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1
Fourie, Andries J. „Total quality management : middle and top management perceptions of the successful application of a quality management system from a general management, strategic management, quality management and human resources management view“. Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/836.
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Thesis (MBA (Business Management))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.ENGLISH SUMMARY: Total quality management (TQM) can be defined as a systemic approach on a global level, based on process management of continuous quality improvement by all human resources within the business or company environment, with the specific intent to satisfy the implicit expectations of all stakeholders in the specific business environment. Various factors play a role in the active drive towards a quality-driven learning environment. These factors include increasingly changing market forces, changes in customer requirements and the very way in which quality is perceived by the employees within a company. The above statement raises some important questions, such as • What is the quantifiable value of quality, and • Why is it very easily ignored by various companies? The reason for such questions is the significant shift needed in the thought patterns of management, difficulty in abandoning misconceptions about TQM and difficulty in learning from own mistakes and those of others. It seems that the biggest barrier to the implementation of a total quality system is the misconception that quality will immediately be perfect and is a quick solution which is self-sustaining. TQM is, in fact, not a model that is built in concrete, but a journey consisting of sequential steps. As with any staircase, it can only be sustainable if it is solidly founded on factors such as managerial commitment, drive, fairness, motivation and mobilisation of human resources.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Totale gehaltebestuur word gedefinieer as ‘n sistemiese metode op ‘n globale vlak, gebaseer op die bestuur van deurlopende gehalteverbetering deur al die menslike hulpbronne binne 'n onderneming, dit wil sê die sake- of maatskappy-omgewing, met die spesifieke oogmerk om aan die implisiete verwagtinge van die aandeelhouers in die onderneming (besigheidsomgewing) te voldoen. Daar is verskeie faktore wat 'n rol speel in die aktiewe strewe na ‘n kwaliteitsgedrewe leeromgewing. Hierdie faktore behels onder meer die voortdurend veranderende markkragte, veranderinge in die verwagtings van kliënte, en die kwaliteitsbeskouing van die werkers binne ‘n maatskappy. Bogenoemde ontlok belangrike vrae, soos • Hoe word die meetbare waarde van kwaliteit bepaal, en • waarom word dit so maklik deur ondernemings geïgnoreer? Hierdie soort bevraagtekening is 'n aanduiding dat daar ‘n merkbare en betekenisvolle gedagteskuif by bestuur nodig is ten opsigte van hul beskouing van gehalte, dat wanbegrippe oor totale gehaltebestuur verander moet word, en dat probleme in verband met die leer van lesse uit eie foute en dié van ander oorbrug sal moet word. Die grootste probleem ten opsigte van die ontwikkeling van ‘n totale gehaltebestuurstelsel, is die wanpersepsie dat gehalte meteens foutloos sal wees, dat dit ‘n vinnige oplossing is en dat dit selfonderhoudend sal wees. Totale gehaltebestuur is nie ‘n model wat, by wyse van spreke, in beton gegiet is nie, maar ‘n proses met opeenvolgende stappe. Soos met enige stel "trappe", kan dit net volhoubaar wees as dit ‘n sterk fundering het, wat gerugsteun word deur bestuursbetrokkenheid en - deursettingsvermoë, dryfkrag, regverdigheid, motivering en die mobilisasie van die werksmag.
2
Bibrová, Veronika. „Využití controllingu v podniku“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-444223.
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This master´s thesis deals with the analysis of the use of controlling in a selected company. It is divided into three parts, the first part contains the theoretical knowledge about controlling needed to process the analytical and design part of the thesis. The second part is focused on the analysis of the current state of controlling in a selected company. In the last, third part of the diploma thesis, is the results of the analysis of the current state of controlling in the selected company. These are summarized and have possible solutions to improve the controlling system in the company.
3
Rozenes, Shai. „Multidimensional project control system“. Thesis, Coventry University, 2004. http://curve.coventry.ac.uk/open/items/462120e8-7a38-a662-149a-8d8320ba4cf4/1.
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Project control systems often fail to support management in achieving their global project goals. This thesis proposes a Multidimensional Project Control System (MPCS) as an approach for quantifying deviations from the planning phase to the execution phase with respect to the global project control specification (GPCS). The projects' current state must be translated into yield terms, which are expressed as a gap vector that represents the multidimensional deviation from the global project control specification. The MPCS methodology allows the project manager to determine: integrated project status; where problems exist in the project; when and where to take corrective action; and how to measure improvement. However, implementing the MPCS methodology does not require extra data collation. MPCS deals with the control of a single project and defines the project performances in comparison with the plan. The progression of several projects in parallel is a common situation in organizations, therefore a comparison of the various project performances is required. It is proposed that a comparison process be performed using the data envelope analysis (DEA) approach. The reference points for examining the performances of different projects and the directions of improvement for the projects are not necessarily found on the efficiency frontier. An algorithm is developed for applying multi-project system control having a relatively large number of inputs and outputs while maintaining the validity of the DEA methodology. The DEA output allows the diagnosis of those found on the efficiency frontier and those that need improvement.
4
Liang, Guowei. „The automatic product management system (APMS): Integrated business process management for a small business application“. Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6114.
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The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the business management process for small to medium size enterprises (SMEs) and to develop an automated product management system for integrated business processing. Due to the relatively small scale of operation of these companies, they experience difficulties in applying readily available tools in the area of product management. The target of the analysis is to develop a prototype software system for automatic product management. Moreover, this software developed for this thesis is applied to a real business case---that of Inshore Fisheries, a small scale integrated fishing operation in Atlantic Canada. The system consists of six components that are grouped into two categories of input and output analysis. The Input category includes production operations and customer ordering. The Output category includes four performance reports: (1) order invoices, (2) production worksheets, (3) inventory tracking, and (4) periodic income statements. The entire system is implemented using Visual Basic 6.0. The database is designed using Microsoft Access. The four performance reports in the output are designed using Microsoft Excel spreadsheets. Furthermore, a GUI integrates all components together to form a complete business processing system. Based on the results of the application of this system to Inshore Fisheries, this software solution can be applied to other SMEs by making specific modifications but without revising the basic principle and system design of the software system. This system possesses a great amount of flexibility and extendibility for practical business process decision-making.
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Masri, Maher H. „The efficacy of budgets as a management control system“. Thesis, This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-08222009-040421/.
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Becher, Michael. „Integrated capacity and price control in Revenue Management a fuzzy system approach“. Wiesbaden Gabler, 2007. http://d-nb.info/986403490/04.
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Rodrigues, Alexandre G. „The application of system dynamics to project management : an integrated methodology“. Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2000. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=25352.
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Over the last decades, project management has become increasingly important for social progress. As projects are the vehicle to implement change, "management by projects" has become the current way of living of many organisations. Since the project management discipline first merged in the early 1920s, a wide collection of processes, tools and techniques has been developed. This traditional approach to project management has been focusing on the operational issues. However, problems of systemic nature have been emerging, where the many various interactions among human and social factors determine behaviour. The traditional approach is not aimed at addressing these issues. System Dynamics (SD) modelling has emerged with considerable success to analyse these systemic issues in social systems. A number of past applications to project management suggests that SD is effective in addressing these issues. However, it has been used in isolation from the traditional project management process. This research proposes that it is beneficial to integrate SD within this process. The author has investigated the potential distinctive roles of SD, and has developed a formal integrated methodology. Following an exhaustive review of past applications, a conceptual integrated framework was developed. This framework was refined through tentative applications within a large-scale software intensive project, for the period of 18 months. The formal integration of SD has proven beneficial. As a result, a formal System Dynamics-based Project-management Integrated Methodology (SYDPIM) was developed. SYDPIM comprises two main methods. The project management method articulates the use of a SD project model within the modified project management process, while formally linked with a PERT/CPM model. The model development method provides a structured framework to support the development and validation of SD project models. Practical applications of SYDPIM undertaken within the fieldwork project are here described. The more important future developments are identified and discussed.
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Beck, Andrew David Bradridge. „The measurement and control of service from a physical distribution system“. Thesis, Imperial College London, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/47768.
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9
Brady, Terrance Clifford. „Improved classified material control through the application of a database management system“. Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/28276.
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Mouton, Corne. „The Sustainability Management Control System: Factors to Consider in Metric Conceptualization“. ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3569.
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The performance metrics embedded in sustainability management control systems (SMCS) provide organizational leaders the ability to affect the implementation and continual improvement of sustainability strategies. Leaders in oil sands companies lacking adequate information on the efficacy of the sustainability performance metrics and their use to enhance their SMCS could be at a competitive disadvantage. Guided by stakeholder theory, the purpose of this single case study was to explore strategies Alberta-based oil sands company leaders use for critical planning, developing, and implementing SMCS performance metrics. The target population comprised of 20 oil sands company leaders from an Alberta, Canada, organization who had experience with sustainability and SMCS performance metrics. Data collection occurred through face-to-face, semistructured interviews. Participant observation and document review were secondary data sources. Data were open coded and organized into categories with supporting software to identify patterns and prevalent themes. Member checking was employed to validate themes and strengthened the trustworthiness of interpretations. Findings suggested the importance of organization strategy and leadership, SMCS maturity development, stakeholder influence, management review, and performance metric definition and data. These key factors could assist oil sands company leaders to influence social change by assuring effective and efficient management control to improve sustainability performance and sustainability strategy integration, reduce operational risk to physical assets, and enhance employee health and safety.
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Sanyal, Chiranjib. „Development of a web based inventory management system for a small retail business“. [Denver, Colo.] : Regis University, 2005. http://165.236.235.140/lib/CSanyal2005.pdf.
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Muhamad, Mohd Razali. „The application of quality function deployment principles in manufacturing system design“. Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318262.
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Allen, Mary Kay. „The development of an artificial intelligence system for inventory management using multiple experts /“. The Ohio State University, 1986. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487266691094494.
