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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Anti-nuclear activists – South Africa"
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Grisinger, Joanna L. „“South Africa is the Mississippi of the world”: Anti-Apartheid Activism through Domestic Civil Rights Law“. Law and History Review 38, Nr. 4 (11.12.2019): 843–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0738248019000397.
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In the late 1960s and early 1970s, a small group of antiapartheid activists, led by the American Committee on Africa and chair of the House Subcommittee on Africa Rep. Charles Diggs Jr., launched a campaign against South African Airways' new flights into the United States. Using the legal and political strategies of the American civil rights movement, and the fragmentation of power within the American political system, activists tried to turn South African apartheid into an American civil rights problem that American government institutions could address. The strategy was indebted to the political and legal strategies of the civil rights movement, but framing demands around existing civil rights law necessarily limited what activists could ask for and what domestic institutions could provide. In practice, the campaign's successes were limited and legalistic; where domestic civil rights law directly conflicted with apartheid law, airlines could comply with the former without really challenging the latter. And the foreign policy context meant more failures than successes, as domestic legal institutions were reluctant to involve themselves with foreign policy concerns. Their successes and failures nonetheless tell us much about legal mobilization and institutional behavior in a period of globalization where sovereignty and jurisdictional lines were overlapping and conflicting.
2
Klotz, Audie. „Norms and sanctions: lessons from the socialization of South Africa“. Review of International Studies 22, Nr. 2 (01.04.1996): 173–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210500118364.
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In response to South Africa's increasingly institutionalized racial discrimination during the postwar years, transnational anti-apartheid activists advocated a vast array of global sanctions. With the formal abolition of apartheid in 1991, sanctions advocates celebrated the apparent success of the international community's efforts in promoting a global norm of racial equality in South Africa. Since similar sanctions are an increasingly popular policy in the post-Cold War world, the South African case offers a useful starting-point for re-evaluating the utility of sanctions as a non-military policy. However, despite the prominent role of a norm of racial equality in anti-apartheid sanctions, both advocates and critics of international sanctions still generally ignore norms analytically. Expanding our conceptual framework beyond the realist assumptions implicit in most sanctions analyses enables us o t understand better why international actors adopt sanctions and how these measures affect target states.
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Ellmann, Stephen. „Law in and Legitimacy South Africa“. Law & Social Inquiry 20, Nr. 02 (1995): 407–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-4469.1995.tb01068.x.
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This mticle examines whether anti-apartheid lawyering might have legitimized the South Afncan legal system by asking what black South Ahcans actually thought of that system. Perhaps surprisingly, blrcks, and in particular African, appear to have accorded the legal system a measure of legitimacy despite the oppression they often suffered at its hands. Three paradigms of African opinion are offered to help us understand the complex African response to the legal system: the conservatives, forbearing, mutely concerned with such issues as order and security, and perhaps disposed to be deferential to institutions of white authority; the speakers, fueled by faith in the truth or power of their speech, and welcoming the opportunity to be heard that courts could povide; and the activists, adamantly detennined to bnng down apartheid, and judgrng institutions and people by their conhibution to that goal. For men and women thinking in these ways, anti-apartheid lawyering probably did contribute to legitimizing the legal system and that system's ideals. But this partial legitimation of the legal system is, in the end, no came for regret; instead, it may have helped the new South Africa begin building a nation governed by law.
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de Cock, Wessel. „‘Wij waren nette mensen, wij gooiden geen stenen’ : De discussie over de solidariteit met gewelddadig verzet tegen apartheid in de eerste Nederlandse anti-apartheidsbeweging: het Comité Zuid-Afrika (1960-1971)“. Tijdschrift voor geschiedenis 132, Nr. 4 (01.02.2020): 581–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/tvgesch2019.4.004.deco.
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Abstract ‘We were fine people; we did not throw stones.’ Debates in the early Dutch anti-apartheid movement about solidarity with violent resistance to apartheid in South-AfricaIn 1956 the first Dutch anti-apartheid movement, the Comité Zuid-Afrika (CZA), was found. Following the example of the British Anti-Apartheid Movement, the CZA modelled itself as a politically representative moderate movement that was based on solidarity with the oppressed black population in South-Africa. As this article shows, the meaning of this solidarity became fiercely contested within the movement after the African National Congress (ANC) shifted from non-violent action towards armed resistance in the wake of the Sharpeville bloodbath in 1960. Following David Featherstone’s conceptualization of solidarity as a ‘relationship’ that is not a static given, this research shows that solidarity was constantly being contested and redefined in debates between individual members of the CZA. Within the movement many feared that solidarity, once declared, was by definition unconditional. The CZA eventually defined its relationship of solidarity with the ANC as support for non-violent resistance only. Its successor, the Anti-ApartheidsBeweging Nederland (AABN), which like other international anti-apartheid movements in the early 1970s was led by younger and more ideological activists, defined solidarity as unconditional. This different understanding of solidarity made this second generation of anti-apartheid activists participants in the violent resistance against apartheid.
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Khan, Pervaiz. „South Africa: from apartheid to xenophobia“. Race & Class 63, Nr. 1 (Juli 2021): 3–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03063968211020889.
