Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Animals – Great Britain“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Animals – Great Britain"
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Draper, Chris, Chris Lewis, Stephanie Jayson und Frankie Osuch. „Private Keeping of Dangerous Wild Animals in Great Britain“. Animals 14, Nr. 10 (07.05.2024): 1393. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani14101393.
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We analysed the licences issued by British local government authorities under the Dangerous Wild Animals Act 1976, which regulates the private keeping of wild animals categorised as “dangerous”, to assess the scope and scale of private keeping of dangerous wild animals in Great Britain. Results are compared with historical data from England and Wales, showing that there has been an overall decrease both in the total population of dangerous wild animals privately kept under licence and the number of licences, resulting primarily from a decrease in the farming of wild boar and ostrich, and from certain other species no longer requiring a licence to be kept. Nonetheless, the private keeping of dangerous wild animals remains prevalent, with a total population of 3950 animals kept under licence, and at least one-third of local authorities in Britain licensing keepers of one or more such animals. The population of non-farmed dangerous taxa has increased by 59% in 20 years, with notable increases in crocodilians (198%), venomous snakes (94%), and wild cats (57%). We present evidence that the average cost of a licence to keep dangerous wild animals has fallen over time, and that there is a negative association between cost and licensing. The current schedule of species categorised as dangerous is compared to a formally recognised list of species kept in zoos assessed by risk to the public. Problems with the legislation, enforcement of the licensing system, and animal welfare for privately kept dangerous wild animals are identified and discussed.
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Hudson-Shore, Michelle. „Statistics of Scientific Procedures on Living Animals Great Britain 2015 — Highlighting an Ongoing Upward Trend in Animal Use and Missed Opportunities for Reduction“. Alternatives to Laboratory Animals 44, Nr. 6 (Dezember 2016): 569–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026119291604400606.
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The Annual Statistics of Scientific Procedures on Living Animals Great Britain 2015 indicate that the Home Office were correct in recommending that caution should be exercised when interpreting the 2014 data as an apparent decline in animal experiments. The 2015 report shows that, as the changes to the format of the annual statistics have become more familiar and less problematic, there has been a re-emergence of the upward trend in animal research and testing in Great Britain. The 2015 statistics report an increase in animal procedures (up to 4,142,631) and in the number of animals used (up to 4,069,349). This represents 1% more than the totals in 2013, and a 7% increase on the procedures reported in 2014. This paper details an analysis of these most recent statistics, providing information on overall animal use and highlighting specific issues associated with genetically-altered animals, dogs and primates. It also reflects on areas of the new format that have previously been highlighted as being problematic, and concludes with a discussion about the use of animals in regulatory research and testing, and how there are significant missed opportunities for replacing some of the animal-based tests in this area.
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Carter, E. „Statistics of Scientific Procedures on living animals, Great Britain 2011“. Animal Welfare 21, Nr. 4 (November 2012): 602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0962728600004280.
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Kasprzycki, Remigiusz. „Western Europe as a Model for Polish Defenders of Animal Welfare prior to 1939“. Kwartalnik Historyczny 129, Nr. 6 (16.03.2023): 65–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/kh.2022.129.si.1.03.
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This article looks at how Western Europe served as a model for Polish animal advocates before 1939. France and Great Britain inspired the greatest respect among Polish animal defenders. Polish animal lovers, fascinated by the French and English treatment of animals, discovered the effectiveness of grassroots initiatives, rather than legal resolutions and acts, for the welfare of animals. This article attempts to explain why the endeavour to copy the treatment of animals by wealthy Germans, French, and above all English and introduce it to economically poor Poland proved to be utopian.
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Crump, R. E., J. G. E. Bryan, D. Nicholson, R. Thompson und G. Simm. „Genetic evaluation of pedigree beef cattle in Great Britain“. Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1993 (März 1993): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600224033.
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In order that genetic progress in British beef breeds could be improved, performance traits have been recorded by the Meat and Livestock Commission for many years. A large number of pedigree beef herds have recorded with the Meat and Livestock Commission during this period. Until recently, these records were only made use of via within herd contemporary comparisons such that the results for animals could not be compared across herds or time.Through the use of Individual Animal Model Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (BLUP), differences between herds and contemporary groups within herds can be accounted for provided there are genetic links between herds and contemporary groups. As a result of the small pedigree herd size in Great Britain, typically less than 20, sires are often chosen from outside the herd in order to reduce inbreeding. This practise has resulted in there being a relatively high level of connectedness between contemporary groups and this enables the BLUP procedure to disentangle management and genetic effects.
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Apaa, Ternenge Thaddaeus, Harriet McFadzean, Sara Gandy, Kayleigh Hansford, Jolyon Medlock und Nicholas Johnson. „Anaplasma phagocytophilum Ecotype Analysis in Cattle from Great Britain“. Pathogens 12, Nr. 8 (10.08.2023): 1029. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12081029.
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Anaplasma phagocytophilum (A. phagocytophilum) is the aetiological agent of tick-borne fever in cattle and sheep, and granulocytic anaplasmosis in human and dogs. Livestock, companion animal and human infections with A. phagocytophilum have been reported globally. Across England and Wales, two isolates (called ecotypes) have been reported in ticks. This study examined A. phagocytophilum isolates present in livestock and wildlife in Great Britain (GB), with a particular focus on cattle. Clinical submissions (EDTA blood) from cattle (n = 21) and sheep (n = 3) were received by APHA for tick-borne disease testing and the animals were confirmed to be infected with A. phagocytophilum using a PCR targeting the Msp2 gene. Further submissions from roe deer (n = 2), red deer (n = 2) and Ixodes ricinus ticks (n = 22) were also shown to be infected with A. phagocytophilum. Subsequent analysis using a nested PCR targeting the groEL gene and sequencing confirmed the presence of ecotype I in cattle, sheep, red deer and Ixodes ricinus, and ecotype II in roe deer and I. ricinus removed from deer carcasses. Despite the presence of two ecotypes, widely distributed in ticks from England and Wales, only ecotype I was detected in cattle in this study.
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Bennett, R. M., K. Christiansen und R. S. Clifton-Hadley. „Direct costs of endemic dXiseases of farm animals in Great Britain“. Veterinary Record 145, Nr. 13 (25.09.1999): 376–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.145.13.376.
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Cassar, C., M. Ottaway, M. J. Woodward, G. A. Paiba, S. Newbold und R. Futter. „Absence of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli in farmed animals in Great Britain“. Veterinary Record 154, Nr. 8 (21.02.2004): 237–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.154.8.237.
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Alexander, T. L. „Seasonal management of farmed red deer in Great Britain“. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 30, Nr. 1-2 (April 1991): 192–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-1591(91)90122-e.
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TULLOCH, J. S. P., L. MCGINLEY, F. SÁNCHEZ-VIZCAÍNO, J. M. MEDLOCK und A. D. RADFORD. „The passive surveillance of ticks using companion animal electronic health records“. Epidemiology and Infection 145, Nr. 10 (02.05.2017): 2020–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268817000826.
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SUMMARYTicks represent a large global reservoir of zoonotic disease. Current surveillance systems can be time and labour intensive. We propose that the passive surveillance of companion animal electronic health records (EHRs) could provide a novel methodology for describing temporal and spatial tick activity. A total of 16 58 857 EHRs were collected over a 2-year period (31 March 2014 and 29 May 2016) from companion animals attending a large sentinel network of 192 veterinary clinics across Great Britain (the Small Animal Veterinary Surveillance Network – SAVSNET). In total, 2180 EHRs were identified where a tick was recorded on an animal. The relative risk of dogs presenting with a tick compared with cats was 0·73 (95% confidence intervals 0·67–0·80). The highest number of tick records were in the south central regions of England. The presence of ticks showed marked seasonality with summer peaks, and a secondary smaller peak in autumn for cats; ticks were still being found throughout most of Great Britain during the winter. This suggests that passive surveillance of companion animal EHRs can describe tick activity temporally and spatially in a large cohort of veterinary clinics across Great Britain. These results and methodology could help inform veterinary and public health messages as well as increase awareness of ticks and tick-borne diseases in the general population.
Dissertationen zum Thema "Animals – Great Britain"
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Duxbury, Catherine Louise. „Animals, science and gender : animal experimentation in Britain, 1947-1965“. Thesis, University of Essex, 2017. http://repository.essex.ac.uk/19887/.
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This thesis is an historical analysis of the culture of science and its use of animals in experiments by the British military and in medical scientific research, and its regulation by law, during the period 1947 to 1965. The overall aim of this thesis is to demonstrate the gendered nature of scientific experimentation on animals in mid-twentieth century Britain. To do this, it addresses two aspects of animal experimentation; firstly, exploring how scientific research forms power-knowledge relations through the use of nonhuman animals. Secondly, this thesis analyses the intersection of animal use in science with that of the broader socio-cultural context, asking was science in mid-twentieth century Britain gendered? As a consequence, it explores the effects of this knowledge production upon animals and women. My findings are twofold: that the construction of scientific knowledge through the use of nonhuman animals was one that created subject-object binaries, and this had powerful and detrimental consequences for nonhuman animals. Secondly, this objectification of the nonhuman had resultant power-knowledge effects that reinforced the continuation of specific kinds of scientific knowledge and its associated masculinist ontology of positivism. Consequently, the effects of these power-knowledge relations were gendered and had implications for (and intersections with) normative representations of women at the time.
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Riches, Helen Louise. „Pig transport in Great Britain : does the current legislation meet the welfare requirements of the pig?“ Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.314087.
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Halverson, Kristin. „Physiological Cruelty? : Discussing and Developing Vivisection in Great Britain, 1875-1901“. Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för historia och samtidsstudier, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-30336.
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This thesis examines the development of vivisection as a method of physiological research between 1875 and 1901 in Great Britain, by examining some of the arguments, discussions, and ideas put forth by physiologists for the utilisation of vivisection in their research. Because this study operates within the context of medical history, questions of legitimacy, scientific development, and professional image are lifted. The development of vivisection during this period took place with a larger shift in scientific practice playing out in the background, where experimentalism began overtaking the previously more analytical approach to medicine and the sciences. The First Royal Commission on Vivisection in 1875 marks the beginning of this study, and the discussions within allow for a more nuanced picture of the professional debates on the practice, where both proponents and sceptics at times found common ground. Technological and societal aspects were central to much of the argumentation for the further development of vivisection, with technology easing the practical aspects of the method, and the concept of the "gentleman" allowing British "vivisectors" to argue against charges of cruelty, pointing rather to continental schools of physiology as the culprits, whilst lifting the "humanity" behind animal experimentation in Great Britain. In conjunction with pointing out the importance of the method for the development of medical science, the Cruelty to Animals Act and the lobbying on behalf of the professional journals British Medical Journal and The Lancet helped legitimise the practice in Great Britain. The Act allowed vivisection under set circumstances, and the two journals served as megaphones for scientific development on behalf of vivisection, at times even openly criticising sceptical opinions. At the same time, some saw experimental research through vivisection as merely one aspect of medical practice. One which needed to gain foothold in order to help advance medical science for the larger benefit of all humanity.
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Hogg, Lara. „Humans and animals in the Norse North Atlantic“. Thesis, Cardiff University, 2015. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/89412/.
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It is a well-established fact that all human societies have coexisted with and are dependent upon animals and it is increasingly recognized that the study of human-animal relationships provides vital insights into past human societies. Still this is yet to be widely embraced in archaeology. This thesis has examined human-animal interdependencies to explore the social identities and structure of society in the Norse North Atlantic. Benefitting from recent research advances in animal studies and the ever increasing volume of archaeological reports from Norse period archaeological excavations the North Atlantic this thesis was able to develop previous scholarship and define directions for future research. The thesis explored the role of animals in human society in the North Atlantic to reveal the complex Norse societies that existed. It revealed through human interdependencies with animals that these societies were far from homogeneous and had their own distinct identities with the individual islands as well as across the North Atlantic. The thesis achieved this by examining several important discrete but interlinked themes. These themes were divided into four chapters that focused on the individual aspects. This included an examination of previous North Atlantic Viking Age scholarship, consideration of human construction and perception of landscape through archaeological excavations, investigation of the role of domestic animals in human social activities, and an exploration of the role of domesticated animals in beliefs. Although these are all connected the structure of the thesis was deliberately chosen to restrict repetition, although given the interconnected nature of human social identities, society and worldview this was not entirely possible. This thesis addressed some of the most fundamental questions in Norse archaeology. Notably, through examination of human-animal interdependencies, it provided a detailed insight into how Norse society understood and perceived the world, and consequently the structure of Norse society and social identities.
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Courcier, Emily. „Investigating the epidemiology of companion animal overweight/obesity in Great Britain“. Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2013. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/4381/.
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Obesity is recognised as the leading cause of malnutrition in cats and dogs (Legrand-Defretin 1994) and is reported to be one of the most important and frequently seen welfare issues in small animal practice (Yeates and Main 2011). Despite the recognised burden of overweight/obesity on the companion animal population, a review of the published literature identified several gaps. This thesis aimed to address three of the those gaps. Gap A: No published national prevalence estimates for cats, dogs and rabbits in Great Britain were available and no studies had explored whether prevalence varied across Great Britain. Chapter 3 and 4 estimated the national prevalence of overweight/obesity in cats, dogs and rabbits to be 11.5%, 25% and 7.6% respectively. After adjusting for differences in demographics between locations, there was a significantly higher prevalence of canine overweight/obesity in Scotland compared to England and Wales. But no spatial variations were found in the prevalence of feline overweight/obesity within Great Britain. Gap B: There was a lack of consistency in the risk factors found to be associated with overweight/obesity between previous published studies and no assessment of the impact of various risk factors on the prevalence of canine and feline overweight/obesity was apparent in the literature. Non modifiable risk factors identified for dogs in Chapter 3 included being female, neutered status, and age with peak of risk at 5 to 8 years of age. These effects were independent of location. Chapter 4 identified neutered status, being male and middle age (around 7 years) as feline non modifiable risk factors. Neutered status was the only significant risk factor found for rabbit overweight. Chapter 5 and 7 expanded the canine and feline overweight/obesity risk factor analyses to include modifiable risk factors. Risk factors for canine overweight/obesity (Chapter 5) identified were owner income, owner age, frequency of snacks and treats and hours of exercise the dog received each week. For cats (Chapter7), the significant risk factors were frequency of feeding and neutered status. The calculated population attributable risks (Chapter 3 and 4) showed possible differences in the impact of non modifiable risk factors between cats and dogs. For cats, neutered status was the most important factor whereas in dogs age and neutered status were equally important. Gap C: Misperception of body shape has been recognised to play an important role in human obesity management. Previous studies had only described owner misperception of pet body shape as a risk factor for obesity/overweight. The objective of Chapter 6 and, in part, Chapter 7 was to explore the concept of owner misperception of canine and feline body shape. Owners of cats and dogs appeared to “normalise” their animal’s body shape i.e owners of overweight animals were more likely to think their pet was an ideal shape rather than overweight and owners of underweight animals were more likely to think they were an ideal shape rather than underweight. Risk factors identified for misperception in dog owners were gender of owner and age of the dog. Only one risk factor was identified for misperception by cat owners; that is whether the cat was long haired or not. In conclusion, this thesis demonstrates that overweight/obesity in cats, dogs and rabbits is widespread. Despite the limitations of these data, the results show the complexity of risk factors that contribute to overweight/obesity in companion animals and highlight areas for future research.
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Letourneau, Lyne. „Animal protection law in Great Britain : in search of the existing moral orthodoxy“. Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2000. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU602287.
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Omnipresent in Western society, the idea of progress is commonly advanced in relation to the development of animal protection law in Great Britain. Essentially, it is argued that the law now recognises that animals are worthy of moral consideration in their own right, that is, that they count or matter morally. From the concept of "animal as object" to that of "animal as person", indeed, the history of Western philosophical thinking bears witness to a progressive acknowledgement of animals (or, at least, of some animals) as full members of the moral community, along with all human beings. However, as political theorist Robert Garner argues in his book Animals, Politics and Morality, public policy is never simply a product of moral principles. Rather, influenced by pressure groups, it is the result of a process based on negotiation and compromise. That being the case, in the present thesis, I ask whether Great Britain has truly been the scene of moral progress through the development of animal protection law and to what extent one may speak of moral progress at all in relation to this area of law. Is animal protection law in Great Britain moving away from the traditional moral position that animals are exclusively means to human ends, thereby granting moral standing and equal moral status to animals The answer to this question lies with identifying the philosophical conception of the relations between humans and animals which is expressed through the body of animal protection law in this country. For animals' moral status within the law ensues directly from it. In the first chapter, following the great influence the position plays in the contemporary debate over our moral treatment of animals, I use Tom Regan's theory of animal rights to assess whether animal protection law in Great Britain reflects a conception of human-animal relations that is consistent with a recognition that animals possess moral rights. In the second chapter, I defend the view that animal protection law in Great Britain does not reflect utilitarianism - a position that has been popularised in animal ethics by moral philosopher Peter Singer. In the third chapter, building on the distinctive features of animal protection law in Great Britain which have emerged from the analysis in Chapters I and II, I contend that the law reflects "group egoism" - a form of consequentialism which falls between ethical egoism and utilitarianism. To be sure, what comes forth as the dominant position underlying animal protection law in Great Britain is that human beings protect animals only to the extent to which benefit is provided to them in return, or, at the very least, to the extent that so doing does not impinge on their interests in animal use. Does this position represent any kind of moral progress In the context of changing human attitudes towards animals and the development of animal protection law, I argue that it does. However, this moral progress carries no recognition that animals are worthy of moral consideration in their own right, that is, that they count or matter morally. Far from doing away with the traditional position that animals are exclusively means to human ends, animal protection law in Great Britain fits in with this way of thinking and grants to animals an instrumental value only.
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Kramer, Molly Baer. „A more humane society : animal welfare and human nature in England, 1950-1976“. Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.722570.
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Wilson, David Andrew Huddleston. „Encouragements and constraints in the development of experimental animal behaviour studies in Great Britain since the late nineteenth century“. Thesis, University of Leicester, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/31027.
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This thesis sets out to identify and explain the encouragements and constraints (both 'internal' academic, and 'external' institutional, political, legislative and social) bearing upon the progress of British scientific studies of animal behaviour between the late nineteenth century, when Great Britain held a dominant position resulting from the influence of Darwinian theories, and the 1970s, when, internationally, animal behaviour studies reflected a wide range of methods and applications. The analysis of these influences is supported by an accompanying consideration of the nature of the work that resulted. Although a focus is held on British contexts, the early loss of the lead in the subject has required an investigation of contrasting conditions encouraging its ensuing development especially in the United States of America, where the favourable institutional and cultural environment help to explain why its absence in the United Kingdom restricted development there. The later interactions of laboratory animal psychology and ethology, the continuing role of key figures (a significant proportion of whom in the first quarter of this century were women) including their backgrounds, interests and achievements, together with political attitudes to science, organized professional activity, and the policies of individual academic establishments, bring the study through later decades to the point of further influences, such as that concerning the expansion of the universities, international collaboration in the development of new theories, and the strengthened awareness of ethical cost in experiment. Original surveys reveal the pattern of output in terms of named investigators, work bases, subject areas and animals used, from the main specialist British journals between 1938 and 1959; the principal investigators of the 1960s, with an assessment of their work; and all known published work undertaken in Britain in the 1970s, including full details of two specimen years, and of the activities of the decade's more productive workers.
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Sutherland, Alistair James. „The economics of maintaining breed diversity with reference to the United Kingdom dairy herd“. Thesis, University of Stirling, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/26673.
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Gray, Marianne. „'Man is a dining animal' : the archaeology of the English at table, c.1750-1900“. Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2009. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/1366/.
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This study investigates the role of gender and, within that, class in changing English dining styles in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. The period c.1750-1900 has been chosen to cover a major period for dining change, as it is during this time that service à la Russe superseded service à la Française as the dominant formal dining style. This change has been much discussed by food historians and sociologists, but the materiality of change has not hitherto been placed within an archaeologically-informed framework. Equally, while the artefacts of dining are among the most frequently recorded finds in domestic contexts in the historical period, archaeologists have rarely considered them in the context of long-term dining development. Drawing on data from country houses, collections, and published material on middle class and elite settings, this thesis investigates the hypothesis that dining change was driven by women, specifically middle class wives; and that dining-related ephemera must therefore be understood in its relationship with women. It also proposes a narrative of stylistic change using historical archaeological paradigms, introducing the concept of a third, clearly identifiable stage between à la Française and à la Russe. After introducing the data sets and giving a background to dining in the historical period, the first part of the study uses table plans and etiquette, together with depictions of dishes, food moulds and experimental archaeology in the form of historic cookery, to demonstrate the way in which the process of change was driven by middle class women. It argues that à la Russe suited gender and class-specific needs and that, far from being emulative, as has hitherto been assumed, the adaption of à la Russe broke with aristocratic habits. It proposes that a transitional stage in dining style should be recognised, and interprets food design and serving style in the light of this intermediate phase. The setting of dining is explored next, with data on dining décor, plates and physical location interpreted to support the conclusions of the previous section. Following this, the impact of change on food preparation will be used to demonstrate that à la Russe was the result of changes in underlying mentalities which also affected household structure and organisation. The ways women used the materiality of food, including cookbooks, to negotiate status will be demonstrated. A final section will broaden the discussion of gender, class and food. Tea has been chosen as a case study for the further testing of the conclusions drawn from the study of dinner for two reasons: firstly it was, from its introduction, immediately associated with women; and, secondly, tea-related artefacts are among the commonest of archaeological finds, but are rarely understood as engendered and active objects in a domestic context.
Bücher zum Thema "Animals – Great Britain"
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Office, Great Britain Home, Hrsg. Statistics of experiments on living animals: Great Britain. London: HMSO, 1988.
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Office, Great Britain Home, Hrsg. Statistics of experiments on living animals: Great Britain. London: HMSO, 1986.
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Office, Great Britain Home, Hrsg. Statistics of experiments on living animals: Great Britain. London: H.M.S.O., 1987.
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Office, Great Britain Home, Hrsg. Statistics of experiments on living animals: Great Britain. London: H.M.S.O., 1985.
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Office, Home. Statistics of experiments on living animals: Great Britain, 1985. London: HMSO, 1986.
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Office, Home. Statistics of scientific procedures on living animals: Great Britain. London: Stationery Office, 1999.
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Office, Great Britain Home, Hrsg. Statistics of scientific procedures on living animals, Great Britain. London: HMSO., 1987.
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Office, Great Britain Home, Hrsg. Statistics of scientific procedures on living animals, Great Britain. London: HMSO, 1995.
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Office, Home. Statistics of scientific procedures on living animals: Great Britain 2003. London: HMSO, 2004.
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Morris, James. Goats for fibre: Guide to producing mohair, cashmere and cashgora in Great Britain. Bodmin: National Angora Stud, 1987.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenBuchteile zum Thema "Animals – Great Britain"
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Radford, Mike, und Donald M. Broom. „The Offence of Cruelty“. In Animal Welfare Law in Britain, 193–219. Oxford University PressOxford, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198262510.003.0008.
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Abstract The basis of animal protection legislation in Great Britain is the Protection of Animals Acts, the most important of which is, in England and Wales, the Protection of Animals Act 1911 (‘the 1911 Act’) and, in Scotland, the Protection of Animals (Scotland) Act 1912 (‘the 1912 Act’). It is in these statutes that the legal meaning of cruelty is set out. The 1911 and 1912 Acts are, in all essentials, identical; the reason for there being two separate pieces of legislation is historical. That of 1911 was principally a consolidation Act, by which means the existing law is, for the sake of convenience, brought together and restated in a single statute. At the time, the extent of the protection provided by Scottish law differed from the rest of Britain in a number of important respects and, by definition, it is inappropriate to introduce significant legislative change by means of a consolidation Act. Accordingly, in order to secure uniformity, it was necessary to introduce separate legislation in respect of Scotland.
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„The impacts of the reintroduction of wild boar in the Forest of Dean, Great Britain“. In Trees, Forested Landscapes and Grazing Animals, 272–84. Routledge, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203102909-29.
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‘Culloch, J. R. M. „From A Dictionary, Practical, Theoretical, and Historical of Commerce and Commercial Navigation (1832)“. In Literature and Science in the Nineteenth Century. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780199554652.003.0140.
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HORSE, a domestic quadruped of the highest utility, being by far the most valuable acquisition made by man among the lower animals. There is a great variety of horses in Britain. The frequent introduction of foreign breeds, and their judicious mixture, having greatly...
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Harding, Dennis. „Animal burials and animal symbolism“. In Death and Burial in Iron Age Britain. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199687565.003.0014.
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Animal remains may be deposited archaeologically in a great variety of circumstances, many of which must reflect their role in the domestic and agricultural economy of Iron Age communities, and result from normal disposal of the residues of butchery or consumption. In some circumstances the reason for disposal will have been death through disease or misadventure. The case of the cow in pit 61 of the phase 3 settlement at Gussage All Saints (Wainwright, 1979) that apparently died in calving is a case in point, though it is not clear why this animal was not processed for consumption, and we may suspect that an inauspicious omen was inferred that may have resulted in some special act of deposition. Ritual killing of animals, nevertheless, has been attested throughout Europe from earliest prehistory to the medieval period (Pluskowski, 2011). In reviewing animal sacrifices among the Gauls, Méniel (1992) divided the evidence into three principal categories of deposits found in habitation sites, in cemeteries, and in sanctuaires. The special character of those found on sanctuary sites, or accompanying human burials, individually or in cemeteries, is implicit from context, but animal burials that may have been deposited ritually on habitation sites are more difficult to distinguish from other forms of domestic or agricultural discard. The key problem, of course, is distinguishing ‘special deposits’ from normal butchery waste, which itself may have been disposed of in a systematic but not ritually significant fashion, a notion that was first advanced by Maltby (1985b) in the context of the Winnall Down animal remains. Despite interest generated by the Danebury project in special treatment of animal remains, the majority of faunal material from the 1985–6 excavations at Maiden Castle (Sharples, 1991a) was interpreted as the product of animal husbandry for domestic consumption or secondary products. Even in the few instances in which a possible ritual dimension was conceded, the animal remains showed evidence of butchery, involving removal of skins and flesh and disarticulation of the skeletons. Special treatment in particular may have been accorded to dogs (Smith, 2006).
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Woods, Rebecca J. H. „A Breed in Any Other Place“. In The Herds Shot Round the World. University of North Carolina Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469634661.003.0002.
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This chapter explores “native” British breeds within the context of agricultural improvement at the turn of the nineteenth century, arguing that the idea of a native breed arose at the same time and in opposition to that of an “improved” breed. Breeds were understood to encompass the relationship between heredity, anthropogenic selection, and the influence of climate or environment, although which of these factors was understood to take precedence could and did vary. As breeders increasingly selected their animals for early maturity, meatiness, or particular kinds of wool in the case of sheep in conformation with market imperatives, “native” came to signal a type of livestock defined more by its relationship to a particular place within Great Britain than by its degree of breeding. A growing propensity for moving animals from place to place, and combining existing breeds into new types of livestock, such as Shorthorn cattle or New Leicester sheep, informed these developments.
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Beerling, David. „Global warming ushers in the dinosaur era“. In The Emerald Planet. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192806024.003.0012.
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Reverend William Buckland (1784–1856), a British vicar and palaeontologist, was the first Professor of Geology at the University of Oxford (1813) (see Plate 8). Charming and eloquent, Buckland was also an accomplished lecturer. His biographer summed him up rather well, remarking in 1894 ‘it is impossible to convey to the mind of any one who had never heard Dr. Buckland speak, the inimitable effect of that union of the most playful fancy with the most profound reflections which so eminently characterized his scientific oratory’. Brilliant and famously eccentric, he once offended stuffier colleagues at a British Association meeting in Bristol by strutting around the lecture theatre imitating chickens to demonstrate how prehistoric birds could have left footprints in the mud. On another occasion he: . . . attracted an audience totalling several thousand for a lecture in the famous Dudley Caverns, specially illuminated for the purpose. Carried away by the general magnificence, he was tempted into rounding off with a shameless appeal to the audience’s patriotism. The great mineral wealth lying around on every hand, he proclaimed, was no mere accident of nature; it showed rather, the express intention of Providence that the inhabitants of Britain should become, by this gift, the richest and most powerful nation on Earth. And with these words, the great crowd, with Buckland at its head, returned towards the light of day thundering out, with one accord, ‘God save the Queen!’. . . Buckland also claimed to have eaten his way straight through the animal kingdom as he studied it and, allegedly, part of Louis XIV’s embalmed heart, pinched from the snuffbox of his friend the Archbishop of Canterbury. He was aided in the eccentric culinary consumption of animals by his son Francis Buckland (1826–80), the celebrated Victorian naturalist and one-time Inspector of Her Majesty’s Salmon Fisheries, who evidently inherited his father’s eccentricity. Francis Buckland lived amongst beer-swilling monkeys, rats, and hares and regarded firing benzene at cockroaches through syringes as a fine sport. Francis arranged with London Zoo to receive off-cuts from the carcasses of unfortunate animals.
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„Table of Statutes: Great Britain“. In An Introduction to Animal Law, xiii—xv. Elsevier, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-188030-9.50007-2.
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O'Connor, Anne. „Arguments over the Ice Age“. In Finding Time for the Old Stone Age. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199215478.003.0010.
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The acceptance of human antiquity in the mid-nineteenth century fed a desire to know more about the age of these chipped stone tools from the drift. In 1863, Canon William Greenwell (1820–1918), the antiquary, archaeologist, and collector from Durham, declared: ‘The great question which has yet to be settled is this—at what period was the drift in which the flints are found deposited? And side by side with this was another important query—down to what time did these now extinct animals occupy any part of our continent?’ This chapter seeks to untangle the web of time that was spun around the stone implements of Britain over the last four decades of the nineteenth century. Greenwell’s great question was a popular one, and ‘what period’ was often answered by connecting the implementiferous drifts to the Glacial epoch. The mid-glacial submergence, entertained by geologists like Ramsay and Phillips, provided a convenient division between pre-glacial and post-glacial times. On each side of this great division, detailed patterns were being drawn in stratigraphy and bones. As decisions were made about the pre-glacial or post-glacial date of sediments from river drifts and caves, rich in tools and bones, the glacial chronology was, meanwhile, being revised and subdivided too. During the latter decades of the nineteenth century there was great activity and little agreement about the order of events in these distant times. Researchers immersed in different material, gathered from different geographical areas, and asking different questions would not find it easy—or even desirable—to mesh their findings into a single coherent sequence. Attempts to date the stone tools of Britain entered a contentious arena. The chronological indicators scrutinised by these researchers—river drifts, glacial drifts, and bones—offered few clear answers to Greenwell’s question. The sands, gravels, clays, and brickearths of Quaternary times were so scattered, patchy, and variable that even Prestwich found it diffcult to understand their sequence.
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Radford, Mike, und Donald M. Broom. „A Great Revolution“. In Animal Welfare Law in Britain, 15–31. Oxford University PressOxford, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198262510.003.0002.
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Abstract ‘I can entertain no doubt, after the most deliberate study and dispassionate judgment of which I am capable, that the view which most naturalists entertain, and which I formerly entertained-namely, that each species has been independently created-is erroneous’, declared Charles Darwin in his Introduction to The Origin of Species, published in 1859. ‘I am fully convinced’, he continued, ‘that species are not immutable; but that those belonging to what are called the same genera are lineal descendants of some other and generally extinct species.’ As a result, he suggested in parenthesis at the end of the book, ‘Light will be thrown on the origin of man and his history.
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Brittain, Charmaine R. „Defining Child Abuse and Neglect“. In Understanding the Medical Diagnosis of Child Maltreatment, 3–10. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195172171.003.0001.
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Abstract Ever since the case of Mary Ellen Wilson garnered headlines as the first child rescued from an abusive situation in 1876, the plights of children who are abused and neglected have captured our attention and mobilized our resources. We have learned much about diagnosing child abuse and neglect and even more about providing effective intervention and treatment. The first step in helping maltreated children is to identify those who have been abused or neglected and often this is done through a medical diagnosis. Over the years, in the retelling of Mary Ellen Wilson’s story, myth has sometimes been confused with fact. Some of the inaccuracies may stem from colorful but erroneous journalism, others from simple misunderstanding of the facts, and still others from the complex history of the child protection movement in the United States and Great Britain and its link to the animal welfare movement. While it is true that Henry Bergh, president of the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA), was instrumental in ensuring Mary Ellen’s removal from an abusive home, it is not true that her attorney—who also worked for the ASPCA—argued that she deserved help because she was “a member of the animal kingdom.” The real story—which can be pieced together from court documents, newspaper articles, and personal accounts—is quite compelling, and it illustrates the impact that a caring and committed individual can have on the life of a child.
Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Animals – Great Britain"
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Kintz, Erica, Erin Lewis und Victoria Cohen. Qualitative assessment of the risk of SARS-CoV-2 to human health through food exposures to deer in the UK. Food Standards Agency, März 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.jip603.
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SARS-CoV-2, the coronavirus responsible for the infectious disease COVID-19 (Gorbalenya et al 2020 (Opens in a new window)), was first detected in the human population in December 2019 (Zhu et al 2020 (Opens in a new window)). It has since spread to become a global pandemic. Previously, two other novel coronaviruses caused illness in the human population. The first, SARS-CoV (for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) was recognised as a new illness in 2004 and the second, MERS-CoV (for Middle East respiratory syndrome) in 2012 (de Wit et al. 2016). These previous coronavirus outbreaks in humans occurred after bat coronaviruses passed through intermediate hosts (civet cats and camels, respectively) and then transmitted to infect humans (de Wit et al. 2016). SARS-CoV-2 infections in companion animals such as dogs, cats and ferrets and also in captive or farmed animals such as tigers and mink have been observed, likely as spill over events from contact with infected humans (WOAH 2022). There is now a large body of evidence from the United States that SARS-CoV-2 is capable of infecting white-tailed deer and that it can then spread further in the deer population (details in “What is the risk of SARS-CoV-2 being introduced into the cervid population in Great Britain?” (Defra, 2022). Assuming a worst-case scenario where SARS-CoV-2 is circulating within the UK deer population, this risk assessment was performed to determine whether handling and/or consuming UK-produced deer meat and/or offal may pose a risk of contracting SARS-CoV-2 in humans.