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Jain, Radhika. „Business Process Integration: A Socio-Cognitive Process Model and a Support System“. Digital Archive @ GSU, 2006. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/cis_diss/8.
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A major challenge to achieving business process agility is the fragmentation of business processes, especially in organizations with semiautonomous business units. This fragmentation manifests itself in the form of diversified business processes performing similar activities. To address this challenge and achieve synergies across business units, processes should be integrated. Extant research on business process management has not paid much attention to such integration. Motivated by this concern, the primary objectives of my research are: “1) to understand how integration of similar business processes is achieved by semiautonomous business units and 2) to develop a process modeling support system that can help find similarities among business process models to aid process designers and to empirically evaluate its effectiveness in supporting process modeling activities.” I use a two-phased approach to address above objectives. In the first phase, I draw upon the analytic concept of frames of reference to develop a socio-cognitive process model to understand cognitive processes of stakeholders involved in the business process integration. This is done by analyzing the shifts in frame salience and frame congruence to enable the development of common-yet-tailorable business process. Data collection was conducted at ManCo, a Fortune 500 manufacturing company that had undertaken a process integration initiative in its multi-billion dollar supply chain across its five business units. Using qualitative data analysis, I identify four frame domains. Shifts in the frame salience and congruence highlight how, through a series of events, process stakeholders bring about integration. Frames domains identified in phase 1 highlight how individual business units’ perceptions differ. The use of diverse terminologies to refer to similar concepts added to the inability of process designers to reuse existing process models. These observations motivated the design research conducted in the second phase. I develop a prototype system, BPSimilar, which helps users to retrieve semantically similar process models. The approach to retrieve process models combines structural and semantic similarity-matching. The need for such a mechanism to speed up the model development was suggested by the case study. The effectiveness of BPSimilar for improving performance of users is evaluated in a qualitative study using verbal protocol analysis.
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Scott, Jenifer M. B. „The application of artificial neural networks to the control of a road traffic monitoring system“. Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.248623.
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This thesis describes the development of a new Road Traffic Monitoring (RTM) system designed by a team at the University of Aberdeen, to provide low cost traffic monitoring that maintains the privacy of the driver and provides high quality traffic data for the authorities. The RTM system communicates with vehicles equipped with satellite transceivers attached to Global Positioning System (GPS) units which provide data about position and velocity, enabling a picture to be built up of traffic flow conditions. The author developed an innovative system to maintain the anonymity of the driver in order for the system to be attractive to both authorities and drivers. The thesis focuses on the author's contribution to the project - the design of the major protocols, including polling and 'system wide' strategies, an in-depth study of the statistics of the capacity of the RTM system and the development of a protocol to limit the number of responses from vehicles to a manageable level. The RTM system was implemented as a simulation and all designed protocols and parameters thoroughly tested. It is currently being used by the European Space Agency in a pilot study as the first phase of implementation. The author then envisaged an intelligent control system that would monitor and control the RTM system in real time, optimising parameters dynamically in order for the system to run efficiently and accurately. A hybrid 'Artificial Intelligence' (AI) system composed of a rule based system and a number of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) is proposed. A new rule extraction system developed by the author to counter the 'black box' effect of ANNs is then presented, making use of a hierarchical system of Self Organising Maps (SOMs). Following this, an extension to the system is described, using the Quantisation Error (QE) to enable the real time detection of 'unusual' data, or data from outwith the current operating environment, enabling retraining or the return to a previous control situation, to take place. Such a system of ANNs is ideal for use in both monitoring and control of a dynamic real time system such as RTM.
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Gardner, Jeffrey Morgan. „The application of the theory of constraints at Middelburg ferrochrome to determine the expansion capacity of the inbound raw material logistics system“. Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85170.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2004.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: With the demand for ferrochrome increasing, Middelburg Ferrochrome is considering various capacity expansion opportunities. One of the proposed expansions would entail the construction of a pelletising and sintering facility on the site. During the feasibility study, a study was necessitated to verify if the inbound raw material logistics system at Middelburg Ferrochrome would be able to accommodate the additional raw material required for the pelletising and sintering facility. The objective of this study was to validate if the existing raw materials system is indeed capable of accommodating the additional demand placed on it by the addition of a pelletising and sintering plant at Middelburg Ferrochrome. This will be analysed with the use of the Theory of Constraints. In the study project, an overview of the principles of the Theory of Constraints is presented. An integral part of the Theory of Constraints is the Five Focussing Step process. This process was applied to the existing inbound raw materials logistics system at MFC, in an effort to maximise the raw material processing capability of the system. The methodology that was used to verify whether the inbound raw materials logistics system was capable of handling the additional raw materials involved the construction of a simulation model that was representative of the operation of the existing system. Measurements that were required to assess the performance of the system relative to its goal were defined. The performance of the existing raw materials system was assessed by subjecting the results of the simulation to the defined measures. The simulation model was then adapted to include the pelletising and sintering facility and the increased raw material requirements were introduced to the adapted model. The performance of the future system was then assessed in the same way as the existing system. The benefits that were derived from the application of the Five Focussing Steps were introduced to the adapted simulation model and the simulation results were then reassessed according to the defined measures. Key findings of the study were that through the application of the Five Focussing Steps the processing capability of the inbound raw materials logistics system could be increased. Only with the inclusion of benefits derived from the application of the Five Focussing Steps would the inbound raw materials logistics system at Middelburg Ferrochrome be capable of meeting the additional demand placed on it by the introduction of a pelletising and sintering facility at the site.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: ‘n Toename in die vraag na ferrochroom het tot gevolg dat Middelburg Ferrocrome (MFC) verskeie kapasiteit-uitbreidingsgeleenthede oorweeg. Een van die voorgestelde uitbreidings behels die konstruksie van ‘n pelletisering- en sinteraanleg. Hierdie voorstel se lewensvatbaarheidstudie het onder meer behels dat die bestaande logistieke stelsel wat Middelburg Ferrocrome se inkomende grondstowwe hanteer, ontleed moes word. Die doel van die analise was om te bepaal of die bestaande logistieke stelsel in staat sou wees om die addisionele grondstowwe, benodig vir die pelletisering- en sinteraanleg, te hanteer. Die doelwit van hierdie studie is om vas te stel of die vermoë van die huidige grondstofstelsel in staat is om die addisionele las van die voorgestelde Middelburg Ferrocrome pelletisering- en sinteraanleg te kan hanteer. Dit word met die behulp van die "Theory of Constraints" ondersoek. ’n Oorsig van die beginsels van die “Theory of Constraints” word in hierdie studie weergegee. ’n Integrale deel van die “Theory of Constraints” is die Vyf Fokus Stappe proses. Met hierdie studie is die Vyf Fokus Stappe proses toegepas op die inkomende grondstof logistieke stelsel van MFC ten einde die grondstof proseseringskapasiteit van die stelsel te maksimeer. Die metodologie wat gevolg is om te bepaal of die inkomende grondstof logistieke stelsel die vermoë het om die addisionele grondstoflas te hanteer, het die konstruksie van ’n simulasie model wat die bedryfskondisies van die bestaande stelsel naboots, behels. Die huidige logistieke stelsel se inset waardes is geïdentifiseer en in die simulasie model ingevoer ten einde die model se akkuraatheid te verifieer. Die simulasie model is hierna aangepas om die voorgestelde pelletisering- en sinteraanleg in te sluit. Die werkverrigting van die voorgestelde stelsel is hierna op dieselfde wyse as die bestaande stelsel geëvalueer. Die voordele wat uit die toepassing van die Vyf Fokus Stappe afgelei is, is by die aangepaste simulasie model bygevoeg waarna die simulasie resultate herevalueer is. Die hoof bevindings wat tydens die studie gemaak is, is dat die inkomende grondstof logistieke stelsel se kapasiteit wel deur die toepassing van die Vyf Fokus Stappe verhoog kan word. Daar is verder gevind dat die bestaande inkomende grondstof logistieke stelsel wel die addisionele las van ‘n pelletisering- en sinteraanleg kan hanteer, maar slegs indien die voordele wat uit die toepassing van die Vyf Fokus Stappe verkry word, ingesluit word.
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Beach, R. „An investigation into the application of computerised production and stock control in medium sized manufacturing companies“. Thesis, Leeds Beckett University, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.384624.
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Over the last two decades many manufacturing organisations have attempted to adopt computer technology in an endeavour to improve operational control, yet successful installations continue to be the exception rather than the rule. This thesis examines, by way of a two phase case study, the process of implementing computer technology in a small/medium sized organisation. In the first phase of the case study the implementation of an established proprietary stock control system is described. Previous attempts by the collaborating company's management to implement this system had failed and the author examines the probable cause of the organisation's initial difficulties. With the successful completion of phase one the thesis continues by describing the creation and implementation of a strategy for the development of an integrated management information system. A omprehensive 'state of the art' survey of Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) theory is included which examines in detail the feasibility of adopting the CIM philosophy in a small/medium sized organisation. This is followed by a description of the practical application of this theory at the collaborating company and the creation of a bespoke integrated management information system. The thesis concludes by assimilating the conclusions and observations from this and the previous phase of the case study and presents a methodology to assist manufacturing organisations in the development of their own CIM environment
18
Azapagic, Adisa. „Environmental system analysis : the application of linear programming to life cycle assessment. Volume 1“. Thesis, University of Surrey, 1996. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/2146/.
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Chau, Wan-hin Derek, und 鄒允軒. „Modeling and solving decentralized supply chain management problems using multi-agent system with dynamic-control agents“. Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/208622.
