Dissertationen zum Thema „Application atmosphérique“
Geben Sie eine Quelle nach APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard und anderen Zitierweisen an
Machen Sie sich mit Top-50 Dissertationen für die Forschung zum Thema "Application atmosphérique" bekannt.
Neben jedem Werk im Literaturverzeichnis ist die Option "Zur Bibliographie hinzufügen" verfügbar. Nutzen Sie sie, wird Ihre bibliographische Angabe des gewählten Werkes nach der nötigen Zitierweise (APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver usw.) automatisch gestaltet.
Sie können auch den vollen Text der wissenschaftlichen Publikation im PDF-Format herunterladen und eine Online-Annotation der Arbeit lesen, wenn die relevanten Parameter in den Metadaten verfügbar sind.
Sehen Sie die Dissertationen für verschiedene Spezialgebieten durch und erstellen Sie Ihre Bibliographie auf korrekte Weise.
Robache, Antoine. „Caractérisation des aérosols dans l'air ambiant : application à la recherche de sources“. Lille 1, 2000. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2000/50376-2000-320-321.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMahjoub, Saïd Nejla. „Etude de la diffusion d'un panache issu d'une cheminée : application à la maîtrise de la dispersion d'un polluant“. Aix-Marseille 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX22085.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLeroyer, Sylvie. „Simulations numériques de l'atmosphère urbaine avec le modèle SUBMESO : application à la campagne CLU-ESCOMPTE sur l'agglomération de Marseille“. Nantes, 2006. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00128672.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn view of understanding and forecasting pollutant dispersion in urban areas, high resolution numerical simulations are performed. The aim is to reproduce atmospheric characteristics above complex urbanised site. An accurate method is developed to implement numerical simulations of the urban atmosphere based on three complementary tools, optimized on Marseille agglomeration example: the atmospheric Large Eddy Simulation model SUBMESO and the soil model for sub-meso scales, urban, SM2-U, and the DFMap software to map the morphological characteristics of urban fabrics. In order to simulate the atmosphere of coastal cities, a method to compute the fluxes at the sea - atmosphere interface is developing developed and validated. A sensitivity study is then carried on an academic configuration of a city and its rural and/or coastal environment, based on twelve simulations, in order to evaluate the retroactions of the soil and atmospheric models. Five other simulations of the Marseille area are performed with three nested grids during an intense observation period of the UBL – ESCOMPTE experimental campaign, allowing the first validation of the SUBMESO – SM2-U couple, an analysis of the interactions between the city, the breeze systems and the topography, and also very high resolution study of turbulent parameters. This method may be used to study the air quality of other urban areas
Duforêt, Lucile. „Modélisation du rayonnement polarisé dans une atmosphère absorbante et diffusante : application aux corrections atmosphériques au dessus de l'océan“. Littoral, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006DUNK0151.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleA radiative transfer code was developed to model the intensity and polarization state of the atmospheric radiation received by a sensor, above the ocean. The originality if this code is to take into account the molecule, aerosol and cloud scattering, gas absorption, the reflection on the sea interface and especially their interactions. Radiances and fluxes are simulated at a high or moderate spectral resolution, from the ultraviolet to the infrared (0. 2-100 µm). In this thesis, the code was used for the atmospheric corrections in “ocean colour”, but can also be employed for the aerosol or cloudy study. A first application showed that the vertical distribution of atmospheric scatters (aerosols) has an important impact on the chlorophyll concentration estimates. A method was proposed to estimate the altitude of an aerosol layer from measurements in the oxygen absorption band. This method, applied to the POLDER data, has a theoretical inaccuracy of about 0. 5 km. A second application is related to the analysis of the polarized signal backscattered by the ocean. The polarization rates estimated from POLDER-2 measurements at 670 nm are consistent with theory. The estimates obtained for turbid waters in the Amazon plume are small (10%) ; those obtained in Finland, characterized by a bloom of coccolithophorids, are higher (20 to 50%). The study showed that satellite measurements of polarization rate allow us to characterize the suspended particles, at low aerosol optical thicknesses and for a marine signal with a high intensity
Girard-Ardhuin, Fanny. „Utilisation d'un radar UHF RASS pour l'étude de la couche limite atmosphérique en vue d'une application à la pollution atmosphérique“. Toulouse 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU30092.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBenali, Tahar. „Optimisation énergétique des procédés : application à la distillation atmosphérique du pétrole“. Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0085.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe objective of this thesis is to demonstrate, on thermodynamic grounds, that introducing a flash in the preheating train of an atmospheric oil distillation process , together with an appropriate feeding of the resulting vapors into the column, could potentially bring substantial energy savings by reducing the duty of the preheating furnace and by reducing the distillation column irreversibilities. This idea has been expended by showing how this can be done while keeping the throughput and the product characteristics unchanged. The outcome is that placing several flashes after the heat exchangers and feeding the corresponding vapor streams to the appropriate trays of the column, reduces the pumparound flows and then the heat brought to the preheating train. The resulting heat deficit may then be compensated in additional heat exchangers by using low level heat recuperated from the products of the distillation and/or imported from other processes. The use of this residual heat reduces the furnace duty by approximately an equivalent amount and could be as high as 21%. The approach can be applied in the design of news processes or in the revamping of existing ones
