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Bond, Michael Keith. „Understanding security APIs“. Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2004. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/251930.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLindström, Malin. „Detection of Honey Bee Viruses in Apis mellifera and Apis cerana“. Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för medicinsk biokemi och mikrobiologi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-154663.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleYang, Ming-Xian. „Studies on mixed-species colonies of honeybees, Apis cerana and Apis mellifera“. Thesis, Rhodes University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005467.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLin, Amerson H. „Automated analysis of security APIs“. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/33295.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIncludes bibliographical references (p. 123-124).
Attacks on security systems within the past decade have revealed that security Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) expose a large and real attack surface but remain to be a relatively unexplored problem. In 2000, Bond et al. discovered API- chaining and type-confusion attacks on hardware security modules used in large banking systems. While these first attacks were found through human inspection of the API specifications, we take the approach of modeling these APIs formally and using an automated-reasoning tool to discover attacks. In particular, we discuss the techniques we used to model the Trusted Platform Module (TPM) v1.2 API and how we used OTTER, a theorem-prover, and ALLOY, a model-finder, to find both API- chaining attacks and to manage API complexity. Using ALLOY, we also developed techniques to capture attacks that weaken, but not fully compromise, a system's security. Finally, we demonstrate a number of real and "near-miss" vulnerabilities that were discovered against the TPM.
by Amerson H. Lin.
M.Eng.and S.B.
El-Shemy, A. A. M. „The relationship between the honeybee, Apis mellifera L., and the sporozoan parasite, Nosema apis Z“. Thesis, Bucks New University, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.373585.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHolmes, Michael J. „When does cheating pay? worker reproductive parasitism in honeybees“. Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/12055.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGarcia, Fernanda Wiesel. „Identificação de vírus que afetam apis mellifera associados ao ácaro ectoparasita varroa destructor em apiários do Rio Grande do Sul“. Universidade Federal do Pampa, 2014. http://dspace.unipampa.edu.br:8080/xmlui/handle/riu/586.
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A apicultura é uma atividade de importância econômica e ambiental. O clima e a flora do Brasil somados à presença da abelha africanizada conferem um excelente potencial apícola. Entretanto, as abelhas são suscetíveis a uma variedade de doenças. Vários são os patógenos que podem acometer abelhas melíferas, sendo o foco deste trabalho a relação entre o ácaro Varroa destructor e os vírus que acometem abelhas. V. destructor é um ectoparasita, sendo a varroose, doença causada por este ácaro, responsável pela mortalidade de milhares de colônias de Apis mellifera em várias partes do mundo. Entretanto, os danos causados pela varroose variam com a raça de abelhas e condições climáticas. Embora o ácaro cause poucos danos nas colônias de abelhas africanizadas no Brasil, a coexistência deste ectoparasita com determinados tipos virais pode comprometer seriamente a saúde da colônia, uma vez que muitos destes vírus tem sua transmissão relacionada ao ectoparasita, apontando este como um vetor da infecção. Portanto, faz-se necessária a identificação de quais vírus estão associados ao ácaro e que, possivelmente, utilizam-se do ácaro como vetor. Dentro deste contexto, objetivamos verificar a existência de vírus associados ao ácaro V. destructor em espécimes coletadas em apiários de diferentes regiões do Rio Grande do Sul. Foram realizadas coletas de ácaros em apiários localizados em oito municípios gaúchos. A partir das amostras coletadas, foi realizada extração de RNA total e síntese de cDNA. O cDNA sintetizado foi submetido à PCR utilizando-se 9 pares de primers para detecção de vírus que afetam abelhas e um par de primers para controle endógeno. As amostras foram submetidas a eletroforese em gel de agarose. Identificou-se, em três apiários, a presença dos vírus SBV (Vírus da Cria Ensacada) e VDV-1 (Vírus Varroa destructor-1) associados ao ácaro V. destructor. Estes dados são inéditos uma vez que estudos semelhantes nunca foram realizados no Brasil ou em abelhas africanizadas e poderão servir de base no desenvolvimento de programas de controle deste parasita.
Beekeeping is an activity that has both economic and environmental importance. Brazil has excellent climate and flora for beekeeping, and alongside the presence of Africanized bee populations, it has great potential for apiculture. However, Apis mellifera bees are susceptible to a variety of diseases. There are several pathogens that can affect honeybees and the focus of this work is to assess the relationship between the Varroa destructor mite and viruses that affect bees in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. V. destructor is an ectoparasite and the disease caused by this mite may be responsible for the death of thousands of colonies of A. mellifera in several parts of the world. However, the damage caused by the varroa mite vary according to the race of the affected bees and weather conditions. Although the varroa mite cause little damage in colonies of Africanized bees in Brazil, the coexistence of this ectoparasite with certain types of viruses can seriously compromise the health of the colony, since many of these viruses use the mite for transmission, pointing this as a probable vector. Therefore, it is necessary to identify which viruses are associated with the mite and that possibly use it as vector. Within this context, the objective of this work is to verify the presence of viruses associated with the V. destructor mite in specimens collected in apiaries in different regions of Rio Grande do Sul. Mite collections were made in apiaries located in eight different cities in the state. Collected samples were subjected to total RNA extrection and cDNA synthesis was performed. The synthesized cDNA was subjected to PCR using nine primer pairs for detection of viruses affecting bee and one pair of primers for endogenous control. Amplified samples were subjected to electrophoresis on agarose gel. With this work, we have been able to identify in the presence of SBV and VDV-1 virus associated with V. destructor mite in three different apiaries. The obtained data are novel, since similar studies have never been conducted before in Brazil or using Africanized bee colonies, and could be used as basis in development of control strategies of this parasite.
Katinienė, Aurelija. „Tranų (apis mellifera l.) skraidymo ritmai“. Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2007. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2007~D_20070816_170848-57136.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDuring 2004 and 2006 June – August research was made to ascertain honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) drones starting to fly, their flying dynamic during the day and how it depends on surroundings temperature. Were counted numbers of drones flying in and out the same honeybees colonies and number of drones flying to the other honeybees colonies. For research were taken 6 stronger and 5 weaker honeybees colonies. Were counted number of drones flying out of the hive in 2 minutes period, after - were counted number flying in drones for the same period. Each colony drones were marked in different color and every marked drone had individual number. Researches showed that drones start to fly at the age of 5 days. During the day they begin to fly from 12 p.m. and stop flying at around 6 p.m. Highest number of drones flying out of hive is around 3 p.m., flying in - around 5 p.m. Each honeybees colony keeps balance between flying in and out of hive drones. Here are two kinds of drones, returning back to honeybees colony after flying: the ones, who choose only their own colony, and the others, that choose not only own colony, but others too (more than one colony).
Karlsson, Axel. „Automatic Test Generation of REST APIs“. Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-170878.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleManukyan, Karen. „MULTI-PLATFORM IMPLEMENTATION OF SPEECH APIS“. The Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1211350344.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCentenaro, Matteo <1981>. „Type-based analysis of security APIs“. Doctoral thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/1095.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleA Security API is an interface between processes running at different levels of trust with the aim of assuring that a specific security policy holds. It allows an untrusted system to access the functionalities offered by a trusted secure resource assuring that no matter what sequence of the API commands are invoked, the intended security policy is satisfied. This kind of API is often developed having in mind a target application and how it will typically use the available services. It is thus easy to miss the fact that some functionalities could be used in a malicious way to break the intended security policy. In fact, a number of attacks to existing security APIs have been found in the last years. This thesis proposes a type-based analysis to verify the security of these critical components. Language-based analysis is, in fact, a powerful tool to formally prove security and, at the same time, helps API developers to understand the root-causes of known vulnerabilities affecting APIs and guides them in programming secure code. A security API which slowly leaks secret data to an attacker capable to spot interferences between input parameters and a command output can be secured by a noninterference policy. The thesis extends the setting of language-based information flow security to account for cryptographic expressions(both randomized and deterministic ones) and applies the obtained results to analyse the ATM PIN verification API. A possible fix to it is also proposed and shown to be secure by typing. A security API which, instead, directly releases a secret value as the result of a sequence of legal commands will be analysed with a type system ensuring that data secrecy is preserved at run-time. The thesis presents the case of programs implementing key management functionalities and proposes a type system to reason on the security of RSA PKCS#11 API and verify the correctness of a novel patch to it.
Simon, Ute. „Regulation of reproductive dominance hierarchies in Apis mellifera capensis workers“. [S.l. : s.n.], 1998. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=960860479.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNeumann, Peter. „Inter- and intraspecific parasitism in honeybees (Apis mellifera L.): the small hive beetle (Aethina tumida Murray) and the Cape honeybee (A. m. capensis Esch.)“. [S.l. : s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=975652702.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMUHAMMAD, HISHAM HASHEM. „A STUDY N APIS FOR SCRIPTING LANGUAGES“. PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2006. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=9497@1.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleUm cenário comum atualmente é o de aplicações desenvolvidas usando duas linguagens de programação a fim de otimizar partes onde o desempenho é crítico e permitir extensibilidade através de scripts escritos pelo usuário. Há várias formas de se obter esse tipo de interoperabilidade; idealmente, entretanto, uma linguagem deve prover uma interface de acesso externo (foreign language interface, FLI) que permita ao programador receber e enviar tanto chamadas como dados para outra linguagem. Este trabalho discute as principais questões envolvendo o projeto de APIs para integração de ambientes de execução de linguagens em aplicações C. Apresentamos os principais problemas enfrentados na interação entre código executando em um ambiente com características inerentemente dinâmicas como o de uma linguagem de script com código C. Comparamos aqui as abordagens empregadas por cinco linguagens no tratamento da comunicação entre os espaços de dados de C e do ambiente de execução embutido e as conseqüências destas abordagens no gerenciamento de memória, bem como no compartilhamento de código entre a aplicação C e o da linguagem de script. Ilustramos as diferenças das APIs destas linguagens e o impacto destas no código resultante de uma aplicação C através de um estudo de caso. Diferentes linguagens de script são embutidas como plugins de uma mesma biblioteca, que por sua vez expõe a aplicações clientes uma API genérica de scripting. Assim, o código de cada plugin permite observar de forma clara e isolada os procedimentos adotados em cada linguagem para chamada de funções, registro de funçoes C e conversão de dados entre os ambientes.
Applications written in two programming languages, in order to optimize parts where performance is critical or to obtain extensibility through userwritten scripts, are commonplace nowadays. There are several ways to obtain this kind of interoperability; ideally, however, a language should provide a foreign language interface (FLI), allowing the programmer to send and receive both data and function calls to the external language. This work discusses the main issues involving the design of APIs for the integration of language environments within C applications. We present the main problems faced in the interaction between code executed in an environment with inherently dynamic characteristics such as a scripting language and C code. We compare the approaches employed by five languages when handling communication between the data spaces of C and the embedded runtime environment and the consequences of these approaches in memory management, as well as sharing of code between the C application and that from the scripting language. We illustrate the differences of the APIs of those languages and their impact in the resulting code of a C application through a case study. Different scripting languages were embedded as plugins for a library, which on its turn exposes to client applications a generic scripting API. This way, the code of each plugin allows us to observe in a clear and isolated way the procedures adopted by each language for function calls, registration of C functions and conversion of data between the environments.
AFONSO, LUIZ MARQUES. „COMMUNICATIVE DIMENSIONS OF APPLICATION PROGRAMMING INTERFACES (APIS)“. PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2015. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=27060@1.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE EXCELENCIA ACADEMICA
Interfaces de programação, ou application programming interfaces (APIs) possuem um papel chave no desenvolvimento de software, uma vez que os programadores precisam lidar com diversas rotinas e serviços, desde bibliotecas de sistemas operacionais a frameworks de aplicação complexos. Para o uso efetivo de uma API, programadores devem ter uma boa compreensão do artefato de software, suas abstrações e conceitos subjacentes, desenvolvendo uma interpretação compatível com a intenção do designer. Devido à complexidade dos sistemas e ambientes de programação atuais, aprender e usar adequadamente uma API pode ser uma tarefa não trivial para muitos programadores. Tradicionalmente, estudos sobre o design de APIs foram desenvolvidos sob uma perspectiva de usabilidade. Esses estudos geraram evidências de que o projeto inadequado de uma API pode ter impacto sobre a produtividade de um programador e sobre a qualidade do software, e colaboraram para incrementar o design de APIs novas ou já existentes. Esta tese propõe uma nova abordagem para investigar e discutir design de APIs, baseada numa perspectiva de comunicação sob a orientação teórica da Engenharia Semiótica. Nessa perspectiva, uma API pode ser vista como um processo de comunicação que ocorre entre o designer e o programador, no qual o primeiro codifica uma mensagem para o segundo sobre como ele deve se comunicar com o sistema e usar as suas funcionalidades, de acordo com a visão de design. Essa abordagem provê uma caracterização do espaço de design de APIs que enfatiza os aspectos pragmáticos e cognitivos da comunicação humana mediada por este tipo de artefato de software. Através da coleta e da análise qualitativa de dados empíricos de repositórios de bugs e outras fontes, essa pesquisa contribui para uma compreensão mais ampla sobre o tema, provendo um framework epistêmico que pode ser usado no apoio à análise, discussão e avaliação do design de APIs.
Application programming interfaces (APIs) have a central role in software development, as programmers have to deal with a number of routines and services that range from operating system libraries to large application frameworks. In order to effectively use APIs, programmers should have good comprehension of these software artifacts, making sense of the underlying abstractions and concepts by developing an interpretation that is compatible with the designer s intent. Due to the complexity of today s systems and programming environments, learning and using an API properly can be non-trivial task to many programmers. Traditionally, studies on API design have been developed from a usability standpoint. These studies have provided evidence that bad APIs may a effect programmer s productivity and software quality, offering valuable insights to improve the design of new and existing APIs. This thesis proposes a novel approach to investigate and discuss API design, based on a communication perspective under the theoretical guidance of Semiotic Engineering. From this perspective, an API can be viewed as a communication process that takes place between designer and programmer, in which the former encodes a message to the latter about how to communicate back with the system and use the artifact s features, according to its design vision. This approach provides an account of API design space that highlights the pragmatic and cognitive aspects of human communication mediated by this type of software artifact. By means of the collection and qualitative analysis of empirical data from bug repositories and other sources, this research work contributes to a deeper comprehension of the subject, providing an epistemic framework that intends to support the analysis, discussion and evaluation of API design.
Jorge, Paulo Alexandre Alcântara. „O papel das APIs na transformação digital“. Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/21135.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNos últimos tempos temos assistido à valorização da informação, ao aumento da relevância da transformação digital e ao aumento de utilização de APIs. Nos últimos meses a transformação digital tornou-se ainda mais imperativa em função das consequências da pandemia. Tendo sido identificada uma lacuna na literatura existente, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo propor e testar um modelo teórico para avaliar a utilização das APIs, identificando os seus business drivers, os seus desafios e os seus efeitos. Com recurso a um questionário respondido por 124 indivíduos, na sua maioria programadores e diretores de sistemas de informação e à metodologia PLS-SEM executada no programa SmartPLS, foi possível encontrar evidência estatística para suportar oito das treze hipóteses formuladas. Foram identificadas como razões para utilizar APIs: a procura por uma independência, por novos modelos de negócio e por uma melhoria de processos. Como desafio apenas o custo foi identificado. Proveniente da utilização advêm benefícios relativos à acessibilidade, à integração de sistemas, à especialização da organização e ao aumento da eficiência.
In recent times we have seen the valorization of information, the increase of the relevance of digital transformation and the increase in the use of APIs. In recent months, digital transformation has become even more imperative due to the consequences of the pandemic. Having identified a gap in the existing literature, the present work aims to propose and test a theoretical model to assess the use of APIs, identifying their business drivers, their challenges and their effects. By running a survey answered by 124 individuals, mostly programmers and information systems managers and the PLS-SEM methodology executed in the SmartPLS software, it was possible to find statistical evidence to support eight of the thirteen formulated hypotheses. The reasons for using APIs were identified as: the search for independence, for new business models and for process improvement. As challenges only the cost was identified. From the use of APIs there are benefits related to accessibility, systems integration, specialization of the organization and increased efficiency.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
ARAÚJO, Whakamys Lourenço de. „Toxicidade de neonicotinóides sobre abelhas (Apis mellifera)“. Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, 2015. http://dspace.sti.ufcg.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/riufcg/726.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMade available in DSpace on 2018-05-17T18:15:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 WHALAMYS LOURENÇO DE ARAÚJO - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGHT 2015..pdf: 998803 bytes, checksum: 00aca588e4e5182e7ebe10263ae94f8c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015
Capes
O cultivo do meloeiro (Cucumis melo L.) é de grande importância para a economia brasileira. Seu cultivo tem demonstrado significativa expansão nas duas últimas décadas, especialmente nas regiões Semiáridas do Nordeste. Apesar dos fatores favoráveis à produtividade do meloeiro, vale salientar fatores limitantes, destacando-se os danos ocasionados por pragas que destroem o cultivo e, consequentemente, diminuindo a colheita, obrigando que medidas de controle sejam adotadas. Entres estas, estão aplicações de inseticidas químicos, entre eles os neonicotinoides. Estudos têm demonstrado os danos colaterais destes inseticidas a insetos benéficos como abelhas, que por sua vez são de fundamental importância para a polinização de 90% das angiospermas, principalmente para o melão. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a toxicidade de neonicotinoides empregados para o controle de pragas na cultura do meloeiro à abelhas A. mellifera Linnaeus. Os bioensaios foram realizados em laboratório, sendo tomadas medidas repetidas no tempo de mortalidade para os produtos comerciais Actara 250 WG (tiametoxam), Evidence 700 WG (imidacloprid), Mospilan (acetamipride) e Orfeu (acetamipride). A exposição das abelhas aos compostos foi realizada por meio de pulverização e ingestão de alimento contaminado com as maiores e menores doses recomendadas pelos fabricantes. Independente do modo de exposição, tiametoxam, imidaclopride e acetamipride (duas formulações) foram tóxicos, diminuindo o tempo de vida útil das abelhas em até 1, 2, 11 e 11 dias, respectivamente, quando comparados com a testemunha, que por sua vez sobreviveram 18 dias, em média. O inseticida tiametoxam foi extremamente tóxico quando pulverizado sobre as abelhas, bem como quando contaminante da dieta ingerida. O imidaclopride também apresentou toxicidade em ambos os experimentos, sendo depois do tiametoxam o mais tóxicos. O inseticida acetamipride apresentou toxicidade, porém não tão alta, quanto às observadas com o tiametoxam e o imidaclopride.
The cultivation of melon (Cucumis melo L.) is of great importance for the Brazilian economy, especially in semiarid regions of the Northeast. Despite the favorable factors to the yield of melon other limiting factors have been highlighted as the damage caused by pests, which undertake to harvest, requiring that control measures are adopted. Among these are applications of chemical insecticides, including the neonicotinoids. Studies have shown the collateral damage of these insecticides to beneficial insects like bees, important pollinators of 90% of angiosperms, mainly to melon. The objective of this study was to evaluate the toxicity of neonicotinoids used for pest control in the melon crop to Linnaeus honeybees. Bioassays were performed in the laboratory, being taken repeated measures in time to mortality commercial products Actara 250 WG (thiamethoxam), Evidence 700 WG (imidacloprid), Mospilan (acetamiprid) and Orpheus (acetamiprid) (two formulations). The exposure of bees to the compounds was performed by spraying and ingestion of food contaminated with higher and lower doses recommended by the manufacturers. Regardless of the exposure mode, all insecticides were toxic, reducing the useful life of bees within 1, 2 and 11 days, respectively, compared with the control (distilled water + pure candy), which survived 18 days, average . The insecticide thiamethoxam in both experiments and doses, was extremely toxic; as well as Imidacloprid, the second most toxic. The Acetamiprid insecticide, in both formulations showed toxicity, but not so high as those observed with other insecticides in the study.
Steyn, Manie C. „APIS : a real-time message-oriented middleware“. Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/8752.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis presents an investigation and evaluation of a Real-Time Message-Oriented Middleware (MOM) implementation using commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) software components. The Application Interface Services (APIS) is an implementation of a real-time MOM that provides network services to sub-systems of a large-scale distributed system. It is shown that the characteristics of a MOM are well suited to a real-time message distribution application and that APIS, as an implementation of a real-time MOM, can provide a heterogeneous network interlace to subsystems of a distributed real-time nature. This simplifies the task of implementing information exchange and provides a definitive boundary for assigning responsibility during system design and development.
Vos, R. L. „The Apis embalming ritual : P. Vindob. 3873 /“. Leuven : Peeters : Departement oriëntalistiek, 1993. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35762768j.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFilho, João Eduardo Montandon de Araujo. „Documentação de APIs usando exemplos de código“. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/ESBF-97GNTG.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleO desenvolvimento moderno de software depende cada vez mais do reuso de Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) para garantir produtividade e qualidade. No entanto, devido ao seu tamanho e complexidade, o aprendizado de novas APIs exige um esforço não trivial por parte dos desenvolvedores. Para facilitar esse processo, os criadores de APIs normalmente fornecem recursos para auxiliar os desenvolvedores, geralmente na forma de uma documentação Web. Contudo, as informações contidas nesse tipo de documentação geralmente são insuficientes para o domínio de uma API. Visando ajudar a preencher essa lacuna, propõe-se nesta dissertação de mestrado uma ferramenta, chamada APIMiner, para instrumentação automática de documentações de APIs com exemplos de código fonte. Esses exemplos são extraídos de um repositório privado de sistemas e sumarizados por meio de um algoritmo de slicing estático. Além disso, foi implementada uma versão da ferramenta para a API do sistema operacional Android, chamada Android APIMiner. Para avaliar essa implementação, um estudo de campo foi realizado no qual a plataforma foi disponibilizada publicamente para uso por quatro meses. Para esse estudo, a plataforma extraiu 79,732 exemplos de uso de um repositório com 103 aplicações de código aberto. Ainda, a plataforma foi visitada 20,038 vezes, gerando mais de 40,000 visualizações de páginas e forneceu mais de 2,100 exemplos para seus usuários. Além disso, um experimento controlado foi conduzido envolvendo 17 participantes e incluindo a realização de duas tarefas de manutenção em uma pequena aplicação Android. Com esse experimento, observou-se que os exemplos providos pelo APIMiner ajudam a concluir tarefas de programação que envolvem poucos elementos da API. Por outro lado, os exemplos providos atualmente se mostraram menos úteis para resolver tarefas mais complexas, como as que requerem protocolos de chamadas de métodos mais elaborados.
Khaile, Patrick. „FSK modem modules for SDR using different linux API's“. Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/49969.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleENGLISH ABSTRACT: The purpose of this thesis is to implement the Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) modem modules for the Software Defined Radio (SDR), using different Linux sound Application Programming Interfaces (API's). The FSK modulation scheme, uses coherent detection with matched filters. The modules are implemented using the Linux operating system and the programming language used is C/C++. Simulation is performed first and then followed by implementation in real-time, using APIs. The APIs used are Open Sound System (OSS), Advanced Linux Sound Architecture (ALSA), Jack Audio Connection Kit (JACK) and PortAudio (PA). In real-time two computers are used, one acting as the modulator and the other as the demodulator. The two sound cards are connected by an audio cable. Results obtained using OSS, ALSA and JACK are satisfactory. Recommendations are subsequently made for the suitable API(s). Both ALSA and JACK are the best APIs for the implementation.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie tesis is om modules vir 'n frekwensieskuif-sleuteling (FSK) modem vir 'n Sagteware-gedefinieerde Radio (SDR) te implementeer, deur gebruik te maak van verskillende Linux klankargitekture (API's). Die FSK modulasieskema gebruik koherente deteksie met aangepaste filters. Die modules is geïmplementeer met behulp van die Linux bedryfstelsel en CjC++ is gebruik as programmeringstaal. Simulasies is eers gedoen, gevolg deur 'n reële-tyd implementasie. Die klankargitekture wat gebruik is, is Open Sound System (OSS), Advanced Linux Sound Architecture (ALSA), Jack Audio Connection Kit (JACK) en PortAudio (PA). Twee rekenaars is gebruik vir die reële-tyd stelsel, waar een as die modulator optree en die ander een as die demodulator. Die twee klankkaarte is verbind deur 'n klankkabel. Bevredigende resultate is verkry met behulp van OSS, ALSA en JACK. Aanbevelings is gevolglik gemaak vir toepaslike API's. Beide ALSA en JACK is die geskikste API's vir die implementasie.