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Managing large scale supply chains are never an easy task. Numerous researches have put emphasis on supply chain modeling and optimization to assist businesses in searching for the best practices so as to endure the extremely competitive business landscape. To some, the paradigm of centralized supply chain management is adequate for solving its strategic and operational problems. Yet with the improper use of authoritative assumptions, the efficiency of the management process is often jeopardized. Furthermore, current researches in decentralized supply chain are mostly focused on dyadic or linear relationship and seldom consider quantitative modeling and analysis with scalability. Recent development in multi-agent systems provided a means for such a modeling methodology and hence researches in this area. To enhance model representativeness and computational efficiency, vision-based control models that are able to simulate individual operational and strategic traits are developed. In this research, pyramidal agent alignment is proposed for simulating the management-operation dimension with regards to decision exercising and bargaining power management. The system offers one thousand supply chain agents that are simulated in a mono-layer, multi-tier network in real time. Stochastic and dynamic behaviors of the network are handled by statistical regression on scenario-based model evaluation. The proposed design enabled grand scale supply chain modeling and optimization that follows a general or custom simulation supported optimization architecture. Network governance problems and dynamic steering problems are considered and solved using genetic algorithm and dynamic programming. The thesis looks into the potential benefits and limitations of the proposed methods in details, and future research directions are discussed.published_or_final_version
Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
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McClain, Lewis Robert. „Design-Build Interoperability and Conceptual Design and Development of a Design-Build Management Control System“. Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/14633.
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The design-build construction industry has recognized the advantages of a collaborative contracting method; however it has yet to create information systems that can truly support the industry. Many software applications have been created to assist the Design-Builder; however no software provider has created an application that can completely manage the design-build process from beginning to end. Although some software providers have attempted to integrate data between various project management activity modules (estimating, scheduling, accounting, etc), no software provider has resolved the need to integrate data between both project management activity modules and the various phases of the design-build life cycle. The advancements of the design-build industry method of contracting will never be fully achieved until an information system is designed to specifically support the industry. This paper details the conceptual development of a management control system designed to not only integrate data among various project management activities modules but also to integrate data between all phases of the design-build project life cycle.
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Martin, Johansson, und Göthager Mikael. „Which Management Control System principles and aspects are relevant when deploying a learning machine?“ Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för industriell ekonomi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-15373.
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How shall a business adapt its management control systems when learning machines enter the arena? Will the control system continue to focus on humans aspects and continue to consider a learning machine to be an automation tool as any other historically programmed computer? Learning machines introduces productivity capabilities that achieve very high levels of efficiency and quality. A learning machine can sort through large amounts of data and make conclusions difficult by a human mind. However, as learning machines become even more complex systems, they introduce an uncertainty not previously considered by automation tools. The algorithms can make their own associations, and the automation engineer will no longer know exactly how a learning machine produces its outcome. What is the motive for a learning machine’s decision? A learning machine in this context becomes more human-like compared to the older generation of automation computers. This thesis concludes that most contemporary Management Control System principles are relevant when deploying machine learning, but some are not. A Management Control System must in contradiction to a historically programmed computer, consider multiple human-like aspects while controlling a deployed learning machine. These conclusions are based on empirical data from web-articles, TED-talks, literature and questionnaires directed to contemporary companies using machine learning within their organizations.
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Yung, King Stanley. „Application of multi-agent technology to supply chain management /“. Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21852170.
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Li, Tieyu. „Systems Theoretic Accident Model and Process application : quality control in medical device manufacturing“. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/90689.
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Thesis: S.M. in Engineering and Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, System Design and Management Program, June 2013.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. "September 2012."
Includes bibliographical references (pages 102-103).
The goal of medical device industry is to provide patients and healthcare professionals effective, reliable, safe and affordable products. However, due to the dynamic and competitive operation and business environment, most manufacturers did not always attain this goal. It is a challenge to balance the demands of meeting government regulations and containing production costs, in an effort to produce the most effective, reliable and safest medical devices. The increasing complexity on product structures, production process and usage context make this task even more formidable. The increase in serious adverse events has outpaced industry growth by 8 % since 2001[1], which reflects the insufficiency of traditional quality control measures. The disastrous consequences of quality hazards usually have profound impact on customers, manufacturers, and communities. Therefore, it is imperative to look for a better way to achieve effective quality control in medical device industry. The purpose of the thesis is to compare the traditional quality control measures, which are now widely adopted in quality systems of medical device industry for designing and development, process control and non-conformance handling, with the approach of Systems Theoretic Accident Model and Process (STAMP) based System-Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA) method. Through the case study on real quality issue in manufacturing control, this work analyzes the current states of complex manufacturing process controls that are designed by utilizing traditional principles and tools, and demonstrates the improvement after the STPA techniques was applied to the same cases. The advantages of STPA technique is to model the process to system control structure without oversimplifying any possible influencing factors, and then examine the links an interaction among these factors to reveal what constraints need to be installed and are followed to ensure that the system performs in safe zone and deliver the expected outcomes. This approach can effectively reveal hidden defects and dangers in system that the traditional measures are not able to detect, and thus is very helpful to the high-stake industry such as medical device manufacturing to prevent potential serious adverse events and protect patients from injuries caused by accidents of quality hazards.
by Tieyu Li.
S.M. in Engineering and Management
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Al-Abdullah, R. J. M. „A study of the Iraq uniform accounting system with special reference to its application in the cement industry“. Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.355347.
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This thesis has been divided into two volumes: volume I contains the main body of the thesis ( chapters 1-10) and volume II contains appendices. Volume I can he divided into two parts. The first emphasises that: 1- uniformity is in general better than diversity and this may be done by offering a general examination of the concept of uniformity in the accounting literature and arguing, especially for a developing country situation, that the other approach, i.e. the U.K. and U.S.A. accounting system, is significantly irrelavent. 2- Uniformity has been applied in different environments, thUS, the environmental factors of uniformity in three countries ( i.e. West Germany, France and the Soviet Union) are discussed in order to show that uniformity has been applied in different economic and political atmospheres. The second part examines a developing country's attempt ( i.e. Iraq) to apply uniformity. It is argued, that although uniformity in Iraq has certain favourable environmental factors (e.g. central planning) there are [ major weaknesses in the uniform accounting system especially in the area of cost control system which is of paramount importance for satisfying macro and micro requirements in a centrally planned economy, and that unless fundamental changes are made to this area of accounting within the uniform accounting system the whole advantages of uniformity at the micro and macro levels will not be materialised.
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Li, Danli, und Aaron Flores. „Management Control System for Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises: A Case Study in Sweden“. Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för ekonomistyrning och logistik (ELO), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-76309.
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Background: The number of small and medium-sized enterprises has been increasing and has gradually become the main part of economic development over years. However, it is challenging for them to compete in the fast-changing business environment, especially with the changing demands of their stakeholders. In order to control and improve business processes, Management Control System is important for monitoring each process while Performance Measurement System, as an essential part, is a good way of managing goals and targets and help companies improve. Since the business process is closely related to stakeholders, it is necessary to study how small and medium-sized enterprises manage their stakeholders’ expectations to improve their use of performance measurements and control business processes. Findings: We have selected two small and medium-sized enterprises in Kronoberg County in Sweden for our case study. We have found that our research model based on literature is well explained more in detail in practice. Based on the literature, we identify that key stakeholders for small and medium-sized enterprises are basically primary stakeholders, including customers, suppliers, employees, owners/shareholders and community. Performance Measurement System can be used and developed by managing these stakeholders’ expectations. After collecting empirical data, we have discovered that competitors or other companies have an impact on the use of Performance Measurement System as well. Small and medium-sized enterprises also have several important stakeholders to consider and they try to develop and improve Performance Measurement System by managing their stakeholders’ expectations from different perspectives. Results: It is important for small and medium-sized enterprises to find out what their main stakeholders are first before they can manage their expectations. After identifying key stakeholders, different aspects of these stakeholders need to be considered. For instance, employees’ capability of working need to be measured and they have a big impact on Performance Measurement System use and development, especially in small and medium-sized enterprises. Suppliers and customers situations need to be considered since they may come from different regions or countries where there are political issues. Therefore, risks of doing business require enterprises to be flexible and react quickly. Managing these aspects regarding stakeholders is crucial for developing and improving Performance Measurement System in small and mediumsized enterprises.
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Zemanovičová, Monika. „Řízení informačních toků využíváním systému Business Intelligence ve vybrané firmě“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-224861.
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This diploma thesis proposes usage of Business Intelligence tools in the chosen company. It considers the costs for installing, assesses the economic benefits and based on the analysis, it proposes appropriate solutions to the currently unsatisfactory situation in the company.
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Norman, Grant. „A comparative analysis of the pre-1996 marketing control board system and the post-1996 free market system, with reference to the South African fruit and vegetable industry“. Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/4579.
