klein, Y. Zhang et al. „COSP: Satellite simulation software for model assessment“. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 92, Nr. 8 (01.08.2011): 1023–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2011bams2856.1.
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Errors in the simulation of clouds in general circulation models (GCMs) remain a long-standing issue in climate projections, as discussed in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report. This highlights the need for developing new analysis techniques to improve our knowledge of the physical processes at the root of these errors. The Cloud Feedback Model Intercomparison Project (CFMIP) pursues this objective, and under that framework the CFMIP Observation Simulator Package (COSP) has been developed. COSP is a flexible software tool that enables the simulation of several satellite-borne active and passive sensor observations from model variables. The flexibility of COSP and a common interface for all sensors facilitates its use in any type of numerical model, from high-resolution cloud-resolving models to the coarser-resolution GCMs assessed by the IPCC, and the scales in between used in weather forecast and regional models. The diversity of model parameterization techniques makes the comparison between model and observations difficult, as some parameterized variables (e.g., cloud fraction) do not have the same meaning in all models. The approach followed in COSP permits models to be evaluated against observations and compared against each other in a more consistent manner. This permits a more detailed diagnosis of the physical processes that govern the behavior of clouds and precipitation in numerical models. The World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) Working Group on Coupled Modelling has recommended the use of COSP in a subset of climate experiments that will be assessed by the next IPCC report. In this article we describe COSP, present some results from its application to numerical models, and discuss future work that will expand its capabilities.
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Dong, Biao. „Design and Implementation of Middleware for Wireless Sensor Networks“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 530-531 (Februar 2014): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.530-531.19.
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Middleware supports programming abstract which facilitate the programmer task and bridge the gap between the application and the hardware. Middleware for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) can help bridge the gap and remove impediments. This paper designs GWSN, a middleware WSNs, whose architecture is composed of runtime support, application development kits, and software development kits. Runtime support in GWSN is the core of WSNs middleware and supports executing and maintenance of WSNs applications. Application development kits includes many basic function kits, such as display editor, rule editor, and workflow editor, which support the application development of WSNs. Software development kits provides easy-to-use application programming interface.
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Siebyła, Kamil, und Maria Skublewska-Paszkowska. „Impact of the persistence layer implementation methods on application per-formance“. Journal of Computer Sciences Institute 17 (30.12.2020): 326–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/jcsi.2067.
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There are various methods for creating web applications. Each of these methods has different levels of performance. This factor is measurable at every level of the application. The performance of the frontend layer depends on the response time from individual endpoint of the used API (Application Programming Interface). The way the data access will be programmed at a specific endpoint, therefore, determines the performance of the entire application. There are many programming methods that are often time-consuming to implement. This article presents a comparison of the available methods of handling the persistence layer in relation to the efficiency of their implementation.
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Peterson, Michael P. „The Application Programmer Interface (API) in Modern Cartography: Development and Prospects“. Abstracts of the ICA 1 (15.07.2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-297-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Application Programmer Interfaces have been a part of the cartographic landscape since 2006 with the introduction of the Google Maps API. Essentially a library of code that provides access to a variety of mapping functions, APIs have since been the basis of online, tile-based, Multiscale Pannable (MSP) mapping. While the Google Maps API is still the most widely used with more than 4.6 billion websites embedding a Google Map, a variety of other mapping APIs have been introduced primarily to circumvent Google’s pricing structure.</p><p>The cost for using Google Maps on websites has changed over the years. From 2005 to 2011, the use of Google Maps was free no matter how many maps were referenced by a website. From then to 2016, Google limited map downloads to 25,000 map loads a day for 90 consecutive days. In 2016, the 90 consecutive days was removed so the number of maps downloaded could not exceed 25,000 on any given day. If it did, the website developer needed to register their site and pay a fee for maps produced over this limit.</p><p>In April 2018, Google announced the launch of a new name for the Google Maps API – Google Maps Platform – and a new pricing plan. A free tier continues to be offered through a US $200 monthly credit but now requires creating an account and entering a credit card number. In this new online platform, it is still possible to use the Google Maps API without incurring any cost by limiting the number of daily downloads so that the monthly quota of 28,000 map downloads is not exceeded.</p><p>The problem is not the use of the Google Maps API but the Google map tiles. The look of maps from Google and the associated interface have become so popular that users avoid using other kinds of maps – even those from Apple. Users complain that the tiles from other vendors implement a different color scheme or highlight different features. They also complain that these maps appear more slowly. While other APIs can use Google Map tiles, including the popular Leaflet API, their use is still subject to the same pricing structure.</p><p>With the help of the Internet, maps from Google have become the standard maps. All other renditions of the world are seen to be inferior and not worthy of examination. They are simply interesting oddities. While some can adapt to alternative representations, most choose not to. This Google Map phenomena is examined along with lessons from the historical progression of online mapping.</p>
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Getov, Vladimir, Paul Gray, Sava Mintchev und Vaidy Sunderam. „Multi-Language Programming Environments for High Performance Java Computing“. Scientific Programming 7, Nr. 2 (1999): 139–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1999/975837.