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How to explain the violent xenophobic attacks in South Africa in recent years? Two militant South African activists, Leonard Gentle and Noor Nieftagodien, interviewed here, analyse the race/class bases for the anti-foreigner violence in terms of the echoes/reverberations of apartheid and the rise of neoliberalism. They argue that remnants of apartheid have endured through the reproduction of racial and tribal categories, which has contributed to the entrenchment of exclusionary nationalist politics and the fragmentation of black unity. South Africa’s specific history of capitalist development, the African National Congress’s embraces of neoliberalism, on the one hand, and rainbowism, on the other, have produced the underlying conditions of precarity and desperation that resulted in the normalisation of xenophobia. The unions, too, have failed to recognise the new shape of the ‘working class’. Gentle and Nieftagodien outline the need to contend with the broader social conditions, the global economic crisis, neoliberalism and the deep inequalities it engenders in order to counteract the rising tide of xenophobia and build working-class unity.
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Mbali, Mandisa. „‘A Matter of Conscience’: The Moral Authority of the World Medical Association and the Readmission of the South Africans, 1976–1994“. Medical History 58, Nr. 2 (April 2014): 257–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mdh.2014.8.
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AbstractThis article describes the role of transnational anti-apartheid activism in South Africa, Britain and the United States in generating international moral outrage over the readmission of the Medical Association of South Africa (MASA) to the World Medical Association (WMA), which had taken place in 1981 after it had withdrawn from that body in 1976. It discusses an example of a controversy where an international health organisation (IHO) lost moral authority as a result of being accused of white supremacy and a pro-American engagement in Cold War politics. At the time of its readmission to the WMA, the MASA was controversial because of its failure to strike off its membership roll one of the doctors implicated the death in detention of Black Consciousness leader Steve Biko in 1977. It details how these activists viewed the American Medical Association as having campaigned for the MASA’s readmission. The WMA’s readmission of the MASA cost the former its relationships with the World Health Organisation (WHO) and the British Medical Association – a dispute which continued until South Africa’s democratic transition of 1994. With its focus on transnational activism in relation to the WMA and the effects of activists’ allegations of racism on its internal politics, this article contributes to the literature on the history of IHOs. Ultimately, this controversy shows the deficiency of international medical professional associations as ethical arbitrators of last resort.
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LEFFLER, ELLIOT. „Performing Protest and Protesting Performance: The International Circuits of Touring Political Theatre“. Theatre Research International 46, Nr. 1 (März 2021): 53–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307883320000589.
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From 1980 to 1981, the Baxter Theatre of Cape Town, South Africa, produced a multi-racial Waiting for Godot that garnered vastly different reactions in the various cities to which it toured. With a cast led by John Kani and Winston Ntshona, icons of anti-apartheid theatre, it was sometimes hailed as a scathing anti-apartheid polemic, sometimes admired for its ‘universality’, and in one case denounced and shut down by anti-apartheid activists as a piece of pro-apartheid propaganda. Based on both archival research and interviews, this essay investigates the artists’ intentions and the public's reception in order to illuminate how the international theatrical circuits dovetailed with international activist circuits, sometimes supporting one another, and occasionally tripping each other up.
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Klotz, Audie. „Norms reconstituting interests: global racial equality and U.S. sanctions against South Africa“. International Organization 49, Nr. 3 (1995): 451–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020818300033348.
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The extraordinary success of transnational anti-apartheid activists in generating great power sanctions against South Africa offers ample evidence that norms, independent of strategic and economic considerations, are an important factor in determining states' policies. The crucial role of a strengthened global norm of racial equality in motivating U.S. anti-apartheid sanctions illustrates the limitations of conventional international relations theories, which rely primarily on structural and material interest explanations, and supports theoretically derived constructivist claims. In particular, this case suggests that analysts should examine the role of global norms in defining states' interests, rather than viewing norms solely as external constraints on state behavior.
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Hodgkinson, Dan. „Nationalists with no nation: oral history, ZANU(PF) and the meanings of Rhodesian student activism in Zimbabwe“. Africa 89, S1 (Januar 2019): S40—S64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001972018000906.
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AbstractIn Zimbabwe after 2000, ZANU(PF) leaders’ past experiences of student activism in Rhodesia were celebrated by the state-owned media as personifications of anti-colonial, nationalist leadership in the struggle to liberate the country. This article examines the history behind this narrative by exploring the entangled realities of student activism in Rhodesia throughout the 1960s and 1970s and its role as a mechanism of elite formation in ZANU(PF). Building on the historiography of African student movements, I show how the persistence of nationalist anti-colonial organizing and liberal traditions on campus made student activism in Rhodesia distinct from that in South Africa and independent African countries to its north. The article then examines how and why three former activists, who took up elite political careers in the party that they subsequently left, contested the ruling party's anti-colonial, ‘patriotic’ rendering of these experiences. These three men's stories invoked imagined and older forms of nationalism or institutional ethic that had been abandoned by the party as it turned to more authoritarian rule. Stories of Rhodesian student activism thus provided space for justifying alternative political possibilities of nationalism, which implicitly critiqued the ruling party's ‘patriotic’ narrative, as well as for nostalgic anecdotes of life on campus, their journeys into adulthood, and the excitement of being part of a dynamic, transformational political project.
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Alhadeff, Vic. „Journalism during South Africa's apartheid regime“. Cosmopolitan Civil Societies: An Interdisciplinary Journal 10, Nr. 2 (27.07.2018): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ccs.v10i2.5924.