Oliveira, Maria Emilene Correia de. „Polietismo e detecção de vírus deformador das asas em abelha Apis mellifera scutellata (Africanizada) e Apis mellifera ligustica (Europeia)“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11146/tde-27032013-152000/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe performance of tasks in the Apis mellifera colony is related to the functioning of their gland system. However, the presence of pathogens in the population may lead to behavior modifications that can harm the proper development of the colony. This work aimed to verify whether there is relation between gland and brain protein secretion for the different tasks performed by the adult worker honeybees, in A. m. scutellata (Africanized) and A. m. ligustica (European), and how the deformed wing virus (DWV) could interfere with the performance of these tasks. The following analysis were carried out: protein tests (Bradford method) in the brain and in mandibular, hypopharyngeal, and thoracic and cephalic salivary glands, in Africanized and European honeybees at the ages of 0 (newborn), 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 days; measurements of the acini area of cephalic salivary and hypopharyngeal glands in those honeybees; evaluation of the development of tasks performed by honeybees and reversion of the laying workers of Africanized honeybees; test to detect DWV using real-time PCR in Africanized honeybees and in the brain and in mandibular, hypopharyngeal, and thoracic and cephalic salivary glands of European honeybees at the ages of 5 and 30 days; and morphological evaluation of the damages caused by the DWV acute infection in the brain and in the studied glands. Africanized and European honeybees showed statistically significant protein contents (p>0.05) for all the structures and ages studied. The acini areas of cephalic salivary and hypopharyngeal glands showed modifications according to the development of those glands at the different studied ages. It was observed that the swarms of bees with the same age are capable to perform different tasks needed to the survival of their colony, being the principal task, performed at the different studied ages, indicated by the significant protein contents found (p>0.05). The European honeybees at the same age showed higher acini development in the cephalic salivary gland than in the hypopharyngeal one at the initial studied ages, differing from the acini area in the same glands of honeybees grown in a regular colony. The worker honeybees can control the laying workers of the colony. Africanized and European honeybees showed positive results for DWV, which was also observed in thoracic salivary and mandibular glands in five-day-old honeybees. It was observed that the acute DWV infection causes morphological modifications in the honeybees glands, which show plasticity in the performance of tasks, not being them restricted to a particular age. Moreover, the DWV infection is not limiting for Africanized honeybees, but it is for the European ones.
Thompson, Catherine Eleanor. „The health and status of the feral honeybee (Apis mellifera sp.) and Apis mellifera mellifera population of the UK“. Thesis, University of Leeds, 2010. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/5211/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNeto, Francisco Humberto de Carvalho. „Abelhas visitantes florais e potenciais polinizadoras do cafà (Coffea arabica L.) ecolÃgico e sombreado no MaciÃo de Baturità - CearÓ. Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2010. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=6008.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleA pesquisa foi realizada na fazenda SÃo SebastiÃo, localizada no municÃpio de Mulungu â CE. Os dados foram coletados e trabalhados no perÃodo de Novembro de 2009 a Junho de 2010, com o objetivo de estudar os visitantes florais e a polinizaÃÃo do cafà (Coffea arabica L.) ecolÃgico e sombreado das cultivares Mundo Novo e Maragogipe. Foram estudados a biologia floral e os requerimentos de polinizaÃÃo das cultivares; o comportamento de pastejo e avaliaÃÃo dos frutos apÃs 100 dias dos tratamentos de polinizaÃÃo. Os resultados mostraram que Apis mellifera foi a espÃcie mais freqÃente nas flores (9  0,42, n = 455) seguida de Trigona fulviventris (4  0,52, n = 206), Melipona rufiventris (4  0,42, n = 151), Nannotrigona sp. (3  0,48, n = 148), Trigona spinipes (3  0,43, n = 157) e Xylocopa grisescens (2  0,78, n= 38). ApÃs 100 dias dos tratamentos de polinizaÃÃo (polinizaÃÃo livre, restrita com saco de papel, restrita com saco de organza, polinizaÃÃo cruzada manual e geitonogamia) verificamos diferenÃas significativas
The survey was conducted on the farm SÃo SebastiÃo, located in the city of Mulungu - CE. Data were collected and studied during the period November 2009 to June 2010 with the aim of studying the floral visitors and pollination of coffee (Coffea arabica L.) and green shade of Mundo Novo and Maragogipe. We studied the floral biology and pollination requirements of the cultivars, the grazing behavior and evaluation of fruit after 100 days of pollination. The results showed that Apis mellifera was the most frequent in the flowers (9 Â 0.42, n = 455) followed by Trigona fulviventris (4 Â 0.52, n = 206), Melipona rufiventris (4 Â 0.42, n = 151), Nannotrigona sp. (3 Â 0.48, n = 148), Trigona spinipes (3 Â 0.43, n = 157) and Xylocopa grisescens (2 Â 0.78, n = 38). After 100 days of pollination (open pollination, with narrow paper bag, with narrow organza bag, manual cross-pollination and geitonogamy) showed significant differences (Mundo Novo X2 = 44.9495, DF=4,p<0.005; Maragogipe: X2 = 59.8649, df = 4, p <0.005) between treatments with respect to viable fruits. The open pollinated differed significantly (P <0.05) of all treatments for Mundo Novo. In the cultivar Maragogipe, the free pollination, manual cross-pollination and geitonogamy presented the highest number of viable fruits and did not differ. However, these treatments differed significantly (P <0.05) than treatment with restricted pollination bag and this in turn also differed from the restricted pollination treatment with organza bag. The total weight of 100 days after the pollination treatments showed no significant differences between cultivars at a significance level of 5%. It is concluded that the Arabic coffee can produce fruits under any circumstances tested. Despite being selfcompatible, also supports the cross-pollination that leads to an increase in productivity. The wind and gravity did not favor an increase in fruit set fruit. Species Apis mellifera, Melipona rufiventris and Xylocopa grisescens recorded behavior of potential pollinators.
Monteiro, Victor MagalhÃes. „Abelhas visitantes florais e potenciais polinzadores da macieira (Malus domestica Borkh.) no semiÃrido brasileiro“. Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2014. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=13833.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEsse estudo teve como objetivos estudar os aspectos da biologia floral e possÃveis fatores limitantes à polinizaÃÃo e investigar a utilizaÃÃo da abelha Apis mellifera e o papel de outros insetos visitantes na polinizaÃÃo de macieira (Malus domestica Borkh.) em cultivos na regiÃo do semiÃrido nordestino brasileiro. O estudo foi realizado em uma Ãrea experimental que possui 0,5 hectare da fazenda FrutaCorÂ, municÃpio de Russas, CearÃ. Foram estudadas a variedade Julieta, utilizada como doadora de pÃlen e Princesa como receptora. A quebra da dormÃncia do florescimento ocorreu de forma quÃmica e fÃsica para as duas variedades. O estudo foi desenvolvido durante 39 dias, entre o final de outubro e inicio de dezembro de 2013. Flores da var. Julieta duraram menos dias do que as da Princesa (VarJulieta = 2,04  0,197; VarPrincesa 2,93  0,274; Mann-Whitney U = 150, p < 0,0001). A liberaÃÃo do pÃlen na var. Julieta ocorreu a partir das 09:00h do primeiro dia, com pico Ãs 13:00h do segundo dia. A receptividade estigmÃtica na var. Princesa iniciou durante o estÃdio âbalÃoâ mantendo-se atà senescÃncia. Houve uma perda mÃdia de 19,87%  15,79 no nÃmero de anteras da var. Julieta que efetivamente liberaram pÃlen em relaÃÃo ao total produzido por flor. A temperatura mÃdia de 30,21ÂC  4,18, pode ter sido responsÃvel pela reduÃÃo na longevidade, perda de anteras e perda de pÃlen, sendo, portanto, recomendado o aumento no nÃmero de plantas doadora de pÃlen nos cultivos em ambientes semiÃridos. Os visitantes florais mais abundantes foram os insetos e dentre esses, as abelhas representando cerca de 61,86% do total. As flores da macieira apresentaram pico de visitaÃÃo no perÃodo da manhÃ, seguindo atà as 12:00h (81,57%). Por se tratar de uma cultura dependente de polinizaÃÃo cruzada para o vingamento do fruto, foi observada a atratividade das flores para as abelhas em diferentes idades, obtendo 18,66  4,93; 41,3  7,63 e 4,6  1,52, em flores de 1Â, 2 e 3 dia, respectivamente, mostrando que as flores de 2 dia sÃo mais atrativas para as abelhas (p<0,05). Foi observado que apenas uma visita de Apis mellifera foi suficiente para promover o vingamento de frutos, independentemente da idade da flor. A introduÃÃo de colÃnias dessa abelha no pomar se faz necessÃrio, pois A. mellifera foi a espÃcies mais frequentemente observada nas flores da macieira.
This study aimed to investigated aspects of floral biology and possible limiting factors to pollination, investigate the use of bees, Apis mellifera, and the role of other insects visitors in apple pollination (Malus domestica Borkh.) in crops in the Brazilian northeast semiarid region. The study was conducted in an experimental area which has 0.5 hectare on FrutaCor farm, Russas - CearÃ. We used Two appleâs varieties in this study. The Julieta variety was used as pollen donor and the Princessa variety was used as receiving pollen. Theses varieties need chemical and physical treatment to flower break dormancy occurred. The study was conducted for 39 days at the end of October and early December 2013. Julieta Flowers lasted for fewer days than the princessa (VarJulieta = 2.04  0.197, 2.93  0.274 VarPrincesa; Mann-Whitney U = 150, p <0.0001). The pollen release of Julieta started at 09: 00h on the first day and had peaking at 13: 00h in the second day. The stigmatic receptivity of Princessa variety started during the stage "balloon" remaining until senescence. There was an average loss of Julietâ anthers number of 19.87  15.79% that effectively released pollen in relation to the total production per flower. The average of temperature 30,21ÂC  4.18, may have been responsible for the reduction in longevity, loss of anthers and pollen loss, and is therefore recommended to increase the number of pollen donor plants in crops in semi-arid environments. The most abundant flower visitors were insects and among these, the bees representing approximately 61.86% of the total. Apple tree flowers had visitation peak in the morning, 5:00 to 12: 00h (81.57%). Therefore this culture is a cross-pollination-dependent to ripening of fruit, we observed the different ages flowers attractiveness by bees and we obtained 18.66  4.93; 41.3  7.63 and 4.6  1.52, on 1 flowers, 2 and 3 days, respectively, showing that the 2nd day flowers are more attractive to bees (p <0.05). We observed that only a visit of Apis mellifera was enough to promote fruit set, regardless of the age of the flower. The introduction of this bee colonies in the orchard is necessary because A. mellifera was the most frequently observed species in apple tree flowers.
Silva, Izabel Christina da. „Efeito tóxico de Stryphnodendron polyphyllum (Fabaceae) para as abelhasApis mellifera, Tetragonisca angustula, Scaptotrigona aff. depilis e Nannotrigona testaceicornis (Apidae)“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/59/59131/tde-27092012-152405/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn Brazil, studies conducted on the Stryphnodendron polyphyllum (barbatimão) pollen have shown its toxic effect when it is incorporated into diets offered to Africanized bees larvae. This pollen is the causative agent of Brazilian Sac Brood (BSB), characterized by pre-pupae mortality. Diseases in Apis mellifera haves been extensively studied. However, there are a few reports on their occurrence in stingless bees. Thus, the main objective of this work was to evaluate whether Africanized bees present differences in survival, amount of barbatimão pollen collected and whether there are differences in the collections of this pollen between colonies of different apiaries; to verify whether Scaptotrigona aff. depilis, Tetragonisca angustula and Nannotrigona testaceicornis bees collect this pollen and whether it leads to brood mortality; and subsequently to evaluate the toxicity of this pollen to bees brood by rearing A. mellifera, S. aff. depilis, T. angustula and N. testaceicornis larvae in vitro. For this A. mellifera, S.aff. depilis, T. angustula and N. testaceicornis colonies were taken to apiaries located in Altinópolis/SP, during babartimão flowering period (October to December). In the Africanized bee colonies pollen was collected from the comb and the survival of the brood with controlled age was evaluated. In the stingless bee colonies pollen was collected from the corbicula of the bees and also from the interior of the hive. The pollen samples were prepared by the standard European method, counting 300 pollen grains in three different slides to check the percentage of barbatimão pollen grains. Africanized bees presented differences in pollen collections within and among apiaries; only three colonies did not collect and one collected little barbatimão pollen, among 92 colonies analyzed. The brood of these colonies did not present symptoms of BSB. The daughter queens of these colonies were instrumentally inseminated or naturally fecundated. These colonies were analyzed in 2011, together with their parental colonies; there were differences in survival depending on the apiary location. We found differences in the collection preference of barbatimão pollen. These results will contribute to the planning of new studies with the aim of understanding the low preference mechanism for pollen collection and selection programs aimed at reducing problems with this toxic pollen. In the stingless bees, we found barbatimão pollen in the food pots and in the corbiculae. Some dead brood was found in the brood cells, during the same period in which mortality was observed in Africanized bees with BSB symptoms. The results suggest that the mortality observed may be due to the consumption of this pollen. Larvae of stingless bees were reared in vitro and fed larval food containing different amounts of barbatimão pollen. The survival of S. aff. depilis and N. testaceicornis was not affected when ingesting food containing barbatimão pollen, but survival of T. angustula was significantly higher when the larvae received only larval food (control) compared to those fed larval food containing 1% barbatimão pollen. The larvae of A. mellifera were also reared in vitro and fed diets containing 1, 2 and 3% barbatimão pollen. All larvae fed barbatimão pollen died with symptoms similar to the ones observed under natural conditions. We conclude that these stingless bees are physiologically more resistant to this toxic pollen.
Gorrell, Jordan. „Trust Factors and Third-Party Web APIs : A survey on what factors influences developers’ trust in third-party web APIs“. Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för datavetenskap och medieteknik (DM), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-106223.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNeto, Moysés Elias. „Morfogênese do tegumento em Apis mellifera: construindo o exoesqueleto adulto“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/59/59139/tde-07042008-194215/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe evolutionary success of the insects is to a large extent due to the structural and mechanical properties of the integument, which is made up of an outer cuticle layer and the subjacent epidermis. As an effective interface between the insect soft body and the environment, the integument performs all the functions of a skin and of an exoskeleton. It not only supports the insect, but gives it its shape, means of locomotion, and provides protection against desiccation, besides being involved in defense strategies towards predators and pathogenic agents. Building and maturation of the adult exoskeleton include complex biochemical pathways where the enzymes Laccases (E.C. 1.10.3.2) may have a key role. Laccases have been characterized mainly in fungi and bacteria. In insects, the function of these enzymes has been linked to cuticle tanning (pigmentation and sclerotization) and stabilization of the protein-based exoskeleton. It was our aim to identify and investigate the function and regulation of the gene, Amlac 2, which encodes the enzyme Laccase 2 in the honeybee, Apis mellifera. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analyses evidenced that Amlac 2 is highly expressed in the integument of pharate adults in correlation with cuticle pigmentation and sclerotization. Transcription increases in thoracic, abdominal and wing integuments immediately after pupal-imaginal apolysis, and remains abundant all through pharate adult development. Consistent with the different degree of sclerotization in cuticle areas recovering distinct body parts, the increase in the levels of Amlac2 transcripts occurs later in abdominal than in thoracic and wing integuments. A comparative approach using honeybee workers, queens and drones also revealed caste and sex-specific patterns of adult integument differentiation. Post-transcriptional Amlac2 gene silencing resulted in abnormalities in cuticle structure, melanization and sclerotization, as revealed by histological analyses, and drastically affected the adult molt. Such results clearly indicate a critical role of Laccase 2 in the differentiation of the adult exoskeleton in the honeybee. Experiments using a ligature to prevent the increase in ecdysteroid titer in abdomen resulted in inhibition of Amlac 2 transcription and severely impaired cuticular differentiation. These results strongly indicate that Amlac 2 expression is controlled by ecdysteroids, and has a crucial role in the differentiation and maturation of the adult cuticle. Moreover, a radioimmunoassay using hemolymph from ligated abdomens suggested the existence of an alternative source of ecdysteroids, in addition to prothoracic glands, thus leading us to propose a new endocrine model for differentiation of the adult honeybee.
Martins, Juliana Ramos. „Caracterização da região codificadora e análise de expressão de Hexamerinas durante o desenvolvimento de Apis mellifera“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17135/tde-22042013-154944/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe cDNAs encoding the hexamerins HEX 70a, HEX 70c and HEX 110 of Apis mellifera were synthesized from total RNA isolated, cloned and their coding region were completely sequenced. In silico analyses of the translation products showed that the respective protein subunits contain the conserved domains N, M and C, typical of hemocyanins, and that in HEX 110, but not in the other subunits, the C domain is interrupted by a repetitive amino acid sequence. Analyses of similarity suggested that in the honey bee, the four hexamerin genes derived by duplication events and diversification from an ancestral gene, resulting in multiple paralogs. Our analyses also showed that HEX 110 is rich in glutamine/glutamic acid and that HEX 70a and HEX 70c are composed by more than 15% of aromatic amino acids and, therefore, integrate the arylphorin class of hexamerins. The temporal expression of these genes, and also of the gene encoding a previously characterized hexamerin of A. mellifera, hex 70b, was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively during the development of worker bees, queens and drones. Concomitantly, the abundance of the respective polypeptides in the fat body or hemolymph was examined by SDS-PAGE or Western Blot. The four hexamerin genes are expressed in the fat body mainly during larval stage. The modulation of the expression of these genes shows similarities during the larval-pupal transition of worker bees, queens and drones, with high levels of transcripts in the last larval instar and low levels in newly ecdysed pupae. However, the relative quantity of transcripts of hex 70a, hex 70b and hex 110 in the feeding phase of the last larval instar (L5F) is significantly lower in queens than in worker bees, suggesting the participation of the respective proteins in the process of caste differentiation. During the larval stage, the four different hexamerin subunits are stored in the hemolymph where, seemingly, they perform the function of storage proteins and hence, constitute source of amino acids for pupal development. Nevertheless, the expression of hex 70a is extended until the adult stage of worker bees, queens and drones and, in this stage, the female bees and the drones show distinct expression profiles. In the fat body of worker bees, but not in queens and drones, the expression of hex 110 also occurs during the adult stage. The expression of hex 70a and hex 110 in the adult fat body was proven to be limited by the availability of nutrients: worker bees fed with a protein diet showed significantly higher levels of both transcripts than the ones that received a diet which was poor in protein, thus evidencing that the transcription and translation processes are nutritionally-regulated. Additionally, the transcripts level of hex 70a and of hex 110 increase in the fat body of worker bees with active ovaries, suggesting that these genes have function associated with reproduction. In A. mellifera, the fat body is not the only site of expression of hexamerins genes. Transcripts of hex 70a, hex 70b and hex 110 were detected also in developing gonads of worker bees, queens and drones, suggesting that they have a function in ovary differentiation and testis maturation. Our results indicated that the hexamerins encoded by these genes have alternate functions in the life cycle of A. mellifera honey bees, besides serving as a source of amino acids to metamorphosis.
Santos, Aline Mackert dos. „Biologia molecular de genes envolvidos no metabolismo do hormônio juvenil em Apis mellifera“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17135/tde-25052011-162352/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe sequisterpenoid, Juvenile Hormone (JH), is a key regulator in many aspects of insect life. In the Honey bee, Apis mellifera¸ JH is additionally involved in caste differentiation and also in age task performance during adult worker life. Herein, we identified genes coding to JH synthesis enzymes pathway in corpora allata and degradation in hemolymph and tissues based on sequences from Genome Sequencing Consortium. The identification of those genes involved functional assays as RNA interference, expression levels in specific tissues, search for functional motifs and also similarity among sequences. The results showed that a balance between synthesis and degradation occurs to the maintenance of hemolymph JH titers. An association between JH degradation by the enzymes, JH esterase and JH epoxide hydrolase, and ovary differentiation during larval stage was established. JH degradation showed to act together with the JH synthesis process to maintain the cast-specific titers of JH, which is essential to females development into castes. The nutrition status in Honey bee adult workers is an important mechanism controlling JH metabolism, in the same way it was observed previously for larvae development. The progress of this work contributed significantly to the knowledge of this amazing social insect life, A. mellifera.
Fernandes, Ana Isabel Silvestre. „Estudo comparativo entre interfaces de programação de aplicações de mapas“. Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/8475.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEste trabalho debruça-se sobre APIs de mapas para utilização em aplicações com características de georreferenciação, e tem como objetivo realizar um estudo comparativo entre APIs desta natureza, por forma a que o utilizador possa tomar uma decisão informada na escolha de uma API de mapas mais adequada ao seu objetivo. Neste contexto, esta dissertação foca-se no estudo de duas categorias de APIs de Mapas: as de âmbito empresarial e open source. Dentro da categoria empresarial, avaliou-se uma API de grande impacto, a Google Maps JavaScript API da Google e uma diretamente ligada à ciência/engenharia da informação geográfica, a ArcGIS API for JavaScript da Esri. A API de open source escolhida foi a OpenLayers JavaScript Mapping Library da Open Source software community. Como base para a realização do estudo, existem três elementos distintos: três protótipos baseados em cada uma das APIs de mapas escolhidas; as próprias APIs; e um conjunto de aplicações suportadas pela Google Maps JavaScript API, submetidas como trabalhos no contexto da disciplina de Tecnologias de Informação Geográfica (TIG), do Mestrado em Engenharia Informática da FCT/UNL. A todos estes elementos aplicaramse métricas de avaliação de usabilidade, através de um programa desenvolvido para o efeito. Os protótipos desenvolvidos implementam funcionalidades básicas presentes nas aplicações georreferenciadas reais, e o conjunto de aplicações incluem determinados requisitos mínimos, que, neste caso, são semelhantes aos das funcionalidades básicas dos protótipos. Assim, o estudo desenvolvido permite, com base nas métricas, tirar conclusões sobre os objetos mais utilizados, a dimensão das APIs, a facilidade de compreensão das APIs e o estado de evolução de cada API.
Serrenho, Ana Luísa Marques Gaspar. „Avaliação do efeito acaricida de óleo essencial de mentha cervina L. sobre Varroa destructor“. Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/15281.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBujok, Brigitte. „Thermoregulation im Brutbereich der Honigbiene Apis mellifera carnica“. Doctoral thesis, [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=978874234.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEd-douibi, Hamza. „Model-driven round-trip engineering of REST APIs“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667111.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLas API Web se han convertido en una pieza fundamental para un gran número de compañías, que han promovido su implementación e integración en las actividades cotidianas del negocio. En la práctica, estas API Web son "REST-like", lo que significa que se adhieren parcialmente al estilo arquitectónico conocido como transferencia de estado representacional ('representational state transfer', REST en inglés). De hecho, REST es un paradigma de diseño y no propone ningún estándar. Por ello, tanto el desarrollo como el consumo de API REST son tareas difíciles y que demandan mucho tiempo de los proveedores y los clientes de API. El objetivo de esta tesis es facilitar el diseño, la implementación, la composición y el consumo de API REST, apoyándose en el desarrollo de software dirigido por modelos (DSDM). Esta tesis propone las siguientes contribuciones: EMF-REST, APIDiscoverer, APITester, APIGenerator y APIComposer. Estas contribuciones constituyen un ecosistema que avanza el estado de la cuestión en el área de la ingeniería del software referida a la automatización de las tareas relacionadas con el desarrollo y consumo de API REST.
Web APIs have become an increasingly key asset for businesses, and their implementation and integration in companies' daily activities has thus been on the rise. In practice, most of these Web APIs are "REST-like", meaning that they adhere partially to the Representational State Transfer (REST) architectural style. In fact, REST is a design paradigm and does not propose any standard, so developing and consuming REST APIs end up being challenging and time-consuming tasks for API providers and clients. Therefore, the aim of this thesis is to facilitate the design, implementation, composition and consumption of REST APIs by relying on Model-Driven Engineering (MDE). Likewise, it offers the following contributions: EMF-REST, APIDiscoverer, APITester, APIGenerator and APIComposer. Together, these contributions make up an ecosystem which advances the state of the art of automated software engineering for REST APIs.
OLSSON, ROBERT. „Applying REST principles on local client-side APIs“. Thesis, KTH, Skolan för datavetenskap och kommunikation (CSC), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-153671.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleApplicering av REST-princper på lokala API:er på klientsidan I det här examensarbetet utforskas användningen av REST principer på lokala API:er. REST är en populär arkitekturstil för att utveckla mjukvara, designad för att vara enkel, skalbar och generell. För- och nackdelar med att använda REST istället för konventionella stilar att utveckla API:er har utforskats, med fokus på libspotify. Libspotify är ett C-API som låter tredjepartsutvecklare använda Spotifys musikströmningstjänst. Ett lokalt REST-API implementerades ovanpå libspotifys C-API. Metoder för att mäta API:ernas egenskaper användes, som visade att det existerande API:t hade ett större beroende mellan mjukvarukomponenter än REST-API:t. Mätresultaten och tidigare relevanta studier användes för att analysera REST i lokala API:er. Den huvudsakliga fördelen visade sig vara det minskade beroendet mellan mjukvarukomponenter, vilket leder till att API:t blir lättare att utveckla och underhålla. Den största nackdelen är det extra arbete som krävs föratt dels modellera ett REST-API, och dels göra det mer användarvänligt. Slutsatsen är att libspotify kan dra nytta utav REST, men att det kan innebära mer arbete än att designa ett konventionellt lokalt API.
Bovi, Thaís de Souza [UNESP]. „Toxicidade de inseticidas para abelhas Apis mellifera L“. Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104999.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEste trabalho teve por objetivos estabelecer a Dose Letal (DL50) de inseticidas em abelhas campeiras de Apis mellifera africanizadas e verificar a ocorrência de alterações comportamentais. O experimento foi desenvolvido no Setor de Apicultura da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Fazenda Experimental Lageado, UNESP, Campus de Botucatu. Foram utilizadas abelhas campeiras e testados os agrotóxicos Acefato, Cipermetrina, Deltametrina, Carbaril, Fipronil e Imidacloprido, por meio de testes de contato (2L na região dorsal do tórax) e ingestão (1 mL de mel), ambos contendo as diferentes doses dos inseticidas. O controle dos testes de contato e ingestão receberam apenas água destilada e mel, respectivamente. Após 30, 60, 90, 120 e 150 minutos do início dos testes quantificou-se o número de abelhas com alterações comportamentais. Para cálculo da DL50, 24 horas após o início dos testes, os resultados foram submetidos à análise Probit, utilizando-se o programa BioStat. Os dados de alteração de comportamento foram analisados por meio do teste de Tukey para comparação entre médias (P<0,05). As DL50 de contato e ingestão (g/abelha) foram, respectivamente, Acefato 0,00370,0012 e 0,01470,0045; Carbaril 0,24560,1254 e 0,36330,1680; Cipermetrina 0,00040,0001 e 0,01030,0087; Deltametrina 0,00420,0021 e 0,04860,01; Fipronil 0,00800,0021 e 0,23160,0626; Imidacloprido 0,03080,0218 e 0,10790,0375. Os testes de contato para Acefato, Carbaril, Cipermetrina e Deltametrina e os testes de ingestão para Carbaril, Fipronil e Imidacloprido mostraram alterações comportamentais significativas, em relação ao controle. Conclui-se que todas as substâncias foram prejudiciais às abelhas, devido aos baixos valores de DL50 obtidos, e a ocorrência de alterações comportamentais
This research aimed establishes the lethal dose (LD50) of insecticides in africanized foraging bees Apis mellifera and verify the occurrence of behavioral changes. The research was conducted in the Sector of Apiculture, Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science University, Lageado Experimental Farm, UNESP, Botucatu. Were used foraging bees and tested the pesticides Acephate, Cypermethrin, Deltamethrin, Carbaryl, Fipronil and Imidacloprid through contact test (2L in dorsal region of the chest) and food intake (1mL of honey), both containing different doses of pesticides. The control group test of contact and food intake received only distilled water and honey, respectively. After 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 minutes of the test starting were quantified the numbers of bees with behavioral changes. For calculation of LD50, 24 hours after the starting of tests, the results were submitted to Probit analysis using the program BioStat. Data behavioral changes were analyzed by Tukey test for comparison of means (P<0.05). The LD50 of contact and food intake (g/bee) were, respectively, Acephate 0.00370.0012 and 0.01470.0045; Carbaryl 0.24560.1254 and 0.36330.1680; Cypermethrin 0.00040.0001 and 0.01030.0087; Deltamethrin 0.00420.0021 and 0.04860.01; Fipronil 0.00800.0021 and 0.23160.0626; Imidacloprid 0.03080.0218 and 0.10790.0375. The tests contact to Acephate, Carbaryl, Cipermethrin and Deltamethrin and the food intake tests for Carbaryl, Fipronil and Imidacloprid showed significant behavioral changes, compared to control. It can be concluded that all the substances were harmful to bees, due to low LD50 values obtained, and the occurrence of behavioral changes
Wachten, Sebastian. „Funktionelle Charakterisierung von Adenylatzyklasen der Honigbiene Apis mellifera /“. Jülich : Forschungszentrum, Zentralbibliothek, 2005. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=015043300&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNanty, Lisa. „Functional methylomics of apis mellifera and other invertebrates“. Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.535742.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKeighren, Gavin. „Restricting information flow in security APIs via typing“. Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/8963.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLobo, Carlos Henrique. „Determinantes moleculares do polietismo sequencial em Apis mellifera“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17135/tde-02032010-153219/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAge-dependent change in functions in division of labor is a characteristic trait in colonies of the honey bees, Apis mellifera L. Life expectancy of a worker bee is about 30-40 days. One of the physiological changes related to aging in workers is the atrophy of the hypopharyngeal gland (HG). The secretory cycle of the HG is closely related to the role as a nurse, played by workers when they are between 5 to 20 days old. In foragers, these glands regress and apparently pass to a post-secretory state. Thus, this gland is an experimental model for the study of division of labor and aging. This study aimed to study differential gene expression in HGs in two distinct phases of adult life. Candidate genes coming out of these screens were then used to investigate the link between gland function and behavior in worker kept as single-cohort colony. For this purpose, different techniques were used, such as: Suppression Substractive Hybridization (RDA), Real Time PCR, and Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS). In the RDA analyses of HGs from nurses and foragers workers we identified four differentially expressed genes: buffy, alpha-glucosidase, amylase proximal and major royal jelly-4. The analysis of their expression in samples of single-cohort workers showed that buffy is higher expressed in nurses, whereas the others had higher transcript levels in foragers. We also studied the expression of the stress-related superoxide dismutase gene, which turned out to be more expressed in foragers, and of the gene coding for vitellogenin, for which we found no difference in expression between the two life stages. These results extend our knowledge on differential gene expression in honey bees, especially for the HGs, adding new candidates to the list of markers of aging. The composition of cephalic cuticular hydrocarbons was investigated by GC/MS. It consisted of alkanes, alkenes, alkadienes and branched alkanes, ranging between 21 and 35 carbon atoms. The profile of foragers was mainly represented by alkanes, while the nurses had more alkenes, showing that the cephalic cuticular hydrocarbon profile in A. mellifera workers is dynamically linked to behavior rather than age. These results lend support to the idea that worker-worker interaction can influence the rate of behavioral development through chemical communication.
Bovi, Thaís de Souza 1983. „Toxicidade de inseticidas para abelhas Apis mellifera L. /“. Botucatu :, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104999.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBanca: Edson Ramos de Siqueira
Banca: Lídia Maria Ruv Carelli Barreto
Resumo: Este trabalho teve por objetivos estabelecer a Dose Letal (DL50) de inseticidas em abelhas campeiras de Apis mellifera africanizadas e verificar a ocorrência de alterações comportamentais. O experimento foi desenvolvido no Setor de Apicultura da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Fazenda Experimental Lageado, UNESP, Campus de Botucatu. Foram utilizadas abelhas campeiras e testados os agrotóxicos Acefato, Cipermetrina, Deltametrina, Carbaril, Fipronil e Imidacloprido, por meio de testes de contato (2L na região dorsal do tórax) e ingestão (1 mL de mel), ambos contendo as diferentes doses dos inseticidas. O controle dos testes de contato e ingestão receberam apenas água destilada e mel, respectivamente. Após 30, 60, 90, 120 e 150 minutos do início dos testes quantificou-se o número de abelhas com alterações comportamentais. Para cálculo da DL50, 24 horas após o início dos testes, os resultados foram submetidos à análise Probit, utilizando-se o programa BioStat. Os dados de alteração de comportamento foram analisados por meio do teste de Tukey para comparação entre médias (P<0,05). As DL50 de contato e ingestão (g/abelha) foram, respectivamente, Acefato 0,00370,0012 e 0,01470,0045; Carbaril 0,24560,1254 e 0,36330,1680; Cipermetrina 0,00040,0001 e 0,01030,0087; Deltametrina 0,00420,0021 e 0,04860,01; Fipronil 0,00800,0021 e 0,23160,0626; Imidacloprido 0,03080,0218 e 0,10790,0375. Os testes de contato para Acefato, Carbaril, Cipermetrina e Deltametrina e os testes de ingestão para Carbaril, Fipronil e Imidacloprido mostraram alterações comportamentais significativas, em relação ao controle. Conclui-se que todas as substâncias foram prejudiciais às abelhas, devido aos baixos valores de DL50 obtidos, e a ocorrência de alterações comportamentais
Abstract: This research aimed establishes the lethal dose (LD50) of insecticides in africanized foraging bees Apis mellifera and verify the occurrence of behavioral changes. The research was conducted in the Sector of Apiculture, Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science University, Lageado Experimental Farm, UNESP, Botucatu. Were used foraging bees and tested the pesticides Acephate, Cypermethrin, Deltamethrin, Carbaryl, Fipronil and Imidacloprid through contact test (2L in dorsal region of the chest) and food intake (1mL of honey), both containing different doses of pesticides. The control group test of contact and food intake received only distilled water and honey, respectively. After 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 minutes of the test starting were quantified the numbers of bees with behavioral changes. For calculation of LD50, 24 hours after the starting of tests, the results were submitted to Probit analysis using the program BioStat. Data behavioral changes were analyzed by Tukey test for comparison of means (P<0.05). The LD50 of contact and food intake (g/bee) were, respectively, Acephate 0.00370.0012 and 0.01470.0045; Carbaryl 0.24560.1254 and 0.36330.1680; Cypermethrin 0.00040.0001 and 0.01030.0087; Deltamethrin 0.00420.0021 and 0.04860.01; Fipronil 0.00800.0021 and 0.23160.0626; Imidacloprid 0.03080.0218 and 0.10790.0375. The tests contact to Acephate, Carbaryl, Cipermethrin and Deltamethrin and the food intake tests for Carbaryl, Fipronil and Imidacloprid showed significant behavioral changes, compared to control. It can be concluded that all the substances were harmful to bees, due to low LD50 values obtained, and the occurrence of behavioral changes
Doutor
Kravchenko, Maxim. „Evaluation of Security of ServiceWorker and Related APIs“. Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för datavetenskap och medieteknik (DM), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-75875.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSaleh-Mghir, Essam. „La reconnaissance coloniale chez l'abeille : Apis mellifica L“. Toulouse 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991TOU30273.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePaillard, Marilène. „Preservation of Honey Bee (Apis mellifera L.) Semen“. Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27245.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHoney bees (Apis mellifera Linnaeus) are critical players in the agricultural industry for food production as they account for the vast majority of insect pollination. In the last decades, however, there have been dramatic losses of honey bee colonies worldwide. Coupled with instrumental insemination, conservation of honey bee sperm is an effective strategy to protect the species and their genetic diversity. Sperm storage is possible at room temperature, but for many mammal species, cryopreservation is the preferred method for the long-term storage of gametes. However, cryopreservation of honey bee drone semen is not optimized. Our overall objective is to develop a method of drone semen cryopreservation, therefore, two experiments were conducted. Hypothesis #1 was that cryopreservation of drone semen is more effective for long-term storage than at above-freezing temperatures. We therefore compared the efficacy based on sperm viability, of two honey bee semen preservation temperatures: frozen (-196°C) and 16°C. After 1 year of storage, frozen sperm viability was higher than at 16°C (76% ± 5% vs. 0%; p < 0.05), showing that cryopreservation is necessary to conserve semen in vitro. However, the cryoprotectant used for drone sperm freezing, DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide), is toxic to queens after instrumental insemination. Hypothesis #2, therefore, was that centrifugation of cryopreserved semen to remove DMSO prior to insemination improves queen fertility. Our results indicate that centrifuging semen does not affect sperm viability (78% ± 3% vs 75% ± 4% viable sperm; p > 0.05). After queen insemination, both spermathecae and brood production were evaluated, but the results varied greatly, possibly due to the undesirable mucus present in the semen. Therefore, we cannot yet confirm that centrifugation improves queen health after insemination. Nonetheless, our study confirms that cryopreservation of honey bee sperm is necessary and possible for long-term conservation.
Stanley-Oakes, Ryan William. „On the provable security of key management APIs“. Thesis, University of Bristol, 2017. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.738289.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBarbero, Mauro. „Chemistry of APIs: Synthesis and Solid-State Properties“. Doctoral thesis, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11579/114868.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePretotto, Andrea <1989>. „Security and interoperability of APIs for cryptographic devices“. Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/4332.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFerreira, Viviane Gonçalves. „Governança colaborativa na prática : uma análise das experiências nas APACs“. reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/13627.
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O ciclo das políticas públicas brasileiro é, tradicionalmente, traçado a partir do modelo descendente ou top-down. Neste modelo, as decisões políticas são tomadas a partir de concepções limitadas de um grupo seleto de pessoas. Estas decisões, a pesar de afetarem diretamente à sociedade, não se detêm exclusivamente à sua demanda. O conceito de Governança Colaborativa repensa o verdadeiro papel da sociedade, sugerindo uma posição mais ativa da sociedade, que deixa de se limitar à posição apenas de 'beneficiária' das políticas públicas. Dentre as diversas formas de participação da sociedade (participação na elaboração de políticas através de comitês, reivindicações através de movimentos, manifestações, etc.) este trabalho tem como foco a participação na aplicação de uma política já existente, como é o caso da APAC (Associação de Proteção e Assistência aos Condenados). Diante dos problemas identificados pela ineficácia da ressocialização nos presídios comuns do Brasil, as APACs surgem como proposta de parceria, visando à humanização do cumprimento das penas, e oferecendo ao indivíduo maiores condições de recuperar-se, resultando em uma melhor inserção na sociedade. Desta forma, o presente trabalho tem, como objetivo final, a análise comparativa do método APAC. Para tanto, foi utilizado o método qualitativo através da análise comparativa entre dois presídios semelhantes em características, tais como regimes existentes, sexo dos detentos, Estado em que se localizam, sendo que, um destes apresenta o método APAC e outro não. A partir de entrevistas, foram identificadas as características dos detentos, seus comportamentos e perspectivas. Em um primeiro momento, foram comparados índices de reincidência penal de ambos os casos. Em segundo momento, foram analisados os índices de fugas em saída temporária com e sem a presença da metodologia da APAC. Diante dos dados levantados, observou-se aspectos positivos no método APAC, portanto, apesar de ser clara a aceitação e aprovação dos envolvidos, conclui-se que os dados ainda são escassos, ou seja, ainda existe uma carência de informações capazes de embasar uma 'justificativa estratégica' do projeto APAC. Desta forma, ao final da pesquisa, são definidas dimensões de indicadores com objetivo de propor futuras pesquisas sobre a metodologia de avaliação de impacto das APACs nas políticas públicas de segurança.
Lubbe, Annelize. „The phenomenon of Apis mellifera capensis laying workers in Apis mellifera scutellata colonies in the summer rainfall region of South Africa“. Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-10192006-175328.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSalis, Pauline. „Etude du rôle des protéines de polarité Apico-Basale dans l' organisation des jonctions adhérentes“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4015.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEpithelial tissues are composed of a sheet of adherent cells and are present in all metazoans. Their broad function is to compartmentalize tissues and enable the regulated exchange of nutrients and waste between the internal and external environments. To accomplish this function, cells require a specific organization: an apico-basal polarity that provides directionality and intercellular adhesion mediated by adherens junctions that hold cells together. How the epithelia architecture is initiated and maintained remains to be fully elucidated. Adherens junctions and the polarity proteins are functionally linked, as a loss of the main component of AJs: E-cadherin leads to a loss of apico-basal polarity, while disturbing apico-basal polarity results in a re-localization of E-Cadherin. Therefore is challenging to study either pathway in isolation.During my thesis I explored the role of Crumbs, a polarity protein, in the regulation of E-Cadherin in both AJ maturation and maintenance. During maturation of AJs in Drosophila embryo, I demonstrated for the first time by using quantitative high-resolution microscopy PALM that Crumbs regulates E-Cadherin clusters size and their homogenous distribution along the junction. In conclusion, my thesis work provides the first dissection of polarity proteins in E-Cadherin regulation apart from polarity pathways