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Recent developments in processor capabilities, software tools, programming languages and programming paradigms have brought about new approaches to high performance computing. A steadfast component of this dynamic evolution has been the scientific community’s reliance on established scientific packages. As a consequence, programmers of high‐performance applications are reluctant to embrace evolving languages such as Java. This paper describes the Java‐to‐C Interface (JCI) tool which provides application programmers wishing to use Java with immediate accessibility to existing scientific packages. The JCI tool also facilitates rapid development and reuse of existing code. These benefits are provided at minimal cost to the programmer. While beneficial to the programmer, the additional advantages of mixed‐language programming in terms of application performance and portability are addressed in detail within the context of this paper. In addition, we discuss how the JCI tool is complementing other ongoing projects such as IBM’s High‐Performance Compiler for Java (HPCJ) and IceT’s metacomputing environment.
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Schmalstieg, Dieter, Gerhard Reitmayr und Gerd Hesina. „Distributed Applications for Collaborative Three-Dimensional Workspaces“. Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 12, Nr. 1 (Februar 2003): 52–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/105474603763835332.
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This paper focuses on the distributed architecture of the collaborative threedimensional user interface management system, Studierstube. The system allows multiple users to experience a shared 3D workspace populated by multiple applications using see-through head-mounted displays or other presentation media such as projection systems. Building large, ubiquitous, or mobile workspaces requires distribution of applications over several hosts in varying and dynamic configurations. The system design is based on a distributed shared scene graph that alleviates the application programmer from explicitly considering distribution and that avoids a separation of graphical and application data. The idea of unifying all system data in the scene graph is taken to its logical consequence by implementing application instances as nodes in the scene graph. Through the distributed shared scene graph mechanism, consistency of scene graph replicas and the contained application nodes is assured. Dynamic configuration management is based on application migration between participating hosts and a spatial model of locales allowing dynamic workgroup management. We describe a number of experimental workspaces that demonstrate the use of these configuration management techniques.
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Sparks, Madeleine R., und Julian R. Gallop. „Computer graphics language bindings: Programmer interface standards“. Computer-Aided Design 19, Nr. 8 (Oktober 1987): 418–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0010-4485(87)80004-0.
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Lusk, Ewing, Ralph Butler und Steven C. Pieper. „Evolution of a minimal parallel programming model“. International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications 32, Nr. 1 (30.04.2017): 4–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1094342017703448.
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We take a historical approach to our presentation of self-scheduled task parallelism, a programming model with its origins in early irregular and nondeterministic computations encountered in automated theorem proving and logic programming. We show how an extremely simple task model has evolved into a system, asynchronous dynamic load balancing (ADLB), and a scalable implementation capable of supporting sophisticated applications on today’s (and tomorrow’s) largest supercomputers; and we illustrate the use of ADLB with a Green’s function Monte Carlo application, a modern, mature nuclear physics code in production use. Our lesson is that by surrendering a certain amount of generality and thus applicability, a minimal programming model (in terms of its basic concepts and the size of its application programmer interface) can achieve extreme scalability without introducing complexity.
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Darintsev, O. V., und A. B. Migranov. „Method for the development of models of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). API functions of virtual environment for designing, testing and debugging MEMS“. Proceedings of the Mavlyutov Institute of Mechanics 4 (2006): 261–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.21662/uim2006.1.023.
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The article deals with the modeling of micro-systems, the problems associated with the development of virtual models and their use as an interface add-in in real microtechnological modules. The methods for creating models of microrobots and microsystems for a virtual environment for designing, testing and debugging MEMS with APIs (Application Programm Interface) are used for its open, modular, expandable architecture.
