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1
BLATTEAU, J. É., C. ROBINET, E. GEMPP, P. LOUG, S. DE MAISTRE, J. M. PONTIER, C. PÉNY, M. HUGON und J. J. RISSO. „Activité de recherche en médecine de la plongée“. Médecine et Armées Vol. 43 No. 1, Volume 43, Numéro 1 (01.02.2015): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17184/eac.6855.
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La plongée militaire totalise 2 200 personnels dont certains sont spécialisés en opérations de déminage ou en contreterrorisme maritime. En parallèle, la plongée civile s’est considérablement développée ; de nombreux accidents surviennent malgré le respect des procédures et de nouvelles entités cliniques émergent. Ainsi la médecine de la plongée civile ou militaire suscite de nouvelles interrogations à l’origine d’une activité de recherche importante. Cette activité est menée de manière collaborative par l’Équipe résidente de recherche subaquatique opérationnelle de l’IRBA, le Service de médecine hyperbare et expertise plongée de l’HIA Sainte-Anne et la Cellule plongée humaine et intervention sous la mer de la FAN, et associée à des partenaires universitaires et industriels. Les actions menées concernent principalement l’étude de la décompression, de l’effet des gaz, la physiologie de l’immersion de longue durée. L’activité de recherche en médecine de la plongée a pour finalité une application opérationnelle immédiate illustrée par le développement de procédures pour le sauvetage des sous-marins. Par l’intérêt civil majeur associé, elle constitue un exemple de recherche duale.
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Mackie, R. I., und A. E. Vardy. „Application du contrôle au marteau aux adhésifs en ingéniérie civile: étude numérique“. International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives 10, Nr. 3 (Juli 1990): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0143-7496(90)90087-e.
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Suhov, Vadim. „International criteria for providing stateguaranteed legal aid in civil proceedings and foreign experience of their application“. Journal of the National Institute of Justice, Nr. 1(64) (Mai 2023): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.52277/1857-2405.2023.1(64).09.
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Astăzi problema protecţiei drepturilor și libertăţilor omului a depășit graniţele unui stat separat. Drepturile și libertăţile au devenit o problemă pentru întreaga comunitate mondială. Același lucru este valabil și pentru dreptul la asistenţă juridică, care este un aspect esenţial al dreptului la un proces echitabil, garantat de numeroase acte internaţionale, cu caracter atât universal, cât și regional. Conform standardelor stabilite prin aceste acte și elaborate de Comitetul pentru Drepturile Omului ONU și Curtea Europeană, în unele cazuri lipsa asistenţei juridice în procedurile civile poate afecta semnificativ echitatea acesteia. În astfel de cazuri, obligaţia de a acorda asistenţă juridică îi revine statului. În această lucrare autorul explorează și rezumă criteriile internaţionale pentru acordarea de asistenţă juridică garantată de stat în procedurile civile și experienţa străină în aplicarea acestora. Cercetarea poate avea o oarecare valoare atât în activităţile legislative, cât și în cele de aplicare a legii.
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Mourélos, Yannis. „Les origines de la guerre civile en Grèce“. Balcanica, Nr. 50 (2019): 367–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/balc1950367m.
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L?insurrection d?Ath?nes de d?cembre 1944 est le point d?aboutissement d?une crise de longue date. Crise politique, sociale, marqu?e de glissements spectaculaires au niveau de l?application et du respect des institutions, ? quoi viendront se joindre l?exp?rience de l?occupation, puis, celle de la r?sistance. Dans la conjoncture, toute neuve, de la lib?ration, cette accumulation de faits ?clatera en un conflit d?une violence hors pair, dont les ?v?nements d?Ath?nes ne serviront, finalement, que de simple d?tonateur. Plut?t que de focaliser sur le d?roulement, puis, sur les effets de la guerre civile grecque, notre t?che consiste ? suivre en amont la trajectoire tourment?e de cette crise multidimensionnelle et ? en d?gager les diff?rents points de rep?re.
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Shirdel, Mohammad-Ali. „La Continuité et le Changement dans les Stratégies de Développement Économique en Iran Aprés 1989“. Canadian Journal of Political Science 40, Nr. 3 (September 2007): 685–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000842390707076x.
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Résumé.Cette recherche a pour objectif d'expliquer le changement et la continuité dans les stratégies de développement économique après la révolution islamique en Iran. Le modèle explicatif est le suivant : la configuration et l'interaction particulière de quatre facteurs expliquent le choix et le changement dans les stratégies de développement économique en Iran : l'État, la société civile, le système mondial et les idées. À partir de 1989, la Deuxième République annonce des changements importants dans l'État islamique et dans ses relations avec la société civile islamique, d'un côté, et avec le système international, de l'autre. Ces changements en ont entraîné d'autres dans les stratégies de développement et ont eu pour résultat l'application d'une nouvelle stratégie de développement. Cette nouvelle stratégie a deux volets importants : les programmes de stabilisation économique et les programmes d'ajustement structurel.Abstract.This research aims to explain change and continuity in the strategies of economic development after the Islamic revolution in Iran. The explanatory model is as follows: the particular configuration and interaction of four factors explain the choices and changes in the strategies of economic development in Iran: the state, civil society, the world system and ideas. Starting in 1989, the Second Republic announced important changes in the Islamic State and its relations with civil society on one side, and with the international system on the other. These changes involved other changes in the strategies of development and the application of a new strategy of development. This new strategy has two important facets: programs of economic stabilization and programs of structural adjustment.
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Niort, Jacky. „La logistique de soutien de THOMSON-SEXTANT: Application au support mondial de l’avionique civile“. Logistique & Management 7, Nr. 2 (Januar 1999): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/12507970.1999.11516714.
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Morin, Jean. „La responsabilité civile du franchiseur en matière de courtage immobilier“. Les Cahiers de droit 30, Nr. 1 (12.04.2005): 85–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/042937ar.
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Depuis un peu plus d'une décennie le franchisage a connu un essor considérable dans les milieux du courtage immobilier. La législation actuelle en ce domaine ne prévoit pas ce genre de structure de sorte que le franchiseur n'y semble pas assujetti. La nature de la responsabilité de ce dernier vis-à-vis les tiers est par conséquent problématique. Nous nous sommes donc interrogé sur la possible application des thèses classiques de la responsabilité du commettant et du mandat apparent. Ainsi, alors qu'à priori on soit tenté de rejetter l'application de ces thèses au fait du franchisage, il est apparu d'une part que les fondements de l'article 1054, al. 7, C.C. peuvent recevoir écho dans la relation franchiseur/franchisé et, d'autre part, que l'application jurisprudentielle de l'article 1730 C. C. va bien au-delà de ce qu'une interprétation stricte du texte autoriserait.
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-CALVET, Michel. „La stratégie de l'aviation civile : préparée par Eurocontrol pour la CEAC et son application en France“. Revue de l'Electricité et de l'Electronique -, Nr. 08 (2000): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3845/ree.2000.077.
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Riske, Olivier, und Christoph Müller. „Cross-Fertilization between Swiss and Turkish Tort Laws“. European Review of Private Law 22, Issue 6 (01.12.2014): 879–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/erpl2014066.
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Abstract: This article analyses how the Swiss 'Draft Project on the Revision and Unification of Civil Liability' (Widmer/Wessner Project) has influenced the new Turkish tort law of 2012. This influence is all the more noteworthy as the Swiss legislator decided in 2009 not to pursue the Widmer/Wessner Project. This paper focuses on the following three instances: (i) the vicarious liability for organizational defects in enterprises [Art. 66 of the Turkish Code of Obligations (TCO)], (ii) the extension of the personal scope of application of the liability for constructions (Art. 69 TCO), and (iii) the general clause of strict liability for abnormally dangerous activities (Art. 71 TCO). By adopting these innovative solutions, which are still being debated among Swiss scholars, the Turkish legal system has overtaken the Swiss model, at least to the extent of these new implementations. In a not so distant future, it might thus very well be that Turkish tort law will have some influence on the Swiss tort law system instead of the opposite. Resumé: Le présent article examine comment l'avant-projet suisse d'une loi fédérale «Révision et unification du droit de la responsabilité civile» (projet Widmer/Wessner) a influencé le nouveau droit turc de la responsabilité civile de 2012. Cette influence est d'autant plus surprenante que le législateur suisse a décidé en 2009 de ne pas donner suite au projet Widmer/Wessner. La présente contribution se concentre sur les trois exemples suivants: (i) la responsabilité pour le défaut d'organisation dans les entreprises [art. 66 du Code des obligations turc (TCO)]; (ii) l'extension du champ d'application personnelle de la responsabilité du propriétaire d'ouvrage (art. 69 TCO) et (iii) la clause générale de responsabilité objective pour des activités particulièrement dangereuses (art. 71 TCO). En adoptant ces trois solutions innovantes qui sont toujours débattues dans la doctrine suisse, le système juridique turc a dépassé le modèle suisse, en tout cas en ce qui concerne ces trois nouveautés. Dans un avenir plus ou moins proche, il se pourrait donc très bien que le droit turc de la responsabilité civile influence à son tour le droit suisse.