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Thesis (MBA (Business Management))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This research report is a comparative analysis of the pre-1996 marketing control board system and the post-1996 free market system in the fruit and vegetable industry in South Africa. The report investigates and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of both systems and their effect on the stakeholders of the industry. The control boards had both positive and negative effects on the producer within the fruit and vegetable industry. The free market system is currently also having an effect, both positive and negative, on the producer. In this research report these divergent effects are explored, the objective being to obtain a better understanding of their impact on the industry stakeholders. On reaching a clearer understanding, strategy recommendations have been designed and are presented for all producers operating within the fruit and vegetable industry. The fresh produce industry is large, with many stakeholders. The information potentially available is vast, but, given the fact that time was too limited to do a complete research study on the entire industry, it was decided to focus on four sectors of the industry, namely bananas, deciduous fruit, citrus and potatoes. To give the report more credibility in terms of the data acquired, a number of interviews were conducted with producers and producer organisation leaders, from whom first-hand, ground level information was obtained. In this research it was found, among other things, that in general there was an imbalance in both the producer and consumer surplus in South Africa. Despite regulation, the marketing control boards had, through the pooling of prices, provided benefits only to certain producers. This, in effect, meant that quality improvement was largely negated, as the return to the producer did not provide an incentive to produce a better quality product. Contrary to the control board system, the free market system provides industry stakeholders with many opportunities, while the role of producers is also evolving to incorporate aspects of marketing. Producers consider service excellence, and culture and diversity to be important. Furthermore, in terms of available channels for marketing, many producers view the fresh produce markets as a desirable means of marketing their produce, as these outlets are still considered to be the price-determining mechanism for the fresh produce industry.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie navorsingsverslag is 'n vergelykende studie van die bemarkingsbeheerraadstelsel voor 1996 en die vryemarkstelsel ná 1996 in die vrugte- en groentebedryf in Suid-Afrika. Die verslag ondersoek en bespreek die voor- en nadele van albei stelsels en hul uitwerking op die bedryf se belangegroepe. Die beheerrade het ’n positiewe sowel as negatiewe uitwerking op die produsent in die vrugte- en groentebedryf gehad. Die vryemarkstelsel het tans ook ’n positiewe sowel as negatiewe uitwerking op die produsent. Hierdie uiteenlopende gevolge word in hierdie navorsingsverslag verken om só ’n beter begrip van die impak daarvan op die bedryf se belanghebbers te verkry. Strategie-aanbevelings is op grond van groter begrip ontwerp en aan produsente in die vrugte- en groentebedryf voorgelê. Varsprodukte is die grootste bedryf in vrugte- en groentebedryf, en daar is talle belangegroepe. Die inligtingsmoontlikhede is enorm, maar gegewe die feit dat tyd te beperk was om ’n volledige navorsingstudie van die hele bedryf te onderneem, is daar besluit om vier sektore te beklemtoon, naamlik piesangs, sagtevrugte, sitrus en aartappels. Om die verslag meer geloofwaardigheid te gee ten opsigte van die data wat verkry is, is ’n aantal onderhoude met produsente en die leiers van produsentorganisasies gevoer om eerstehandse, voetsoolvlakinligting te bekom. Die verslag het onder meer bevind dat daar oor die algemeen ’n wanbalans in die produsente- sowel as verbruikersurplus in Suid-Afrika is. Die bemarkingsbeheerrade het ondanks regulasie voordele slegs aan sekere produsente gebied deur die saampot van pryse. Dit het in werklikheid beteken dat gehalteverbetering grootliks ontken is omdat die opbrengs nie die produsent aangespoor het om die gehalte van hul produkte te verbeter nie. Die vryemarkstelsel bied, in teenstelling met die beheerraadstelsel, talle geleenthede aan die bedryf se belangegroepe terwyl die rol van produsente ook ontwikkel word om aspekte van bemarking te inkorporeer. Produsente beskou voortreflike diens, en kultuur en diversiteit as belangrik. Daarby beskou produsente die varsproduktemark, wat een van die beskikbare bemarkingskanale is, as ’n wenslike manier om hul produkte te bemark omdat dié afsetpunt steeds as die prysbepalende meganisme vir die varsproduktebedryf gesien word.
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Harvey, Howarth. „Scheduling and control activities in industrial manufacturing system frameworks : a structured empirical investigation into current practice by make-to-order small to medium enterprises“. Thesis, University of Sunderland, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.242132.
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Björk, Ann, und Malin Sjöstrand. „MANAGEMENT CONTROL SYSTEMS: THE RECIPE FOR STRATEGIC VISUALIZATION : - ONE CASE AND TWO CONTROL SYSTEMS; BALANCED SCORECARD AND TABLEAU DE BORD“. Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-155725.
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Abstract Purpose: The aim of this thesis is to contribute to a richer understanding of the two management control systems, Balanced Scorecard (BSC) and Tableau de Bord (TDB), and their ability to function in a real life setting, as an important element for efficiently support organization’s strategy. Design/Methodology/Approach: A case study, containing Company A, was executed through a qualitative approach with the intention to connect the theories, the control systems BSC and TDB, to a real life setting. The empirical findings are mainly based upon information collected through semi-structured interviews. Findings: The BSC is perceived as strict and controlling in its nature and as primarily establishing facts, while the TDB enhances communication with an educational intention. Regardless of the numerous of advantages the use of a TDB would entail, the current structure of Company A, with its hierarchical approach, resists its implementation. Theory, together with the employee’s desire, might imply TDB as the optimal alternative for supporting the strategy, however, the reality of Company A, with the directors of the board as monitors and decision-makers, suggests the use of a BSC. As a result of the correlation between the choice of MCS and the ideology of an organization, BSC will continue to be perceived as the optimal practice within Company A as long as the top-down approach remains. Whether the theory or the reality is to decide which control system to be used is for the organization to determine. Regardless of the organization’s choice of control system, advantages will emerge if a genuine implementation is completed in close connection to the theoretical framework. Research Limitations: The thesis intends to investigate the connection between control system and strategy, however, without providing any explicit theoretical framework regarding strategy. Nor will the strategic content of Company A be further analyzed. The small sample limits the ability to provide any general conclusions, however, similarities and parallels can be drawn and associated to related situations. Practical Implications: The thesis is mainly concerned with highlighting the practical relevance of the theories employed. Further Research: The TDB practice will require a more developed acknowledgment beyond its domestic origin before it can be recognized among organizations as a valid alternative to the BSC. In order for the BSC to continue being perceived as a respected control system, there is a need of a continued development of the theory in correspondence to the rapid changes in the business environment, which in turn would allow for greater flexibility in its use. Further, there is a need to emphasize the importance for organizations to involve their employees in open dialogue, which would ensure more precise information when implementing a BSC. This applies to both internal and external information.
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Sandoval, Marcelo. „Electric vehicle-intelligent energy management system for frequency regulation application using a distributed, prosumer-based grid control architecture“. Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/47708.
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The world faces the unprecedented challenge of the need change to a new energy era. The introduction of distributed renewable energy and storage together with transportation electrification and deployment of electric and hybrid vehicles, allows traditional consumers to not only consume, but also to produce, or store energy.
The active participation of these so called "prosumers", and their interactions may have a significant impact on the operations of the emerging smart grid. However, how these capabilities should be integrated with the overall system operation is unclear.
Intelligent energy management systems give users the insight they need to make informed decisions about energy consumption. Properly implemented, intelligent energy management systems can help cut energy use, spending, and emissions.
This thesis aims to develop a consumer point of view, user-friendly, intelligent energy management system that enables vehicle drivers to plan their trips, manage their battery pack and under specific circumstances, inject electricity from their plug-in vehicles to power the grid, contributing to frequency regulation.
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Lao, Son Kai John. „A study of the business value of IT general control activities“. Thesis, University of Macau, 2009. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2147583.
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Nonxuba, Adminicar Ntombekaya. „The application of total quality management within small and medium enterprises“. Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1212.
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Thesis (MTech (Quality)) -- Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2010Since 1996, the South African clothing and textile industries have been under tremendous pressure to improve the competitiveness of the industry. Various attempts to save the industry have been considered by both industry and Government. The attempts included the introduction of quotas with the aim to limit imports, the formulation of clusters, and improving the value chain between the clothing manufacture textile companies and the clothing retail companies. More specific, focus was leveled at the improvement of the industry’s productivity and quality management systems. In spite of these efforts, sectors of the South African clothing and textile industries are closing down. Although the clothing and textile industries are experiencing a decline in large companies, there has been a steady increase in the number of emerging Small Medium Enterprises (SME’s) commonly referred to as CMT’s (Cut Make and Trims) within the context of the clothing industry. The research question which was researched within the ambit of this dissertation read as follows: What actions are required for Total Quality Management (TQM) to be successful implemented within South African clothing manufacturing SME’s?” The objective of this research was to determine what challenges are facing South African clothing manufacturing SME’s, and the reasons for the lack of successful implementation of TQM systems within the South African clothing manufacturing SME’s. Furthermore, to determine if there is a relationship between the planning behavior of SME’s and lack of TQM implementation and to what extent the accreditation process impact upon TQM implementations within SME’s. The survey conducted within SME’s provided positive feedback with respect to quality processes being followed. In spite of this the following challenges were identified: The lack of employee involvement in decision-making, miscommunication between management and employees, and the dissatisfaction of employees.
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Chaussée, Laury, und Marine Foray. „Understanding the Management Control System Used by Hybrid Companies : A Case Study of IKEA and MIO“. Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-148440.
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Due to the globalization, companies have to review their strategy permanently. In the same way, they need to choose the right management control system which will be in line with their strategy. Recent research has been made and it was highlighted that new strategies have been created to face up to the globalization and stay competitive. One of the new strategies is called “hybrid strategy”. It consists of combining the low-cost competitive advantage with the differentiation competitive advantage. By doing that, a company differentiates itself from its competitors with a special feature and, by the same time, has the lowest cost in its market. This new strategy came after the three generic strategies from Porter, which explains that a company needs to choose a competitive advantage if it wants to be profitable. The competitive advantages are either low-cost or differentiation. Most of the research made about the hybrid strategy was about the efficiency of this strategy. A very few research was made about the management of companies using the hybrid strategy. This is why in this paper, we would like to understand what kind of management control companies using this strategy have, more particularly do they use more a tight or a loose control. We also are looking at what kind of objectives companies using hybrid strategies have. If it is more a short-term or a long- term perspective and if it is more focused on monetary goals or non-monetary goals. For that, we compared the management control implemented in a hybrid company with the management controlled implemented in a low-cost company in Sweden. Four interviews were made at IKEA and MIO, which are two Swedish furniture companies in Sweden. To be able to draw a conclusion, we choose one hybrid company and one pure company to compare them. IKEA is the company using the hybrid strategy. These interviews gave us a lot of information to better understand the type of management control both companies have implemented. Then, the data were analyzed and discussed in order to highlight a potential conclusion. The gathered data suggest that hybrid companies and companies using a low-cost strategy have approximately the same management control system which is more tight control. About the objectives, both companies have the same. Indeed, IKEA and MIO have monetary goals and are more short-term goals oriented, at least for the lower level management. However, there are some differences that we can noticed. The first thing is that MIO uses more the informal control than IKEA. The second thing is that IKEA is more concerned by its employees. To conclude, even if IKEA and MIO are using two different strategies, they are very similar when looking to their management control.