Garcia-Fouqué, Segunda. „Étude de la mesure de l'ozone par tube à diffusion : application sur le terrain“. Compiègne, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998COMP1162.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDipankar, Anurag. „Simulation des grandes échelles de la turbulence atmosphérique : application à l’étude de la propagation des ondes électromagnétiques dans la couche limite atmosphérique“. Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066029.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleJacoby-Koaly, Sandra. „Application d'un radar profileur de vent UHF à l'étude de la couche limite atmosphérique“. Toulouse 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU30144.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBinet, Tarbé de Vauxclairs Renaud. „Synthèse d'ouverture active par holographie numérique : application à la correction de turbulence atmosphérique“. Paris 11, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA112033.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleActive synthetic aperture is a high resolution imaging technique that has been used successfully in the radar imaging domain (Synthetic Aperture Radar) for 30 years. This thesis deals with the application of this concept to optical wavelength. In active synthetic aperture, the movement of a small aperture is combined with some signal processing in order to create a bigger virtual aperture that enables an image resolution beyond the physical limits of the real aperture. The active synthetic aperture concept needs a coherent lightening of the scene with a laser as well as a coherent measurement of the retrodiffused wavefront. The major problem of the transposition of this concept to optical wavelength is to correct the phase noise that happens during the movement of the pupil. It has been experimentaly demonstrated that digital holography is a suited tool for the wavefront measurement because the phase noise can be mesured directly from the data, and therefore corrected. Several setup have been tested, and one is dedicated to microscopy. Another major inconvenient of active synthetic aperture is its high sensibility to atmosphere turbulence which severely affects the image resolution. A turbulence correction algorithm based on multiple field measurements has been proposed and validated by experimental data
Elguero, Eric. „Estimation de densité par directions révélatrices : une application aux alertes de pollution atmosphérique“. Montpellier 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON20232.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSarrat, Claire. „Modélisation à l'échelle régionale de la pollution atmosphérique : application à la campagne ESQUIF“. Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30152.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWagner, Sébastien. „Modélisation numérique de la dispersion à méso-échelle de polluants atmosphériques par emboîtement interactif de maillages : application à la zone ESCOMPTE“. Toulon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOUL0004.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work aims to be a contribution to the numerical techniques used in air quality modelling. Our new multiscale model "MAPOM" (Multiscale Air Pollution Model) simulates mesoscale atmospheric pollutant dispersion. To increase the model accuracy, a new mesh embedding method, allowing grid interactions at the interface, has been implemented and tested. Mass conservation, positivity, and monotonicity are ensured. MAPOM was validated on theoretical test cases. It was then applied over the area of Marseille - Etang de Berre (ESCOMPTE domain). The model and its interactive mesh embedding algorithm were proved to be efficient in handling difficult problems of air quality at mesoscale over complex terrain. The optimization of the memory, and the modular structure of this new model enable a flexible, fast and automatic management of the nested grids, and of the physical and chemical processes
Lasry, Fanny. „Analyse par modélisation tridimentionnelle des processus physico-chimiques déterminant la production d'ozone : évaluation de l'impact de scénarios d'émissions prospectifs : application au site ESCOMPTE“. Paris 12, 2006. https://athena.u-pec.fr/primo-explore/search?query=any,exact,990002346940204611&vid=upec.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work aimed to study the physical and chemical processes determining ozone production on the Berre-Marseille area, and to evaluate the impact of prospectives emissions scenarios. In this purpose, we used a chemistry-transport eulerian model to simulate 24 ozone episodes. In a first step, this model has been adapted in order to restitute the small scale dynamic and the complex chemistry of the site. The model outputs analysis allowed us to identify the different primary and secondary compounds present during a photochemical episode, and to localize the ozone production sites. A section of the manuscript is dedicated to the study of the chemical regimes and to the identification of the compounds ans category of emitters which are the most invoved in ozone formation. Last, we expose the elaboration of emissions scenarios for the year 2010. We have drawn up an air quality balance sheet and we discuss the effects of emissions regulations at regional versus continental scales