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Radovanović, Snežana. „Free citizens, democracy: Assumptions of the application of Roman law“. Megatrend revija 17, Nr. 4 (2020): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/megrev2004041r.
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Majority of the nowdays societies consider that spreding of democracy, rather than limitation of state power, preserves freedom. This idea is in the contrary to antic idea of freedom as the essence of human being and its highest value. By such an idea, the society will be preserved from negative tendencies like democratic despotism (glorifiing power and authority as well as concetration of power in the hands of the leader), and decline of the highest values in global society. In antic polis ius civile used to be applied to free citizens only, rather than strangers, being slaves. As slaves, strangers had no any right recognised, and were acquisited like any other property. Slavery in Roman empire was considered as normal phenomena and was also approved mostly by social and biologic reasons. Ius gentium was, however, by spreading Empire to provncies, apllied to both citizens and strangers. Antic polis produced direct democracy, being ruling of the people, which was duty as well as the priviledge of the free citizens, thus, the priority were public obligations. Nowdays, however, democracy is considered individually, as a protection of individual, its property and private life.
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Graells, Albert Sanchez. „Towards a European Tort Law? — Damages Actions for Breach of the EC Antitrust Rules: Harmonizing Tort Law through the Back Door?“ European Review of Private Law 16, Issue 3 (01.06.2008): 469–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/erpl2008038.
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Abstract: Tort law is not harmonized at the European level. Both substantive and procedural regulations vary substantially across EU Member States. Such regulatory diversity is inevitably reflected in the field of antitrust private enforcement – based on claims for damages inflicted as a result of anticompetitive behaviour, which the European Commission has been strongly encouraging since 2003. A Green Paper on damages actions for breach of the EC antitrust rules was published in December 2005 with the purpose of opening up a reform process aimed at facilitating private damages actions across the EU. The Green Paper put forward most of the divergences in national tort law and civilprocedure regulations that jeopardize the effectiveness of a privately enforced competition system. These differences in national regulations are in contrast with the nearly full de–facto harmonization existing in antitrust law and its public enforcement. To fill this (perceived) gap, the Commission came up with harmonization proposals that imply deep reforms in national tort law and civil procedure regulations. Those proposals are to be developed and further analyzed in a forthcoming White Paper – initially foreseen to be adopted around the turn of the year 2007, now expected in 2008. This paper analyzes the need and adequacy of the harmonization alternatives put forward by the Commission and wonders whether its efforts for the harmonization of antitrust damages actions constitute a ‘backdoor harmonization’ of fundamental aspects of tort law and civilprocedure regulations with much broader implications and effects in fields of law other than antitrust. Résumé: Le Droit de la responsabilité civile n’est pas harmonisée au niveau européen. Au contraire, ses aspects matériels et la procédure varient nettement entre les États membres. Une telle diversité est inévitablement réfléchie dans le domaine de l’application privée du Droit de la Concurrence par LE biais des actions en dommages et intérêts pour des comportements anticoncurrentiels, que la Commission européenne encourage énergiquement depuis 2003. Un Livre Vert sur les actions en dommages et intérêts pour infraction aux règles communautaires sur les ententes et les abus de position dominante a été publié en Décembre 2005 avec l’intention d’ouvrir un processus de réforme qui pourrait faciliter lesdites actions privées dans toute l’UE. Le Livre Vert a identifié la plupart des divergences nationales du Droit de la responsabilité et de la procédure civile que menacent l’efficacité d’un système d’application privée du Droit de la concurrence, et que sont en contraste avec la quasi–pleine harmonisation de facto du Droit de la Concurrence et de son application publique. En conséquence, la Commission a proposé des réformes qui impliqueraient une profonde harmonisation des réglementations nationales du Droit de la responsabilité et de la procédure civile, lesquelles devraient être élaborées et analysées dans un prochain Livre Blanc. Cet article analyse la nécessité et l’adéquation des alternatives d’harmonisation proposées par la Commission et se demande si ses efforts pour l’harmonisation des actions en dommages et intérêts pour violation des règles de la concurrence ne constituent pas une «harmonisation par la porte arrière» des aspects fondamentaux du Droit de la responsabilité et de la procédure civile.
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Janssens, Thomas. „Court of Justice of the European Communities, Case C-89/91, Shearson Lehman Hutton Inc. v TVB Treuhandgesellschaft für Vermögensverwaltung und Beteiligungen GmbH, judgment of“. European Review of Private Law 3, Issue 4 (01.12.1995): 605–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/erpl1995045.
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Abstract. In Shearson Lehman Hutton v TVB (hereinafter “Shearson”), the Court of Justice has clarified the field of application ratione personae of Art. 13 of the Brussels Convention on Jurisdiction and the Enforcement of Judgments in Civil and Commercial Matters of 27 September 1968. The Court held that the special rules of jurisdiction on consumer contracts (Section IV of the Brussels Convention) are not applicable to a plaintiff who acts in pursuance of his trade or profession and therefore is not a consumer party to one of the consumer contracts mentioned in Art. 13, par. 1. Résumé. Dans Shearson Lehman Hutton c./ TVB la Cour de Justice précise le champ d’application ratione personae de l’article 13 de la Convention de Bruxelles sur le compétence et l’exéution des jugements étrangers en matière civile et commercialle du 27 septembre 1968. La Cour juge que les règles spéciales de compétence concernant les contrats conclus par un consommateur (section IV de la Convention de Bruxelles) ne sont pas applicables au demandeur qui agit dans le cadre de son commerce ou de sa profession et n’a donc pas la qualité de consommateur partie au contrat visée par l’article 13, par, 1, même si la créance lui a été cédée par un consommateur.
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Litwin, Christophe. „« Faire parler les Dieux ». De la démocratie impossible au problème de la religion civile chez Rousseau“. Les ateliers de l'éthique 10, Nr. 1 (24.08.2015): 58–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1032729ar.
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Au sens strict, la démocratie est pour Jean-Jacques Rousseau la forme de gouvernement où les corps du gouvernement et du peuple souverain sont identiques. Rousseau jugeant cette forme de gouvernement impossible, les commentateurs opposent à cette acception du terme une acception plus large : « démocratie » désignerait non plus la forme du gouvernement, mais celle de la souveraineté populaire elle-même. Cet article réfute cette interprétation encore trop formelle. Partant du constat que la démocratie est impossible comme forme de gouvernement, sauf pour « un peuple de dieux », je montre d’une part que son idée doit moins se comprendre comme forme que principe de gouvernement, et d’autre part que l’emploi du législateur s’identifie rigoureusement à la mise en application initiale de ce principe. Je dégage ensuite la relation entre ce sens principiel du concept de démocratie et la vertu politique dont Rousseau reprend de façon critique le concept à Montesquieu. Dans la dernière partie, je discute du problème que pose cette conception de la démocratie et de la vertu – qui suppose qu’on mette la loi au-dessus de l’homme – dans le contexte historique et moral de l’Europe moderne où la vertu ne peut plus s’appuyer sur un ressort religieux national.
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Taibi, Sofiane. „L'art urbain des frères Danger. Le comblement du ravin de la Cressonnière à Oran au cours des grands travaux du boulevard Front-de-Mer“. Histoire urbaine N° 66, Nr. 2 (27.06.2023): 95–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rhu.066.0097.
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Le développement de la bande nord de terrains au centre-ville d'Oran a longtemps été retardé par les nombreux ravins qui sillonnaient son plateau et empêchaient son aménagement. Ce n'est que vers la fin des années 1940, en application du PAEE des frères Danger et avec l'exécution des grands travaux menés par le syndicat des « Quartiers neufs », que les ravins d'Oran seront comblés afin de permettre la continuité du grand boulevard promenade du Front-de-Mer. Nous aborderons dans cette contribution l'aménagement du ravin de la Cressonnière. Cette opération des années 1950, bien que critiquée pour son coût et son austérité par certains architectes du mouvement moderne, n'en reste pas moins une leçon d'urbanisme, dont l'esthétique mêlant architectures militaire et civile, s'est perdue depuis. Nous explorerons pareillement à travers cette expérience une période méconnue de l'histoire urbaine d'Oran.
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Babenko, Valeriia. „PREVENTION OF TRADITION, REGULARITY OF POSITIVE RECEIVES, DELL’ARTE CANONICAL CODE REVALUATION. COMMANDARY TRANSFORMATION OF COMMEDIA CIVILE RUSTICALE INTO COMMEDIA DELL’ARTE (ITALIAN DRAMATURGY)“. LITERARY PROCESS: methodology, names, trends, Nr. 13 (2019): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.28925/2412-2475.2019.1310.