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Vic Alhadeff was chief sub-editor of The Cape Times, Cape Town’s daily newspaper, during the apartheid era. It was a staunchly anti-apartheid newspaper, and the government had enacted a draconian system of laws to govern and restrict what media could say. The effect was that anti-apartheid activists such as Mandela were not 'merely’ imprisoned, they were also banned, as was the African National Congress. Under the law, it was illegal to quote a banned person or organisation. This meant if there was to be an anti-apartheid rally in the city – and we reported it – it could be construed as promoting the aims of a banned organisation. As chief sub-editor, I had to navigate this minefield. In addition, most English-language newspapers were anti-apartheid and had a resident police spy on staff (one of our senior journalists); on a number of occasions I would receive a call from the Magistrate’s Office after the newspaper had gone to print at midnight, putting an injunction on a story. We would have to call back the trucks and dump the 100,000 copies of the newspaper and reprint. The challenge was to inform readers as what was happening and to speak out against apartheid – without breaking the law.
South Africa had its own Watergate equivalent. The apartheid government understood that English speakers generally were anti-apartheid, so it siphoned 64 million rands from the Defence budget and set up the Information Department. The aim was to purchase media outlets overseas which would be pro-apartheid, and it set up an English-language newspaper in South Africa, to be pro-apartheid. It was called The Citizen – and I was offered a job as deputy editor at double my salary, plus an Audi. (I declined the offer, for the record). Two journalists uncovered the scandal, and brought down the Prime Minister.
Dissertationen zum Thema "Anti-nuclear activists – South Africa"
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Tebello, Letsekha. „Ruth First in Mozambique: portrait of a scholar“. Thesis, Rhodes University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003108.
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Ruth First was an activist, journalist and sociologist trained by experience and credentialed by her numerous publications. Having lived most of her adult life as an intellectual and activist, First died in August 1982 at the hands of a regime and its supporters who intensely detested all these pursuits. This research project sketches the intellectual contributions made by the South African sociologist during her time at the Centre of African Studies at Eduardo Mondlane University, Mozambique. Her life like the newspaper she edited in the early 1970s was a Fighting Talk and this research project is about celebrating that life and valorising some of the life’s work that she left behind. Making use of qualitative research methods such as archiving, semi-structured interviews and contents analysis, this thesis sought to document Ruth First’s intellectual interventions while at the Centre of African Studies. Engaging with her work while she was in Mozambique and inserting her intellectual contributions, which like those of many African scholars have given way to debates from the global North, into our curriculum would perhaps be the real refutation of the assassin's bomb. This engagement is also crucial as it extends much further than the striking accolades which take the form of buildings and lectures established in her honour.
2
Mohlakoana, Keneuoe. „Antimicrobial activity of selected Eastern Cape medical plants“. Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1199.
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Bacterial resistance to antibiotics has been a great problem for many years. The degree of resistance and the speed with which resistance develops varies with different organisms and different drugs. Enzymes called β-lactamases are produced by bacteria and are one mechanism in which bacteria develop antimicrobial resistance. Gram-negative bacteria producing enzymes called ESBLs because of their wide substrate range are of a particular concern in nosocomial infections. In many countries people still use traditional medicine derived from plants as an alternative to the Western medicine due to increased cost of Western medicine and microbial resistance of antibiotic treatments. Biologically active compounds isolated from plants species are used in herbal medicine. Because of the high prevalence of the ESBLs and their increasing resistance to the antibiotics, this research study was done to test the antimicrobial activities of selected medicinal plants of the Eastern Cape; G. incanum, D. angustifolia and E. autumnalis which were traditionally used to treat various infections. The in vitro antimicrobial activity of three different extracts (acetone, methanol & distilled water) and the traditional preparations of the three plants were tested against the selected strains of ESBL-producing bacteria, non β-lactamase producers and the different fungal species. The extracts were screened against 26 Gram-positive bacterial strains, 53 Gram-negative bacterial strains and 15 fungal strains. The Gram-positive bacteria included strains from S. aureus, B. cereus and E. faecalis. The Gram-negative bacteria included strains from E. ii coli, E. cloacae, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa and Acinetobacter spp. The fungal strains included 9 strains of Candida albicans and a single strain of each of the following opportunistic fungi, Mucor sp, Geotrichium sp, Penicillium sp, Fusarium sp and Rhizopus sp. The agar dilution assay was used for the antimicrobial screening of the plants extracts and for the determination of the MICs. The Ames test was performed for the determination of probable carcinogenicity of the extracts of G. incanum and D. angustifolia. The distilled water extracts followed by acetone extracts of the plants revealed the highest antimicrobial activity against the different microbial strains. The extracts of G. incanum followed by the extracts of D. angustifolia inhibited the highest number of microbial strains. The extracts of E. autumnalis did not show any antimicrobial activity against all the pathogens in this study. More of the Gram-positive bacteria were inhibited by the plant extracts. The lowest MIC was obtained with Gram-positive bacteria. The bacterial strains of E. faecalis and P. aeruginosa were not inhibited by any of the plants extracts in the agar dilution assay yet Acinetobacter species which are MDR were inhibited by the distilled water and methanol extracts of G. incanum. A single strain of Mucor sp was the only spore forming fungi that was inhibited by the distilled water extracts of G. incanum. None of the plants extracts showed any mutagenic effects on the TA100 S. typhimurium strains incorporated on the Ames test. Apart from revealing of new antimicrobial agents that may be used against resistant organisms, the proper use of antimicrobial agents should be recommended. The study has highlighted a need for further investigations on the properties of the medicinal plants used in this study.
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Goga, Safiyya. „The silencing of race at Rhodes: ritual and anti-politics on a post-apartheid campus“. Thesis, Rhodes University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002988.
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Almost fifteen years after democracy, issues of 'race' still hold daily South African life firmly in its grip. Following calls from foremost South African theorists on 'race', such as Sarah Nuttall, this thesis moves beyond a study of crude 'racism', to the more complex consideration of 'race' as an embedded ideological social formation within the spatial context of Rhodes University. Using analytical concepts such as 'silencing' and 'ritual' the thesis weaves an understanding (1) of how particular powerful representations of institutional history are produced and made dominant, and (2) how seemingly innocuous performances of institutional identity are key to reproducing 'racial' dominance within Rhodes' student life. This ultimately manifests in the production of a deeply 'racialized' commonsensical understanding of the 'most' legitimate and authentic representation and ownership of institutional space. The thesis delves into dominant representations of Rhodes University'S history, considering how these help produce and reproduce 'racial' dominance through, for instance, the production of defining apolitical narratives of 'excellence'. Central to the dominant apolitical institutional history is the production of silences about the past. History, I argue, is less compelling in any revelation of 'what happened' than in illustrating the production of silences used to enable the appropriation of a particular history as the sole relevant history. The 'inheritors of the past', those who are able to lay authoritative and representative claim to it, it is argued, ultimately claim ownership over institutional space. I argue too, that the dominant practices and performances of daily institutional life (re)produce the institutional space as a space of 'racial' dominance. Ritualized performance of the dominant institutional identity produces ownership of institutional space through making some articulations of 'Rhodes identity' more acceptable, legitimate and authentic than others. The dominance of 'drinking culture' in Rhodes student life produces a particular 'racialized' institutional identity as most legitimate. 'Racial' dominance is instituted, consecrated and reproduced through the ritualistic performance of 'drinking culture', which ultimately produces a superior claim of ownership over the institutional space through the reiteration of racial domination that these performances of institutional identity powerfully symbolize.
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Nyambe, Mutenta Nsokolo. „An investigation of the potential anti-diabetic (insulinomimetic) activity of anti-oxidant compounds derived from Sargassum heterophyllum“. Thesis, Rhodes University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1021020.
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In Africa, non-communicable diseases such as diabetes mellitus have been generally neglected. This problem has worsened over the years owing to continuous threats from infectious diseases such as HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria. Despite this, statistics have shown that by 2030, the African region will have the highest proportional increase in diabetes prevalence. Over 80% of all diabetic deaths occur in developing countries probably not only due to poor equity of access to medication but also due to limited efficacy and side effects associated with the commonly available anti-diabetic agents. Therefore, this creates the desperate need for the development of new anti-diabetic agents that are more efficacious and can be sourced from within the continent. With oxidative stress as a suggested mechanism underlying the cause of diabetes mellitus and diabetic complications, the discovery of natural anti-oxidants that prevent free radical mediated damage is important for developing new treatment strategies. Marine algae have been identified as good sources for natural anti-oxidants. Unfortunately, very few studies have embarked on the discovery of marine-derived anti-oxidant compounds with potential anti-diabetic activity. In this project, we investigated the potential anti-oxidant activity of the South African endemic algae Stypopodium multipartitum, Dictyopterus ligulata, Cystophora fibriosa, Bifurcariopsis capensis, Sargassum sp. and Sargassum heterophyllum. From these studies, Sargassum heterophyllum yielded prenylated compounds, the main compound being sargahydroquinoic acid (3.6) and the carotenoid metabolite fucoxanthin (3.8), which are in part responsible for the radical scavenging activity of the crude extract. Sargahydroquinoic acid (3.6) and fucoxanthin (3.8) also exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity. Sargaquinoic acid (3.1), sargachromenoic acid (3.9) and sarganaphthoquinoic acid (3.10) were then semi-synthesized from sargahydroquinoic acid (3.6) and their in-vitro cytotoxicity profiles evaluated using Chang Liver, HT-29, Caco-2 and 3T3-L1 cell lines prior to antidiabetic testing. From the semi-synthetic derivatives, sargachromenoic acid (3.9) exhibited the most potent anti-oxidant activity (IC₅₀ = 6.99 μg/mL). After the evaluation of antidiabetic activity using 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation, sarganaphthoquinoic acid (3.10) showed the most potent insulinomimetic activity at 1.19 μM by inducing a PPARγ response similar to that of rosiglitazone at 1 μM.
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Magoshi, Innocentia Botlhale. „Effect of in vitro simulated gastro-duodenal digestion on the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of South Africa Fynbos honey“. Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/61661.
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Honey has been shown to have bioactivity. Fynbos (FB) honey was investigated for its bioactivity as this vegetation type is from a unique bio diverse region in the Cape Floristic Kingdom.
Six FB and one medical grade Manuka (MAN) UMF 15+ honeys that were of quality grade (Codex Alimentarius) were used. Each honey sample was subjected to in vitro simulated gastro-duodenal digestion and the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of each fraction was determined. These fractions were undigested/raw honey (UD), gastric digest (GD) and gastro-duodenal digest (GDD). Included were pH and digestive enzyme controls. The total polyphenol and the flavonoid content (TPC and TFC) were determined with the Folin-Ciocalteu (F-C) and aluminium chloride methods respectively. Antioxidant activity was measured with the trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assays. Cellular antioxidant activity (CAA) in the Caco-2 and SC-1 cell lines using the dichloroflourescein diacetate (DCFH DA) assay was investigated. Nitric oxide (NO) scavenging activity was determined with the sodium nitroprusside (SNP) assay. Pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects of honey were evaluated in non-stimulated and stimulated with LPS/IFN γ murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells, respectively. Cell viability using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was done.
TPC and TFC of MAN were higher than that of FB honeys. With GD, TPC and TFC of MAN increased and following GDD, TPC decreased and TFC remained unchanged. In contrast TPC and TFC of FB honey were maintained with GD and GDD.
TEAC assay revealed activity by MAN being higher than that of FB honeys. With GD digestion, the antioxidant activity of MAN was unchanged but following GDD, activity was reduced. For FB honeys, TEAC was maintained with GD and GDD. ORAC assay revealed that the activity of MAN was similar to that of FB. Digestion had no effect on activity of both MAN and FB honeys.
CAA in the Caco-2 and SC-1 cell line was higher for MAN compared to FB honey. In both cell lines a similar trend was observed where with GD, CAA was unchanged while with GDD, CAA was reduced. This loss of CAA following GDD was found to be due to H2O2 formation as a result of polyphenol degradation in an alkaline environment containing sodium bicarbonate and pancreatin.
NO scavenging activity of MAN was greater than FB. For both types of honey with GD, NO scavenging activity was unchanged and with GDD for MAN was reduced and for FB unchanged. Digestion showed an increased pro-inflammatory effect for MAN, FB1, FB2 and FB3. The UD fractions of MAN, FB1 and FB6 had anti-inflammatory effects. FB5 and FB6 honeys showed increased anti-inflammatory activity after GD and GDD. All honey fractions did not show any cytotoxicity.
In conclusion, FB honey has antioxidant, pro- and anti-inflammatory properties. With digestion, GD activity was either increased or unchanged while with GDD activity was reduced, lost or unchanged. Observed effects were either due to pH and/or digestive enzyme activity. FB honey with its shown bioactivity could be an important local nutraceutical product.Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
Anatomy
MSc
Unrestricted
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Kuhn, Kalliste. „From rape victim to anti-rape activist : exploring the personal journeys of three South African survivors“. Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/65566.
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South Africa is plagued by exceptionally high levels of inter-personal violence, namely rape. Whilst rape remains so pervasive, it is important to underpin potential mechanism of recovery for those left in its wake. In an effort to understand the mechanisms of recovery from rape through resilience and meaning-making, this study entitled “From rape victim to anti-rape activist: Exploring the personal journeys of three South Africa Survivors” explores lived experiences. The study employed an interpretivist epistemological lens, whilst enacting hermeneutic phenomenology’s guiding principles for the research pathway. Participants were recruited through contact with a Gender-Based-Violence non-profit organisation, where a qualitative methodological design was employed. Data was gathered via semi-structured interviews within the hermeneutic tradition. Data was analysed using the principles of hermeneutic analysis, which gave rise to fusion of horizons providing a snapshot of six individual themes per participant, and four global themes. The experience of moving from victim to activist whilst experiencing recovery was negatively mediated by the impact of patriarchal culture, victim-blaming and gendered norms but was facilitated positively by reconstructing meaning through the telling of their own stories and the witnessing of other’s stories. The co-constructed understanding between researcher and participants gave rise to the importance of: recognising the undiscovered opportunities the trauma brings; undertaking altruistic activities; the manufacture of power through mastery in multiple life domains; as well as acknowledging the purpose in one’s life, in this instance motherhood – as a mechanism of redefining the relationship with the rape.Mini Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
Psychology
MA
Unrestricted
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Mendes, Rosália. „The everyday life and the missing: Silences, heroic narratives and exhumations“. University of Western Cape, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7559.
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Magister Artium - MAThis mini-thesis draws on the biographical materials of activists; Zubeida Jaffer, Nokuthula Simelane and Siphiwo Mthimkulu in order to investigate their representation as South African Anti-Apartheid activists. Within Post-Apartheid South Africa there seems to be a strong tendency to focus on the spectacular violence that occurred between the National Party government and Apartheid activists. This almost singular focus has led to an overwhelming promotion of the heroic narrative and as a result the structural violence of daily life under apartheid has been side-lined
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Bamuamba, Kapinga Benoit. „Pharmacognostic study of 5 medicinal plant species from Western Cape Province (South Africa) for anti-tubercular activity“. Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4241.
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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 126-140).In our search for new anti-tuberculosis lead molecules, five medicinal plant species, Olea capensis (L.l, Tulbaghia alliacea (L.), Inula graveolens (L.), Leyssera gnaphaloides (L.), and Buddleja saligna (L.) were collected in Cape Town and surrounding area and investigated for antimycobacterial activity following report of their therapeutic use in traditional medicine to treat infectious diseases such as tuberculosis. A bioassay guided fractionation of the acetone/water (4:1) crude extracts of O. capensis (leaves) and T. alliacea (rhizomes) showed no activity against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 252923, and Mycobacterium aurum A+. In contrast, the orgamc fractions (hexane, dichloromethane) of the acetone/water (4: 1) crude extracts of 1. graveolens, L. gnaphaloides, and B. saligna exhibited significant activity against M. tuberculosis H37Rv, M. avium 25291, M. microti ATCC 19422, and M. scrofulaceum ATCC 19987. The isolation and structure determination of the bioactive led to the identification of pentacyclic triterpenoids, ursolic acid (UA) and oleanolic acid as major antitubercular constituents of B. saligna, L. gnaphaloides, and 1. graveolens. The in vitro cytotoxicity assays of the isolated bioactive constituents showed no cytotoxicity against Chinese Hamster Ovarian (CHO) cells line. Subsequently, given the pharmaceutical value of the above finding, a survey on structure activity of pentacyclic triterpenoids was conducted. It was was found, for instance that selective substitutions at C-3 and/or C-28 and the double bond at UA, OA and betulinic and (1) BA) were made in order to improve anti-tumour and anti-HIV activity. However, thought a great number of modified bioactive pentacyclic triterpenoids is reported, none was tested against Mtb. Therefore, this study also explored a new synthetic route (scheme 1) toward a generation of (5), which may allow improving antitubercular, anti-HIV or anti-tumour activity, and/or specificity.
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Pugh-Jones, Alana Frances. „Justice and identity : the 'non-Jewish Jew', cosmopolitanism and anti-apartheid activism in twentieth century South Africa“. Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/3718.
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Barreto, Michael. „Antimicrobial activity of macroalgae from Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa, and the isolation of a bioactive compound from Osmundaria serrata (Rhodophyta)“. Pretoria : [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-09052005-095635/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBücher zum Thema "Anti-nuclear activists – South Africa"
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Strike a woman, strike a rock: Fighting for freedom in South Africa. Trenton, N.J: Africa World Press, 2003.
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Ad & Wal: Values, duty, sacrifice in apartheid South Africa. London: Biteback Publishing, 2014.
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Nelson Mandela: Ending apartheid in South Africa. New York: Chelsea House, 2007.
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Tabata, I. B. The dynamic of revolution in South Africa: Speeches and writings of I. B. Tabata. London: Resistance Books, 2013.
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The foundations of anti-apartheid: Liberal humanitarians and transnational activists in Britain and the United States, c.1919-64. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire [England]: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011.
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Cardo, Michael. Opening men's eyes: Peter Brown and the liberal struggle for South Africa / Michael Cardo. Cape Town: Jonathan Ball, 2010.
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ill, Palmer Charly, Hrsg. Mama Africa!: How Miriam Makeba spread hope with her song. New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 2017.
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War in Worcester: Youth and the apartheid state. New York: Fordham University Press, 2012.
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Askari: A story of collaboration and betrayal in the anti-apartheid struggle. Auckland Park, South Africa: Jacana, 2014.
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Erika Sutter: Seen with other eyes : memories of a Swiss eye doctor in rural South Africa. Basel: Basler Afrika Bibliographien, 2013.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenBuchteile zum Thema "Anti-nuclear activists – South Africa"
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Wolstencroft, R. D., und R. D. Davies. „Dust, Stars and Nuclear Activity in the Centres of SBC Galaxies“. In New Extragalactic Perspectives in the New South Africa, 573–75. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0335-7_87.
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Ingram, Brannon D. „A Tradition Contested“. In Revival from Below, 179–206. University of California Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520297999.003.0008.
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The seventh chapter situates the Deobandi brand in the context of an emergent Muslim anti-apartheid politics and how public debate about Deobandi critiques of Sufi devotions became inseparable from public debate about the very authority of the Deobandi `ulama. The chapter begins with an overview of Islamic activism and anti-`ulama sentiment in South Africa in the 1970s and 1980s. With a flashback to 1920s India, it shows how Thanvi articulated his opposition to Muslim participation in anticolonial politics, and South African Deobandi scholar Ahmed Sadiq Desai, in turn, deployed Thanvi’s critiques to criticize Muslim participation in the anti-apartheid movement. As Deobandi scholars criticized Muslim activists for mobilizing against apartheid alongside activists of other faiths and justified that position through Sufi vocabularies, a growing number of Muslims lambasted Deobandis for their alleged collaborationist stance toward the apartheid regime and articulated their politics through devotional practices like the mawlud. Many of these local activists, moreover, defended their activism precisely through transnational politics that Deobandis mostly abhorred, drawing variously on the Shi`i Islamist vocabularies of revolutionary Iran and the nascent transnational discourse of progressive Islam.
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Royles, Dan. „Stop Medical Apartheid from South Africa to Philadelphia“. In To Make the Wounded Whole, 165–94. University of North Carolina Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469661339.003.0007.
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This chapter describes the work of Philadelphia chapter of the AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power (ACT UP) as it became increasingly involved in the fight against global AIDS, starting in the mid 1990s. Around this time, both white and African American grassroots activists at ACT UP Philadelphia redirected the group’s protest politics to address the structural inequalities driving AIDS rates in poor communities of color, both at home and abroad. ACT UP Philadelphia members situated their local work in the larger international movement against globalization and free trade. In Philadelphia, they focused on issues of concern to poor people of color with HIV/AIDS, including Medicaid privatization, needle exchange, and access to highly effective but expensive HIV drugs. The campaigns they waged at the local level fed into work on a much broader scale, as members joined forces with anti-globalization groups to protest American free trade policies in Africa. Today, the group claims at least a partial victory in the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief, a massive funding package to support HIV prevention and AIDS treatment in sub-Saharan Africa and other countries in the developing world that have been hit particularly hard by the epidemic.
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Grant, Nicholas. „Conclusion“. In Winning Our Freedoms Together. University of North Carolina Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469635286.003.0010.
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This concluding chapter argues that African Americans were part of a broad and multifaceted effort to isolate South Africa in the global political arena. By repeatedly attempting to offer direct support to African liberation movements and calling for America to renounce its political and economic ties with the National Party, their actions made life difficult for white politicians in ways that that would continue to inform the global anti-apartheid movement beyond the Sharpeville massacre of 1960. This argument is not meant to downplay the disruptive influence that anticommunism had on black protest. Rather, it is designed to shift the focus onto the ways in which black activists, with different political visions, responded to state power. Finally, given the broad response of African Americans to the anti-apartheid movement, this concluding chapter suggests that we might need to move towards a more expansive definition of black internationalism – one that accounts for the anticolonial political agenda and transnational solidarities forges by both African American leftists and liberals.
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West, Traci C. „Introduction“. In Solidarity and Defiant Spirituality, 1–32. NYU Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479849031.003.0001.
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This chapter presents the interdisciplinary framework of the book and its core argument linking issues of racism and religion--particularly heteropatriarchal Christianity--in the cultural support for gender violence. It argues that the conjoined presence of religion, anti-black racism, and sexual violence against women in American history of slavery and colonialism compels a similarly transnational exploration of inspiration from Africana activists and scholars to address U.S. gender violence. A methodological overview describes the book’s theoretical foundations in feminist and womanist studies, and how tools of ethnography, anthropology, and Christian theo-ethics inform the its unconventional narrative approach. The U.S.-based analysis features snapshots of the author’s encounters with leaders and their contexts, not a broad survey or comparison of gender violence in Ghana, South Africa, and Brazil.
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Lewin, Tessa. „Queer Visual Activism in South Africa“. In The Aesthetics of Global Protest. Nieuwe Prinsengracht 89 1018 VR Amsterdam Nederland: Amsterdam University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463724913_ch01.
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While the form of visual activism currently being developed in the United States and Western Europe is more commonly linked to street protests or activist campaigning and is often explicitly anti-capitalist, in South Africa visual activism has a different epistemological history and contemporary form. In the South African context, much visual activism is closely linked to the fine art market and its associated institutions. This is exemplified by the queer black South African photographer Zanele Muholi. Going beyond the body of work available on Muholi, however, this chapter uses the works of other South African artists, namely FAKA and Robert Hamblin, a fine art photographer, to explore visual activism and the way in which it complicates/broadens conventional conceptions of activism.
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Kalichman, Seth C. „“HIV Does Not Cause AIDS”: A Journey into AIDS Denialism“. In Pseudoscience. The MIT Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262037426.003.0019.
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HIV is a virus that causes AIDS. This fact is well established. And yet a vocal group of fringe scientists, freelance journalists, and Internet bloggers persistently deny the existence of HIV. AIDS deniers share the same strategies and tactics seen in other denialist groups, including climate change deniers, Holocaust deniers, and anti-vaccine activists. Refuting the basic science of HIV has caused the early death of people infected with the virus who have ignored their diagnosis and refused life-saving treatments. In South Africa, AIDS denialism resulted in hundreds of thousands of senseless deaths. Most recently, AIDS denialism has infiltrated the criminal justice systems in the US, Canada, and Australia. AIDS denialism is best addressed by correcting medical misinformation, improving science literacy and calling out the pseudoscientific backgrounds and fraudulent claims of AIDS denialists.
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West, Traci C. „How Much Time Is Needed?“ In Solidarity and Defiant Spirituality, 161–92. NYU Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479849031.003.0006.
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Focusing on West’s meetings with South African activist leaders, this chapter explores the timing of truth-telling public intervention and intercultural and interreligious collaboration in order to build antiviolence solidarity. The South African context is introduced by highlighting connections between gender justice and antiracist organizing in their anti-apartheid struggle and their post-apartheid constitutional clauses on gender and sexual orientation equality. Discussions with Muslim and Christian leaders feature communal responses to sexual assault. In Pietermaritzburg, South African public discourse on racism, religion, and sexual assault such as Jacob Zuma’s trial for rape invite relevant comparisons to public debates about United States leaders such as Donald Trump. In Cape Town, discussions of South African Black and Coloured intracommunal racial politics and antiviolence collaboration instigate reflections on collaboration among U.S. activists of color.
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Joseph-Gabriel, Annette K. „Eslanda Robeson“. In Reimagining Liberation, 169–86. University of Illinois Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252042935.003.0008.
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Eslanda Robeson’s transnational anti-imperialist activism brought her into contact with most of the women examined in this study. This chapter therefore takes a broader geographic view of black women’s decolonial politics by analyzing Robeson’s travel journals chronicling her journeys through Southern Africa in 1936 and French Equatorial Africa in 1946. Her Global South project displaces subjection to imperial rule as the imagined connection among the people of Africa, Asia and the Americas. She envisions the Global South as defined by concerted acts of resistance against imperialism, and highlights women’s roles in leading or carrying out these acts of resistance.
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Beinart, William, und Lotte Hughes. „Reassertion of Indigenous Environmental Rights and Knowledge“. In Environment and Empire. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199260317.003.0024.
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Indigenous peoples have always asserted their territorial, resource and other rights when threatened by encroachment, not least in the settlement colonies covered in this chapter—Canada, New Zealand, and Australia, where they were most dramatically displaced. But in the second half of the twentieth century, the aboriginal inhabitants of these countries reasserted themselves with considerable force and success, using methods very different from those of the earlier actions—including judicial channels unwittingly provided by the colonizers. In the process, displaced and dislocated communities have attempted to repossess ‘stolen’ space—physically, intellectually, and judicially. Reassertion in the United States and these three Commonwealth countries has had global ideological ripples, which is partly why we have chosen to examine them. They also share British-based legal systems and political traditions that indigenous groups have used to good effect. We are focusing here on indigenous communities in the narrower sense, in countries where whites remained the demographic majority. Their challenge was to predominantly anglophone societies, the descendants of British settlers and immigrants who arrived mostly over the last two hundred years. The discussion is limited largely to the environmental aspects of reassertion rather than legal and other ramifications; we will mention important court cases, but not cover all landmark events on the timeline of indigenous struggle. The exploration of patterns of resistance in Chapter 16 covered South Asia and Africa where colonized people remained in the demographic majority and regained political power. Though the reassertions discussed here have strategies and aims in common, they are qualitatively different. They were not so much an attempt, by force if necessary, to repel incomers and the controls they impose (it is far too late for that), or to win overall power in an anti-colonial struggle, as a highly articulate call from the heart for justice, land, and a form of self-determination. Moreover, new movements are increasingly ideological and transnational, involving organized networks that use globalized discourses of discontent. The media, internet, NGOs, and UN fora are their tools of choice, which enable activists to influence the behaviour of states and corporations. Reassertion is the opposite of retreat, one aboriginal response to conquest, and suggests that this modern phenomenon is partly about renewed confidence.
Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Anti-nuclear activists – South Africa"
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Bleloch, Jenna, Reyna Ballim, Angelique Blanckenberg, Selwyn Mapolie, Serah Kimani und Sharon Prince. „Abstract B38: A novel palladacycle complex with anti-cancer activity against breast cancer and melanomas also exhibits potent cytotoxicity in a range of sarcomas“. In Abstracts: AACR International Conference: New Frontiers in Cancer Research; January 18-22, 2017; Cape Town, South Africa. American Association for Cancer Research, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.newfront17-b38.
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Heard, R. G. „The Ultimate Solution: Disposal of Disused Sealed Radioactive Sources (DSRS)“. In ASME 2010 13th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2010-40029.
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The borehole disposal concept (BDC) was first presented to ICEM by Potier, J-M in 2005 [1]. This paper repeats the basics introduced by Potier and relates further developments. It also documents the history of the development of the BDC. For countries with no access to existing or planned geological disposal facilities for radioactive wastes, the only options for managing high activity or long-lived disused radioactive sources are to store them indefinitely, return them to the supplier or find an alternative method of disposal. Disused sealed radioactive sources (DSRS) pose an unacceptable radiological and security risk if not properly managed. Out of control sources have already led to many high-profile incidents or accidents. One needs only to remember the recent accident in India that occurred earlier this year. Countries without solutions in place need to consider the future management of DSRSs urgently. An on-going problem in developing countries is what to do with sources that cannot be returned to the suppliers, sources for which there is no further use, sources that have not been maintained in a working condition and sources that are no longer suitable for their intended purpose. Disposal in boreholes is intended to be simple and effective, meeting the same high standards of long-term radiological safety as any other type of radioactive waste disposal. It is believed that the BDC can be readily deployed with simple, cost-effective technologies. These are appropriate both to the relatively small amounts and activities of the wastes and the resources that can realistically be found in developing countries. The South African Nuclear Energy Corporation Ltd (Necsa) has carried out project development and demonstration activities since 1996. The project looked into the technical feasibility, safety and economic viability of BDC under the social, economic, environmental and infrastructural conditions currently prevalent in Africa. Implementation is near at hand with work being done in Ghana with support from the IAEA. Here the site selection is complete and studies are being carried out to test the site parameters for inclusion into the safety assessment.
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Heard, R. G. „International Initiatives Addressing the Safety and Security of Disused Sealed Radioactive Sources (DSRS)“. In ASME 2010 13th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2010-40028.
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High activity radioactive sources provide great benefit to humanity through their utilization in agriculture, industry, medicine, research and education, and the vast majority are used in well-controlled environments. None-the-less, control has been lost over a small fraction of those sources resulting in accidents of which some had serious — even fatal — consequences. Indeed, accidents and incidents involving radioactive sources indicate that the existing regime for the control of sources needs improvement. Additionally, today’s global security environment requires more determined efforts to properly control radioactive sources. Consequently, the current regimes must be strengthened in order to ensure control over sources that are outside of regulatory control (orphan sources), as well as for sources that are vulnerable to loss, misuse, theft, or malicious use. Besides improving the existing situation, appropriate norms and standards at the national and international levels must continue to be developed to ensure the long-term sustainability of control over radioactive sources. In order to improve the existing situation, concerted national and international efforts are needed and, to some degree, are being implemented to strengthen the safety and security of sources in use, as well as to improve the control of disused sources located at numerous facilities throughout the world. More efforts must also be made to identify, recover, and bring into control orphan sources. The IAEA works closely with Member States to improve the safety and security of radioactive sources worldwide. Besides the IAEA Technical Assistance Programme and Technical Cooperation Fund, donor States provide significant financial contributions to the Nuclear Security Fund and/or direct technical support to other States to recover condition and transfer disused sources into safe and secure storage facilities and to upgrade the physical protection of sources that are in use. Under the USA-Russian Federation-IAEA (“Tripartite”) Initiative, for example, disused sources of a total activity of 2120 TBq (57251 Ci) were recovered and transported into safe and secure storage facilities in six countries of the former Soviet Union. Additionally, physical protection upgrades were performed in thirteen former Soviet Union republics at facilities using or storing high activity radioactive sources. Other donors have also provided funding for projects related to the safety and security of radioactive sources in the same region. Additionally, the EU and other countries are making regular and significant contributions to the IAEA for projects aimed at upgrading the safety and security of radioactive sources in South-Eastern Europe, the Middle East, Asia and Africa. Depending on the status of the radioactive source (in use, disused, or orphan) and the actual technical, safety and security situation, several options exist to ensure the source is properly brought or maintained under control. This paper will describe those options and the systematic approach followed by the IAEA in deciding on the most appropriate actions to take for the high activity sources that need to be recovered or removed from the countries under that request assistance.