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Suwała, Piotr Paweł, und Beata Pańczyk. „Comparison of selected graphical web interface libraries used in JEE applications“. Journal of Computer Sciences Institute 4 (30.09.2017): 117–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/jcsi.607.
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The basic technology for creating a graphical user interface (GUI) for Java Enterprise Edition web applications is JavaServer Pages (JSP). However, the capabilities offered by JSP are not sufficient, which has resulted in many extensions that assist the programmer in quickly creating modern GUI. The paper presents the results of comparison JavaServer Faces, Rich Faces and Prime Faces libraries.
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Priebe, Stefan, Eoin Golden, David Kingdon, Serif Omer, Sophie Walsh, Kleomenis Katevas, Paul McCrone, Sandra Eldridge und Rose McCabe. „Effective patient–clinician interaction to improve treatment outcomes for patients with psychosis: a mixed-methods design“. Programme Grants for Applied Research 5, Nr. 6 (Februar 2017): 1–160. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/pgfar05060.
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BackgroundAt least 100,000 patients with schizophrenia receive care from community mental health teams (CMHTs) in England. These patients have regular meetings with clinicians, who assess them, engage them in treatment and co-ordinate care. As these routine meetings are not commonly guided by research evidence, a new intervention, DIALOG, was previously designed to structure consultations. Using a hand-held computer, clinicians asked patients to rate their satisfaction with eight life domains and three treatment aspects, and to indicate whether or not additional help was needed in each area, with responses being graphically displayed and compared with previous ratings. In a European multicentre trial, the intervention improved patients’ quality of life over a 1-year period. The current programme builds on this research by further developing DIALOG in the UK.Research questions(1) How can the practical procedure of the intervention be improved, including the software used and the design of the user interface? (2) How can elements of resource-oriented interventions be incorporated into a clinician manual and training programme for a new, more extensive ‘DIALOG+’ intervention? (3) How effective and cost-effective is the new DIALOG+ intervention in improving treatment outcomes for patients with schizophrenia or a related disorder? (4) What are the views of patients and clinicians regarding the new DIALOG+ intervention?MethodsWe produced new software on a tablet computer for CMHTs in the NHS, informed by analysis of videos of DIALOG sessions from the original trial and six focus groups with 18 patients with psychosis. We developed the new ‘DIALOG+’ intervention in consultation with experts, incorporating principles of solution-focused therapy when responding to patients’ ratings and specifying the procedure in a manual and training programme for clinicians. We conducted an exploratory cluster randomised controlled trial with 49 clinicians and 179 patients with psychosis in East London NHS Foundation Trust, comparing DIALOG+ with an active control. Clinicians working as care co-ordinators in CMHTs (along with their patients) were cluster randomised 1 : 1 to either DIALOG+ or treatment as usual plus an active control, to prevent contamination. Intervention and control were to be administered monthly for 6 months, with data collected at baseline and at 3, 6 and 12 months following randomisation. The primary outcome was subjective quality of life as measured on the Manchester Short Assessment of Quality of Life; secondary outcomes were also measured. We also established the cost-effectiveness of the DIALOG intervention using data from the Client Service Receipt Inventory, which records patients’ retrospective reports of using health- and social-care services, including hospital services, outpatient services and medication, in the 3 months prior to each time point. Data were supplemented by the clinical notes in patients’ medical records to improve accuracy. We conducted an exploratory thematic analysis of 16 video-recorded DIALOG+ sessions and measured adherence in these videos using a specially developed adherence scale. We conducted focus groups with patients (n = 19) and clinicians (n = 19) about their experiences of the intervention, and conducted thematic analyses. We disseminated the findings and made the application (app), manual and training freely available, as well as producing a protocol for a definitive trial.ResultsPatients receiving the new intervention showed more favourable quality of life in the DIALOG+ group after 3 months (effect size: Cohen’sd = 0.34), after 6 months (Cohen’sd = 0.29) and after 12 months (Cohen’sd = 0.34). An analysis of video-recorded DIALOG+ sessions showed inconsistent implementation, with adherence to the intervention being a little over half of the possible score. Patients and clinicians from the DIALOG+ arm of the trial reported many positive experiences with the intervention, including better self-expression and improved efficiency of meetings. Difficulties reported with the intervention were addressed by further refining the DIALOG+ manual and training. Cost-effectiveness analyses found a 72% likelihood that the intervention both improved outcomes and saved costs.LimitationsThe research was conducted solely in urban east London, meaning that the results may not be broadly generalisable to other settings.Conclusions(1) Although services might consider adopting DIALOG+ based on the existing evidence, a definitive trial appears warranted; (2) applying DIALOG+ to patient groups with other mental disorders may be considered, and to groups with physical health problems; (3) a more flexible use with variable intervals might help to make the intervention even more acceptable and effective; (4) more process evaluation is required to identify what mechanisms precisely are involved in the improvements seen in the intervention group in the trial; and (5) what appears to make DIALOG+ effective is that it is not a separate treatment and not a technology that is administered by a specialist; rather, it changes and utilises the existing therapeutic relationship between patients and clinicians in CMHTs to initiate positive change, helping the patients to improve their quality of life.Future researchFuture studies should include a definitive trial on DIALOG+ and test the effectiveness of the intervention with other populations, such as people with depression.Trial registrationCurrent Controlled Trials ISRCTN34757603.FundingThe National Institute for Health Research Programme Grants for Applied Research programme.