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The author of the article studies the peculiarities of comedy dell’arte, regularities of its poetic techniques. Particular attention is drawn to the style and genre of the dramatic works. The masks of dell’arte (mainly zan), having gone from the notion of a dual creature that is on the verge of a funny and terrible, profane and sacred («spirits and ghosts» of the cult of the crops of fertility, devils of the mysterious action), to the mask types of comedy del arte and further - masks-characters in the work of Goldoni, at the turn of the 19–20 centuries, turned into a symbol of the ancient theater, theater-balagan, the theater is extremely conditional and play, emphasizing the concept of «theatrical theater» in art. Mask dell’arte as the unity of the actor and the character actually ceased to exist, but it was in the traditions of this theater and its characters found inspiration for directors, poets, artists at the turn of the century. The main artistic means of comedy dell’arte are analyzed. The conducted research shows that the main aesthetic principles of commedia dell’arte are reduced to the aesthetic system, which contains three essential elements: firstly, the theater is kept by a professional actor, who completely gives himself to the theater; secondly, the influence of the theater is stronger because of the synthesis of arts: plastic, music, dance and words; and thirdly, the soul of the performance is an action. The methods used in the paper are mixed: close reading, historical data processing, analyses of interdisciplinary resources (literary gerontology, social gerontology, theatre studies). The innovative solution lies in the application of interdisciplinary approach to close reading of drama texts. The results can be practical for classes of Italian literature and study of culture, theatre.
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Oswald, Bruce M. „The creation and control of places of protection during United Nations peace operations“. International Review of the Red Cross 83, Nr. 844 (Dezember 2001): 1013–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1560775500183518.
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Résumé La création de zones protégées est un moyen de mettre la population civile à l'abri des hostilités. Cet article examine le régime juridique de la création et du contrôle de zones protégées lors des opérations de paix des Nations Unies. L'auteur se penche sur le droit international et la pratique des États dans les cas où les forces des Nations Unies ont, en application du Chapitre VII de la Charte, établi et contrôlé des zones protégées, sans le consentement de certaines ou de l'ensemble des parties au conflit. Il étudie en outre les éléments juridiques, sur lesquels se fondent les forces des Nations Unies pour créer et contrôler des zones protégées, alors qu'aucun mandat ne leur a été explicitement donné. L'auteur conclut que les casques bleus peuvent, dans certaines circonstances, être juridiquement fondés à agir de la sorte même s'ils n'ont pas un mandat explicite du Conseil de sécurité.
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Aragüete-Toribio, Zahira. „Introduction“. Social Anthropology/Anthropologie sociale 30, Nr. 3 (01.09.2022): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/saas.2022.300302.
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English Abstract: In recent (post-)conflict scenarios, the diversity and complexity of mass violence, including acts of enforced disappearance and extrajudicial or summary executions, have transformed how knowledge about such crimes is performed and produced socially. In inquiries into human rights violations, the search for, exhumation and identification of missing bodies often buried in mass graves have led distinct applications of forensic work to emerge. These have some differences from traditional crime scene investigation approaches. Novel interactions between forensic science practitioners and the communities where they operate have given place to unprecedented sociocultural, affective and scientific understandings of evidencing mass crimes. Drawing on different ethnographic experiences of unearthing human remains around the world, this collection considers how, in its judicial but also its extrajudicial application, forensic expertise has been transformed in connection to other epistemologies, collective and individual mourning, kinship, memory and a new politics and ethics of care in distinct state- and civil society-led pursuits to account for the dead and missing.French Abstract: Dans les scénarios récents de (post-)conflit, la diversité et la complexité de la violence de masse (y compris les actes de disparition forcée et les exécutions extrajudiciaires ou sommaires) ont transformé la manière dont la connaissance de ces crimes est acquise et produite socialement. Dans le cadre des enquêtes sur les violations des droits de l’homme, la recherche, l’exhumation et l’identification des corps disparus, souvent enterrés dans des fosses communes, ont suscité l’émergence d’applications distinctes du travail médico-légal. Celles-ci diffèrent des approches traditionnelles des enquêtes sur les scènes de crime. Les nouvelles interactions entre les praticiens de la médecine légale et les communautés où ils opèrent ont donné lieu à des compréhensions de la mise en évidence des crimes de masse socioculturelles, affectives et scientifiques sans précédent. En s’appuyant sur différentes expériences ethnographiques de mise au jour de restes humains à travers le monde, cette collection examine comment, dans son application judiciaire mais aussi extrajudiciaire, l’expertise médico-légale a été transformée en relation avec d’autres épistémologies, le deuil collectif et individuel, la parenté, la mémoire, ainsi qu’une nouvelle politique et une nouvelle éthique de la prise en charge dans le cadre des efforts distincts menés par l’État et la société civile pour rendre compte des morts et des disparus.
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Maku, Elie Katenga. „Organisation, fonctionnement et compétence du Tribunal de commerce“. KAS African Law Study Library - Librairie Africaine d’Etudes Juridiques 8, Nr. 4 (2021): 489–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/2363-6262-2021-4-489.
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La présente étude est consacrée à l’« organisation, fonctionnement et compétence du Tribunal de commerce ». Son contenu s’articule autour de l’analyse de la législation qui régit le Tribunal de commerce en République Démocratique du Congo. De cette réflexion, il s’est avérée que la loi du 03 juillet 2001 prévoit un régime juridique applicable à la juridiction précitée. La spécialité des règles qui régissent le Tribunal de commerce distingue cette instance juridictionnelle des Tribunaux de Paix et des Tribunaux de Grande Instance dans plusieurs matières, entre autres, la présence des juges consulaires dans la composition des chambres alors qu’ils ne sont pas magistrats. Vingt ans après son application en République Démocratique du Congo, la réalité est que le texte législatif en examen est imprécis et obsolète. L’imprécision réside dans le fait que le législateur prévoit des règles organiques, procédurales et de compétences qui sont identiques tant dans un contentieux pénal que dans un litige civil. L’obsoléité est manifestement palpable d’abord dans le silence du législateur sur plusieurs questions de droit que la législation supranationale renvoie au droit national, en suite dans le contenu de certains articles. Fort de ce constat, il est crucial de procéder à une réforme profonde de la loi du 03 juillet 2001 portant création, organisation et fonctionnement des Tribunaux de commerce afin de rendre précises ses règles organiques, procédurales et de compétences selon que nous sommes en matière pénale ou en matière civile. En outre, la réforme visera aussi à adapter le contenu de la loi précitée au cadre juridique actuel fortement influencé par le droit communautaire.
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Marino, Silvia. „Use of standard forms in EU Civil Judicial Cooperation: the case of the European Certificate of Succession = L’uso di formulari standard nella cooperazione giudiziaria civile: il caso del certificato successorio europeo“. CUADERNOS DE DERECHO TRANSNACIONAL 12, Nr. 1 (05.03.2020): 627. http://dx.doi.org/10.20318/cdt.2020.5209.
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Abstract: The present paper analyses the recent judgment of the Court of Justice of the European Union in the Brisch case. The reference for preliminary ruling concerns the optional or mandatory nature of the application form established by the Succession Implementing Regulation for the issue of an European Certificate of Succession. The present paper tackles the general framework, from the current CJEU’s case law on the Succession Regulation’s provisions on the ECS, to the main procedural issues. Then, an analysis of the case and of the CJEU’s reasoning is offered. The concluding remarks submit some considerations on the impact of the standard forms established by the EU Regulations within the civil judicial cooperation.Palabras clave: European Certificate of Succession, Standard Forms, Succession Regulation No 650/2012, Implementing Regulation No 1329/2014.Riassunto: Il presente contributo analizza la recente sentenza Brisch della Corte di giustizia dell’Unione europea. La domanda di pronuncia pregiudiziale verte sulla natura del modello di domanda di emissione del certificato successorio europeo, previsto dal regolamento di esecuzione del regolamento sulle successioni transfrontaliere. Pertanto, il contributo affronta lo stato attuale della giurisprudenza della Corte di giustizia sul certificato successorio europeo e le regole procedimentali fondamentali per il suo ottenimento. Quindi, è analizzato il caso con particolare attenzione alla motivazione della Corte. Infine, le conclusioni presentano alcune considerazioni più generali sul valore e sugli effetti dei moduli standard, previsti nei regolamenti dell’Unione in materia di cooperazione giudiziaria civile.Parole chiave: certificato successorio europeo, moduli standard, regolamento 650/2012 sulle successioni transfrontaliere, regolamento d’esecuzione 1329/2014
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Moscarelli, Fernanda. „La place de la biodiversité dans les documents de planification urbaine en France“. urbe. Revista Brasileira de Gestão Urbana 8, Nr. 3 (22.08.2016): 407–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2175-3369.008.003.ao09.