Marion, Thibault. „Mesures aéroportées des oxydes d'azote : application à l'étude des processus de production d'ozone dans l'atmosphère tropicale“. Paris 12, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA120044.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGhattas, Badih. „Agrégation d'arbres de décision binaires : Application à la prévision de l'ozone dans les Bouches du Rhône“. Aix-Marseille 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX22003.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAballea, Ludovic. „Développement d'un spectromètre Térahertz par différence de fréquences: Application à des molécules d'intérêt atmosphérique“. Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00397811.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBray, Cédric. „Dynamique collisionnelle en phase diluée et application à la spectroscopie de molécules d'intérêt atmosphérique“. Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00827733.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLaporte, Laurent. „Application d'un code de CFD atmosphérique à l'estimation du productible éolien en terrain complexe“. Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00489343.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDecomps, Philippe. „Etude d'une décharge luminescente à la pression atmosphérique. Application au traitement de surfaces isolantes“. Toulouse 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU30286.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBillette, Emmanuel. „Etude mathématique de schémas de cinétique chimique : Application à des modèles de pollution atmosphérique“. Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997EPXX0020.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHernandez, Lopezomoza Mario Andres. „Cadre de travail généralisé de compensation non-linéaire robuste : application à la rentrée atmosphérique“. Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ESAE0022/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis work is devoted to extending Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion (NDI) for a large scale of nonlinear systems while guaranteeing sufficient stability conditions. NDI has been studied in a wide range of applications, including aeronautics and aerospace. It allows to compute nonlinear control laws able to decouple and linearize a model at any operating point of its state envelope. However, this method is inherently non-robust to modelling errors and input saturations. Moreover, obtaining a quantifiable guarantee of the attained stability domain in a nonlinear control context is not a very straightforward task. Unlike standard NDI approaches, our methodology can be viewed as a generalized nonlinear compensation framework which allows to incorporate uncertainties and input saturations in the design process. Paralleling anti-windup strategies, the controller can be computed through a single multichannel optimization problem or through a simple two-step process. Within this framework, linear fractional transformations of the nonlinear closed-loop can be easily derived for robust stability analysis using standard tools for linear systems. The proposed method is tested for the flight control of a delta wing type reentry vehicle at hypersonic, transonic and subsonic phases of the atmospheric reentry. For this thesis work, a Flight Mechanics simulator including diverse external factors and modelling errors was developed in Simulink
Oudot, Charlotte. „Spectroscopie de la vapeur d'eau par Transformation de Fourier. Application aux régions d'intérêt atmosphérique“. Thesis, Reims, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REIMS035/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe work presented in this manuscript concern the knowledge of our atmosphere. In fact, the analysis of atmospheric spectra needs a good understanding of atmospheric molecular species. In particular the water vapor plays a special role as the first absorbent of earth's atmosphere. Spectra were recorded by Fourier transform spectrometer designed in the laboratory and lines parameters fitted with multi-spectra procedure named MultiFiT. The spectroscopic studies focus on lines intensity measurements for two different spectral ranges. The first presented is 10 µm, were two studies have been done. For the H216O isotopologue in the 1200 – 1400 cm-1 range, 300 transitions were measured and compared with literature data. The aim of this work was to determine the best spectroscopic database for IASI recording analysis. In 1000 to 2300 cm-1, H218O and HD18O isotopologue were measured with enriched 18O spectra. Over 2500 transitions were measured and assigned. Also this manuscript presents a huge work done in the 1.25µm region. This range appears in database with an important discrepancy for line intensities. 39 spectra were recorded with water vapor sample in natural abundance. Over 11000 transitions were measured and assigned, comparison to literature data are also presented. A part of this work were published in 2010 and used by L.Tallis, form University of Reading, for atmospheric application. At the end of this manuscript is presented the first comparisons with calculated data done for self broadening coefficients in the 1.25µm region