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Silva, A. Alberto, und Fernando C. Alves. „Animating Numbering Systems with a Programmed Spreadsheet“. Journal of Educational Technology Systems 22, Nr. 3 (März 1994): 259–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/anj1-jju3-qlp2-rhrk.
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A computer application, dealing with numbering systems, is presented. This central subject is discussed both as an object for studying and as an integrating theme and an anchor point for several topics belonging to mathematics curricula for ages nine to seventeen. The interest and the importance of such an instrument are discussed, from both the points of view of contents and processes. A general overview of the type of user interface and user interactivity is presented. Some aspects, which characterize the computer as a special instrument to use if and when adequate, are highlighted. The intended positioning of this application concerning pedagogical, didactical, and methodological aspects is referred to. The teacher role is emphasized. Some suggestions of approaches and activities are made explicit and a reference is made to some pilot in-field experiments.
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Wood, Christopher W., Amaurys A. Ibarra, Gail J. Bartlett, Andrew J. Wilson, Derek N. Woolfson und Richard B. Sessions. „BAlaS: fast, interactive and accessible computational alanine-scanning using BudeAlaScan“. Bioinformatics 36, Nr. 9 (13.01.2020): 2917–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btaa026.
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Abstract Motivation In experimental protein engineering, alanine-scanning mutagenesis involves the replacement of selected residues with alanine to determine the energetic contribution of each side chain to forming an interaction. For example, it is often used to study protein–protein interactions. However, such experiments can be time-consuming and costly, which has led to the development of programmes for performing computational alanine-scanning mutagenesis (CASM) to guide experiments. While programmes are available for this, there is a need for a real-time web application that is accessible to non-expert users. Results Here, we present BAlaS, an interactive web application for performing CASM via BudeAlaScan and visualizing its results. BAlaS is interactive and intuitive to use. Results are displayed directly in the browser for the structure being interrogated enabling their rapid inspection. BAlaS has broad applications in areas, such as drug discovery and protein-interface design. Availability and implementation BAlaS works on all modern browsers and is available through the following website: https://balas.app. The project is open source, distributed using an MIT license and is available on GitHub (https://github.com/wells-wood-research/balas).
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Gray, Alan, und Kevin Stratford. „A lightweight approach to performance portability with targetDP“. International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications 32, Nr. 2 (21.12.2016): 288–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1094342016682071.
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Leading high performance computing systems achieve their status through use of highly parallel devices such as NVIDIA graphics processing units or Intel Xeon Phi many-core CPUs. The concept of performance portability across such architectures, as well as traditional CPUs, is vital for the application programmer. In this paper we describe targetDP, a lightweight abstraction layer which allows grid-based applications to target data parallel hardware in a platform agnostic manner. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our pragmatic approach by presenting performance results for a complex fluid application (with which the model was co-designed), plus separate lattice quantum chromodynamics particle physics code. For each application, a single source code base is seen to achieve portable performance, as assessed within the context of the Roofline model. TargetDP can be combined with Message Passing Interface (MPI) to allow use on systems containing multiple nodes: we demonstrate this through provision of scaling results on traditional and graphics processing unit-accelerated large scale supercomputers.
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Zheng, Ji, Yanhong Li, Yifei Sang, Ling Xu, Xueling Jin, Yu Tao, Dajin Li und Meirong Du. „Pigment epithelium-derived factor, a novel decidual natural killer cells-derived factor, protects decidual stromal cells via anti-inflammation and anti-apoptosis in early pregnancy“. Human Reproduction 35, Nr. 7 (16.06.2020): 1537–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/humrep/deaa118.
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Abstract STUDY QUESTION What is the role of pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) from decidual natural killer (dNK) cells during early pregnancy? SUMMARY ANSWER PEDF from dNK cells limits the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced apoptosis and inflammation of decidual stromal cells (DSCs) to maintain DSCs homoeostasis and immune balance at the maternal–foetal interface during early pregnancy. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY dNK cells, which secrete PEDF, play critical roles during pregnancy via a series of key regulators. PEDF, a multifunctional endogenous glycoprotein, exhibits a wide range of biological actions upon angiogenesis, inflammation, metabolic homoeostasis, immunomodulation etc., providing potential clinical applications. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Natural killer (NK) cells from decidua and peripheral blood as well as DSCs isolated from normal pregnancy (NP) during the first trimester (6–10 weeks) and the matched patients suffering recurrent miscarriage (RM) were studied. RNA-sequencing analysis of dNK cells was performed to screen for potential key genes involved in RM. The expression of PEDF in dNK cells in NP and RM was examined. A coculture system with LPS-stimulated DSCs and NK cell supernatants derived from NP or RM was established to explore the regulatory mechanisms of PEDF at the maternal–foetal interface. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Peripheral blood and decidual tissues were obtained from women with NP (n = 61) and RM (n = 21). The expression levels of PEDF in NK cells and its receptor (PEDFR) on DSCs were analysed using flow cytometry, western blot and immunohistochemistry. Purified peripheral natural killer (pNK) cells were cocultured with DSCs or trophoblast cells or a combination of both cell types, and PEDF expression in pNK cells was then examined by flow cytometry. DSCs were treated with LPS, an outer-membrane component of Gram-negative bacteria, thereby mimicking an enhanced inflammatory status within decidua, and were cocultured with dNK cell supernatants from NP or RM. In the coculture system, plasmids expressing short hairpin RNA were used to silence PEDFR on DSCs and block the PEDF/PEDFR interaction. Inflammatory cytokines and apoptosis of DSCs treated as described above were assessed by flow cytometry. Western blotting was performed, and the specific signal pathway inhibitors were used to determine downstream PEDF/PEDFR signalling in early decidua. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Markedly higher RNA (P < 0.001) and protein expression of PEDF (P < 0.01) was detected in normal dNK cells when compared with pNK cells. Compared with pNK cells cultured alone, PEDF expression in pNK cells was elevated after coculture with DSCs (P < 0.01) or trophoblast cells (P < 0.001). The increased pro-inflammatory cytokine, tumour necrosis factor-α and apoptosis of DSCs following LPS stimulation were suppressed by recombinant human PEDF (P < 0.001) or the supernatant of dNK cells derived from NP (P < 0.001). However, these effects were somewhat abrogated when the PEDF/PEDFR interaction was blocked with PEDFR short hairpin sRNA (P < 0.01). Furthermore, dNK cell-derived PEDF protected DSCs from LPS-induced inflammation via inhibition of nuclear factor kappa-B activation, while also protecting DSCs from LPS-induced apoptosis via promotion of extracellular signal-regulated kinase expression. Compared with NP, both significantly decreased PEDF RNA (P < 0.001) and protein expression (P < 0.001) in dNK cells, but not in pNK cells (P > 0.05), were detected in women with RM. PEDFR on DSCs was also decreased within RM compared with that within NP (P < 0.001). As a result, dNK cell-mediated anti-inflammation (P < 0.01) and anti-apoptosis (P < 0.05) for protection of LPS-treated DSCs was attenuated in patients suffering from RM. LARGE SCALE DATA N/A. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION We cannot exclude the possibility that the differences in amounts of PEDF and its receptor in tissue from NP versus RM women could be caused by the miscarriage event in women with RM. Our experiments only involved human samples investigated in vitro. Experiments in animal models and human study cohorts are still needed to confirm these findings and further clarify the role of PEDF-PEDFR in NP and/or RM. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate PEDF expression and function at the maternal–foetal interface in the first trimester, providing further evidence that PEDF exhibits functional diversity and has great potential for clinical application(s). The findings of selectively high expression of PEDF in normal dNK cells and the PEDF-mediated role of dNK cells during NP and RM help to further elucidate the immune mechanisms behind RM. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This work was supported by the National Basic Research Programme of China (2017YFC1001403 and 2015CB943300), Nature Science Foundation from National Nature Science Foundation of China (NSFC; 31970859, 81630036, 81501334, 91542116, 31570920, 81490744 and 31171437), the Innovation-oriented Science and Technology Grant from NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (CX2017-2), the Programme of Shanghai Academic/Technology Research Leader (17XD1400900) and the Key Project of Shanghai Basic Research from Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission (STCSM; 12JC1401600). None of the authors has any conflict of interest to declare.
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Hodge, S. J., J. S. Forrest, G. D. Padfield und I. Owen. „Simulating the environment at the helicopter-ship dynamic interface: research, development and application“. Aeronautical Journal 116, Nr. 1185 (November 2012): 1155–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000007545.
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Abstract This paper presents highlights from research conducted at the University of Liverpool to determine suitable fidelity criteria and guidelines for the modelling and simulation of the helicopter-ship dynamic interface environment. The paper begins by describing the characteristics of the helicopter-ship dynamic interface, explaining the motivation behind the research and reviewing the state-of-the-art in dynamic interface simulation. The development of a dynamic interface research environment based on an existing research simulator operated by the University of Liverpool is then described, before key results from a number of piloted simulation experiments are presented. These experiments were specifically designed to address fidelity sensitivity issues, such as, are unsteady airwake models necessary, or can a steady airwake model induce appropriate levels of pilot workload? What influence does the modelled ship geometry, or choice of atmospheric wind conditions have on the airwake model and on pilot workload? Finally, the paper concludes by briefly describing the relevance of these research findings to current and future industry programmes.
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Sidikova, Michaela, Radek Martinek, René Jaros, Jaromir Konecny und Martin Augustynek. „Designing and Testing of the Software Module Evaluation of Visual Acuity for Information System Eye Center“. Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering 41 (April 2019): 117–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jbbbe.41.117.
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The aim of this work was to design and implement the application of visual acuity evaluation for the eye center information system. The application was designed for Android Operating System (OS) and was programmed in Android Studio. This work also deals with the implementation of the application, from the design of the user interface, through the creation and configuration of the project in Android Studio to the functionality of individual screens and connection with the back-end.
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Hu, Jin Hua, Xin Xin Liu, Hui Xue Sun, Zhi Hua Zhu und Bao Hua Li. „Development and Application of Light-Weight Design of the Aluminum Alloy Wheel“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 310 (Februar 2013): 253–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.310.253.
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In order to implement the optimization design for a forging aluminum wheel, the wheel’s structural optimization design software, i.e. DWheel, was developed in this paper. DWheel was programmed based on C# and ANSYS applying the restrained variable-dimension method. The key data interface commands were introduced first. Subsequently, the software was applied on a forging wheel’s structural optimization design. The optimized wheel passed the practical testings successfully.
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Stilla, U., D. Iwaszczuk und R. Pail. „Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing in the MSc Program "ESPACE" at Technische Universitaet Muenchen“. ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences II-6 (14.04.2014): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsannals-ii-6-13-2014.
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ESPACE is an interdisciplinary Master's study programme of Technische Universitaet Muenchen (TUM) positioned at the interface between space technology and the engineering and natural science-based use of satellite data. It combines the technical aspects of the satellite and observation systems with scientific and commercial applications. A core topic beside space engineering and satellite applications engineering is satellite and remote sensing data analysis. This paper explains the background and goals of the Masters's study programme, addresses the target groups and qualification profile, and gives an overview about the specialization fields. The special role of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing is further explained in this context. The structure and embedding of international alliances by a double degree program with Wuhan University is shown.
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Ramakuri, Sravanth K., Premkumar Chithaluru und Sunil Kumar. „Eyeblink Robot Control Using Brain-Computer Interface for Healthcare Applications“. International Journal of Mobile Devices, Wearable Technology, and Flexible Electronics 10, Nr. 2 (Juli 2019): 38–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijmdwtfe.2019070103.