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Resumé La prise de conscience par les acteurs sociaux et politiques des enjeux environnementaux et de la nécessité de conservation de la biodiversité va conduire à de nouvelles politiques et à l'utilisation d’outils de planification territoriale novateurs comme le Schéma de Cohérence Territorial (SCoT). Le SCoT est l’instrument central de l’aménagement communautaire urbain français, qui associe le rôle d’assemblage de plusieurs politiques sectorielles et de coordination multi-scalaire aux objectifs de conception de villes durables. Il est donc souhaité que les SCoTs soient capables: (a) d’améliorer les procédures d’aménagement par l’instauration de territoires de planification mieux adaptés aux enjeux, (b) d’élargir le dialogue entre acteurs et société civile et (c) d’agir pour la “soutenabilité” des villes. Nous nous interrogeons ici sur la prise en compte de la biodiversité dans les stratégies et prescriptions mises en place par les SCoTs de la Communauté d’Agglomération de Montpellier et de la Région Urbaine Grenobloise. A partir d’une analyse empirique, nous prétendons identifier les stratégies prescrites et les limites de ces documents d’urbanisme en ce qui concerne ces stratégies et leur application, la pertinence des périmètres de projet et d’action.
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Scala, Francesca. „Experts, embryons et « économie d’innovation » : la recherche sur les cellules souches dans le discours politique au Canada“. II. Démocratisation de la gestion des risques, Nr. 50 (29.06.2004): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/008280ar.
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Résumé Les décisions relatives aux programmes de recherche sur les nouvelles technologies de reproduction et leur application ont été principalement prises en dehors de la société civile et des arènes politiques officielles. Parmi plusieurs cadres théoriques qui soulignent le rôle du discours dans l’établissement du cadre des questions politiques, la présente étude examine le rôle dominant que jouent les experts médico-scientifiques, tant au niveau des délibérations sur la recherche embryologique que sur les structures institutionnelles qui assurent leur indépendance dans ce domaine. L’étude explore ensuite les différents discours qui ont vu le jour lors de la Commission sur les nouvelles techniques de reproduction et explique comment les limites « moralement acceptables » sur la recherche embryologique ont été négociées et légitimées. Finalement, l’étude examine comment le discours médico-scientifique et l’autorité cognitive des experts scientifiques ont influencé la ligne de conduite du gouvernement fédéral canadien sur la recherche embryologique. Ce faisant, ce texte souligne le « lien discursif » entre la rhétorique du progrès scientifique, avancé par la communauté scientifique, et la Stratégie d’innovation du Parti libéral, laquelle vise à accroître la compétitivité économique du Canada en renforçant sa capacité dans les domaines de la recherche et de la science.
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Du Plessis, Hanri Magdalena. „Legal Pluralism, uBuntu and the Use of Open Norms in the South African Common Law of Contract“. Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal 22 (23.10.2019): 1–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2019/v22i0a6456.
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In this article, a comparison is drawn between the role of good faith in the development of the Roman law of contract and the emerging role of ubuntu in the South African common law of contract. Firstly, it is shown how the Romans realised that their existing formal and rigid laws could not address the changing legal needs of the community due to the influx of foreigners (especially foreign traders) into Rome. In reaction to the changing commercial environment, they introduced flexible legal procedures and a more normative approach to these legal transactions to achieve fairness and justice between the contracting parties. This worked so well that the new flexible procedures and normative principles were transferred to the existing formalistic law. Gradually the existing ius civile became subject to a more normative interpretation in the interests of justice through the use of the open norm of good faith. It is argued that in a similar way, ubuntu can be used to address legal pluralism in the South African legal system, and its application as an underlying constitutional value could result in the better use of the open norm of good faith to address contractual unfairness.
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Stoianov, Lubomir Petrov, Emilia Emilova Ganeva und Georgi Goshev. „Towards a Real Reconciliation of Centralised and Decentralised Approach in Legal Regulation: Application of an AI-Toolkit to a Problem of Jurisprudence“. European Journal of Economics and Business Studies 5, Nr. 1 (30.08.2016): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejes.v5i1.p163-175.
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We present results from the implementation of an approach and a toolkit overcoming the limitations of the existing approaches by which law creates mechanisms for regulating socio-economic interests. In the centralized approach the rules come down from the rulers to the ruled ones. That limits the range of interested individuals to establish and implement regulatory mechanisms. In the decentralized approach, if necessary, rulers delegate certain individuals to create rules ad hoc, expanding the range of subjects of decision. This presupposes possibility of power abuse and take conflicting decisions in analogous cases.These disadvantages have been identified back in the ancient Rome. For their overcoming the systems of ius civile and ius honorarium were combined (II B.C.-I A.C.). Such attempts continue, for example within the EU law. A model that overcomes these disadvantages hasn`t been applied so far, because optimal and socially-efficient combination of centralized and decentralized approaches presupposes specific mechanisms. Their establishment and implementation should cover all interested individuals by coordinating and integrating the partial decisions, guaranteeing an optimal adaptability of the society towards the environment. Such mechanisms are achievable by the application of a cognitive approach, methodology and the G-space architecture for identifying inaccurately or mistakenly formulated motivational mechanisms in legislation. We describe how this set of cognitive instruments could be used to correct mistakes in existing legislation and design new, subject to ex-ante defined purposes. We show that the approach, methodology and G-space architecture extend the boundaries of the inter-disciplinary area of Artificial Intelligence in Law.
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Mozas, E., und I. Bertsch. „Prévention des violences sexuelles en France : un enjeu de santé publique ?“ European Psychiatry 30, S2 (November 2015): S137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2015.09.270.
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En France, en matière de prise en charge des auteurs de violences sexuelles (AVS) l’accent est actuellement porté sur la prévention. Ce concept recouvre une réalité d’expérience vaste et multiple qui semble difficile à délimiter. Ce poster propose un modèle global des actions de prévention des agressions sexuelles menées en France auprès des AVS. Il aura la particularité d’organiser le champ de ces actions autour de 2 axes dans une perspective de santé publique :– l’articulation des principaux acteurs de prévention : la Justice, la Santé et la Société Civile ;– la trajectoire du patient au regard de la temporalité des comportements (étendus de l’avant premier passage à l’acte, jusqu’à la récidive).L’interaction de ces deux principes, nous permet de proposer trois niveaux d’actions de prévention auprès des AVS, en référence à la définition de l’OMS :– le niveau primaire : concerne les préoccupations et les recherches portant sur la survenue du premier passage à l’acte sexuel (la souffrance et l’écoute des AVS) ;– le niveau secondaire correspond aux actions sanitaires et judiciaires soutenues par l’évolution législative (psychothérapie, application des peines et lutte contre la désocialisation) ;–le niveau tertiaire dont la conception étend la prévention au domaine de la réadaptation en cherchant à favoriser la réinsertion professionnelle et sociale (rôle des centre ressources, accompagnement SPIP, étayage sur le réseau social).
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Soh Fogno, Denis Roger. „L’impact des normes de la Forest Law Enforcement, Governance and Trade sur la protection des forêts de l’Afrique centrale : étude à partir du cas du Cameroun“. Les Cahiers de droit 59, Nr. 1 (28.02.2018): 285–324. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1043693ar.
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En privilégiant la signature des Accords de Partenariat Volontaires (APV) individuels avec la plupart des pays producteurs de bois de l’Afrique centrale, l’Union européenne et les pays signataires affichent leur volonté de lancer une croisade contre l’exploitation illégale du bois et assurent, de manière à peine déguisée, la mainmise de l’Union sur le bois exploité dans ces pays. L’application effective de ces APV est récente, certes. Toutefois, jusqu’ici, leur impact sur la protection des forêts de l’Afrique centrale en général et sur celles du Cameroun en particulier reste mitigé au regard de la quantité de bois illégalement exploité qui continue d’y circuler. Cette persistance de l’exploitation illégale du bois peut se justifier par la présence pernicieuse de la pauvreté dans la plupart des pays producteurs de bois de l’Afrique centrale, laquelle est parfois maladroitement avancée pour justifier la corruption endémique dans ces États. Le bois ainsi illégalement exploité ne profite guère aux couches vulnérables de la population, mais engraisse une poignée de fonctionnaires aigrefins, situés parfois jusqu’au sommet de l’administration civile et policière. Alors, si l’impact des normes de la Forest Law Enforcement, Governance and Trade (FLEGT) sur la protection des forêts de l’Afrique centrale est perceptible du fait de leur application mitigée, cet impact reste perfectible par l’élargissement du champ matériel et territorial d’application de ces normes, la lutte contre la pauvreté et la corruption, etc.
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Lahmann, Henning, und Robin Geiß. „The use of AI in military contexts: opportunities and regulatory challenges“. Military Law and the Law of War Review 59, Nr. 2 (19.01.2022): 165–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/mllwr.2021.02.02.