Aballéa, Ludovic. „Développement d'un spectromètre térahertz par différence de fréquences : application à des molécules d'intérêt atmosphérique“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10020/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis reports on the construction of a new experimental set up for Terahertz spectroscopy based on the generation of the frequency difference of two near infrared laser diodes at 820nm on a GaAs substrate device. The first chapter describes the renewal of the interest for T-rays. The second chapter treats the FIR generation by frequency difference on the GaAs semiconductor device and its uses for spectroscopy. The broad tunability of this Far Infrared radiation obtained by double-pass acousto-optic modulators setup is also seen. The third chapter discusses about stabilisation of infrared sources by the Pound-Drever-Hall method using a high finesse cavity to generate a high spectral purity of the FIR emission. Finally, the spectrometer is characterised by measurements of the rotationnal spectrum of methyl-chloride and used in a primary study of the broadening parameter of water lines by N2, O2 and air
Tendero, Claire. „Torche plasma micro-onde à la pression atmosphérique : application au traitement de surfaces métalliques“. Limoges, 2005. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/3c9e4646-8574-4285-bb20-e6e41db94246/blobholder:0/2005LIMO0065.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis project is aimed at applying an atmospheric pressure microwave plasma torch to the treatment of metallic substrates. More precisely the applications are, on one hand, the oil removal from Al2024 samples and their surface oxidation before painting and on the other hand, cleaning TA6V substrates before welding. First of all optimal working conditions are defined thanks to investigations about the plasma behaviour by optical emission spectroscopy and electromagnetic calculations. This study puts the light on the fact that the plasma is ionizing, its electronic temperature is about 16500 K and the density of active species is favoured by a 600 W feeding power, a high plasma gas flow rate and a substrate location as close to the basis of the plasma jet as possible. The torch is quite efficient to remove oil from substrates and oxidise them in so far as the surface energy is improved (it increases from de 32 mN/m to 72 mN/m) and the native oxide layer thickness is doubled
Pugliese, Stéphane. „Modélisation numérique des écoulements atmosphériques stratifiés : application au panache de fumée“. Aix-Marseille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX11027.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOdic, Emmanuel. „Propriétés physicochimiques de décharges électriques à pression atmosphérique. Application à la décontamination biologique de surface“. Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00351504.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChemel, Charles. „Transport et mélange en terrain complexe : application à la dynamique atmosphérique dans les vallées encaissées“. Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011306.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleVendel, Florian. „Modélisation de la dispersion atmosphérique en présence d'obstacles complexes : application à l'étude de sites industriels“. Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00601470.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBen, Lagha Sabah. „Corrosion atmosphérique de l'acier non allié : application aux conteneurs métalliques en condition de stockage réversible“. Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066127.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHutchison, Marie. „Les questionnaires de l'évaluation contingente : débats et application“. Paris 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA010028.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBrixon, Laurent. „Etude de la faisabilité, de l'analyse par sondage laser des perturbations induites par la turbulence atmosphérique sur les fronts d'onde, et de la correction des perturbations de phase au moyen d'une otpique adaptative : application à l'observation astronomique“. Aix-Marseille 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX22030.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTerrenoire, Étienne. „Application des systèmes MM5-CHIMERE et MM5-FLEXPART à la modélisation de l'ozone et des PM10 sur la région Nord-Pas-de-Calais“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10043/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAir pollution is a topical subject affecting both human health and the environment. Nowadays, two kind of pollution have been intensely studied, namely, the ozone and the particulate (PMIO, PM2.5 and PM1) pollution. During the thesis, the MM5-CHIMERE and the MM5-FLEXPART systems have been set up and optimised at the PC2A laboratory in order to study ozone and PM 10 pollution events. The performance of the MM5-CHIIMERE system has been evaluated for different topography and meteorological situations. Firstly, the modelled data are compared against observed data from the Atmo-NPDC air pollution monitoring network over the June-Ju!y 2006 heat wave period. Then, the dynamical and chemical performance of the models is assessed over the Dunkerque area for two periods in April and May 2006. For those two periods, measured data were collected during a field campaign achieved by the Laboratoire de Physicochimie Atmosphérique (LPCA) of the University du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO). Finally, the MM5-FLEXPART system was used to determine the origin of an intense PM10 event over the NPDC region. The influence of anthropogenic primary emission, grid and meteorological data resolution has also becn tested