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Rosengren, Alexandra, und Andrea Standoft. „Control in gazelle organizations : Research on management systems, enterprise resource planning systems and strategic planning“. Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, ESOL (Entrepreneurship, Strategy, Organization, Leadership), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-15761.
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Abstract Background - Not all companies choose or are able to grow, especially not in an unstable economic climate. However, fast growing organizations (gazelles) have managed to grow with a significant pace. As researchers claim control to be one factor in developing an organization, this lead the authors to question whether these gazelle organizations perceive control systems to contribute to their rapid growth. Purpose - The authors wish to investigate whether strategic planning, enterprise resource planning and management system, as three different components of control, are present in gazelle organizations, and if they are perceived as contributors to growth. Method - The authors use a quantitative research approach and used a survey in order to capture the wider perspective of control. The chosen population is Swedish medium sized gazelle organizations. In order to analyze the findings, modified 6-point Likert-scale statements are included in the survey, where the authors interpret whether the respondents agree or disagree to the chosen statements, which are incorporated through the literature review. In addition to this, ANOVA tests are included to establish if there are significant differences among users and nonusers of the different control systems. Conclusion - The conclusions drawn from this study is that the usage of strategic planning and an enterprise resource planning system is common among the participating organizations. However, the majority do not use a management system. Despite the level of usage of the three different control systems, they are all perceived as beneficial for the organizations, and the respondents do believe that the systems contribute to their growth. In addition, there is no significant proof that there is a relationship between growth and using the control systems, when comparing the percentage increase in growth with using the different control systems.
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Aquaro, Matthew. „Systems engineering in practice : the application of systems engineering principles to the development of a hydraulic control system for an automatic transmission“. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/44701.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, System Design and Management Program, 2008.Includes bibliographical references (p. 71).
Product development in the automotive industry has evolved around the design of components. The organization is established around components and people have a very component centric perspective on problem solving. This has led to local optimization of individual components, while the larger system spirals out of control. The penalty is often measured in terms of development time and cost. New programs are given autonomy to make independent choices without regard for what other programs are doing, which leads to a wide variety of architectures put into place. Program managers and functional managers have different prioritizations. Furthermore, new designs are provided by a separate organization from the group responsible for implementation. They have a very different value system and are unaware of the difficulties experienced in the implementation phase. This type of practice leads to programs nearing production deadlines with poorly optimized systems. Engineers must relearn due to the lack of standardization across program. The team absorbs additional resources from within to fix issues prior to launch. The robbing of resources leads to delays in subsequent programs and the cycle repeats itself. These issues are partly cultural, part organizational, part due to lack of understanding of systems engineering. A new organization is designed, which strengthen the systems perspective and give power to a new role in the organization, the Systems Engineer. The Systems Engineer is chartered with global optimization of the entire system, which includes both functional aspects as well as business aspects like resource availability, development cost and time. They are responsible for developing the complete system, from concept to final implementation. The Design Structure Matrix (DSM) shows the boundaries of the system and reveals new areas where the Systems Engineer can influence the design at lower cost to the organization.
(cont.) The Robustness Checklist, standardization and Systems Architecture provide Systems Engineers tools to change from a component mindset to a systems mindset and to optimize the system as a whole.
by Matthew J. Aquaro.
S.M.
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Martinsson, Josefine, und Kärras Sofie Schelin. „”När det inte går som det är tänkt” : En studie av Sveriges finansiella institut och deras hantering av mål i samband med operativa risker“. Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Ekonomihögskolan, ELNU, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-13845.
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Titel: ”När det inte går som det är tänkt” – En studie av Sveriges finansiella institut och deras hantering av mål i samband med operativa risker. Seminariedatum: 31 maj 2011 Kurs: 4FE03E Examensarbete – Civilekonomprogrammet Författare: Josefine Martinsson och Sofie Schelin Kärras Nyckelord: Operativ risk, Mål, Management Control System, Risk Management Syfte: Syftet med denna uppsats är att beskriva hur Sveriges finansiella institut arbetar för att sträva mot målkongruens gällande mål som berör operativa risker enligt Basel II samt att ge tänkbara förklaringar till generella mönster i de finansiella institutens tillvägagångssätt. Med hjälp av hypotesprövningar syftar vi till att söka dessa tänkbara förklarningar. Teori: Den teori som vi främst använt oss av i denna studie är teori om omvärldens påtryckningar, målkongruens, Management Control Systems, Risk Management och Operativa risker. Information som presenteras av BIS angående hur operativa risker bör hanteras ingår även i vår teoretiska referensram. Övrig information om Basel II som syftar till att skapa en förståelse kring hur de operativa riskerna är reglerade presenteras i Bilaga 1. Metod: Undersökningsmetoden som använts i denna studie är en surveyundersökning. Datainsamlingen vid denna surveyundersökning har skett med hjälp av telefonintervjuer. Datamaterialet har sedan analyserats genom att dels beskriva den insamlade data men även genom att söka eventuella förklaringar med hjälp av statistiska analyser. Empiri: Empirin till denna studie består av interjuver med 30 av Sveriges banker. Empirin består av information som till största delen har kunnat kodas. Dock inkluderar empirin även okodad information som i denna studie ses som kompletterande information till de statistiska analyserna. Resultat: I resultatet kan vi konstatera att det finns ett fåtal statistiska samband mellan hur Sveriges banker arbetar med mål som berör den operativa risken. Detta är ett intressant resultat då det kunde förväntas att det skulle finnas ett samband eftersom dessa risker är reglerade. De enstaka samband som vi kunnat finna då denna studie genomförts påvisar att det i stor utsträckning saknas ett enhetligt tillvägagångssätt för hur Sveriges banker använder mål angående operativa risker för att uppnå målkongruens.
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Makola, A. J. M. „The development, implementation and evaluation of a quality management system at the Eastern Cape Technikon“. Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53625.
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Mini-study project (MBA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2003.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: A study project is presented on the development and implementation of a Quality Management System for the Eastern Cape Technikon, that being informed by the Higher Education Legislation of the Republic of South Africa and its Statutory Bodies in an attempt to ensconce the provision of quality teaching and learning, academic and developmental research, and academic support services in Higher Education. Beginning with the conceptualisation of quality as a concept, evolving to being a quality system, and followed by how, when successfully developed and implemented, can it be monitored and evaluated for the achievement of Higher Education objectives, both nationally . and internationally. Emphases is on how the Eastern Cape Technikon can be successfully effective, efficient and economical in its attempt to develop, implement, monitor and evaluate such a system in comportment that will appropriately fit its programmes, including its operations in general, to the national agenda of providing quality higher education that is opportune for all, especially for the bucolic, rural and underdeveloped community that Eastern Cape Technikon seeks to serve.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: geen opsomming
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Villet, William de Gouret. „A model for the implementation of Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points (HACCP) in the white fish industry“. Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52087.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2001.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Fish and shellfish are, with very few exceptions, generally considered safe. Food safety laws in many parts of the world are, however, requiring companies to implement programs such as Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) as a means of assuring food safety from harvest to consumption. In South Africa, fishing companies wishing to export products to countries such as the European Union (EU), the United Sates (US), et cetera have, over the past number of years, been required to implement HACCP. Various issues are, however at stake with regards to the successful implementation of HACCP and thus this study project is primarily focused on the application of the HACCP system to the white fish industry. The method of study involved consultation with various local authorities in order to highlight existing HACCP problems within the South African White Fish Industry. A literature survey was conducted to ascertain the requirements of various countries and international organisations and iii addition to gain an in-depth knowledge as to theworking requirements of HACCP. Prior to setting in place a HACCP system, the model reviews in detail the HACCP manual requirements and prerequisite programs required. The prerequisite programs are not limited to but include good manufacturing practices, operation and sanitation, pest control, traceability and recall procedures, customer complaint procedures, chemical control program and training. Process flow diagrams need to be developed and verified for each process and product. Once completed an analysis of the various biological, chemical and physical hazards that are likely to affect the safety of the product is conducted. The seven principles of HACCP are clarified together with how they may best be implemented and monitored, taking in to consideration the various parameters of each fish processing establishment. A brief introduction about the relationship between the HACCP system, ISO 9000 and total quality management (TOM) and the advantages and disadvantages of each system is included. The study project is completed with recommendations for further study in other food processing industries. Recommendations include, but are not limited to ensuring that current and new legislation be regularly monitored, HACCP models be developed for industries such as the shellfish industry, et cetera and that, where possible, harmonisation of the requirements be internationally agreed upon.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Oor die algemeen word vis en skulpvis, met 'n paar uitsonderings, as veilig beskou. Internasionaal word daar deur die voedsel veiligheidswette vereis dat maatskappye aan 'n standaard naamlik HACCP ( Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point) voldoen wat verseker dat die voedsel vanaf sy oorspronklike bron tot en met by die verbruiker veilig is vir gebruik. In Suid Afrika, word oor die laaste aantal jare van alle vismaatskappye wat vis wil uitvoer na Europeuse lande of die Verenigde state, verwag om HACCP te implimenteer. Verskeie kwessies is op die spel met betrekking tot die suksesvolle implimentering van HACCP en daarom word hierdie projek gefokus op die suksesvolle implimenteering van die HACCP beginsel in die witvis bedryf. Vir die studie is plaaslike owerhede genader om vas te stel waar bestaande probleme met betrekking tot die witvis bedryf is. 'n Literatuur studie is uitgevoer om te bepaal wat die behoeftes is van verskillende lande en internationale instansies en ook om 'n indiepte kennis te bekom vir die funksionerings vereistes van HACCP. Die model beskryf volledig wat vereis word om 'n HACCP handleiding saam te stel en die voorvereiste programme wat benodig word alvorens 'n HACCP plan inwerking gestel kan word. Daar is geen beperkings ten opsigte van die voorvereiste programme nie maar dit sluit die volgende in: goeie vervaardigings praktyke, higiëne bestuur, plaagbeheer, identifiseering en produk ontrekking prosedure, verbruikersklagtes, chemikalië beheer en opleiding. Vir elke proses en produk moet daar 'n vloei diagram opgestel word. Daarna moet 'n ontleding gedoen word van alle moontlike biologiese, chemiese en fisiese gevare wat die veiligheid van 'n produk kan benadeel. Verder bespreek die studie die sewe beginsels van HACCP, die implimentering en monitering daarvan met inagneming van die uniekheid van elke prosesaanleg. 'n Kort oorsig oor die verwantskap tussen HACCP, ISO 9000 en "TQM ( Total Quality Management)" met elk se voor en nadele word ook bespreek. Die studie word afgesluit met aanbevellings vir verdere studies in die voedselprosesseringsindustrie, oor die monitering van huidige en toekomstige wetgewing, die ontwikkeling van HACCP modelle en harmonisering van internasionale en plaaslike vereistes soos ooreengekom.