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While the use of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine-learning algorithms in the context of armed conflicts has been subject to scholarly and political debate for at least the past half-decade, to date discussions have focused on the possible development and deployment of lethal autonomous weapon systems. Going beyond this narrow perspective, the article draws attention to other military uses of AI that are conceivable or in fact already exist, for example for the purpose of detention, force protection, equipment maintenance, or reconnaissance. It critically examines these different applications from a legal and ethical perspective, exposing some of the challenges inherent in the technology such as algorithmic bias or predictability. On the basis of existing and emerging approaches to the regulation of ‘civilian’ AI, the article concludes by proposing a granular, tiered way to future regulation of military AI that proceeds from the criticality of each particular application. Alors que le recours à l’intelligence artificielle et aux algorithmes d’apprentissage automatique dans le contexte des conflits armés a fait l’objet d’un débat entre spécialistes et au niveau politique durant au moins ces cinq dernières années, les discussions se sont concentrées jusqu’alors sur le développement et le déploiement possibles de systèmes d’armes létaux autonomes. Cet article va au-delà de cette perspective restrictive et attire l’attention sur d’autres usages militaires de l’intelligence artificielle qui sont concevables ou qui existent déjà, par exemple à des fins de détention, de protection des forces armées, d’entretien de l’équipement ou de reconnaissance. Il examine de manière critique ces différentes applications d’un point de vue légal et éthique, en exposant certains des défis inhérents à la technologie, tels que le biais algorithmique ou la prévisibilité. En se basant sur des approches existantes ou émergentes relatives à la réglementation de l’intelligence artificielle «civile», l’article propose pour conclure une approche graduelle de la future réglementation en matière d’intelligence artificielle, en partant du caractère critique de chaque application particulière. Hoewel het gebruik van artificiële intelligentie (AI) en machine learning-algoritmen in de context van gewapende conflicten al gedurende minstens de laatste vijf jaar onderwerp is van wetenschappelijk en politiek debat, zijn de discussies tot nu toe vooral gericht geweest op de mogelijke ontwikkeling en inzet van dodelijke autonome wapensystemen. Het artikel gaat verder dan dit beperkte perspectief en vestigt de aandacht op andere militaire toepassingen van AI die denkbaar zijn of in feite al bestaan, bijvoorbeeld voor detentie, troepenbescherming, materieelonderhoud of verkenning. Deze verschillende toepassingen worden kritisch onderzocht vanuit een juridisch en ethisch perspectief, waarbij enkele uitdagingen worden blootgelegd die inherent zijn aan de technologie, zoals algoritmische vooringenomenheid of voorspelbaarheid. Op basis van bestaande en opkomende benaderingen van de reglementering van “civiele” AI, wordt in het artikel tot slot een stapsgewijze manier voorgesteld voor de toekomstige reglementering van militaire AI, die uitgaat van het kritische karakter van elke specifieke toepassing. Mentre l’uso dell’intelligenza artificiale (AI) e degli algoritmi di apprendimento automatico nel contesto dei conflitti armati è stato oggetto di dibattito accademico e politico per almeno l’ultimo mezzo decennio, ad oggi le discussioni si sono concentrate sul possibile sviluppo e dispiegamento di sistemi d’arma autonomi letali. Superando questa limitata prospettiva, l’articolo richiama l’attenzione su altri usi militari dell’IA immaginari o che di fatto già esistono, per esempio a scopo di detenzione, protezione delle forze, manutenzione delle attrezzature o ricognizione. L’articolo esamina criticamente queste diverse applicazioni da una prospettiva legale ed etica, mettendo in luce alcune sfide insite nella tecnologia, come la distorsione algoritmica o la prevedibilità. Sulla base degli approcci esistenti ed emergenti alla regolamentazione dell’IA “civile”, l’articolo conclude proponendo una precisa e graduale via per la futura regolamentazione dell’IA militare che consegue alla criticità di ogni particolare applicazione. Si bien el empleo de inteligencia artificial (IA) y de algoritmos de aprendizaje automático en el contexto de los conflictos armados ha sido objeto de debate académico y político durante al menos la última media década, hasta la fecha las discusiones se han centrado en el posible desarrollo y despliegue de sistemas letales de armas autónomos. Más allá de esta perspectiva particular, el artículo llama la atención sobre otros usos militares de la IA que son concebibles o que de hecho, por ejemplo, ya existen con fines de detención, protección de la fuerza, mantenimiento de equipos o reconocimiento. Se examinan críticamente estas diferentes aplicaciones desde una perspectiva legal y ética, exponiendo algunos de los desafíos inherentes a la tecnología, como el sesgo algorítmico o la previsibilidad. Partiendo de la base de los enfoques ya existentes y emergentes para la regulación de la IA “civil”, el artículo concluye proponiendo una alternativa granular y escalonada de cara a la futura regulación de la IA militar con fundamento en un análisis crítico de cada aplicación en particular. Obwohl die Anwendung von künstlicher Intelligenz (KI) und von Algorithmen für maschinelles Lernen im Kontext bewaffneter Konflikte mindestens in den letzten fünf Jahren Gegenstand wissenschaftlicher und politischer Debatten gewesen ist, fokussierten die Diskussionen bisher auf die mögliche Entwicklung und den möglichen Einsatz letaler autonomer Waffensysteme. Über diesen Gesichtspunkt hinaus lenkt der Artikel die Aufmerksamkeit auf andere denkbare oder tatsächlich bereits existierende militärische Anwendungen der KI, zum Beispiel zum Zwecke der Haft, des Schutzes der eigenen Kräfte, der Ausrüstungswartung oder Aufklärung. Der Autor prüft diese verschiedenen Anwendungen kritisch aus gesetzlicher und ethischer Sicht, und legt dabei einige der Herausforderungen offen, die der Technologie inhärent sind, wie algorithmische Voreingenommenheit oder Voraussagbarkeit. Auf der Basis existierender und neu aufkommender Vorgehensweisen in Bezug auf die Reglementierung “ziviler” KI schlägt der Artikel zum Schluss eine stufenweise künftige Reglementierung militärischer KI vor, die von der Kritikalität jeder besonderen Anwendung ausgeht.
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Andreola, Emanuela. „Divorzio che riporta i termini del trust già istituito in seguito alla separazione (Trib. Pisa, 18 aprile 2023)“. Trusts, Nr. 6 (07.12.2023): 1104–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.35948/1590-5586/2023.447.
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Tesi Ai coniugi è da tempo riconosciuto un ampio potere di disposizione per disciplinare gli effetti della crisi del matrimonio. Nel ricorso per separazione e nella domanda congiunta di divorzio l’autonomia negoziale si estrinseca attraverso l’inserimento di accordi a contenuto patrimoniale, accessori alla convenzione base di vivere separati. Gli atti di contenuto patrimoniale possono comprendere negozi traslativi, costitutivi di diritti o segregativi del patrimonio in funzione della tutela degli interessi della famiglia, tra i quali anche il trust familiare che presenta elementi di duttilità e versatilità maggiori rispetto ad istituti dettati dal codice civile a protezione dei bisogni della famiglia e risulta funzionale a garantire l’adempimento degli obblighi contributivi, nonché a vincolare la destinazione della casa coniugale. Il trust familiare, quale strumento negoziale utilizzato nell’ambito dei rapporti patrimoniali, sia nella fase fisiologica che patologica del matrimonio, rappresenta un mezzo di protezione maggiormente versatile rispetto ai sistemi tradizionali, che rende particolarmente effettiva la tutela dei diritti dedotti nel vincolo di destinazione. In caso di contestazione sulla legittimità e opponibilità dell’atto istitutivo, e relativi atti dispositivi, occorre verificare la causa concreta dell’operazione negoziale, e la meritevolezza degli interessi perseguiti con il trust familiare. The author’s view Spouses have long been given a wide power of disposition to regulate the effects of the marriage crisis. In the separation report and in the joint application of divorce, the negotiation autonomy is expressed through the insertion of agreements with patrimonial content, ancillary to the basic convention of separate living. Acts of assets may include transactions in translation, constituting rights or segregating assets in order to protect the family’s interests, including the family trust, which has more flexibility and versatility than institutions dictated by the civil code to protect the needs of the family. The family trust, as a contract used in the property relations, both in the physiological and pathological phase of marriage, represents a protection instrument more versatile than traditional systems, which makes particularly effective the protection of the rights deducted in the bond of destination. In case of a dispute on the legality and effectivity of the founding act, and related disposition, it is necessary to verify the negotiation transaction concrete cause, and the merits of the interests pursued with the family trust.
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DUCLOS, Raphaëlle, Elsa DELANOUE, Anne-Charlotte DOCKÈS, Laurent JOURNAUX, Michel SOURDIOUX und Jean-Pierre BIDANEL. „Les modifications ciblées du génome appliquées aux animaux d’élevage : à la croisée des controverses“. INRAE Productions Animales 35, Nr. 1 (17.05.2022): 61–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2022.35.1.5524.