Primot, Jérôme. „Application des techniques d'analyse de surface d'onde à la restauration d'images dégradées par la turbulence atmosphérique“. Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112100.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePanousis, Emmanouïl. „Réalisation et optimisation d'un réacteur plasma froid fonctionnant à pression atmosphérique : application aux traitements de surfaces“. Pau, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PAUU3027.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleA dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) in Nitrogen at atmospheric pressure was the object of this work. The aim was primarily to gain insight to the physico-chemical mechanisms governing such a discharge and to also apply this configuration to the surface treatment of metals. Here, the surface treatment takes place in spatial afterglow conditions. The discharge products (active species in particular) are blown out of the inter-electrode space due to the special plasma reactors' geometry and the high gas flow. This enables the treatment of large areas and hollow objects and could easily be used in an industrial production line. The surfaces of Al-2024 and TiA6V4 metal alloys were treated during this work in an effort to render them compatible to applications involving adhesion. This work is thus composed of 3 main parts: - Numerical modeling of the DBD: results here obtained permit to qualitatively describe the discharge's electrodynamical behavior and estimate its yield in the production of active species. - Experimental study of the DBD and the afterglow: electrical diagnostic techniques were used in order to compare the two reactors studied. Optical diagnostics were then applied that helped identify the active species produced by the DBD and “follow” them in the flowing afterglow in two different configurations: the unguided and the quartz tube guided afterglow. The dominant physico-chemical mechanisms for the active species were thus identified for these conditions. - Application of the DBD in the treatment of metallic surfaces in afterglow conditions: By macroscopic and microscopic means of surface characterization it was observed that the DBD flowing afterglow were studied induces a cleaning of organic contaminants of the surface as well a possible partial de-oxidation
Massart, Sébastien. „Méthodologies de l'assimilation de données : application à la chimie atmosphérique et à la mécanique des structures“. Toulouse, INPT, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003INPT036H.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFèvre-Nollet, Valérie. „Simulation numérique des facteurs validants pour la formation des polluants photochimiques de la troposphère : application à la conception de deux nouveaux types de stratégies de contrôle“. Lille 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LIL10049.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAouizerats, Benjamin. „Impacts radiatifs des aérosols sur la dynamique en couche limite urbaine : application à la campagne CAPITOUL“. Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1591/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNowaday, aerosol modelling is an absolute interest for the understanding of the complex atmospheric system. The role of aerosol particles is considered crucial for air quality, meteorological and climatical purpose. Several studies show that the aerosol physical and chemical behaviours affect the atmospheric radiative budget by scaterring and aborbing the radiative fluxes. Moreover, it has also been shown that the physical and chemical description of the aerosol is necessary to give shape to water droplets. Finally, several reports from the World Health Organisation show that the fine aerosol particles can cause major diseases as cancer or pulmonary diseases, and should be now considered as a public health matter. This study takes place in this context, and aims at estimating the radiative feedbacks of urban aerosol on the boundary layer. The CAPITOUL field experiment, which took place in the city of Toulouse during one year from march 2004 to february 2005, is the framework of a modelling study during a 2-day IOP. First, an emission inventory has been set up to reproduce the gaz and particles emissions. Then, a simulation exercise aims at reproduce the aerosol evolution at the fine scale of 500 m, and the very specific spatial distribution at different resolutions. In order to estimate the impact of aerosol particles on radiation, a radiative module has been developped to compute online the aerosol optical properties depending on the complex aerosol physical and chemical parameters. The radiative fluxes are then impacted by the aerosol scaterring and aborbing behaviour, leading to change in the urban dynamics. Those feedbacks on radiative fluxes lead to a change of the boundary layer's temperature. The impacts are also compared to the urban surface impacts
Morio, Vincent. „Contribution au développement d'une loi de guidage autonome par platitude. Application à une mission de rentrée atmosphérique“. Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00394728.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHaussaire, Jean-Matthieu. „Méthodes variationnelles d'ensemble itératives pour l'assimilation de données non-linéaire : Application au transport et la chimie atmosphérique“. Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1097/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleData assimilation methods are constantly evolving to adapt to the various application domains. In atmospheric sciences, each new algorithm has first been implemented on numerical weather prediction models before being ported to atmospheric chemistry models. It has been the case for 4D variational methods and ensemble Kalman filters for instance. The new 4D ensemble variational methods (4D EnVar) are no exception. They were developed to take advantage of both variational and ensemble approaches and they are starting to be used in operational weather prediction centers, but have yet to be tested on operational atmospheric chemistry models.The validation of new data assimilation methods on these models is indeed difficult because of the complexity of such models. It is hence necessary to have at our disposal low-order models capable of synthetically reproducing key physical phenomenons from operational models while limiting some of their hardships. Such a model, called L95-GRS, has therefore been developed. It combines the simple meteorology from the Lorenz-95 model to a tropospheric ozone chemistry module with 7 chemical species. Even though it is of low dimension, it reproduces some of the physical and chemical phenomenons observable in real situations. A data assimilation method, the iterative ensemble Kalman smoother (IEnKS), has been applied to this model. It is an iterative 4D EnVar method which solves the full non-linear variational problem. This application validates 4D EnVar methods in the context of non-linear atmospheric chemistry, but also raises the first limits of such methods.After this experiment, results have been extended to a realistic atmospheric pollution prediction model. 