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The human brain is the central organ of the human system. Many people in the world cannot move on their own and can't control things on their own. A person whose brain is active can control things using the neuro-controlled robot car. It is interesting to all types of people to measure their concentration and piece level of mind with the neuro sky mind wave device. One can easily control the robot's movements by simply blinking eyes; the robot's speed will be according to the subject's attention levels. The neuro sky mind wave device digitizes brain wave signals to power the user-interface of the computers, game, and health application. The neuro sky mind wave device will measure brain waves from the forehead. The paper aims to control a robot using the brain-computer interface concept without any muscular activity controlling healthcare applications directions. The brain activity is recorded with the neuro sky mind wave device's help, and the attention values are sent to the Arduino with the help of the HC-05 Bluetooth module. Arduino is programmed so that if the attention values between 0-29 and the person are relaxed, the green light will glow for the feedback.
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Setiabudi, Agung, Hiroki Tamura und Koichi Tanno. „CMOS Temperature Sensor with Programmable Temperature Range for Biomedical Applications“. International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 8, Nr. 2 (01.04.2018): 946. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v8i2.pp946-953.
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<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p class="p1"><span class="s1">A CMOS temperature sensor circuit with programmable temperature range is proposed for biomedical applications. The proposed circuit consists of temperature sensor core circuit and programmable temperature range digital interface circuit. Both circuits are able to be operated at 1.0 V. The proposed temperature sensor circuit is operated in weak inversion region of MOSFETs. The proposed digital interface circuit converts current into time using Current-to-Time Converter (ITC) and converts time to digital data using counter. Temperature range can be programmed by adjusting pulse width of the trigger and clock frequency of counter. The proposed circuit was simulated using HSPICE with 1P, 5M, 3-wells, 0.18-μm CMOS process (BSIM3v3.2, LEVEL53). From the simulation of proposed circuit, temperature range is programmed to be 0 °C to 100 °C, it is obtained that resolution of the proposed circuit is 0.392 °C with -0.89/+0.29 °C inaccuracy and the total power consumption is 22.3 μW in 25 °C.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></p></div></div></div>
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Cox, Christopher M. „Automatic from the people: Uber’s iconic interface and the automation of sociality“. Journal of Digital Media & Policy 10, Nr. 3 (01.09.2019): 255–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jdmp_00002_1.
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This article undertakes a content analysis of the Uber mobile interface as depicted in a patent application for a process that integrates and automates social media information to match potential UberPool riders. As depicted in the patent application, the Uber interface is a critical locus for incorporating social media information and rendering this information usable and palpable for users. By aligning the Uber interface with the communicative and symbolic richness of iconic imagery, I argue for the Uber interface as a juncture for critical abstractions between the manifestation of social interactions appearing to users on the Uber interface and Uber’s techno-economic motivations to shape, configure and guide user enactment of sociality. By designing for simplicity, the Uber interface abstracts between the push-button ease of undertaking sociality and the need to reflect on circumstances giving rise to these prescribed forms of sociality. Through this viewpoint, I specify abstractions between simplified forms of sociality presented to users and Uber techno-economic motivations configuring interfacial sociality, implicating algorithmic objectivity, connective friending and programmed sociality as unseen forces configuring and prescribing social interactions for user engagement.
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Chen, Shou Qiang, Jian Min Zhang und Meng He Zhang. „The Research about Design and Application of the Evaluation System of Constitution in Traditional Chinese Medicine“. Advanced Materials Research 271-273 (Juli 2011): 1086–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.271-273.1086.
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The evaluation system of constitution in Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) is designed by relational-like data base Access, based on interface, function buttons, and menu, designed by VBA language. The system links to office word in order to achieve the automation of the issuance of constitution assessment and healthcare programmes. The design includes four parts, they are, overall design, interface design, evaluation test design and constitution report design. This system shows some advantages, such as simple operation, good stability, low requirements of equipment configuration, vividly visual interface. By analysing information on examinees' lives, their constitutions can accurately be identified, and the reports of the constitutions can be issued. Besides, relative healthcare suggestions are also attached. The convenience of the process is suitable for outpatient services, physical examination centers, and family health, and among which the system can be popularized.