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Les outils de modification du génome sont nombreux et peuvent conduire à des utilisations variées : inactivation, mutation, suppression ou insertion d’un élément d’ADN ou d’un gène dans un organisme. Certaines méthodes induisent une modification aléatoire, tandis que d’autres, qui nous intéressent plus particulièrement, s’effectuent de manière ciblée. Quels que soit les outils choisis, les types de modification réalisés ou la finalité de ces modifications, il s’agit d’un sujet controversé. Cet article s’intéresse aux débats qu’engendre la potentielle application aux animaux d’élevage de ces outils génétiques et cherche à montrer que ce sujet, pour l’instant l’apanage de spécialistes, réunit toutes les conditions pour se transformer en controverse publique. Une première partie revient sur les principales incertitudes que soulève le sujet et s’arrête sur les débats entourant le cadre juridique. Nous explorons ensuite les approches thématiques possibles du sujet, en revenant sur la controverse autour des OGM et le cas du saumon produit par la société Aquabounty aux états-Unis, jusqu’à récemment l’unique Animal Génétiquement Modifié (AGM) autorisé sur le marché alimentaire. Une troisième partie présente les acteurs qui s’expriment sur le sujet et les rares évocations des AGM en France confirment que le sujet reste confiné au milieu scientifique et professionnel, l’AGM devenant alors un révélateur de dynamiques relationnelles qu’entretiennent sciences et société. Enfin, nous montrons que, bien que les acteurs de la société civile ne se sont pas encore emparés du sujet, les rares prises de position observées laissent penser que l’intéressement par le prisme du bien-être animal ne fonctionne pas.
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Bandžović, Sead. „Ropstvo u Antičkom Rimu“. Historijski pogledi 6, Nr. 9 (20.06.2023): 391–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.52259/historijskipogledi.2023.6.9.391.
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The institution of slavery was characteristic of all the civilizations from Mediterranean basin in ancient times. However, slavery had its widest application in the Roman state, for which it was of immense importance, since slaves were seen as the driving force of Roman social and economic system. Slaves (servus, puer) were treated as “speaking tools” (instrumentum vocale). The position of the individual in the Roman state was regulated in detail, and there were three special positions: status civitatis (Roman citizen or foreigner), status familiae (elder of the family or its member under the rule of pater familias) and status libertatis (slave or free man). Slaves had a special legal status in Roman law at the time. Unlike animals and things over which power was referred to as domicium, this was about power over man, so the term domicia potestas was used. In the initial stages of the development of state and the law, they were viewed exclusively as property, without any personal, property or other rights. Thus the puer could not be a party to the proceedings, and his union with the slave girl was treated as a de facto union (contubernium), not as a valid marriage. He could only improve the position of his master, and if the servus would cause some damage to a third party, the master was not obliged to eliminate it, but according to Aquilius law of damage from 287 AD there was a possibility of handing over the slave to the injured party according to the principles of noxal liability. An individual could find himself in the status of a slave in three ways: by falling into captivity in war, by being born to a slave mother (vernae) or by losing his freedom as a form of sanction. In addition to private and royal, there were also so-called public slaves (servi publici). Their owner was not a private person, but a wider social community, and power over them was officially exercised by the Roman people (populus Romanus), civilian authorities in municipalities or colonies in Italy and its provinces. Servi publici were most often employed by magistrates or priests, and they also worked as guardians of various Roman buildings: basilicas, temples, archives and libraries. Roman law also knew of other forms of subordination that were not a form of slavery but states similar to it. The first aspect referred to persons in mancipio who were handed over by the pater famillias through mancipation to another elder as labor or to avoid tortious liability. The second case concerned addictus. Under the old civil law (ius civile) the addictus was a debtor in a certain obligatory relationship where, in case of non-payment of his obligation, he would be assigned to the creditor. The creditor had to keep him in the so-called creditor’s imprisonment for 60 days, until a guarantor appeared or the debt was repaid. If this did not happen, the debtor could be killed or sold as a slave. Persons redeemed from captivity (redempti ab hostibus) could be held captive by the redeemer until the ransom is paid either in money or by the work of the redeemed person. During the period of the empire, the duration of captivity of this kind could last for a maximum of 5 years. Gai Institutiones also classified auctoratus in these states. These included men, women and minor children who undertook to work for a person for a certain period of time (iudicati). Liberation from slavery was done through a special legal procedure (manumissio). In the early epochs of the ius civile, it was of an extremely formal nature, and with later praetorian activity this formalism was abandoned and replaced by new, more efficient legal means.
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S. David, Graber. „Thermodynamic Concepts in Civil Engineering“. Universal Journal of Civil Engineering 2, Nr. 1 (16.06.2023): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.37256/ujce.2120232177.
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Thermodynamics is not always done well or usefully brought to bear in civil engineering. This paper addresses historical aspects of misunderstandings of thermodynamic concepts; applies the Second Law of Thermodynamics to applications including shock waves in compressible fluid flow, the tidal bore, spillway flow , and junction flow. Additional applications of thermodynamics in civil engineering are discussed. These include deriving hydraulic transient wave celerities for waterhammer analyses; the First Law of Thermodynamics for a closed system and for a control volume; one-dimensional flow, energy loss due to friction; parallel incompressible flow; application of the control volume to a pressure conduit; the modified Bernoulli equation; tees with small inflow and outflow branches; isentropic flow of a perfect gas and its application to flow metering, determination of choked flow conditions, and determination of the shaft power required to drive a blower.
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Hengjin, Gao. „Application Analysis of New Civil Engineering Materials“. Journal of Engineering Research and Reports 26, Nr. 5 (15.04.2024): 183–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jerr/2024/v26i51145.
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In recent years, with the continuous development of the technical level in the field of construction, new civil engineering materials have a wide range of applications in various fields, the limitations of traditional building materials lead to the need for more sustainable and cost-effective alternative materials to meet the construction needs of civil engineering. This paper analyzes the new civil engineering materials, discusses the characteristics of high-performance concrete, new steel and composite materials, and analyzes the application strategies of new civil engineering materials in practical application fields, aiming to provide constructive suggestions for improving the construction quality of civil engineering and the application efficiency of new materials.
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Mabiala Ma Diambu, Georges Christian. „Applications de la Géophysique en Génie civil : cas de la Reconnaissance Géotechnique“. Revue Congolaise des Sciences & Technologies 02, Nr. 02 (07.08.2023): 336–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.59228/rcst.023.v2.i2.36.
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La géophysique a pour objet l’étude du champ physique à la surface du sol ou à l’intérieur d’une cavité. Pour ce faire, elle passe par des méthodes tels que la gravimétrie, la sismique, les méthodes électriques en courant continue, etc. Ces méthodes trouvent aussi leurs applications dans d’autres domaines, particulièrement en génie civil. Cela passe par la reconnaissance géotechnique du terrain sur lequel on projette realiser des ouvrages. Cette reconnaissance oriente les travaux de construction. La géophysique intervient aussi dans la maintenance des ouvrages comme le diagnostic des digues ou l’auscultation des barrages et des ponts. Mots clés: Géophysique, reconnaissance géotechnique, génie civil, ouvrages.
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Panhaleux, Loïc. „Cour d'appel de Rennes (Ch 2) 12 juillet 1989 : Clause - Agriculture - Action en paiement - Procédure civile - Compétence - Compétence territoriale - Validité (non) - L. 30 Décembre 1988 - D. 29 mai 1989 - Application de la loi dans le temps“. Revue juridique de l'Ouest 2, Nr. 4 (1989): 579–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/juro.1989.1768.
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Arkhipova, Olga A., und Taras Y. Luzyanin. „О ПРИМЕНЕНИИ ГРАЖДАНСКОГО ЗАКОНОДАТЕЛЬСТВА В РЕГУЛИРОВАНИИ ТРУДОВЫХ ОТНОШЕНИЙ“. Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Pravo, Nr. 22(4) (01.12.2016): 107–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/22253513/22/12.
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Dаvronov, Doniyorbek. „Procedure and basis for application of procedural coercive measures“. Tsul legal report 3, Nr. 1 (15.03.2022): 68–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.51788/tsul.lr.3.1./whzg3409.
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This article analyzes the types of coercive measures used in civil proceedings, including coercion, warning, expulsion from the courtroom, and court fines. The article also discusses the grounds, procedure and timing of the application of coercive measures, the need for coercive measures and the practical problems arising in the process of litigation, the experience of international countries in this area, as well as the application of coercive measures in society. The role and significance of coercive procedural measures in the judicial system, its application, procedure, scope, restrictions and exceptions in the using of coercive measures, including compulsory attendance, the bodies authorized to apply these measures, their rights and obligations established by the law, relations between judicial bodies and bodies authorized to implement coercive procedural measures, comparative analysis of national and foreign civil procedural legislation on applying of coercive measures in civil court proceedings, similarities and different aspects, making suggestions and recommendations on improving procedural coercive measures in civil proceedings are analyzed
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Amos, E. M., D. Blakeway und C. D. Warren. „Remote Sensing Techniques in Civil Engineering Surveys“. Geological Society, London, Engineering Geology Special Publications 2, Nr. 1 (1986): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.1986.002.01.26.