4D EnVar methods, via the IEnKS, have once again shown their potential to take into account the non-linearity of the chemistry model in a controlled environment, with synthetic observations. However, the assimilation of real tropospheric ozone concentrations mitigates these results and shows how hard atmospheric chemistry data assimilation is. A strong model error is indeed attached to these models, stemming from multiple uncertainty sources. Two steps must be taken to tackle this issue.First of all, the data assimilation method used must be able to efficiently take into account the model error. However, most methods are developed under the assumption of a perfect model. To avoid this hypothesis, a new method has then been developed. Called IEnKF-Q, it expands the IEnKS to the model error framework. It has been validated on a low-order model, proving its superiority over data assimilation methods naively adapted to take into account model error.Nevertheless, such methods need to know the exact nature and amplitude of the model error which needs to be accounted for. Therefore, the second step is to use statistical tools to quantify this model error. The expectation-maximization algorithm, the naive and unbiased randomize-then-optimize algorithms, an importance sampling based on a Laplace proposal, and a Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation, potentially transdimensional, have been assessed, expanded, and compared to estimate the uncertainty on the retrieval of the source term of the Chernobyl and Fukushima-Daiichi nuclear power plant accidents.This thesis therefore improves the domain of 4D EnVar data assimilation by its methodological input and by paving the way to applying these methods on atmospheric chemistry models
Lessoua, Albert. „Impacts distributifs de la pollution atmosphérique et bénéfices des politiques environnementales : une application à la Haute-Normandie“. Rouen, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ROUED002.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe purpose of this research is to analyse the distributive impacts of air pollution and to assess the monetary value of environmental policies benefits in Haute-Normandie. The hypothesis to be tested is that the exposure to air pollution is regressive across income groups in this region. The results reveal that households by income and households by socioeconomic status are disproportionately exposed to local air pollution, indicating that the distribution of air pollution reduction in Rouen and Le Havre are estimated at € 8,085 million per year and €5,62 million per year respectively. These benefits enable the implementation of social policy in order to reduce the negative distributive effects due to air pollution externalities
Mazoué, Franck. „Analyse de la couche de choc dans le CO2 : application à l'entrée atmosphérique de la planète Mars“. Aix-Marseille 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX11056.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKacem, Samira. „Modélisation électro-hydrodynamique des décharges couronne dans l'air à la pression atmosphérique pour application aux actionneurs plasmas“. Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1307/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe research is devoted to electro-hydrodynamic modeling of a breakdown streamer in non-equilibrium corona discharge in air for positive point to plane geometry. It is based on two-dimensional fluid models. The transport equations are discretized using explicit finite volume method and solved with MUSCL algorithm. The fluid model of charged particles (or streamer) dynamics uses the one moment approximation of the Boltzmann equation and the model of neutral gas dynamics generated by the corona discharge is of order 2 going until the energy equation. The model of the streamer dynamics developed previously in the team has been optimized by reducing the computation time of the space charge electrical potential obtained by solving the Poisson elliptic equation. This was done from Full Multigrid (FMG) and Multigrid (MG) methods, whose the best performances were compared with the Successive Over Relaxation method (SOR) and the multifrontal Massively Parallel Solver(MUMPS). From weak coupling with the discharge dynamics, the simulation of the neutral gas dynamics induced by the passage of a streamer, are done for simulations conditions close to operating parameters used in an experimental corona discharge setup of the team. These simulations helped us to finely understand and analyze the generation and expansion of the pressure waves potentially usable as plasma actuators in micro-pumps