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Duan, Yanxin. „A Spatial Decision Support System for Economic Analysis of Sediment Control on Rangeland Watersheds“. Diss., Tucson, Arizona : University of Arizona, 2005. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu%5Fetd%5F1306%5F1%5Fm.pdf&type=application/pdf.
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Schreuder, F. A. „An investigation into global distribution systems in the crop protection industry and the development of distribution system managment model for particular application in South Africa and Australia“. Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/21185.
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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2002.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The traditional ways in which manufacturers of crop protection products exercised control over distribution systems have diminished in their impact. Control was based on quality products, the power of the brand, an installed customer base and a broad portfolio of mostly patented products. Manufacturers of crop protection products need to review the manner in which these products are marketed, which distribution system management models are to be used, and the importance that is placed on distribution system management in the marketing mix. The primary aim of this study was defined as: "The development of appropriate distribution system management models for application in South Africa and Australia~. The secondary aim was defined as: "Establishing the key factors which determine the relationship between manufacturers and distributorsn . The dominant economic characteristics of the global crop protection industry are deemed to consist of a global market valued at US $28,090 mio, a mature market in a decline phase, the rapid consolidation of industry players, increased generic product manufacturer activity and an overall decline in manufacturer profitability. In South Africa crop protection product manufacturers use approximately 46 independent distributors to market products on farms through 600 affiliated commissioned sales agents. In Australia the distribution of crop protection products is much more concentrated. Distribution is essentially controlled by five national distributors and their coupled salaried representatives. Manufacturers therefore rely on third parties for the marketing of their products to farmers in both countries. The applicable problem statement has been formulated to select a distribution system management model that will: (i) optimally balance direct distribution related cost and subsequent levels of control over distributors; (ii) maximise the probability that a distributor will buy and actively promote the complete product portfolio of a for high levels of interpersonal relationship maintenance; and (vi) manufacturers have to instill the philosophy that distribution system management is part of a manufacturer's strategic business and marketing focus and not simply a task to be performed by a third party.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die tradisionele maniare waarop die vervaardigers van oesbeskermingsprodukte beheer kan uitoefen oor verspreidingsisteme is nie meer so suksesvol nie. Beheer was gebaseer op kwaliteil produkte, die mag van die handelsmerk:n gevestigde klientebasis en 'n wye produktereeks,bestaande uit gepatenteerde produkte, Vervaardigers van oesbeskermingsprodulcte moet die wyse waarop hierdie produkte bemark word, watter verspreidingsisteem bestuursmodelle gebruik word en die belangrikheid wat geplaas word op die bestuur van die verspreidingsisteme in die totala bemarkingspoging in heroorweging neern. Die primere doelstelling van hierdie studie is: "Die ontwikkeling van toepaslike verspreidingsisteem bestuursmodelle vir toe passing in Suid-Afrika en Australia. "Die sekondere doelstelling is: "Die vas stelling van die sleutelfaktore wat die verhouding tussen velVaardigers (verskaffers) en verspreiders bepaar. Die dominante ekonomiese kenmerke van die globale oesbeskermingsindustrie is 'n markwaarde in VSA $ 28,090 miljoen, 'n stagnante mark in 'n agteruitgang lase, die drastiese konsolidasie van die industrie spelers, 'n toename in die aktiwiteite van die generiese produkvervaardigers en 'n algemene daling in die winsgewindheid van die vervaardigers. In Suid-Afrika gebruik die vervaardigers van die oesbeskermingsprodukte ongeveer 46 onafhanklike verspreiders om die produkte op plaasvlak te bemark met behulp van 600 geaffilieerde kommissie agente. Die verspreiding van oesbeskermingsprodukte is baie meer gekonsentreerd in Australie. Verspreiding word in wese beheer deur vyf nasionale verspreiders en hulle spanne van verkoopsteenwoordigers wat 'n salaris verdien. In beide lande moet velVaardigers van oesbeskermingsprodukte staatmaak op onafhanklike instansies vir die bemarking van hul produkte op plaasvlak. Die probleemsteiling is dus die uitdaging om 'n verspreidingsisteem bestuursmodel t9 ontwikkel wat: (i) . n optima Ie balans sal gee tussen direkte verspreidingskoste en gekoppelde vlakke van beheer oor verspreiders; (ii) die waarskynlikheid dat . n verspreider die betrokke produkreeks van die vervaardiger sal aankoop en aktief sal promoveer; (iii) dit kan bereik in . n mark waar verspreiders talle bronne het van soortgelyke produkte teen kompeterende pryse. Gebaseer op die sekondere navorsing wat gedoen is wit dit blyk dat daar 'n algemene konsensus is dat daar n nei9in9 weg is van transaksie spesifieke besigheidsverhoudings na besigheidsverhoudings gebaseer op vennootskap gebaseerde benaderings in die interaksie tussen vervaardigers (verskaffers) en verspreiders. Hierdie tipe besigheidsverhouding word gekenmerk deur hoe vlakke van onderlinge vertroue, wedersydse verbintenis, konflik hanteringsmeganismes en goeie wedersydse kommunikasie. Primere navorsing is in Suid-Afrika (253 respondente) en Australia (180 respondente) gedoen. Implikasies vir die konstruksie van verspreidingsisteem bestuursmodelle wat voortvloei uit hierdie navorsing sluit in die belangrikheid dat on vervaardiger on wye en gesogte produkreeks het, die vereiste dat produkte beproefde effektiwiteit het, produkte kompeterend geprys is, die vereiste vir hoe vlakke van verskaffer opvolgdiens en die vereiste vir goeie interpersoonlike verhouding tussen werknemers van beide die vervaardigers en die verspreiders. Hierdie elemente moet ondermeer gerugsteun word deur goeie kommunikasiesisteme. Die "idea Ie" verspreidingsisteem bestuursmodelle is vervolgens voorgestel vir beide Suid-Afrika en Australie, gebaseer op die bevindinge van ondermeer die sekondere- en primere navorsing. Hierdie mode lie het ten doel om toepaslike strukture en besigheidsbenaderings vir vervaardigers daar te stel om hulle behulpsaam te wees om die geidentifiseerde behoeftes van die verspreiders aan te spreek.
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Johansson, Alice, und Emma Willart. „Små bidrag till en hållbar utveckling : En studie av hållbarhet och ekonomistyrning i småföretag“. Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-388792.
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För att skapa en hållbar utveckling behöver alla aktörer i samhället arbeta tillsammans. Ekonomistyrning kan hjälpa företag att mäta och följa upp prestationer i syfte att kontrollera att de når uppsatta mål. Hållbarhet kan definieras på olika sätt, vilket kan försvåra arbetet med styrning av hållbarhet i företag. Tidigare forskning har nästan enbart fokuserat på stora företag trots att majoriteten av alla företag i EU är små och medelstora företag. Därför är syftet med denna studie att undersöka hur småföretag arbetar med hållbarhet och vilken roll ekonomistyrning har i detta arbete. Då det finns en begränsad mängd forskning om småföretag och hållbarhet syftar även studien till att bidra med nya insikter om hur småföretag kan gå tillväga för att bli mer hållbara, samt vilka hinder de möter under arbetet med hållbarhet. Till studien genomfördes fyra semistrukturerade intervjuer med småföretag i syfte att undersöka hur småföretag arbetar med ekonomistyrning för att uppnå långsiktiga hållbarhetsmål. De fyra fallföretagen arbetar med hållbarhet, har maximalt 50 anställda och verkar inom olika branscher. Med grund i Malmi och Browns (2008) modell för Management Control Systems identifierades och analyserades vilka styrsystem som förekommer vid arbete med hållbarhet i småföretag. Studien visar att småföretag saknar tillräckliga resurser för att kunna göra ett formellt och systematiskt styrningsarbete. Detta är en av anledningarna till att småföretag väljer att arbeta löpande med hållbarhet. Många småföretag har endast en ägare eller är familjeägda, vilket gör att ägarens definition till hållbarhet är avgörande för hur företaget arbetar med hållbarhet. Det är således även ägarens kompetens som påverkar graden av formaliserade ekonomistyrningssystem i företaget.Most of the research on sustainability and Management Control Systems is based on large businesses even though the majority of all companies in the European Union are small and medium sized businesses. Small businesses can make a big impact on the current climate crisis, but since sustainability can be a complex issue and more advanced management in small business is limited, working towards sustainable development in small business could be a challenge. Therefore, the purpose of this thesis is to study how small businesses work to be more sustainable using Management Control Systems. For data collection, interviews were conducted in four small businesses who work with sustainability. The study finds that it can be hard for small businesses to work with sustainability due to lack of resources, which makes the use of Management Control Systems more informal and value based.
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Berntsson, Amanda, und Jenny Karlsson. „Användning av styrsystem i skolan : en kvalitativ studie om styrsystemens påverkan på lärares arbetsbelastning“. Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för ekonomi, teknik och naturvetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-37539.
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Titel: Användning av styrsystem i skolan - en kvalitativ studie om styrsystemens påverkan på lärares arbetsbelastning Författare: Amanda Berntsson och Jenny Karlsson Handledare: Eva Berggren Nivå: Kandidatuppsats 15 HP, Företagsekonomi, Verksamhetsstyrning, VT 2018 Problembakgrund: År 2035 förväntas det råda en brist på 79 000 lärare i Sverige. Samtidigt är cirka hälften av lärarna alltid eller ofta stressade på jobbet och är tvungna att arbeta på sin fritid då arbetstiden inte räcker till. Denna statistik visar på att det finns ett praktiskt problem varför studien vill undersöka om detta kan kopplas till verksamhetsstyrningen i kommunala gymnasieskolor. Problemdiskussion: Tidigare studier har fokuserat på verksamhetsstyrning kopplat till elevresultat och inte på dess påverkan på lärares arbetsbelastning. En studie utförd inom vården har visat på ett samband mellan läkares utmattning och förekomst av onödiga och oskäliga arbetsuppgifter. Därför är det intressant att undersöka huruvida det finns ett liknande samband inom skolväsendet. Frågeställning: Vilka styrsystem använder rektorer på kommunala gymnasieskolor och hur påverkar det lärares arbetsbelastning? Syfte: Syftet är att beskriva vilka styrsystem rektorer på kommunala gymnasieskolor använder sig av. Vidare är syftet att identifiera hur de olikastyrsystemen påverkar lärarnas arbetsbelastning. Teoretisk referensram: Den teoretiska referensramen behandlar styrsystem där vi valt att arbeta enligt Merchant och Van der Stede indelning vilken består av resultatstyrning, aktionsstyrning, personalstyrning och kulturell styrning. Slutligen presenteras negativa konsekvenser av tillämpning av de olika styrsystemen. Metod: Kvalitativ metod med abduktiv ansats där intervjuer har genomförts med totalt sex respondenter, varav fyra rektorer och två lärare, som alla är verksamma på två kommunala gymnasieskolor. Empiri: Primärdata för de sex respondenter som intervjuats presenteras var styrsystem för sig och avslutas med negativa konsekvenser av styrning. Analys: I kapitlet ställs empirin mot den teoretiska referensramen och analyseras var styrsystem för sig. Slutsats: Studien har lett fram till följande fyra slutsatser- Skolornas användning av styrsystem skiljer sig åt- Större fokus på personalstyrning än resultatstyrning minskar lärares arbetsbelastning- De positiva konsekvenserna av skolans kultur minskar lärares arbetsbelastning- Lärares arbetsbelastning ökar till följd av en bristande kommunikation gällande dokumentationen Nyckelord: Verksamhetsstyrning, styrsystem, styrmedel, arbetsbelastning, skolväsendetTitle: The use of management control systems in school - a qualitative study on the influence of control systems on teachers workload Authors: Amanda Berntsson and Jenny Karlsson Thesis supervisor: Eva Berggren Level: Bachelor thesis 15 HP in Business Economics, Management, VT 2018 Background: By the year of 2035 it will be a lack of 79 000 teachers in Sweden. Simultaneously approximately half of the teachers in Sweden are always or often stressed at work and have to work leisure because the work time is insufficient. These statistics show that there is a practical problem and therefore this study aims to investigate if this problem can be linked to the management control system in municipal upper secondary schools. Problem: Previous studies have focused on management control affect on student results and not on its impact on teachers workload. A study conducted in healthcare has shown a connection between doctors fatigue and the occurrence of unnecessary and unreasonable task assignments. Therefore, it is interesting to analyze if there is a similar connection within the school system. Problem formulation: Which management control systems do the principal use at municipal upper secondary schools and how does it affect the teachers workload? Purpose: The purpose is to describe which management control systems principals at municipal upper secondary schools use. Furthermore, the purpose is to identify how the different control systems affect teachers workload. Theoretical framework: The theoretical framework contains management control systems and we chose to apply Merchant and Van der Stede’s division, which consists of result control, action control, personnel control and cultural control. Furthermore, negative consequences of the application of the various control systems are presented. Methodology: The thesis are based on a qualitative method with abductive approach. Interviews has been conducted with six respondents, four principals and two teachers. All of them are active in two municipal upper secondary schools. Empirical findings: Primary data for the six respondents are presented in each of the four management control systems and finally negative consequences of management control systems is presented. Analysis: In this chapter, empirics compared to the theoretical framework are analyzed each control system individually. Conclusion: The study has led to the following four conclusions:- Schools use of control systems is different- More focus on personnel control instead of results control will reduce teachers workload- The positive consequences of a schools culture will reduce teachers workload- Teacher's workload increases as a result of a lack of communication regarding the documentation Keywords: Management control, management control system, management, workload, school system
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容勁 und King Stanley Yung. „Application of multi-agent technology to supply chain management“. Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31223886.
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Ilhed, Markus, und Sofie Nilsson. „Bonussystem -Sett ur anställdas perspektiv-“. Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Economics, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-2246.
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Background: Different forms of reward systems have been more common in Sweden and are used in purpose to motivate employees to work in accordance with a company’s goals. By creating work motivation among the employees, a more congruent situation can appear between them and the managers, and the company can perform better results.
Purpose: The purpose with this thesis is to study and analyse a reward system from the employees perspective, regarding it’s affect on work motivation.
Demarcation: Salary and reward are two different kinds of incitement and we will only focus on rewards that are received beyond the ordinary salary. We will also demarcate the thesis to focus on bonussystem as a form of reward system.
Research method: We have carried out interviews with a person who represent the trade union and with three employees who represent the three different departments at the company. Interviews have also been made with the person who is responsible for the company’s reward system at Östgöta Brandstodsbolag.
Result: The study shows that a reward system founds to be very positive among employees, due to that it is an extra compensation that can be received beyond the salary. A reward system is motivating when the employee gives the opportunity to influence the goals and measures. Communication is also of great importance to cause work motivation among employees.
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Staflund, Anette. „Budgetstyrning och Balanserat styrkort : i form av en kombinationsmodell“. Thesis, University of Skövde, School of Technology and Society, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-1100.
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Traditional financial management has lately been criticized, since it gives inadequate and unilateral information for decisions and strategy of the operation. The purpose of this essay is to investigate if a balanced scorecard is able to work together with a budget and become a stronger control system for the management. Essential theory underlies the gathering of data as well as the analysis, and the empirical investigation is based on personal interviews. The conclusions drawn from my analysis are that two parallel control systems could complement each other’s weaknesses. The budget and the balanced scorecard seem to harmonize very well, as the balanced scorecard has a long term strategy while the budget has a short term strategy. In my combination model, the difference in working only with a balanced scorecard is that the budget will have a stronger position than the financial perspective in a balanced scorecard.
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Herrera, Santisbon Eunice. „Production-consumption system coordination by hybrid predictive approaches : application to a solar cooling system for buildings“. Thesis, CentraleSupélec, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SUPL0006/document.
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Garantir le confort thermique des bâtiments est directement lié à la consommation d'énergie. Dans les zones tropicales, les systèmes de refroidissement représentent l'un des postes les plus gourmands en énergie. Afin de réduire la consommation d'énergie mondiale, il est primordial d'améliorer l'efficacité de ces systèmes ou bien de développer de nouvelles méthodes de production de froid. Une installation de refroidissement solaire basé sur le cycle à absorption est une alternative pour réduire les émissions de gaz à effet de serre et la consommation d'électricité. Contrairement aux systèmes classiques de refroidissement à compression mécanique, la production de froid par absorption est un système complexe composé de plusieurs composants comme des panneaux solaires, un ballon de stockage, une tour de refroidissement et une machine à absorption. Outre le dimensionnement des composants, ce système complexe nécessite des actions de contrôle pour être efficace parce que la coordination entre le stockage d'eau chaude, la production et la consommation du froid est nécessaire. Le but de cette thèse est de proposer une structure producteur-consommateur d'énergie basée sur la commande prédictive (MPC). Le système de refroidissement par absorption solaire est considéré comme faisant partie de ce système de production-consommation d'énergie, le système de stockage d'eau chaude est le producteur et la machine à absorption qui distribue de l'eau froide au bâtiment est l'un des consommateurs. Pour que la structure de commande soit modulaire, la coordination entre les sous-systèmes est réalisée en utilisant une approche de partitionnement où des contrôleurs prédictifs locaux sont conçus pour chacun des sous-systèmes. Les contrôleurs des consommateurs calculent un ensemble de profils de demande d'énergie. Ces profils sont ensuite envoyés au contrôleur du producteur qui sélectionne le profil qui minimise le coût global. Dans une première partie, l'approche proposée est testée sur un modèle linéaire simplifié composé d'un producteur et plusieurs consommateurs. Dans une deuxième partie, un cas plus complexe est étudié. Un modèle simplifié d'un système de refroidissement à absorption est évaluée en utilisant l'outil de simulation TRNSYS. Le modèle de production n'est plus linéaire, il est décrit par un modèle non linéaire hybride qui augmente la complexité du problème d'optimisation. Les résultats des simulations montrent que la sous-optimalité induite par la méthode est faible. De plus, la performance de l'approche atteint les objectifs de commande tout en respectant les contraintesTo guarantee thermal comfort in buildings is directly related to energy consumption. In tropical climates, cooling systems for buildings represent one of the largest energy consumers. Therefore, as energy consumption is a major concern around the world, it is important to improve the systems efficiency or seeking new methods of cooling production. A solar cooling installation based on the absorption cycle is an alternative to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and electricity consumption. In contrast to conventional vapor-compression based cooling systems, the absorption cooling production involves a complex system composed of several components as collector panel, storage tank, cooling tower and absorption chiller. Besides the sizing of the components, this complex system requires control actions to be efficient as a coordination between hot water storage, cooling water production and consumption is necessary. The aim of this research is to propose a management approach for a production-consumption energy system based on Model Predictive Control (MPC). The solar absorption cooling system is seen as part of this production-consumption energy system where the hot water storage system is the producer and the chiller-building system is one of the consumers. In order to provide modularity to the control structure, the coordination between the subsystems is achieved by using a partitioning approach where local predictive controllers are developed for each of the subsystems. The consumer controllers compute a set of energy demand profiles sent to the producer controller which selects the profile that better minimize the global optimization cost. In a first part, the proposed approach is tested on a simplified linear model composed of one producer and several consumers. In a second part, a more complex case is studied. A simplified model of an absorption cooling system is evaluated using the simulation tool TRNSYS. The producer model is no longer linear, instead it is described by a nonlinear hybrid model which increases the complexity of the optimization problem. The simulations results show that the suboptimality induced by the method is low and the control strategy fulfills the objectives and constraints while giving good performances
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Rylander, Andreas, und Martin Wänqvist. „Ekonomisk Styrning : En studie av Sveriges storbanker“. Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Economics, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-1932.
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Bakgrund: Betydelsen av en välfungerande bankverksamhet, och därmed även den ekonomiska styrningen däri, torde blivit allt större på grund av den accelererande globalisering som idag sköljer över vårt samhälle. Det faktum att de undersökta bankerna verkar på samma area med likvärdiga produkter är även det av stort intresse beträffande homogeniteten i den ekonomiska styrningen.
Syfte: Syftet med uppsatsen är att analysera Sveriges storbankers centrala ekonomiska styrning i form av graden av decentralisering, användandet av budget samt valet av nyckeltal. Rapportförfattarna söker även analysera likheter och skillnader i dessa styrsystem då detta torde vara intressant eftersom de alla tillhandahåller liknande tjänster på en relativt mogen marknad.
Genomförande: Det empiriska materialet består till lejonparten av intervjuer med nyckelpersoner inom de svenska storbankerna (FöreningsSparbanken, Handelsbanken, Nordea och SEB).
Resultat: Både stora skillnader och likheter kunde identifieras genom undersökningen. Skillnaderna ligger främst i graden av decentralisering och användandet av budget. Bakgrunden till skillnaderna har ursprung i bankernas olikartade historiska utveckling. Likheterna återfinns främst inom brukandet av nyckeltal. Många av de nyckeltal som används finns inom de olika bankerna.
Background: The importance of well functioning banking and thereby a well functioning economic management might have been increasing due to the rapid globalization our society has been exposed to during the last century. The fact that the examined banks act on the same arena with equivalent products is of great importance when the homogenousness of the economic management is investigated.
Purpose: The main purpose is to analyze Sweden’s four largest banks’ economic management as far as the degree of decentralization, the use of budget systems and the choice of business ratios is concerned. The investigators are seeking to prove both similarities and differences in the analyzed economic control systems.
Method: The empirical material mostly contains of interviews with key figures from the different organisations (FöreningsSparbanken, Handelsbanken, Nordea och SEB).
Conclusion: Both great similarities as well as flagrant differences could be identified throughout the investigation. The differences contained mainly of the different degree of decentralisation and the use of budget systems. The reasons for these differences might originate from the different historic development within the investigated organisations. The similarities are mostly retrieved in the use of business ratios.
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Wennblom, Gabriella. „Mapping management accounting and trust : an extended literature review“. Doctoral thesis, Örebro universitet, Handelshögskolan vid Örebro Universitet, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-26507.
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More than three decades ago the notion of trust was introduced into the management accounting (MA) literature, and a growing stream of empirical papers elaborating on the relation between MA controls and trust signals the importance andvitality of this research area. However, a closer look at the literature shows that while major insights have been made, there is also considerable confusion around both research models and the meanings of key concepts. Accordingly, the time seems opportune to conduct an extended and critical review of the legacies of this literature. More precisely, the aims of the study are to (i) analyze how MA and trust have been conceptualized and related to each other; (ii) identify weaknesses andknowledge gaps in the literature; and, (iii) based on these, suggest how the literature may be synthesized and developed in the future. In so doing, this thesis analyses 37 empirical studies focusing specifically on the association between MA and trust. Overall, two key findings emerge from the analysis. A first key finding is that the area can be characterized as fragmented. More specifically, many different terms are used to denote similar concepts, and vice versa. The literature is also characterized by different levels of analysis, and different, potentially conflicting research models. The literature is also underpinned by different theoretical perspectives, of which some have conflicting assumptions. The second key finding is that there are several knowledge gaps and weaknesses in th eliterature. For example, while a majority of studies shows that MA is a factor affecting trust, MA itself is oftentimes left unexplained. Also, many studies conceptualize trust from the perspective of only one party in a relationship, and the questions of how and why MA and trust (co)develops and emerges over time are largely unaddressed. Furthermore, while researchers have empirically studied both personal trust and system trust, respectively, no one has modelled how they may be interrelated. Based on these findings, a model is proposed which not only synthesizes the extant literature, but also indentifies new, potentially important associations between different MA and trust factors. The model—consisting of twelve propositions—also theorizes how these factors affect each other over time. The thesis concludes with a number of suggestions for how to develop this research area in the future.
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Hong, Jun. „The development, implementation, and application of Demand Side Management and control (DSM+c) algorithm for integrating micro-generation system within built environment“. Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2009. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21993.
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Recent legislation and building regulations aim to reduce the energy demands of buildings and include renewable and low carbon based micro-generation technologies. Due to the intermittent nature of renewable energy systems and fluctuating demand profiles at the domestic level, matching the demand with a volatile supply of low operating efficiency, as is the case with some low carbon energy systems, at the local level, becomes a big challenge for the widespread implementation of zero/low carbon energy systems. The research undertaken centres on the potential exploitation of demand side resources to provide the solutions to the issues addressed above. This thesis focuses on the development, implementation, and application of a bottom-up Demand Side Management and control (DSM+c) algorithm to create greater flexibility in demand and better facilitate the integration of renewable and low carbon energy technologies within the built environment, without significantly compromising user satisfaction. This DSM+c algorithm can be applied to both strategic and operational levels. The strategic level DSM+c algorithm is suitable for the development and analysis of DSM approaches. The measures of load shifting and demand side control are available to specify the DSM options upon loads. The results, in terms of demand/supply match, energy export/import, and environmental impact etc., before and after having applied DSM+c algorithm upon loads, are quantified when linked with Renewable (RE) & Low Carbon (LC) energy supply systems. The DSM+c algorithm at strategic level has been embedded within a decision support platform, MERIT. MERIT is a demand-supply matching tool for assessing the feasibility of renewable energy systems. This allows engineers to develop appropriate demand supply control strategies. The operational level DSM+c algorithm is capable of controlling loads based on the available supply at a certain time, through the assistance of information gathered from simulation or via real-time measurement. The control impact of the operational level DSM+c algorithm upon internal environmental parameters can be quantified. A virtual platform for implementing the DSM+c algorithm is established, within which the information of demand, supply, and internal environmental parameters, are obtained through simulation and input to carry out the process of the DSM+c algorithm. Furthermore, an Internet-enabled Energy System (IE-ES) platform for implementing these control actions upon individual loads in a practical environment has been developed. Finally two types of case studies are presented respectively, showing how the DSM+c algorithm plays a key role within the whole decision-making procedure in a project and how it is applied to an individual appliance at operational level. The thesis concludes with recommendations of potential applications for this work and prospective further development.
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McGregor, Sue L. T. „Consumer policy : a network/political economy perspective : an application of the new macro-relational consumer policy framework to study the evolutionary dynamics of the policy community for the Electronic Fund Transfer System (EFTS) consumer issue in Canada“. Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1992. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21316.
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This thesis argued that-sole reliance by government on the micro-economic paradigm. as the rationale for intervening in the marketplace results in too narrow an approach to consumer policy and a lack of appreciation for the dynamic and relational aspects of the consumer policy process. An integration of select constructs from the political economy and network paradigms contributed to the development of a macro-relational consumer policy framework. The network approach provides a relational perspective while the political economy paradigm provides a macro approach to widening consumer policy theory. Together, they offer a macro-relational perspective to compliment the micro-economic approach. The investigator suggests that the computerization of the Canadian payment system represents a change in the technological sphere of the macro policy environment. This change challenges the marketplace interests of the consumer policy network constituents (secondary policy environment). The stakeholders affected by this change coalesce into a policy community to balance respective interests. This primary policy environment, evolutionary in nature (internal policy activity, then dyadic, multidyadic, and triadic), will exhibit varying patterns of stakeholder interaction, relationship development and network dynamics. Propositions developed, to explain the evolutionary dynamics of the policy community guided the content analysis, the case study and the network analysis. Relational data (matrices and graphs) profiled the chronological maps of the relationships of the aggregate, constituent and dyadic sets of stakeholders. A multi-layered network analysis revealed an evolutionary process and a policy community which varied on several interaction dimensions (frequency, directedness, durability, role perception, intensity) and network dimensions (size, density, connectedness, cohesiveness, knittedness, stability). To mirror parallel initiatives in complimentary disciplines, stakeholders and future macro-relational consumer policy researchers are challenged to embrace the powerful network/political economy perspective to profit from stimulating theoretical and pragmatic insights into the complex, dynamic consumer policy process.