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AbstractThis paper outlines selected remote sensing techniques and their application to civil engineering surveys.In BS 5930, emphasis has been placed on the interpretation of black and white aerial photography to provide information. However, other techniques such as true colour and false colour infrared photography, thermal infrared, radar and landsat satellite imagery may be useful in appropriate applications.
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Martorell, F., Vicenç Torra, Antonio Isalgué, M. L. Perea, Patrick Terriault und Francisco C. Lovey. „Damping by SMA in Civil Engineering Structures“. Advances in Science and Technology 56 (September 2008): 92–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.56.92.
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The particular properties of Shape Memory Alloys associated to their thermoelastic martensitic transformation with hysteresis permits applications of SMA as a damper via the conversion of the work absorbed in each cycle in heat. The guaranteed behavior requires the appropriateness of SMA for the complete requirements of the application. This work shows two complementary aspects of the SMA application in Civil Engineering, the first of them, the SMA dampers in earthquake damping of a family house. The second aspect relates an elementary approach to the damping of stayed cables in bridges, using some data from the Iroise Bridge. The application in the first case needs long time constancy of properties and then around 200 cycles during an earthquake. In the second case, the fatigue life of SMA imposes that only small strains in the alloy can be accepted. Finally, it is emphasized the importance of working conditions, including temperature and time.
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Cárdenas Mendoza, Diego Ali, Diana Fernanda Uyen Vargas und Gelber Ramírez Cueva. „LA APLICACIÓN DE LA LÓGICA JURÍDICA EN LA TEORÍA DEL CASO Y LA LITIGACIÓN ORAL CIVIL“. SCIENTIARVM 1, Nr. 1 (04.07.2015): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.26696/sci.epg.0132.
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El presente artículo abordará en un inicio sobre la inserción de la litigación oral en los actuales procesos civiles, al amparo del actual Código Procesal Civil, así como también realizar un análisis crítico de la viabilidad y beneficios que brinda esta nueva forma de conducción del proceso, sin desnaturalizar el sistema procesal actual. Asimismo, se abordará el campo de la teoría del caso como acto preparatorio procesal, a fin de arribar a la construcción de este mismo acto, teniendo en observancia la importancia de la lógica jurídica en la elaboración de la teoría del caso, así como también en las técnicas de litigación y la gran influencia de esta misma -lógica jurídica- en la inminente decisión del magistrado. Finalmente, los autores arribaremos a una reflexión final a raíz de los temas expuestos sobre la importancia de la lógica jurídica, no solo para la teoría del caso, sino que, esta se hace extensiva a todos los actos postulatorios a fin de revestir de certeza la tesis ofrecida, esto, dentro de un Estado Constitucional de Derecho. Palabras clave: Derecho Procesal – Litigación Oral – Teoría del caso – Lógica Jurídica – Sentido Común – Demanda.
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Prada, Massimo. „LETTURE MULTIMODALI PER L’EDUCAZIONE LINGUISTICA“. Italiano LinguaDue 14, Nr. 2 (17.01.2023): 85–130. http://dx.doi.org/10.54103/2037-3597/19651.
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L’articolo propone di introdurre l’uso dei testi multimodali nei curricula di educazione linguistica nella scuola secondaria, soprattutto in quella di secondo grado. L’uso di documenti di questo tipo presenta numerosi vantaggi: consente alla scuola di formare all’analisi, alla produzione e all’uso critico di questi artefatti sempre più pervasivi, rispondendo così alle sollecitazioni che provengono dalla Comunità Europea e contribuendo alla formazione professionale e civile dei degli studenti; rende possibile arricchire il patrimonio di modelli testuali in possesso degli studenti, affiancando a quelli letterari solidamente impiantati nei sillabi e a quelli professionali che vi sono in parte entrati da alcuni anni, testi nuovi per concezione, particolari per dinamismo e fondamentali per impatto socioculturale e per la forza modellizzante; promuove la descrizione scalare delle competenze di ricezione e di produzione in un campo ancora poco esplorato. Il contributo si articola in tre sezioni: la prima e la seconda forniscono informazioni sui testi neomediali e modelli per la loro interpretazione; la terza propone attività che implicano interazione telematica. I primi paragrafi, dunque, affrontano alcuni concetti fondamentali per l’analisi dei testi multimodali e descrivono sommariamente le caratteristiche dei testi multimodali, soffermandosi con particolare attenzione su quelli di un ben noto ambiente di condivisione di risorse audio e video; quelli centrali propongono la lettura multimodalmente orientata di alcune pagine tipologicamente differenti del servizio; l’ultimo suggerisce un esercizio applicativo.
Multimodal readings for language education
The article proposes to introduce the use of multimodal texts in language education curricula in secondary school, especially in upper secondary school. The use of documents of this type has numerous advantages: it allows the school to train in the analysis, production and critical use of these increasingly pervasive artefacts, thus responding to the to the solicitations that come from the European Community and contributing to the professional and civil training of students; it makes it possible to enrich the heritage of textual models in the possession of students, combining the literary ones solidly implanted in the sillabuses and the professional ones that have partly entered them some years now, with those of texts new in conception, particular for their dynamism and fundamental for their socio-cultural impact and for their modeling force; it promotes the scalar description of reception and production skills in a field that is still sparely explored. The paper is divided into three sections: the first and the second provide information on neomedial texts and models for their interpretation; the third proposes activities that involve telematic interaction. The first paragraphs, therefore, address some fundamental concepts for the analysis of multimodal texts and briefly describe the characteristics of multimodal texts, focusing on those of a well-known environment for sharing audio and video resources; the central ones propose the multimodally oriented reading of some typologically different pages of the service; the last suggests an application exercise.
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Natalia, Amalia, Yeni Absah und R. Hamdani Harahap. „The Effect of the E-Performance Application and Competency Assessment System on the Performance of Civil Servants with Job Satisfaction as an Intervening Variable in the Context of the Department of Communication and Information of Labuhanbatu Regency“. International Journal of Research and Review 9, Nr. 8 (10.08.2022): 68–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20220806.
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Human Resources (HR) has an important function in determining the success of organizations in facing the challenges of globalization and digitalization. To face these challenges, organizations are required to prepare superior and competent human resources. Since 2014, the government has been implementing e-Performance applications in both the central and local government environments. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of the application of the e-performance and competency assessment systems on the performance of civil servants and also the effect of the application of e-performance and competency assessment systems on the performance of civil servants through job satisfaction of civil servants of the Communication and Information Office at Labuhanbatu Regency. This study uses a structured questionnaire instrument with an interval scale to measure the application of the e-Performance and Competency assessment systems, job satisfaction, and performance of civil servants of the Communication and Information Office at Labuhanbatu Regency. The non-probability sampling technique is by using census sampling to sample as many as 42 respondents. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and path analysis. This study shows that the application of the e-performance assessment system, competence, and job satisfaction have a positive and significant effect on the performance of civil servants of the Communication and Information Office at Labuhanbatu Regency. Keywords: Application of E-performance Assessment System, Competence, Job Satisfaction, Civil Servant Performance
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Lu, Pengzhen, Shengyong Chen und Yujun Zheng. „Artificial Intelligence in Civil Engineering“. Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2012 (2012): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/145974.
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Artificial intelligence is a branch of computer science, involved in the research, design, and application of intelligent computer. Traditional methods for modeling and optimizing complex structure systems require huge amounts of computing resources, and artificial-intelligence-based solutions can often provide valuable alternatives for efficiently solving problems in the civil engineering. This paper summarizes recently developed methods and theories in the developing direction for applications of artificial intelligence in civil engineering, including evolutionary computation, neural networks, fuzzy systems, expert system, reasoning, classification, and learning, as well as others like chaos theory, cuckoo search, firefly algorithm, knowledge-based engineering, and simulated annealing. The main research trends are also pointed out in the end. The paper provides an overview of the advances of artificial intelligence applied in civil engineering.
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P.S., Ramesh, und Muruga Lal Jeyan J.V. „Evaluation of design criteria for mini unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) applications“. Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 94, Nr. 3 (20.10.2021): 327–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aeat-03-2021-0089.
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Purpose This paper aims to evaluate the factors that dictate the design of a mini unmanned aircraft system (UAS). Design/methodology/approach This paper analyses various dimensions that dictate the design criteria for a mini UAS. Findings Compared to civil applications, design of mini UAS for military application is much more challenging owing to combat restrictions. Topics related to civil applications dominate research in the field of mini UAS, with over 60% of the papers accounting for civil applications. Limited published articles related to military applications are available. While 86% of the in-production mini UAS is primarily meant for military applications, only 9% of the research is devoted to military applications of mini UAS. Most mini UAS, although designed primarily for military applications, are also extensively used for various civil applications. Critical aspects that influence the employment of mini UAS in the tactical battlespace are area of interest, type of operation, type of operational tasks, terrain and network-centric operations. All these factors collectively impact the design of a mini UAS. Practical implications According to various studies, mini UAS is the fastest growing segment amongst all classes of UAS. This paper will provide vital inputs to the designers and manufacturers of mini UAS for both military and civil applications. Social implications Mini UAS are in the list of “must-have” for modern militaries across the world and is also growing exponentially in the civil domain. Therefore, it is important to understand the critical factors that dictate the design of mini UAS. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, such an analysis is not available in the open domain.
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Święcicka, Paulina. „PRAWO JURYSPRUDENCYJNE JAKO PRAWNICZY DYSKURS ARGUMENTACYJNY (ZARYS PROBLEMATYKI)“. Zeszyty Prawnicze 11, Nr. 1 (21.12.2016): 317. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/zp.2011.11.1.17.
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Jurists Law as Argumentative DiscourseSummary A preeminent role of jurists in creation of Roman law has been many times underlined and sketched in the modern Romanist’s literature. Most of activities in which jurists engaged fall within the scope of what is named “the Jurists law” –“Juristenrecht”, i.e. the law that has been developed through the activity of the legal experts – the Roman jurists. Therefore the nature of this type of law can perhaps be determined on the best way by description of the main activity of these experts – for Roman Antiquity it means the group of secular representatives of Roman jurisprudence of the pre-classical and classical periodes, considered the era largo sensu in which the Roman law reached its highest development. This activity, aside from cavere and agere, consisted in respondere, i.e. to answer to questions concerning legal problems, and, in that way of explaining the law or – in other words – by means of interpretation – to create new rules, forming in time a great legal corpus. In this sense the interpretatio was to be considered the equivalent of the ius civile (Pomp. lib. sing. enchir. D. 1,2,2,12; Cic., De off. 3,16,65), as well as it was to be contrasted with enacted law. Nevertheless, it is in fact out of the question that such interpretation may denote the entire influence of the Roman jurists upon the development of the law. Several factors of the fundamental significance for existence and development of the Jurists law in Roman Antiquity can be indicated, such as: the continued existence of a group of individuals dedicated to law, and its application; the “personalized” education in law, as well as the scientific literature and techniques of reasoning received by the representatives of the Roman jurisprudence; and finally – the freedom of discussion and disputation that has been absolutely in favor of the divergence of opinions and contradictions of solutions of legal problems that lead to the phenomena of the ius controversum. On the other hand, a particular uncertainty and unpredictability of the Jurists law has to be mentioned as an unavoidable outcome of such broadly understood freedom of contradictory opinions and discursive way of its formation. It was a peculiar aspect of the Jurists law and for this evaluation of no importance is that Ancient Romans appreciated such uncertainty, or – being familiar with controversies – regarded it as a normal feature of the law, because for them it was a jurist – not a “legislator” who worked out a rule of law and determined its application. All these give the basis to propose the thesis about the possibility of speaking about the Jurists Law as an argumentative discourse provided by professionals and operated in connection with some principles and rules that may or should be determine
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Sun, Long, und Xijin Jia. „Measurement Indices of Civil Society and Exploration of Their Localization“. China Nonprofit Review 1, Nr. 1 (2009): 37–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187651409x412714.
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AbstractThis paper is a methodological examination of quantifiable comparisons of civil society. First, we trace the origins of civil society, pointing out the three levels of levels of semantic meaning of civil society and the background of the various applications of the word in modern language. The paper then goes on to introduce several internationally used measurement tools used to quantitatively evaluate civil society, then focuses on the application the Civil Society Index (CSI) in Mainland China to provide thoughts on the development of an evaluation system for the measurement of civil society. Finally, the paper attempts to look at the expanded use of CSI on a number of levels, including organizations, communities and projects.
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Ragani, Sondika, Adrian E. Rompis und Santi Hapsari Dewi Adikancana. „Population and Civil Registration Service of Bandar Lampung City’s Digital Bureaucratic System in Realizing an Effective and Efficient Government“. Pancasila and Law Review 2, Nr. 2 (30.12.2021): 109–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.25041/plr.v2i2.2448.
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Nowadays, technological developments cannot be avoided. Technological developments in this era are to facilitate every human activity. The development of technology today is marked by the number of applications that can facilitate the community's affairs. An example is the application of the Community Online Service from the Population and Civil Registry Office of Bandar Lampung City called Pelayanan Online Masyarakat Duduk Manis (Permen Manis). This application is expected to help community services to help manage population documents and realize an effective and efficient government. The problem identified is the application of digital bureaucracy in the Population and Civil Registration Office, or Dinas Kependudukan dan Pencatatan Sipil (Disdukcapil) of Bandar Lampung City realizes an effective and efficient government? The research uses normative legal research by collecting and analyzing secondary data. by looking to the public's comments, especially on Permen Manis application users in Bandar Lampung’s Civil Registry Office. By this article the researcher hope the government in Bandar Lampung could improve the services towards the people in Bandar Lampung.
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Reda, Adel, und Moataz Menshaway. „Developing Emergency Location-Based Services Applications using Agile Methodology“. International Journal for Scientific Research 2, Nr. 5 (2023): 21–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.59992/ijsr.2023.v2n5p2.
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Mobile phone applications have gained tremendous attention over the past few years due to an increase in mobile phone downloads and revenue. However, the more applications are produced, the more applications fail. Mobile application statistics indicate that the main drivers of application failure include high consumer/consumer expectations, inadequate marketing efforts, and technical problems resulting from developers failing to use appropriate methodologies. Some of these applications may not be important, but failures in mobile applications used by civil protection to provide important information in times of crisis, such as location-based services, are not acceptable in any way. This paper provides a framework that uses the Scrum methodology to develop a mobile application to alert citizens to risks and manage the team to improve collaboration, coordination, and communication between the team (s) to get quick feedback from users to address rapid developments in context and achieve desired goals.
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Cameron, Hazel. „Establishment of the European Union Civil Service Tribunal“. Law & Practice of International Courts and Tribunals 5, Nr. 2 (2006): 273–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157180306778150678.
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AbstractThe European Union Civil Service Tribunal, the first judicial panel to be attached to the Court of First Instance under the reforms agreed at Nice, recently heard its first case. Its establishment is significant for two reasons. First, it will make a much needed reduction in the case load of the CFI. Second, it is innovative in its approach to the appointment of judges, for the first time in the European judicial structure moving away from the traditional approach of Member State nomination to direct application and consideration of applications by a Selection Committee.
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Khan, Rafflesia, Alexander Schieweck, Ciara Breathnach und Tiziana Margaria. „Historical Civil Registration Record Transcription Using an eXtreme Model Driven Approach“. Proceedings of the Institute for System Programming of the RAS 33, Nr. 3 (2021): 123–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15514//ispras-2021-33(3)-10.
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Modelling is considered as a universal approach to define and simplify real-world applications through appropriate abstraction. Model-driven system engineering identifies and integrates appropriate concepts, techniques, and tools which provide important artefacts for interdisciplinary activities. In this paper, we show how we used a model-driven approach to design and improve a Digital Humanities dynamic web application within an interdisciplinary project that enables history students and volunteers of history associations to transcribe a large corpus of image-based data from the General Register Office (GRO) records. Our model-driven approach generates the software application from data, workflow and GUI abstract models, ready for deployment.
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Khan, Rafflesia, Alexander Schieweck, Ciara Breathnach und Tiziana Margaria. „Historical Civil Registration Record Transcription Using an eXtreme Model Driven Approach“. Proceedings of the Institute for System Programming of the RAS 33, Nr. 3 (2021): 123–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15514/ispras-2021-33(3)-10.
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Modelling is considered as a universal approach to define and simplify real-world applications through appropriate abstraction. Model-driven system engineering identifies and integrates appropriate concepts, techniques, and tools which provide important artefacts for interdisciplinary activities. In this paper, we show how we used a model-driven approach to design and improve a Digital Humanities dynamic web application within an interdisciplinary project that enables history students and volunteers of history associations to transcribe a large corpus of image-based data from the General Register Office (GRO) records. Our model-driven approach generates the software application from data, workflow and GUI abstract models, ready for deployment.
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Bretaudeau, Francois, Donatienne Leparoux und Odile Abraham. „Small scale adaptation of the seismic full waveform inversion method ‐ Application to civil engineering applications“. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 123, Nr. 5 (Mai 2008): 3373. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2933996.
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