Yaacoub, Rouba. „Résonance optique par effet tunnel en optique atmosphérique : application aux observations par satellite des gouttelettes de nuages“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL1R001.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe light interaction with a homogeneous dielectric spherical scatterer (e.g. cloud droplet) of known characteristics (diameter, optical index) is treated, in atmospheric optics, by the Mie's theory. This theory serves, also, in remote sensing to retrieve physical properties of scatterers (inverse problem). Recent studies have showed the importance of tunneling effects in atmospheric optics. They have attribute the implication of tunneling effects in the atmospheric glory which is the circular iridescence that form around the projected shadow of an object on a cloud of water droplets. Precisely, light can penetrate by tunneling into a droplet and produces sharp resonances. According to these studies, the Mie's theory , as used in atmospheric optic, seems to neglect such effects. We have called these resonances by the acronym TOR (Tunneling Optical Resonance). In this thesis, we show that TOR can be solved using a one-dimensional Schrödinger equation with an effective potential energy that characterizes the light-droplet interaction and that depends on the refractive index, diameter of the droplet and the incident light's energy. The first main purpose of this thesis is to identify the concept of tunneling and the necessity to introduce it in the Mie's theory. In order to reach this goal, a new method (called transfer matrix method -- TMM) is developed that takes into account the TOR, and allows the identification of the conditions for which TOR occur. The second main purpose, is to compare this method to the Mie's theory and illustrates the differences between them. Our findings show the similarity of the two methods in the case of non-TOR occurrences and disagreement otherwise. This study is performed upon two different cases: (1) a single droplet with a specific diameter and incident energy; (2) a cloud droplet population with a range of diameters from 5 microns to 30 micron for the incident energies of the nine channels (from IR to UV) of the POLDER sensor. For both (1) and (2), cross sections (scattering, extinction and absorption) and the angular distributions of ²the scattered intensity are compared when taking into account the TOR and without considering them. The results are promising and presents a new aspect for addressing light-droplet interaction in atmospheric optics that may affect the inversion problem treatments in remote sensing
Morio, Vincent. „Contribution au développement d’une loi de guidage autonome par platitude : application à une mission de rentrée atmosphérique“. Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR13797/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis deals with the design of an autonomous guidance law based on flatness approach for atmospheric reentry vehicles. The problematic involved by the design of an autonomous guidance law relates to the global organization, the integration and the management of relevant data up to the mastering of the spacecraft during the re-entry mission. The autonomous guidance law proposed in this dissertation is based on flatness concept, in order to perform onboard processing so as to locally assign autonomy and responsibility to the vehicle, thus exempting the ground segment from "low level" operational tasks, so that it can ensure more efficiently its mission of global coordination. The first part of the manuscript deals with the formal characterization of flat outputs for nonlinear systems governed by ordinary differential equations, as well as for linear time-delay systems. Constructive algorithms are proposed in order to compute candidate flat outputs within a standard formal computing environment. In the second part of the manuscript, a global and generic reentry trajectory replanning methodology is proposed in order to provide a fault-tolerance capability to the guidance law, when facing single/multiple control surface failures that could occur during the critical phases of an atmospheric reentry mission. In addition, a superellipsoidal annexion method is proposed so as to convexify the optimal control problem described in the flat outputs space. The proposed guidance law is then applied step by step to an atmospheric reentry mission for the US Space Shuttle orbiter STS-1
Makke, Laurent. „Modélisation tridimensionnelle du rayonnement infrarouge atmosphérique utilisant l'approximation en émissivité : application à la formation du brouillard radiatif“. Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PESC1061/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe Atmospheric Radiation field has seen the development of more accurate and faster methods to take into account absorption. Modelling fog formation, where Infrared Radiation is involved, requires accurate methods to compute cooling rates. Radiative fog appears with clear sky condition due to a significant cooling during the night where absorption is the dominant processus. Thanks to High Performance Computing, multi-spectral approaches of Radiative Transfer Equation resolution are often used. Nevertheless, the coupling of three-dimensional radiative transfer with fluid dynamics is very computationally expensive. Radiation increases the computation time by around fifty percent over the pure Computational Fluid Dynamics simulation. To reduce the time spent in radiation calculations, a new method using the broadband emissivity has been developed to compute an equivalent absorption coefficient (spectrally integrated). Only one resolution of Radiative Transfer Equation is needed against $N_{text{band}} times N_{text{gauss}}$ for an $N_{text{band}}$ model with $N_{text{gauss}}$ quadrature points on each band. A comparison with simulation data has been done and the new parameterization of Radiative properties shows the ability to handle variations of gases concentrations and liquid water. A dynamical study through the coupling between the infrared radiation model and Code_Saturne has been done to validate our parametrization. Finally the model was tested on a 3-D domain with idealized buildings to catch 3-D infrared radiative effects due to horizontally inhomogenities of the liquid water content field and buildings
