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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Animal mechanics":
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Alexander, R. McNeill. „Mechanics of animal movement“. Current Biology 15, Nr. 16 (August 2005): R616—R619. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2005.08.016.
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Kalinowski, Anna Maria. „“My pockets are full”: The Emotional and Mechanical Function of Goodbyes in Animal Crossing“. Animal Crossing Special Issue 13, Nr. 22 (16.02.2021): 59–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1075263ar.
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This article focuses on goodbyes within the Animal Crossing series, describing them as an important but often overlooked mechanic afforded through the inventory space. Beginning with defining the general mechanics withing the series, the article highlights the value of inventory space and argues that inventory space affords the central mechanic of collecting to emerge. As inventory space is not infinite, collecting is accompanied by the necessary mechanic of goodbyes. In order to make more room to collect players will be faced with choices of departing from both items and villagers, the game’s NPCs (Non-Playable Characters), emphasizing goodbyes’ mechanical and emotional function within this virtual world. Ultimately, this article concludes by highlighting how these mechanics serve to emphasize the parasocial attachments and agency players encounter when faced with the dilemma of departure.
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Blake, Robert W. „Mechanics and physiology of animal swimming“. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 191, Nr. 1 (August 1995): 131–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0981(95)90071-3.
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Gomes, R. F. M., X. Shen, R. Ramchandani, R. S. Tepper und J. H. T. Bates. „Comparative respiratory system mechanics in rodents“. Journal of Applied Physiology 89, Nr. 3 (01.09.2000): 908–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.2000.89.3.908.
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Because of the wide utilization of rodents as animal models in respiratory research and the limited data on measurements of respiratory input impedance (Zrs) in small animals, we measured Zrs between 0.25 and 9.125 Hz at different levels (0–7 hPa) of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) in mice, rats, guinea pigs, and rabbits using a computer-controlled small-animal ventilator (Schuessler TF and Bates JHT, IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 42: 860–866, 1995). Zrs was fitted with a model, including a Newtonian resistance (R) and inertance in series with a constant-phase tissue compartment characterized by tissue damping (Gti) and elastance (Hti) parameters. Inertance was negligible in all cases. R, Gti, and Hti were normalized to body weight, yielding normalized R, Gti, and Hti (NHti), respectively. Normalized R tended to decrease slightly with PEEP and increased with animal size. Normalized Gti had a minimal dependence on PEEP. NHti decreased with increasing PEEP, reaching a minimum at ∼5 hPa in all species except mice. NHti was also higher in mice and rabbits compared with guinea pigs and rats at low PEEPs, which we conclude is probably due to a relatively smaller air space volume in mice and rabbits. Our data also suggest that smaller rodents have proportionately wider airways than do larger animals. We conclude that a detailed, comparative study of respiratory system mechanics shows some evidence of structural differences among the lungs of various species but that, in general, rodent lungs obey scaling laws similar to those described in other species.
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Dudley, R., und P. Chai. „Animal flight mechanics in physically variable gas mixtures“. Journal of Experimental Biology 199, Nr. 9 (01.09.1996): 1881–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.199.9.1881.
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Empirical studies of animal flight performance have generally been implemented within the contemporary atmosphere. Experimental alteration of the physical composition of gas mixtures, however, permits construction of novel flight media and the non-invasive manipulation of flight biomechanics. For example, replacement of atmospheric nitrogen with various noble gases results in a tenfold variation in air density at a constant oxygen concentration. Such variation in air density correspondingly elicits extraordinary biomechanical effort from flying animals; hummingbirds and euglossine orchid bees hovering in such low-density but normoxic mixtures have demonstrated exceptionally high values for the mechanical power output of aerobic flight muscle. As with mechanical power, lift coefficients during hovering increase at low air densities in spite of a concomitant decline in the Reynolds number of the wings. The physical effects of variable gas density may also be manifest in morphological and physiological adaptations of animals to flight across altitudinal gradients. Global variation in atmospheric composition during the late Paleozoic may also have influenced the initial evolution and subsequent diversification of ancestral pterygotes. For the present-day experimenter, the use of physically variable flight media represents a versatile opportunity to explore the range of kinematic and aerodynamic modulation available to flying animals.
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Xiao, Shuhai. „Mitotic topologies and mechanics of Neoproterozoic algae and animal embryos“. Paleobiology 28, Nr. 2 (2002): 244–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/0094-8373(2002)028<0244:mtamon>2.0.co;2.
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Cell division is a key biological process in growth, morphogenesis, and reproduction. Despite our improved understanding of the genetics and dynamics of cell division in all major groups of living organisms, paleontological evidence for cell division is largely restricted to silicified (and some carbonaceous) algae and vascular plants where three-dimensional observation is possible. Animal cell division has been documented in the fossil record to a lesser extent; however, such knowledge is highly desirable in the recently revitalized field of evolutionary developmental biology. Two fundamentally different mitotic cell division topologies are preserved in late Neoproterozoic Doushantuo phosphorites (ca. 550–600 million years old) in South China. Doushantuo algal cells (∼20 μm in diameter) are successively cleaved by mitotic division planes that are offset but not deformed by subsequent cytokinesis. Mitotic division planes in successively cleaving Doushantuo animal embryos (several hundred microns in diameter) are also offset. However, in sharp contrast to Doushantuo algae, Doushantuo animal blastomeres repeatedly shift to mechanically stable configurations by disturbing preexisting division planes. This divergence reflects the underlying cytological and developmental differences between algae and animals. Specifically, the presence/absence of rigid cell walls and different cytokinetic mechanisms, coupled with mechanics at mitotic offsets, contribute to the diverging mitotic topologies in Doushantuo algae and animal embryos. These findings not only confirm previous interpretation of Doushantuo fossils but also provide direct paleontological evidence of cell movement in the development of these early animal fossils.
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Pouillard, Violette. „Animal Biographies: Beyond Archetypal Figures“. Journal of Animal Ethics 12, Nr. 2 (01.10.2022): 172–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/21601267.12.2.07.
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Abstract The biographies of animal celebrities published by the historians John Simons and Eric Baratay aim to place animals in and of themselves at the center of academic narratives. Both excavate the lived experiences concealed behind official discourses and collective representations, notably by relying on cross-fertilization with ethological research. They unveil the ways in which information was reshaped in order to portray animal celebrities as benevolent members of human-animal communities, and thereby shed light on the mechanics of animal commodification. The close examination of a few individual animal trajectories enlightens the condition of many historical animals living under human tutelage in the 19th and early 20th century and highlights long-term historical evolutions, such as the succession of animal cultures and generations largely determined by human actions.
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Oliveira, Maria A., Alembert E. Lino-Alvarado, Henrique T. Moriya und Renato L. Vitorasso. „Drug class effects on respiratory mechanics in animal models: access and applications“. Experimental Biology and Medicine 246, Nr. 9 (18.02.2021): 1094–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1535370221993095.
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Assessment of respiratory mechanics extends from basic research and animal modeling to clinical applications in humans. However, to employ the applications in human models, it is desirable and sometimes mandatory to study non-human animals first. To acquire further precise and controlled signals and parameters, the animals studied must be further distant from their spontaneous ventilation. The majority of respiratory mechanics studies use positive pressure ventilation to model the respiratory system. In this scenario, a few drug categories become relevant: anesthetics, muscle blockers, bronchoconstrictors, and bronchodilators. Hence, the main objective of this study is to briefly review and discuss each drug category, and the impact of a drug on the assessment of respiratory mechanics. Before and during the positive pressure ventilation, the experimental animal must be appropriately sedated and anesthetized. The sedation will lower the pain and distress of the studied animal and the plane of anesthesia will prevent the pain. With those drugs, a more controlled procedure is carried out; further, because many anesthetics depress the respiratory system activity, a minimum interference of the animal’s respiration efforts are achieved. The latter phenomenon is related to muscle blockers, which aim to minimize respiratory artifacts that may interfere with forced oscillation techniques. Generally, the respiratory mechanics are studied under appropriate anesthesia and muscle blockage. The application of bronchoconstrictors is prevalent in respiratory mechanics studies. To verify the differences among studied groups, it is often necessary to challenge the respiratory system, for example, by pharmacologically inducing bronchoconstriction. However, the selected bronchoconstrictor, doses, and administration can affect the evaluation of respiratory mechanics. Although not prevalent, studies have applied bronchodilators to return (airway resistance) to the basal state after bronchoconstriction. The drug categories can influence the mathematical modeling of the respiratory system, systemic conditions, and respiratory mechanics outcomes.
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Chiou, Kevin, und Eva-Maria S. Collins. „Why we need mechanics to understand animal regeneration“. Developmental Biology 433, Nr. 2 (Januar 2018): 155–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.09.021.
Robles, Alexandro Heiblum. „Statistical mechanics of animal territoriality“. Thesis, University of Bristol, 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.707747.
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Taylor, Graham K. „Animal flight dynamics : mechanics of stability and control“. Thesis, University of Oxford, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270179.
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Decorin is required for the normal fibrillogenesis and spatial arrangement of collagen. As collagen is important in determining the elastic behaviour of the lung, we hypothesized that lung tissue mechanics would be altered in decorin deficient (Dcn-/-) mice. Complex impedance, pressure-volume curves, and length-stress curves of lung parenchyma were measured in C57BL/6 mice, 6 Dcn-/- and 6 wildtype ( Dcn+/+), both in vivo and in vitro. Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were performed to identify decorin and biglycan in the lung tissues. In vivo, airway resistance was decreased and lung compliance was increased in Dcn-/- mice. In vitro, length-stress curves showed increased compliance in the Dcn-/- mice. Immunohistochemistry showed decorin staining in the airway and vessel walls of Dcn+/+ but not Dcn-/- mice; Western blots showed that biglycan levels were not different in the Dcn-/- mice. These data support a critical role for decorin in the formation of the lung collagen network. Lack of decorin alters lung tissue mechanical behaviour. Additionally, the data from Dcn+/+ mice were compared to those from other species, and is consistent with the evidence in the literature that mouse lungs differ structurally from other species. Finally, differences observed in vivo vs. in vitro suggest that measurements made in the strip more accurately reflect lung tissue properties.
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Nauen, Jennifer Claire. „Biomechanics of two aquatic defense systems : 1. The scaling of tail-flip kinematics and force production by the California spiny lobster Panulirus interruptus : 2. Shear sensitivity and interspecific variation in flow-stimulated dinoflagellate bioluminescence /“. Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9823710.
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Ferreira, Matos Gomes Rute. „Respiratory mechanics in small animals : influence of size and age“. Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=38188.
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Although rodents have been widely used in respiratory research, there are still only limited data comparing respiratory mechanics between different species of small animal. In order to provide further insight into the mechanical behavior of the respiratory systems of different sized small animals, accurate measurements of respiratory impedance (Zrs) were made in four different rodent species and in the developing rat over a broad range of frequencies at various levels of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP). PEEP dependencies of airway and tissue properties were interpreted in terms of physiological phenomena such as airway closure and airway-parenchymal interdependence forces. In adult animals, Zrs was fitted to a model including a Newtonian resistance (R) in series with a constant-phase tissue compartment. In general, rodent respiratory parameters obeyed the same scaling laws described in other species, but rabbits had a relatively higher elastance than one would predict from previously published allometric relationships. This is probably due to the rabbit's proportionately smaller airspace volume. R normalized to body weight was lower in smaller species suggesting that they have proportionately wider airways compared to larger animals. By using computer models of the asymmetric airway tree to estimate airway resistance (Raw), we confirmed that the larger of two isomorphic rodent species has relatively higher Raw. Moreover, we showed that both the airway dimensional scaling differences and the asymmetric arrangement of the individual airways are responsible for the relative differences in Raw between smaller and larger animals. Finally, in the developing rat, elastance and resistance normalized to lung weight decreased progressively with age, suggesting that intrinsic changes in the mechanical properties of the respiratory system occur with development. Parenchymal interdependence forces manifested themselves in animals as young as 10 days of age, with PEEP
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Johnston, Sharon J. „Respitatory mechanics in stutterers' speech“. Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=40369.
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This thesis contains four manuscripts examining the respiratory mechanics of normal and stuttering speech. The first study (J.Appl.Physiol. 75 (2):696-703, 1993) examined lung volume (V scL) during stutterers' relatively fluent speech. We showed that stutterers used the V scL extremes. This suggested that stutterers recruited their respiratory muscles in a different manner than normals to maintain subglottic pressure (Psg). We therefore investigated respiratory muscle recruitment patterns in normals and stutterers. In the second study, (submitted to J.A.P.), we modified the Campbell pressure volume diagram by the addition of abdominal pressure (Pab) and by the use of a surrogate relaxation curve. The addition of Pab allowed us to differentiate between diaphragmatic and non diaphragmatic inspiratory muscles and to quantify expiratory muscle recruitment. The surrogate curve provided a good approximation of the true relaxation curve (non significant difference between surrogate and true relaxation curves: P $>$.10). The third study (submitted to J.A.P.) used the modified diagram to examine respiratory muscle recruitment patterns, instantaneous Psg, voluntary hyperinflation and intrinsic positive end-expiratory pressures (PEEPi) during normal and stuttering speech. Stutterers used consistent muscle recruitment patterns and consistent V scL but Psg was not as well controlled as in normals. Because a lack of control of Psg could have an immediate effect on the glottis, particularly at high or low V scL, we measured instantaneous Psg and flow in the final study (to be submitted to J.A.P.) to give us instantaneous glottal resistance. In this study we were able to plot a 'family' of glottal resistances that covered normal speech. This provided a normal envelope of resistances. When stutterers were fluent they remained within both the flow and Psg limits set by the normals' envelope. When they were fluent both Psg and flow extended beyond the normals' envelope. We conclude
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Burke, Susan P. (Susan Patricia). „Dyspnea and the mechanics of breathing during progressive exercise“. Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=57002.
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This study investigates dyspnea and the mechanics of breathing during progressive exercise. Three subject groups, athletes, normal sedentary subjects and chronic obstructive diseased patients were studied during progressive exercise testing to exhaustion on a cycle ergometer. Subjects rated dyspnea on a Borg Scale. Inspiratory flow, esophageal/gastric pressures and rib cage/abdominal displacements were measured. Subjects demonstrated two patterns of dyspnea response to changes in esophageal (pleural) pressure. All athletes, two normals and five patients were termed "low dyspnea responders", (LDR), whereas the remaining subjects were termed "high dyspnea responders", (HDR). LDR demonstrated large, rapid negative gastric pressure swings, coupled with outward abdominal displacement during early inspiration when compared to HDR, suggesting that LDR utilized abdominal muscle relaxation at the onset of inspiration. This mechanism appears to provide an extra inspiratory force, contributing to the increasing pleural pressures required. This breathing pattern appears to diminish the sensation of dyspnea at a given pleural pressure.
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Dechman, Gail Sterns. „The effect of lung volume below normal functional residual capacity on respiratory system mechanics“. Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=41568.
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This thesis examines changes in the mechanical behaviour of the canine and human respiratory systems to changes in lung volume below normal functional residual capacity (FRC). In open chested dogs lung elastance (E$ sb{ rm L}$) increased and lung resistance (R$ sb{ rm L}$) changed little with decreases in positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) of the ventilatory circuit. The dominance of plastoelastic lung tissue properties at low lung volumes was used to interpret the lack of change in R$ sb{ rm L}$. Computed tomography demonstrated that pleural effusion (PE) created atelectasis in dependent caudal lung regions which contributed to the overall lung volume loss. PE produced a decrease in only lung vertical height while chest wall dimensions changed both vertically and horizontally. E$ sb{ rm L}$ and R$ sb{ rm L}$ increased while elastance and resistance of the chest wall were little affected by these shape and density changes. In close-chested, anesthetised, paralysed, ventilated humans a decrease in PEEP below normal FRC caused an increase in R$ sb{ rm L}$, E$ sb{ rm L}$ and both chest wall elastance and resistance. Median sternotomy caused E$ sb{ rm L}$ to increase with increasing PEEP while the negative volume dependence of R$ sb{ rm L}$ remained. Most of the difference between open-chested and closed-chested E$ sb{ rm L}$ was presumably due to lung collapse in the open-chested state.
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Paskins, Keith Edward. „The mechanics and energy economy of animal jumping and landing applied to autonomous robots“. Thesis, University of Bath, 2007. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.760869.
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Irregular terrain is difficult for small robots to traverse, so the research in this thesis endeavours to develop a jumping robot as a solution to this problem. Gliding is proposed as a means of reducing the landing impact forces, and potentially extending the range of each jump. The biomechanics of jumping and gliding are introduced from fundamental principles, before various examples from nature are described and contrasted. Flying squirrels glide quickly between trees by stretching out their patagia, membranous skin folds spreading between the wrists and ankles. Several hypotheses exist to explain the evolution of gliding flight in these animals. These are investigated by filming northern flying squirrels leaping across a range of short distances while measuring the corresponding take-off and landing forces. Evidence is provided that the evolution of controlled flight was most likely stimulated by the need to reduce landing impact forces. A model is proposed for the skin structure of flying squirrel patagia, which is likely to be specialised from normal mammalian skin to facilitate gliding flight and the high speed transition to other arboreal locomotion. This predicts that the skin would be thin and its stiffness highest along the length of the animal, with the behaviour more elastic perpendicularly. Uni-axial tensile test results from a single southern flying squirrel are consistent with the hypotheses. A biomimetic jumping and gliding robot, Glumper, is described which relies on a power-amplifying energy storage and catchrelease mechanism. A novel, bi-stable dog clutch device was developed that enables the robot to launch itself automatically using an on-board power supply. The robot has selfdeploying gliding membranes and allowance is made in the design for the adjustment of pitch to improve landing control. After testing the performance of the robot, consideration is given to its power requirement for full autonomy.
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Sergio, Lauren E. (Lauren Elisabeth). „The kinematic organization of the wipe relfex in the spinal frog /“. Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=59638.
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The kinematics of wiping movements to the back were examined in spinal adult Rana Catesbeiana. The aim was to identify the elements of the back wipe and their functional role. The data show that there are three essential phases of the wiping movement: a placing phase; a flexion of the hip and knee; and a whisk/extension phase. The first phase is the only one which is dependent upon stimulus location. The spinal frog adjusts the hindlimb to account for stimulus location in the rostro-caudal direction. There is no adjustment for stimulus position along the medial-lateral axis of the body. It is proposed that the second phase serves as a preparatory movement for the extension portion of the wipe. When the wipe is partitioned into these phases, the motion was found to be planar for the first and third phases. At the end of the first phase there was a transition between the two planes.
Alexander, R. McN, Hrsg. Mechanics of Animal Locomotion. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76693-0.
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Symposium on Mechanics and Physiology of Animal Swimming (1991 Plymouth, England). Mechanics and physiology of animal swimming. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994.
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International Conference on Motion Systems (1st 1997 Jena, Germany). Motion systems: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Motion Systems, the Third Workshop of the Society of Technical Biology and Bionics and the Second Biomechanic Workshop of the Studygroup Morphology (DZG), Jena 1997. Mainz: Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur, 1998.
Lacolley, Patrick, Simon N. Thornton und Yvonnick Bezie. „Animal Models for Studies of Arterial Stiffness“. In Blood Pressure and Arterial Wall Mechanics in Cardiovascular Diseases, 63–74. London: Springer London, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-5198-2_6.
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Machoczek, Tomasz, und Agnieszka Konopelska. „The Use of Alginate Mass to Obtain Limb Geometry for the Sake of Human and Animal Limb Prosthesis“. In Modelling in Engineering 2020: Applied Mechanics, 191–200. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68455-6_17.
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Chrysostomou, Eleni, Febrimarsa, Timothy DuBuc und Uri Frank. „Gene Manipulation in Hydractinia“. In Methods in Molecular Biology, 419–36. New York, NY: Springer US, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2172-1_22.
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AbstractThe ability to regenerate lost body parts is irregularly distributed among animals, with substantial differences in regenerative potential between and within metazoan phyla. It is widely believed that regenerative animal clades inherited some aspects of their capacity to regenerate from their common ancestors but have also evolved new mechanisms that are not shared with other regenerative animals. Therefore, to gain a broad understanding of animal regenerative mechanisms and evolution, a broad sampling approach is necessary. Unfortunately, only few regenerative animals have been established as laboratory models with protocols for functional gene studies. Here, we describe the methods to establish transgenic individuals of the marine cnidarian Hydractinia. We also provide methods for transient gene expression manipulation without modifying the genome of the animals.
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van Staaveren, Nienke, Paul Forsythe, Jerine A. J. van der Eijk, Dietmar Fuchs, Johanna M. Gostner, Claire Mindus, T. Bas Rodenburg und Alexandra Harlander. „The microbiota-gut-brain axis in determining social behaviours of animals.“ In Bridging research disciplines to advance animal welfare science: a practical guide, 172–89. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789247893.0011.
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Abstract This chapter introduces the mechanisms through which microorganisms can influence animal welfare and how this knowledge can be used to keep animals physically and psychologically healthy. Genetics and genomics are well-established concepts in animal welfare sciences. Given the importance of genetics to animal behaviour and health, and the rapid advances in technologies.
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Marannano, Giuseppe, Tommaso Ingrassia, Vito Ricotta und Vincenzo Nigrelli. „Numerical Optimization of a Composite Sandwich Panel with a Novel Bi-directional Corrugated Core Using an Animal-Inspired Optimization Algorithm“. In Advances on Mechanics, Design Engineering and Manufacturing IV, 637–51. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15928-2_56.
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Huntingford, Felicity A., und Angela K. Turner. „Behavioural mechanisms“. In Animal Conflict, 59–94. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3145-9_4.
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Huntingford, Felicity A., und Angela K. Turner. „Neural mechanisms“. In Animal Conflict, 129–62. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3145-9_6.
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Diakhaté, Demba, Ibrahima Sarr, Dimas Soares Júnior, Michel Havard, Ricardo Ralisch und Alioune Fall. „Evaluation of the technical capacity of artisans to fabricate the animal-powered direct seeder super-eco in Sénégal.“ In Conservation agriculture in Africa: climate smart agricultural development, 458–68. Wallingford: CABI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789245745.0029.
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Abstract This study focused on the ability of local Senegalese artisans to fabricate the animal-powered no-till (NT) direct seeder Super-Eco to reduce the expensive import of seeders. Technical specifications and design of the animal-powered direct seeder Super-Eco were first given to 90 heads of artisanal workshops in three regions of the Southern Peanut Basin for them to reproduce the machine. Detailed information on their workshop equipment was collected in advance. A principal component analysis (PCA) was then used to classify artisan workshops. The results showed that Class 3 was very well equipped and was able to fabricate the direct seeder. It was followed by Class 2 which was fairly well equipped, but was only able to develop 90% of the seeder parts. Because of a low level of equipment, the third class of artisans was only capable of fabricating very few pieces of the seeder. Artisans from Class 3 were able to fully construct the animal-powered direct seeder. However, it was noted that the other classes of artisans were able to reproduce some parts of the animal-powered direct seeder Super-Eco but they could not make the seeder box with its nested seed metering device due to their low level of equipment. They instead buy it from the Sahelian Industrial Company of Mechanics, Agricultural Materials and Representations or from traders. The need to evaluate the performance of the seeders developed by local artisans is also noted.
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Akanyeti, Otar, Camilla Fiazza und Paolo Fiorini. „Attentional Mechanisms for Lateral Line Sensing through Spectral Analysis“. In From Animals to Animats 11, 252–62. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-15193-4_24.
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Riley, R. T., und W. P. Norred. „Mechanisms of Mycotoxicity“. In Human and Animal Relationships, 193–211. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-10373-9_10.
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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Animal mechanics":
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Bartel, S., J. Domin, J. Karczewski, M. Kciuk, L. Kozielski, Z. Pilch und P. Wyciślok. „TESTING THE STRENGTH OF LASER-BONDED ANIMAL INTESTINES“. In Engineering Mechanics 2020. Institute of Thermomechanics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21495/5896-3-066.
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„Bendo-tensegrity model simulates compression test of animal cell“. In Engineering Mechanics 2018. Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21495/91-8-45.
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Gzik-Zroska, B., K. Joszko, E. Kawlewska, A. Balin, J. Karczewski und P. Wyciślok. „DETERMINATION OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF BIOLOGICAL MATERIAL OF ANIMAL ORIGIN“. In Engineering Mechanics 2020. Institute of Thermomechanics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21495/5896-3-170.
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Showalter, Brent L., Jesse C. Beckstein, John T. Martin, Elizabeth E. Beattie, Alejandro A. Espinoza Orías, Thomas P. Schaer, Edward J. Vresilovic und Dawn M. Elliott. „Disc Torsion Mechanics: Comparison of Animal Models to Human“. In ASME 2011 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2011-53607.
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The intervertebral disc plays a critical role in providing structural support to the spine while permitting extensive flexibility in a number of orientations. Axial rotation is a key parameter in spine function and torsional instability is related to spinal degeneration [1]. Animal models are integral components in many in vivo disc studies, however each animal varies in availability, size, cost, and scientific criteria such as cell phenotype and biomechanics. Selection of an appropriate animal model requires knowledge of the similarities and differences in biomechanical and biochemical factors between the model and human discs. Previous studies have often compared the characteristics of a single animal model with the human disc [2, 3]. However, variations in animal models and testing protocols between groups hinder comparisons and interpretations between different studies. This is especially relevant in torsion mechanics, where the magnitude of an applied compressive load and other testing parameters significantly affect the apparent torsional stiffness of the disc [4]. The objective of this study was to measure and compare the torsion mechanical properties of the human disc and 11 disc types from 8 mammalian species.
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Orlová, L., J. Gumulec und J. Burša. „The impact of the mitochondrial network on the mechanical response of diseased animal cell“. In Engineering Mechanics 2022. Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21495/51-2-297.
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Saha, Nabanita, Fahanwi Asabuwa Ngwabebhoh, Hau Trung Nguyen und Petr Saha. „Environmentally friendly and animal free leather: Fabrication and characterization“. In FRACTURE AND DAMAGE MECHANICS: Theory, Simulation and Experiment. AIP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0028467.
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„Evaluation of changes in elastic properties of animal trabecular bone for mechanical tests depending on the storage method“. In Engineering Mechanics 2018. Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21495/91-8-25.
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Natarajan, Raghu N., Alejandro Espinoza und Gunnar B. J. Andersson. „Effect of Needle Puncture Injury on Human Intervertebral Disc Mechanics“. In ASME 2010 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2010-19116.
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Diagnosis, repair and regeneration of the disc often necessitate needle injection to the nucleus pulposus through the annulus. Discography in which a radio opaque material is injected into the nucleus and electrothermal treatment involving inserting a catheter into the disc requires disruption of the annulus through needle puncture. Annulus puncture may also be required during placement of nucleus implants. Needle puncture is also used to inject growth factors, gene and cell therapy for regeneration of the disc. In animal models, disc degeneration is induced over time by needle puncture of the annulus. The severity of the degeneration depends on the magnitude of the annulus needle puncture. One thing that is not clear is how much of the observed changes in the disc biomechanics and biochemical changes are due to nucleus treatment and how much is due to annular disruption through needle puncture. Animal model studies have shown that significant changes in disc mechanics were noticed within 1 week of needle puncture with a large-gauge needle. Another in-vitro animal study showed that biomechanical changes were observed in the disc when the ratio of needle diameter to disc height is greater than 40%. All these studies were focused on the effect of small number of needle diameters and addressed using animal cadaver models. How these needle puncture injury studies on small and large animal models can be extrapolated to human conditions is still not known. Thus there is need to evaluate effect of range of needle puncture diameters in human lumbar disc biomechanics. The purpose of this study is, with the help of a finite element models, quantify the biomechanical effect due to varying size of needle punctures in a human lumbar intervertebral disc.
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Radovic, M., Z. Milosevic, D. Nikolic, I. Saveljic, M. Obradovic, D. Petrovic, N. Zdravkovic, Z. Teng, J. Bird und N. Filipovic. „MODELING AND CORRELATION OF PLAQUE SIZE WITH HISTOLOGICAL AND BLOOD ANALYSIS DATA FOR ANIMAL RABBIT EXPERIMENTS“. In 3rd South-East European Conference on Computational Mechanics. Athens: Institute of Structural Analysis and Antiseismic Research School of Civil Engineering National Technical University of Athens (NTUA) Greece, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.7712/130113.4375.s2114.
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Radovic, Milos, Zarko Milosevic, Dalibor Nikolic, Igor Saveljic, Milica Obradovic, Dejan Petrovic, Nebojsa Zdravkovic, Zhongzhao Teng, Joseph Bird und Nenad Filipovic. „MODELING AND CORRELATION OF PLAQUE SIZE WITH HISTOLOGICAL AND BLOOD ANALYSIS DATA FOR ANIMAL RABBIT EXPERIMENTS“. In 3rd South-East European Conference on Computational Mechanics. Athens: ECCOMAS, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.7712/seeccm-2013.2114.
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Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Animal mechanics":
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Villegas Aguilar, Julio Cesar, Marco Felipe Salas Orozco, Maria de los Angeles Moyaho Bernal, Eric Reyes Cervantes, Julia Flores-Tochihuitl, Alberto Vinicio Jerezano Domínguez und Miguel Angel Casillas Santana. Mechanical vibrations and increased alveolar bone density in animal models as an alternative to improve bone quality during orthodontic treatment: A systematic review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.8.0103.
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Review question / Objective: The aim of this systematic review is to determine whether mechanical vibration increases alveolar bone density in animals models and their possible application during orthodontic treatment. In this sense, the focused question is: Is the increase in alveolar bone density by mechanical vibrations in animal models an alternative to improve bone quality during orthodontic treatment? Eligibility criteria: All published animal studies will be included. Animal studies where high or low frequency vibrations were be applied, Articles where density or osteogenesis were be measured and compared to a control group. All publications will be considered except for those where the full-text article will not available, or the authors’ affiliation or the place of publication will not be specified. Only articles published in English.
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Forster, Gina. Neural Mechanisms Linking Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Anxiety States in an Animal Model. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, März 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada570080.
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Forster, Gina, Michael Watt und Pat Manzerra. Neural Mechanisms Linking Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Anxiety States in an Animal Model. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada559243.
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Yehuda, Rachel, und Joseph Buxbaum. Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Individual Differences in Response to Stress in a Previously Validated Animal Model of PTSD. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada564271.
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Yehuda, Rachel, und Joseph Buxbaum. Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Individual Differences in Response to Stress in a Previously Validated Animal Model of PTSD. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada554787.
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Morphett, Jane, Alexandra Whittaker, Amy Reichelt und Mark Hutchinson. Perineuronal net structure as a non-cellular mechanism of affective state, a scoping review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.8.0075.
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Is the perineuronal net structure within emotional processing brain regions associated with changes in affective state? The objective of this scoping review is to bring together the literature on human and animal studies which have measured perineuronal net structure in brain regions associated with emotional processing (such as but not limited to amygdala, hippocampus and prefrontal cortex). Perineuronal nets are a specialised form of condensed extracellular matrix that enwrap and protect neurons (Suttkus et al., 2016), regulate synaptic plasticity (Celio and Blumcke, 1994) and ion homeostasis (Morawski et al., 2015). Perineuronal nets are dynamic structures that are influenced by external and internal environmental shifts – for example, increasing in intensity and number in response to stressors (Blanco and Conant, 2021) and pharmacological agents (Riga et al., 2017). This review’s objective is to generate a compilation of existing knowledge regarding the structural changes of perineuronal nets in experimental studies that manipulate affective state, including those that alter environmental stressors. The outcomes will inform future research directions by elucidating non-cellular central nervous system mechanisms that underpin positive and negative emotional states. These methods may also be targets for manipulation to manage conditions of depression or promote wellbeing. Population: human and animal Condition: affective state as determined through validated behavioural assessment methods or established biomarkers. This includes both positive and negative affective states. Context: PNN structure, measuringPNNs.
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Kamaruzzaman, Mohd Amir, Muhammad Hibatullah Romli, Razif Abas, Sharmili Vidyadaran, Mohamad Taufik Hidayat Baharuldin, Muhammad Luqman Nasaruddin, Vishnnumukkala Thirupathirao et al. Impact of Endocannabinoid Mediated Glial Cells on Cognitive Function in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Animal Studies. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.8.0094.
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Review question / Objective: This review aims to review systematically, and meta-analyse published pre-clinical research about the mechanism of endocannabinoid system modulation on glial cells and their effects on cognitive function in designated Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) in the animal model. Condition being studied: Its been acknowledged that the cure of Alzheimer's disease is still vague. Current medicine is working on symptoms only but never stop the disease progression due to neuronal loss. In recent years, researches have found that cannabinoid which is derived from cannabis sativa plant and its compounds exert neuroprotective effects in vitro and in vivo. In fact, cognitive improvement has been shown in some clinical studies. Therefore, the knowledge of cannabinoids and its interaction with living physiological environment like glial cells is crucial as immunomodulation to strategize the potential target of this substance. The original articles from related study relating endocannabinoid mediated glial cell were extracted to summarize and meta-analyze its impact and possible mechanism against cognitive decline in AD.
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Qin, Weiping. Anabolic Steroids as a Novel Therapeutic Strategy for the Prevention of Bone Loss after Spinal Cord Injury: Animal Model and Molecular Mechanism. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, Oktober 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada591955.
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Zhao, Zongjiang, Tingting Jiao, Yunhua Liu, Sitong Wang, Xinjiang Zhang und Xinxue Zhang. Protective Effect and Possible Mechanisms of Salvia Miltiorrhiza and Its Extracts for Diabetic Nephropathy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Animal Studies. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.8.0060.
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Ohad, Nir, und Robert Fischer. Regulation of plant development by polycomb group proteins. United States Department of Agriculture, Januar 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7695858.bard.
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Our genetic and molecular studies have indicated that FIE a WD-repeat Polycomb group (PcG) protein takes part in multi-component protein complexes. We have shown that FIE PcG protein represses inappropriate programs of development during the reproductive and vegetative phases of the Arabidopsis life cycle. Moreover, we have shown that FIE represses the expression of key regulatory genes that promote flowering (AG and LFY), embryogenesis (LEC1), and shoot formation (KNAT1). These results suggest that the FIE PcG protein participates in the formation of distinct PcG complexes that repress inappropriate gene expression at different stages of plant development. PcG complexes modulate chromatin compactness by modifying histones and thereby regulate gene expression and imprinting. The main goals of our original project were to elucidate the biological functions of PcG proteins, and to understand the molecular mechanisms used by FIE PcG complexes to repress the expression of its gene targets. Our results show that the PcG complex acts within the central cell of the female gametophyte to maintain silencing of MEA paternal allele. Further more we uncovered a novel example of self-imprinting mechanism by the PgG complex. Based on results obtained in the cures of our research program we extended our proposed goals and elucidated the role of DME in regulating plant gene imprinting. We discovered that in addition to MEA,DME also imprints two other genes, FWA and FIS2. Activation of FWA and FIS2 coincides with a reduction in 5-methylcytosine in their respective promoters. Since endosperm is a terminally differentiated tissue, the methylation status in the FWA and FIS2 promoters does not need to be reestablished in the following generation. We proposed a “One-Way Control” model to highlight differences between plant and animal genomic imprinting. Thus we conclude that DEMETER is a master regulator of plant gene imprinting. Future studies of DME function will elucidate its role in processes and disease where DNA methylation has a key regulatory role both in plants and animals. Such information will provide valuable insight into developing novel strategies to control and improve agricultural traits and overcome particular human diseases.
