Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Animals – economic aspects“
Geben Sie eine Quelle nach APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard und anderen Zitierweisen an
Inhaltsverzeichnis
Machen Sie sich mit den Listen der aktuellen Artikel, Bücher, Dissertationen, Berichten und anderer wissenschaftlichen Quellen zum Thema "Animals – economic aspects" bekannt.
Neben jedem Werk im Literaturverzeichnis ist die Option "Zur Bibliographie hinzufügen" verfügbar. Nutzen Sie sie, wird Ihre bibliographische Angabe des gewählten Werkes nach der nötigen Zitierweise (APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver usw.) automatisch gestaltet.
Sie können auch den vollen Text der wissenschaftlichen Publikation im PDF-Format herunterladen und eine Online-Annotation der Arbeit lesen, wenn die relevanten Parameter in den Metadaten verfügbar sind.
Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Animals – economic aspects"
1
Mylostyvyi, R. V. „VETERINARY, ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL ASPECTS OF CATTLE WELFARE: A REVIEW“. One Health Journal 1, Nr. IV (21.12.2023): 28–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/onehealthjournal2023-iv-03.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The paper presents a review of the literature on cattle welfare. The objective of this review is to outline the veterinary, economic, and social aspects of cattle welfare and highlight the current problems, global trends, and solutions. The global major scientific reference databases (Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Scopus) were reviewed. The review brought the following findings: a change in scientific and practical approaches to the understanding and assessment of the welfare of productive animals that requires not only health maintenance, stress prevention, or the ability of animals to express natural behavior. Animal welfare gains more anthropometric traits, including such concepts as 'pleasure' or 'happiness'. The concept of 'positive welfare' has become a more popular trend in scientific research on animal welfare. The review identified positive trends of possible modification of production systems, to make them more diverse and animal welfare friendly. The research found livestock products consumers growing concerned about animal welfare and housing conditions. The concept of welfare is more commercialized, which encourages livestock producers to adhere to ethical production standards. However, the demand of consumers to meet high standards of animal welfare does not have sufficient economic leverage. Only a few are willing to pay more for the better welfare of the animals or to refuse to consume animal products from production systems with poor welfare conditions. This review was intended to draw the attention of scientists, farmers, and consumers to the problems of the humane treatment of productive animals. And to assist stakeholders in finding their place in the process of creating better conditions for animals that are used for food, helping people with their existence or with their lives.
2
Carreira, Laura B. T., und Omar J. Sabbag. „Economic aspects of production of Caiman crocodilus yacare“. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 87, Nr. 1 (März 2015): 495–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201520130286.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The breeding of crocodilians is still a recent activity in Brazil. Its peak was in the 1990's, but it has gaps in its production, as there are no norms for the commercial breeding of these animals in captivity. However, its economic potential is great, and the search for ecological balance and viability of commercial production has become a challenge among farmers of this activity. Therefor, the objective of the study was to economically analyze the production of Caiman crocodilus yacareon a farm located in Caceres, state of Mato Grosso, identifying relevant items of costs in the activity, as well as the parameters related to the profitability and viability of the activity. The economic results for the breeding of this animal were positive, with profitability ratios higher than 70%.
3
McInerney, J. P. „An economic perspective on animal welfare“. Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1990 (März 1990): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600017918.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
There is a common misperception that economics is about money. People holding this view will expect a paper on the economic aspects of animal welfare to quote various financial figures representing the effects on the costs of production, or on the consumer prices of animal products, from adjustments in production methods designed to ‘improve’ the welfare of farm livestock. Under such a view it would seem that better animal welfare is a cost to people, but a benefit to animals.However, this is too simplistic a view of what economics is really about. Economic analysis is built up from a model that treats all economic activity as a series of resource-using processes undertaken to benefit people (considered collectively, not any particular subgroup) . Livestock production is one such economic process. It takes resources (land, feed, labour, animals, veterinary services, etc) and transforms them into commodities that people want - milk, meat, eggs, wool, etc. In economic terms, livestock production is simply the exploitation of animals for human benefit. Logically, any change in this process which is subject to decision (as opposed to factors outside human control) will only take place if people want it.
4
Wray, C., und J. A. Morris. „Aspects of colibacillosis in farm animals“. Journal of Hygiene 95, Nr. 3 (Dezember 1985): 577–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002217240006068x.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
It has been known for a considerable time thatEscherichia coli, although a normal inhabitant of the intestinal tract, can also be associated with a variety of pathological conditions in man, farm animals and poultry.When Escherich (1885) isolated from the faeces of a newborn baby an organism which is now accepted asE. coli, he considered it to be a harmless saprophyte. Laruelle (1889) was the first to suggest the possible pathogenicity of this organism, while Jensen (1893) showed that it was the cause of white scour in calves. The development of reliable serological methods facilitated the differentiation of strains and numerous workers have demonstrated an association between certain serological types ofE. coliand various disease conditions in animals. Enteric diseases in young animals are an important cause of mortality and economic loss to the farming community.
5
BENZERTIHA, ABDELBASSET, BARTOSZ KIEROŃCZYK, MATEUSZ RAWSKI, AGATA JÓZEFIAK, JAN MAZURKIEWICZ, DAMIAN JÓZEFIAK, MOHAMMED SALAH MESSIKH und SYLWESTER ŚWIĄTKIEWICZ. „Cultural and practical aspects of halal slaughtering in food production“. Medycyna Weterynaryjna 74, Nr. 1 (2018): 6023–2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21521/mw.6023.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The rise in the Muslim population with the economic disability of Muslim countries have made the term halal common all around the world. The lack of information about halal in non-Muslim countries has made the status of imported halal products uncertain for Muslim countries. Halal meat is the most critical product due to the precise rules and requirements needed. In this review, we attempt to explain the types of halal and haram animals as well as the requirements needed for the allowed animals to be halal. Muslims must follow the halal rules mentioned in the Quran, Sunna and doctrines (scholars). The halal animals have been categorized with special and essential slaughtering requirements. However, the slaughtering should be performed in accordance with Islamic rules. The application of animal stunning has been allowed in some Islamic countries since the animal is still alive at the time of slaughtering with respect to animal welfare. Moreover, halal meat loses its halalness as soon as it becomes contaminated with najis (unclean). Indeed, it is important to understand the requirements of halal food, which cover religious aspects..
6
Bainé Szabó, Bernadett. „Economic Aspects of Rural Tourism“. Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, Nr. 12 (26.11.2003): 55–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/12/3431.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
necessary to ensure the livelihoods of those leaving the agricultural sector and to supplement the incomes of those working in agriculture. I research rural development in four settlements in Hajdú-Bihar County, in Balmazújváros, Hortobágy, Tiszacsege and Egyek, all bordering Hortobágy National Park.There are many alternative income sources in settlements in the Hortobágy area, such as organic farming, production herbs, hungaricums, small animals and arts and crafts, as well as rural tourism. Rural tourism is not for subsistence, but a supplementary income source, mainly available during the summer time. I made a survey of rural hosts in the four examined settlements, and according to my results, I constructed a model reflecting the cost-benefit relation, as well as the payment period conditions of rural tourism. I am going to show whether it is worth dealing with rural tourism, and if yes, under what conditions. Rural tourism contributes to the maintenance of rural modes of living, in this way it has significant cultural, economic, ecological and social aspects, as well. It is crucial for settlements to create the appropriate conditions needed for joining rural tourism, if it is worth joining at all, and to realise investments for all these. Rural tourism has strict requirements for the levels of environment, infrastructure and services. Studying the Western-European practices, Hungary is lagged behind in the conditions of rural tourism and rural hosts have done their activities mainly out of necessity and not to maintain traditions. Rural tourism may result in success only by co-operation and over the long-run.
7
Rahbari, S., und J. Ghasemi. „Study on economic aspects of goat grubs in Iran“. Tropical Animal Health and Production 29, Nr. 4 (Oktober 1997): 243–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02632313.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
8
Sushyk, Olha, und Daria Rosokhata. „Animals with Regard to Climate Changes - International and European Law Aspects“. Przegląd Prawa Administracyjnego 1 (02.07.2019): 41–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/ppa.2018.1.41-58.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The article consists of three parts. Firstly, it introduces the connection between animal and climate change. On the one hand, the impact of agricultural emissions (livestock emissions) on climate change has been introduced. On the other hand, it has been presented that the climate change has a negative impact not only for the humankind, but also for the biodiversity (animals) which have an economic and socio-cultural significance. Th second part provides an analysis of relevant international legal frameworks (UN Climate Change regime) that stipulate specifically in relation to livestock emissions globally and existing legal and policy frameworks in the EU that address livestock emissions, namely the Effort Sharing Decision and the Common Agricultural Policy. Thirdly, the paper focuses on the problem of biodiversity conservation though the signifiant pace of climate change has been regulated by a number of international conventions. EU-wide ecological network is being created in Europe that ensures the preservation of the natural environment of animals and the ways of their migration, regardless of the existing borders of the countries. Climate change is already having adverse effcts on animal and those effects are likely to prove devastating in the future. Nonetheless, the relevant harms to animals have yet to become a serious part of the analysis of climate change policy.
9
Blazheva, V. „ECONOMIC ASYMMETRIES OF PRODUCTION IN THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR“. Trakia Journal of Sciences 18, Suppl.1 (2020): 570–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/tjs.2020.s.01.091.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The development of efficient and sustainable agriculture requires its permanent transformation. In this aspect, various methods of growing plants and breeding animals are applied to optimize production. These methods are distinguished mainly as: traditional (conventional) production, organic production, production of genetically modified organisms. From this standpoint, attention is drawn to: covering the widest possible range of terms used to characterize the variety of plant growing and animal breeding methods; a brief overview of the established in theory and practice modern methods of plant growing and animal breeding; delimiting the notion of biological – as a vital process, regardless of the plants and animals production technology (including the use of organic fertilizers; preparations containing live bacteria; treated seeds with live bacteria, etc.).The methods of the present study are scientific research methods: induction and deduction method, retrospective analysis and others; illustrative methods - schemes, figures and others. Regarding the expected results, this article focuses on highlighting the social, economic and environmental aspects of production of plant and animal products. Production in the agricultural sector must be aimed at recovery of residues and waste from crop and livestock production in harmony with the environment.
10
Nasir Hussain Shah, S., A. A. Dijkhuizen, A. H. Willemse und D. F. M. van de Wiel. „Economic aspects of reproductive failure in dairy buffaloes of Pakistan“. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 11, Nr. 2 (Oktober 1991): 147–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-5877(05)80036-4.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDissertationen zum Thema "Animals – economic aspects"
1
Manjengwa, George Munyaradzi. „Animal traction and small-scale farming : a Stellenbosch case study“. Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6542.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Thesis (MPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2011.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The main aim of this case study was to research the impact of the introduction of oxen for draught power on Eric Swarts’ Stellenbosch farm. The research objectives were designed to find out if the oxen helped to improve the quality of the soil, to determine their cost-effectiveness (compared to a tractor) and other social and managerial constraints and benefits associated with using them and also to make recommendations for small-scale farmers in developing countries. The literature review revealed that human society faces many serious sustainability challenges from ecosystem degradation and global warming, to massive poverty and social inequality. The global population is growing against a background of decreasing agricultural productivity due to degraded soils and the increased costs of farming. The adoption of farming methods that enhance ecosystem services and depend less on external inputs is therefore essential. Animal traction is still widely used among small-scale farmers in developing countries, but lacks policy and investment support to make it more efficient. There are currently widespread negative opinions about animal traction which regard it as a backward or old-fashioned technology. This research investigated the possibility of animal traction emerging as an affordable, environmentallyfriendly and appropriate technology for small-scale farming. The research is a case study with a qualitative, ethnographic research design in which participant observation was key in gathering research data. A cost-benefit analysis (CBA) was carried out to compare the cost-effectiveness of using oxen to either hiring or buying a tractor. The findings showed that oxen were a more cost-effective means of draught power than a tractor, not only in terms of capital costs but also maintenance and operational costs. The manure from the oxen was both an effective way of supplying crops with essential nutrients and improving soil biodiversity. The introduction of the oxen presented some challenges to the farmer concerning knowledge about how animals work and other managerial challenges, but these were overcome by learning through practice. It was found that the farmer will be able to make significant savings in soil-amendment costs and he can control the quality of the manure to suit his needs. It was concluded that small-scale farmers who choose animal traction over tractors as a means of draught power will realise many advantages in return.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die hoof doelwit van dié gevallestudie was om die impak van die ingebruikneming van osse as trekkrag op Eric Swarts se plaas te Stellenbosch na te vors. Die navorsingsteikens was ontwerp om uit te vind of die beeste gehelp het om die kwaliteit van die grond te verbeter, om hul lonendheid vas te stel (in vergelyking met ’n trekker) asook ander sosiale en bestuursbeperkings en -voordele wat met hul gebruik geassosieer word en ook met voorstelle vir kleinskaalboere in ontwikkelende lande voorendag te kom. Die literatuuroorsig navorsing het ontbloot dat die menslike samelewing met vele volhoubaarheidsuitdagings vanaf ekosistemiese agteruitgang en aardverhitting, tot swaar armoedigheid en sosiale ongelykhede gekonfronteer word. Die wêreld bevolking groei steeds ten spyte van die afname in landboukundige produktiwiteit as gevolg van verlaagde grondkwaliteit en die toenemende landboukoste. Die ingebruikneming van landboumetodes wat ekosistemiese dienste verhoog en minder staatmaak op eksterne insette is dus noodsaaklik. Dieretrekking word steeds algemeen in ontwikkelende landebenut, maar dit ontbreek beleids- en beggingsondersteuning om dit meer doeltreffend te maak. Daar is tans algemeen verbreide negatiewe sienswyse oor dieretrekksag wat dit as agterlike en oudmodiese tegnologie beskou. Dié navorsing het ondersoek ingestel om die moontlikheid van dieretrekking as ’n bekostigbare, omgewingsvriendelike en passende tegnologie vir kleinskaalboerdery vas te stel. Die navorsing is’n gevallestudie met kwalitatiwe, etnografiese navorsingsontwerp waarin deelnemerwaarneming kern is tot die insameling van data. ’n Kostewinsteanalise (KWA) was uitgevoer om die lonenheid van beeste te vergelyk met dié van of die huur of die koop van ’n trekker. Die bevindings het getoon dat beeste ’n lonender wyse van trekkrag as trekkers is, nie net in terme van kapitale koste nie, maar ook onderhouds en bedryfskoste. Die beesmis was beide ’n doeltreffende manier om die gevasse van nodige voedingstowwe te voorsien asook om grondbiodiversiteit te verbeter. Die ingebruikneming van beeste het sekere uitdagings vir die boere ingehou in verband met die kennis van hoe diere werk en ander bestuursuitdagings, maar dié was oorkom deur onderrig uit ondervinding. Daar was bevind dat die boer beduidende besparings kan maak aan grondaanvullingskoste hierdie jaar en dat hy die kwaliteit van die beesmis kan beheer om sy behoeftes dien. Die slotsom is dat kleinskaalboere wat kies om dieretrekking eerder as trekkers as trekkrag te gebruik, sal vele voordele hê.
2
Adam, Katherine. „The future of farm animal practice in a changing veterinary business landscape“. Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.669189.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
3
Htike, Thaung. „Some aspects of the cattle economy of Burma : 1948 to 1984“. Thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/131911.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Agriculture is still the main stay of the Burmese
economy and the livestock sub-sector is an integral part of the
agricultural sector. Use of draught cattle , which is the main
source of power , is significantly related to the intensity of
cultivation. Livestock are maintained by small farmers as part of
mixed farming , in this way these two sectors are complementary
and inter-dependent.
The main objective of this study is to examine the
aspects of the cattle economy of Burma since independence and the
consequences of State policy in this field. Much has been done in
the agricultural sector since independence, especially beginning
from the early 1960s and effects have started to become
noticeable since the late 1970s.
The livestock sector is targeted to increase at an
average annual growth rate of 5.34 percent in net value of output
(at constant 1969-70 prices) during the Twenty - Year Plan (1974-75
to 1993-94). However, actual growth rate during the first decade
(1974 - 75 to 1983 - 84 ) was 4.49 percent , less than the desired
rate . Growth of agriculture has been substantial and growth in
numbes of draught cattle though higher in recent decades than in
the past is still not sufficient , because of the dispersion of
land among the peasants. During the past decade, as the rate of
expansion draught cattle was faster than that of total sown area,
average sown area per yoke has been declining.
Percapita consumption of meat is fairly low and
percapita consumption of milk is very low, in fact lowest in the Asian region. To improve the situation, the State has been
encouraging individuals and organizations to take up and or
improve animal rearing for milk production. A milk processing
plant is being established with Australian aid.
Recent policy initiatives (since the late 1970s)
and establishment of a separate Ministry of Livestock Breeding
and Fisheries (in 1983) including initiatives like livestock
insurance and loan schemes, the milk processing plant and
improved breeding programmes should help to improve performance
of the sector. Due to constraints of data availability this study
has been restricted to an overall view of the sector°s
performance . Periodic indepth studies of the sector (with
appropriate data base) will help in identification of bottlenecks
and formulation of appropriate corrective policy.
4
Henderson, Marilyn. „Some aspects of the production of cashmere fibre from nonselected Australian feral goats“. Title page, contents and forward only, 1990. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phh497.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 246-280) and index. Deals with the domestication of the goat and the history of the cashmere industry; investigates fibre physiology and production in general; and gives a detailed account of skin histology and fibre production of goats with particular reference to the cashmere-bearing animal; followed by research related to cashmere fibre production
5
Marufu, Madure. „Socio-economic importance, health and welfare aspects of donkeys (Equus asinus) used for carting in a peri-urban area of South Africa“. Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1019781.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The broad objective of the study was to determine the socio-economic importance, health and welfare aspects of donkeys used for carting in a peri-urban area. A survey was conducted among 71 donkey owners in Joza, a peri-urban area near Grahamstown in the Eastern Cape Province (ECP) of South Africa to investigate their perceptions on socio-economic importance, health and welfare aspects of donkeys used for transport. Two hundred and seventy-one donkeys used for carting were assessed through direct observation of health and behaviour parameters to determine their welfare status. Results revealed that donkeys are indeed of immense value to people, being used daily (54.93%) for income generation activities and at least once per month (7.08%) for domestic chores. Most of the respondents (32%) earned R 600.00 per week while 11% earned at least R 200.00 per week from carting using donkeys. Donkeys were used for carting of goods (90.14%) more than for manure (16.9%). Gender and age of owners significantly (P < 0.05) influence perceptions on source of income while education level influenced their perceptions on carting firewood, goods and water. Results on management practices and health problems encountered by working donkeys showed that most of the owners managed their animals poorly. Most donkeys were being beaten (74.65%) during work, made to travel long distances (43.66%), worked long hours (52.11%) without adequate water (59.10%) and feed supplements (83.10%). Wounds (95.97%), coughing (75.65%) and lameness (64.79%) were some of the health problems encountered by donkeys. Significant relationships (P ˂ 0.05) were observed between owners’ perceptions on management practices and health problems encountered by donkeys. Among the observed animals, 61% were thin and mostly apathetic (26.2%) than medium and fat animals. Responses to observer approaches were significantly associated with sex and body condition score (BCS), with stallions in good body condition being more aggressive. Donkeys having a BCS of 3-5 avoided chin contact either by kicking out or moving away. Results further showed that most of the donkeys were suffering from external injuries, with the hindquarters (39.85%), shoulder (32.10%) and spine (21.77%) being the mostly affected areas. The prevalence of wounds on tail-base, belly, flank and neck were seen in less than 13% of the animals. The prevalence of wounds was influenced by age and BCS of the animals. Young donkeys with good BCS were less affected than old donkeys. Lameness, poor coat condition, external parasites, abnormal mucous membrane and dental problems were observed in less than 30% of the animals. It was concluded that donkeys play a pivotal role economically and socially to the livelihoods of people in a peri-urban area (Joza) in terms of income generation and transportation. However, these animals are experiencing multiple health and welfare problems. Therefore, more access to veterinary services, training on donkey use and management, health and welfare promotion programs are of paramount importance in solving the problem of poor health and welfare in donkeys.
6
Maini, Elena <1977>. „Lo sviluppo dell'allevamento in Emilia-Romagna Aspetti economici e implicazioni sociali nella gestione della risorsa animale durante l’età del Bronzo“. Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/5060/1/Maini_Elena_tesi.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Il dibattito sullo sviluppo delle culture dell’età del Bronzo nel territorio dell’Emilia-Romagna sta portando una rinnovata attenzione sull’area romagnola. Le indagini si sono concentrate sull’area compresa tra il fiume Panaro e il Mare Adriatico, riconoscibile nell’odierna Romagna ed in parte della bassa pianura emiliana. Si trattava un territorio strategico, un vero e proprio crocevia socio-economico fra la cultura terramaricola e quelle centro italiche di Grotta Nuova.
La presente ricerca di dottorato ha portato alla ricostruzione dei sistemi di gestione e di sfruttamento delle risorse animali in Emilia-Romagna durante l’Età del Bronzo, con particolare attenzione alla definizione della capacità portante ambientale dei diversi territori indagati e delle loro modalità di sfruttamento in relazione alla razionalizzazione della pratiche di allevamento. Sono state studiate in dettaglio le filiere di trasformazione dei prodotti animali primari e secondari definendo, quindi, i caratteri delle paleoeconomie locali nel processo di evoluzione della Romagna durante l’età del Bronzo.
La ricerca si è basata sullo studio archeozoologico completo su 13 siti recentemente indagati, distribuiti nelle provincie di: Bologna, Ferrara, Ravenna, Forlì/Cesena e Rimini, e su una revisione completa delle evidenze archeozoologiche prodotte da studi pregressi. Le analisi non si sono limitate al riconoscimento delle specie, ma hanno teso all’individuazione ed alla valutazione di parametri complessi per ricostruire le strategie di abbattimento e le tecniche di sfruttamento e macellazione dei diversi gruppi animali. E’ stato possibile, quindi, valutare il peso ecologico di mandrie e greggi sul territorio e l’impatto economico ed ecologico di un allevamento sempre più sistematico e razionale, sia dal punto di vista dell’organizzazione territoriale degli insediamenti, sia per quanto riguarda le ripercussioni sulla gestione delle risorse agricole ed ambientali in generale.The debate about the development of Bronze Age cultures in the Emilia-Romagna region (Italy) is leading to a renewed attention for Romagna. Research has focused on the area between the Panaro River and the Adriatic Sea, corresponding to present-day Romagna and southeastern Emilia provinces. It was a strategic area, an actual socio-economic crossroads between terramare culture and the Grotta Nuova cultures of central Italy. This doctoral research led to the reconstruction of the management and exploitation systems of animal resources in Emilia-Romagna during the Bronze Age, with a particular focus on the definition of the environmental carrying capacity of the different regions and on their exploitation methods for a rationalization of farming practices. The processing chains of primary and secondary products have been studied in detail, in order to define the character of local paleoeconomies within the evolution of the Romagna during Bronze Age. The research is based on the complete zooarchaeological study of 13 sites recently investigated, located in the provinces of Bologna, Ferrara, Ravenna, Forlì / Cesena and Rimini, and on the comprehensive reappraisal of the archaeological evidence produced by previous studies. Analyses have not been limited to the identification of the different species, but have aimed to the identification and the evaluation of complex parameters, in order to reconstruct the killing strategies and the techniques of exploitation and slaughtering of the different animal groups. The research allowed the evaluation of the impact of herds and flocks on the local environments and the economic and ecological impact of a more systematic and rational farming, for both the spatial organization of the settlements and for the consequence on the management of agricultural and environmental resources.
7
Maini, Elena <1977>. „Lo sviluppo dell'allevamento in Emilia-Romagna Aspetti economici e implicazioni sociali nella gestione della risorsa animale durante l’età del Bronzo“. Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/5060/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Il dibattito sullo sviluppo delle culture dell’età del Bronzo nel territorio dell’Emilia-Romagna sta portando una rinnovata attenzione sull’area romagnola. Le indagini si sono concentrate sull’area compresa tra il fiume Panaro e il Mare Adriatico, riconoscibile nell’odierna Romagna ed in parte della bassa pianura emiliana. Si trattava un territorio strategico, un vero e proprio crocevia socio-economico fra la cultura terramaricola e quelle centro italiche di Grotta Nuova.
La presente ricerca di dottorato ha portato alla ricostruzione dei sistemi di gestione e di sfruttamento delle risorse animali in Emilia-Romagna durante l’Età del Bronzo, con particolare attenzione alla definizione della capacità portante ambientale dei diversi territori indagati e delle loro modalità di sfruttamento in relazione alla razionalizzazione della pratiche di allevamento. Sono state studiate in dettaglio le filiere di trasformazione dei prodotti animali primari e secondari definendo, quindi, i caratteri delle paleoeconomie locali nel processo di evoluzione della Romagna durante l’età del Bronzo.
La ricerca si è basata sullo studio archeozoologico completo su 13 siti recentemente indagati, distribuiti nelle provincie di: Bologna, Ferrara, Ravenna, Forlì/Cesena e Rimini, e su una revisione completa delle evidenze archeozoologiche prodotte da studi pregressi. Le analisi non si sono limitate al riconoscimento delle specie, ma hanno teso all’individuazione ed alla valutazione di parametri complessi per ricostruire le strategie di abbattimento e le tecniche di sfruttamento e macellazione dei diversi gruppi animali. E’ stato possibile, quindi, valutare il peso ecologico di mandrie e greggi sul territorio e l’impatto economico ed ecologico di un allevamento sempre più sistematico e razionale, sia dal punto di vista dell’organizzazione territoriale degli insediamenti, sia per quanto riguarda le ripercussioni sulla gestione delle risorse agricole ed ambientali in generale.The debate about the development of Bronze Age cultures in the Emilia-Romagna region (Italy) is leading to a renewed attention for Romagna. Research has focused on the area between the Panaro River and the Adriatic Sea, corresponding to present-day Romagna and southeastern Emilia provinces. It was a strategic area, an actual socio-economic crossroads between terramare culture and the Grotta Nuova cultures of central Italy. This doctoral research led to the reconstruction of the management and exploitation systems of animal resources in Emilia-Romagna during the Bronze Age, with a particular focus on the definition of the environmental carrying capacity of the different regions and on their exploitation methods for a rationalization of farming practices. The processing chains of primary and secondary products have been studied in detail, in order to define the character of local paleoeconomies within the evolution of the Romagna during Bronze Age. The research is based on the complete zooarchaeological study of 13 sites recently investigated, located in the provinces of Bologna, Ferrara, Ravenna, Forlì / Cesena and Rimini, and on the comprehensive reappraisal of the archaeological evidence produced by previous studies. Analyses have not been limited to the identification of the different species, but have aimed to the identification and the evaluation of complex parameters, in order to reconstruct the killing strategies and the techniques of exploitation and slaughtering of the different animal groups. The research allowed the evaluation of the impact of herds and flocks on the local environments and the economic and ecological impact of a more systematic and rational farming, for both the spatial organization of the settlements and for the consequence on the management of agricultural and environmental resources.
8
Silbert, Michele Sue 1960. „Mesquite pod utilization for livestock feed: An economic development alternative in central Mexico“. Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291526.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
In central Mexico's semi-arid highlands, mesquite (Prosopis spp.) pods are utilized for food and livestock feed. In 1975, a union of 53 rural communities opened a storage and processing facility for mesquite pods. A study of the operation and the regional collection, sales, and use of mesquite was conducted to evaluate the industry's potential. Twenty-six communities were visited, and formal interviews were held with 35 subsistence farmers, 12 mesquite feed dealers, eight large-scale ranchers, and members of the mesquite union. The effect of climatic factors on mesquite pod harvests was analyzed. The study examined opportunity costs for land and labor and the costs and returns of improvements to the operation. The mesquite facility has increased income production for rural farmers and provided a local source of nutritious livestock feed. Potential improvements to the industry include pest control, production of mixed feeds, improved management, and marketing. Similar operations could succeed in areas with dense mesquite woodlands, a history of pod collection and use, and a need for seasonal income production.
9
Alarcón, Pablo López. „Optimizing post-weaning multi-systemic wasting syndrome control taking into account economics aspects and management of information in decision making by farmers“. Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.572446.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
10
Pereira, Luiz Carlos Bresser. „Entre o ovo e a galinha há uma indústria“. Florianópolis, SC, 2000. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/79306.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Agrárias. Programa de Pós-Graduação em AgroecossistemasMade available in DSpace on 2012-10-18T01:53:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Esta dissertação teve como cenário um momento bastante marcante da economia brasileira, especialmente no setor rural. O País vivendo sob uma política de estabilização inflacionária, calcada principalmente na estabilidade da moeda e do preço dos produtos agrícolas; e no processo de globalização, que abre as fronteiras para os produtos externos, prejudicando as exportações, em virtude do custo da moeda nacional, equiparada com o dólar norte-americano. Neste quadro, nem um pouco favorável a investimentos, duas empresas avícolas do Estado lançam-se num processo de expansão da produção, levando consigo centenas de pequenos proprietários rurais, localizados na região Sul e Grande Florianópolis, no Estado de Santa Catarina. O objeto desta pesquisa foi a relação contratual entre as partes, num processo que envolve, ainda, o setor público, nas três esferas de governo, sociedade civil, seja ela local ou regional, técnicos envolvidos, empresas de prestação de serviço, entre tantos agentes. Atenção especial foi dada aos componentes passivos da cadeia, verificando a preocupação com o manejo das aves, seja pela densidade ou automação dos galinheiros, ou os resultados que a atividade provoca ao meio-ambiente. Medidas de controle dos dejetos da atividade, como, por exemplo, o processo de compostagem de carcaças. O que pudemos verificar, no contato com os produtores a que tivemos acesso, é que a atividade passa a oferecer uma alternativa de renda às pequenas propriedades, envolvendo-os num mercado muito maior do que eles, que cresce proporcionalmente ao aumento da população. Do outro lado, o grau de exigências adotado pelas empresas, visando a contratação dos novos parceiros, varia em função das condições sócio-econômicas de cada região e das oscilações e perspectivas do mercado. Num enfoque que não se enquadra na pesquisa cartesiana e laboratorial, procuramos observar a atividade dentro de um contexto interdisciplinar, o que resultou numa "colcha de retalhos". Era o risco e o desafio que a pesquisa apresentava.
Bücher zum Thema "Animals – economic aspects"
1
Lesser, William. Commercial applications and economic impact of patented animals. [Washington, D.C.?]: Congress of the U.S., Office of Technology Assessment, 1988.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle finden
2
Tullock, Gordon. The economics of nonhuman societies. Tucson, Ariz: Pallas Press, 1994.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle finden
3
Winter, Michael. Farm animal welfare and the Common Agricultural Policy in Europe: A report to Compassion in World Farming Trust & World Society for the Protection of Animals. Petersfield: Compassion in World Farming Trust, 1997.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle finden
4
Wolfe, Cary. Before the law: Humans and other animals in a biopolitical frame. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2013.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle finden
5
Laufer, Peter. Forbidden creatures: Inside the world of animal smuggling and exotic pets. Guilford, Conn: Lyons Press, 2010.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle finden
6
Tulachan, Pradeep Man. Livestock in mixed farming systems of the Hindu Kush-Himalayas: Trends and sustainability. Kathmandu: International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development, 1999.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle finden
7
Jacquemot, A. The importance of wildlife to Canadians: The recreational economic significance of wildlife. [Ottowa, Ont.]: Canadian Wildife Service, Environment Canada, 1986.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle finden
8
European Association for Animal Production., Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. und Research Centre for Animal Breeding and Nutrition., Hrsg. The livestock production sector in Eastern Europe as affected by current changes: Proceedings of the round-table. Wageningen: Pudoc, 1991.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle finden
9
National Seminar on Status of Animal Energy Utilisation (1987 Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering). Utilisation and economics of draught animal power: Proceedings of the National Seminar on Status of Animal Energy Utilisation held at Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Bhopal, Jan. 24-25, 1987. Bhopal, India: The Institute, 1987.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle finden
10
Butler, J. R. A. The economic costs of wildlife predation on livestock in a Gokwe communal land site. Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe: Centre for Applied Social Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, 1997.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenBuchteile zum Thema "Animals – economic aspects"
1
Martins, Sara Babo, Barbara Häsler und Jonathan Rushton. „Economic Aspects of Zoonoses: Impact of Zoonoses on the Food Industry“. In Zoonoses - Infections Affecting Humans and Animals, 1107–26. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9457-2_45.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
2
Nzioka, Jacinta. „Managing the migration – Maasai Mara National Reserve and Serengeti World Heritage Site connectivity“. In Managing Transnational UNESCO World Heritage sites in Africa, 1–9. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80910-2_1.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
AbstractThe greatest natural mass wildlife migration on the planet, involving one ecosystem, two different nations and millions of animals, brings together the Serengeti World Heritage Site (WHS) in Tanzania and the Maasai Mara National Reserve in Kenya. In terms of natural heritage, the border is crossed by the Mara River and represents a fluid boundary. On the scale of Indigenous local communities, the borderlands area is also shared on both sides by the Maasai peoples, long associated with a pastoral and herding tradition of domesticated animals, but more recently through transformed engagement in conservation and tourism activities. But with regard to the more substantive conservation, tourism and other economic or political aspects, the boundary between Kenya and Tanzania forms a more challenging frontier which, to be truly effective, demands a greater degree of cooperation and joined-up management of the ecosystem.
3
Broom, Donald M. „EU regulations and the current position of animal welfare.“ In The economics of farm animal welfare: theory, evidence and policy, 147–55. Wallingford: CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781786392312.0147.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Abstract In most countries of the world, sustainability issues are viewed by the public as of increasing importance and animal welfare is perceived to be both a public good and a key aspect of these issues. European Union animal welfare policy and legislation on animal welfare has helped animals, has had much positive influence in the world and has improved the public image of the EU. Health is a key part of welfare and the one-health and one-welfare approaches emphasize that these terms mean the same for humans and non-humans. The animals that humans use are described as sentient beings in EU legislation. Scientific information about animal welfare, like that produced by EFSA, is used in the formulation of the wide range of EU animal welfare laws. The European Commission has an animal welfare strategy including the Animal Welfare Platform. However, most kinds of animals kept in the EU are not covered by legislation, and they are subject to some of the worst animal welfare problems, so a general animal welfare law and specific laws on several species are needed. Animal sentience and welfare should be mentioned, using accurate scientific terminology, in many trade-related laws as well as in animal-specific laws.
4
Wijnands, J. H. M., W. F. Ausems und J. M. A. Nijssen. „Economic aspects of the use of animal manures“. In Animal Manure on Grassland and Fodder Crops. Fertilizer or Waste?, 247–57. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3659-1_15.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
5
Hofmann, Frieder K. „Strategies for Economic Gmp Production of Mammalian Cell Expressed Proteins“. In Animal Cell Technology: Basic & Applied Aspects, 135–41. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2844-5_19.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
6
Zahoor, Tahir, Atif Liaqat und Nehdia Azhar. „Safety and Quality Aspects of Animal Origin Foods“. In Animal Sourced Foods for Developing Economies, 207–23. Boca Raton, FL : Taylor & Francis, 2019. | Series: World Food Preservation Center book series: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429398575-11.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
7
Yasin, Muhammad, Aurang Zeb und Ihsan Ullah. „Nutritional and Safety Aspects of Animal-Based Irradiated Foods“. In Animal Sourced Foods for Developing Economies, 269–87. Boca Raton, FL : Taylor & Francis, 2019. | Series: World Food Preservation Center book series: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429398575-15.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
8
Masters, William A., und Amelia B. Finaret. „International Development: Systemic Change Over Time“. In Food Economics, 329–97. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-53840-7_10.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
AbstractSustained economic growth is both cause and consequence of many different changes in society. This chapter introduces how a country’s national income and total expenditure relates to other aspects of social and economic development. We begin by introducing the role of capital accumulation, as public and private investment drives a growing stock of physical and technological resources as well as education and health. We then trace four main shifts associated with these developments over time: a demographic transition in population growth and longevity; a structural transformation of the economy towards urbanization and fewer farmers with more land per farmer; a food system transformation to more input use and more animal source foods; and a nutrition transition in dietary patterns including more packaged food and meals away from home. Each community, country and region experience these transitions in different ways and at different times, creating opportunities for people to guide the pace and direction of change through their own private and public choices.
9
Krebs, Dennis L. „Natural Goodness“. In Relational Anthropology for Contemporary Economics, 31–49. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84690-9_3.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
AbstractAlthough the theory of evolution might seem to imply that all animals must be selfish by nature, this is not the case because social animals can propagate their selfish genes in psychologically unselfish ways. To understand the moral aspect of human nature, we must understand the adaptive functions that moral traits served in early human environments. I argue that the central function of morality is to uphold adaptive systems of cooperation. Even though some cooperative strategies are susceptible to exploitation by selfish strategies, there are several ways in which the kind of cooperative behavioral strategies that people consider moral can evolve. Primitive psychological sources of moral behavior, such as moral emotions, and advanced sources, such as perspective-taking and moral reasoning, evolve and develop throughout the life span in a Russian Doll manner. Although the original function of perspective-taking and moral reasoning may have been to help early humans advance their interests in strategic social interactions, these processes may now motivate people to behave in moral ways. We are evolved to be as good as our early ancestors had to be to reap the benefits of sociality and cooperation.
10
Neeteson, Anne-Marie, Santiago Avendaño und Alfons Koerhuis. „Poultry breeding for sustainability and welfare.“ In The economics of farm animal welfare: theory, evidence and policy, 117–46. Wallingford: CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781786392312.0117.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Abstract Animal breeding for welfare and sustainability requires improving and optimizing environmental impact, productivity, robustness and welfare. Breeding is a long-term exercise at the start of the food chain with permanent cumulative outcomes, disseminated widely. This chapter explains, with a focus on poultry, breeding programme design and how broadening breeding goals and managing trait antagonism results in balanced breeding and more robust animal populations. Breeding progress in skeleton and skin health, physiology and body composition, and behaviour are addressed. The economic impact of welfare and environmental improvements is worked out, and the ethical and societal aspects of genetic improvement are put into perspective. The consideration of feedbacks of all stakeholders, including customers and the wider society, is crucial. For each crossbreed, breeders will continue to improve overall welfare, health, productivity and environmental impact, but between the crossbreeds there will be clear differences answering specific demands of concepts and brands.
Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Animals – economic aspects"
1
Silva, Isabela Gonçalves da, Lara Ellen Correa Nogueira Silva, Renata Vieira Chaves Gabriel, Alexandra Cristina Silva und Sérgio Eustáquio Lemos da Silva. „Aspects of the epidemiological chain of bovine neosporosis and applications as a prophylaxis tool“. In III SEVEN INTERNATIONAL MULTIDISCIPLINARY CONGRESS. Seven Congress, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56238/seveniiimulti2023-183.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Systemic parasitic infections are responsible for serious losses in agriculture. In the reproductive sphere of cattle farming, bovine neosporosis is described as one of the main diseases that causes abortions in cattle herds, generating considerable reproductive and, consequently, economic impacts on the Brazilian livestock sector. This disease is caused by the protozoan Neospora caninum, a coccid found in the form of tissue cysts and intracellular tachyzoites. This condition gives the parasite an efficient capacity for dissemination and transmission within cattle herds and can infect up to 90% of animals in confinement with dairy or beef aptitude (DUBEY et al. 2006).
2
BOBOC, Dan, Maria Claudia DIACONEASA, Valentin PĂUNA und Marilena POTÂRNICHE. „THE IMAGE OF THE ROMANIAN TRADE BALANCE EVOLUTION BETWEEN 2009 AND 2019“. In Competitiveness of Agro-Food and Environmental Economy. Editura ASE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24818/cafee/2020/9/09.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The objectives of sustainable development in agriculture are emphasizing the worries related to the possibility of ensuring food security at national levels caused by the climate change and agricultural productivity. These worries reflect directly on the international trading partnerships and affect the trading especially with agricultural and food supplies. The current research aims at providing a clear image of the modifications in the trade balance of Romania, recognised mostly as an exporter of raw agricultural products, such as cereals or live animals, at low prices. Romanian agricultural productivity is characterized by an acute weather dependency, due to the low levels of irrigation systems and extensive agricultural systems, combined with extreme heat during summers and low precipitation in winters and springs. Even so, the exports and imports of a country are a key factor in its economic development so they cannot be reduced only to food security and sustainability aspects. In this context, a clear image of Romania’s trade balance offers some insight for the designing of future policy related both to the possibilities of economic and sustainable development.
3
Durau, Carmen Claudia, Adalbert Okros, Andreea Urlica und Vlad Dragoslav Mircov. „SCREENING ON SOME PERMANENT GRASSLANDS IN TIMIS COUNTY (WESTERN ROMANIA). CASE STUDY“. In 22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022/5.1/s20.050.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The grass of the grasslands is the most accessible source of food for herbivores during a significant period of a year. The knowledge of the floristic composition of grasslands reflects the current state and is an essential element in determining the load of animals. This paper is a case study and aims to inventory the species participating in the grass cover near some localities in Western Romania. Vegetation surveys were made in March, June and the first quarter of October. The study method by which the vegetation was determined is the linear method on the basis of which different indices could be calculated such as: specific frequency, biodiversity index, pastoral value. The obtained results led to the conclusion that the analyzed permanent meadows are classified as mediocre in terms of forage, the pastoral value expressing these aspects. Regarding the biodiversity of the analyzed grasslands, it is classified as medium and high in one of the cases. Based on the analysis of these results, respectively their correlation with the mode of intervention on these permanent grasslands, the possible evolutionary trends of the vegetation and its direction can be outlined in order to improve the economic value and the species richness.
4
Agaselimova, S. S. „AUTOMATION OF FEEDING AND WATERING CATTLE“. In STATE AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS OF AGRIBUSINESS. ООО «ДГТУ-Принт» Адрес полиграфического предприятия: 344003, г. Ростов-на-Дону, пл. Гагарина,1., 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/interagro.2024.229-231.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Automation of cattle feeding and watering is an important aspect in modern livestock farming, which improves animal productivity and welfare. Automation of this process involves the use of specialized devices and technologies to ensure accurate and timely feeding and watering of animals. The article presents the economic characteristics of the use of automated watering and feeding systems, the equipment used, as well as the criteria for their use.
5
BRAN, Mariana, Simona Roxana PĂTĂRLĂGEANU, Mihai DINU und Silviu Ionut BEIA. „SUPPORTING A HEALTHY ENVIRONMENT THROUGH LIVESTOCK“. In Competitiveness of Agro-Food and Environmental Economy. Editura ASE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24818/cafee/2019/8/04.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The importance of animal husbandry reaches all aspects (social, economic and environmental) of sustainable development in rural areas. People produce for sale, but also for consumption. At the same time, considering the location of this economic activity and the practice of farm technology, it is necessary to observe certain norms in order to ensure good environmental conditions. Of course, the future points to the mistakes of the past. Today, modern animal technology is coordinated through IT programs, which anticipate not only the production but also the risks. Specialized literature indicates the environmental risks arising from cattle breeding at planetary level: accumulation of methane as a specificity of digestion, but also through accumulated manure. In this sense, however, the bibliographic studies and the statistical analyses are in favour of maintaining the herds of cattle, on condition there is genetic improvement in the nutritional aspect, as well as judicious waste management. These considerations are appreciated by Romanian farmers in the economic activity of cattle breeding, promoting measures to reduce greenhouse gases in this field.
6
Wiejak, Rafał, und Katarzyna Tyśkiewicz. „Economical aspects of plants extracts obtained with scCO2 extraction“. In 2nd International PhD Student’s Conference at the University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Poland: ENVIRONMENT – PLANT – ANIMAL – PRODUCT. Publishing House of The University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24326/icdsupl2.t063.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
7
Bunker, Ronald S. „Evolution of Turbine Cooling“. In ASME Turbo Expo 2017: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2017-63205.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Turbine cooling is a battle between the desire for greater hot section component life and the techno-economic demands of the marketplace. Surprisingly little separates the haves from the have nots. The evolution of turbine cooling is loosely analogous to that of the Darwinian theory of evolution for animals, starting from highly simplistic forms and progressing to increasingly more complex designs having greater capabilities. Yet even with the several generations of design advances, limitations are becoming apparent as complexity sometimes leads to less robust outcomes in operation. Furthermore, the changing environment for operation and servicing of cooled components, both the natural and the imposed environments, are resulting in new failure modes, higher sensitivities, and more variability in life. The present paper treats the evolution of turbine cooling in three broad aspects including the background development, the current state-of-the-art, and the prospects for the future. Unlike the Darwinian theory of evolution however, it is not feasible to implement thousands of small incremental design changes, random or not, to determine the fittest for survival and advancement. Instead, innovation and experience are utilized to direct the evolution. Over the last approximately 50 years, advances have led to an overall increase in component cooling effectiveness from 0.1 to 0.7. Innovation and invention aside, the performance of the engine has always dictated which technologies advance and which do not. Cooling technologies have been aided by complimentary and substantial advancements in materials and manufacturing. The state-of-the-art now contains dozens of internal component cooling methods with their many variations, yet still relies mainly on only a handful of basic film cooling forms that have been known for 40 years. Even so, large decreases in coolant usage, up to 50%, have been realized over time in the face of increasing turbine firing temperatures. The primary areas of greatest impact for the future of turbine cooling are discussed, these being new engine operating environments, component and systems integration effects, revolutionary turbine cooling, revolutionary manufacturing, and the quantification of unknowns. One key will be the marriage of design and manufacturing to bring about the concurrent use of engineered micro cooling or transpiration, with the ability of additive manufacturing. If successful, this combination could see a further 50% reduction in coolant usage for turbines. The other key element concerns the quantification of unknowns, which directly impacts validation and verification of current state-of-the-art and future turbine cooling. Addressing the entire scope of the challenges will require future turbine cooling to be of robust simplicity and stability, with freeform design, much as observed in the “designs” of nature.
8
Lisina, N., V. Erin und E. Trezubov. „Legal aspects of the turnover of rare and endangered animal species listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation“. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Sustainable Development of Cross-Border Regions: Economic, Social and Security Challenges (ICSDCBR 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icsdcbr-19.2019.99.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
9
Vasiliev, Y. S., P. B. Fedorov, A. A. Rufov und M. V. Makhatyrov. „USE AND EVALUATION OF THE SMAXTEC INTERNAL MONITORING SYSTEM FOR SCIENTIFIC AND INDUSTRIAL FATTENING OF KALMYK CATTLE IN YAKUTIA AND SOME ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF FATTENING“. In STATE AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS OF AGRIBUSINESS Volume 2. DSTU-Print, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/interagro.2020.2.521-524.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The article presents the results of using the SmaXtec internal monitoring system for fattening calmyk calves up to 18 months with the inclusion of local natural feed additives in the diet. For 60 days of fattening, an absolute increase in live weight was obtained from 45 to 55 kg with an average daily increase of 800-900 grams. We studied the monitoring data – the pH level and temperature of the rumen, the activity of the animal during the fattening period when changing the feeding diet. Calculated the costs and cost of feed during fattening.
10
Marins, Thiago Augusto Costa, Tainá Pereira de Souza Rocha Santos und Karyne Oliveira Coelho. „Good production practices on dairy farms“. In V Seven International Multidisciplinary Congress. Seven Congress, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.56238/sevenvmulti2024-170.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Maintaining milk quality is a challenge, especially in controlling the microbiological load, measured by the Standard Plate Count (CPP). It is crucial to adopt measures throughout the entire production chain, focusing on obtaining milk, since after processing, quality improvement becomes limited. Studies show that water quality and equipment hygiene are key points for reducing CPP and ensuring safe milk consumption. Good Agricultural Practices (BPA) cover economic, social and environmental aspects, promoting general improvements in the production system. Despite resistance from some producers, national and international regulations offer important guidelines to ensure milk quality. To increase competitiveness, Embrapa launched a biosafety certification seal in 2022, guaranteeing compliance with BPA and animal welfare.
Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Animals – economic aspects"
1
Shpigel, Nahum, Raul Barletta, Ilan Rosenshine und Marcelo Chaffer. Identification and characterization of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis virulence genes expressed in vivo by negative selection. United States Department of Agriculture, Januar 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7696510.bard.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is the etiological agent of a severe inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in ruminants, known as Johne’s disease or paratuberculosis. Johne’s disease is considered to be one of the most serious diseases affecting dairy cattle both in Israel and worldwide. Heavy economic losses are incurred by dairy farmers due to the severe effect of subclinical infection on milk production, fertility, lower disease resistance and early culling. Its influence in the United States alone is staggering, causing an estimated loss of $1.5 billion to the agriculture industry every year. Isolation of MAP from intestinal tissue and blood of Crohn's patients has lead to concern that it plays a potential pathogenic role in promoting human IDB including Crohn’s disease. There is great concern following the identification of the organism in animal products and shedding of the organism to the environment by subclinically infected animals. Little is known about the molecular basis for MAP virulence. The goal of the original proposed research was to identify MAP genes that are required for the critical stage of initial infection and colonization of ruminants’ intestine by MAP. We proposed to develop and use signature tag mutagenesis (STM) screen to find MAP genes that are specifically required for survival in ruminants upon experimental infection. This research projected was approved as one-year feasibility study to prove the ability of the research team to establish the animal model for mutant screening and alternative in-vitro cell systems. In Israel, neonatal goat kids were repeatedly inoculated with either one of the following organisms; MAP K-10 strain and three transposon mutants of K-10 which were produced and screened by the US PI. Six months after the commencement of inoculation we have necropsied the goats and taken multiple tissue samples from the jejunum, ileum and mesenteric lymph nodes. Both PCR and histopathology analysis indicated on efficient MAP colonization of all the inoculated animals. We have established several systems in the Israeli PI’s laboratory; these include using IS900 PCR for the identification of MAP and using HSP65-based PCR for the differentiation between MAV and MAP. We used Southern blot analysis for the differentiation among transposon mutants of K-10. In addition the Israeli PI has set up a panel of in-vitro screening systems for MAP mutants. These include assays to test adhesion, phagocytosis and survival of MAP to/within macrophages, assays that determine the rate of MAPinduced apoptosis of macrophages and MAP-induced NO production by macrophages, and assays testing the interference with T cell ã Interferon production and T cell proliferation by MAP infected macrophages (macrophage studies were done in BoMac and RAW cell lines, mouse peritoneal macrophages and bovine peripheral blood monocytes derived macrophages, respectively). All partners involved in this project feel that we are currently on track with this novel, highly challenging and ambitious research project. We have managed to establish the above described research systems that will clearly enable us to achieve the original proposed scientific objectives. We have proven ourselves as excellent collaborative groups with very high levels of complementary expertise. The Israeli groups were very fortunate to work with the US group and in a very short time period to master numerous techniques in the field of Mycobacterium research. The Israeli group has proven its ability to run this complicated animal model. This research, if continued, may elucidate new and basic aspects related to the pathogenesis MAP. In addition the work may identify new targets for vaccine and drug development. Considering the possibility that MAP might be a cause of human Crohn’s disease, better understanding of virulence mechanisms of this organism might also be of public health interest as well.
2
Ostersetzer-Biran, Oren, und Jeffrey Mower. Novel strategies to induce male sterility and restore fertility in Brassicaceae crops. United States Department of Agriculture, Januar 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2016.7604267.bard.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Abstract Mitochondria are the site of respiration and numerous other metabolic processes required for plant growth and development. Increased demands for metabolic energy are observed during different stages in the plants life cycle, but are particularly ample during germination and reproductive organ development. These activities are dependent upon the tight regulation of the expression and accumulation of various organellar proteins. Plant mitochondria contain their own genomes (mtDNA), which encode for rRNAs, tRNAs and some mitochondrial proteins. Although all mitochondria have probably evolved from a common alpha-proteobacterial ancestor, notable genomic reorganizations have occurred in the mtDNAs of different eukaryotic lineages. Plant mtDNAs are notably larger and more variable in size (ranging from 70~11,000 kbp in size) than the mrDNAs in higher animals (16~19 kbp). Another unique feature of plant mitochondria includes the presence of both circular and linear DNA fragments, which undergo intra- and intermolecular recombination. DNA-seq data indicate that such recombination events result with diverged mitochondrial genome configurations, even within a single plant species. One common plant phenotype that emerges as a consequence of altered mtDNA configuration is cytoplasmic male sterility CMS (i.e. reduced production of functional pollen). The maternally-inherited male sterility phenotype is highly valuable agriculturally. CMS forces the production of F1 hybrids, particularly in predominantly self-pollinating crops, resulting in enhanced crop growth and productivity through heterosis (i.e. hybrid vigor or outbreeding enhancement). CMS lines have been implemented in some cereal and vegetables, but most crops still lack a CMS system. This work focuses on the analysis of the molecular basis of CMS. We also aim to induce nuclear or organellar induced male-sterility in plants, and to develop a novel approach for fertility restoration. Our work focuses on Brassicaceae, a large family of flowering plants that includes Arabidopsis thaliana, a key model organism in plant sciences, as well as many crops of major economic importance (e.g., broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage, and various seeds for oil production). In spite of the genomic rearrangements in the mtDNAs of plants, the number of genes and the coding sequences are conserved among different mtDNAs in angiosperms (i.e. ~60 genes encoding different tRNAs, rRNAs, ribosomal proteins and subunits of the respiratory system). Yet, in addition to the known genes, plant mtDNAs also harbor numerous ORFs, most of which are not conserved among species and are currently of unknown function. Remarkably, and relevant to our study, CMS in plants is primarily associated with the expression of novel chimericORFs, which likely derive from recombination events within the mtDNAs. Whereas the CMS loci are localized to the mtDNAs, the factors that restore fertility (Rfs) are identified as nuclear-encoded RNA-binding proteins. Interestingly, nearly all of the Rf’s are identified as pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins, a large family of modular RNA-binding proteins that mediate several aspects of gene expression primarily in plant organelles. In this project we proposed to develop a system to test the ability of mtORFs in plants, which are closely related to known CMS factors. We will induce male fertility in various species of Brassicaceae, and test whether a down-relation in the expression of the recombinantCMS-genes restores fertility, using synthetically designed PPR proteins.
3
Ahammad, Ronju, und Francisco X. Aguilar. Socio-economic indicators for the assessment of sustainability in the Swedish forest sector, and linkages with the national environmental quality objectives. SLU Future forests, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.54612/a.6cbejge10k.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Sweden’s Environmental Quality Objectives (EQOs) have been adopted to help describe the environment the country wishes to achieve, and are a promise to future generations of clean air, a healthy living environment, and rich opportunities to enjoy nature. Here, we assessed selected socio-economic indicators adapted from the Montréal Process for the Conservation and Sustainable Management of Temperate and Boreal Forests (MP) to examine trends in the Swedish forest sector of direct relevance to the EQOs. We did this with the aim of raising awareness about important socio-economic dimensions related to the EQOs, and to explore the linkages between the EQOs and the forest bioeconomy. We focused on the forest sector because of its central importance to meeting the EQOs, and fundamental social and economic roles it plays in Swedish society. The MP was chosen as our guiding framework because it was developed to assess national-level sustainable forest conservation and management, thus, incorporating critical economic, environmental and social dimensions. We applied a mixed methods approach based on a literature review, analyses of national and multilateral databases, and consultation with experts to identify and interpret selected indicators. We identified forest sector socio-economic indicators relevant to the EQOs related to forest property and ownership, economic value and consumption of wood and wood products, employment, wood energy, access to greenery, per capita forest availability, and cultural values. Interpretation of national-level indicators estimated for the 2000-2020 period point to overall progress toward maintaining forest conservation and production areas and a sector that has added substantial economic value through the processing of wood and wood products. Forests are an importance source of renewable energy and increasingly support the location of non-wood energy sources through the placement of wind power mills across forested lands. Downward trends were observed in fewer forest owners, a shrinking workforce, and per capita forest area which might be explained by processes of bequeathing, higher industry efficiencies and continued population growth. Selected indicators related to production forests, wood energy, per capita protected forests and cultural importance suggest these can directly support relevant EQOs including living forests, limited climate impact, rich plant and animal life. Through exports and hiring foreign workers, the Swedish forest sector has kept a direct linkage with the consumption of wood products abroad and in supporting economic wellbeing in lesser-developed nations through wages from forestry and non-wood seasonal employment, respectively. There is limited current information on cultural aspects such as heritage values and reindeer herding. Available data suggest a declining trend in damages to cultural remains within forest felling areas. We recommend regular and periodic assessment of the cultural and conservation values for Swedish forests to strengthen the ability to assess social and ecological sustainability relevant to the EQOs.
4
Gottlieb, Yuval, Bradley Mullens und Richard Stouthamer. investigation of the role of bacterial symbionts in regulating the biology and vector competence of Culicoides vectors of animal viruses. United States Department of Agriculture, Juni 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7699865.bard.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Symbiotic bacteria have been shown to influence host reproduction and defense against biotic and abiotic stressors, and this relates to possible development of a symbiont-based control strategy. This project was based on the hypothesis that symbionts have a significant impact on Culicoides fitness and vector competence for animal viruses. The original objectives in our proposal were: 1. Molecular identification and localization of the newly-discovered symbiotic bacteria within C. imicola and C. schultzei in Israel and C. sonorensis in California. 2. Determination of the prevalence of symbiotic bacteria within different vector Culicoides populations. 3. Documentation of specific symbiont effects on vector reproduction and defense: 3a) test for cytoplasmic incompatibility in Cardinium-infected species; 3b) experimentally evaluate the role of the symbiont on infection or parasitism by key Culicoides natural enemies (iridescent virus and mermithid nematode). 4. Testing the role(s) of the symbionts in possible protection against infection of vector Culicoides by BTV. According to preliminary findings and difficulties in performing experimental procedures performed in other insect symbiosis systems where insect host cultures are easily maintained, we modified the last two objectives as follows: Obj. 3, we tested how symbionts affected general fitness of Israeli Culicoides species, and thoroughly described and evaluated the correlation between American Culicoides and their bacterial communities in the field. We also tried alternative methods to test symbiont-Culicoides interactions and launched studies to characterize low-temperature stress tolerances of the main US vector, which may be related to symbionts. Obj. 4, we tested the correlation between EHDV (instead of BTV) aquisition and Cardinium infection. Culicoides-bornearboviral diseases are emerging or re-emerging worldwide, causing direct and indirect economic losses as well as reduction in animal welfare. One novel strategy to reduce insects’ vectorial capacity is by manipulating specific symbionts to affect vector fitness or performance of the disease agent within. Little was known on the bacterial tenants occupying various Culicoides species, and thus, this project was initiated with the above aims. During this project, we were able to describe the symbiont Cardinium and whole bacterial communities in Israeli and American Culicoides species respectively. We showed that Cardinium infection prevalence is determined by land surface temperature, and this may be important to the larval stage. We also showed no patent significant effect of Cardinium on adult fitness parameters. We showed that the bacterial community in C. sonorensis varies significantly with the host’s developmental stage, but it varies little across multiple wastewater pond environments. This may indicate some specific biological interactions and allowed us to describe a “core microbiome” for C. sonorensis. The final set of analyses that include habitat sample is currently done, in order to separate the more intimately-associated bacteria from those inhabiting the gut contents or cuticle surface (which also could be important). We were also able to carefully study other biological aspects of Culicoides and were able to discriminate two species in C. schultzei group in Israel, and to investigate low temperature tolerances of C. sonorensis that may be related to symbionts. Scientific implications include the establishment of bacterial identification and interactions in Culicoides (our work is cited in other bacteria-Culicoides studies), the development molecular identification of C. schultzei group, and the detailed description of the microbiome of the immature and matched adult stages of C. sonorensis. Agricultural implications include understanding of intrinsic factors that govern Culicoides biology and population regulation, which may be relevant for vector control or reduction in pathogen transmission. Being able to precisely identify Culicoides species is central to understanding Culicoides borne disease epidemiology.
5
Committee on Toxicology. COT FSA PBPK for Regulators Workshop Report 2021. Food Standards Agency, April 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.tyy821.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The future of food safety assessment in the UK depends on the Food Standards Agency’s (FSA) adaptability and flexibility in responding to and adopting the accelerating developments in science and technology. The Tox21 approach is an example of one recent advancement in the development of alternative toxicity testing approaches and computer modelling strategies for the evaluation of hazard and exposure (New Approach Methodologies (NAMs). A key aspect is the ability to link active concentrations in vitro to likely concentrations in vivo, for which physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modelling is ideally suited. The UK FSA and the Committee on Toxicity of Chemicals in Food, Consumer Products, and the Environment (COT) held an “PBPK for Regulators” workshop with multidisciplinary participation, involving delegates from regulatory agencies, government bodies, academics, and industry. The workshop provided a platform to enable expert discussions on the application of PBPK to health risk assessment in a regulatory context. Presentations covered current application of PBPK modelling in the agrochemical industry for in vitro to in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE), pharmaceutical industry for drug absorption related issues (e.g., the effect of food on drug absorption) and drug-drug interaction studies, as well as dose extrapolations to special populations (e.g., those with a specific disease state, paediatric/geriatric age groups, and different ethnicities), environmental chemical risk assessment, an overview of the current regulatory guidance and a PBPK model run-through. This enabled attendees to consider the wide potential and fitness for purpose of the application of PBPK modelling in these fields. Attendees considered applicability in the context of future food safety assessment for refining exposure assessments of chemicals with narrow margins of exposure and/or to fill data gaps from more traditional approaches (i.e., data from animal testing). The overall conclusions from the workshop were as follows: PBPK modelling tools were applicable in the areas of use covered, and that expertise was available (though it is in small numbers). PBPK modelling offers opportunities to address questions for compounds that are otherwise not possible (e.g., considerations of human variability in kinetics) and allows identification of “at risk” subpopulations. The use of PBPK modelling tends to be applied on a case-by-case basis and there appears to be a barrier to widespread acceptance amongst regulatory bodies due to the lack of available in-house expertise (apart from some medical and environmental agencies such as the European Medicines Agency, United States Food and Drug Administration, and the US Environmental Protection Agency, respectively). Familiarisation and further training opportunities on the application of PBPK modelling using real world case studies would help in generating interest and developing more experts in the field, as well as furthering acceptance. In a regulatory context, establishing fitness for purpose for the use of PBPK models requires transparent discussion between regulatory agencies, government bodies, academics, and industry and the development of a harmonised guidance such as by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) would provide a starting point. Finally, PBPK modelling is part of the wider “new approach methodologies” for risk assessment, and there should be particular emphasis in modelling both toxicodynamics and toxicokinetics.