Asad, Syed Salman. „Torche plasma micro-onde à la pression atmosphérique : application au dépôt de couches minces d'oxyde de silicium“. Limoges, 2009. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/93aac550-eab7-4ab4-b1bd-62860d0c1b23/blobholder:0/2009LIMO4074.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleA new open air CVD process assisted by a microwave axial injection torch to deposit thin silicon oxide films has been developed. To obtain these films, in an environment and operator friendly manner, it was necessary to design and install the gas injection system and incorporate the torch in an open metallic chamber containing a mobile substrate holder, which in turn modifies the microwave-plasma energy transfer. Hence, a simulation study is carried out using CST microwave studio in order to optimize the torch parameters (waveguide length= 202 mm, base cavity depth= 13 mm) and the geometry (simple cylinder) around the torch to maximize and stabilize this energy transfer during the process. These results are confirmed by the experiments and helped improving the reactor design. Thin silicon oxide films are deposited using two different organometallic precursors (TMS, HMDSO). The parametric studies showed that transparent films at a relatively high deposition rate (450 nm. Min-1 for 1. 5 minutes) could be obtained in conditions: 500 W for microwave power, 3 10-4 L. Min-1 for precursor flow rate, 30 mm for torch to substrate distance and 15 L. Min-1 for total plasma flow (argon). A decrease in the net deposition rate from 1500 nm. Min-1 after 15 seconds to almost zero after 5 minutes and evolution of the film from transparent (< 1. 5 minutes) to powdery (> 1. 5 minutes) was observed. The increase in the substrate temperature during the process is identified to play an important role. The films and the gas phase are analyzed using different techniques allowing a simplistic vision of the possible mechanisms involved in the process
Cécé, Raphaël. „Simulations numériques méso- et micro-échelles des circulations locales générées par des îles tropicales : cas de l’archipel de la Guadeloupe avec une application à la dispersion de polluants (WRF-LES-FLEXPART)“. Thesis, Antilles-Guyane, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AGUY0735/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe present work expresses the will of Caribbean researchers to improve the meso- and micro-meteorological scientific knowledge of the trade winds influenced island areas, and to develop research in these domains.It is well known that tropical hurricanes remain the most remarkable meteorological phenomena that affect the Caribbean islands. But some other phenomena, of smaller scale, such as intense rainfall events, swells, or air quality degradation, are of extreme importance for natural or health hazards. These examples show the need to use downscaling methods to exploit large scale meteorological or climatic information, and to obtain local and regional scenarios for the island areas. This is an important challenge, as sound scientific studies in these matters are eagerly expected. The aim of the research works exposed in the present dissertation is numerical simulation and analysis of the meso- and microscale mechanisms that induce diurnal and nocturnal local circulations in the Guadeloupe archipelago, using numerical meteorological models that are widely used in research and in operational forecasting.These works represent the first high-resolution (1 km to 111 m) numerical study of the lower atmosphere over the Guadeloupe archipelago. The Weather Research and Forecasting ARW 3.4 (WRF-ARW) model is used to simulate the troposphere from global scale to turbulence scale. Real cases of three typical weather types (80% of cases during a year) are examined during 48 hours : strong trade winds (STW), medium trade winds (MTW) and weak trade winds (WTW). These weather types are characterized by values of the local Froude number : 0.82 (STW), 0.41 (MTW) and 0.21 (WTW). Six domains have been selected for the dynamical downscaling : D01 (grid spacing of 27 km), D02 (grid spacing of 9 km), D03 (grid spacing of 3 km), D04 (grid spacing of 1 km), D05 (grid spacing of 333 m) and D06 (grid spacing of 111 m), including 70 vertical levels. The first four domains (D01 to D04) cover the Guadeloupe archipelago and are used in the meso-scale simulations with the planetary boundary layer scheme YSU (ensemble mean). Domain D05 (covering the Basse-Terre island and the middle of the archipelago) and domain D06 (covering the coastal and rural area of Le Petit Cul-de-Sac Marin and the urban area of Pointe-à-Pitre), are employed in the micro-scale simulation (LES) with the 3D TKE 1.5 order closure scheme. WRF has been 6 hourly reinitialized with the NCEP FNL global analyses (resolution of 1°). These simulations permitted to obtain 10-minutes meteorological variable fields with a very high resolution (111 m).Meso-scale and micro-scale model results have been evaluated with observational data from meteorological stations (field campaign Atmo-Mangrov, French Met Office).Once validated, the micro-scale model outputs have been used for the assimilation of the lagrangian particle dispersion model : FLEXPART. The coupling FLEXPART-WRF has been employed in domain D06, in order to analyze the dispersion of the nitrogen oxide plume emitted by the main power plant of the archipelago
Tessier, Catherine. „Contribution à l'étude des problèmes d'affectation de ressources et d'ordonnancement : application au domaine spatial“. Toulouse, ENSAE, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ESAE0015.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGuitard, Nathalie. „La variation de la composition chimique de l'aérosol : développement et application d'un analyseur rapide“. Paris 7, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA077089.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle