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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Animal pest“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Animal pest"
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Loague, P. „Pest control and animal welfare“. New Zealand Journal of Zoology 20, Nr. 4 (Oktober 1993): 253–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03014223.1993.10420340.
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van Gerwen, Maite A. A. M., Joachim Nieuwland, Hein A. van Lith und Franck L. B. Meijboom. „Dilemmas in the Management of Liminal Rodents—Attitudes of Dutch Pest Controllers“. Animals 10, Nr. 9 (09.09.2020): 1614. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10091614.
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When non-human animals are labeled as ‘pests’, their moral status and welfare seem relatively unimportant. In a multi-stakeholder project, we develop an assessment frame for a more responsible rodent management that includes animal welfare. An online survey among 129 Dutch pest controllers was carried out in order to find out more about pest controllers’ attitudes about animal welfare. Respondents indicate to consider animal welfare in their job. They see differences in the welfare impact of different rodent control methods. A dilemma may occur when methods with a high impact, such as rodenticides, are ofttimes used in practice. Respondents also indicate that in different real-life scenarios (the hospital kitchen vs. the private backyard), a different weight may be attributed to the importance of animal welfare. Almost half of the respondents encounter difficulties when weighing animals against human interests. The problems are mainly related to clients who are not willing to invest sufficient money in preventive methods, where respondents do believe in. Some differences were found between respondents depending on membership of a professional association for pest controllers. The results of this study are relevant input for focus groups with pest controllers and their clients and for the development of the aforementioned assessment frame.
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Meek, Paul D., Guy A. Ballard und Peter J. S. Fleming. „Techniques and practices of Australian pest animal trappers“. Pacific Conservation Biology 25, Nr. 3 (2019): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc18044.
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We conducted a survey of trappers to gather baseline information on the trapping methods and humane practices used in Australia, the types of traps being used, and the attitudes of trappers. Respondents indicated that they mostly trapped wild dogs and foxes with feral cats as by-catch; rabbits were trapped to a lesser degree. Respondents favoured Jake and Victor #3 traps for the capture of wild dogs. Victor #1.5, #3 and Jake traps were also favoured for capturing foxes and feral cats. Although some trappers placed up to four traps together in a set, a single trap per set was the most commonly reported approach. Trap maintenance varied between individuals but most said they checked traps for problems during deployment. Respondents preferred the term ‘rubber jawed traps’ over the plethora of other synonyms in current use. All respondents were cognisant of animal welfare requirements but their acceptance and adoption of related trapping methods varied. Most did not believe that licensing was required to govern trapping practices in Australia. Euthanasia was most commonly undertaken by shooting the captured animal in the head, although rabbits and some non-target animals were reportedly dispatched by a blow to the head. This is the first survey of Australian trappers and provides a benchmark for understanding trapping culture, practices and practitioner expectations so these can be considered in policy development and implementation.
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Jankovic, Ljiljana, Vladimir Draskovic, Stefan Pintaric, Milorad Mirilovic, Spomenka Djuric, Nada Tajdic und Radislava Teodorovic. „Rodent pest control“. Veterinarski glasnik 73, Nr. 2 (2019): 85–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vetgl190507020j.
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Background. Rodent pests are natural reservoirs and vectors of a vast array of human and animal diseases caused by bacteria, rickettsia, viruses, protozoans, fungi and some parasites. The most important risk factor for human infection with Trichinella is the rearing of pigs on small farms and by rural households, if rodent pest control is not conducted regularly. Rodent pests cause economic losses by consuming, contaminating and/or damaging foods intended for human or animal consumption. Scope and Approach. The aim of this work is to point out the epidemiological and epizootiological importance of regular rodent control, and the importance of integrated use of all measures in deratization, as well as mistakes which can be made in implementing this procedure. Key Findings and Conclusions. The control of populations of pest synanthropic and hemisynanthropic rodents is a very complex and delicate task to carry out. Given all characteristics of the majority of rodent pest species, e.g. high reproductive potential, extraordinary adaptation to life in a variety of habitats and ability to develop resistance to anticoagulant rodenticides, the issue of controlling the number of rodent pests is considerably more problematic than it might seem at first glance. Therefore, appropriate scientific and professional knowledge is necessary to accomplish effective rodent control, which if done improperly, can have far-reaching negative consequences for human populations, non-target species and workers performing the task.
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Valkonen, J. P. T. „Animal-plant-microbe interactions and integrated pest management“. Annals of Applied Biology 162, Nr. 3 (25.04.2013): 285–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aab.12027.
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Kirkwood, JK. „Assessing the humaneness of pest animal control methods“. Animal Welfare 18, Nr. 1 (Februar 2009): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0962728600000142.
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Littin, KE. „Animal welfare and pest control: meeting both conservation and animal welfare goals“. Animal Welfare 19, Nr. 2 (Mai 2010): 171–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0962728600001421.
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Mason, G., und K. E. Littin. „The Humaneness of Rodent Pest Control“. Animal Welfare 12, Nr. 1 (Februar 2003): 1–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0962728600025355.
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AbstractRat and mouse control methods potentially affect the welfare of many millions of animals every year. Here, the humaneness of the methods used in the UK and the USA is assessed in terms of their speed and mode of action, the appearance and behaviour of affected animals, experiences of human victims, long-term effects on animals that survive exposure, and welfare risks to non-target animals. Several methods emerge as relatively humane: cyanide, alpha-chloralose, electrocution traps and well-designed snap traps all usually kill swiftly and with little distress. Preventative methods such as rodent-proofing are also humane, as well as an essential — and probably under-used — component of effective control. However, anticoagulant poisons, the most common means of controlling rodents, generally take several days to kill, during which time they cause distress, disability and/or pain. Sub-lethally affected animals are also likely to experience haemorrhages and their sequelae, and carnivores feeding on affected rodents may be secondarily poisoned. The acute rodenticides zinc phosphide and calciferol are also generally inhumane, the former typically causing severe pain for several hours, and the latter, pain and illness for several days. Sticky boards, to which rodents become adhered by the feet and fur until they are killed or simply eventually die, also raise very serious welfare concerns. This evidence highlights remarkable paradoxes in the way society treats different classes of animal, and argues for more education, legislation and research targeted at reducing the vast numbers of rodents currently killed inhumanely.
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Woolnough, Andrew P., Glenn Edwards und Quentin Hart. „Feral camels: a nationally significant pest animal requiring a national management approach“. Rangeland Journal 38, Nr. 2 (2016): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj15098.
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Managing established pest animals is difficult. The complexity increases significantly when the pest animal is found across the remote arid interior of a continent (Australia), the impacts (both positive and negative) are unclear, and there is a diverse array of affected stakeholders. This paper describes how the generation of primary scientific evidence was critical for the development of a national policy approach (the National Feral Camel Action Plan). The combination of evidence and policy led to the development and implementation of the Australian Feral Camel Management Project. This project offered the opportunity to implement a wide range of management interventions across the affected jurisdictions. The strengths of the Australian Feral Camel Management Project included having high-level support, participation by all affected stakeholders in partnerships, strong governance and a clear project management approach, underpinned by clear policy and scientific evidence. We believe that the evidence-based policy approach used in this project can be used as a template for the management of other established pest animals that are considered to be in need of requiring national coordination.
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Bengsen, Andrew, Rhett Robinson, Cameron Chaffey, Jason Gavenlock, Vanessa Hornsby, Rob Hurst und Mark Fosdick. „Camera trap surveys to evaluate pest animal control operations“. Ecological Management & Restoration 15, Nr. 1 (Januar 2014): 97–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/emr.12086.
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Roy, Satyabrata. „Studies on biology of sechium edule sw. in Darjeeling hills : 1. Improvemnt of crop productivity 2. Survey of animal pest“. Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1095.
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Chapman, Jason Wayne. „Investigations into the behaviour of the house fly, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: muscidae), towards chemical and visual stimuli, in relation to control in intensive animal rearing units“. Thesis, University of Southampton, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243172.
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Fortes, Priscila. „Fisiologia reprodutiva de Nezara viridula (Linnaeus, 1758) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11146/tde-20042010-110715/.
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O objetivo geral desta pesquisa foi avaliar a fisiologia reprodutiva de Nezara viridula (L, 1758) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) e os fatores que influenciam o seu processo reprodutivo, como a frequência de cópula, a associação a bactérias simbiontes e a utilização de recursos nutricionais. Análises da composição bioquímica da hemolinfa durante o processo de maturação reprodutiva das fêmeas indicaram que a concentração de proteína total aumentou gradativamente durante o período de maturação dos ovários, sendo que as proteínas ligadas ao desenvolvimento de oócitos, as vitelogeninas, tornaram-se disponíveis na hemolinfa a partir do décimo dia de idade, período que corresponde à fase de pré-cópula. O desenvolvimento e a maturação de oócitos ocorreram de forma gradativa em função do aumento das proteínas disponíveis na hemolinfa das fêmeas. A cópula não foi essencial para o desenvolvimento dos ovários, indicando a inexistência de estímulos fisiológicos associados à distensão da espermateca ou à transferência de moléculas associadas ao fluído seminal de machos. Entretanto, a freqüência com que as fêmeas copularam afetou a capacidade reprodutiva de N. viridula, sendo as fêmeas que copularam por duas vezes as mais fecundas em relação àquelas que copularam múltiplas vezes. Este fato também indica a existência de custos fisiológicos associados à cópula para fêmeas, sendo ainda evidente a inexistência de relação positiva entre os possíveis benefícios da transferência de nutrientes pelo macho a fêmea e o número de cópulas realizadas. Análises relacionadas à utilização de recursos nutricionais indicaram que o desenvolvimento do ovário de N. viridula é basicamente dependente de nutrientes adquiridos na fase adulta, sendo que a fecundidade de fêmeas oriundas de ninfas criadas em dieta de valor nutricional reduzido, foi recuperada quando adultos foram alimentados em dieta de valor nutricional adequado. Foi verificado ainda uma rica diversidade de bactérias associadas ao aparelho reprodutor masculino de N. viridula, com predominância da Enterobacteriaceae Klebsiella sp, a qual foi anteriormente relatada associada ao intestino de N. viridula. Fêmeas copuladas com machos infectados ou não por estas bactérias não apresentaram qualquer efeito em sua capacidade reprodutiva.The objective of this research was to evaluate the reproductive physiology of Nezara viridula (L., 1758) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) and the factors that influence their reproductive process, such as mating frequency, association to symbiotic bacteria and the use of food resources. Analysis on biochemical composition of haemolymph during the reproductive maturation process of females indicated that the total protein concentration increased gradually during ovary maturation the proteins related to oocyte development, the vitellogenins, became available in the hemolymph from the tenth day of age, corresponding to the pre-copulation. Oocyte development and maturation occurred gradually due to the increase of protein available in hemolymph of females. Copulation was not requered for ovary development, indicating the absence of physiological stimuli associated with spermatheca distension or molecules with on male seminal fluids. However, the frequency females mated affected the reproductive capacity of N. viridula, to females that mated twice were the most fecund if compared to those mated multiple times. This also indicates that there are physiological cost associated with mating frequency, and that there is no positive relationship between the potential benefits from the transfer of nutrients from male to female and the number of mates performed. Analysis related to the use of food resources indicated that ovary development of N. viridula is basically dependent on nutrients acquired during adulthood. Fecundity of females obtained from nymphs reared on a low nutritional value diet was recovered when adults were fed on an adequate-nutritional diet. We further verified a rich diversity of bacteria associated with the male reproductive system of N. viridula, with predominance of the Enterobacteriaceae Klebsiella sp, which was previously reported associated with the gut of N. viridula. Females copulated by males infected or not by these bacteria did not show any effect on their reproductive capacity.
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Höglund, Solveig. „Induced plant responses in willow to a gall-forming insect /“. Uppsala : Dept of Entomology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2006. http://epsilon.slu.se/10152005.pdf.
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Cooney, Jackson. „The Effect of Bat Predation on Crop Yield in Thailand and the Winter Garden Region of South-Central Texas“. Scholarship @ Claremont, 2018. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1727.
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The Wrinkle-lipped free-tailed bat (T. plicata) in Thailand and the Brazilian free-tailed bat (T. brasiliensis) in south-central Texas are integral in the control of agricultural pests. The effect on the production of rice and cotton is determined by the bats consumption of a particular pest species in that region. In Thailand, it is the White-Backed Planthopper (Sogatella furcifera), while in south-central Texas, it is the cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa zea). The ecological service these bat species provide is measured in millions of dollars saved by farmers each year. Finally, a conclusion was made about which species had a greater effect on the economy when compared to each other.
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Richardson, Michael John. „Factors limiting the colonization success of an introduced exotic fish (Carassius auratus)“. Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=40235.
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The goldfish (Carassius auratus) is a hardy exotic species that have established sporadically distributed feral populations throughout North America. In one shallow seasonally anoxic pond goldfish formed a large stunted population of 15-17,000 ind ha$ sp{-1}$, with 53% being small young of the year. Goldfish were predominantly benthic herbivores with little diet overlap with resident red-spotted newts (Notapthalmus v. viredescens). Thus in relatively simple systems lacking fish predators goldfish can be very successful. However in systems with a complex native fish community, goldfish have had less success in colonizing. This could be related to an inability of goldfish to cope with native predators.Tests for assortative shoaling between brown and gold coloured morphs showed that gold coloured fish exhibited no colour based assortive shoaling, while brown fish showed slight but significant colour preferences for like-coloured fish. This level of shoaling preference did not improve after visual exposure or interaction with native predators, indicating that goldfish showed limited behaviourial responses to predators, and that they were unable to modify their response to a predation threat. Further trials allowing goldfish to interact with either pike (Esox lucius) or bass (Ambloplites rupestris), in both single species groups of predator-naive goldfish, and mixed species conditions of goldfish with predator-experience minnows, showed that goldfish did not alter their behaviour in the presence of minnows (Pimephales notatus) when the predators were not present. However, with the predators present goldfish altered their activities to a more minnow-like pattern and showed a significant improvement in anti-predator behaviour. This improved behaviour continued by goldfish when they were retested on their own, indicating that the goldfish were reacting to the predator and not the minnows. Goldfish colonization may therefore be limited not so much by predation or competition from native cyprinids, but more by the absence/presence of a suitable, native, predator-experienced fish from which to copy the appropriate anti-predator behaviours.
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Lord, Linda K. „Epidemiological study of Ohio animal shelters and lost and found pet population issues“. Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1163187060.
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Resende, Tiago Teixeira de. „Impacto do ataque de adultos de Mahanarva spectabilis (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) sobre Brachiaria ruziziensis“. Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 2012. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/1938.
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As cigarrinhas das pastagens são os principais insetos-praga associado às forrageiras, e vêm causando sérios danos a essas. Dessa forma os objetivos do presente estudo foram: determinar o dano em Brachiaria ruziziensis (Germain & Evard) em função da densidade e do tempo de exposição à adultos de Mahanarva spectabilis (Distant, 1909) (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) (segunda seção); determinar o número de adultos de M. spectabilis que devem ser utilizados em testes para seleção de genótipos B. ruziziensis resistentes à esse cercopídeo (terceira seção); e por fim, determinar os danos de adultos de M. spectabilis sobre B. ruziziensis em campo (quarta seção). Na segunda e terceira seção, os experimentos foram conduzidos em casa de vegetação, sendo que na primeira as plantas foram submetidas ao ataque de 0, 12, 18 ou 24 adultos de M. spectabilis por 5 ou 10 dias, e na segunda a forrageira foi submetida ao ataque de 0, 1, 2, 4 ou 8 adultos do cercopídeo por 4 ou 8 dias. Na quarta seção, o experimento foi conduzido em campo, sendo que plantas de uma pastagem de B. ruziziensis foram infestadas com 0, 4, 8, 12 ou 16 adultos de M. spectabilis durante 6 dias. Após esses períodos os insetos foram retirados da planta e avaliou-se os seguintes parâmetros: teor de clorofila, nota visual do dano, peso seco e peso verde, porcentagem de matéria seca da parte aérea e a capacidade de rebrota da forrageira. Com os resultados da segunda seção, verificouse que o ataque de 12 adultos de M. spectabilis, por planta, durante 5 dias foram suficientes para danificar e afetar o desenvolvimento e a persistência de plantas de B. ruziziensis, confirmando o grande impacto causado por adultos desse cercopideo em braquiária. Pelos resultados da terceira seção constatou-se que para selecionar plantas resistentes, deve-se manter 8 adultos de M. spectabilis por 4 dias em plantas de B. ruziziensis. Já por meio dos resultados da quarta seção, verificou-se que o ataque de 8 adultos de M. spectabilis por touceira de B. ruziziensis, por 6 dias, foi suficiente para reduzir o teor de clorofila e ocasionar significativa perda funcional. Essa densidade populacional pode ser uma referência para o manejo integrado das cigarrinhas em braquiária.
The spittlebugs are the main pests associated with forage, and have been causing serious damage for these grasses. Thus the objectives of this study were to determine the damage in Brachiaria ruziziensis (Germain & Evard) in function of density and time of exposure to adults Mahanarva spectabilis (Distant, 1909) (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) (second section); determine the number of adults of Mahanarva spectabilis (Distant, 1909) (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) to be used in tests for selection of genotypes Brachiaria ruziziensis (Germain & Evard) resistant to this spittlebug(third section); and finally, determine the impact of adult M. spectabilis on B. ruziziensis in field (fourth section). In the second and third sections, the experiments were conducted in a greenhouse. In the first section, the plants were exposed to the attack of 0, 12, 18 or 24 adults of M. spectabilis for 5 or 10 days, and in the second the forage was subjected to the attack of 0, 1, 2, 4 or 8 adult for 4 or 8 days. In the fourth section, the experiment was conducted in field.The plants of B. ruziziensis were infested with 0, 4, 8, 12 or 16 adult M. spectabilis for 6 days. Then, the insects were removed from the plant, and the following parameters were evaluated: content of chlorophyll, visual damage score, shoot dry mass, and the capability for regrowth. With the results of the second section, it was found that 12 adult of M. spectabilis for 5 days were enough to cause damage and affect the development and persistence of plant B. ruziziensis. From the results of the third section it was found that to select resistant plants, should be maintained adults 8 M. spectabilis for 4 days in plants of B. ruziziensis. These results may support future works, aimed at the selection of resistant plant to adults of M. spectabilis. Through the results of the fourth section, it was found that the attack of 8 adults of M. spectabilis in clump of B. ruziziensis for 6 days was sufficient to reduce the chlorophyll content and cause significant functional loss. This density can be a reference for the integrated management of spittlebug in Brachiaria.
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O'Connell, Dean Michael, und n/a. „Plant-arthropod interactions : domatia and mites in the genus Coprosma (Rubiaceae)“. University of Otago. Department of Botany, 2009. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20090807.160026.
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Plant-based defence mutualisms involve aspects of plant morphology that influence the performance of plant parasites, their natural enemies and trophic interactions. Leaf domatia, small indentations on the underside of leaves, can be structurally complex, and are often inhabited by potentially beneficial mites and other arthropods. Plant morphological traits such as domatia that enhance mutualistic relationships may result in increased plant growth rates, and reproductive success. New Zealand supports ~60 plant species that have domatia, the most speciose genus being Coprosma. The aim of this thesis was to examine factors that affect the production of leaf domatia and their relationship with foliar mite assemblages. The three main objectives of this thesis are: First, to investigate the production of foliar domatia and their susceptibility to limited resources, particularly to carbon availability. Second, to test if domatia are inducible structures during leaf ontogeny in the presence of foliar mites and/or fungi. Finally, to explore the effect of domatia availability on foliar mite assemblages on leaves with and without resident mites. This thesis tested the stated objectives using C. lucida, C. ciliata, C. foetidissima and C. rotundifolia, with a combination of field investigations and controlled manipulative experiments. The cost of domatia production was investigated using two field surveys and two controlled experiments. Under natural conditions the relationship between leaf morphology and domatia were measured in situ and across an altitudinal gradient. The experimental manipulations used carbon and nutrient stress, induced by temperature, light and fertilizer application. The second objective was experimentally tested under field conditions by manipulating foliar mites and fungal densities on C. rotundifolia. The third objective was investigated by manipulating domatia availability on C. lucida shrubs across three different vegetation types. Under field conditions, the number of domatia per leaf was associated with leaf morphology in C. lucida and C. foetidissima, but not C. rotundifolia. Foliar carbon showed a positive, but weak association with domatia production in C. foetidissima and C. ciliata. Altitudinal induced-carbon stress on domatia production was ambiguous. Domatia production in C. foetidissima was positively associated to altitude in field survey (1), and negatively associated in the second survey, with no correlation found between carbon and altitude. Experimental C. rotundifolia shrubs held under elevated night-time temperatures showed a 2.5 fold increase in respiration, a 34% to 91% decrease in daily carbon gain, and 38% decrease in domatia per leaf mass. Domatia production showed no significant differences under nutrient stress. The results showed little evidence to support a role for induction of domatia. Domatia production in new leaves was similar across all experimental treatments. Diverse vegetation types supported 60% higher mite species. Leaves with domatia supported ~22 to 66% higher mite densities, greater colonisation success and more diverse mite assemblages, than those without domatia. In the pastoral vegetation, the absence of predatory mites on experimental shrubs resulted in no differences in fungivorous mite densities regardless of domatia availability. Plant investment in foliar domatia appears associated with the number of available sites on the leaf under field conditions. The role of carbon availability during leaf ontogeny suggests a complex and highly variable association with domatia production. Domatia are constitutive defence structures that influence mite assemblages, mediating both beneficial and antagonistic relationships. This thesis concludes that domatia are in part, carbon-based non-inducible structures that influence mite assemblages, plant-mite and mite-mite interactions, and increase the probability of successful colonisation.
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O'Callaghan, Dana M. „Exploratory Study of Animal Assisted Therapy Interventions Used by Mental Health Professionals“. Thesis, University of North Texas, 2008. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc6068/.
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The purpose of this study was to explore the various animal assisted interventions mental health professionals incorporate in the therapeutic treatment process, as well as the various therapeutic purposes intended with each technique. Participants were recruited from animal assisted therapy related databases. Participants included professionals who practiced in the mental health field. Thirty one participants qualified for the study. A survey was developed based on information found reviewing literature related to animal assisted therapy. Nineteen animal assisted therapy techniques and ten therapeutic intentions were identified from a review of the literature. Participants were asked to rate on a Likert scale how often they incorporated each technique in their treatment process. Additionally, participants were asked to identify which therapeutic purposes they intended with each technique. Results indicated participants incorporated a variety of animal assisted techniques for various therapeutic intentions. Results indicated seven animal assisted techniques were incorporated by more than 50% of the participants. Building rapport in the therapeutic relationship was the most common therapeutic intention reported with a variety of animal assisted techniques.
Bücher zum Thema "Animal pest"
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United States. Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. Pest survey notice. [Riverdale, MD?]: USDA, APHIS, 2009.
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Lesinski, Jeanne M. Exotic invaders: Killer bees, fire ants, and other alien species are infesting America! New York: Walker, 1996.
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Daniel, Lunney, und Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales. Forum, Hrsg. Pest or guest: The zoology of overabundance. Mosman, N.S.W: Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales, 2007.
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United States. Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. Plant Protection and Quarantine Programs. Weed-initiated pest risk assessment: Guidelines for qualitative assessments. 3. Aufl. Riverdale, MD: Plant Protection and Quarantine, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, 1998.
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United States. Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. Plant Protection and Quarantine Programs. Weed-initiated pest risk assessment: Guidelines for qualitative assessments. 4. Aufl. Riverdale, MD: Plant Protection and Quarantine, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, 2000.
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Richard, DeVoe M., und South Carolina Sea Grant Consortium., Hrsg. Introductions & transfers of marine species: Achieving a balance between economic development and resource protection : proceedings of the conference & workshop, October 30-November 2, 1991, Hilton Head Island, South Carolina. [Charleston, S.C.]: S.C. Sea Grant Consortium, 1992.
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Wehling, Wayne F. Pest risk assessment: Importation of adult queens, package bees and germplasm of honey bees, Apis mellifera L., from Australia : qualitative, pathway-initiated pest risk assessment. Riverdale, MD: Plant Protection and Quarantine, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, 2000.
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Ikuma, Edmond K. Filling the gaps in the fight against invasive species. Honolulu, Hawaii: Legislative Reference Bureau, 2002.
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Pesky critters!: Squirrels, raccoons, and other furry invaders. North Mankato, Minn: Capstone Press, 2014.
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G, Baker Herbert, Mooney H. A und Drake James A, Hrsg. Ecology of biological invasions of NorthAmerica and Hawaii. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1986.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenBuchteile zum Thema "Animal pest"
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Nieuwland, Joachim, und Franck L. B. Meijboom. „“Eek! A Rat!”“. In The International Library of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Ethics, 301–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63523-7_17.
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AbstractRats are often despised. In what way does such aversion affect moral deliberation, and if so, how should we accommodate any distorting effects on our normative judgements? These questions are explored in this chapter with regard to recent proposals in (1) the ethics of pest management and (2) animal political theory. While ethical frameworks and tools used in the context of animal research can improve moral deliberation with regard to pest management, we argue based on psychological factors regarding the perception of rats that before implementing these methods in either animal research or pest management, one needs to ascertain that rats are owed genuine moral consideration. With regard to animal political theory, we identify three issues: truth-aptness, perception, and moral motivation. To complement as well as address some of the issues found in both animal research ethics and animal political theory, we explore compassion. Starting from compassion, we develop a pragmatist and interspecies understanding of morality, including a shift from an anthropocentric to a multispecies epistemology, and a distributed rather than an individual notion of moral agency. We need to engage with the experience of others, including rats and those who perceive these animals as pests, as well as pay attention to the specific way individual agents are embedded in particular socio-ecological settings so as to promote compassionate action.
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Hansson, L. „Small mammal dispersal in pest management and conservation“. In Animal Dispersal, 181–98. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2338-9_8.
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Banks, Peter B. „Guest or pest? Animal rights activists at the 2005 Royal Zoological Society's annual forum“. In Pest or Guest, 249–50. P.O. Box 20, Mosman NSW 2088, Australia: Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.7882/fs.2007.032.
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Boyle, Brian, und Craig Henderson. „The Game Council NSW and its emerging role in game and feral animal management in NSW“. In Pest or Guest, 76–78. P.O. Box 20, Mosman NSW 2088, Australia: Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.7882/fs.2007.011.
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Rees, Paul A. „Pest, weed and disease management.“ In Key questions in applied ecology and conservation: a study and revision guide, 90–105. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789248494.0090.
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Abstract This chapter contains questions about pests and weeds and their control, invasive species, parasites, and animal and plant diseases. The questions are arranged by topic and divided into three levels: foundation, intermediate and advanced.
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Dhang, Partho, Philip Koehler, Roberto Pereira und Daniel D. Dye II. „Flies.“ In Key questions in urban pest management: a study and revision guide, 39–46. Wallingford: CABI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781800620179.0005.
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Abstract This book chapter discusses flies. Filth-breeding flies are usually broken down by the pest management industry into large flies and small flies. The most common fly is the house fly, and its larvae develop in farm animal manure and decaying plant material. It is important to understand the conditions where filth-breeding fly larvae develop in order to control them in urban settings. Some of the large flies of importance are the house fly, blow fly and flesh fly. Small flies are sometimes called gnats and develop in places like drains, residues of organic matter and food waste. Other fly larvae, like blow flies and flesh flies, develop in decaying meat, dead animals, and high protein decaying waste. Apart from houseflies, the most important flies to the urban pest management industry are the filth-breeding flies. With livestock and poultry production being concentrated into small areas near urban centers, house flies can develop in manure piles and migrate into residences and commercial establishments. The filth-breeding flies are considered very important disease transmitting flies throughout most parts of the world. The food source for filth-breeding fly larvae is usually decaying plant and animal matter. They pick up disease organisms on their bodies or orally, and then move them to human food by contact with their contaminated bodies or by regurgitation of pathogens. The ability of adult flies to move rapidly from decaying plant and animal materials make them important mechanical disease vectors. The important pathogens mechanically transmitted by flies are food poisoning bacteria (Shigella, Salmonella, E. coli) and cholera.
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Kontogiannatos, Dimitrios, Anna Kolliopoulou und Luc Swevers. „The 'Trojan horse' approach for successful RNA interference in insects.“ In RNAi for plant improvement and protection, 25–39. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789248890.0004a.
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Abstract Since the discovery of RNA interference in 1998 as a potent molecular tool for the selective downregulation of gene expression in almost all eukaryotes, increasing research is being performed in order to discover applications that are useful for the pharmaceutical and chemical industry. The ease of use of double-stranded RNA for targeted in vivo gene silencing in animal cells and tissues gave birth to a massive interest from industry in order to discover biotechnological applications for human health and plant protection. For insects, RNAi became the 'Holy Grail' of pesticide manufacturing, because this technology is a promising species-specific environmentally friendly approach to killing natural enemies of cultured plants and farmed animals. The general idea to use RNAi as a pest-control agent originated with the realization that dsRNAs that target developmentally or physiologically important insect genes can cause lethal phenotypes as a result of the specific gene downregulation. Most importantly to achieve this, dsRNA is not required to be constitutively expressed via a transgene in the targeted insect but it can be administrated orally after direct spraying on the infested plants. Similarly, dsRNAs can be administered to pests after constitutive expression as a hairpin in plants or bacteria via stable transgenesis. Ideally, this technology could have already been applied in integrated pest management (IPM) if improvements were not essential in order to achieve higher insecticidal effects. There are many limitations that decrease RNAi efficiency in insects, which arise from the biochemical nature of the insect gut as well as from deficiencies in the RNAi core machinery, a common phenomenon mostly observed in lepidopteran species. To overcome these obstacles, new technologies should be assessed to ascertain that the dsRNA will be transferred intact, stable and in high amounts to the targeted insect cells. In this chapter we will review a wide range of recent discoveries that address the delivery issues of dsRNAs in insect cells, with a focus on the most prominent and efficient technologies. We will also review the upcoming and novel use of viral molecular components for the successful and efficient delivery of dsRNA to the insect cell.
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Kontogiannatos, Dimitrios, Anna Kolliopoulou und Luc Swevers. „The 'Trojan horse' approach for successful RNA interference in insects.“ In RNAi for plant improvement and protection, 25–39. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789248890.0025.
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Abstract Since the discovery of RNA interference in 1998 as a potent molecular tool for the selective downregulation of gene expression in almost all eukaryotes, increasing research is being performed in order to discover applications that are useful for the pharmaceutical and chemical industry. The ease of use of double-stranded RNA for targeted in vivo gene silencing in animal cells and tissues gave birth to a massive interest from industry in order to discover biotechnological applications for human health and plant protection. For insects, RNAi became the 'Holy Grail' of pesticide manufacturing, because this technology is a promising species-specific environmentally friendly approach to killing natural enemies of cultured plants and farmed animals. The general idea to use RNAi as a pest-control agent originated with the realization that dsRNAs that target developmentally or physiologically important insect genes can cause lethal phenotypes as a result of the specific gene downregulation. Most importantly to achieve this, dsRNA is not required to be constitutively expressed via a transgene in the targeted insect but it can be administrated orally after direct spraying on the infested plants. Similarly, dsRNAs can be administered to pests after constitutive expression as a hairpin in plants or bacteria via stable transgenesis. Ideally, this technology could have already been applied in integrated pest management (IPM) if improvements were not essential in order to achieve higher insecticidal effects. There are many limitations that decrease RNAi efficiency in insects, which arise from the biochemical nature of the insect gut as well as from deficiencies in the RNAi core machinery, a common phenomenon mostly observed in lepidopteran species. To overcome these obstacles, new technologies should be assessed to ascertain that the dsRNA will be transferred intact, stable and in high amounts to the targeted insect cells. In this chapter we will review a wide range of recent discoveries that address the delivery issues of dsRNAs in insect cells, with a focus on the most prominent and efficient technologies. We will also review the upcoming and novel use of viral molecular components for the successful and efficient delivery of dsRNA to the insect cell.
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Dhang, Partho, Philip Koehler, Roberto Pereira und Daniel D. Dye II. „Mosquitoes.“ In Key questions in urban pest management: a study and revision guide, 23–30. Wallingford: CABI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781800620179.0003.
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Abstract This book chapter discusses mosquitoes as deadly disease vectors. Biological control is usually implemented for control of larval populations using predators (e.g. top feeding minnows and copepods) or pathogens and pathogen products (i.e., Bacillus thuringiensis israeliensis and B. sphericus). Genetic control is being implemented by releasing sterilized male mosquitoes (genetically modified, radiation sterilised, or transgenic mosquitoes). It starts with minimizing bites through the use of window screens on houses and animal shelters, and the use of treated bed nets and personal repellents. Habitat modification is a reliable method that eliminates adult resting sites and source reduction of larval development areas.
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Farnworth, Mark J. „Pets“. In Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior, 5190–201. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55065-7_367.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKonferenzberichte zum Thema "Animal pest"
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Clouse, Carey, Stephen Schreiber und Caryn Brause. „Housing the Urban Animal“. In 2017 ACSA Annual Conference. ACSA Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.amp.105.9.
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The topic of housing design, interpreted in the broadest sense, could be conceived of as any space that hosts a living creature. Thus, in this entry-level design studio, students began by designing a dwelling space for an animal client. Animals were selected because our cohabitation with with them improves, supports, and sustains not only human life, but also our biosphere. These clients provide a range of productive services, such as their ability to pollinate, or to provide food, clothing, pest control, or fertilizer.
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Asada, Sora, Kei Tabuchi, Kyohei Toyoshima, Yuki Nagai, Chihiro Yukawa und Tetsuya Oda. „Design of an Animal Types and Movement Based Pest Animal Repellent System“. In 2023 IEEE 12th Global Conference on Consumer Electronics (GCCE). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/gcce59613.2023.10315449.
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Freitas, Luiza Isaia de. „INFLUÊNCIA DO ISOLAMENTO DOMICILIAR DEVIDO A PANDEMIA SOBRE A ROTINA ALIMENTAR DOS ANIMAIS MANTIDOS COMO PET NO BRASIL“. In II Congresso Brasileiro de Ciências Biológicas On-line. Revista Multidisciplinar de Educação e Meio Ambiente, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51189/rema/1283.
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Introdução: Em março de 2020 a SARS-CoV-2 foi elevada ao status de pandemia. A fim de diminuir a disseminação viral, foi instituído o isolamento domiciliar sobre a população mundial. Tendo início dos casos na China, o Covid-19 distribuiu-se rapidamente pelo globo. Conforme estudos científicos há registros do vírus infectar cães, gatos e ferrets, todavia sem relatos de que se possa ocorrer a transmissão do patógeno presente nos pets aos humanos. Após o isolamento, foi possível observar o aumento de peso em parte da população, dado que conforme pesquisa também foi observado nos animais mantidos como pets no Brasil. Objetivo: Averiguar os impactos do isolamento domiciliar devido a pandemia da Covid-19 sobre a rotina alimentar de animais mantidos como pet no Brasil. Material e Métodos: Foi realizada pesquisa de caráter exploratório, de forma online, via formulário, obtendo 551 respostas de 22 estados e Distrito Federal. Resultados: As respostas obtidas na pesquisa foram referentes ao tipo de animal mantido como pet (cães, gatos, aves, répteis, roedores e outros), mudanças na rotina alimentar e de atividades dos pets anterior e após o isolamento domiciliar, sendo questionado sobre a observação ou não de aumento no escore corporal dos animais. Os dados obtidos após a análise foram que 30% dos pets desenvolveram sobrepeso após a pandemia, podendo relacionar os dados como resultado de maior fornecimento de alimento aos animais, tanto em periodicidade tanto em quantidade em associação a menor quantidade de atividades físicas realizadas com os animais, como atividades de recreação e passeios. Conclusão: Através da análise dos dados, foi constatado que assim como em humanos, percentual dos animais mantidos como pet no Brasil também adquiriram sobrepeso após o isolamento domiciliar. Sendo dado que 30% destes após a pandemia tiveram aumento em seu escore corporal, fato ligado ao maior fornecimento de alimento aos animais pelos tutores, com maior fornecimento de petiscos, gerando uma superalimentação dos pets a qual em conjunto com o menor índice de atividade física realizada com os animais, como a menor periodicidade de passeios e atividades de recreação, levaram ao sobrepeso dos animais mantidos como pet no Brasil.
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Pavlovic, Monika, und Aljaž Mursec. „User Experience of Canine Assistive Mobility Aids“. In Socratic Lectures 8. University of Lubljana Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55295/psl.2023.i5.
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Assistive mobility aids play an important role in the overall well-being, mobility, and activity of animals with neurological and/or orthopaedic impairments. The user experience relates not only to the pet owner, but also to the animal using it. Animals cannot express how they feel when using an assistive mobility aid, so the owner's observation of the animal is of great importance in this case. In this study the experiences of users of mobility aids for dogs were investigated using a questionnaire. All pet owners invited to participate had received a mobility aid (orthosis, prosthesis, or wheelchair) made by us for their pets in the past year. Of fifteen pet owners invited, eight dog owners responded to the questionnaire. The aids used were orthosis (25%), prosthesis (50%) and wheelchair (25%). Our survey shows that most owners (5/8) believe that assistive devices have a very positive impact on their dog’s life. To improve the use of mobility aids in animals, future research should focus on making them more accessible. To restore normal limb function after injury, chronic disease or amputation, good collaboration between veterinarians, technicians (orthotists/prosthetists) and owners based on scientific evidence should be encouraged. Keywords: Orthotics; Prosthetics; Wheelchair; Animal; Pet; Dog
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Мychka, Mariia-Roksoliana, und Mariana Shkoliar. „Sociological discourse of the domestic animals status transformation in the human-animal relations“. In Sociology – Social Work and Social Welfare: Regulation of Social Problems. Видавець ФОП Марченко Т.В., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/sosrsw2023.063.
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Background: The topic of human-animal relationship has been gaining more and more popularity in recent years in the Western scientific discourse, but there are not so many studies and scientific works.You can find only isolated works and empirical investigations on this topic in the Ukrainian scientific space, although the role that pets play in the life of a modern person is quite important. Purpose: justification of modern trends in human-animal relations through the prism of sociology. Methods: the methods of analysis, synthesis, systematization and generalization were the main ones in the work with the primary sources on the topic of the publication, which made it possible to determine the features of various approaches to the study of important aspects of the human – domestic animal relationship. The method of secondary analysis of sociological research made it possible to reveal the current situation regarding the practices of interaction between people and domestic animals. Results: Current aspects of the study of the pet`s role in people's lives have been clarified. The evolution of a person's attitude towards an animal in a historical-cultural section from an object (utilitarian attitude) to a subject, a partner in interaction (animal-companion, animal-friend, animal-child, etc.) is considered. The mechanism of changing the status of a domestic animal through the prism of the phenomenological paradigm is substantiated: the attitude towards animals depends on the framework of perception of their status and essence, which can be the values, norms and rules adopted in society or in a certain environment in a certain period. The factors that contributed to the change of the specified norms and rules of interaction were identified, including: the spread of humanism and posthumanism values, urbanization, the tendency to anthropomorphize animals, etc., The methodological foundations of B. Latour's actor-network theory were used to explain the subjectivity status of domestic animals. According to it, things (in our case, animals) are not only passive agents of interaction, not only exposed to the influence of a person, but also exert an influence on him. This means, that they are partners in a network of interactions. The process of domestic animals status transformation is illustrated on the basis of the social construction stages of reality by P. Berger and T. Luсkmann. Social, racial, and demographic characteristics of social practices related to pets are explored. Conclusion: The topic of interaction between domestic animals and people is not sufficiently disclosed in the sociological discourse, since interest in it began quite recently. Scientists were motivated to intensify research on this topic by changes in the attitude towards the animals that live nearby. From consumerism to partnership. This led to a change in the utilitarian value of animals, which began to be determined by feelings and emotions. This situation became possible as a result of the transformations of the value dimension of society, the spread of the philosophy of animals treatment, the principles of posthumanism. As well as the aggravation of the modern person needs to interact with animals, experience "live", real emotions and feelings (love , affection, devotion, etc.) in the world of technologies and rational relations. Keywords: sociology, pet, pets` status transformation, subjectivity of pets.
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Соломийчук, М. „Особенности статуса борщевика сосновского в Украине и характеристика ликвидации опасного вида сорняка в Черновицкой области“. In VIIth International Scientific Conference “Genetics, Physiology and Plant Breeding”. Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Republic of Moldova, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53040/gppb7.2021.90.
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The pest risk analysis (PRA) was carried out for Sosnowsky’s hogweed to determine the ability of the species to be a quarantine object by analyzing the available scientific data. According to the results of the PRA, Sosnowsky’s hogweed can be classified as a regulated weed and socially dangerous to human and animal health, highly aggressive in spread, and extremely difficult to eradicate in many areas, where it is widespread in small numbers. It allows to apply measures to it as for any quarantine plant: to control its appearance and completely eradicate it’s entry source. The results of developed method have been proposed using the example of town Chernivtsi. Weed density have decreased from 47,8 and 43,5 plants to 4,8 and 1,2 plants on 1 m2 in a number of hotbeds. These measures allowed to decrease the quantity of Sosnovsky’s hogweed in some hotbeds by more than 25 times.
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Souza, Francisco Carlos M., Elio M. Costa, Alexandre T. Matinelli, Lincoln M. Costa und Alinne C. C. Souza. „FugaPet-Rotas: Um algoritmo inteligente para recomendação de rotas visando buscar animais desaparecidos“. In Escola Regional de Engenharia de Software. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/eres.2022.227993.
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O mercado de animais de estimação no Brasil é um dos setores que tem crescido significativamente, o qual vai de franquias especializadas em banho e tosa por aplicativo até seguros e planos de saúde. Neste contexto, surgiu a startup FugaPet que visa auxiliar tutores a encontrar pets desaparecidos. A partir da solução desenvolvida pela startup FugaPet, o artigo visa apresentar um algoritmo inteligente para recomendar caminhos que auxiliem tutores na procura do seu pet desaparecido. Para viabilizar o algoritmo, foi desenvolvido um webapp a fim de coletar dados de tutores voluntários sobre a localização em que um pet foi encontrado. Os resultados alcançados indicam que é possível recomendar rotas que minimizem o esforço para procurar um animal desaparecido. Portanto, pode-se afirmar que, por meio de um experimento com 50 repetições, o algoritmo consegue chegar na maioria das vezes na mesma solução ou em soluções muito próximas do ideal.
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Stingaci, Aurelia, und Leonid Volosciuc. „Particularitățile identificării VPN și VG a Hyphantria Cunea prin aplicarea microscopiei optice și electronice“. In International symposium ”Functional ecology of animals” dedicated to the 70th anniversary from the birth of academician Ion Toderas. Institute of Zoology, Republic of Moldova, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.53937/9789975315975.61.
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Biopesticides are mass-produced, biologically based agents used for the control of plant pests. They are an important part of integrated pest management (IPM), which aims to use complementary methods to manage pest populations at low levels, rather than eliminate them entirely. Biopesticides are being used on increasing scales and there is considerable interest in their potential as alternatives to conventional pesticides. Biopesticides have also attracted great interest in the international research community, with a significant increase in the number of publications devoted to the subject. At Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection are prepared the bioinsecticides for use in Republic Moldova, mostly for the control. In order to reduce the population of insect it is recommended utilization of inoffensive preparations baculoviruses highlypathogenic for the leaf-champing vermis of the Hyphantria cunea, were selected from the insect natural populations which is an efficient preparation for combating this pest in agricultural, onamental and forest biocenosis. This study aimed to highlight new agents for biological control of pest. The results of the present study revealed the larvicidal potential of baculovirusess isolates found in the larvae of H. cunea, local production of biopesticides, which will reduce the final cost of the product and will more accessible to farmer.
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Krul, Elaine. „Nutritional opportunities to advance companion animal health - focus on lipids and related nutrients“. In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/cttu1432.
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Globally $232 billion was spent in the pet industry in 2021 and the compound annual growth rate (CAGR) is estimated to be 4.6%. In the USA alone, $109.6 billion was spent in 2021, and more money is spent annually on pet food and treats than veterinary care or products. Pet parents are increasingly more concerned about the nutritional quality of the foods they feed their animals and their impact on health. Pet food manufacturers are responding to the increased demand for premium food products but importantly, the work of veterinary nutrition researchers is key to ensuring the safety and nutritional sufficiency of commercial and specialized animal diets. Lipids and related nutrients, such as omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, medium-chain triglyceride oil (MCT oil), vitamins D and E and choline play an important role in companion animal health and will be discussed in this session. In addition, a study evaluating the impact of canine diets with different fat contents on risk of pancreatitis will be presented. These reports not only provide more insight into companion animal health but also sheds light on our understanding of how lipids and related nutrients impact human health.
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Heinen, Fredy Winfreid. „USO DE CREEP FEEDING PARA BEZERROS DE CORTE“. In I Congresso Brasileiro Online de Práticas Veterinárias: Uma abordagem para animais de grande porte e produção Animal. Revista Multidisciplinar em Saúde, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51161/granvet-53.
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Introdução: O creep feeding é um sistema que consiste na suplementação de bezerros ao pé da mãe. Deste modo, os animais tem acesso a uma área cercada, separada da área em que a mãe está, assim, apenas eles possuem acesso ao suplemento. Objetivo: O objetivo da pesquisa foi avaliar o desempenho de bezerros de corte recebendo suplementação no creep feeding. Material e métodos: A pesquisa ocorreu em uma propriedade no município de São Nicolau-RS. Foram utilizados 10 animais lactentes, mantidos em piquete de campo nativo, suplementados em creep feeding. Os animais foram avaliados por pesagem ao nascimento, 30 dias de vida e 60 dias de vida. No creep feeding foi utilizado um produto comercial, suplemento mineral proteico vitamínico, pronto para uso por bezerros de corte na cria. A suplementação foi colocada em uma estrutura protegido das intemperes. Resultados: O peso médio ao nascimento dos bezerros foi de 49,7 ± 5 Kg de peso vivo (PV). O peso médio aos 30 dias correspondeu a 86 ± 6 Kg de PV. Sendo a diferença entre as médias de nascimento e peso aos 30 dias de 36,3 Kg de PV. Já o peso médio aos 60 dias foi de 114,5 ± 6 Kg de PV. Sendo que a diferença entre peso ao nascimento e aos 60 dias foi de 64,8 Kg de PV, mostrando que os animais tiveram um melhor desenvolvimento nos primeiros 30 dias. Os ganhos de peso, em 60 dias de uso do creep feeding, pelos bezerros variaram entre 61 a 70 Kg de PV, mostrando que os animais tiveram ganhos médios diários entre 1,016 e 1,166 Kg de PV. Esses ganhos são muito importantes para o adequado desempenho dos animais, possibilitando maior peso ao desmame e consequentemente, chegada ao peso de abate mais rapidamente, desde que o manejo alimentar permaneça adequado aos animais. Conclusão: O uso de creep feeding é uma alternativa para produção de bovinos de corte, pois, potencializa o desempenho dos bezerros.
Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Animal pest"
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Gallego Sánchez, Gerardo J., Patricia Zapata, Oscar Castañeda, Harold Suárez Baron, Ana Elizabeth Díaz Montilla, Wilson Vásquez und Joseph M. Tohme. Use of DNA sequences for identification of possible biotypes of the fruit borer Neoleucinodes elegantalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), an important pest of Andean solanaceous fruits. Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.21930/agrosavia.poster.2015.1.
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In Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Brazil and Honduras, the tomato borer, Neoleucinodes elegantalis, is the most important fruit-related plague of the Solanaceae family. A suitable molecular characterization using a DNA barcoding system is necessary to clarify different issues inside the taxonomy of Neoleucinodes genus. Additionally, other DNA sequences used for molecular identification and phylogenetics studies, can be implemented to obtain a better understanding of the genetic variability across different animal groups and allows to acquire a enhanced description of the population s genetic variation. The main objectives of this study are: 1. Evaluate the performance of DNA barcoding sequences (COI gen and 18S rDNA gene), in the genetic characterization of populations of N. elegantalis, collected in different wild and cultivated solanaceous plants in Colombia and Ecuador. 2. Determination of possible haplotypes related with each population belonging to this species. 3.Identification of geographical patterns associated with the distribution of this insect.
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Jung, Carina, Matthew Carr, Eric Fleischman und Chandler Roesch. Response of the green June beetle and its gut microbiome to RDX and phenanthrene. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/38799.
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Green June beetles are a cosmopolitan pest in the United States. Adults are voracious consumers of tree and vine fruit, while their larvae can dam-age and inadvertently consume root systems, particularly those of grasses, as they move through the soil and forage for detritus. Larvae ingest and process large volumes of soil while in the process of feeding. Due to their intimate contact with the soil it was hypothesized that soil contaminants that are known animal toxins would perturb the larval and affect their overall health and survival. Studies of this kind are important contribu-tions to the development of new model organisms and our understanding of interactions between the environment, contaminants, gut microbiome, and animal development, health, and survival. It is important to continue to develop relevant model organisms for monitoring toxicity as regulations for working with vertebrates becomes more prohibitive. In this study green June beetle larvae were exposed to RDX and phenanthrene through-out their entire soil-bound development, starting within the first few days of hatching through to their emergence as adults. The overall findings included that even at high concentrations, RDX and phenanthrene (25 ppm) exerted no significant effect on body weight or survival. Also, there was lit-tle apparent effect of RDX and phenanthrene on the bacterial microbiome, and no statistical association with measurable health effects. Nevertheless, the green June beetle is an interesting model for soil toxicity experiments in the future as is it easy to collect, house, and handle.
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Chiel, Elad, und Christopher J. Geden. Development of sustainable fly management tools in an era of global warming. United States Department of Agriculture, Januar 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7598161.bard.
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House flies (Muscadomestica) are global pests of animal agriculture, causing major annoyance, carrying pathogens among production facilities and humans and thus have profound impacts on animal comfort and productivity. Successful fly control requires an integrated pest management (IPM) approach that includes elements of manure management, mass trapping, biological control, and selective insecticide use. Insecticidal control of house flies has become increasingly difficult due to the rapidity with which resistance develops, even to new active ingredients. Global climate change poses additional challenges, as the efficacy of natural enemies is uncertain under the higher temperatures that are predicted to become more commonplace in the future. The two major objectives of this research project were: 1) to develop a cost-effective autodissemination application method of Pyriproxifen (PPF), an insect growth regulator, for controlling house flies; 2) to study the effect of increasing temperatures on the interactions between house flies and their principal natural enemies. First, we collected several wild house fly populations in both countries and established that most of them are susceptible to PPF, although one population in each country showed initial signs of PPF-resistance. An important finding is that the efficacy of PPF is substantially reduced when applied in cows’ manure. We also found that PPF is compatible with several common species of parasitoids that attack the house fly, thus PPF can be used in IPM programs. Next, we tried to develop “baited stations” in which house flies will collect PPF on their bodies and then deliver and deposit it in their oviposition sites (= autodissemination). The concept showed potential in lab experiments and in outdoor cages trials, but under field conditions the station models we tested were not effective enough. We thus tested a somewhat different approach – to actively release a small proportion of PPF-treated flies. This approach showed positive results in laboratory experiments and awaits further field experiments. On the second topic, we performed two experimental sets: 1) we collected house flies and their parasitoids from hot temperature and mild temperature areas in both countries and, by measuring some fitness parameters we tested whether the ones collected from hot areas are better adapted to BARD Report - Project 4701 Page 2 of 16 heat. The results showed very little differences between the populations, both of flies and parasitoids. 2) A “fast evolution” experiment, in which we reared house flies for 20 generations under increasing temperatures. Also here, we found no evidence for heat adaptation. In summary, pyriproxyfen proved to be a highly effective insect growth regulator for house flies that is compatible with it’s natural enemies. Although our autodissemination stations yielded disappointing results, we documented the proportion of flies in a population that must be exposed to PPF to achieve effective fly control. Both the flies and their principal parasitoids show no evidence for local adaptation to high temperatures. This is an encouraging finding for biological control, as our hypothesis was that the fly would be adapting faster to high temperatures than the parasitoids. BARD Report - Project 4701 Page 3 of 16
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Gurevitz, Michael, Michael E. Adams und Boaz Shaanan. Structural Elements and Neuropharmacological Features Involved in the Insecticidal Properties of an Alpha Scorpion Neurotoxin: A Multidisciplinary Approach. United States Department of Agriculture, August 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7573061.bard.
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Integrated pest management in modern crop protection requires the use of chemical or biological insecticides in many instances. Nontheless, the use non-selective chemical insecticides poses risks to the environment and livestock and consequently urgent need exists for safer alternatives, which target insects more specifically. Scorpions produce anti-insect selective polypeptide toxins that are biodegradable and not toxic to wam-blooded animals. Therefore, mobilization of these substances into insect pest targets is of major interest. Moreover, clarification of the molecular basis of this selectivity may provide valuable information pertinent to their receptor sites and to the future design of peptidomimetic anti-insect specific substances. These toxins may also be important for reducing the current overuse of chamical insecticides provided they have a synergistic effect with conventional pesticides. All of these objectives were addressed in this research. A direct approach for plant protection was the mobilization of toxins into target pests using baculoviral vectors. The other approach was to develop a suitable system enabling the elucidation of the toxin bioactive site, which would enable design of insecticidal peptidomimetics. In parallel, the mode of action and synergistic effects of scorpion insecticidal toxins, were studied at the sodium channel receptor site. All the above approaches show great promise and clearly indicate that scorpion insecticidal toxins may provide powerful means in insect pest control.
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Kanai Shah, M. S. A Very High Spatial Resolution Detector for Small Animal PET. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), März 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/900321.
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Shinn, Antoinette M. PET-CT Animal Model for Surveillance of Embedded Metal Fragments. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, Dezember 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada618102.
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Kumban, Wannisa, Anoma Santiworakul und Salila Cetthakrikul. The effect of Animal Assisted Therapy on physical activity in elderly. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.9.0049.
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Review question / Objective: What are the effect of Animal Assisted Therapy on physical activity in elderly. PICOs P: Elderly; I: Animal Assisted Therapy; C: Compare; O: Physical activity, physical fitness, health-related fitness; S: experimental study/ compare between group/ pre-post test. Eligibility criteria: Inclusion criteria comprised any studies that provided experimental study design or observational data on cross-sectional comparisons between groups. The outcome analyzed in this review was the effect of animal assisted or pet or human-animal interaction on physical activity that was studied in all elderly populations (age > 60 years), in any setting e.g., home, community-based, or hospital. The articles were published in English full-text articles only between 2012 and 2022.
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Chejanovsky, Nor, und Bruce A. Webb. Potentiation of Pest Control by Insect Immunosuppression. United States Department of Agriculture, Januar 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7592113.bard.
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The restricted host range of many baculoviruses, highly pathogenic to Lepidoptera and non-pathogenic to mammals, limits their use to single or few closely related Lepidopteran species and is an obstacle to extending their implementation for pest control. The insect immune response is a major determinant of the ability of an insect pathogen to efficiently multiply and propagate. We have developed an original model system to study the Lepidopteran antiviral immune response based on Spodoptera littoralis resistance to AcMNPV (Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus) infection and the fascinating immunosuppressive activity of polydnaviruses .Our aim is to elucidate the mechanisms through which the immunosuppressive insect polydnaviruses promote replication of pathogenic baculoviruses in lepidopteran hosts that are mildly or non-permissive to virus- replication. In this study we : 1- Assessed the extent to which and the mechanisms whereby the immunosuppressive Campoletis sonorensis polydnavirus (CsV) or its genes enhanced replication of a well-characterized pathogenic baculovirus AcMNPV, in polydnavirus-immunosuppressedH. zea and S. littoralis insects and S. littoralis cells, hosts that are mildly or non-permissive to AcMNPV. 2- Identified CsV genes involved in the above immunosuppression (e.g. inhibiting cellular encapsulation and disrupting humoral immunity). We showed that: 1. S. littoralis larvae mount an immune response against a baculovirus infection. 2. Immunosuppression of an insect pest improves the ability of a viral pathogen, the baculovirus AcMNPV, to infect the pest. 3. For the first time two PDV-specific genes of the vankyrin and cystein rich-motif families involved in immunosuppression of the host, namely Pvank1 and Hv1.1 respectively, enhanced the efficacy of an insect pathogen toward a semipermissive pest. 4. Pvank1 inhibits apoptosis of Spodopteran cells elucidating one functional aspect of PDVvankyrins. 5. That Pvank-1 and Hv1.1 do not show cooperative effect in S. littoralis when co-expressed during AcMNPV infection. Our results pave the way to developing novel means for pest control, including baculoviruses, that rely upon suppressing host immune systems by strategically weakening insect defenses to improve pathogen (i.e. biocontrol agent) infection and virulence. Also, we expect that the above result will help to develop systems for enhanced insect control that may ultimately help to reduce transmission of insect vectored diseases of humans, animals and plants as well as provide mechanisms for suppression of insect populations that damage crop plants by direct feeding.
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Chejanovsky, Nor, und Bruce A. Webb. Potentiation of pest control by insect immunosuppression. United States Department of Agriculture, Juli 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7587236.bard.
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Our original aims were to elucidate the mechanisms through which the immunosuppressive insect virus, the Campoletis sonorensis polydnavirus (CsV) promotes replication of a well-characterized pathogenic virus, the Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) in hosts that are mildly or non-permissive to virus replication. According to the BARD panels criticism we modified our short-term goals (see below). Thus, in this feasibility study (one-year funding) we aimed to show that: 1. S. littoralis larvae mount an immune response against a baculovirus infection. 2. Immunosuppression of an insect pest improves the ability of a viral pathogen (a baculovirus) to infect the pest. 3. S. littoralis cells constitute an efficient tool to study some aspects of the anti- viral immune response. We achieved the above objectives by: 1. Finding melanized viral foci upon following the baculoviral infection in S . littoralis larvae infected with a polyhedra - positive AcMNPV recombinant that expressed the GFP gene under the control of the Drosophila heat shock promoter. 2. Studying the effect of AcMNPV-infection in S . littoralis immunosuppressed by parasitation with the Braconidae wasp Chelonus inanitus that bears the CiV polydna virus, that resulted in higher susceptibility of S. littoralis to AcMNPV- infection. 3. Proving that S. littoralis hemocytes resist AcMNPV -infection. 4. Defining SL2 as a granulocyte-like cell line and demonstrating that as littoralis hemocytic cell line undergoes apoptosis upon AcMNPV -infection. 5. Showing that some of the recombinant AcMNPV expressing the immuno-suppressive polydna virus CsV- vankyrin genes inhibit baculoviral-induced lysis of SL2 cells. This information paves the way to elucidate the mechanisms through which the immuno- suppressive polydna insect viruses promote replication of pathogenic baculoviruses in lepidopteran hosts that are mildly or non-permissive to virus- replication by: - Assessing the extent to which and the mechanisms whereby the immunosuppressive viruses, CiV and CsV or their genes enhance AcMNPV replication in polydnavirus- immunosuppressed H. zea and S. littoralis insects and S. littoralis cells. - Identifying CiV and CsV genes involved in the above immunosuppression (e.g. inhibiting cellular encapsulation and disrupting humoral immunity). This study will provide insight to the molecular mechanisms of viral pathogenesis and improve our understanding of insect immunity. This knowledge is of fundamental importance to controlling insect vectored diseases of humans, animals and plants and essential to developing novel means for pest control (including baculoviruses) that strategically weaken insect defenses to improve pathogen (i.e. biocontrol agent) infection and virulence.
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Aguayo Ulloa, Lorena. Componente socioeconómico: calidad de la canal y de la carne. Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria - AGROSAVIA, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21930/agrosavia.infografia.2022.14.
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La canal, es el producto primario en el proceso de producción de carne. La canal, es la pieza de transición más importante entre el animal vivo y la carne siendo la unidad fundamental para el comercio del sector cárnico formal. Para evaluar la canal de manera comercial, los parámetros objetivos comúnmente usados son: el peso y el rendimiento centesimal.